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data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/ar_1:1%2Cc_fill%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cg_faces:center%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_375/MTU3OTIzNjc4MTIxMTA5NDU0/this-14th-century-african-emperor-remains-the-richest-person-in-historys-featured-photo.jpg 375w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/ar_1:1%2Cc_fill%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cg_faces:center%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_675/MTU3OTIzNjc4MTIxMTA5NDU0/this-14th-century-african-emperor-remains-the-richest-person-in-historys-featured-photo.jpg 675w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/ar_1:1%2Cc_fill%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cg_faces:center%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_750/MTU3OTIzNjc4MTIxMTA5NDU0/this-14th-century-african-emperor-remains-the-richest-person-in-historys-featured-photo.jpg 750w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/ar_1:1%2Cc_fill%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cg_faces:center%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1350/MTU3OTIzNjc4MTIxMTA5NDU0/this-14th-century-african-emperor-remains-the-richest-person-in-historys-featured-photo.jpg 1350w"><img class="m-detail-header--feature-image" alt="This 14th-Century African Emperor Remains the Richest Person in History" decoding="async" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/ar_16:9%2Cc_fill%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cg_faces:center%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_768/MTU3OTIzNjc4MTIxMTA5NDU0/this-14th-century-african-emperor-remains-the-richest-person-in-historys-featured-photo.jpg"></picture><div class="m-detail-header--aspect-ratio-wrapper"><div class="m-detail-header--aspect-ratio-pusher"></div></div></phoenix-picture><div class="m-detail-header--content"><dl><dt>Publish date:</dt><dd class="m-detail-header--date m-detail-header--publication-date"><phoenix-timeago><time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2018-03-19T12:06:59-04:00" title="2018-03-19T16:06:59Z">Mar 19, 2018</time></phoenix-timeago></dd><dt class="m-detail-header--date m-detail-header--updated-date-term">Updated on</dt><dd class="m-detail-header--date m-detail-header--updated-date-definition"><phoenix-timeago><time itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2018-08-31T20:56:07-04:00" title="2018-09-01T00:56:07Z">Aug 31, 2018</time></phoenix-timeago></dd></dl><h1 class="m-detail-header--title" itemprop="headline">This 14th-Century African Emperor Remains the Richest Person in History</h1><div class="m-detail-header--dek">Forget today’s tech billionaires, the wealth of Mansa Musa of Mali was too vast to be imagined—or equaled.</div><div class="m-detail-header--meta"><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd class="m-detail-header--meta-item" itemprop="author"><a class="m-detail-header--meta-author" href="/web/20190501152955/https://www.history.com/author/thad-morgan" onclick="return phoenixTrackClickEvent(this, event);" phx-track-id="Author Name" rel="author">Thad Morgan</a></dd></dl></div></div></div><p class="m-detail-header--image-meta"><span class="m-detail-header--image-attribution">Fotosearch/Getty Images</span></p></header><div class="m-detail--contents"><section class="l-grid lm-grid--detail lm-grid--with-right-rail" itemprop="articleBody"><div class="l-grid--content-body"><div class="m-detail--abstract">Forget today’s tech billionaires, the wealth of Mansa Musa of Mali was too vast to be imagined—or equaled.</div><section class="m-social mm-social--below-header"><ul><li class="m-social--facebook"><a class="m-icon-button m-social--button" aria-label="facebook" rel="noopener" onclick="window.open('https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fwho-was-the-richest-man-in-history-mansa-musa', 'socialSharefacebook', 'width=500,height=500', 'noopener');return phoenixTrackClickEvent(this, event);" phx-track-id="Link facebook" phoenix-adobe-tracker="{"linkName":"Social Share","trackId":"Facebook","trackVars":"eVar13,eVar63,events"}"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg m-icon-button--icon" icon="ico_facebook"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_facebook"></use></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback></a></li><li class="m-social--twitter"><a class="m-icon-button m-social--button" aria-label="twitter" rel="noopener" onclick="window.open('https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fwho-was-the-richest-man-in-history-mansa-musa', 'socialSharetwitter', 'width=500,height=500', 'noopener');return phoenixTrackClickEvent(this, event);" phx-track-id="Link twitter" phoenix-adobe-tracker="{"linkName":"Social 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onclick="window.open('https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fwho-was-the-richest-man-in-history-mansa-musa&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2F.image%2Ft_share%2FMTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2MjcwNTM3%2Fgettyimages-96776490-edit-2.jpg&description=This%2014th-Century%20African%20Emperor%20Remains%20the%20Richest%20Person%20in%20History.%20Forget%20today%E2%80%99s%20tech%20billionaires%2C%20the%20wealth%20of%20Mansa%20Musa%20of%20Mali%20was%20too%20vast%20to%20be%20imagined%E2%80%94or%20equaled.', 'socialSharepinterest', 'width=500,height=500', 'noopener');return phoenixTrackClickEvent(this, event);" phx-track-id="Link pinterest" phoenix-adobe-tracker="{"linkName":"Social Share","trackId":"Pinterest","trackVars":"eVar13,eVar63,events"}"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg m-icon-button--icon" icon="ico_pinterest"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_pinterest"></use></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback></a></li><li class="m-social--print"><a class="m-icon-button m-social--button" aria-label="print" href="javascript:window.print()" onclick="return phoenixTrackClickEvent(this, event);" role="button" phx-track-id="Link print"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg m-icon-button--icon" icon="ico_print"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_print"></use></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback></a></li></ul></section><div class="m-detail--sponsor"></div><div class="m-detail--body"><p>In the vast fictional universe of Marvel Comics, T’Challa, better known as <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/http://www.history.com/news/the-real-history-behind-the-black-panther">Black Panther</a>, is not only king of Wakanda, he’s also the richest superhero of them all. And although today’s fight for the title of wealthiest person alive involves a tug-of-war between billionaire CEOs, the wealthiest person in history, Mansa Musa, has more in common with Marvel’s first black superhero.</p><aside class="m-in-content-ad-row l-inline not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d"><div class="m-header-ad not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d" data-class-rules="[]" data-ad-group="header-0"><div class="m-header-ad--slot is-placeholder not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d"><div id="ad-a45f1c72e3a3450d865b1c59ed2397e5"></div></div></div></aside><p>Musa became ruler of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/https://www.history.com/news/history-lists/7-influential-african-empires">Mali Empire</a> in 1312, taking the throne after his predecessor, Abu-Bakr II, for whom he’d served as deputy, went missing on a voyage he took by sea to find the edge of the Atlantic Ocean. Musa’s rule came at a time when European nations were struggling due to raging civil wars and a lack of resources. During that period, the Mali Empire flourished thanks to ample natural resources like gold and salt.</p><p>And under the rule of Musa, the prosperous empire grew to span a sizeable portion of West Africa, from the Atlantic coast to the inland trading hub of Timbuktu and parts of the Sahara Desert. As the territory grew while Musa was on the throne, so did the economic standing of its citizens.</p><aside class="m-in-content-ad-row l-inline not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d is-outstream"><div class="m-in-content-ad not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d" data-class-rules="[{"sizes":["0x0"],"classes":["m-advertisement--fluid-card"]}]" data-ad-group="outstream-0"><header class="m-ad-outstream--header"><div class="m-ad-outstream--legend"><span>ADVERTISEMENT</span></div></header><phoenix-ad-outstream class="m-ad-outstream" id="ad-32e5cff6163d4da1a1f3130ab18b80d4"><section class="m-ad-outstream--content"><div class="m-ad-outstream--player"><button class="m-ad-outstream--mute-toggle"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg m-ad-outstream--unmute-icon" icon="ico_unmute"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_unmute"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg m-ad-outstream--mute-icon" icon="ico_mute"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_mute"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback></button></div><div class="m-ad-outstream--endcard m-ad-outstream--cta"><span>Thanks for watching!</span><button class="m-ad-outstream--cta-button"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg" icon="ico_social_share"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_social_share"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback><span>Visit Website</span></button></div><button class="m-ad-outstream--endcard m-ad-outstream--close-btn"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg" icon="ico_close"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_close"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback></button></section></phoenix-ad-outstream><div class="m-in-content-ad--slot not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d"><div class="m-ad-outstream--fallback" id="ad-57e9c9211a974a74bcec17e43506f415" data-outstream-slot-id="ad-32e5cff6163d4da1a1f3130ab18b80d4"></div></div></div></aside><p>It wasn’t until 1324 that the world outside of Mali’s border would get a glimpse of the king’s expansive wealth. A devout <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/https://www.history.com/topics/islam">Muslim</a> in a majority Muslim community, Musa set off on a journey to Mecca for his Hajj pilgrimage. But the king didn’t travel by himself.</p><div class="m-detail--body-item"><figure class="l-breakout tml-image m-detail--tml-image--breakout" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"><phoenix-picture><a><picture class="is-waiting-to-load"><source type="image/webp" sizes="(min-width: 1240px) 860px, (min-width: 675px) 620px, calc(100vw - 40px)" data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_380/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz/image-placeholder-title.webp 380w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_620/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz/image-placeholder-title.webp 620w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_700/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz/image-placeholder-title.webp 700w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_860/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz/image-placeholder-title.webp 860w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1200/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz/image-placeholder-title.webp 1200w"><source sizes="(min-width: 1240px) 860px, (min-width: 675px) 620px, calc(100vw - 40px)" data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_380/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz/image-placeholder-title.jpg 380w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_620/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz/image-placeholder-title.jpg 620w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_700/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz/image-placeholder-title.jpg 700w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_860/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz/image-placeholder-title.jpg 860w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1200/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz/image-placeholder-title.jpg 1200w"><img class="m-detail--tml-image m-image" alt="Mansa Musa on his way to Mecca. (Credit: Print Collector/Getty Images)" decoding="async" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/t_share/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz/image-placeholder-title.jpg" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_860/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz/image-placeholder-title.jpg" height="875" width="1200" srcset="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" itemprop="contentUrl url"></picture></a><div class="m-detail--tml-image-wrapper" style="max-width:1200px; min-width:0px;"><div class="m-detail--tml-image-container" style="padding-top: 73%"><button class="m-social--pinterest-pin-it" onclick="javascript:window.open('https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fwho-was-the-richest-man-in-history-mansa-musa&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2F.image%2Ft_share%2FMTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ2OTkxNDMz%2Fimage-placeholder-title.jpg','pin'+new Date().getTime(),'status=no,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,personalbar=no,directories=no,location=no,toolbar=no,menubar=no,width=632,height=270,left=0,top=0');"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg" icon="pinterest-pin-it"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#pinterest-pin-it"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback></button></div></div></phoenix-picture><figcaption><p class="tml-image--caption" itemprop="caption">Mansa Musa on his way to Mecca. (Credit: Print Collector/Getty Images)</p></figcaption></figure></div><aside class="m-in-content-ad-row l-inline not-size-a not-size-b is-outstream"><div class="m-in-content-ad not-size-a not-size-b" data-class-rules="[{"sizes":["970x250"],"classes":["is-970x250"]},{"sizes":["728x90"],"classes":["is-728x90"]},{"sizes":["0x0"],"classes":["m-advertisement--fluid-card"]}]" data-ad-group="outstream-0"><header class="m-ad-outstream--header"><div class="m-ad-outstream--legend"><span>ADVERTISEMENT</span></div></header><phoenix-ad-outstream class="m-ad-outstream" id="ad-71a2aebb960f4001b519498e258dca56"><section class="m-ad-outstream--content"><div class="m-ad-outstream--player"><button class="m-ad-outstream--mute-toggle"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg m-ad-outstream--unmute-icon" icon="ico_unmute"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_unmute"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg m-ad-outstream--mute-icon" icon="ico_mute"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_mute"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback></button></div><div class="m-ad-outstream--endcard m-ad-outstream--cta"><span>Thanks for watching!</span><button class="m-ad-outstream--cta-button"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg" icon="ico_social_share"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_social_share"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback><span>Visit Website</span></button></div><button class="m-ad-outstream--endcard m-ad-outstream--close-btn"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg" icon="ico_close"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_close"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback></button></section></phoenix-ad-outstream><div class="m-in-content-ad--slot not-size-a not-size-b"><div class="m-ad-outstream--fallback" id="ad-7aa0ff5a144b4a9cbe8ef82962a7c2ed" data-outstream-slot-id="ad-71a2aebb960f4001b519498e258dca56"></div></div></div></aside><aside class="m-in-content-ad-row l-inline not-size-a not-size-c not-size-d is-outstream"><div class="m-in-content-ad not-size-a not-size-c not-size-d" data-class-rules="[{"sizes":["728x90"],"classes":["is-728x90"]},{"sizes":["0x0"],"classes":["m-advertisement--fluid-card"]}]" data-ad-group="outstream-0"><header class="m-ad-outstream--header"><div class="m-ad-outstream--legend"><span>ADVERTISEMENT</span></div></header><phoenix-ad-outstream class="m-ad-outstream" id="ad-de13ab65a78141049c341544dd5c2206"><section class="m-ad-outstream--content"><div class="m-ad-outstream--player"><button class="m-ad-outstream--mute-toggle"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg m-ad-outstream--unmute-icon" icon="ico_unmute"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_unmute"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg m-ad-outstream--mute-icon" icon="ico_mute"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_mute"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback></button></div><div class="m-ad-outstream--endcard m-ad-outstream--cta"><span>Thanks for watching!</span><button class="m-ad-outstream--cta-button"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg" icon="ico_social_share"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_social_share"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback><span>Visit Website</span></button></div><button class="m-ad-outstream--endcard m-ad-outstream--close-btn"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg" icon="ico_close"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#ico_close"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback></button></section></phoenix-ad-outstream><div class="m-in-content-ad--slot not-size-a not-size-c not-size-d"><div class="m-ad-outstream--fallback" id="ad-03c4b76b2a7f4b11b0b942f873fb115b" data-outstream-slot-id="ad-de13ab65a78141049c341544dd5c2206"></div></div></div></aside><p>The voyage, which would span an estimated 4,000 miles, was travelled by Musa and a caravan that included tens of thousands of soldiers, slaves and heralds, draped in Persian silk and carrying golden staffs. Although records of the exact number of people who participated in the voyage are scarce, the elaborate convoy that accompanied Musa marched alongside camels and horses carrying hundreds of pounds of gold.</p><aside class="m-in-content-ad-row l-inline not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d"><div class="m-in-content-ad not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d" data-class-rules="[{"sizes":["0x0"],"classes":["m-advertisement--fluid-card"]}]" data-ad-group="in_content-0"><div class="m-in-content-ad--slot is-placeholder not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d"><div id="ad-003545f713724148afe96e13f9a2c85b"></div></div></div></aside><p>Of course, this spectacle was noticed by residents of the territories that Musa passed through—after all, a group so massive was impossible to overlook. The impact the Malian emperor left on the Egyptian people would reverberate for more than a decade.</p><p>Arriving in Cairo, Musa’s character was put on full display during his reluctant encounter with Cairo’s ruler, al-Malik al-Nasir. According to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/http://www.bu.edu/africa/outreach/k_o_mali/" rel="noopener" onclick="return phoenixTrackClickEvent(this, event);" target="_blank">texts</a> from the ancient historian Shihab al-Umari, Musa was greeted in Cairo by a subordinate of al-Nasir, who invited him to meet with the fellow monarch. Musa declined the proposition, claiming that he was only passing through on his pilgrimage to Mecca.</p><p>The reason why soon became clear to onlookers. “I realized that the audience was repugnant to him, because he would be obliged to kiss the ground and the sultan’s hand,” said a man named emir Abu, as chronicled in the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/http://www.bu.edu/africa/outreach/k_o_mali/" rel="noopener" onclick="return phoenixTrackClickEvent(this, event);" target="_blank">documents</a>. “I continue to cajole him, and he continued to make excuses, but the sultan’s protocol demanded that I should bring him into the royal presence, so I kept on at him till he agreed.”</p><div class="m-detail--body-item m-detail--body-item-inline"><figure class="l-inline tml-image m-detail--tml-image--inline" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"><phoenix-picture><a><picture class="is-waiting-to-load"><source type="image/webp" sizes="(min-width: 1240px) 686px, (min-width: 675px) 620px, calc(100vw - 40px)" data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_380/MTU3ODc4NTk4NDIwNjY5NzY5/image-placeholder-title.webp 380w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_620/MTU3ODc4NTk4NDIwNjY5NzY5/image-placeholder-title.webp 620w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_686/MTU3ODc4NTk4NDIwNjY5NzY5/image-placeholder-title.webp 686w"><source sizes="(min-width: 1240px) 686px, (min-width: 675px) 620px, calc(100vw - 40px)" data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_380/MTU3ODc4NTk4NDIwNjY5NzY5/image-placeholder-title.jpg 380w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_620/MTU3ODc4NTk4NDIwNjY5NzY5/image-placeholder-title.jpg 620w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_686/MTU3ODc4NTk4NDIwNjY5NzY5/image-placeholder-title.jpg 686w"><img class="m-detail--tml-image m-image" alt="Mansa Musa, King of Mali. (Credit: HistoryNmoor/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 4.0)" decoding="async" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/t_share/MTU3ODc4NTk4NDIwNjY5NzY5/image-placeholder-title.jpg" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_700/MTU3ODc4NTk4NDIwNjY5NzY5/image-placeholder-title.jpg" height="385" width="686" srcset="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" itemprop="contentUrl url"></picture></a><div class="m-detail--tml-image-wrapper" style="max-width:686px; min-width:0px;"><div class="m-detail--tml-image-container" style="padding-top: 57%"><button class="m-social--pinterest-pin-it" onclick="javascript:window.open('https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fwho-was-the-richest-man-in-history-mansa-musa&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2F.image%2Ft_share%2FMTU3ODc4NTk4NDIwNjY5NzY5%2Fimage-placeholder-title.jpg','pin'+new Date().getTime(),'status=no,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,personalbar=no,directories=no,location=no,toolbar=no,menubar=no,width=632,height=270,left=0,top=0');"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg" icon="pinterest-pin-it"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#pinterest-pin-it"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback></button></div></div></phoenix-picture><figcaption><p class="tml-image--caption" itemprop="caption">Mansa Musa, King of Mali. (Credit: HistoryNmoor/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 4.0)</p></figcaption></figure></div><aside class="m-in-content-ad-row l-inline not-size-a not-size-b"><div class="m-in-content-ad not-size-a not-size-b" data-class-rules="[{"sizes":["970x250"],"classes":["is-970x250"]},{"sizes":["728x90"],"classes":["is-728x90"]},{"sizes":["0x0"],"classes":["m-advertisement--fluid-card"]}]" data-ad-group="in_content-0"><div class="m-in-content-ad--slot is-placeholder not-size-a not-size-b"><div id="ad-113782dec796471284c56c63ca99038a"></div></div></div></aside><aside class="m-in-content-ad-row l-inline not-size-a not-size-c not-size-d"><div class="m-in-content-ad not-size-a not-size-c not-size-d" data-class-rules="[{"sizes":["728x90"],"classes":["is-728x90"]},{"sizes":["0x0"],"classes":["m-advertisement--fluid-card"]}]" data-ad-group="in_content-0"><div class="m-in-content-ad--slot is-placeholder not-size-a not-size-c not-size-d"><div id="ad-a84305f1ae064bd7b5e25c05f27d24c1"></div></div></div></aside><p>The meeting grew contentious when Musa refused to kiss the feet of the sultan, and only turned calm after Musa elected to properly greet al-Nasir. Following a conversation between the two men, al-Nasir offered lodging to Musa and everyone accompanying him, and Musa, in turn, left a piece of his incomprehensible wealth in Egypt.</p><aside class="m-in-content-ad-row l-inline not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d"><div class="m-in-content-ad not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d" data-class-rules="[{"sizes":["0x0"],"classes":["m-advertisement--fluid-card"]}]" data-ad-group="in_content-1"><div class="m-in-content-ad--slot is-placeholder not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d"><div id="ad-bf97df319d064b5eab9fdc8a3729d837"></div></div></div></aside><p>From the markets of Cairo to royal offices to the impoverished people that crossed his path in Egypt, Musa’s generosity and purchase of foreign goods left the streets littered with gold—a resource that was greatly appreciated and in short supply. The people were thrilled—at least at first. Though well-intentioned, Musa’s gifts of gold actually depreciated the value of the metal in Egypt, and the economy took a major hit. It took 12 years for the community to recover.</p><p>But the king’s trip wasn’t all about giving. On his voyage, he acquired the territory of Gao within the Songhai kingdom, extending his territory to the southern edge of the Sahara Desert along the Niger River. He would go on to have an empire that spanned several territories, including current-day Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Mauritania, in addition to Mali.</p><div class="m-detail--body-item m-detail--body-item-inline"><figure class="l-inline tml-image m-detail--tml-image--inline" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"><phoenix-picture><a><picture class="is-waiting-to-load"><source type="image/webp" sizes="(min-width: 1240px) 700px, (min-width: 675px) 620px, calc(100vw - 40px)" data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_380/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ4NzYwOTA1/image-placeholder-title.webp 380w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_620/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ4NzYwOTA1/image-placeholder-title.webp 620w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_700/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ4NzYwOTA1/image-placeholder-title.webp 700w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1200/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ4NzYwOTA1/image-placeholder-title.webp 1200w"><source sizes="(min-width: 1240px) 700px, (min-width: 675px) 620px, calc(100vw - 40px)" data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_380/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ4NzYwOTA1/image-placeholder-title.jpg 380w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_620/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ4NzYwOTA1/image-placeholder-title.jpg 620w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_700/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ4NzYwOTA1/image-placeholder-title.jpg 700w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_1200/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ4NzYwOTA1/image-placeholder-title.jpg 1200w"><img class="m-detail--tml-image m-image" alt="The Djinguereber Mosque. (Credit: Marka/UIG via Getty Images)" decoding="async" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/.image/t_share/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ4NzYwOTA1/image-placeholder-title.jpg" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_700/MTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ4NzYwOTA1/image-placeholder-title.jpg" height="675" width="1200" srcset="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" itemprop="contentUrl url"></picture></a><div class="m-detail--tml-image-wrapper" style="max-width:1200px; min-width:0px;"><div class="m-detail--tml-image-container" style="padding-top: 57%"><button class="m-social--pinterest-pin-it" onclick="javascript:window.open('https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fwho-was-the-richest-man-in-history-mansa-musa&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2F.image%2Ft_share%2FMTU3ODc4NTk4MTQ4NzYwOTA1%2Fimage-placeholder-title.jpg','pin'+new Date().getTime(),'status=no,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,personalbar=no,directories=no,location=no,toolbar=no,menubar=no,width=632,height=270,left=0,top=0');"><phoenix-icon-fallback class="m-svg" icon="pinterest-pin-it"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20190501152955im_/https://www.history.com/assets-global/icons/svg-sprite.svg?v=2019-04-30-180624-a8376ce-013267#pinterest-pin-it"/></svg></phoenix-icon-fallback></button></div></div></phoenix-picture><figcaption><p class="tml-image--caption" itemprop="caption">The Djinguereber Mosque. (Credit: Marka/UIG via Getty Images)</p></figcaption></figure></div><p>However, Gao would be of special importance to the king. This territory, in today’s Mali, is where Musa would build one of several mosques after completing his Hajj. Timbuktu was also an important city for the affluent king, who used his wealth to build schools, universities, libraries, and mosques there. The burgeoning trading hub was where Musa commissioned the Djinguereber Mosque, a famed place built of mudbrick and wood that has stood the test of time, remaining active for more than 500 years.</p><aside class="m-in-content-ad-row l-inline not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d"><div class="m-in-content-ad not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d" data-class-rules="[{"sizes":["0x0"],"classes":["m-advertisement--fluid-card"]}]" data-ad-group="in_content-2"><div class="m-in-content-ad--slot is-placeholder not-size-b not-size-c not-size-d"><div id="ad-2e6beb3bb7614f57915aa7ed55ed9eeb"></div></div></div></aside><p>Word of Musa’s wealth and influence only spread beyond Africa after his voyage to Mecca. Tales of his enormous convoy and generosity continued to be passed on long after his death, which is believed to have taken place sometime between 1332 and 1337. By the late 14th century, Musa had been drawn in the 1375 Catalan Atlas, an important resource for navigators of Medieval Europe. Created by Spanish cartographer Abraham Cresques, the atlas depicted Musa sitting on a throne with a gold scepter and crown, holding a gold nugget.</p><p>From the abundance of natural resources he cultivated to the growth and development of communities that he left behind, Musa has a legend that could give the fictional Black Panther a run for his money. As far as wealth goes, it is nearly impossible to quantify the riches that Musa had during his lifetime. The vastness of Musa’s land and material holdings, University of Michigan associate history professor Rudolph Ware <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152955/http://time.com/money/3977798/the-10-richest-people-of-all-time-2/" rel="noopener" onclick="return phoenixTrackClickEvent(this, event);" target="_blank">explained in <em>Time</em></a>, seems downright incomprehensible today: “Imagine as much gold as you think a human being could possess and double it, that’s what all the accounts are trying to communicate,” he said. “This is the richest guy anyone has ever seen.”</p></div><div class="m-detail--blockthrough-ads"><span class="bt-uid-tg" uid="5b9a9071f7-168" style="display: none !important"></span></div><div class="m-detail--sponsor"></div><footer class="m-detail--footer"><div class="m-detail--meta"><dl><dt class="m-detail--label">Tags</dt><dt>terms:</dt><dd class="m-detail--keywords" itemprop="keywords"><a 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