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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etimologi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Sejarah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Politik </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Togol subbahagian Politik </button> <ul id="toc-Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kerajaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerajaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Kerajaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kerajaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kerajaan_Sarawak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerajaan_Sarawak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Kerajaan Sarawak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kerajaan_Sarawak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senarai_TYT_Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_Sarawak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senarai_TYT_Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_Sarawak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Senarai TYT Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senarai_TYT_Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_Sarawak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senarai_daerah_di_Sarawak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senarai_daerah_di_Sarawak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Senarai daerah di Sarawak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senarai_daerah_di_Sarawak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keselamatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keselamatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Keselamatan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Keselamatan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Togol subbahagian Keselamatan </button> <ul id="toc-Keselamatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pertikaian_wilayah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pertikaian_wilayah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Pertikaian wilayah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pertikaian_wilayah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alam_sekitar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alam_sekitar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Alam sekitar </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alam_sekitar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Togol subbahagian Alam sekitar </button> <ul id="toc-Alam_sekitar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Geografi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Biodiversiti </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Isu_pemuliharaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isu_pemuliharaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Isu pemuliharaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isu_pemuliharaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Ekonomi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Togol subbahagian Ekonomi </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kewangan_dan_Institusi_Perbankan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kewangan_dan_Institusi_Perbankan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Kewangan dan Institusi Perbankan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kewangan_dan_Institusi_Perbankan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenaga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenaga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Tenaga </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenaga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pelancongan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pelancongan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Pelancongan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pelancongan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrasktruktur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrasktruktur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Infrasktruktur </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrasktruktur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Togol subbahagian Infrasktruktur </button> <ul id="toc-Infrasktruktur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bekalan_Elektrik_dan_Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bekalan_Elektrik_dan_Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Bekalan Elektrik dan Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bekalan_Elektrik_dan_Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telekomunikasi_dan_Liputan_Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telekomunikasi_dan_Liputan_Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Telekomunikasi dan Liputan Internet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telekomunikasi_dan_Liputan_Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_dan_Penyiaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_dan_Penyiaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Media dan Penyiaran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_dan_Penyiaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengangkutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengangkutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Pengangkutan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengangkutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pelabuhan_dan_Perkapalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pelabuhan_dan_Perkapalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Pelabuhan dan Perkapalan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pelabuhan_dan_Perkapalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penjagaan_Kesihatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penjagaan_Kesihatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Penjagaan Kesihatan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penjagaan_Kesihatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendidikan_dan_Pengajian_Tinggi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendidikan_dan_Pengajian_Tinggi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Pendidikan dan Pengajian Tinggi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendidikan_dan_Pengajian_Tinggi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Demografi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Togol subbahagian Demografi </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kumpulan_etnik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kumpulan_etnik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Kumpulan etnik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kumpulan_etnik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Agama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Bahasa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Budaya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penduduk_terkenal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penduduk_terkenal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Penduduk terkenal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penduduk_terkenal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Catatan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Rujukan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Pautan luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Isi Kandungan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Togol isi kandungan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sarawak</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 86 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" > 86 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82" title="سراوق – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سراوق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saravak" title="Saravak – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Saravak" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serawak" title="Serawak – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Serawak" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="সারাওয়াক – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সারাওয়াক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak,_Malaysia" title="Sarawak, Malaysia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Sarawak, Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Саравак – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Саравак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Саравак – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Саравак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawaki_osariik" title="Sarawaki osariik – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sarawaki osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BA" title="Σαράουακ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαράουακ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saravako" title="Saravako – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Saravako" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="ساراواک – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساراواک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%99%81%EC%A3%BC" title="사라왁주 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사라왁주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Սարավակ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սարավակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="सारावाक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सारावाक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Саравак – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Саравак" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A7" title="סראוואק – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סראוואק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="სარავაკი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სარავაკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saravaka" title="Saravaka – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Saravaka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saravakas" title="Saravakas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Saravakas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Саравак – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Саравак" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="സാരവാക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാരവാക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="सारावाक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सारावाक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82" title="سراوق – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سراوق" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83-l%C4%83k-u%C5%8Fk" title="Să-lăk-uŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Să-lăk-uŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9D%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဆာရာဝပ်ပြည်နယ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆာရာဝပ်ပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak_(staat)" title="Sarawak (staat) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sarawak (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AF%E3%82%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="サラワク州 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サラワク州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak_(Bundesstoot)" title="Sarawak (Bundesstoot) – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sarawak (Bundesstoot)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saravak" title="Saravak – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Saravak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B" title="សារ៉ាវ៉ាក់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សារ៉ាវ៉ាក់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%82%83%E1%80%9B%E1%82%83%E1%80%9D%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="သႃရႃဝၵ်ႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="သႃရႃဝၵ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarauaque" title="Sarauaque – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sarauaque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak_suyu" title="Sarawak suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sarawak suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Саравак – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Саравак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Саравак – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Саравак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="சரவாக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சரவாக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="รัฐซาราวัก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐซาราวัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saravak" title="Saravak – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Saravak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Саравак – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Саравак" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="سراواک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سراواک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A" title="砂拉越 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="砂拉越" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%92%88%E8%B6%8A" title="沙撈越 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="沙撈越" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A" title="砂拉越 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="砂拉越" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bajau Sama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rencana_pilihan" title="Rencana ini ialah rencana pilihan. Klik di sini untuk maklumat lanjut."><img alt="Rencana pilihan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Polisi_perlindungan#separuh" title="rencana ini separuh dilindungi disebabkan oleh vandalisme"><img alt="Laman separuh dilindungi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana ini mengenai wilayah atau negeri di <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. Untuk sungai, sila lihat <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Sarawak" title="Sungai Sarawak">Sungai Sarawak</a>. Untuk kapal, sila lihat <a href="/wiki/HMS_Sarawak_(K591)" title="HMS Sarawak (K591)">HMS Sarawak (K591)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6373580">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Sarawak سراوق ꤼꤽꥀꥒ</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Negeri_di_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negeri di Malaysia">Negeri</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Wilayah Sarawak</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><div style="display:table; width:100%; background:none;"> <div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flag_of_Sarawak.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Sarawak سراوق ꤼꤽꥀꥒ"><img alt="Bendera wilayah Sarawak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/120px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/180px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/240px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Sarawak" title="Bendera Sarawak">Bendera</a></div></div><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jata Sarawak سراوق ꤼꤽꥀꥒ"><img alt="Jata wilayah Sarawak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg/94px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="94" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg/141px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg/187px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="384" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Jata_Sarawak" title="Jata Sarawak">Jata</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nama panggilan: Bumi Kenyalang<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Cogan kata: Bersatu, Berusaha, Berbakti</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Lagu: <a href="/wiki/Ibu_Pertiwiku" title="Ibu Pertiwiku">Ibu Pertiwiku</a> <a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sarawak_in_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Sarawak_in_Malaysia.svg/250px-Sarawak_in_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Sarawak_in_Malaysia.svg/375px-Sarawak_in_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Sarawak_in_Malaysia.svg/500px-Sarawak_in_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="457" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5537384">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>   Sarawak di <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" />   <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Koordinat: <a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sarawak&params=2_48_N_113_53_E_type:city(2939785)_region:MY">2°48′N 113°53′E / 2.800°N 113.883°E / 2.800; 113.883</a><a href="/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi">Koordinat</a>: <a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sarawak&params=2_48_N_113_53_E_type:city(2939785)_region:MY">2°48′N 113°53′E / 2.800°N 113.883°E / 2.800; 113.883</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ibu Kota</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_di_Malaysia" title="Bahagian di Malaysia">Bahagian</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"><div>Senarai</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Betong" title="Betong">Betong</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bintulu" title="Bintulu">Bintulu</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kapit" title="Kapit">Kapit</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Limbang" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbang">Limbang</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Miri" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri">Miri</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mukah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukah">Mukah</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Samarahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarahan">Samarahan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sarikei" title="Sarikei">Sarikei</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Serian" title="Serian">Serian</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sibu" title="Sibu">Sibu</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Aman">Sri Aman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Pentadbiran<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak">Yang di-Pertua Negeri</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wan_Junaidi_Tuanku_Jaafar" title="Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar">Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Premier_Sarawak" title="Premier Sarawak">Premier</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abang_Johari_Openg" class="mw-redirect" title="Abang Johari Openg">Abang Johari Openg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">GPS</a>-<a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu_Sarawak" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu Sarawak">PBB</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Keluasan<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-State_Planning_Unit_stats-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Jumlah</th><td class="infobox-data">124,450 km2 (48,050 batu persegi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Penduduk<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2024)<a href="#cite_note-2015_population-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Jumlah</th><td class="infobox-data">2,939,785</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Kepadatan</th><td class="infobox-data">24/km2 (61/batu persegi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Demonim</th><td class="infobox-data">Rakyat Sarawak</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (HDI)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • HDI (2023)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.824</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zon_waktu" title="Zon waktu">Zon waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Piawai_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Waktu Piawai Malaysia">MST</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_poskod_di_Malaysia" title="Senarai poskod di Malaysia">Poskod</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">93xxx<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> kr 98xxx<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nombor_telefon_di_Malaysia" title="Nombor telefon di Malaysia">Kod panggilan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">082 hingga 086<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">Kod ISO 3166</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">K (MY-13, 50–53)<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Plat_pendaftaran_kenderaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Plat pendaftaran kenderaan">Pendaftaran kenderaan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">QA hingga QT<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hari_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari Sarawak">Kerajaan sendiri</a></th><td class="infobox-data">22 Julai 1963<a href="#cite_note-Porritt1997-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mathews2014-14">[14]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Malaysia" title="Perjanjian Malaysia">Perjanjian Malaysia</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 September 1963</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Laman sesawang</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6405196">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em 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0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sarawak.gov.my/">"Official Portal of the Sarawak Government"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Portal+of+the+Sarawak+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsarawak.gov.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" 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.script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}</style>سراوق‎‎) dikenali juga Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang (سراوق بومي کڽالڠ) merupakan wilayah yang terbesar di <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. Sebelum pembentukan Persekutuan Malaysia, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> bebas dari <a href="/wiki/Kolonial_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolonial British">kolonial British</a> pada 22 Julai 1963. Pada peringkat awalnya, Sarawak merupakan sebuah wilayah yang bergabung bersama-sama <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> (dahulu dikenali Borneo Utara), <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Persekutuan_Tanah_Melayu" title="Persekutuan Tanah Melayu">Tanah Melayu</a> (kini dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Malaysia" title="Semenanjung Malaysia">Semenanjung Malaysia</a>) membentuk Persekutuan Malaysia pada 16 September 1963. Akibat masalah ekonomi dan politik, idea penggabungan diterima oleh masyarakat Sarawak. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> memiliki kawasan yang terbesar di Malaysia. Wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan</a>, dan wilayah <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> juga dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Timur" title="Malaysia Timur">Malaysia Timur</a> (boleh juga disebut sebagai <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysia Borneo">Malaysia Borneo</a>).<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Penghunian manusia yang paling awal di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> adalah di <a href="/wiki/Gua_Niah" title="Gua Niah">Gua Niah</a> bermula pada 40,000 tahun dahulu, yang juga adalah kaum orang asal Borneo sendiri. Ini berdasarkan keputusan hasil kajian ke atas tengkorak purba dan tulang paha yang berusia 40,000 dipercayai ada kaitan dengan orang asli Borneo sendiri berdasarkan hasil kajian deep skull dan tulang paha dengan orang asli wanita Iban. Malahan penemuan Tembikar Iban Nuan atau Penuan di Gua Niah Sarawak yang berusia lebih 1000 tahun juga telah membuktikan tentang Peradaban awal manusia di Pulau Borneo yang sama dengan tembikar tanah buatan Iban sendiri. Satu siri seramik Cina bertarikh dari abad ke-8 hingga ke-13 Masihi telah ditemui di tapak arkeologi <a href="/wiki/Santubong" class="mw-redirect" title="Santubong">Santubong</a>. Wilayah pesisir <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> berada di bawah pengaruh <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Brunei" title="Empayar Brunei">Empayar Brunei</a> pada abad ke-16. Pada tahun 1839, <a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a>, seorang penjelajah British, tiba di Sarawak. Beliau dan keturunannya pernah memerintah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> dari tahun 1841 hingga 1946. Semasa <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia Ke-2</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> pernah dijajah oleh <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a> selama tiga tahun. Selepas perang, <a href="/wiki/Raja_Putih_Sarawak" title="Raja Putih Sarawak">Rajah Putih</a> yang terakhir, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Vyner_Brooke" title="Charles Vyner Brooke">Charles Vyner Brooke</a>, menyerahkan Sarawak ke <a href="/wiki/Britain" class="mw-disambig" title="Britain">Britain</a>, dan pada tahun 1946 ia menjadi <a href="/wiki/Tanah_Jajahan_Mahkota_Sarawak" title="Tanah Jajahan Mahkota Sarawak">Koloni Mahkota British</a>. Pada 22 Julai 1963, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> diberikan kuasa untuk mewujudkan kerajaan sendiri oleh <a href="/wiki/British" class="mw-disambig" title="British">British</a> dan kemudiannya menjadi salah satu wilayah dalam <a href="/wiki/Persekutuan_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persekutuan Malaysia">Persekutuan Malaysia</a>, yang ditubuhkan pada 16 September 1963. Namun, persekutuan itu ditentang oleh <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Kerajaan Indonesia</a> yang membawa kepada <a href="/wiki/Konfrontasi_Indonesia-Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia">konfrontasi</a> selama tiga tahun. Penciptaan Persekutuan juga mengakibatkan pemberontakan komunis yang berlangsung hingga tahun 1990. Ketua wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> adalah Gabenor Sarawak, atau juga dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak">Yang di-Pertua Negeri</a>, manakala ketua pemerintah kerajaan <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Premier_Sarawak" title="Premier Sarawak">Premier Sarawak</a>. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wilayah Sarawak</a> dibahagikan kepada bahagian pentadbiran, dan daerah-daerah, yang dikawal oleh sebuah sistem yang dimodelkan dengan teliti pada <a href="/wiki/Sistem_Westminster" title="Sistem Westminster">sistem parlimen kerajaan United Kingdom</a> dan juga merupakan sistem perundangan yang terawal di <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. Kerana sumber semula jadinya yang besar, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> mengkhususkan dalam eksport <a href="/wiki/Minyak" title="Minyak">minyak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu">kayu</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kelapa_sawit" title="Kelapa sawit">kelapa sawit</a>. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> juga mempunyai sektor-sektor lain seperti sektor perkhidmatan (perkhidmatan awam dan swasta), sektor kewangan dan pelaburan, sektor perkilangan dan perindustrian, sektor perniagaan, sektor pembinaan (projek hartanah, perumahan, dan pembangunan bandar), sektor sumber tenaga alternatif (tenaga hidrogen, tenaga air, tenaga solar, dan tenaga geothermal), sektor pertanian moden, serta sektor pelancongan dan kebudayaan yang semakin rancak. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> mempunyai pelbagai kaum dan etnik yang sangat unik, penuh kebudayaan, dan linguistik. Ianya terdiri daripada kumpulan etnik utama termasuk <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cina" class="mw-disambig" title="Cina">Cina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melayu" class="mw-disambig" title="Melayu">Melayu</a>, Melanau, <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a>, Kenyah, Kelabit, dan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Ulu" title="Orang Ulu">Orang Ulu</a>. Kedudukan wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> adalah terletak berhampiran dengan dua buah negara serantau, iaitu <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>) dan <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Darussalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei Darussalam">Brunei Darussalam</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">Bahasa Inggeris</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu" title="Bahasa Melayu">Bahasa Melayu</a> adalah merupakan bahasa rasmi bagi wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, manakala <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Iban" title="Bahasa Iban">Bahasa Iban</a> merupakan bahasa dialek majoriti masyarakat setempat di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> juga adalah satu-satunya wilayah yang tidak mempunyai agama rasminya sendiri. Ini kerana wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> masih mengamalkan kebebasan beragama sepenuhnya bagi agama-agama lain seperti <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme">Taoisme</a>, dan lain-lain. Pada masa yang sama, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> masih mengamalkan semangat perpaduan kaum dan pengukuhan budaya yang utuh tanpa sebarang masalah dalam kehidupan seharian. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Identiti_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Identiti Sarawak (laman tidak wujud)">Identiti Sarawak</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Buceros_rhinoceros_-Kuala_Lumpur_Bird_Park,_Malaysia-8a_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Buceros_rhinoceros_-Kuala_Lumpur_Bird_Park%2C_Malaysia-8a_%281%29.jpg/220px-Buceros_rhinoceros_-Kuala_Lumpur_Bird_Park%2C_Malaysia-8a_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Buceros_rhinoceros_-Kuala_Lumpur_Bird_Park%2C_Malaysia-8a_%281%29.jpg/330px-Buceros_rhinoceros_-Kuala_Lumpur_Bird_Park%2C_Malaysia-8a_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Buceros_rhinoceros_-Kuala_Lumpur_Bird_Park%2C_Malaysia-8a_%281%29.jpg/440px-Buceros_rhinoceros_-Kuala_Lumpur_Bird_Park%2C_Malaysia-8a_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>Burung enggang badak (Buceros rhinoceros) adalah burung rasmi wilayah Sarawak.</figcaption></figure> Penjelasan yang diterima umum dari nama negara adalah bahawa ia berasal dari perkataan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu_Sarawak" title="Bahasa Melayu Sarawak">Melayu Sarawak</a> serawak, yang bermaksud <a href="/wiki/Antimoni" title="Antimoni">antimoni</a>. Penjelasan alternatif yang popular adalah penguncupan empat kata Melayu yang kononnya diucapkan oleh Pangeran Muda Hashim (paman kepada <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Sultan Brunei</a>), "Saya serah pada awak", ketika beliau memberikan Sarawak kepada James Brooke, seorang penjelajah Inggeris pada tahun 1841. <a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a> kemudian menjadi yang pertama dari dinasti Rajah Putih untuk mengawal Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Walau bagaimanapun, penjelasan yang kedua adalah tidak betul: wilayah itu telah pun dinamakan Sarawak sebelum ketibaan <a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a>, dan perkataan awak itu bukan dalam perbendaharaan kata Bahasa Melayu Sarawak sebelum pembentukan Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Sarawak digelar Bumi Kenyalang. Burung-burung ini adalah simbol-simbol budaya yang penting bagi masyarakat <a href="/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak">Dayak</a>, yang mewakili semangat Tuhan. Ia juga dipercayai bahawa jika sebuah tanduk kelihatan terbang di atas kediaman, ia akan membawa nasib baik kepada masyarakat setempat. Sarawak mempunyai lapan daripada lima puluh empat spesis tanduk di dunia, dan Burung Enggang Badak adalah burung rasmi wilayah Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat juga: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Sarawak" title="Sejarah Sarawak">Sejarah Sarawak</a></div> <div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:23em; ; font-size: 100%; background-color: #B0C4DE;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4920641">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{margin:0.5em auto 0.8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft p,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright p{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{background-color:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;font-size:larger;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:360px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{min-width:100%;margin:0 0 0.8em!important;float:none!important}}</style> <div class="quotebox-title" style="background-color: #B0C4DE;">Sejarah asal Kerajaan Sarawak</div> <div class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Brunei" title="Empayar Brunei">Kerajaan Kesultanan Brunei</a> ( Abad ke-15 – 1841) <a href="#cite_note-srwk-20">[20]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Sarawak" title="Kerajaan Sarawak">Kerajaan Sarawak Pertama</a> (1841 – 1941) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Jepun" title="Empayar Jepun">Empayar Jepun</a> (1942 – 1945) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Sarawak" title="Kerajaan Sarawak">Kerajaan Sarawak Kedua</a> (1945 – 1946 (kerajaan interim British Australia)) ; (1963 – 1973) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Sarawak_%281947%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sarawak_%281947%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Sarawak_%281947%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sarawak_%281947%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Sarawak_%281947%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sarawak_%281947%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanah_Jajahan_Mahkota_Sarawak" title="Tanah Jajahan Mahkota Sarawak">Tanah Jajahan Mahkota Sarawak</a> (1946 – 1963) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> (1963 – kini)</div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Edward_Augustus_Inglefield_West_view_of_the_river_from_Anchorage_off_Sarawak_Borneo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edward_Augustus_Inglefield_West_view_of_the_river_from_Anchorage_off_Sarawak_Borneo.jpg/220px-Edward_Augustus_Inglefield_West_view_of_the_river_from_Anchorage_off_Sarawak_Borneo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edward_Augustus_Inglefield_West_view_of_the_river_from_Anchorage_off_Sarawak_Borneo.jpg/330px-Edward_Augustus_Inglefield_West_view_of_the_river_from_Anchorage_off_Sarawak_Borneo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edward_Augustus_Inglefield_West_view_of_the_river_from_Anchorage_off_Sarawak_Borneo.jpg/440px-Edward_Augustus_Inglefield_West_view_of_the_river_from_Anchorage_off_Sarawak_Borneo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>Pandangan sungai dari pelabuhan di Sarawak, Borneo, oleh Edward Inglefield, mungkin ketika brliau seorang leftenan di HMS Samarang sekitar 1843</figcaption></figure> Diketahui bahawa adanya penduduk yang tinggal di sekitar mulut barat <a href="/wiki/Gua_Niah" title="Gua Niah">Gua Niah</a> (terletak 110 kilometer di barat daya <a href="/wiki/Miri" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri">Miri</a>) 40,000 tahun yang lalu.<a href="#cite_note-Sarawakforestry-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-worldarcheology-22">[22]</a> Tengkorak manusia moden yang terdapat berhampiran Gua Niah adalah manusia tertua yang masih terdapat di Malaysia dan tengkorak manusia moden yang tertua dari Asia Tenggara.<a href="#cite_note-Sarawakforestry-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-worldarcheology-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Seramik Cina yang berasal dari dinasti Tang dan Song (8 hingga 13 abad Masihi, masing-masing) ditemui di Santubong (berhampiran <a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a>) yang menandakan kepentingannya sebagai pelabuhan.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Brunei" title="Empayar Brunei">Empayar Brunei</a> ditubuhkan di kawasan pesisir Sarawak pada pertengahan abad ke-15,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> dan kawasan Kuching dikenali oleh kartografer Portugis semasa abad ke-16 sebagai Cerava, salah satu daripada lima pelabuhan besar Borneo.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Menjelang abad ke-19, Empayar Brunei semakin menurun, mengekalkan pegangan kecil di sepanjang kawasan pantai di Sarawak yang dikawal oleh pemimpin <a href="/wiki/Melayu" class="mw-disambig" title="Melayu">Melayu</a> separuh bebas. Jauh dari pantai, perang wilayah berlaku antara <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> dan persekutuan <a href="/wiki/Kenyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyah">Kenyah</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kayan" title="Kayan">Kayan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fairlandsarawak-29">[29]</a> Penemuan bijih antimoni di rantau Kuching yang membawa Pangeran Indera Mahkota, wakil Sultan Brunei, untuk meningkatkan pembangunan di wilayah antara 1824 dan 1830. Peningkatan pengeluaran antimoni di rantau ini menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesultanan Brunei">Kesultanan Brunei</a> menuntut cukai yang lebih tinggi, yang akhirnya Membawa kepada pergolakan awam.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Pada tahun 1839, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_II" title="Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II">Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II</a> (1827-1852) menugaskan pamannya, Pengiran Muda Hashim untuk memulihkan ketertiban, tetapi ketidakupayaan Pengiran Muda Hashim untuk melakukan itu menyebabkan beliau meminta bantuan pelaut British, <a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a>. Kejayaan Brooke dalam menghancurkan pemberontakan itu dihadiahi dengan antimoni, harta dan gabenor Sarawak, yang pada masa itu hanya terdiri daripada kawasan kecil yang berpusat di Kuching.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sir_James_Brooke_(1847)_by_Francis_Grant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brooke painted by Francis Grant, standing next to a rock in front of a tropical landscape" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sir_James_Brooke_%281847%29_by_Francis_Grant.jpg/250px-Sir_James_Brooke_%281847%29_by_Francis_Grant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sir_James_Brooke_%281847%29_by_Francis_Grant.jpg/330px-Sir_James_Brooke_%281847%29_by_Francis_Grant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sir_James_Brooke_%281847%29_by_Francis_Grant.jpg/500px-Sir_James_Brooke_%281847%29_by_Francis_Grant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a>, Raja Putih pertama</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:The_barque_of_Rajah_of_Sarawak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_barque_of_Rajah_of_Sarawak.jpg/220px-The_barque_of_Rajah_of_Sarawak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_barque_of_Rajah_of_Sarawak.jpg/330px-The_barque_of_Rajah_of_Sarawak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_barque_of_Rajah_of_Sarawak.jpg/440px-The_barque_of_Rajah_of_Sarawak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Barque bernama Rajah of Sarawak, sebagai penghormatan kepada James Brooke, yang beroperasi di antara <a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a> di UK, Australia, dan <a href="/wiki/Hindia_Timur" title="Hindia Timur">Hindia Timur</a> dari akhir 1840-an.</figcaption></figure> Keluarga Brooke, yang kemudiannya dipanggil <a href="/wiki/Raja_Putih" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Putih">Raja Putih</a>, mula memperluaskan wilayah yang telah diserahkan kepada mereka.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Dengan perluasan ini ada perlunya tadbir urus yang cekap dan dengan itu, bermula pada tahun 1841, Sarawak dipisahkan menjadi bahagian pentadbirannya yang pertama<a href="#cite_note-The_Borneo_Post-34">[34]</a> dengan mata wang sendiri iaitu <a href="/wiki/Dolar_Sarawak" title="Dolar Sarawak">dolar Sarawak</a> mula beredar pada tahun 1858.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Pada tahun 1912, Sarawak terbahagi kepada lima bahagian. masing-masing diketuai oleh seorang Residen.<a href="#cite_note-The_Borneo_Post-34">[34]</a> Keluarga Brooke pada dasarnya mengamalkan bentuk kerajaan paternalistik dengan birokrasi yang minimum, tetapi digesa untuk menubuhkan beberapa bentuk rangka kerja undang-undang. Memandangkan mereka tidak mengetahui adat istiadat tempatan, kerajaan Brooke menubuhkan Majlis Penasihat Tertinggi yang kebanyakannya terdiri daripada ketua-ketua Melayu untuk memberi bimbingan. Majlis ini adalah dewan perundangan tertua di Malaysia, dengan mesyuarat Majlis Agung pertama yang berlangsung di <a href="/wiki/Bintulu" title="Bintulu">Bintulu</a> pada tahun 1867.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Pada tahun 1928, Pesuruhjaya Kehakiman, Thomas Stirling Boyd, dilantik sebagai hakim terlatih yang pertama. Sistem yang sama yang berkaitan dengan perkara-perkara mengenai pelbagai masyarakat Cina juga dibentuk.<a href="#cite_note-Empirenationalism-37">[37]</a> Ahli-ahli masyarakat tempatan digalakkan oleh rejim Brooke untuk menumpukan perhatian kepada fungsi-fungsi tertentu di dalam wilayah: orang-orang <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> dan orang-orang <a href="/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak">Dayak</a> lain diupah sebagai militia manakala orang Melayu terutama pentadbir. Kaum Cina, baik tempatan dan imigran, kebanyakannya bekerja di ladang,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> lombong dan sebagai birokrat.<a href="#cite_note-Empirenationalism-37">[37]</a> Usaha memperluaskan perdagangan membawa kepada pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Borneo_Company_Limited" title="Borneo Company Limited">Borneo Company Limited</a> pada tahun 1856. Syarikat itu sehingga kini masih terlibat dalam pelbagai perniagaan di Sarawak termasuk perdagangan, perbankan, pertanian, penerokaan mineral, dan pembangunan.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sarawak_territorial_expansion.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sarawak_territorial_expansion.gif/220px-Sarawak_territorial_expansion.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sarawak_territorial_expansion.gif/330px-Sarawak_territorial_expansion.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sarawak_territorial_expansion.gif/440px-Sarawak_territorial_expansion.gif 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption>Perkembangan wilayah <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Sarawak" title="Kerajaan Sarawak">Kerajaan Sarawak</a> dari tahun 1841 hingga 1905 memainkan peranan penting untuk sempadan zaman sekarang di Sarawak.</figcaption></figure> Antara tahun 1853 dan 1862, terdapat beberapa pemberontakan terhadap kerajaan Brooke tetapi semua berjaya ditampung dengan bantuan suku-suku tempatan.<a href="#cite_note-Empirenationalism-37">[37]</a> Untuk mencegah pemberontakan masa depan, serangkaian kubu dibina untuk melindungi Kuching, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Fort_Margherita" title="Fort Margherita">Fort Margherita</a>, yang siap pada tahun 1871. Pada masa itu kawalan Brooke terhadap Sarawak adalah seperti pertahanan yang tidak perlu.<a href="#cite_note-Kingdominjungle-40">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brooke" title="Charles Brooke">Charles Anthoni Brooke</a> menggantikan bapa saudaranya pada tahun 1868 sebagai <a href="/wiki/Raja_Putih" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Putih">Raja Putih</a> seterusnya. Di bawah pemerintahannya, Sarawak memperoleh Limbang dan lembah Baram dan Trusan daripada <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Brunei" title="Sultan Brunei">Sultan Brunei</a>, kemudian menjadi tanah naungan pada 1888 dengan Britain mengendalikan hal ehwal luar negeri tetapi kerajaan Brooke mengekalkan kuasa pentadbiran.<a href="#cite_note-Rough_Guides-41">[41]</a> Di dalam negeri, Brooke menubuhkan <a href="/wiki/Muzium_Sarawak" title="Muzium Sarawak">Muzium Sarawak</a>, muzium tertua di Borneo, pada tahun 1891,<a href="#cite_note-Kingdominjungle-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> dan menegakkan keamanan di <a href="/wiki/Marudi" title="Marudi">Marudi</a> dengan mengakhiri perang antara suku di sana. Pembangunan ekonomi diteruskan, dengan usaha menggali minyak dari tahun 1910 dan pembukaan Brooke Dockyard dua tahun kemudian. Anthony Brooke, yang menjadi Rajah Muda pada tahun 1939, dilahirkan pada tahun 1912.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:1943_World_War_II_Japanese_Aeronautical_Map_of_Borneo_-_Geographicus_-_Borneo12-wwii-1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/1943_World_War_II_Japanese_Aeronautical_Map_of_Borneo_-_Geographicus_-_Borneo12-wwii-1943.jpg/220px-1943_World_War_II_Japanese_Aeronautical_Map_of_Borneo_-_Geographicus_-_Borneo12-wwii-1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/1943_World_War_II_Japanese_Aeronautical_Map_of_Borneo_-_Geographicus_-_Borneo12-wwii-1943.jpg/330px-1943_World_War_II_Japanese_Aeronautical_Map_of_Borneo_-_Geographicus_-_Borneo12-wwii-1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/1943_World_War_II_Japanese_Aeronautical_Map_of_Borneo_-_Geographicus_-_Borneo12-wwii-1943.jpg/440px-1943_World_War_II_Japanese_Aeronautical_Map_of_Borneo_-_Geographicus_-_Borneo12-wwii-1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3397" /></a><figcaption>Peta penjajahan Borneo pada tahun 1943 yang disediakan oleh Jepun semasa <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, dengan label yang ditulis dalam aksara Jepun.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Native_population_of_Kuching.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Native_population_of_Kuching.JPG/220px-Native_population_of_Kuching.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Native_population_of_Kuching.JPG/330px-Native_population_of_Kuching.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Native_population_of_Kuching.JPG/440px-Native_population_of_Kuching.JPG 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Ramai orang penduduk asli Sarawak menderu jalan <a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a> untuk menyaksikan ketibaan Pasukan Imperial Australia (AIF) pada 12 September 1945.</figcaption></figure> Perayaan 100 tahun Brooke di Sarawak diadakan pada tahun 1941. Sempena itu, satu perlembagaan baru diperkenalkan untuk menghadkan kuasa Rajah dan memberi rakyat Sarawak peranan yang lebih besar dalam kerajaan. Walau bagaimanapun, perlembagaan ini tidak pernah dilaksanakan sepenuhnya kerana pendudukan Jepun.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Empirenationalism-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[nota 1]</a> Pada tahun yang sama, pasukan British menarik balik angkatan udara dan lautnya yang mempertahankan Sarawak ke Singapura. Dengan keadaan Sarawak yang ketika ini tidak dikawal ketat, rejim Brooke mengamalkan dasar "bumi hangus" di mana pemasangan minyak di Miri akan dimusnahkan dan lapangan terbang Kuching diadakan selama mungkin sebelum dimusnahkan. Walau bagaimanapun, satu pasukan pencerobohan Jepun yang diketuai oleh <a href="/wiki/Kiyotake_Kawaguchi" title="Kiyotake Kawaguchi">Kiyotake Kawaguchi</a> mendarat di Miri pada 16 Disember 1941 dan menakluki Kuching pada 24 Disember 1941, dengan tentera darat British berundur ke <a href="/wiki/Singkawang" title="Singkawang">Singkawang</a> di kejiranan <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Belanda Borneo</a>. Selepas sepuluh minggu bertarung di sana, <a href="/wiki/Pihak_Berikat" title="Pihak Berikat">pasukan bersekutu</a> menyerah pada 1 April 1942.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Vyner_Brooke" title="Charles Vyner Brooke">Charles Vyner Brooke</a>, Rajah terakhir Sarawak, menuju ke <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia, sementara para pegawainya ditangkap oleh orang Jepun dan diasingkan di <a href="/wiki/Kem_Batu_Lintang" title="Kem Batu Lintang">kem Batu Lintang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Sarawak tetap menjadi sebahagian daripada <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Jepun" title="Empayar Jepun">Empayar Jepun</a> selama tiga tahun dan lapan bulan. Pada masa ini ia dibahagikan kepada tiga wilayah - Kuching-shu, Sibu-shu, dan Miri-shu - masing-masing di bawah Gabenor masing-masing. Orang Jepun memelihara struktur pentadbiran Brooke dan melantik orang Jepun ke jawatan penting kerajaan.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> Angkatan Berikat kemudian menjalankan <a href="/wiki/Operasi_Semut" title="Operasi Semut">Operasi Semut</a> untuk mensabotaj operasi Jepun di Sarawak. Semasa <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_di_Borneo_Utara" title="Pertempuran di Borneo Utara">pertempuran Borneo Utara</a>, pasukan Australia mendarat di kawasan Lutong-Miri pada 20 Jun 1945 dan menembusi sejauh <a href="/wiki/Marudi" title="Marudi">Marudi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Limbang" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbang">Limbang</a> sebelum menghentikan operasi mereka di Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> Selepas <a href="/wiki/Penyerahan_kalah_Jepun" title="Penyerahan kalah Jepun">penyerahan kalah Jepun</a>, angkatan tentera <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Jepun" title="Empayar Jepun">Jepun</a> akhirnya menyerah diri kepada <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">pihak tentera Australia</a> di <a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a> pada 10 September 1945.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> Keseluruhan semua bahagian dan daerah di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> segera ditempatkan di bawah kerajaan <a href="/wiki/Pentadbiran_Tentera_British_(Borneo)" title="Pentadbiran Tentera British (Borneo)">pentadbiran interim British</a> dan dikendalikan sepenuhnya oleh <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Pasukan Imperial Australia</a> (AIF) sehingga April 1946.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Japanese_conquest_map,_Kuching.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Japanese_conquest_map%2C_Kuching.JPG/220px-Japanese_conquest_map%2C_Kuching.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Japanese_conquest_map%2C_Kuching.JPG/330px-Japanese_conquest_map%2C_Kuching.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Japanese_conquest_map%2C_Kuching.JPG/440px-Japanese_conquest_map%2C_Kuching.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>Peta dunia yang besar mewakili kawasan yang diduduki Jepun di Asia, yang ditubuhkan di jalan utama ibu kota Sarawak.</figcaption></figure> Kekurangan sumber untuk membina semula Sarawak selepas perang, Charles Vyner Brooke memutuskan untuk menyerah Sarawak sebagai Jajahan Mahkota British dan Rang Undang-Undang Sidang ditubuhkan di Majlis Negeri (kini <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak">Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak</a>), yang dibahaskan selama tiga hari. Rang undang-undang itu disahkan pada 17 Mei 1946 dengan majoriti sempit (19 berbanding 16 undi). Ini menyebabkan beratus-ratus penjawat awam Melayu meletak jawatan sebagai protes, mencetuskan <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Anti-Penyerahan_Sarawak" title="Gerakan Anti-Penyerahan Sarawak">gerakan anti-pengasingan</a> dan pembunuhan gabenor penjajah kedua Sarawak Sir <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Stewart_(diplomat_British)" title="Duncan Stewart (diplomat British)">Duncan Stewart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Walaupun rintangan, Sarawak menjadi <a href="/wiki/Tanah_Jajahan_Mahkota_Sarawak" title="Tanah Jajahan Mahkota Sarawak">jajahan British</a> pada 1 Julai 1946.<a href="#cite_note-Porritt1997-13">[13]</a> Anthony Brooke menentang penyerahan Sarawak kepada Mahkota British,<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> yang mana beliau diusir dari Sarawak oleh kerajaan kolonial.<a href="#cite_note-Empirenationalism-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[nota 2]</a> Beliau hanya dibenarkan kembali 17 tahun kemudian setelah Sarawak menjadi sebahagian daripada Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-Anthonylegal-57">[55]</a> Pada tahun 1950, semua pergerakan anti-pengasingan di Sarawak berhenti selepas ditumpaskan oleh kerajaan penjajah.<a href="#cite_note-Fairlandsarawak-29">[29]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sarawak_during_the_formation_of_Malaysia_(16_September_1963).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ningkan holding papers containing the declaration, standing behind a microphone and in front of several guards on a podium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sarawak_during_the_formation_of_Malaysia_%2816_September_1963%29.jpg/220px-Sarawak_during_the_formation_of_Malaysia_%2816_September_1963%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sarawak_during_the_formation_of_Malaysia_%2816_September_1963%29.jpg/330px-Sarawak_during_the_formation_of_Malaysia_%2816_September_1963%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Sarawak_during_the_formation_of_Malaysia_%2816_September_1963%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>Tan Sri Datuk Amar <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kalong_Ningkan" title="Stephen Kalong Ningkan">Stephen Kalong Ningkan</a> mengisytiharkan pembentukan Persekutuan Malaysia pada 16 September 1963</figcaption></figure> Pada 27 Mei 1961, <a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a>, perdana menteri <a href="/wiki/Persekutuan_Tanah_Melayu" title="Persekutuan Tanah Melayu">Persekutuan Tanah Melayu</a>, mengumumkan rancangan untuk membentuk persekutuan yang lebih besar bersama-sama dengan <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>, Sarawak, <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, yang akan dipanggil <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. Pada 17 Januari 1962, <a href="/wiki/Suruhanjaya_Cobbold" title="Suruhanjaya Cobbold">Suruhanjaya Cobbold</a> ditubuhkan untuk mengukur sokongan Sarawak dan Sabah untuk rancangan itu; Suruhanjaya melaporkan 80 peratus sokongan untuk persekutuan.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> Pada 23 Oktober 1962, lima parti politik di Sarawak membentuk satu barisan bersatu yang menyokong pembentukan Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> Sarawak secara rasmi diberikan <a href="/wiki/Hari_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari Sarawak">kerajaan sendiri</a> pada 22 Julai 1963,<a href="#cite_note-Porritt1997-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mathews2014-14">[14]</a> dan menjadi persekutuan dengan Malaya, Borneo Utara (sekarang Sabah), dan Singapura untuk membentuk persekutuan Malaysia pada 16 September 1963.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> Kerajaan Filipina dan Indonesia menentang pertubuhan persekutuan, seperti juga <a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Brunei" title="Parti Rakyat Brunei">Parti Rakyat Brunei</a> dan kumpulan komunis yang berpangkalan di Sarawak, dan pada tahun 1962, berlaku pula <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Brunei" title="Pemberontakan Brunei">Pemberontakan Brunei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Indonesia" title="Presiden Indonesia">Presiden Indonesia</a> <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> bertindak balas dengan menggerakkan sukarelawan bersenjata dan, kemudian, angkatan tentera ke Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> Ribuan anggota komunis Sarawak pergi ke Borneo, Indonesia Borneo, dan menjalani latihan dengan <a href="/wiki/Partai_Komunis_Indonesia" title="Partai Komunis Indonesia">Partai Komunis Indonesia</a>. Pertunangan yang paling penting dalam konfrontasi itu bertempur di <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Plaman_Mapu" title="Pertempuran Plaman Mapu">Plaman Mapu</a> pada April 1965. Kekalahan di Plaman Mapu akhirnya mengakibatkan jatuhnya Sukarno dan ia digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> sebagai presiden Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> Rundingan dimulakan semula antara Malaysia dan Indonesia dan membawa kepada berakhirnya konfrontasi pada 11 Ogos 1966.<a href="#cite_note-Ohiopress-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[nota 3]</a> Sejumlah kumpulan komunis wujud di Sarawak, yang pertama di mana, Liga Pemuda Demokrat Cina Luar Negara Sarawak, dibentuk pada tahun 1951.<a href="#cite_note-Fairlandsarawak-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[nota 4]</a> Satu lagi kumpulan, Parti Komunis Kalimantan Utara (NKCP) (juga dikenali sebagai Organisasi Komunis Klandestin (CCO) oleh sumber kerajaan) secara rasmi ditubuhkan pada tahun 1970.<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> Weng Min Chyuan dan Bong Kee Chok adalah dua pemimpin komunis yang lebih terkenal yang terlibat dalam pemberontakan itu. Ketika suasana politik berubah, semakin berkembang semakin sulit bagi komunis untuk beroperasi. Ini membawa kepada perbincangan pembukaan Bong dengan ketua menteri <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Ya%27kub" title="Abdul Rahman Ya'kub">Abdul Rahman Ya'kub</a> pada tahun 1973 dan akhirnya menandatangani perjanjian dengan kerajaan. Weng yang berpindah ke China pada pertengahan 1960-an tetapi tetap mengekalkan kawalan ke atas CCO, menolak perjuangan bersenjata yang berterusan terhadap kerajaan walaupun perjanjian ini. Konflik itu berterusan kebanyakannya di rantau <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Rajang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Rajang">Sungai Rajang</a> tetapi akhirnya berakhir apabila, pada 17 Oktober 1990, NKCP menandatangani perjanjian damai dengan kerajaan Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-chanwong-72">[68]</a> <table> <caption>Garis Masa Penyerahan Sarawak Kepada James Brooke </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Tahun</th> <th>Peristiwa</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCAAA"> <td><a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a></td> <td>Kebangkitan menentang pemerintahan wakil Kesultanan Brunei di Sarawak </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCAAA"> <td><a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a></td> <td>Pangeran Raja Muda Hashim Meminta Bantuan James Brooke untuk menamatkan penentangan di Sarawak </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCAAA"> <td><a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a></td> <td>Pangeran Raja Muda Hashim melantik James Brooke sebagai Gabenor dan Raja Sarawak </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCAAA"> <td><a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a></td> <td>Sultan Brunei mengiktiraf perjanjian antara Pangeran Raja Muda Hashim dan James Brooke </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCAAA"> <td><a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a></td> <td>Sultan Brunei mengiktiraf James Brooke sebagai Raja Sarawak yang merdeka </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politik">Politik</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Laman utama: <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Kerajaan Negeri Sarawak">Kerajaan Negeri Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politik_di_Sarawak" title="Politik di Sarawak">Politik di Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabinet_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabinet Sarawak">Kabinet Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krisis_Perlembagaan_Sarawak_1966" title="Krisis Perlembagaan Sarawak 1966">Krisis Perlembagaan Sarawak 1966</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urusan_Mahkamah_Ming_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="Urusan Mahkamah Ming 1987">Urusan Mahkamah Ming 1987</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Perintah_keutamaan_di_Sarawak" title="Perintah keutamaan di Sarawak">Perintah keutamaan di Sarawak</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kerajaan">Kerajaan</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Timeline_of_evolution_of_political_parties_in_Sarawak.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Timeline_of_evolution_of_political_parties_in_Sarawak.svg/220px-Timeline_of_evolution_of_political_parties_in_Sarawak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Timeline_of_evolution_of_political_parties_in_Sarawak.svg/330px-Timeline_of_evolution_of_political_parties_in_Sarawak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Timeline_of_evolution_of_political_parties_in_Sarawak.svg/440px-Timeline_of_evolution_of_political_parties_in_Sarawak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>Garis masa parti politik di Sarawak</figcaption></figure> Ketua wilayah Sarawak ialah <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak">Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak</a> (juga dikenali sebagai TYT ataupun Gabenor Sarawak), kedudukan yang paling simbolik yang dilantik oleh <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> (Raja Malaysia) atas nasihat kerajaan persekutuan Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-Governance-73">[69]</a> Sejak dari tahun 2014, jawatan ini pernah dipegang oleh <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Taib_Mahmud" title="Abdul Taib Mahmud">Abdul Taib Mahmud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> TYT juga melantik <a href="/wiki/Premier_Sarawak" title="Premier Sarawak">Premier Sarawak</a>, yang kini dipegang oleh <a href="/wiki/Abang_Johari_Tun_Openg" title="Abang Johari Tun Openg">Abang Johari Tun Openg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">GPS</a>),<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> sebagai ketua pemerintah kerajaan wilayah Sarawak. Secara amnya, pemimpin parti yang memerintahkan majoriti Dewan Undangan Negeri dilantik sebagai Premier Sarawak; manakala wakil yang dipilih secara demokratik melalui pilihan raya negeri lebih dikenali sebagai Ahli Dewan Undangan Negeri (ADUN). Majlis Mesyuarat Kerajaan Sarawak berhak meluluskan undang-undang mengenai subjek-subjek atau pindaan akta yang tidak terdapat di bawah bidang kuasa <a href="/wiki/Parlimen_Malaysia" title="Parlimen Malaysia">Parlimen Malaysia</a>, seperti hal ehwal pentadbiran tanah wilayah, hak-hak tuntutan Perjanjian Malaysia (MA63), autonomi pendidikan, autonomi kesihatan, autonomi perkhidmatan awam kerajaan Sarawak, autonomi perhutanan dan perlindungan alam sekitar, hak kuasa imigresen wilayah, pembangunan wilayah Sarawak, hak tanah adat peribumi, perkapalan saudagar wilayah, sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui, hal ehwal kewarganegaraan Sarawak, industri aeroangkasa Sarawak, kejuruteraan digital, sains dan teknologi, autonomi ekonomi wilayah, serta sumber perikanan wilayah. Penubuhan Kerajaan Wilayah Sarawak dianggotai oleh Premier Sarawak, Timbalan Premier, menteri-menteri kabinet kerajaan Sarawak, timbalan-timbalan menteri, serta ahli-ahli Senator DUN Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> Untuk melindungi kepentingan rakyat Sarawak di persekutuan Malaysia, perlindungan khas telah dimasukkan ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Perlembagaan_Malaysia" title="Perlembagaan Malaysia">Perlembagaan Malaysia</a>. Ini termasuk: mengawal imigresen masuk dan keluar negeri serta status kediaman bukan orang Sarawak dan bukan rakyat <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, batasan mengenai amalan undang-undang kepada peguam pemastautin, kemerdekaan Mahkamah Tinggi Kerajaan Sarawak dari Mahkamah Tinggi Semenanjung Malaysia, Satu keperluan bahawa Premier Sarawak akan dirujuk sebelum pelantikan ketua hakim Mahkamah Tinggi Kerajaan Sarawak, kewujudan Mahkamah Anak Negeri di Sarawak dan kuasa untuk mengenakan cukai jualan. Masyarakat peribumi Sarawak juga menikmati semua keistimewaan yang lebih baik seperti kuota khas dalam jawatan-jawatan kerajaan Sarawak, peluang pekerjaan yang lebih baik dalam perkhidmatan awam Sarawak serta syarikat-syarikat swasta, bantuan biasiswa, penempatan pelajar Sarawak di semua kolej dan universiti seluruh Malaysia, program keusahawanan belia & wanita, hak pemilikan perniagaan, hak permit perniagaan, bantuan kewangan khas rakyat Sarawak, dan banyak lagi keistimewaan yang dinikmati oleh masyarakat peribumi Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> Kerajaan tempatan di Sarawak dikecualikan daripada undang-undang majlis tempatan yang digubal oleh Parlimen Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-95D-78">[74]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:DUN_Sarawak.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/DUN_Sarawak.JPG/220px-DUN_Sarawak.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/DUN_Sarawak.JPG/330px-DUN_Sarawak.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/DUN_Sarawak.JPG/440px-DUN_Sarawak.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3989" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bangunan_Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Sarawak_Baru" title="Bangunan Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak Baru">Bangunan Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak Baru</a> terletak berdekatan dengan dermaga Kuching.</figcaption></figure> Parti-parti politik utama di Sarawak boleh dibahagikan kepada tiga kategori: parti politik milik Bumiputera Sarawak (PBB), parti politik milik Dayak Sarawak (PRS, PDP, PBDS, dan PBK), dan parti politik bukan Bumiputera Sarawak (SUPP dan ASPIRASI); Pihak, bagaimanapun, juga boleh memasukkan anggota dari lebih dari satu kumpulan.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> Parti politik pertama, Parti Rakyat Bersatu Sarawak (SUPP), ditubuhkan pada tahun 1959, diikuti oleh Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS) pada tahun 1960 dan Parti Kebangsaan Sarawak (SNAP) pada tahun 1961. Parti-parti politik utama seperti Parti Pesaka Sarawak (PESAKA) muncul pada tahun 1962.<a href="#cite_note-Fairlandsarawak-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[nota 5]</a> Parti-parti ini kemudian menyertai gabungan negara Parti Perikatan. Parti Perikatan (kemudiannya berkumpul di <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>) telah memerintah Sarawak sejak pembentukan Malaysia. Pembangkang di Sarawak secara konsisten mendakwa bahawa gabungan pemerintah menggunakan pelbagai jenis taktik membeli undi untuk memenangi pilihan raya.<a href="#cite_note-Faisal-81">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[nota 6]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kalong_Ningkan" title="Stephen Kalong Ningkan">Stephen Kalong Ningkan</a> merupakan <a href="/wiki/Ketua_Menteri_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketua Menteri Sarawak">Ketua Menteri Sarawak</a> pertama dari 1963 hingga 1966 selepas kemenangannya dalam pilihan raya majlis tempatan. Walau bagaimanapun, beliau digulingkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Tawi_Sli" title="Tawi Sli">Tawi Sli</a> pada tahun 1966 dengan bantuan <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Persekutuan_Malaysia" title="Kerajaan Persekutuan Malaysia">kerajaan persekutuan Malaysia</a>, menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Krisis_Perlembagaan_Sarawak_1966" title="Krisis Perlembagaan Sarawak 1966">krisis perlembagaan Sarawak 1966</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fairlandsarawak-29">[29]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5938181/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wan_Junaidi_Tuanku_Jaafar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Wan_Junaidi_Tuanku_Jaafar.jpg/200px-Wan_Junaidi_Tuanku_Jaafar.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Wan_Junaidi_Tuanku_Jaafar.jpg/300px-Wan_Junaidi_Tuanku_Jaafar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Wan_Junaidi_Tuanku_Jaafar.jpg/400px-Wan_Junaidi_Tuanku_Jaafar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="1263" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Wan_Junaidi_Tuanku_Jaafar" title="Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar">Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak">Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak</a> terkini.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Abang_Johari_Openg_during_the_Sejiawa_Senada_Kota_Samarahan_programmen_in_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Abang Johari Openg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Abang_Johari_Openg_during_the_Sejiawa_Senada_Kota_Samarahan_programmen_in_2016.jpg/200px-Abang_Johari_Openg_during_the_Sejiawa_Senada_Kota_Samarahan_programmen_in_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Abang_Johari_Openg_during_the_Sejiawa_Senada_Kota_Samarahan_programmen_in_2016.jpg/300px-Abang_Johari_Openg_during_the_Sejiawa_Senada_Kota_Samarahan_programmen_in_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Abang_Johari_Openg_during_the_Sejiawa_Senada_Kota_Samarahan_programmen_in_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="473" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Abang_Johari_Tun_Openg" title="Abang Johari Tun Openg">Abang Johari Tun Openg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premier_Sarawak" title="Premier Sarawak">Premier Sarawak</a> terkini.</div></div></div></div></div> Pada tahun 1969, <a href="/wiki/Pilihan_raya_negeri_Sarawak_1969" title="Pilihan raya negeri Sarawak 1969">pilihan raya negeri pertama Sarawak</a> diadakan, dengan anggota Majlis Negeri dipilih secara langsung oleh para pengundi. Pilihan raya ini menandakan permulaan penguasaan etnik Melanau di politik Sarawak oleh <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Ya%27kub" title="Abdul Rahman Ya'kub">Abdul Rahman Ya'kub</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Taib_Mahmud" title="Abdul Taib Mahmud">Abdul Taib Mahmud</a>. Pada tahun yang sama, terbentuknya Parti Komunis Kalimantan Utara (NKCP) yang kemudian melancarkan perang gerila terhadap kerajaan negeri Sarawak yang baru dipilih. Parti itu dibubarkan selepas menandatangani perjanjian damai pada tahun 1990.<a href="#cite_note-chanwong-72">[68]</a> 1973 menyaksikan penubuhan <a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu</a> (PBB) berikutan penggabungan beberapa parti.<a href="#cite_note-DAPJOURNAL-84">[78]</a> Parti ini kemudian menjadi tulang belakang gabungan BN Sarawak. Pada tahun 1978, <a href="/wiki/Parti_Tindakan_Demokratik" title="Parti Tindakan Demokratik">Parti Tindakan Demokratik</a> (DAP) merupakan parti pertama yang berpusat di Malaysia Barat untuk membuka cawangannya di Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-DAPJOURNAL-84">[78]</a> Sarawak pada mulanya mengadakan pilihan raya negeri bersama dengan pilihan raya parlimen negara. Bagaimanapun, ketua menteri itu Abdul Rahman Ya'kub menangguhkan pembubaran dewan negeri setahun untuk mempersiapkan cabaran yang ditimbulkan oleh parti-parti pembangkang.<a href="#cite_note-Faisal-81">[76]</a> Ini menjadikan Sarawak satu-satunya negeri di Malaysia untuk mengadakan pilihan raya negeri yang berasingan daripada pilihan raya parlimen negara sejak tahun 1979.<a href="#cite_note-85">[79]</a>Pada tahun 1983, SNAP mula pecah menjadi beberapa pihak serpihan kerana krisis kepimpinan yang berulang.<a href="#cite_note-86">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[81]</a> Iklim politik di negeri ini stabil sehingga <a href="/wiki/Urusan_Mahkamah_Ming_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="Urusan Mahkamah Ming 1987">Urusan Mahkamah Ming 1987</a>, sebuah rampasan kuasa politik yang dimulakan oleh paman Abdul Taib Mahmud untuk menggulingkan gabungan BN yang dipimpin oleh Taib. Walau bagaimanapun, rampasan kuasa tidak berjaya dan Taib mengekalkan kedudukannya sebagai ketua menteri.<a href="#cite_note-88">[82]</a> Sejak <a href="/wiki/Pilihanraya_DUN_Sarawak_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilihanraya DUN Sarawak 2006">pilihan raya tahun 2006</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parti_Tindakan_Demokratik" title="Parti Tindakan Demokratik">Parti Tindakan Demokratik Sarawak</a> (DAP Sarawak) memperoleh majoriti sokongannya dari semua pusat bandar / bandar-bandar utama dan menjadikannya parti pembangkang tempatan yang aktif beroperasi di wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[83]</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wilayah Sarawak</a> adalah satu-satunya wilayah yang tidak membenarkan mana-mana parti politik yang berpangkalan mahupun beroperasi di <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Malaysia" title="Semenanjung Malaysia">Semenanjung Malaysia</a> untuk bertapak secara kekal di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, termasuk parti-parti politik <a href="/wiki/UMNO" class="mw-redirect" title="UMNO">UMNO</a>, <a href="/wiki/MCA" class="mw-redirect" title="MCA">MCA</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIC" class="mw-redirect" title="MIC">MIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BERSATU" class="mw-redirect" title="BERSATU">BERSATU</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAS" class="mw-redirect" title="PAS">PAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/PKR" class="mw-redirect" title="PKR">PKR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parti_Bangsa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bangsa Malaysia">PBM</a>, dan komponen parti <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> (PN). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kerajaan_Sarawak">Kerajaan Sarawak</h3></div> Sarawak ditadbir oleh <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri">Dewan Undangan Negeri</a> dan Majlis Mesyuarat Kerajaan Sarawak. Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak merupakan kuasa tertinggi dalam menetapkan polisi di dalam negeri. Ahli Dewan Undangan Negeri bertanggungjawab kepada Dewan Undangan Negeri yang diwakili oleh pelbagai orang yang dilantik setiap lima tahun. Ia diketuai oleh <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri">Yang di-Pertua Negeri</a> yang dilantik oleh <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> Malaysia. Jabatan Premier Sarawak adalah tiang pentadbiran wilayah yang meletakkan Pejabat <a href="/wiki/Premier_Sarawak" title="Premier Sarawak">Premier Sarawak</a>, Pejabat Setiausaha Kerajaan Sarawak, serta jabatan-jabatan kerajaan Sarawak yang lain. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senarai_TYT_Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_Sarawak">Senarai TYT Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat juga: <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak">Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabenor_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabenor Sarawak (laman tidak wujud)">Gabenor Sarawak</a></div> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th>Nama</th> <th>Mula berkhidmat</th> <th>Tamat berkhidmat </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/Abang_Haji_Openg" class="mw-redirect" title="Abang Haji Openg">Tun Abang Haji Openg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a></td> <td>1969 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Bujang_Tuanku_Othman" title="Tuanku Bujang Tuanku Othman">Tun Tuanku Bujang Tuanku Othman</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a></td> <td>1977 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/Abang_Muhammad_Salahuddin_Abang_Barieng" title="Abang Muhammad Salahuddin Abang Barieng">Tun Abang Muhammad Salahuddin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a></td> <td>1981 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Ya%27kub" title="Abdul Rahman Ya'kub">Tun Abdul Rahman Ya'kub</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a></td> <td>1985 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zaidi_Adruce" title="Ahmad Zaidi Adruce">Tun Ahmad Zaidi Adruce</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/Abang_Muhammad_Salahuddin_Abang_Barieng" title="Abang Muhammad Salahuddin Abang Barieng">Tun Abang Muhammad Salahuddin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a></td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Taib_Mahmud" title="Abdul Taib Mahmud">Tun Pehin Sri Haji Abdul Taib Mahmud</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a></td> <td>2024 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/Wan_Junaidi_Tuanku_Jaafar" title="Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar">Tun Pehin Sri Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar</a></td> <td>2024</td> <td>kini </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senarai_daerah_di_Sarawak">Senarai daerah di Sarawak</h2></div> Tidak seperti negeri-negeri di <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Malaysia" title="Semenanjung Malaysia">Semenanjung Malaysia</a>, wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> dibahagikan kepada bahagian, 12 dalam semua, serta daerah, masing-masing diketuai oleh penduduk yang dilantik.<a href="#cite_note-Divisiondistrict-90">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-dv-91">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[86]</a> Setiap bahagian-bahagian wilayah (divisions) di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> akan diketuai oleh seorang Pegawai Residen (Resident Officer). Bagi kawasan-kawasan yang berstatus daerah (districts), masing-masing dipimpin oleh seorang <a href="/wiki/Pegawai_Daerah" title="Pegawai Daerah">Pegawai Daerah</a> (District Officer). Hanya <a href="/wiki/Daerah_Lundu" title="Daerah Lundu">Daerah Lundu</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tatau" title="Tatau">Daerah Tatau</a> sahaja yang diketuai oleh seorang <a href="/wiki/Setiausaha" title="Setiausaha">Setiausaha Majlis</a> (Council Secretary), manakala <a href="/wiki/Daerah_Limbang" title="Daerah Limbang">Daerah Limbang</a> pula hanya diketuai oleh seorang <a href="/wiki/Walikota" class="mw-redirect" title="Walikota">Walikota Daerah</a>. Bagi sesebuah kawasan perbandaran besar yang baharu atau sedia ada, <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Sarawak" title="Kerajaan Sarawak">Kerajaan Sarawak</a> mempunyai kuasa untuk melantik seorang <a href="/wiki/Pengerusi" title="Pengerusi">Pengerusi</a> (Chairman) dengan tujuan untuk menyelaraskan dan melaksanakan pelbagai projek infrastruktur terkini atau projek-projek milik swasta yang baharu di kawasan berkenaan. Untuk memastikan segala proses pembangunan untuk sesebuah projek milik kerajaan atau swasta di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, kerajaan harus melantik seorang Pegawai Penyelaras Projek bagi setiap kawasan daerah di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> sebelum <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Sarawak" title="Kerajaan Sarawak">Kerajaan Sarawak</a> akan meluluskan tender bagi pelaksanaan projek berkenaan. <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Kerajaan Negeri Sarawak">Kerajaan Sarawak</a> mempunyai hak untuk melantik seorang ketua (dikenali sebagai ketua kampung, Tuai Rumah, atau Penghulu) untuk setiap kampung. Kesemua 12 bahagian dan 47 buah daerah adalah di bidang kuasa <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kerajaan Sarawak</a> sendiri. Berikut adalah senarai bahagian, daerah, dan sub-daerah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam jadual di bawah : <div class="nounderlines" style="width: 600px; float: none; margin: none; padding: none; border: none; clear: none; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: ;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Division_of_Sarawak.png/960px-Division_of_Sarawak.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Division_of_Sarawak.png/1200px-Division_of_Sarawak.png 2x" data-file-width="1593" data-file-height="1080" /></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:498px;top:100px"><a href="/wiki/Limbang" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbang">Limbang</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:444px;top:148px"><a href="/wiki/Miri" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri">Miri</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:324px;top:214px"><a href="/wiki/Bintulu" title="Bintulu">Bintulu</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:378px;top:286px"><a href="/wiki/Kapit" title="Kapit">Kapit</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:234px;top:274px"><a href="/wiki/Sibu" title="Sibu">Sibu</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:216px;top:232px"><a href="/wiki/Mukah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukah">Mukah</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:192px;top:304px"><a href="/wiki/Sarikei" title="Sarikei">Sarikei</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:156px;top:322px"><a href="/wiki/Betong" title="Betong">Betong</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:174px;top:364px"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Aman">Sri Aman</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:96px;top:358px"><a href="/wiki/Samarahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarahan">Samarahan</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:42px;top:340px"><a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:42px;top:340px"><a href="/wiki/Serian" title="Serian">Serian</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:34px;top:32px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Limbang" title="Bahagian Limbang">Limbang</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:34px;top:60px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Miri" title="Bahagian Miri">Miri</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:34px;top:88px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Bintulu" title="Bahagian Bintulu">Bintulu</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:34px;top:116px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Kapit" title="Bahagian Kapit">Kapit</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:34px;top:144px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Sibu" title="Bahagian Sibu">Sibu</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:34px;top:172px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Mukah" title="Bahagian Mukah">Mukah</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:154px;top:32px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Sarikei" title="Bahagian Sarikei">Sarikei</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:154px;top:60px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Betong" title="Bahagian Betong">Betong</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:154px;top:88px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Sri_Aman" title="Bahagian Sri Aman">Sri Aman</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:154px;top:116px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Samarahan" title="Bahagian Samarahan">Samarahan</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:154px;top:144px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Kuching" title="Bahagian Kuching">Kuching</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:154px;top:124px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Serian" title="Bahagian Serian">Serian</a></div></div> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 450px"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bahagian </th> <th>Daerah (Districts) </th> <th>Sub-Daerah (Subdistricts) </th></tr> <tr style="border-top: 3px solid black"> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Padawan" title="Padawan">Padawan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bau,_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bau, Sarawak">Bau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lundu" title="Lundu">Lundu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sematan" title="Sematan">Sematan</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 3px solid black"> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Samarahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarahan">Samarahan</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kota_Samarahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota Samarahan">Kota Samarahan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asajaya </td> <td>Sadong Jaya </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Simunjan" class="mw-redirect" title="Simunjan">Simunjan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Gedong </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Sebuyau" title="Daerah Sebuyau">Sebuyau</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 3px solid black"> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Serian" title="Serian">Serian</a><a href="#cite_note-dv-91">[85]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serian" title="Serian">Serian</a> </td> <td>Balai Ringin </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Tebedu </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Siburan </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 3px solid black"> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Aman">Sri Aman</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Simanggang" title="Simanggang">Simanggang</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lubok_Antu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lubok Antu">Lubok Antu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Engkilili" title="Engkilili">Engkilili</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Lingga </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Pantu </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 3px solid black"> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Betong" title="Betong">Betong</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Betong" title="Betong">Betong</a> </td> <td>Spaoh </td></tr> <tr> <td>Debak </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saratok" title="Saratok">Saratok</a> </td> <td>Budu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pusa </td> <td>Maludam </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kabong </td> <td>Roban </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 3px solid black"> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Sarikei" title="Sarikei">Sarikei</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Sarikei </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Maradong" class="mw-redirect" title="Maradong">Meradong</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Julau </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Pakan </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 3px solid black"> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Mukah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukah">Mukah</a> </td> <td>Mukah </td> <td>Balingian </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dalat" title="Dalat">Dalat</a> </td> <td>Oya </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Matu" class="mw-redirect" title="Matu">Matu</a> </td> <td>Igan </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Daro" class="mw-redirect" title="Daro">Daro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Tanjung Manis </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 3px solid black"> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Sibu" title="Sibu">Sibu</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sibu" title="Sibu">Sibu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kanowit" title="Kanowit">Kanowit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Selangau" title="Selangau">Selangau</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 3px solid black"> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kapit" title="Kapit">Kapit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kapit" title="Kapit">Kapit</a> </td> <td>Nanga Merit </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Song </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Belaga">Belaga</a> </td> <td>Sungai Asap </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Bukit Mabong </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 3px solid black"> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bintulu" title="Bintulu">Bintulu</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bintulu" title="Bintulu">Bintulu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tatau" title="Tatau">Tatau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Sebauh </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 3px solid black"> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Miri" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri">Miri</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miri" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri">Miri</a> </td> <td>Bario </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marudi" title="Marudi">Marudi</a> </td> <td>Mulu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subis </td> <td>Niah-Suai </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beluru </td> <td>Tinjar </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Telang Usan </td> <td>Long Lama </td></tr> <tr> <td>Long Bedian </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 3px solid black"> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Limbang" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbang">Limbang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Limbang" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbang">Limbang</a> </td> <td>Nanga Medamit </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lawas" class="mw-disambig" title="Lawas">Lawas</a> </td> <td>Sundar </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trusan </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keselamatan">Keselamatan</h2></div> Angkatan bersenjata paramiliter pertama di Sarawak, sebuah rejimen yang dibentuk oleh rejim Brooke pada tahun 1862, dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Rangers" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarawak Rangers">Sarawak Rangers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[87]</a> Rejimen, yang terkenal dengan kemahiran mengesan hutan, berkhidmat dalam kempen untuk mengakhiri peperangan antara kaum di Sarawak. Ia juga terlibat dalam peperangan gerila melawan Jepun, di <a href="/wiki/Darurat_Tanah_Melayu" title="Darurat Tanah Melayu">Darurat Tanah Melayu</a> (di Malaysia Barat) dan <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Komunis_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemberontakan Komunis Sarawak">Pemberontakan Komunis Sarawak</a> terhadap komunis. Berikutan pembentukan Malaysia, rejimen itu diserap ke dalam angkatan tentera Malaysia dan kini dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Rejimen_Renjer_Diraja" title="Rejimen Renjer Diraja">Rejimen Renjer Diraja</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[88]</a> Pada tahun 1888, Sarawak, bersama-sama dengan kejiranan <a href="/wiki/Borneo_Utara" title="Borneo Utara">Borneo Utara</a> dan Brunei menjadi naungan Inggeris, dan tanggungjawab terhadap dasar luar diserahkan kepada British sebagai pertukaran untuk perlindungan ketenteraan.<a href="#cite_note-Rough_Guides-41">[41]</a> Sejak pembentukan Malaysia, kerajaan persekutuan Malaysia bertanggungjawab sepenuhnya terhadap dasar dan tentera asing di negara ini.<a href="#cite_note-95">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pertikaian_wilayah">Pertikaian wilayah</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Perebutan_wilayah_di_Laut_China_Selatan" title="Perebutan wilayah di Laut China Selatan">Perebutan wilayah di Laut China Selatan</a></div> Kerajaan Malaysia mempunyai beberapa pertikaian sempadan dengan negara-negara jiran, di mana beberapa keprihatinan Sarawak. Ini termasuk pertikaian tanah dan maritim dengan jiran Brunei.<a href="#cite_note-97">[91]</a> Pada 2009, Perdana Menteri Malaysia Ke-5 pada ketika itu, Iaitu Tun <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah Ahmad Badawi">Abdullah Ahmad Badawi</a> , mendakwa bahawa di-dalam pertemuan beliau dengan <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan, Prime Minister </th> <td>Hassanal Bolkiah </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Prime Minister </th> <td>Hassanal Bolkiah </td></tr></tbody></table> Sultan Brunei, Brunei Negara Brunei Darussalam bersetuju untuk menggugurkan tuntutannya atas <a href="/wiki/Limbang" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbang">Limbang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[92]</a> Bagaimanapun, ini ditolak oleh Menteri Luar Negeri Brunei yang kedua, <a href="/wiki/Lim_Jock_Seng" title="Lim Jock Seng">Lim Jock Seng</a>, yang menyatakan isu itu tidak pernah dibincangkan semasa mesyuarat itu.<a href="#cite_note-99">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Beting_Serupai" title="Beting Serupai">Beting Serupai</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Beting_Raja_Jarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Beting Raja Jarum">Beting Raja Jarum</a>, pulau-pulau di <a href="/wiki/Laut_China_Selatan" title="Laut China Selatan">Laut China Selatan</a>, jatuh dalam zon ekonomi eksklusif Sarawak, tetapi telah terjadi dan timbul isu kebimbangan mengenai khabar angin-khabar angin <a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[96]</a> menyatakan bahawa telah terjadi serangan dilakukan pihak China (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Cina" title="Bahasa Cina">Cina</a>: 中国), lebih dikenali dengan nama sebenar Republik Rakyat China (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Cina" title="Bahasa Cina">Cina</a>: 中华人民共和国), ialah sebuah negara di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Timur" title="Asia Timur">Asia Timur</a> yang merupakan negara <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara-negara_mengikut_jumlah_penduduk" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara-negara mengikut jumlah penduduk">paling ramai penduduknya</a> di dunia dengan diduduki <a href="/wiki/Demografi_Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Demografi Republik Rakyat China">lebih 1,300 juta orang</a>, iaitu kira-kira satu perlima manusia di bumi. China diperintah oleh <a href="/wiki/Parti_Komunis_China" title="Parti Komunis China">Parti Komunis China</a> di bawah <a href="/wiki/Sistem_satu_parti" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem satu parti">sistem satu parti</a>, dan berbidang kuasa di 22 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_di_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah di China">wilayah (provinsi)</a>, lima <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_berautonomi_di_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawasan berautonomi di China">kawasan berautonomi</a>, empat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbandaran_tadbiran_langsung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbandaran tadbiran langsung (laman tidak wujud)">perbandaran tadbiran langsung</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>), dan dua <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_Pentadbiran_Khas_Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawasan Pentadbiran Khas Republik Rakyat China">kawasan pentadbiran khas</a> yang berautonomi tinggi (<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Makau" title="Makau">Makau</a>). Ibu negara RRC ialah <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alam_sekitar">Alam sekitar</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geografi">Geografi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat juga: <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_di_Sarawak" title="Bahagian di Sarawak">Bahagian di Sarawak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Geografi_Sarawak" title="Geografi Sarawak">Geografi Sarawak</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sarawak_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sarawak_River.jpg/280px-Sarawak_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sarawak_River.jpg/420px-Sarawak_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sarawak_River.jpg/560px-Sarawak_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a> ialah ibu negeri Sarawak, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> yang terletak disepanjang <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Sarawak" title="Sungai Sarawak">Sungai Sarawak</a>, lebih tepat dikawasan muara sungai. Dalam gambar tertera <a href="/wiki/Bangunan_Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangunan Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak">Bangunan Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Borneo_19_May_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Borneo_19_May_2002.jpg/170px-Borneo_19_May_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Borneo_19_May_2002.jpg/255px-Borneo_19_May_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Borneo_19_May_2002.jpg/340px-Borneo_19_May_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="5800" /></a><figcaption>Sarawak terletak di Borneo barat laut, seperti yang dilihat dalam imej satelit <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>.</figcaption></figure> Jumlah kawasan tanah Sarawak hampir 124,450 kilometer persegi, yang membentuk 37.5 peratus daripada keseluruhan kawasan Malaysia. Sarawak terletak di antara latitud 0° 50' hingga 5° utara dan longitud 109° 36' hingga 115° 40' timur.<a href="#cite_note-stateplanning-103">[97]</a> Jaraknya sejauh 750 kilometer dicelah di utara dengan kira-kira 150 kilometer pantai Brunei. Sarawak dipisahkan dari Kalimantan Indonesia dengan sebahagian banjaran gunung dan bukit yang terdapat merentasi Borneo. Makin di utara makin tinggi, lebih-lebih lagi berhampiran punca Sungai Baram di curam <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Batu_Lawi" title="Bukit Batu Lawi">Gunung Batu Lawi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Mulu" title="Gunung Mulu">Gunung Mulu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Murud" title="Gunung Murud">Gunung Murud</a> merupakan puncak tertinggi di Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-Welman-104">[98]</a> Sarawak mempunyai geografi tropika dengan iklim khatulistiwa dan mengalami dua musim monsun: monsun timur laut dan monsun barat daya. Monsun timur laut berlaku antara bulan November dan Februari, membawa hujan lebat manakala monsun barat daya, yang berlaku antara bulan Mac dan Oktober, membawa sedikit hujan. Iklimnya stabil sepanjang tahun kecuali sewaktu dua monsun, dengan purata suhu harian yang berbeza-beza antara 23° C pada waktu pagi hingga 32° C pada waktu petang di kawasan pantai. <a href="/wiki/Miri" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri">Miri</a> mempunyai suhu purata paling rendah berbanding bandar utama lain di Sarawak dan mempunyai waktu siang yang paling lama (lebih daripada enam jam sehari), manakala kawasan lain menerima sinar matahari selama lima hingga enam jam sehari. Kelembapan biasanya tinggi, melebihi 68 peratus, dengan hujan tahunan yang berbeza-beza antara 330 sentimeter dan 460 sentimeter sehingga 220 hari setahun.<a href="#cite_note-stateplanning-103">[97]</a> Di kawasan tanah tinggi, suhu boleh berubah dari 16° C ke 25° C pada siang hari dan serendah 11° C pada waktu malam.<a href="#cite_note-105">[99]</a> Sarawak terbahagi kepada tiga ekorantau. Kawasan pantai agak rendah dan rata dengan kawasan rawa dan persekitaran lembap yang lain. Pantai di Sarawak termasuk Pasir Panjang<a href="#cite_note-106">[100]</a> dan pantai Damai di Kuching,<a href="#cite_note-107">[101]</a> Tanjung Batu di Bintulu,<a href="#cite_note-108">[102]</a> dan Tanjung Lobang<a href="#cite_note-109">[103]</a> dan pantai Hawaii di Miri.<a href="#cite_note-110">[104]</a> Kawasan padat penduduk di mana kebanyakan bandar dan bandar dijumpai rata-ratanya tanah berbukit-bukau. Pelabuhan Kuching dan Sibu dibina beberapa jarak dari pantai di sungai manakala Bintulu dan Miri dekat dengan pantai di mana bukit membentang ke Laut China Selatan. Rantau ketiga adalah kawasan pergunungan sepanjang sempadan Sarawak - <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>, di mana terletaknya beberapa kampung seperti <a href="/wiki/Bario" title="Bario">Bario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ba%27kelalan" title="Ba'kelalan">Ba'kelalan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Usun_Apau_Plieran" title="Usun Apau Plieran">Usun Apau Plieran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Welman-104">[98]</a> Sebilangan sungai mengalir melalui Sarawak, dengan <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Sarawak" title="Sungai Sarawak">Sungai Sarawak</a> menjadi sungai utama yang mengalir melalui Kuching. <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Rajang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Rajang">Sungai Rajang</a> merupakan sungai terpanjang di Malaysia, berukuran 563 kilometer termasuk anak sungai, <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Balleh" title="Sungai Balleh">Sungai Balleh</a>. Di utara, Baram, Limbang dan Sungai Trusan mengalir ke <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Brunei" title="Teluk Brunei">Teluk Brunei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Welman-104">[98]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Rajang_delta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Rajang_delta.jpg/220px-Rajang_delta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Rajang_delta.jpg/330px-Rajang_delta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Rajang_delta.jpg/440px-Rajang_delta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Rajang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Rajang">Sungai Rajang</a> merupakan sungai yang terbesar di Malaysia</figcaption></figure> Sarawak boleh dibahagikan kepada dua zon geologi: iaitu <a href="/wiki/Plat_Sunda" title="Plat Sunda">Plat Sunda</a>, yang menjangkau barat daya dari Sungai Batang Lupar (berhampiran <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Aman">Sri Aman</a>) dan membentuk hujung selatan Sarawak; dan wilayah geosinklin yang meluas ke timur ke Sungai Batang Lupar, membentuk Kawasan tengah dan utara Sarawak. Jenis batu yang tertua di selatan Sarawak terbentuk dalam <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboniferous">zaman Karbon</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Permian" class="mw-redirect" title="Permian">Permian</a> Terendah, manakala batu terbiar yang paling muda di rantau ini, andesit, boleh didapati di <a href="/wiki/Sematan" title="Sematan">Sematan</a>. Pembentukan geologi di kawasan tengah dan utara bermula pada lewat tempoh <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretaceous">Zaman Batu Kapur</a>. Batu-batu jenis lain yang boleh ditemui di Sarawak tengah dan utara adalah syal, batu pasir, dan ceri.<a href="#cite_note-stateplanning-103">[97]</a> Jumlah tanah Sarawak yang signifikan adalah lithosol, sehingga 60 peratus, dan podsol, sekitar 12 peratus, manakala tanah aluvial yang banyak terdapat di kawasan pantai dan sungai. 12 peratus tanah Sarawak diliputi oleh <a href="/wiki/Hutan_Paya_Gambut" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutan Paya Gambut">hutan paya gambut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stateplanning-103">[97]</a> Terdapat tiga taman negara,<a href="#cite_note-111">[105]</a> Di antaranya ialah <a href="/wiki/Gua_Niah" title="Gua Niah">Niah</a> dengan gua-gua eponim,<a href="#cite_note-112">[106]</a> ekosistem yang sangat maju di sekitar <a href="/wiki/Taman_Negara_Bukit_Lambir" title="Taman Negara Bukit Lambir">Bukit Lambir</a>,<a href="#cite_note-113">[107]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tapak_Warisan_Dunia" title="Tapak Warisan Dunia">Tapak Warisan Dunia</a> <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Mulu" title="Gunung Mulu">Gunung Mulu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[109]</a> Yang terakhir mengandungi <a href="/wiki/Ruang_Sarawak" title="Ruang Sarawak">Ruang Sarawak</a>, salah satu ruang bawah tanah terbesar di dunia,<a href="#cite_note-116">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gua_Rusa" title="Gua Rusa">Gua Rusa</a>, laluan gua terbesar di dunia,<a href="#cite_note-117">[111]</a> dan Gua Air Jernih, sistem gua terpanjang di Asia Tenggara.<a href="#cite_note-118">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[113]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Lanskap Sarawak</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Pinnacles_at_Mulu_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Puncak di Taman Negara Gunung Mulu"><img alt="Tall, light grey stone columns protruding above a forest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pinnacles_at_Mulu_2.jpg/316px-Pinnacles_at_Mulu_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="211" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pinnacles_at_Mulu_2.jpg/474px-Pinnacles_at_Mulu_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pinnacles_at_Mulu_2.jpg/631px-Pinnacles_at_Mulu_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1795" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Puncak di <a href="/wiki/Taman_Negara_Gunung_Mulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Taman Negara Gunung Mulu">Taman Negara Gunung Mulu</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ana_Rais_(3679478378).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hutan Sarawak"><img alt="Hutan Sarawak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ana_Rais_%283679478378%29.jpg/270px-Ana_Rais_%283679478378%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ana_Rais_%283679478378%29.jpg/404px-Ana_Rais_%283679478378%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ana_Rais_%283679478378%29.jpg/539px-Ana_Rais_%283679478378%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="907" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hutan Sarawak</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Bako_National_Park_(3678650933).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sebahagian dari Taman Negara Bako"><img alt="A mudflat receding into the sea in the distance, with a cloud-topped mountain beyond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bako_National_Park_%283678650933%29.jpg/269px-Bako_National_Park_%283678650933%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bako_National_Park_%283678650933%29.jpg/404px-Bako_National_Park_%283678650933%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bako_National_Park_%283678650933%29.jpg/539px-Bako_National_Park_%283678650933%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1358" data-file-height="908" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sebahagian dari <a href="/wiki/Taman_Negara_Bako" title="Taman Negara Bako">Taman Negara Bako</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Fail:South_China_Sea,_Sarawak_(7246670486).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pemandangan Laut China Selatan dari Sarawak"><img alt="Pemandangan Laut China Selatan dari Sarawak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/South_China_Sea%2C_Sarawak_%287246670486%29.jpg/245px-South_China_Sea%2C_Sarawak_%287246670486%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/South_China_Sea%2C_Sarawak_%287246670486%29.jpg/368px-South_China_Sea%2C_Sarawak_%287246670486%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/South_China_Sea%2C_Sarawak_%287246670486%29.jpg/491px-South_China_Sea%2C_Sarawak_%287246670486%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2502" data-file-height="1836" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pemandangan <a href="/wiki/Laut_China_Selatan" title="Laut China Selatan">Laut China Selatan</a> dari Sarawak</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversiti">Biodiversiti</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Laman utama: <a href="/wiki/Fauna_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna Borneo">Fauna Borneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penebangan_Hutan_di_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Penebangan Hutan di Borneo">Penebangan Hutan di Borneo</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_Biodiversiti_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat Biodiversiti Sarawak (laman tidak wujud)">Pusat Biodiversiti Sarawak</a></div>Sarawak mengandungi <a href="/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropika" class="mw-disambig" title="Hutan hujan tropika">hutan hujan tropika</a> yang besar dengan spesies tumbuhan yang pelbagai,<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a> malah ada sebahagian besar daripada hutan ini yang dikaji untuk tujuan perubatan.<a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hutan_bakau" title="Hutan bakau">Hutan bakau</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pokok_Nipah" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokok Nipah">nipah</a> yang menggarisi muara-muara terdiri daripada 2% daripada kawasan hutannya, hutan paya gambut di sepanjang bahagian lain di sepanjang pantai meliputi 16%, hutan Kerangas meliputi 5% dan hutan <a href="/wiki/Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">Dipterocarpaceae</a> meliputi kebanyakan kawasan pergunungan. Pokok-pokok utama yang terdapat di hutan muara termasuk bako dan nibong, sementara hutan paya gambut termasuk ramin (<a href="/wiki/Gonystylus_bancanus" title="Gonystylus bancanus">Gonystylus bancanus</a>), meranti (<a href="/wiki/Shorea" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorea">Shorea</a>), dan medang jongkong (Dactylocladus stenostachys).<a href="#cite_note-stateplanning-103">[97]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:How_to_peel_a_banana_with_your_foot_(26443349170).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/How_to_peel_a_banana_with_your_foot_%2826443349170%29.jpg/170px-How_to_peel_a_banana_with_your_foot_%2826443349170%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/How_to_peel_a_banana_with_your_foot_%2826443349170%29.jpg/255px-How_to_peel_a_banana_with_your_foot_%2826443349170%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/How_to_peel_a_banana_with_your_foot_%2826443349170%29.jpg/340px-How_to_peel_a_banana_with_your_foot_%2826443349170%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2407" data-file-height="3610" /></a><figcaption>Orangutan mengupas pisang di Rizab Hidupan Liar Semenggoh.</figcaption></figure> Spesies haiwan juga sangat bervariasi, dengan 185 spesies <a href="/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia">mamalia</a>, 530 spesies <a href="/wiki/Burung" title="Burung">burung</a>, 166 spesies <a href="/wiki/Ular" title="Ular">ular</a>, 104 spesies <a href="/wiki/Cicak" title="Cicak">cicak</a>, dan 113 spesies <a href="/wiki/Amfibia" title="Amfibia">amfibia</a>, di mana 19 peratus daripada mamalia, 6 peratus daripada burung, 20 peratus ular dan 32 peratus cicak adalah <a href="/wiki/Endemik" title="Endemik">endemik</a>. Spesies ini sebahagian besarnya ditemui di Kawasan Perlindungan Menyeluruh. Terdapat lebih daripada 2,000 spesies <a href="/wiki/Pokok" title="Pokok">pokok</a> di Sarawak. Tumbuhan lain termasuk 1,000 spesis <a href="/wiki/Orkid" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkid">orkid</a>, 757 spesis <a href="/wiki/Pakis" title="Pakis">pakis</a>, dan 260 spesis <a href="/wiki/Sawit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawit">sawit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[116]</a> Negeri ini adalah habitat haiwan yang terancam, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Gajah_Borneo" title="Gajah Borneo">gajah pigmi borneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kera_bekantan" title="Kera bekantan">kera bekantan (monyet belanda)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orang_utan" title="Orang utan">orang utan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Badak_Sumatera" class="mw-redirect" title="Badak Sumatera">badak Sumatera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[117]</a> Pusat Hidupan Liar Matang, Rizab Semula Jadi Semenggoh dan Tempat Perlindungan Hidupan Liar Lanjak Entimau<a href="#cite_note-124">[118]</a> terkenal kerana program perlindungan orang utan mereka.<a href="#cite_note-125">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[120]</a> Taman Negara Talang - Satang terkenal dengan inisiatif pemuliharaan penyu.<a href="#cite_note-127">[121]</a> Aktiviti <a href="/wiki/Pemerhatian_burung" title="Pemerhatian burung">pemerhatian burung</a> adalah aktiviti umum di pelbagai taman negara seperti Taman Negara Gunung Mulu, Taman Negara Lambir Hills,<a href="#cite_note-128">[122]</a> dan Taman Negara Similajau.<a href="#cite_note-129">[123]</a> Miri - Taman Negara Sibuti terkenal dengan terumbu karangnya<a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a> dan Taman Negara Gunung Gading terkenal kerana bunga <a href="/wiki/Rafflesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafflesia">Rafflesia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Taman_Negara_Bako" title="Taman Negara Bako">Taman Negara Bako</a>, taman negara tertua di Sarawak, terkenal dengan 275 <a href="/wiki/Kera_bekantan" title="Kera bekantan">kera bekantan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-132">[126]</a> dan Taman Periuk Padawan untuk pelbagai tanaman periuk kera karnivor.<a href="#cite_note-133">[127]</a> Pada tahun 1854, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> melawat Sarawak. Setahun kemudian, beliau merumuskan "Undang-undang Sarawak" yang menggambarkan penggubalan teori evolusi beliau (dan <a href="/wiki/Darwin" class="mw-disambig" title="Darwin">Darwin</a>) melalui <a href="/wiki/Pemilihan_semula_jadi" title="Pemilihan semula jadi">pemilihan semula jadi</a> tiga tahun kemudian.<a href="#cite_note-134">[128]</a> Kerajaan negeri Sarawak melaksanakan beberapa undang-undang untuk melindungi hutan dan membahayakan spesies hidupan liar. Beberapa spesies yang dilindungi ialah orangutan, <a href="/wiki/Penyu_hijau" title="Penyu hijau">penyu laut hijau</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemur_terbang_Sunda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemur terbang Sunda (laman tidak wujud)">lemur terbang Sunda</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Tanduk_pipa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanduk pipa">tanduk enggang</a>. Di bawah Ordinan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar 1998, orang asli Sarawak diberi keizinan untuk memburu pelbagai jenis haiwan liar yang terhad di dalam hutan tetapi tidak mempunyai lebih daripada 5 kilogram (11 lb) daging.<a href="#cite_note-135">[129]</a> Jabatan Hutan Sarawak ditubuhkan pada tahun 1919 untuk memelihara sumber hutan di negeri ini.<a href="#cite_note-136">[130]</a> Berikutan kritikan antarabangsa mengenai industri <a href="/wiki/Pembalakan" title="Pembalakan">pembalakan</a> di Sarawak, kerajaan negeri memutuskan untuk memansuhkan Jabatan Hutan Sarawak dan mewujudkan Perbadanan Perhutanan Sarawak pada tahun 1995.<a href="#cite_note-137">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[132]</a> Pusat Biodiversiti Sarawak ditubuhkan pada tahun 1997 untuk pemuliharaan, perlindungan, dan pembangunan <a href="/wiki/Biodiversiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiversiti">biodiversiti</a> lestari di negeri ini.<a href="#cite_note-139">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Isu_pemuliharaan">Isu pemuliharaan</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sarawak,_Cultural_Village_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sarawak%2C_Cultural_Village_11.jpg/220px-Sarawak%2C_Cultural_Village_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sarawak%2C_Cultural_Village_11.jpg/330px-Sarawak%2C_Cultural_Village_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sarawak%2C_Cultural_Village_11.jpg/440px-Sarawak%2C_Cultural_Village_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Kem pembalakan di <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Rajang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Rajang">sungai Rajang</a></figcaption></figure> Hutan hujan Sarawak terutamanya diancam oleh industri pembalakan dan ladang kelapa sawit.<a href="#cite_note-140">[134]</a> Isu hak asasi manusia <a href="/wiki/Penan" title="Penan">Penan</a> dan penebangan hutan di Sarawak menjadi isu alam sekitar antarabangsa apabila aktivis Switzerland <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Manser" title="Bruno Manser">Bruno Manser</a> melawat Sarawak secara teratur antara tahun 1984 dan 2000.<a href="#cite_note-141">[135]</a> Penebangan hutan telah menjejaskan kehidupan puak-puak pribumi, terutamanya Penan, yang mata pencariannya sangat bergantung kepada hasil hutan. Ini menyebabkan beberapa sekatan oleh puak-puak pribumi pada tahun 1980-an dan 1990-an terhadap syarikat pembalakan yang menceroboh tanah mereka.<a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a> Terdapat juga kes-kes di mana tanah Hak Adat Orang Asli (NCR) diberikan kepada syarikat-syarikat perkayuan dan perladangan tanpa kebenaran penduduk tempatan.<a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a> Orang asli telah menggunakan cara yang sah untuk mengembalikan semula NCR mereka. Pada tahun 2001, Mahkamah Tinggi Sarawak mengembalikan sepenuhnya tanah NCR yang dituntut oleh orang-orang Rumah Nor, tetapi ini dibatalkan sebahagiannya pada tahun 2005. Walau bagaimanapun, kes ini dijadikan preseden yang menyebabkan lebih banyak NCR ditegakkan oleh Mahkamah Tinggi dalam tahun-tahun berikutnya.<a href="#cite_note-144">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[139]</a> Dasar empangan mega Sarawak, seperti <a href="/wiki/Empangan_Bakun" title="Empangan Bakun">Empangan Bakun</a> dan projek <a href="/wiki/Empangan_hidroelektrik_Murum" class="mw-redirect" title="Empangan hidroelektrik Murum">Empangan Murum</a>, telah menenggelamkan ribuan hektar hutan dan memaksa beribu-ribu orang orang asli berpindah.<a href="#cite_note-146">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> Sejak 2013, projek <a href="/wiki/Empangan_Baram" title="Empangan Baram">Empangan Baram</a> yang dicadangkan ditangguhkan berikutan protes berterusan dari suku kaum tempatan.<a href="#cite_note-148">[142]</a> Sejak 2014, kerajaan Sarawak di bawah ketua menteri <a href="/wiki/Adenan_Satem" title="Adenan Satem">Adenan Satem</a> mula mengambil tindakan terhadap pembalakan haram di negeri ini dan mempelbagaikan ekonomi negeri itu.<a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a> Melalui tahun 2016 lebih daripada 2 juta ekar hutan, kebanyakannya di habitat orangutan, telah diisytiharkan sebagai kawasan perlindungan.<a href="#cite_note-150">[144]</a> Terdapat percanggahan maklumat mengenai kadar pembasmian hutan Sarawak: bekas ketua menteri <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Taib_Mahmud" title="Abdul Taib Mahmud">Abdul Taib Mahmud</a> mengumumkan bahawa kawasan hutan menurun dari 70% hingga 48% antara 2011 dan 2012, Jabatan Hutan Sarawak dan Kementerian Perancangan Sumber dan Alam Sekitar kedua-duanya berpendapat bahawa ia kekal pada 80% pada 2012,<a href="#cite_note-Taibawangforests-151">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[146]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Wetlands_International" title="Wetlands International">Wetlands International</a> melaporkan bahawa ia jatuh sebanyak 10% antara tahun 2005 dan 2010, 3.5 kali lebih cepat daripada yang lain di Asia.<a href="#cite_note-153">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Sarawak" title="Ekonomi Sarawak">Ekonomi Sarawak</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#8B0000"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7957.3282711643px; border-left-color:#808000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#808000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#808000"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 199.34765443401px; border-left-color:#800080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#800080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#800080"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 23.013296730145px; border-left-color:#008080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#008080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#008080"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:59.285682016106px 80.530788571112px 0 0; border-top-color:#008000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#008000"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 64.346838485846px 100px 0; border-right-color:#000080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#000080"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Bahagian KDNK Sarawak mengikut sektor (2022)<a href="#cite_note-Sarawakeconomy-154">[148]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  Perkhidmatan (34.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  Pengilangan (26.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  Perlombongan & Kuari (18.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  Pertanian (14%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  Pembinaan (7.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  Cukai Import (1.0%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Bintulu_LNG_port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bintulu_LNG_port.jpg/250px-Bintulu_LNG_port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bintulu_LNG_port.jpg/330px-Bintulu_LNG_port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bintulu_LNG_port.jpg/500px-Bintulu_LNG_port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4775" data-file-height="2937" /></a><figcaption>Pelabuhan LNG di Bintulu, Sarawak</figcaption></figure> Secara bersejarah, ekonomi Sarawak tidak berubah semasa pemerintahan tiga Rajah putih terdahulu. Selepas pembentukan Malaysia, kadar pertumbuhan KDNK Sarawak telah meningkat berikutan peningkatan pengeluaran petroleum dan kenaikan harga petroleum global. Bagaimanapun, ekonomi negara kurang kepelbagaian dan masih banyak bergantung kepada eksport komoditi utama berbanding Malaysia secara keseluruhan. KDNK per kapita di Sarawak lebih rendah daripada purata kebangsaan dari 1970 hingga 1990.<a href="#cite_note-155">[149]</a> Sehingga 2021, jurang pendapatan bandar-luar bandar, kadar kemiskinan penduduk yang tinggi, dan krisis inflasi barangan asas pengguna kekal menjadi masalah utama di Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-156">[150]</a> Di Sarawak banyak terdapat sumber asli, dan industri utama seperti perlombongan, pertanian, dan perhutanan menyumbang 32.8% daripada ekonomi pada tahun 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Sarawakeconomy-154">[148]</a> Ia juga mengkhusus dalam pembuatan makanan dan minuman, produk berasaskan kayu dan rotan, produk logam asas, dan <a href="/wiki/Petrokimia" title="Petrokimia">petrokimia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-State_Planning_Unit_stats-3">[3]</a> serta kargo dan perkhidmatan udara dan pelancongan.<a href="#cite_note-Sarawakeconomy-154">[148]</a> Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK) negeri meningkat sebanyak 5.0% setahun dari 2000 hingga 2009,<a href="#cite_note-157">[151]</a> Tetapi menjadi semakin tidak menentu, dari -2.0% pada 2009 kepada 15% pada tahun 2021. Sarawak menyumbangkan 14.2% daripada KDNK Malaysia dalam sembilan tahun menjelang 2013, menjadikannya penyumbang ketiga terbesar selepas <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sarawakeconomy-154">[148]</a> Dari tahun 2015 hingga 2021, industri minyak dan gas menyumbang 56.8% hasil kerajaan Sarawak. Ia menarik pelaburan asing sebanyak RM 80 bilion (AS$ 17.28 bilion), dengan 95% menuju ke <a href="/wiki/Koridor_Tenaga_Diperbaharui_Sarawak" title="Koridor Tenaga Diperbaharui Sarawak">Koridor Tenaga Diperbaharui Sarawak</a> (SCORE), koridor ekonomi kedua terbesar di Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-Sarawakeconomy-154">[148]</a> Ekonomi berorientasikan eksport didominasi oleh <a href="/wiki/Gas_asli_cecair" title="Gas asli cecair">gas asli cecair</a> (LNG), yang menyumbang lebih separuh daripada jumlah eksport. Petroleum mentah menyumbang 20.7%, manakala minyak sawit, sawlog, dan kayu gergajian mengumpul 12% secara kolektif.<a href="#cite_note-Sarawakeconomy-154">[148]</a> Kerajaan menerima royalti 15% daripada <a href="/wiki/Petronas" title="Petronas">Petronas</a> menerusi penerokaan minyak di perairan wilayahnya.<a href="#cite_note-158">[152]</a> Sebahagian besar deposit minyak dan gas terletak di luar pantai sebelah Bintulu dan Miri di lembah <a href="/wiki/Balingian" title="Balingian">Balingian</a>, lembangan Baram, dan sekitar Luconia Shoals.<a href="#cite_note-159">[153]</a> Sarawak adalah salah satu daripada pengeksport kayu kayu tropika terbesar di dunia, yang membentuk 65% daripada jumlah eksport log Malaysia pada tahun 2000. Statistik <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu">Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu</a> pada tahun 2001 menganggarkan eksport sawlog Sarawak pada purata 14,109,000 meter padu (498,300,000 cu ft) setahun antara 1996 dan 2000.<a href="#cite_note-160">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kewangan_dan_Institusi_Perbankan">Kewangan dan Institusi Perbankan</h3></div> Sekitar pada tahun 1955, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCBC_Bank" class="extiw" title="en:OCBC Bank">OCBC Bank</a> adalah merupakan sebuah bank asing pertama yang beroperasi di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, dengan menumpukan kepada sistem-sistem kewangan asas dan perniagaan ekonomi berskala sederhana ketika itu. Susulan daripada kewujudan bank berkenaan, maka beberapa buah syarikat perbankan tempatan dan antarabangsa mula membuka cawangannya di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. Antara institusi-institusi perbankan yang masih aktif beroperasi di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> ialah <a href="/wiki/Bank_Simpanan_Nasional" title="Bank Simpanan Nasional">Bank Simpanan Nasional</a> (BSN), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Banking_Berhad" class="extiw" title="en:Malayan Banking Berhad">Maybank</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIMB" class="extiw" title="en:CIMB">CIMB Bank</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Leong_Bank" class="extiw" title="en:Hong Leong Bank">Hong Leong Bank Berhad</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Rakyat" class="extiw" title="en:Bank Rakyat">Bank Rakyat</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrobank" class="extiw" title="en:Agrobank">Agrobank</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Bank_Berhad" class="extiw" title="en:Public Bank Berhad">Public Bank</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_Bank_Malaysia_Berhad" class="extiw" title="en:Alliance Bank Malaysia Berhad">Alliance Bank</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBS_Bank" class="extiw" title="en:DBS Bank">DBS Bank</a>, dan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmBank_Group" class="extiw" title="en:AmBank Group">AmBank</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Kerajaan Negeri Sarawak">Kerajaan Sarawak</a> kini sedang membangunkan sebuah institusi perbankan milik sepenuhnya <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Kerajaan Negeri Sarawak">kerajaan Sarawak</a> sendiri, iaitu dengan mengadakan kerjasama persetujuan penubuhan bank baharu serta perjanjian hak jual beli saham majoriti perbankan antara kerajaan wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> dengan sebuah institusi perbankan terkemuka <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affin_Bank" class="extiw" title="en:Affin Bank">Affin Bank Berhad</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affin_Bank" class="extiw" title="en:Affin Bank">Affin Bank Berhad</a> akan diwujudkan di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">wilayah Sarawak</a> bagi menggantikan sepenuhnya perkhidmatan dua institusi perbankan terdahulu, iaitu <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RHB_Bank" class="extiw" title="en:RHB Bank">RHB Bank</a> dan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citibank_(Malaysia)" class="extiw" title="en:Citibank (Malaysia)">Citibank</a> di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affin_Bank" class="extiw" title="en:Affin Bank">Affin Bank Berhad</a> adalah merupakan sebuah institusi perbankan hak milik penuh <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kerajaan Sarawak</a> yang akan menawarkan pelbagai perkhidmatan kewangan konvensional serta perkhidmatan kewangan Islam di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. Ini termasuk penawaran pinjaman perumahan, pinjaman kewangan, tawaran pemilikan perumahan, bantuan kewangan khas untuk golongan B40 dan M40, bantuan pendidikan, bantuan kewangan untuk usahawan mikro, kecil dan sederhana (PMKS), pelaburan saham tempatan, serta sektor kewangan Islam seperti al-Wadiah, Mudharabah, dan Bai’ Al-Inah. Sebanyak 60 buah bank cawangan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affin_Bank" class="extiw" title="en:Affin Bank">Affin Bank Berhad</a> akan dibuka di seluruh daerah di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenaga">Tenaga</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg/170px-Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg/255px-Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg/340px-Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Turbin di dalam rumah kuasa Empangan Bakun. Empangan itu merupakan sumber utama tenaga elektrik di Sarawak.</figcaption></figure> Elektrik di Sarawak, yang dibekalkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Energy" title="Sarawak Energy">Sarawak Energy</a> Berhad (SEB) milik sepenuhnya kerajaan wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>,<a href="#cite_note-161">[155]</a> didatangkan terutamanya dari loji janakuasa arang batu tradisional dan stesen janakuasa menggunakan LNG,<a href="#cite_note-Sarawak_Energy_Portfolio-162">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[157]</a> Tetapi sumber dan hidroelektrik yang berasaskan diesel juga digunakan. Terdapat 3 empangan hidroelektrik setakat 2015 di <a href="/wiki/Empangan_Batang_Ai" title="Empangan Batang Ai">Batang Ai</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Sarawaak_HEP_Plan-164">[158]</a> Bakun,<a href="#cite_note-165">[159]</a> dan Murum,<a href="#cite_note-166">[160]</a> dengan beberapa orang yang sedang dipertimbangkan.<a href="#cite_note-Sarawaak_HEP_Plan-164">[158]</a> Pada awal 2016, SEB menandatangani perjanjian eksport tenaga pertama Malaysia untuk membekalkan elektrik ke kejiranan <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan_Barat" title="Kalimantan Barat">Kalimantan Barat</a> di Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-167">[161]</a> Pada tahun 2008, SCORE telah ditubuhkan sebagai satu rangka kerja untuk membangunkan sektor tenaga di seluruh wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> ini, terutamanya Empangan Murum, Baram, dan Baleh serta loji kuasa berpusat berasaskan arang batu,<a href="#cite_note-168">[162]</a> dan 10 industri keutamaan tinggi hingga 2030.<a href="#cite_note-169">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[164]</a> Lembaga Pembangunan Koridor Serantau adalah agensi kerajaan yang bertanggungjawab untuk mengurus SCORE.<a href="#cite_note-171">[165]</a> Seluruh kawasan tengah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wilayah Sarawak</a> dilindungi di bawah SCORE, termasuk kawasan seperti Samalaju (berhampiran Bintulu), Tanjung Manis, dan Mukah.<a href="#cite_note-172">[166]</a> Samalaju akan dibangunkan sebagai taman perindustrian,<a href="#cite_note-173">[167]</a> dengan Tanjung Manis sebagai hab makanan <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">halal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-174">[168]</a> dan Mukah sebagai pusat pentadbiran untuk SCORE dengan tumpuan kepada penyelidikan dan pembangunan berasaskan sumber.<a href="#cite_note-175">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pelancongan">Pelancongan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Pelancongan_di_Sarawak" title="Pelancongan di Sarawak">Pelancongan di Sarawak</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:French_Gypsy_band_performing_during_RWMF_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/French_Gypsy_band_performing_during_RWMF_2006.jpg/220px-French_Gypsy_band_performing_during_RWMF_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/French_Gypsy_band_performing_during_RWMF_2006.jpg/330px-French_Gypsy_band_performing_during_RWMF_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/French_Gypsy_band_performing_during_RWMF_2006.jpg/440px-French_Gypsy_band_performing_during_RWMF_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Band Gypsy Perancis yang membuat persembahan semasa <a href="/wiki/Festival_Muzik_Hutan_Hujan_Dunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival Muzik Hutan Hujan Dunia">Festival Muzik Hutan Hujan Dunia</a> 2006</figcaption></figure> Pelancongan memainkan peranan penting dalam ekonomi negara, menyumbang 13.5% daripada KDNK <a class="mw-selflink selflink">wilayah Sarawak</a> pada tahun 2021.<a href="#cite_note-tourist2015-176">[170]</a> Pelancong asing ke Sarawak kebanyakannya dari Brunei, Indonesia, Filipina, Singapura, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Australia, China, dan Belgium.<a href="#cite_note-Pulling_more_tourists_to_Sarawak-177">[171]</a> Sejumlah organisasi, baik negeri dan swasta, terlibat dalam promosi pelancongan di Sarawak: Lembaga Pelancongan Sarawak adalah badan kerajaan yang bertanggungjawab untuk melaksanakan promosi pelancongan dan kebudayaan di seluruh <a class="mw-selflink selflink">wilayah Sarawak</a>, pelbagai kumpulan pelancongan persendirian bersatu di bawah Persekutuan Pelancongan Sarawak, dan Biro Konvensyen Sarawak bertanggungjawab untuk menarik konvensyen, persidangan, dan acara korporat yang diadakan di <a href="/wiki/Pusat_Konvensyen_Borneo_Kuching" title="Pusat Konvensyen Borneo Kuching">Pusat Konvensyen Borneo di Kuching</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Business_Group_Tourism-178">[172]</a> Badan-badan awam dan swasta di Sarawak mengadakan acara dua kali untuk menganugerahkan Anugerah Pelancongan Sarawak Hornbill, anugerah untuk pencapaian dalam pelbagai kategori, untuk mengiktiraf perniagaan dan individu untuk usaha mereka dalam pembangunan pelancongan dalam wilayah ini.<a href="#cite_note-179">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Festival_Muzik_Hutan_Hujan_Dunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival Muzik Hutan Hujan Dunia">Festival Muzik Hutan Hujan Dunia</a> adalah acara muzik utama di rantau ini, yang menarik lebih dari 50,000 orang setiap tahun.<a href="#cite_note-180">[174]</a> Acara lain yang diadakan secara rutin di Sarawak ialah Festival Filem Antarabangsa ASEAN, Festival Muzik Asia, <a href="/wiki/Festival_Jazz_Borneo" title="Festival Jazz Borneo">Festival Jazz Borneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Festival_Kebudayaan_Borneo" title="Festival Kebudayaan Borneo">Festival Kebudayaan Borneo</a>, dan Festival Layang-Layang Antarabangsa Borneo.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Business_Group_Tourism-178">[172]</a> Kompleks membeli-belah utama di wilayah Sarawak termasuk The Spring, Boulevard, Pusat Hock Lee, pusat beli-belah One City di Kuching,<a href="#cite_note-181">[175]</a> dan Bintang Megamall, Boulevard, Imperial Mall, dan pusat membeli-belah Miri Plaza di Miri.<a href="#cite_note-182">[176]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <caption>Statistik ketibaan pelancong Sarawak<a href="#cite_note-tourist2015-176">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pulling_more_tourists_to_Sarawak-177">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[177]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Petunjuk utama pelancongan </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Ketibaan asing (berjuta-juta) </th> <td>1.897 </td> <td>2.343 </td> <td>2.635 </td> <td>2.665 </td> <td>2.996 </td> <td>2.497 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ketibaan Domestik (Malaysia Barat dan Sabah) (berjuta-juta) </th> <td>1.373 </td> <td>1.452 </td> <td>1.434 </td> <td>1.707 </td> <td>1.862 </td> <td>2.020 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jumlah ketibaan (berjuta-juta) </th> <td>3.271 </td> <td>3.795 </td> <td>4.069 </td> <td>4.372 </td> <td>4.858 </td> <td>4.517 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jumlah penerimaan pelancongan, berbilion (RM) </th> <td>6.618 </td> <td>7.914 </td> <td>8.573 </td> <td>9.588 </td> <td>10.686 </td> <td>9.870 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jumlah resit pelancongan, berbilion (ASD bersamaan) </th> <td>1.489 </td> <td>2.374 </td> <td>2.786 </td> <td>2.876 </td> <td>3.206 </td> <td>N/A </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrasktruktur">Infrasktruktur</h2></div> Aspek pembangunan infrastruktur di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> adalah sangat penting bagi menjamin keselesaan dan keselamatan masyarakat setempat. Pembangunan projek infrastruktur ini akan diawasi sepenuhnya oleh tiga buah kementerian yang bertanggungjawab di Sarawak, iaitu Kementerian Pengangkutan Sarawak (MoTS), Kementerian Komunikasi dan Utiliti Sarawak (MUT), dan Kementerian Kesihatan Awam, Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan Sarawak (MPHLG). Walaupun semua pembangunan projek-projek infrastruktur kini di bawah kuasa Kerajaan Sarawak, namun tahap pembangunan infrastruktur di Sarawak masih belum berkembang sepenuhnya jika dibandingkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Malaysia" title="Semenanjung Malaysia">Semenanjung Malaysia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bekalan_Elektrik_dan_Air">Bekalan Elektrik dan Air</h3></div> Pada tahun 2022, 97% daripada semua kawasan bandar, kawasan pinggir bandar, dan kawasan perbandaran baharu di semua daerah di wilayah Sarawak sudah dibekalkan dengan tenaga elektrik. Namun begitu, yang lebih membimbangkan adalah pada tahun 2018, hanya 39% kawasan luar bandar dan perkampungan masih belum menerima bekalan elektrik yang mencukupi. Akhirnya pada tahun 2023, kadar liputan elektrik di kawasan luar bandar dan perkampungan di Sarawak kini meningkat kepada 94%. <a href="#cite_note-185">[179]</a> Sejumlah badan yang berbeza menguruskan bekalan air bergantung kepada tanggungjawab wilayah mereka, termasuk Lembaga Air Kuching (KWB), Lembaga Air Sibu (SWB), dan LAKU Management Sdn Bhd, yang mengendalikan bekalan air di Miri, Bintulu dan Limbang masing-masing,<a href="#cite_note-Transport_and_Infrastructure-186">[180]</a> dan Jabatan Bekalan Air Luar Bandar yang menguruskan bekalan air untuk kawasan selebihnya.<a href="#cite_note-187">[181]</a> Setakat 2014<a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarawak&action=edit">[kemas kini]</a>, 82% daripada kawasan luar bandar mempunyai bekalan air bersih.<a href="#cite_note-water_and_electricity-188">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telekomunikasi_dan_Liputan_Internet">Telekomunikasi dan Liputan Internet</h3></div> Menurut artikel 2015, penembusan internet isi rumah di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> lebih rendah daripada purata negara Malaysia, 41.2% berbanding 58.6%, dengan 58.5% penggunaan internet berada di kawasan bandar dan 29.9% di kawasan luar bandar. Sebagai perbandingan, pengambilan telekomunikasi mudah alih di Sarawak adalah setanding dengan purata kebangsaan, 93.3% berbanding purata kebangsaan 94.2%, setanding dengan negeri jiran Sabah.<a href="#cite_note-189">[183]</a> Infrastruktur telekomunikasi mudah alih, menara siaran khas, dibina dan diuruskan oleh pihak <a class="mw-selflink selflink">kerajaan Sarawak</a> menerusi Sacofa Sdn Bhd, yang menikmati liputan internet berkelajuan tinggi (high speed internet coverages) di seluruh wilayah Sarawak selepas syarikat itu diberikan perjanjian eksklusif selama 20 tahun mengenai penyediaan perkhidmatan, pelaksanaan pemasangan internet tanpa wayar, penyelenggaraan jaringan telekomunikasi, penambahbaikan liputan internet yang lebih moden, serta hak penyewaan menara telekomunikasi di wilayah ini. Setakat tahun 2023, menurut satu tinjauan pengguna yang diperolehi oleh <a href="/wiki/Suruhanjaya_Komunikasi_dan_Multimedia_Malaysia" title="Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia">Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia</a>, didapati terdapat 8 buah syarikat telekomunikasi yang masih aktif beroperasi secara menyeluruh di wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, iaitu Digi, Maxis Hotlink, U Mobile, Celcom, Tune Talk, redONE Mobile, XOX Mobile, dan Unifi Mobile. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_dan_Penyiaran">Media dan Penyiaran</h3></div> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wilayah Sarawak</a> tidak lagi dipinggirkan sepenuhnya daripada arus penyiaran media, hak kebebasan media, serta hak milik penyiaran tempatan dan juga antarabangsa. Ini terbukti apabila <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> kini mempunyai stesen televisyen hak milik <a class="mw-selflink selflink">kerajaan Sarawak sendiri</a>, iaitu <a href="/wiki/TVS_(saluran_TV_Malaysia)" title="TVS (saluran TV Malaysia)">TVS</a>. Stesen televisyen <a href="/wiki/TVS_(saluran_TV_Malaysia)" title="TVS (saluran TV Malaysia)">TVS</a> kini dioperasikan secara menyeluruh oleh <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Media_Group" title="Sarawak Media Group">Sarawak Media Group</a> (SMG). Industri penyiaran televisyen, penyiaran radio, penyiaran aplikasi digital, serta industri seni kreatif di wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> kini terletak di bawah bidang kuasa <a class="mw-selflink selflink">kerajaan Sarawak</a>, melalui dua buah kementerian yang bertanggungjawab, iaitu Kementerian Utiliti dan Telekomunikasi Sarawak (MUT) dan juga Kementerian Pelancongan, Industri Kreatif, dan Seni Persembahan Sarawak (MTCP). Tumpuan <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kerajaan Sarawak</a> ketika ini adalah untuk memperkasakan mutu dan kualiti penyiaran televisyen milik penuh wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> sendiri, iaitu dengan melaksanakan penambahan sebanyak tujuh lagi saluran televisyen berdefinisi tinggi (HD) baharu milik <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Media_Group" title="Sarawak Media Group">Sarawak Media Group</a> (SMG) dengan kerjasama dua buah syarikat media penyiaran, iaitu <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astro_Malaysia_Holdings" class="extiw" title="en:Astro Malaysia Holdings">Astro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>) dan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediacorp" class="extiw" title="en:Mediacorp">Mediacorp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>). Ini sekaligus dapat mencukupi jumlah keseluruhan saluran televisyen digital terestrial milik <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Media_Group" title="Sarawak Media Group">Sarawak Media Group (SMG)</a>, iaitu sebanyak lapan buah saluran televisyen di wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> sahaja. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kerajaan Sarawak</a> juga berhasrat akan menubuhkan Majlis Penyiaran Sarawak ( Sarawak Broadcasting Council ) selaras dengan status <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> sebagai sebuah wilayah yang moden dan pesat membangun. Selain daripada itu, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kerajaan Sarawak</a> semestinya akan menumpukan kepada penglibatan semua golongan muda serta golongan professional dalam mempertingkat mutu dan kualiti penyiaran media <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. Ini termasuk penambahan kapasiti kakitangan baharu <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Media_Group" title="Sarawak Media Group">Sarawak Media Group</a> (SMG), pembangunan bakat golongan muda, pembangunan sektor penyiaran media dan digital <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, serta pembangunan sosial dan budaya masyarakat pelbagai etnik di wilayah ini. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengangkutan">Pengangkutan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Pengangkutan_di_Sarawak" title="Pengangkutan di Sarawak">Pengangkutan di Sarawak</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:KIA_newterminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/KIA_newterminal.jpg/250px-KIA_newterminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/KIA_newterminal.jpg/330px-KIA_newterminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/KIA_newterminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="307" /></a><figcaption>Terminal <a href="/wiki/Lapangan_Terbang_Antarabangsa_Kuching" title="Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuching">Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuching</a></figcaption></figure> Berdasarkan tuntutan-tuntutan perkara yang termaktub dalam <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Malaysia" title="Perjanjian Malaysia">Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 (MA63)</a>, sistem pengangkutan wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> adalah merupakan suatu keutamaan yang harus dilaksanakan oleh pihak Kerajaan Sarawak sendiri, selain daripada kuasa autonomi pendidikan, kuasa autonomi kesihatan, kuasa autonomi pentadbiran wilayah, hak keselamatan wilayah, dan juga kuasa autonomi kewangan wilayah Sarawak. Sama seperti banyak bekas wilayah British, Sarawak menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Jalan_raya_kembar" title="Jalan raya kembar">jalan raya kembar</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Pemanduan_di_sebelah_kanan_atau_kiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemanduan di sebelah kanan atau kiri">pemanduan di sebelah kiri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[184]</a> Sehingga 2013, Sarawak mempunyai sejumlah 32,091 kilometer jalan raya yang bersambung, dengan 18,003 kilometer laluan negara berturap, 8,313 kilometer trek kotoran, 4,352 kilometer jalan kelikir, dan 1,424 kilometer lebuh raya persekutuan berturap. Laluan utama di Sarawak ialah <a href="/wiki/Lebuhraya_Pan_Borneo" title="Lebuhraya Pan Borneo">Lebuhraya Pan Borneo</a>, yang beroperasi dari Sematan, Sarawak, melalui Brunei ke Tawau, Sabah.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford_transport-191">[185]</a> Walaupun menjadi lebuh raya utama, keadaan Pan Borneo yang buruk menyebabkan banyak kemalangan dan kematian.<a href="#cite_note-192">[186]</a> Kontrak bernilai 16 bilion ringgit telah diberikan kepada beberapa syarikat tempatan pada Disember 2016 untuk menambah jambatan kenderaan dan jambatan pejalan kaki, persimpangan dan tempat perlindungan bas ke lebuh raya sebagai sebahagian daripada projek multi-fasa.<a href="#cite_note-193">[187]</a> Pernah ada landasan kereta api sebelum perang, tetapi akhirnya dileraikan pada tahun 1959.<a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a> Projek kereta api diumumkan pada tahun 2008 untuk selaras dengan keperluan pengangkutan SCORE, tetapi kerja pembinaan belum bermula walaupun tarikh siap dijangka pada tahun 2015.<a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a> Mulai tahun 2019 sehingga kini, <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Kerajaan Negeri Sarawak">Kerajaan Sarawak</a> sedang melaksanakan projek pembangunan menyeluruh sistem pengangkutan baharu <a href="/wiki/Transit_Aliran_Autonomi" title="Transit Aliran Autonomi">Transit Aliran Autonomi</a> (ART) menerusi pelan pembangunan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_Pengangkutan_Bandar_Kuching" title="Sistem Pengangkutan Bandar Kuching">Sistem Pengangkutan Bandar Kuching (KUTS)</a>, yang menghubungkan empat bahagian utama di wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, iaitu <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Kuching" title="Bahagian Kuching">Bahagian Kuching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Samarahan" title="Bahagian Samarahan">Bahagian Samarahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Serian" title="Bahagian Serian">Bahagian Serian</a>, dan juga <a href="/wiki/Simanggang" title="Simanggang">Bahagian Sri Aman</a> dengan projek yang akan siap sepenuhnya selewat-lewatnya pada pertengahan tahun 2026.<a href="#cite_note-196">[190]</a> Pada masa ini, bas adalah mod pengangkutan awam utama di Sarawak dengan perkhidmatan antaranegara yang menghubungkan negeri ini dengan Sabah, Brunei, dan Malaysia <a href="/wiki/Kota_Pontianak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota Pontianak">Pontianak</a> (Indonesia).<a href="#cite_note-Transport_and_Infrastructure-186">[180]</a> Pengangkutan udara memainkan peranan yang lebih signifikan dan penting untuk <a class="mw-selflink selflink">wilayah Sarawak</a>. Ini kerana Sarawak dapat dihubungkan sepenuhnya oleh beberapa lapangan terbang, dengan adanya <a href="/wiki/Lapangan_Terbang_Antarabangsa_Kuching" title="Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuching">Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuching</a>, yang terletak di barat laut Bandaraya Kuching. Penerbangan dari Kuching adalah terutamanya ke Kuala Lumpur tetapi juga ke Johor Bahru, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Kelantan, Singapura dan Pontianak, Indonesia. Selain daripada itu, terdapat juga lapangan terbang kedua iaitu <a href="/wiki/Lapangan_Terbang_Miri" title="Lapangan Terbang Miri">Lapangan Terbang Miri</a> yang turut mengendalikan penerbangan dalam negara dan juga penerbangan antarabangsa yang lain. Terdapat juga lapangan terbang domestik di Sarawak seperti <a href="/wiki/Lapangan_Terbang_Sibu" title="Lapangan Terbang Sibu">Lapangan Terbang Sibu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapangan_Terbang_Bintulu" title="Lapangan Terbang Bintulu">Lapangan Terbang Bintulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapangan_Terbang_Mukah" title="Lapangan Terbang Mukah">Lapangan Terbang Mukah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapangan_Terbang_Marudi" title="Lapangan Terbang Marudi">Lapangan Terbang Marudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapangan_Terbang_Mulu" class="mw-disambig" title="Lapangan Terbang Mulu">Lapangan Terbang Mulu</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Lapangan_Terbang_Limbang" title="Lapangan Terbang Limbang">Lapangan Terbang Limbang</a>, sekaligus juga menyediakan perkhidmatan penerbangan domestik di dalam <a class="mw-selflink selflink">wilayah Sarawak</a> dan juga negeri-negeri lain di Malaysia. Selain daripada itu, ada juga beberapa jalur udara terpencil yang berkhidmat untuk masyarakat luar bandar di kawasan wilayah ini.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford_transport-191">[185]</a> Sehingga kini hanya terdapat dua syarikat penerbangan yang masih beroperasi di wilayah Sarawak, iaitu <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysia Airlines">Malaysia Airlines</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Air_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Asia">Air Asia</a>. Tumpuan penuh <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Kerajaan Negeri Sarawak">Kerajaan Sarawak</a> ketika ini adalah untuk menubuhkan serta mewujudkan sebuah syarikat penerbangan awam milik penuh <a class="mw-selflink selflink">wilayah Sarawak</a> sendiri, iaitu Sarawak Airlines (yang menggantikan sepenuhnya perkhidmatan penerbangan terdahulu, <a href="/wiki/MASWings" class="mw-redirect" title="MASWings">MASWings</a>), yang dijangka akan menawarkan beberapa destinasi utama di seluruh <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> dan di seluruh <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> dengan harga yang sangat berpatutan, selain daripada menumpukan juga penerbangan domestik dan juga penerbangan serantau di dalam negara-negara pilihan seperti <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Darussalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei Darussalam">Brunei Darussalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pelabuhan_dan_Perkapalan">Pelabuhan dan Perkapalan</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:RTG_at_Bintulu_International_Container_Terminal_(BICT).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/RTG_at_Bintulu_International_Container_Terminal_%28BICT%29.jpg/220px-RTG_at_Bintulu_International_Container_Terminal_%28BICT%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/RTG_at_Bintulu_International_Container_Terminal_%28BICT%29.jpg/330px-RTG_at_Bintulu_International_Container_Terminal_%28BICT%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/RTG_at_Bintulu_International_Container_Terminal_%28BICT%29.jpg/440px-RTG_at_Bintulu_International_Container_Terminal_%28BICT%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Terminal Kontena Antarabangsa Bintulu (BICT) di pelabuhan Bintulu</figcaption></figure> Sarawak mempunyai empat pelabuhan utama yang terletak di Kuching, Sibu, Bintulu, dan Miri.<a href="#cite_note-Transport_and_Infrastructure-186">[180]</a> Pelabuhan paling sibuk di Bintulu adalah di bawah bidang kuasa kerajaan persekutuan Malaysia dan kebanyakannya mengendalikan produk LNG dan kargo biasa. Pelabuhan yang tinggal adalah di bawah pihak berkuasa pelabuhan negeri masing-masing. Pengambilan gabungan empat pelabuhan utama adalah 61.04 juta ton berat barang (FWT) pada tahun 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford_transport-191">[185]</a> Sarawak mempunyai 55 saluran sungai yang dilayari dengan panjang gabungan 3,300 kilometer. Selama berabad-abad sungai-sungai Sarawak menjadi alat pengangkutan utama serta laluan untuk kayu dan barang-barang pertanian lain yang bergerak di bawah air untuk dieksport di pelabuhan utama di negara ini. Pelabuhan Sibu, yang terletak sejauh 113 kilometer dari mulut sungai, merupakan hab utama di sepanjang Sungai Rajang terutamanya mengendalikan produk kayu. Walau bagaimanapun, pengeluaran pelabuhan Sibu telah berkurangan selepas bertahun-tahun selepas Pelabuhan Perindustrian Tanjung Manis (TIMP) mula beroperasi terus ke arah bawah.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford_transport-191">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penjagaan_Kesihatan">Penjagaan Kesihatan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Senarai_hospital_di_Malaysia" title="Senarai hospital di Malaysia">Senarai hospital di Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:27_August_2011_Sarawak_General_Hospital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/27_August_2011_Sarawak_General_Hospital.jpg/220px-27_August_2011_Sarawak_General_Hospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/27_August_2011_Sarawak_General_Hospital.jpg/330px-27_August_2011_Sarawak_General_Hospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/27_August_2011_Sarawak_General_Hospital.jpg/440px-27_August_2011_Sarawak_General_Hospital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3712" data-file-height="2088" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hospital_Umum_Sarawak" title="Hospital Umum Sarawak">Hospital Umum Sarawak</a></figcaption></figure> Kerajaan Sarawak kini mengutamakan isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan kesihatan masyarakat di Sarawak. Selaras dengan dasar autonomi wilayah seperti yang termaktub dalam <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Malaysia" title="Perjanjian Malaysia">Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 (MA63)</a>, isu autonomi sistem kesihatan juga difokuskan oleh kerajaan Sarawak ketika ini. Sistem penjagaan kesihatan di wilayah Sarawak masih disediakan oleh tiga buah hospital kerajaan utama di Sarawak, iaitu <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Umum_Sarawak" title="Hospital Umum Sarawak">Hospital Umum Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Sibu" title="Hospital Sibu">Hospital Sibu</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Miri" title="Hospital Miri">Hospital Miri</a>,<a href="#cite_note-197">[191]</a> dan juga beberapa hospital daerah,<a href="#cite_note-Sarawak_specialists-198">[192]</a> klinik kesihatan awam, klinik komuniti, dan klinik desa.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford_healthcare-199">[193]</a> Selain hospital dan klinik milik kerajaan persekutuan, terdapat juga beberapa hospital-hospital swasta di Sarawak<a href="#cite_note-200">[194]</a> seperti Pusat Pakar Perubatan Normah, Pusat Pakar Perubatan Timberland,<a href="#cite_note-201">[195]</a> dan Pusat Perubatan Pakar Sibu. Hospital-hospital di Sarawak biasanya menyediakan perkhidmatan penjagaan kesihatan yang lebih kompleks dan menyeluruh, dari triage hingga penjagaan paliatif untuk penyakit yang teruk. Pada tahun 1994, Jabatan Kesihatan Radioterapi, Onkologi & Penjagaan Paliatif Hospital Sarawak telah mengadakan rawatan di rumah, atau penjagaan hospis, program untuk pesakit kanser. Persatuan Hospis Sarawak tidak ditubuhkan pada tahun 1998 untuk mempromosikan program ini.<a href="#cite_note-202">[196]</a> Berbanding dengan jumlah kemudahan perubatan lain, kesihatan mental hanya diservis oleh satu kemudahan, Hospital Sentosa.<a href="#cite_note-203">[197]</a> Pelbagai perkhidmatan perubatan ini telah menjadikan Sarawak destinasi pelancongan perubatan untuk pelawat dari negara jiran Brunei dan Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-204">[198]</a> Berbanding dengan kelaziman perkhidmatan kesihatan di kawasan bandar, kebanyakan kawasan pedalaman Sarawak hanya boleh diakses oleh pengangkutan sungai, yang menghadkan akses kesihatan masyarakat di luar bandar.<a href="#cite_note-205">[199]</a> Kawasan pedalaman yang jauh di luar kawasan klinik kesihatan, kira-kira 12 kilometer,<a href="#cite_note-206">[200]</a> dan tidak dapat diakses oleh tanah atau sungai yang diservis oleh perkhidmatan penerbangan terbang bulanan, yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1973.<a href="#cite_note-207">[201]</a> Program promoter kesihatan desa, di mana sukarelawan disediakan dengan latihan perubatan asas, ditubuhkan pada tahun 1981 tetapi sukar untuk menyediakan bekalan perubatan ke kampung-kampung terpencil, serta kurangnya insentif, mengakibatkan penurunan program.<a href="#cite_note-208">[202]</a> Banyak amalan perubatan tradisional masih digunakan oleh pelbagai komuniti di Sarawak untuk menambah amalan perubatan moden tetapi amalan ini juga semakin berkurangan.<a href="#cite_note-209">[203]</a> Walau bagaimanapun, sejak tahun 2004, terdapat juga kebangkitan semula ubat tradisional di Malaysia yang membawa kepada pembentukan Unit Bahagian Perubatan Tradisional yang dimasukkan di dalam Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pendidikan_dan_Pengajian_Tinggi">Pendidikan dan Pengajian Tinggi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Senarai_sekolah_di_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai sekolah di Sarawak">Senarai sekolah di Sarawak</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Chancellory_Universiti_Malaysia_Sarawak.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Chancellory_Universiti_Malaysia_Sarawak.JPG/220px-Chancellory_Universiti_Malaysia_Sarawak.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Chancellory_Universiti_Malaysia_Sarawak.JPG/330px-Chancellory_Universiti_Malaysia_Sarawak.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Chancellory_Universiti_Malaysia_Sarawak.JPG/440px-Chancellory_Universiti_Malaysia_Sarawak.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Universiti_Malaysia_Sarawak" title="Universiti Malaysia Sarawak">Universiti Malaysia Sarawak</a> (UNIMAS)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Pendidikan_di_Malaysia" title="Pendidikan di Malaysia">Pendidikan di Malaysia</a> terletak di bawah dua kementerian persekutuan; <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Pendidikan_Malaysia" title="Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia">Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia</a> bertanggungjawab untuk pendidikan rendah dan menengah,<a href="#cite_note-Sarawak_education-210">[204]</a> manakala <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Pengajian_Tinggi_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia">Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia</a> mempunyai pengawasan terhadap universiti awam, politeknik dan kolej komuniti.<a href="#cite_note-211">[205]</a> Pendidikan awal kanak-kanak tidak dikawal secara langsung oleh Kementerian Pendidikan kerana pendidikan rendah dan menengah. Walau bagaimanapun, kementerian mengawasi pelesenan tadika swasta, bentuk utama pendidikan awal kanak-kanak, mengikut Standard Kualiti Pra Sekolah Sekolah yang dilancarkan pada tahun 2013.<a href="#cite_note-212">[206]</a> Pendidikan di wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> kini adalah keutamaan yang difokuskan sepenuhnya oleh Kerajaan Sarawak, pimpinan <a href="/wiki/Premier_Sarawak" title="Premier Sarawak">Premier Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abang_Johari_Tun_Openg" title="Abang Johari Tun Openg">Abang Johari Tun Openg</a> ketika ini. Ini kerana fokus utama pendidikan di Sarawak ada terbahagi kepada tujuh skop utama pembangunan pendidikan di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, iaitu : <ul><li>Pembangunan dan penaiktarafan infrastruktur sekolah-sekolah rendah dan menengah di seluruh Sarawak.</li> <li>Mengutamakan hal-hal berkaitan kebajikan para pelajar sekolah dan juga kebajikan warga pendidik di Sarawak.</li> <li>Mempertingkatkan kadar literasi dan pembelajaran anak-anak / para pelajar sekolah di Sarawak.</li> <li>Mengutamakan dasar autonomi pendidikan dan pengajian tinggi di Sarawak, termasuk penubuhan Lembaga Pendidikan Sarawak (Sarawak Educational Council), penubuhan Majlis Pengajian Tinggi Sarawak (Sarawak Higher Education Council), dan mewujudkan subjek Sejarah Sarawak di semua sekolah rendah dan menengah di Sarawak.</li> <li>Menghapuskan sepenuhnya stigma negatif dan pandangan buruk terhadap mutu & kualiti pendidikan di Sarawak.</li> <li>Pembangunan sistem pendidikan berorientasikan kemahiran teknikal dan vokasional (TVET), kemahiran berasaskan sains dan teknologi, serta kemahiran asas ekonomi & keusahawanan belia yang lebih kompleks dan sistematik.</li> <li>Pembangunan sistem pembelajaran dan pengajian yang berasaskan teknologi kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence Technology) yang lebih efektif dan sempurna.</li></ul> Sebelum kemerdekaan Sarawak pada tahun 1963, kadar literasi keseluruhan di wilayah Sarawak ketika itu adalah sangat rendah. Pada tahun 1950-an dan awal tahun 1960-an, kadar celik huruf keseluruhan di Sarawak adalah sebanyak 20%, dengan kadar celik yang tinggi hanya tertumpu kepada penduduk Cina sahaja iaitu 52%, jauh lebih rendah berbanding dengan penduduk pribumi asal Sarawak, hanya sebanyak 14%.<a href="#cite_note-213">[207]</a> Menjelang awal tahun 2006, selaras dengan dasar kemahiran 3M (membaca, mengira, dan menghafal) yang dilaksanakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Pendidikan_Malaysia" title="Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia">Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia</a> ketika itu, kadar literasi keseluruhan di wilayah Sarawak telahpun meningkat dengan sangat ketara iaitu sebanyak 79%. Dan pada tahun 2011 sahaja, kadar literasi kanak-kanak dan orang dewasa di seluruh Sarawak telahpun menunjukkan peningkatan yang amat baik, iaitu sebanyak 92%. Susulan daripada itu, setakat akhir tahun 2019, kadar literasi keseluruhan di wilayah Sarawak kini meningkat secara mendadak dengan jumlah sebanyak 98%, sekaligus menjadikan Sarawak sebagai sebuah wilayah dengan kadar literasi yang sangat tinggi. Terdapat 1480 sekolah di Sarawak pada tahun 2014, di mana 1271 adalah sekolah rendah, 202 sekolah menengah dan 7 sekolah menengah vokasional atau teknikal.<a href="#cite_note-214">[208]</a> Antaranya adalah beberapa sekolah yang bermula dari era Brooke, termasuk Sekolah St. Thomas (1848), Sekolah St Mary Kuching (1848), dan Sekolah St Joseph Kuching (1882).<a href="#cite_note-215">[209]</a> Selain sekolah-sekolah kerajaan, terdapat empat sekolah antarabangsa: Sekolah Tunku Putra, sekolah rendah dan menengah yang menawarkan kurikulum kebangsaan dan Cambridge, Sekolah Antarabangsa Sekolah, yang juga terbuka kepada pelajar tempatan dan menggunakan kedua-dua sistem British dan Cambridge, Kidurong International Sekolah, yang dimiliki oleh <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dutch Shell">Shell</a> dan menawarkan pendidikan rendah terutamanya kepada anak-anak pekerja tetapi kanak-kanak tempatan boleh memasuki bergantung kepada ketersediaan ruang, dan Tenby International School, yang dibuka pada tahun 2014 dan terbuka kepada kanak-kanak tempatan dan ekspatriat.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford_education-216">[210]</a> Terdapat juga 14 buah sekolah menengah kebangsaan Cina di Sarawak yang mengajar dalam bahasa Cina sebagai bahasa pengantar dan bukan bahasa Inggeris atau Melayu.<a href="#cite_note-217">[211]</a> Sebelum ini, hanya pelajar Cina yang mendaftar di sekolah-sekolah ini, tetapi mobiliti tenaga kerja membawa kepada peningkatan jumlah pelajar kerana ibu bapa berpindah ke kawasan lain untuk bekerja.<a href="#cite_note-218">[212]</a> Ini pula membawa kepada peningkatan bilangan pelajar <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera" title="Bumiputera">bumiputera</a> yang mendaftar di sekolah Cina.<a href="#cite_note-219">[213]</a> Wilayah Sarawak adalah rumah utama kepada tiga buah universiti awam yang terbaik di Sarawak, iaitu <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Malaysia_Sarawak" title="Universiti Malaysia Sarawak">Universiti Malaysia Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Teknologi_Mara" class="mw-redirect" title="Universiti Teknologi Mara">Universiti Teknologi Mara</a> di <a href="/wiki/Kota_Samarahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota Samarahan">Kota Samarahan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Putra_Malaysia_Kampus_Bintulu" title="Universiti Putra Malaysia Kampus Bintulu">Universiti Putra Malaysia</a>. Selain daripada itu, wilayah Sarawak juga mempunyai universiti-universiti milik Kerajaan Sarawak, seperti <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Curtin,_Malaysia" title="Universiti Curtin, Malaysia">Universiti Curtin, Malaysia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Teknologi_Swinburne_Kampus_Sarawak" title="Universiti Teknologi Swinburne Kampus Sarawak">Universiti Teknologi Swinburne Kampus Sarawak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sarawak_education-210">[204]</a> Dengan penubuhan SCORE dan potensi bersekutu sebanyak 1.8 juta lebih banyak pekerjaan pada tahun 2030,<a href="#cite_note-Oxford_education-216">[210]</a> Kerajaan Sarawak telah memperuntukkan sebanyak RM 15 bilion dari tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2022 kepada Tabung Pembangunan Kemahiran Sarawak untuk pendidikan teknikal dan vokasional (TVET).<a href="#cite_note-220">[214]</a> Pada tahun 2015, <a href="/wiki/Petronas" title="Petronas">Petronas</a> menyediakan biasiswa vokasional kepada 150 pelajar Sarawak yang kurang bernasib baik sebagai sebahagian daripada program Penajaan dan Latihan Institusi Vokasional,<a href="#cite_note-221">[215]</a> walaupun dikritik kerana kurangnya wakil daripada pelajar-pelajar tempatan dalam peruntukannya yang terdahulu;<a href="#cite_note-222">[216]</a> syarikat itu juga memberi sokongan kepada semua pusat pendidikan vokasional Sarawak yang lain.<a href="#cite_note-223">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Demografi_Sarawak" title="Demografi Sarawak">Demografi Sarawak</a></div> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:250px; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Kumpulan etnik di Sarawak (2023)<a href="#cite_note-224">[218]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Etnik</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Peratus</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak">Dayak</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#AAF0D1y; width:31%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">31%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Melayu" class="mw-disambig" title="Melayu">Melayu</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#89CFF0; width:26%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">26%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Cina" class="mw-disambig" title="Cina">Cina</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFA07A; width:22%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">22%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Melanau" title="Melanau">Melanau</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#CCCCFF; width:12.1%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">12.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFCBA4; width:0.4%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">0.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Lain-lain</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkGray; width:11%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">11%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> Mengikut tinjauan banci penduduk negara, pada tahun 2023, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> mencatatkan jumlah penduduk sebanyak 2.95 juta penduduk, sekaligus menjadikannya sebagai negeri ketiga paling ramai penduduk di <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[219]</a> Walau bagaimanapun, populasi ini diedarkan ke kawasan yang besar sehingga menyebabkan Sarawak mempunyai kepadatan penduduk yang paling rendah di negara ini dengan hanya 20 orang setiap km2. Walaupun ia mempunyai kepadatan penduduk yang rendah, purata kadar pertumbuhan penduduk 1.8%, dari tahun 2000 hingga 2010, sangat dekat dengan purata kebangsaan 2.0%.<a href="#cite_note-State_Planning_Unit_stats-3">[3]</a> Pada tahun 2014, 58% daripada penduduk tinggal di kawasan bandar dengan bakinya di kawasan luar bandar, tetapi dalam tempoh 10 tahun akan datang ia diramalkan bahawa populasi bandar akan meningkat kepada 65%.<a href="#cite_note-226">[220]</a> Setakat 2011<a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarawak&action=edit">[kemas kini]</a>, kadar kelahiran kasar di Sarawak adalah 16.3 setiap 1000 individu, kadar kematian kasar adalah 4.3 bagi setiap 1000 penduduk, dan kadar kematian bayi adalah 6.5 setiap 1000 kelahiran hidup.<a href="#cite_note-227">[221]</a> Populasi bandar terdiri daripada orang <a href="/wiki/Melayu" class="mw-disambig" title="Melayu">Melayu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cina" class="mw-disambig" title="Cina">Cina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanau" title="Melanau">Melanau</a>, dan juga sebahagian besar komuniti <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> dan komuniti <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a> yang berpindah dari kampung halaman mereka yang mencari pekerjaan.<a href="#cite_note-Sarawak_Convention_Bureau-228">[222]</a> Dua etnik ini adalah antara lebih daripada 40 <a href="/wiki/Kelompok_etnik" title="Kelompok etnik">kelompok etnik</a> di Sarawak, yang kebanyakannya masih tinggal di kawasan terpencil dan dirujuk sebagai <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asal" title="Orang Asal">Orang Asal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[223]</a> Orang Asal, dan orang Melayu, <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Malaysia" title="Semenanjung Malaysia">Semenanjung Malaysia</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> disebut secara kolektif sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera" title="Bumiputera">Bumiputera</a>. Klasifikasi ini memberikan mereka keistimewaan istimewa dalam pendidikan, pekerjaan, kewangan, dan kedudukan politik.<a href="#cite_note-230">[224]</a> Hak <a href="/wiki/Kewarganegaraan" title="Kewarganegaraan">kewarganegaraan</a> rakyat <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> masih menjadi topik utama di seluruh wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. Pendaftaran dan pengeluaran kad pengenalan nasional, dokumen yang diperlukan secara sah untuk mengakses pelbagai perkhidmatan sama ada untuk urusan berkaitan bantuan-bantuan khas kewangan kerajaan, urusan pendaftaran pendidikan anak-anak, urusan pendaftaran lesen dan permit kenderaan, urusan berkaitan pengurusan perbankan, dan juga untuk urusan pelancongan ke negara-negara lain di <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. Walau bagaimanpun, isu <a href="/wiki/Kewarganegaraan" title="Kewarganegaraan">kewarganegaraan</a> masih terkesan dan menjadi masalah kepada suku-suku terpencil di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> selama bertahun-tahun,<a href="#cite_note-231">[225]</a> dan isu kewarganegaraan yang tidak berkesudahan ini telah mengakibatkan sejumlah besar orang dari kumpulan etnik <a href="/wiki/Penan" title="Penan">Penan</a> yang menjadi tidak berkuat kuasa secara berkesan.<a href="#cite_note-232">[226]</a> Dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, isu <a href="/wiki/Kewarganegaraan" title="Kewarganegaraan">kewarganegaraan</a> ini telah menyaksikan peningkatan progresif dengan pelaksanaan sistem pendaftaran <a href="/wiki/MyKad" title="MyKad">MyKad</a> yang baharu seperti mewujudkan unit pendaftaran bergerak.<a href="#cite_note-233">[227]</a> Sarawak mempunyai tenaga kerja imigran yang berdaftar, iaitu seramai 56,892 pekerja asing yang sah dan didaftarkan sepenuhnya oleh kerajaan <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> menerusi Jabatan Tenaga Kerja Sarawak (JTKS). Kebanyakan pekerja imigran yang berdaftar masih bekerja dalam sektor-sektor tertentu seperti pembinaan perumahan atau bangunan, perladangan, pertanian, perindustrian, perkilangan, dan perkhidmatan berasaskan barangan keperluan seharian.<a href="#cite_note-234">[228]</a> Meskipun begitu, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> masih dibayangi dengan kemasukan tenaga asing secara haram dan tidak berdaftar. Berdasarkan laporan terkini oleh Jabatan Imigresen Malaysia, dianggarkan sebanyak 71,580 tenaga asing disahkan memasuki <a class="mw-selflink selflink">wilayah Sarawak</a> secara haram dan tidak berdaftar sejak dari tahun 2001 sehingga tahun 2023. <a href="#cite_note-235">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kumpulan_etnik">Kumpulan etnik</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ethnic_groups_in_sarawak.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ethnic_groups_in_sarawak.png/220px-Ethnic_groups_in_sarawak.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ethnic_groups_in_sarawak.png/330px-Ethnic_groups_in_sarawak.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ethnic_groups_in_sarawak.png/440px-Ethnic_groups_in_sarawak.png 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="985" /></a><figcaption>Kumpulan etnik utama di Sarawak. Dari arah kanan atas: Gadis Melanau dengan Baju Kurung tradisional, wanita Cina Sarawak dengan pakaian tradisi Cheongsam, seorang gadis Bidayuh, dan seorang pahlawan Iban dalam pakaian tradisionalnya.</figcaption></figure> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> mempunyai enam kumpulan etnik utama, <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orang_Cina_Malaysia" title="Orang Cina Malaysia">Cina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melayu" class="mw-disambig" title="Melayu">Melayu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanau" title="Melanau">Melanau</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Ulu" title="Orang Ulu">Orang Ulu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Sarawak_Convention_Bureau-228">[222]</a> serta beberapa kumpulan etnik dengan populasi yang lebih kecil tetapi masih banyak, seperti <a href="/wiki/Kedayan" title="Kedayan">Kedayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bugis" title="Bugis">Bugis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murut" title="Murut">Murut</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[230]</a> Pada tahun 2015, dua etnik terbesar di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, iaitu etnik <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> dan etnik <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a>, secara rasmi kini diiktiraf oleh <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Kerajaan Malaysia</a> sebagai sebahagian daripada bangsa peribumi <a href="/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak">Dayak</a>. Bangsa <a href="/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak">Dayak</a> juga kini diiktiraf sepenuhnya sebagai bangsa etnik majoriti oleh <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu">Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu</a> (PBB).<a href="#cite_note-237">[231]</a> Berdasarkan statistik terkini pada tahun 2023, sebanyak 1.73 juta penduduk berbangsa <a href="/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak">Dayak</a> di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, sekaligus menjadikan bangsa <a href="/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak">Dayak</a> sebagai kumpulan etnik yang terbesar di wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> ini. <a href="#cite_note-238">[232]</a> Etnik <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> (Sea Dayak) merupakan etnik majoriti di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, dengan populasinya sebanyak 1.18 juta penduduk pada tahun 2023. Pada masa dahulu sebelum wujudnya kerajaan British di Sarawak, masyarakat Iban biasanya memberikan perhatian khusus kepada status sosial, terutama kepada mereka yang mempamerkan kecakapan militer serta mereka yang menunjukkan kepakaran dalam pelbagai bidang seperti pertanian dan pidato. Istilah khusus digunakan untuk merujuk kepada mereka yang dipunyai oleh strata sosial tertentu, seperti raja berani (masyarakat kaya dan berani), orang mayuh (masyarakat biasa), dan ulun (hamba).<a href="#cite_note-239">[233]</a> Sejak kerajaan British berjaya memperluaskan pemerintahannya di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, masyarakat Iban tidak lagi mengamalkan budaya-budaya kuno termasuk tradisi memenggal kepala (headhunting). <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Kerajaan British</a> akhirnya bersetuju untuk menamakan masyarakat etnik <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> sebagai Dayak Laut (Sea Dayak). Pada masa yang sama juga, masyarakat etnik <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> kini mengamalkan serta menganuti ajaran agama <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a>, seiring dengan ajaran agama yang diamalkan oleh <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Kerajaan British</a> di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> dahulu. Walaupun <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> sudah mengalami banyak perubahan secara moden dan menyeluruh, tetapi masyarakat etnik <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> masih mengamalkan ritual tradisional asal mereka seperti Pesta <a href="/wiki/Gawai_Antu" class="mw-redirect" title="Gawai Antu">Gawai Antu</a> (perayaan orang mati) dan Perayaan <a href="/wiki/Gawai_Dayak" class="mw-redirect" title="Gawai Dayak">Gawai Dayak</a> (Pesta Menuai).<a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a> Masyarakat etnik <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> juga tidak lagi dipinggirkan daripada arus pemodenan dan pembangunan wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. Ini merangkumi keutamaan golongan muda dari etnik <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> dalam sektor-sektor penting seperti sektor perkhidmatan awam dan swasta, sektor ekonomi dan pelaburan, sektor sains dan teknologi, sektor pendidikan, sektor pertahanan, bidang keusahawanan, sektor kejuruteraan digital, sektor aeroangkasa, sektor pertanian moden, serta sektor perindustrian yang berimpak tinggi. Walaupun kehadiran masyarikat <a href="/wiki/Cina_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cina Malaysia">Cina</a> di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> bermula pada abad ke-6 ketika peniaga pertama kali datang ke negeri ini, kebanyakan masyarakat berbangsa <a href="/wiki/Cina_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cina Malaysia">Cina</a> pada hari ini sebahagian besarnya terdiri daripada masyarakat yang berasal dari negara <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> semasa zaman pemerintahan Gabenor Sarawak pertama, <a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Welman-104">[98]</a> Penghijrahan ini didorong oleh peluang pekerjaan di lombong-lombong emas di Bau. Masyarakat komuniti Cina Sarawak terutamanya yang beragama <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Borneotrilogy-241">[235]</a> dan bercakap banyak dialek: <a href="/wiki/Kantonis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantonis">Kantonis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loghat_Fuzhou" title="Loghat Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka" title="Hakka">Hakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>, Teochew, dan Henghua (<a href="/wiki/Orang_Putian" title="Orang Putian">orang Putian</a>). Mereka menyambut perayaan-perayaan kebudayaan utama seperti Festival <a href="/wiki/Hantu_Lapar" title="Hantu Lapar">Hantu Lapar</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tahun_Baru_Cina" title="Tahun Baru Cina">Tahun Baru Cina</a> seperti nenek moyang mereka lakukan.<a href="#cite_note-STF-242">[236]</a> Penduduk Cina di Sarawak tidak terhad kepada mana-mana kawasan. Mereka yang menetap di Kuching begitu dekat dengan Sungai Sarawak di kawasan yang kini dikenali sebagai Chinatown Kuching. <a href="#cite_note-Tourism_Chinese-243">[237]</a> Imigran dari <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>, diketuai oleh <a href="/wiki/Wong_Nai_Siong" title="Wong Nai Siong">Wong Nai Siong</a> pada 1901, menetap di sepanjang Sungai Rajang dalam apa yang sekarang <a href="/wiki/Sibu" title="Sibu">Sibu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-244">[238]</a> manakala mereka yang tiba di Miri mencari kerja di lombong arang batu dan medan minyak. Kini, masyarakat Cina Sarawak sudah tertumpu kepada enam sektor utama di wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, iaitu sektor perkhidmatan awam dan swasta, sektor perniagaan dan jualan, sektor pertanian moden, sektor ekonomi perbankan, sektor hartanah, serta sektor keusahawanan moden. Jumlah penduduk yang berbangsa <a href="/wiki/Cina_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cina Malaysia">Cina</a> di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> hanyalah sebanyak 378,950 orang penduduk pada tahun 2023. Pada zaman pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a>, masyarakat etnik <a href="/wiki/Melayu" class="mw-disambig" title="Melayu">Melayu Sarawak</a> secara umumnya kebanyakannya bekerja sebagai nelayan,<a href="#cite_note-STF-242">[236]</a> yang membawa kepada kewujudan kawasan-kawasan perkampungan mereka di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. Dalam konteks ini, kebanyakan kawasan perkampungan bagi etnik <a href="/wiki/Melayu" class="mw-disambig" title="Melayu">Melayu Sarawak</a> biasanya tertumpu di kawasan-kawasan sepanjang tebing sungai. Walau bagaimanapun, dengan wujudnya bandar-bandar utama di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, ramai orang Melayu telah mula berhijrah untuk mencari pekerjaan di sektor perkhidmatam awam dan juga sektor swasta. Berdasarkan statistik terkini pada tahun 2023, sebanyak 436,820 orang penduduk di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> sahaja adalah berbangsa <a href="/wiki/Melayu" class="mw-disambig" title="Melayu">Melayu</a>. Itupun hanya meliputi 22 peratus daripada jumlah keseluruhan populasi penduduk di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. Secara tradisinya, masyarakat Melayu Sarawak sangat terkenal dengan seni kraf seperti kraf perak dan tembaga, kraf ukiran kayu, dan tekstil.<a href="#cite_note-Welman-104">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[239]</a> <a href="/wiki/Melanau" title="Melanau">Melanau</a> adalah penduduk asli Sarawak yang tinggal di kawasan terutama di sekitar kota moden Mukah, di mana mereka bekerja sebagai nelayan dan pengrajin serta pembina bot terkenal. Secara umumnya, masyarakat etnik Melanau mempraktikkan <a href="/wiki/Animisme" title="Animisme">Animisme</a>, kepercayaan bahawa roh-roh menghuni benda-benda di alam sekitar mereka, dan sementara ini masih diamalkan hari ini, kebanyakan Melanau telah diubah menjadi <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Welman-104">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ohiopress-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[nota 7]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[240]</a> Etnik <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a> (Land Dayak) merupakan etnik yang kedua terbesar di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> selepas etnik <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a>,<a href="#cite_note-248">[241]</a> yang dirujuk oleh peneroka awal Eropah sebagai Dayak Tanah (Land Dayak) kerana mereka secara tradisinya hidup di gunung batu kapur yang curam. Mengikut perangkaan pada tahun 2023, etnik <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a> menyumbang 4.7 peratus (atau sebanyak 175,400 orang penduduk) daripada populasi penduduk di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. Masyarakat etnik <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a> adalah asli bagi kawasan-kawasan yang terdiri daripada bahagian-bahagian moden di <a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Samarahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarahan">Samarahan</a>. Walaupun dianggap satu orang, bahasa mereka secara serentak menghasilkan dialek yang tidak dapat difahami oleh Bidayuh dari luar kawasan terdekat,<a href="#cite_note-249">[242]</a> mengakibatkan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">Bahasa Inggeris</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu" title="Bahasa Melayu">Bahasa Melayu</a> menjadi bahasa <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>. Seperti kebanyakan etnik-etnik yang lain, kebanyakan masyarakat etnik <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a> telah beralih kepada ajaran agama <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a>, namun ada juga komuniti etnik <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a> mengambil keputusan untuk memeluk ajaran agama <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Welman-104">[98]</a> Masyarakat etnik <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a> di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> masih mengekalkan tradisi untuk tinggal di kampung-kampung yang terdiri daripada rumah panjang, dengan penambahan sebuah rumah baruk bulat yang tersendiri di mana perhimpunan komunal diadakan.<a href="#cite_note-Welman-104">[98]</a> Kebanyakan etnik-etnik lain yang tinggal di pedalaman Sarawak seperti etnik <a href="/wiki/Kenyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyah">Kenyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayan" title="Kayan">Kayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lun_Bawang" title="Lun Bawang">Lun Bawang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelabit" title="Kelabit">Kelabit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murut" title="Murut">Murut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penan" title="Penan">Penan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisaya_(Borneo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisaya (Borneo)">Bisaya</a>, dan Berawan secara kolektifnya boleh dirujuk sebagai <a href="/wiki/Orang_Ulu" title="Orang Ulu">masyarakat etnik Orang Ulu</a>. Populasi masyarakat <a href="/wiki/Orang_Ulu" title="Orang Ulu">Orang Ulu</a> di Sarawak adalah yang ketiga terbesar di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> selepas etnik <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> dan etnik <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a>. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Iban" title="Bahasa Iban">bahasa Iban</a>, nama ini bermaksud "Orang-orang Penghala", yang mencerminkan lokasi puak-puak ini;<a href="#cite_note-Welman-104">[98]</a> Kebanyakan mereka berada berhampiran dengan lembangan saliran Sungai Baram.<a href="#cite_note-Orang_Ulu_tourism-250">[243]</a> Kedua-dua kerajinan kayu dan kesenian adalah aspek yang sangat terlihat dari kebudayaan Orang Ulu yang dicontohkan oleh rumah panjang berteduh mural, perahu kayu ukir, dan cacahan (tatu).<a href="#cite_note-Welman-104">[98]</a> Instrumen muzik terkenal dari Orang Ulu adalah kugiran Kayan <a href="/wiki/Sapeh" title="Sapeh">sapeh</a> atau Sape, dan Kenyah sampe' dan kugiran buluh Lun Bawang. Orang Kelabit dan Lun Bawang dikenali kerana pengeluaran beras wangi mereka.<a href="#cite_note-Orang_Ulu_tourism-250">[243]</a> Seperti kebanyakan majoriti penduduk etnik lain di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>, majoriti masyarakat <a href="/wiki/Orang_Ulu" title="Orang Ulu">Orang Ulu</a> kini mengamalkan ajaran agama <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Welman-104">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agama">Agama</h3></div> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:250px; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Agama di Sarawak (2023)<a href="#cite_note-251">[244]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Agama</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Peratus</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:52%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">52%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:31%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">31%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:10.1%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">10.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Cina" class="mw-disambig" title="Cina">Cina</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Magenta; width:0.6%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">0.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Tidak_beragama" title="Tidak beragama">Tidak beragama</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.2%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em">Tidak diketahui</td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgrey; width:0.1%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">0.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em">Lain-lain</td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gray; width:0.1%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">0.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:0.2%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">0.2%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div>Walaupun Islam adalah agama rasmi persekutuan, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> merupakan wilayah yang tidak mempunyai mana-mana agama rasmi.<a href="#cite_note-252">[245]</a> Walau bagaimanapun, semasa pengetua <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Ya%27kub" title="Abdul Rahman Ya'kub">Abdul Rahman Ya'kub</a>, Perlembagaan <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> telah dipinda untuk menjadikan Yang di-Pertuan Agong sebagai ketua Islam di Sarawak dan memberi kuasa kepada dewan negeri untuk menyebarkan undang-undang mengenai urusan Islam. Dengan peruntukan sedemikian, dasar Islam dapat dirumuskan di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">wilayah Sarawak</a> dan penubuhan agensi negara Islam adalah mungkin. Rang Undang-undang Majlis Islam 1978 membolehkan pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Syariah_di_Malaysia" title="Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia">Mahkamah Syariah</a> di Sarawak dengan bidang kuasa ke atas hak penjagaan anak perempuan, hak asuh kanak-kanak, pertunangan, warisan, dan jenayah di wilayah ini. Mahkamah Rayuan dan Mahkamah Kadi juga dibentuk.<a href="#cite_note-Faisal-81">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[nota 8]</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wilayah Sarawak</a> adalah satu-satunya wilayah Borneo di <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> di mana masyarakat beragama <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a> berjaya mengalahkan masyarakat beragama <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Mubaligh <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a> terawal di Sarawak adalah <a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Gereja_England" title="Mazhab Gereja England">Mazhab Gereja England</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglikanisme" title="Anglikanisme">Anglikan</a>) pada tahun 1848, diikuti oleh <a href="/wiki/Roman_Katolik" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Katolik">Roman Katolik</a> beberapa tahun kemudian, dan Methodis pada 1903. Penginjilan pertama berlaku di kalangan imigran Cina sebelum menyebarkan kepada <a href="/wiki/Animisme" title="Animisme">animis</a> asli.<a href="#cite_note-254">[246]</a> Denominasi Kristian di Sarawak ialah <a href="/wiki/Misi_Evangelikal_Borneo" title="Misi Evangelikal Borneo">Misi Evangelikal Borneo</a> (atau <a href="/wiki/Sidang_Injil_Borneo" title="Sidang Injil Borneo">Sidang Injil Borneo</a>),<a href="#cite_note-255">[247]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Baptis" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptis">Baptis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[248]</a> Orang asli seperti Iban, Bidayuh, dan Orang Ulu telah mengadopsi agama Kristian walaupun mereka menyimpan beberapa upacara keagamaan tradisional mereka. Ramai umat Islam datang dari kumpulan etnik <a href="/wiki/Melayu" class="mw-disambig" title="Melayu">Melayu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanau" title="Melanau">Melanau</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kayan" title="Kayan">Kayan</a>. Agama <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme">Taoisme</a>, dan agama Cina kebanyakannya diamalkan oleh rakyat <a href="/wiki/Cina_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cina Malaysia">Cina Malaysia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[249]</a> Agama minor lain di Sarawak adalah <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í">Baha'i</a>,<a href="#cite_note-258">[250]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme">Hinduisme</a>,<a href="#cite_note-259">[251]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sikhisme" title="Sikhisme">Sikhisme</a>,<a href="#cite_note-260">[252]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Animisme" title="Animisme">animisme</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[253]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Tapak keagamaan di Wilayah Sarawak</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/Fail:St_Joseph_Church,_Kuching,_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Katedral St. Joseph"><img alt="Katedral St. Joseph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/St_Joseph_Church%2C_Kuching%2C_Malaysia.jpg/270px-St_Joseph_Church%2C_Kuching%2C_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/St_Joseph_Church%2C_Kuching%2C_Malaysia.jpg/405px-St_Joseph_Church%2C_Kuching%2C_Malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/St_Joseph_Church%2C_Kuching%2C_Malaysia.jpg/540px-St_Joseph_Church%2C_Kuching%2C_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Katedral St. Joseph</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sarawak_State_Mosque_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Masjid Negeri Sarawak Lama"><img alt="Masjid Negeri Sarawak Lama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sarawak_State_Mosque_02.jpg/277px-Sarawak_State_Mosque_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sarawak_State_Mosque_02.jpg/415px-Sarawak_State_Mosque_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sarawak_State_Mosque_02.jpg/553px-Sarawak_State_Mosque_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="1271" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Masjid Negeri Sarawak Lama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 169.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 167.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Hong_San_Si_Temple_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kuil Hong San Si"><img alt="Kuil Hong San Si" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Hong_San_Si_Temple_03.jpg/251px-Hong_San_Si_Temple_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Hong_San_Si_Temple_03.jpg/376px-Hong_San_Si_Temple_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Hong_San_Si_Temple_03.jpg/501px-Hong_San_Si_Temple_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2344" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kuil Hong San Si</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahasa">Bahasa</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sarawak_Families_Languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sarawak_Families_Languages.png/220px-Sarawak_Families_Languages.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sarawak_Families_Languages.png/330px-Sarawak_Families_Languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sarawak_Families_Languages.png/440px-Sarawak_Families_Languages.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>Pengedaran keluarga bahasa Sarawak ditunjukkan dengan warna: (klik imej untuk membesarkan) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Malayik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa-bahasa Malayik">Dayak Laut</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Orang_Ulu" title="Orang Ulu">Borneo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bidayuh" title="Bahasa Bidayuh">Dayak Tanah</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384" /><div class="legend">  Kawasan dengan bahasa dialek minoriti </div> </figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">Bahasa Inggeris</a> adalah bahasa rasmi Sarawak dari tahun 1963 hingga 1974 kerana bantahan dari <a href="/wiki/Ketua_Menteri_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketua Menteri Sarawak">Ketua Menteri Sarawak</a> Pertama <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kalong_Ningkan" title="Stephen Kalong Ningkan">Stephen Kalong Ningkan</a> untuk penggunaan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu" title="Bahasa Melayu">bahasa Melayu</a> di Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-Ibanmalaysian-262">[254]</a> Pada tahun 1974 Ketua Menteri yang baru, Abdul Rahman Ya'kub mengiktiraf bahasa Melayu bersama Bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa rasmi Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-Faisal-81">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[nota 9]</a> Status baru yang diberikan kepada bahasa Melayu ini diperkuat lagi oleh standard pendidikan baru yang melancarkan kurikulum kepada bahasa Melayu.<a href="#cite_note-264">[255]</a> Pada tahun 1985 bahasa Inggeris hilang status bahasa rasmi, hanya tinggal bahasa Melayu.<a href="#cite_note-Ibanmalaysian-262">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[nota 10]</a> Walaupun dasar rasmi, ahli-ahli pembangkang Sarawak berhujah bahawa bahasa Inggeris kekal sebagai bahasa rasmi <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> di Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-266">[256]</a> Bahasa Inggeris masih dituturkan di mahkamah undang-undang, dan dewan perundangan negeri.<a href="#cite_note-267">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[258]</a> Pada tahun 2015, Ketua Menteri Sarawak ketika itu, <a href="/wiki/Adenan_Satem" title="Adenan Satem">Adenan bin Haji Satem</a> secara rasminya mengumumkan bahawa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">Bahasa Inggeris</a> akan dikembalikan semula sebagai bahasa rasmi untuk wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[259]</a> Walaupun dialek Melayu rasmi Bahasa Malaysia dituturkan oleh pentadbiran kerajaan, ia jarang digunakan dalam perbualan bahasa. Dialek tempatan Bahasa Sarawak menguasai bahasa vernakular. Bahasa Sarawak adalah bahasa yang paling lazim bagi orang-orang Melayu Sarawak dan puak-puak pribumi yang lain. Bahasa <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> adalah bahasa ibunda yang paling banyak digunakan, sekaligus diiktiraf sebagai bahasa dialek majoriti di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. Bahasa Iban hanya dituturkan dalam pelbagai bentuk dialek oleh sebanyak 68 peratus penduduk Sarawak sebagai bahasa dialek utama wilayah. Ini diikuti oleh bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a>, dengan enam dialek utama, dituturkan oleh 12 peratus penduduk. Bahasa Orang Ulu pula hanya dapat dituturkan oleh 20 peratus penduduk sahaja di Sarawak. Walaupun etnik Cina berasal dari pelbagai latar belakang dan bercakap banyak dialek berbeza seperti Hokkien, Hakka, Fuzhou, dan Teochew, mereka juga bercakap dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin_Baku" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Mandarin Baku">Bahasa Mandarin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budaya">Budaya</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Laman utama: <a href="/wiki/Kebudayaan_Sarawak" title="Kebudayaan Sarawak">Kebudayaan Sarawak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Masakan_Sarawak" title="Masakan Sarawak">Masakan Sarawak</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sape_Player,_Kayan_Tribe,_Sarawak_(7246809770).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Sape_Player%2C_Kayan_Tribe%2C_Sarawak_%287246809770%29.jpg/220px-Sape_Player%2C_Kayan_Tribe%2C_Sarawak_%287246809770%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Sape_Player%2C_Kayan_Tribe%2C_Sarawak_%287246809770%29.jpg/330px-Sape_Player%2C_Kayan_Tribe%2C_Sarawak_%287246809770%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Sape_Player%2C_Kayan_Tribe%2C_Sarawak_%287246809770%29.jpg/440px-Sape_Player%2C_Kayan_Tribe%2C_Sarawak_%287246809770%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Seorang suku <a href="/wiki/Kayan" title="Kayan">Kayan</a>, bermain Sapeh</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ngajat,_the_Iban%27s_Warrior_Dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ngajat%2C_the_Iban%27s_Warrior_Dance.jpg/220px-Ngajat%2C_the_Iban%27s_Warrior_Dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ngajat%2C_the_Iban%27s_Warrior_Dance.jpg/330px-Ngajat%2C_the_Iban%27s_Warrior_Dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ngajat%2C_the_Iban%27s_Warrior_Dance.jpg/440px-Ngajat%2C_the_Iban%27s_Warrior_Dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4287" data-file-height="2858" /></a><figcaption>Ngajat, tarian pahlawan Iban yang diwartakan sebagai sebahagian daripada budaya Sarawak.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Laksa_Sarawak.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Laksa_Sarawak.JPG/220px-Laksa_Sarawak.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Laksa_Sarawak.JPG/330px-Laksa_Sarawak.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Laksa_Sarawak.JPG/440px-Laksa_Sarawak.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Semangkuk <a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">laksa</a> Sarawak</figcaption></figure> Lokasi dan sejarah Sarawak telah menghasilkan kepelbagaian etnik, perpaduan kaum, variasi budaya dan bahasa yang sangat luas. Seiring dengan pembangunan wilayah yang moden dan transformasi digital yang meluas, namun adat tradisi dan kebudayaan kaum di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> harus dikekalkan dan diamalkan untuk generasi akan datang. Etnik <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> (Sea Dayak) adalah merupakan etnik penduduk majoriti <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. Walau bagaimanapun, pengaruh luar termasuk pengukuhan amalan agama <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a> telah membawa banyak perubahan menyeluruh bagi masyarakat <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a>. Pada masa dahulu, kebanyakan masyarakat <a href="/wiki/Iban" title="Iban">Iban</a> di Sarawak lebih menjurus kepada konsep kepahlawanan dan mempunyai keupayaan memenggal kepala dari suku-suku lain dalam pertempuran (headhunting). Amalan memenggal kepala yang diamalkan oleh masyarakat Iban ini akhirnya diharamkan sepenuhnya semasa di bawah pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a> dan ianya semakin memudar walaupun peringatan amalan masih dilihat di beberapa rumah panjang yang lain.<a href="#cite_note-271">[261]</a> Dua orang suku bangsa lain di Sarawak Highlands, Kelabit dan Lun Bawang, telah melihat perubahan mendasar kepada identiti etnik mereka sebagai hasil langsung dari penukaran mereka kepada agama Kristian. Satu perubahan besar ialah peralihan di titik fokus interaksi sosial mereka dari rumah panjang tradisional ke gereja tempatan. Kesetiaan agama mereka juga membantu membentuk pandangan dunia mereka di luar kampung mereka, terutamanya sebagai tindak balas kepada perubahan.<a href="#cite_note-272">[262]</a> Bagi <a href="/wiki/Penan" title="Penan">kaum Penan</a>, salah satu puak terakhir yang masih mengamalkan gaya hidup nomad di dalam hutan, pengaruh luar, terutamanya pendidikan, menyebabkan penurunan yang ketara dalam penduduk yang mengamalkan gaya hidup nomad.<a href="#cite_note-273">[263]</a> Orang lain menetap setelah berinteraksi dengan anggota suku kaum yang berbeza, seperti Orang Ulu.<a href="#cite_note-274">[264]</a> Hasil langsung dari kepelbagaian ini dalam budaya, yang dibuktikan oleh dasar toleransi kepada semua kaum, adalah peningkatan jumlah suku bangsa yang berkahwin bukan sahaja suku kaum lain di Sarawak, tetapi juga kepada orang Cina, orang Melayu serta warganegara keturunan Eropah atau Amerika.<a href="#cite_note-275">[265]</a> Suku-suku pribumi Sarawak secara tradisional menggunakan pidato untuk meneruskan budaya mereka dari satu generasi ke generasi seterusnya;<a href="#cite_note-Oral_traditions-276">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[nota 11]</a> contoh-contoh amalan tradisional termasuk tarian Ngajat Iban,<a href="#cite_note-278">[267]</a> Renong (penyataan suara vokal Iban),<a href="#cite_note-279">[268]</a> Ensera (naratif lisan Iban),<a href="#cite_note-Ibanmalaysian-262">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[nota 12]</a> dan cerita bercerita epik oleh Kayan dan Kenyah.<a href="#cite_note-281">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[270]</a> Pada tahun-tahun sebelum persekutuan, kerajaan penjajah mengakui bahawa pendidikan Inggeris dan budaya pribumi mempengaruhi generasi baru guru Iban. Oleh itu, pada 15 September 1958, Biro Kesusasteraan Borneo dirasmikan dengan piagam untuk memupuk dan menggalakkan literatur tempatan sambil menyokong kerajaan dalam pembebasan dokumentasinya, khususnya dalam manuskrip teknikal dan instruksional yang akan diedarkan kepada penduduk asli Sarawak Dan Sabah. Selain bahasa asli, dokumen juga akan diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggeris, Cina dan Melayu. Pada tahun 1977, biro itu berada di bawah kuasa agensi perancangan dan pembangunan bahasa persekutuan, <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Bahasa_dan_Pustaka" title="Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka">Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka</a> (DBP), yang menganjurkan penerbitan hanya dalam bahasa Melayu akhirnya menyebabkan terkuburnya sastera pribumi.<a href="#cite_note-Ibanmalaysian-262">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[nota 13]</a> Ia adalah beberapa dekad sebelum media cetak mula muncul di Sarawak. Warta Sarawak, yang diterbitkan oleh kerajaan Brooke, mencatatkan pelbagai berita berkaitan dengan ekonomi, pertanian, antropologi, arkeologi, mula beredar pada tahun 1870 dan terus dalam zaman moden.<a href="#cite_note-284">[271]</a> Walau bagaimanapun, dalam dekad yang berikut persekutuan, undang-undang yang ketat dan sambungan kepada perniagaan bermakna bahawa media adalah sebahagian besar syarikat milik negara.<a href="#cite_note-Ibanmalaysian-262">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[nota 14]</a> Salah satu penerbitan teks paling awal di Borneo, Hikayat Panglima Nikosa pertama kali dicetak di Kuching, pada 1876.<a href="#cite_note-286">[272]</a> Terdapat beberapa muzium di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> yang mengekalkan dan mengekalkan artifak-artifak budaya Sarawak. Di kaki <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Santubong" title="Gunung Santubong">Gunung Santubong</a>, Kuching, adalah Kampung Budaya Sarawak, sebuah "muzium hidup" yang mempamerkan pelbagai kumpulan etnik yang menjalankan aktiviti tradisional di rumah masing-masing tradisional.<a href="#cite_note-SCVMain-287">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[274]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muzium_Sarawak" title="Muzium Sarawak">Muzium Negeri Sarawak</a> dan bangunan baharu Muzium Budaya Sarawak (Borneo Cultures Museum) menempatkan koleksi artifak seperti tembikar, tekstil, dan alat ukiran kayu dari pelbagai suku kaum di Sarawak, serta bahan-bahan etnografi budaya tempatan.<a href="#cite_note-289">[275]</a> Sapeh Orang Ulu (sejenis alat muzik petik) adalah alat muzik tradisional yang paling terkenal di Sarawak dan dimainkan untuk <a href="/wiki/Ratu_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratu Elizabeth II">Ratu Elizabeth II</a> semasa lawatan rasmi beliau ke Sarawak pada tahun 1972.<a href="#cite_note-290">[276]</a> Rakyat <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> juga mengamati beberapa cuti dan perayaan sepanjang tahun.<a href="#cite_note-291">[277]</a> Selain sambutan memperingati <a href="/wiki/Hari_Merdeka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari Merdeka">Hari Kebangsaan</a> dan sambutan <a href="/wiki/Hari_Malaysia" title="Hari Malaysia">Hari Malaysia</a>, Wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> juga meraikan <a href="/wiki/Hari_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari Sarawak">Hari Kemerdekaan Sarawak</a> yang diraikan pada 22 Julai setiap tahun, sebagai menghargai pengorbanan dan perjuangan rakyat <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> dalam usaha mempertahankan kedaulatan wilayah <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> serta meraikan detik bermulanya pembentukan kerajaan sendiri <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> pada 22 Julai 1963.<a href="#cite_note-292">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[279]</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> juga turut meraikan hari keputeraan Gabenor Sarawak (Yang Di-Pertua Wilayah Sarawak).<a href="#cite_note-294">[280]</a> Kumpulan etnik yang lain di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> juga meraikan perayaan mereka sendiri. Tradisi rumah terbuka membolehkan kumpulan etnik lain untuk menyertai perayaan.<a href="#cite_note-295">[281]</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> adalah satu-satunya wilayah di <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> untuk mengisytiharkan perayaan <a href="/wiki/Gawai_Dayak" class="mw-redirect" title="Gawai Dayak">Gawai Dayak</a> sebagai cuti umum bagi seluruh wilayah Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-296">[282]</a> Masakan terkenal di Sarawak termasuk  <a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">laksa</a> Sarawak,<a href="#cite_note-297">[283]</a> mi kolo,<a href="#cite_note-298">[284]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ayam_pansuh" title="Ayam pansuh">ayam pansuh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[286]</a> Negeri ini juga terkenal dengan <a href="/wiki/Kek_lapis_Sarawak" title="Kek lapis Sarawak">kek lapis Sarawak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-301">[287]</a> Sarawak menghantar pasukan sendiri untuk mengambil bahagian dalam <a href="/wiki/Sukan_Komanwel" title="Sukan Komanwel">Sukan Komanwel</a> dan Empayar British 1958 dan 1962,<a href="#cite_note-302">[288]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sukan_Asia_1962" title="Sukan Asia 1962">Sukan Asia 1962</a>; Selepas 1963, rakyat Sarawak bertanding sebagai sebahagian daripada pasukan Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-303">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[290]</a> Sarawak menganjurkan <a href="/wiki/Sukan_Malaysia" title="Sukan Malaysia">Sukan Malaysia</a> (SUKMA) pada tahun 1990, 2016, dan 2024.<a href="#cite_note-305">[291]</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> juga merupakan juara keseluruhan dalam pertandingan Sukan Malaysia (SUKMA) pada tahun 1990, 1992, 1994, dan 2024.<a href="#cite_note-306">[292]</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> pernah menjadi juara keseluruhan selama 11 tahun berturut-turut di <a href="/wiki/Sukan_Para_Malaysia" title="Sukan Para Malaysia">Sukan Para Malaysia</a> sejak tahun 1994.<a href="#cite_note-307">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penduduk_terkenal">Penduduk terkenal</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Senarai_orang_dari_Sarawak" title="Senarai orang dari Sarawak">Senarai orang dari Sarawak</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Ooi, 2013. Rajah menggugurkan kuasa mutlak... (halaman 103) </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Ooi, 2013. Penafian kemasukan ke Anthony... (halaman 93)... Pergerakan anti-kencing adalah pada awal 1950-an dengan berkesan "tercekik" surat mati. (halaman 98) </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Ishikawa, 2010 (halaman 87) </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Kumpulan Komunis pertama yang akan dibentuk di Sarawak... (halaman 95) </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Alastair, 1993. Parti politik pertama, Parti Rakyat Bersatu Sarawak (SUPP)... (halaman 118)... Menjelang tahun 1962, terdapat enam parti... (halaman 119) </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Faisal, 2012. ... dana kerajaan yang dibebankan untuk projek pembangunan untuk membeli undi ... (halaman 14) </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> Ishikawa, 2010 (halaman 169) </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> Faisal, 2012. Negeri diberi kuasa untuk membuat peruntukan bagi mengawal selia urusan Islam ... (halaman 86) </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> Faisal, 2012 ... untuk menjadikan Bahasa Malaysia dan Bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa rasmi negara. (halaman 84) </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> Postill, 2006 ... Bahasa Melayu diterima sebagai bahasa rasmi Sarawak bersama bahasa Inggeris sehingga tahun 1985, apabila bahasa Inggeris akhirnya jatuh. (halaman 64) </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> Pandian, 2014. Ia menjadi cara utama untuk melewati budaya, sejarah, dan tradisi yang dihargai. ... dalam fakta bahawa kesusasteraan lisan hanya disusun dalam persembahan; (halaman 95) </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> Postill, 2006. ... empat adalah naratif lisan ... (halaman 51) </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> Postill, 2006. ... untuk menggalakkan pengarang tempatan dan memenuhi keperluan setempat ... (halaman 51) ... Biro tidak lagi wujud pada tahun 1977 apabila ia diambil alih oleh badan persekutuan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (halaman 55) ... Dia menyimpulkan bahawa DBP tidak dapat menerbitkan buku dalam bahasa daerah (halaman 59 dan 60) </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> Postill, 2006. ... kerajaan mengawal hampir semua akhbar di Sarawak (halaman 76) </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6415981">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150421063249/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/maklumat-kenegaraan/9043-profil-negeri-sarawak.html">"Profil Wilayah Sarawak (Sarawak state profile)"</a>. 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Dicapai pada 12 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profil+Wilayah+Sarawak+%28Sarawak+state+profile%29&rft.pub=Jabatan+Penerangan+Malaysia+%28Malaysian+Information+Department%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpmr.penerangan.gov.my%2Findex.php%2Fmaklumat-kenegaraan%2F9043-profil-negeri-sarawak.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907185320/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/157/174/">"Sarawak State Anthem"</a>. Sarawak Government. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/157/174/">yang asal</a> pada 7 September 2015. Dicapai pada 12 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+State+Anthem&rft.pub=Sarawak+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawak.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fhome%2Farticle_view%2F157%2F174%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-State_Planning_Unit_stats-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-State_Planning_Unit_stats_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_Planning_Unit_stats_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_Planning_Unit_stats_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spu.sarawak.gov.my/download/Sarawak%20Facts%20&%20Figures%202011.pdf">"Sarawak – Facts and Figures 2011"</a> (PDF). Sarawak State Planning Unit, Chief Minister Department. m/s. 5, 9, 15, 22 (PDF). Dicapai pada 24 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+%E2%80%93+Facts+and+Figures+2011&rft.pages=5%2C+9%2C+15%2C+22&rft.pub=Sarawak+State+Planning+Unit%2C+Chief+Minister+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spu.sarawak.gov.my%2Fdownload%2FSarawak%2520Facts%2520%26%2520Figures%25202011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> Check <code class="cs1-code">|archiveurl=</code> value (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_url" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-2015_population-4"><a href="#cite_ref-2015_population_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160212125740/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/info-terkini/19463-unjuran-populasi-penduduk-2015.html">"Population by States and Ethnic Group"</a>. 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The National Archives. United Kingdom legislation. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/35/pdfs/ukpga_19630035_en.pdf">yang asal</a> (PDF) pada 14 November 2012. Dicapai pada 12 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Archives&rft.atitle=Malaysia+Act+1963+%28Chapter+35%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1963%2F35%2Fpdfs%2Fukpga_19630035_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysianow.com/my/opinion/2021/04/11/makna-di-sebalik-istilah-wilayah-sarawak-dan-sabah">"Makna di sebalik istilah 'Wilayah' Sarawak dan Sabah"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Makna+di+sebalik+istilah+%E2%80%98Wilayah%E2%80%99+Sarawak+dan+Sabah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysianow.com%2Fmy%2Fopinion%2F2021%2F04%2F11%2Fmakna-di-sebalik-istilah-wilayah-sarawak-dan-sabah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209105740/http://sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my/portalBI/list.php?ttl_id=35&section=sm03">"Origin of Place Names – Sarawak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Perpustakaan_Negara_Malaysia" title="Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia">Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia</a>. 2000. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my/portalBI/list.php?ttl_id=35">yang asal</a> pada 9 February 2008. Dicapai pada 3 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origin+of+Place+Names+%E2%80%93+Sarawak&rft.pub=Perpustakaan+Negara+Malaysia&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsejarahmalaysia.pnm.my%2FportalBI%2Flist.php%3Fttl_id%3D35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFKris1991" class="citation news cs1">Kris, Jitab (23 February 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1295&dat=19910223&id=xJVUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_o8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6766,1316351&hl=en">"Wrong info on how Sarawak got its name"</a>. New Sunday Times. Dicapai pada 14 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wrong+info+on+how+Sarawak+got+its+name&rft.date=1991-02-23&rft.aulast=Kris&rft.aufirst=Jitab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1295%26dat%3D19910223%26id%3DxJVUAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3D_o8DAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6766%2C1316351%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150806050124/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/12/the-magnificent-hornbills-of-sarawak/">"The magnificent hornbills of Sarawak"</a>. The Borneo Post. 12 July 2015. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/12/the-magnificent-hornbills-of-sarawak/">yang asal</a> pada 6 August 2015. Dicapai pada 17 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+magnificent+hornbills+of+Sarawak&rft.date=2015-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F07%2F12%2Fthe-magnificent-hornbills-of-sarawak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-srwk-20"><a href="#cite_ref-srwk_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFRozan_Yunos2008" class="citation web cs1">Rozan Yunos (28 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140403100218/http://www.bt.com.bn/golden_legacy/2008/12/28/sultan_tengah_sarawaks_first_sultan">"Sultan Tengah — Sarawak's first Sultan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunei_Times" title="The Brunei Times">The Brunei Times</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bt.com.bn/golden_legacy/2008/12/28/sultan_tengah_sarawaks_first_sultan">yang asal</a> pada 3 April 2014. Dicapai pada 3 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sultan+Tengah+%E2%80%94+Sarawak%27s+first+Sultan&rft.pub=The+Brunei+Times&rft.date=2008-12-28&rft.au=Rozan+Yunos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bt.com.bn%2Fgolden_legacy%2F2008%2F12%2F28%2Fsultan_tengah_sarawaks_first_sultan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarawakforestry-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sarawakforestry_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sarawakforestry_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150218010128/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-niah.html">"Niah National Park – Early Human settlements"</a>. Sarawak Forestry. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-niah.html">yang asal</a> pada 18 February 2015. Dicapai pada 23 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niah+National+Park+%E2%80%93+Early+Human+settlements&rft.pub=Sarawak+Forestry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawakforestry.com%2Fhtm%2Fsnp-np-niah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-worldarcheology-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-worldarcheology_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldarcheology_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFFaulkner2003" class="citation book cs1">Faulkner, Neil (7 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323011312/http://www.world-archaeology.com/features/niah-cave-sarawak-borneo.htm">Niah Cave, Sarawak, Borneo</a>. Current World Archaeology Issue 2. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-archaeology.com/features/niah-cave-sarawak-borneo.htm">yang asal</a> pada 23 March 2015. Dicapai pada 23 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Niah+Cave%2C+Sarawak%2C+Borneo&rft.pub=Current+World+Archaeology+Issue+2&rft.date=2003-11-07&rft.aulast=Faulkner&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-archaeology.com%2Ffeatures%2Fniah-cave-sarawak-borneo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141122214440/http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/niahcave/history.htm">"History of the Great Cave of Niah"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/niahcave/history.htm">yang asal</a> pada 22 November 2014. Dicapai pada 23 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Great+Cave+of+Niah&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fscience%2Fslab%2Fniahcave%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131122105146/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/niah-cave">"Niah Cave"</a>. humanorigins.si.edu. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/niah-cave">yang asal</a> pada 22 November 2013. Dicapai pada 23 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=humanorigins.si.edu&rft.atitle=Niah+Cave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumanorigins.si.edu%2Fevidence%2Fhuman-fossils%2Ffossils%2Fniah-cave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFZheng1982" class="citation book cs1">Zheng, Dekun (1 January 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fLL5BQj9Xf0C&pg=PA49">Studies in Chinese Archeology</a>. The Chinese University Press. m/s. 49, 50. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-962-201-261-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-962-201-261-5"><bdi>978-962-201-261-5</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 29 December 2015. <q>In case of Santubong, its association with T'ang and Sung porcelain would necessary provide a date of about 8th – 13th century A.D.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Chinese+Archeology&rft.pages=49%2C+50&rft.pub=The+Chinese+University+Press&rft.date=1982-01-01&rft.isbn=978-962-201-261-5&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Dekun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfLL5BQj9Xf0C%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_LeaColette_Milward2001" class="citation book cs1">David Lea; Colette Milward (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MeWNnD1nUgUC&pg=PA16">A Political Chronology of South-East Asia and Oceania</a>. Psychology Press. m/s. 16–. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-85743-117-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-85743-117-9"><bdi>978-1-85743-117-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Political+Chronology+of+South-East+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.pages=16-&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-117-9&rft.au=David+Lea&rft.au=Colette+Milward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMeWNnD1nUgUC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFDonald_F2008" class="citation book cs1">Donald F, Lach (15 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xD52ge5a8vYC&pg=PA581">Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume I: The Century of Discovery, Book 1</a>. University of Chicago Press. m/s. 581. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-226-46708-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-226-46708-5"><bdi>978-0-226-46708-5</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 21 March 2016. <q>... but Castanheda lists five great seaports that he says were known to the Portuguese. In his transcriptions they are called "Moduro" (Marudu?), "Cerava" (Sarawak?), "Laue" (Lawai), "Tanjapura" (Tanjungpura), and "Borneo" (Brunei) from which the island derives its name.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+in+the+Making+of+Europe%2C+Volume+I%3A+The+Century+of+Discovery%2C+Book+1&rft.pages=581&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2008-07-15&rft.isbn=978-0-226-46708-5&rft.aulast=Donald+F&rft.aufirst=Lach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxD52ge5a8vYC%26pg%3DPA581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFBroek1962" class="citation journal cs1">Broek, Jan O.M. (1962). "Place Names in 16th and 17th Century Borneo". Imago Mundi. 16 (1): 134. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03085696208592208">10.1080/03085696208592208</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1150309">1150309</a>. <q>Carena (for Carena), deep in the bight, refers to Sarawak, the Kuching area, where there is clear archaeological evidence of an ancient trade center just inland from Santubong.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Imago+Mundi&rft.atitle=Place+Names+in+16th+and+17th+Century+Borneo&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=134&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03085696208592208&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1150309%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Broek&rft.aufirst=Jan+O.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fairlandsarawak-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fairlandsarawak_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fairlandsarawak_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fairlandsarawak_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fairlandsarawak_29-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fairlandsarawak_29-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFAlastair1993" class="citation book cs1">Alastair, Morrison (1 January 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U80cU8Fx1kAC&pg=PA10">Fair Land Sarawak: Some Recollections of an Expatriate Official</a>. SEAP Publications. m/s. 10. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-87727-712-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-87727-712-5"><bdi>978-0-87727-712-5</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 29 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fair+Land+Sarawak%3A+Some+Recollections+of+an+Expatriate+Official&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=SEAP+Publications&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-87727-712-5&rft.aulast=Alastair&rft.aufirst=Morrison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU80cU8Fx1kAC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFTrudyNoellePaul2012" class="citation book cs1">Trudy, Ring; Noelle, Watson; Paul, Schellinger (12 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voerPYsAB5wC&pg=PA497">Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places</a>. SEAP Publications. m/s. 497. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-87727-712-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-87727-712-5"><bdi>978-0-87727-712-5</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 29 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+and+Oceania%3A+International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.pages=497&rft.pub=SEAP+Publications&rft.date=2012-11-12&rft.isbn=978-0-87727-712-5&rft.aulast=Trudy&rft.aufirst=Ring&rft.au=Noelle%2C+Watson&rft.au=Paul%2C+Schellinger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvoerPYsAB5wC%26pg%3DPA497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFJames_Leasor2001" class="citation book cs1">James Leasor (1 January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tl9tx4MJYf4C&pg=PA41">Singapore: The Battle That Changed the World</a>. House of Stratus. m/s. 41–. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7551-0039-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7551-0039-2"><bdi>978-0-7551-0039-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singapore%3A+The+Battle+That+Changed+the+World&rft.pages=41-&rft.pub=House+of+Stratus&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7551-0039-2&rft.au=James+Leasor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTl9tx4MJYf4C%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFGraham2013" class="citation book cs1">Graham, Saunders (5 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DUv8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA80">A History of Brunei</a>. Routledge. m/s. 74–77. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-136-87394-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-136-87394-2"><bdi>978-1-136-87394-2</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 24 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Brunei&rft.pages=74-77&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft.isbn=978-1-136-87394-2&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Saunders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDUv8AQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFMike" class="citation web cs1">Mike, Reed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030608223530/http://www1.sarawak.com.my/travel_features/bk_review/brooke.html">"Book review of "The Name of Brooke – The End of White Rajah Rule in Sarawak" by R.H.W. Reece, Sarawak Literary Society, 1993"</a>. sarawak.com.my. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.sarawak.com.my/travel_features/bk_review/brooke.html">yang asal</a> pada 8 June 2003. Dicapai pada 7 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sarawak.com.my&rft.atitle=Book+review+of+%22The+Name+of+Brooke+%E2%80%93+The+End+of+White+Rajah+Rule+in+Sarawak%22+by+R.H.W.+Reece%2C+Sarawak+Literary+Society%2C+1993&rft.aulast=Mike&rft.aufirst=Reed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.sarawak.com.my%2Ftravel_features%2Fbk_review%2Fbrooke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Borneo_Post-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Borneo_Post_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Borneo_Post_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFLim2011" class="citation news cs1">Lim, Kian Hock (16 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206232438/http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/16/a-look-at-the-civil-administration-of-sarawak/">"A look at the civil administration of Sarawak"</a>. The Borneo Post. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/16/a-look-at-the-civil-administration-of-sarawak/">yang asal</a> pada 6 February 2015. Dicapai pada 21 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+look+at+the+civil+administration+of+Sarawak&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Kian+Hock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2011%2F09%2F16%2Fa-look-at-the-civil-administration-of-sarawak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFCuhaj2014" class="citation book cs1">Cuhaj, George S (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tmOYCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1058">Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, General Issues, 1368–1960</a>. F+W Media. m/s. 1058. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4402-4267-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4402-4267-0"><bdi>978-1-4402-4267-0</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 13 January 2016. <q>Sarawak was recognised as a separate state by the United States (1850) and Great Britain (1864), and voluntarily became a British protectorate in 1888.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+World+Paper+Money%2C+General+Issues%2C+1368%E2%80%931960&rft.pages=1058&rft.pub=F%2BW+Media&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4402-4267-0&rft.aulast=Cuhaj&rft.aufirst=George+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtmOYCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20161119121306/http://www.bda.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=49&menu_id=0&sub_id=66">"Bintulu – Places of Interest"</a>. Bintulu Development Authority. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bda.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=49&menu_id=0&sub_id=66">yang asal</a> pada 19 November 2016. Dicapai pada 19 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bintulu+%E2%80%93+Places+of+Interest&rft.pub=Bintulu+Development+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bda.gov.my%2Fmodules%2Fweb%2Fpages.php%3Fmod%3Dwebpage%26sub%3Dpage%26id%3D49%26menu_id%3D0%26sub_id%3D66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Empirenationalism-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Empirenationalism_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Empirenationalism_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Empirenationalism_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Empirenationalism_37-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Empirenationalism_37-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFOoi2013" class="citation book cs1">Ooi, Keat Gin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RzVUOidajPAC&pg=PA7">Post-war Borneo, 1945–50: Nationalism, Empire and State-Building</a>. Routledge. m/s. 7. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-05803-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-05803-7"><bdi>978-1-134-05803-7</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 2 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Post-war+Borneo%2C+1945%E2%80%9350%3A+Nationalism%2C+Empire+and+State-Building&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-134-05803-7&rft.aulast=Ooi&rft.aufirst=Keat+Gin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRzVUOidajPAC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2007" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Cavendish (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=72VwCFtYHCgC&pg=PA1182">World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia, Volume 9</a>. Bangladesh: Marshall Cavendish. m/s. 1182. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7614-7642-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7614-7642-9"><bdi>978-0-7614-7642-9</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 2 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+and+Its+Peoples%3A+Eastern+and+Southern+Asia%2C+Volume+9&rft.place=Bangladesh&rft.pages=1182&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7642-9&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Cavendish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D72VwCFtYHCgC%26pg%3DPA1182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151012024013/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1248_2007-07-02.html">"The Borneo Company Limited"</a>. National Library Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1248_2007-07-02.html">yang asal</a> pada 12 October 2015. Dicapai pada 25 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Borneo+Company+Limited&rft.pub=National+Library+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Finfopedia%2Farticles%2FSIP_1248_2007-07-02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kingdominjungle-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kingdominjungle_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kingdominjungle_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFSimon1986" class="citation news cs1">Simon, Elegant (13 July 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151102083010/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/13/travel/sarawak-a-kingdom-in-the-jungle.html?pagewanted=all">"SARAWAK: A KINGDOM IN THE JUNGLE"</a>. The New York Times. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/13/travel/sarawak-a-kingdom-in-the-jungle.html?pagewanted=all">yang asal</a> pada 2 November 2015. Dicapai pada 2 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SARAWAK%3A+A+KINGDOM+IN+THE+JUNGLE&rft.date=1986-07-13&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Elegant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F07%2F13%2Ftravel%2Fsarawak-a-kingdom-in-the-jungle.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rough_Guides-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rough_Guides_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rough_Guides_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFCharlesMarkPauline2003" class="citation book cs1">Charles, de Ledesma; Mark, Lewis; Pauline, Savage (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hS0_GehsGPwC&pg=PA723">Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei</a>. Rough Guides. m/s. 723. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-84353-094-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-84353-094-7"><bdi>978-1-84353-094-7</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 2 November 2015. <q>In 1888, the three states of Sarawak, Sabah, and Brunei were transformed into protectorates, a status which handed over the responsibility for their foreign policy to the British in exchange for military protection.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysia%2C+Singapore%2C+and+Brunei&rft.pages=723&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84353-094-7&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=de+Ledesma&rft.au=Mark%2C+Lewis&rft.au=Pauline%2C+Savage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhS0_GehsGPwC%26pg%3DPA723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFSaiful2015" class="citation news cs1">Saiful, Bahari (23 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002091817/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/23/thrill-is-gone-state-museum-stuck-in-time-public/">"Thrill is gone, state museum stuck in time — Public"</a>. The Borneo Post. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/23/thrill-is-gone-state-museum-stuck-in-time-public/">yang asal</a> pada 2 October 2015. Dicapai pada 2 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thrill+is+gone%2C+state+museum+stuck+in+time+%E2%80%94+Public&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft.aulast=Saiful&rft.aufirst=Bahari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F06%2F23%2Fthrill-is-gone-state-museum-stuck-in-time-public%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161129025715/http://www.brooketrust.org/history-of-sarawak">"History of Sarawak"</a>. Brooke Trust. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooketrust.org/history-of-sarawak">yang asal</a> pada 29 November 2016. Dicapai pada 29 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Sarawak&rft.pub=Brooke+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooketrust.org%2Fhistory-of-sarawak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFOgmore1956" class="citation news cs1">Ogmore (15 November 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1956/nov/15/sarawak">"SARAWAK HL Deb 15 November 1956 vol 200 cc328-68"</a>. UK parliament. Dicapai pada 26 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SARAWAK+HL+Deb+15+November+1956+vol+200+cc328-68&rft.date=1956-11-15&rft.au=Ogmore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhansard.millbanksystems.com%2Flords%2F1956%2Fnov%2F15%2Fsarawak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFKlemen1999" class="citation web cs1">Klemen, L (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150401045406/http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/sarawak.html">"The Invasion of British Borneo in 1942"</a>. dutcheastindies.webs.com. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/sarawak.html">yang asal</a> pada 1 April 2015. Dicapai pada 3 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dutcheastindies.webs.com&rft.atitle=The+Invasion+of+British+Borneo+in+1942&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Klemen&rft.aufirst=L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dutcheastindies.webs.com%2Fsarawak.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/235/246/">"The Japanese Occupation (1941 – 1945)"</a>. The Sarawak Government. 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Routledge. m/s. 136. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781136125065" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9781136125065"><bdi>9781136125065</bdi></a>. 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Dicapai pada 2 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Developing+Economies&rft.atitle=The+North+Kalimantan+Communist+Party+and+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.pages=495&rft.date=2005-12&rft.aulast=Hara&rft.aufirst=Fujio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ide.go.jp%2FEnglish%2FPublish%2FPeriodicals%2FDe%2Fpdf%2FDE43_4_4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFJames" class="citation web cs1">James, Chin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyotoreview.org/book-review/book-review-the-rise-and-fall-of-communism-in-sarawak-1940-1990/">"Book Review: The Rise and Fall of Communism in Sarawak 1940–1990"</a>. Kyoto Review of South East Asia. Dicapai pada 10 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+Review%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Communism+in+Sarawak+1940%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=Kyoto+Review+of+South+East+Asia&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Chin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyotoreview.org%2Fbook-review%2Fbook-review-the-rise-and-fall-of-communism-in-sarawak-1940-1990%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chanwong-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chanwong_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chanwong_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFChanWong2011" class="citation web cs1">Chan, Francis; Wong, Phyllis (16 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/16/saga-of-communist-insurgency-in-sarawak/">"Saga of communist insurgency in Sarawak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Borneo_Post" title="The Borneo Post">The Borneo Post</a>. Dicapai pada 10 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saga+of+communist+insurgency+in+Sarawak&rft.pub=The+Borneo+Post&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.au=Wong%2C+Phyllis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2011%2F09%2F16%2Fsaga-of-communist-insurgency-in-sarawak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Governance-73"><a href="#cite_ref-Governance_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130913195537/http://www.spu.sarawak.gov.my/governance.html">"About Sarawak – Governance"</a>. Official website of State Planning Unit – Chief Minister's Department of Sarawak. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spu.sarawak.gov.my/governance.html">yang asal</a> pada 13 September 2013. Dicapai pada 14 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+website+of+State+Planning+Unit+%E2%80%93+Chief+Minister%27s+Department+of+Sarawak&rft.atitle=About+Sarawak+%E2%80%93+Governance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spu.sarawak.gov.my%2Fgovernance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907192409/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/173/189/">"Yang di-Pertua Negeri"</a>. Sarawak Government. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/173/189/">yang asal</a> pada 7 September 2015. Dicapai pada 12 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yang+di-Pertua+Negeri&rft.pub=Sarawak+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawak.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fhome%2Farticle_view%2F173%2F189%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharian.com.my/node/234039">"Abang Johari Ketua Menteri baharu Sarawak"</a>. BH Online. Berita Harian. Dicapai pada 13 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BH+Online&rft.atitle=Abang+Johari+Ketua+Menteri+baharu+Sarawak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharian.com.my%2Fnode%2F234039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20161119121428/http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/constitutional_law_committee/my_constitution_sabah_sarawak_and_special_interests.html">"My Constitution: Sabah, Sarawak and special interests"</a>. Malaysian Bar. 2 February 2011. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/constitutional_law_committee/my_constitution_sabah_sarawak_and_special_interests.html">yang asal</a> pada 19 November 2016. Dicapai pada 13 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+Constitution%3A+Sabah%2C+Sarawak+and+special+interests&rft.pub=Malaysian+Bar&rft.date=2011-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysianbar.org.my%2Fconstitutional_law_committee%2Fmy_constitution_sabah_sarawak_and_special_interests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120204222005/http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/constitutional_law_committee/my_constitution_about_sabah_and_sarawak.html">"My Constitution: About Sabah and Sarawak"</a>. Malaysian Bar. 10 January 2011. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/constitutional_law_committee/my_constitution_about_sabah_and_sarawak.html">yang asal</a> pada 4 February 2012. Dicapai pada 13 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+Constitution%3A+About+Sabah+and+Sarawak&rft.pub=Malaysian+Bar&rft.date=2011-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysianbar.org.my%2Fconstitutional_law_committee%2Fmy_constitution_about_sabah_and_sarawak.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95D-78"><a href="#cite_ref-95D_78-0">^</a> <a href="https://ms.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Article_95d" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of Malaysia">Article 95D</a>, Constitution of Malaysia. Accessed on 6 August 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFR.SK.J2014" class="citation book cs1">R.S, Milne; K.J, Ratnam (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_kiaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69">Malaysia: New States in a New Nation</a>. Routledge. m/s. 71. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-135-16061-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-135-16061-6"><bdi>978-1-135-16061-6</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 14 November 2015. <q>... the major parties in each state fall quite neatly into three categories: native-non-Muslim, native-Muslim, and non-native.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysia%3A+New+States+in+a+New+Nation&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-135-16061-6&rft.aulast=R.S&rft.aufirst=Milne&rft.au=K.J%2C+Ratnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_kiaAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Faisal-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Faisal_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Faisal_81-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Faisal_81-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Faisal_81-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFFaisal2012" class="citation book cs1">Faisal, S Hazis (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhAU_JcFNZ0C&pg=PA86">Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak</a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. m/s. 91. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-981-4311-58-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-981-4311-58-8"><bdi>978-981-4311-58-8</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 11 December 2015. <q>The strongman-politician postponed the negeri election ... 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Dicapai pada 12 January 2016. <q>For this reason, Sarawak held its state and parliamentary elections separately – and has been adhering to the practice since 1979 whereas all the other states still hold the two elections concurrently (see Table).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+Sarawak+is+electorally+unique&rft.date=2013-04-07&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Lian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2013%2F04%2F07%2Fwhy-sarawak-is-electorally-unique%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFTawie2013" class="citation news cs1">Tawie, Joseph (9 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/01/09/snap-faces-more-resignations-over-bn-move/">"SNAP faces more resignations over BN move"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Free_Malaysia_Today" title="Free Malaysia Today">Free Malaysia Today</a>. 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Routledge. m/s. 319. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-57081-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-57081-2"><bdi>978-1-134-57081-2</bdi></a>. 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Booksmango. m/s. 132, 134, 136–138, 177. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-616-245-089-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-616-245-089-1"><bdi>978-616-245-089-1</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 28 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Borneo+Trilogy+Sarawak%3A+Volume+2&rft.pages=132%2C+134%2C+136-138%2C+177&rft.pub=Booksmango&rft.isbn=978-616-245-089-1&rft.au=Frans+Welman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA-H-O8pxUnMC%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/159/176/">"The Geography of Sarawak"</a>. The official website of Sarawak Government. Sarawak Government. Dicapai pada 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+official+website+of+Sarawak+Government&rft.atitle=The+Geography+of+Sarawak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawak.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fhome%2Farticle_view%2F159%2F176%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151227125143/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/pasir-panjang/">"Pasir Panjang, Kuching"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/pasir-panjang/">yang asal</a> pada 27 December 2015. Dicapai pada 27 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pasir+Panjang%2C+Kuching&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fpasir-panjang%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151227125311/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/damai-beach-resort/">"Damai Beach Resort"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/damai-beach-resort/">yang asal</a> pada 27 December 2015. Dicapai pada 27 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Damai+Beach+Resort&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fdamai-beach-resort%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117112532/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/tanjung-batu-beach/">"Tanjung Batu Beach, Bintulu"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/tanjung-batu-beach/">yang asal</a> pada 17 November 2015. Dicapai pada 27 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tanjung+Batu+Beach%2C+Bintulu&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Ftanjung-batu-beach%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150413155555/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/brighton-beach-tanjung-lobang/">"Brighton Beach/Tanjung Lobang"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/brighton-beach-tanjung-lobang/">yang asal</a> pada 13 April 2015. Dicapai pada 27 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brighton+Beach%2FTanjung+Lobang&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fbrighton-beach-tanjung-lobang%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150413162747/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/hawaii-beach/">"Hawaii Beach"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/hawaii-beach/">yang asal</a> pada 13 April 2015. Dicapai pada 27 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hawaii+Beach&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fhawaii-beach%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp.html">"Sarawak National Parks"</a>. Sarawak Forestry Department. Dicapai pada 25 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+National+Parks&rft.pub=Sarawak+Forestry+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawakforestry.com%2Fhtm%2Fsnp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151226131410/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/niah-national-park-miri/">"Niah National Park, Miri"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/niah-national-park-miri/">yang asal</a> pada 26 December 2015. Dicapai pada 26 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niah+National+Park%2C+Miri&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fniah-national-park-miri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150530045056/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-lambir.html">"Lambir Hills National Park"</a>. Sarawak Forestry Corporation. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-lambir.html">yang asal</a> pada 30 May 2015. Dicapai pada 26 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lambir+Hills+National+Park&rft.pub=Sarawak+Forestry+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawakforestry.com%2Fhtm%2Fsnp-np-lambir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016060027/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1013">"Gunung Mulu National Park"</a>. UNESCO. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1013">yang asal</a> pada 16 October 2015. Dicapai pada 27 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gunung+Mulu+National+Park&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151116095437/http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/2431/">"Gunung Mulu National Park (Malaysia)"</a>. UNESCO. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/2431/">yang asal</a> pada 16 November 2015. Dicapai pada 19 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gunung+Mulu+National+Park+%28Malaysia%29&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fdecisions%2F2431%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFVergano2014" class="citation news cs1">Vergano, Dan (27 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170131062902/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/09/140927-largest-cave-china-exploration-science">"China's "Supercave" Takes Title as World's Most Enormous Cavern"</a>. National Geographic. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/09/140927-largest-cave-china-exploration-science/">yang asal</a> pada 31 January 2017. Dicapai pada 6 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China%27s+%E2%80%9CSupercave%E2%80%9D+Takes+Title+as+World%27s+Most+Enormous+Cavern&rft.date=2014-09-27&rft.aulast=Vergano&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2F09%2F140927-largest-cave-china-exploration-science%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712112352/http://www.mulunationalpark.com/show-caves-deer-langs.php">"Deer Cave and Lang's Cave"</a>. Mulu National Park. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mulunationalpark.com/show-caves-deer-langs.php">yang asal</a> pada 12 July 2015. Dicapai pada 27 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deer+Cave+and+Lang%27s+Cave&rft.pub=Mulu+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mulunationalpark.com%2Fshow-caves-deer-langs.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712094552/http://www.mulunationalpark.com/show-caves-clearwater-wind.php">"Clearwater cave and Wind Cave"</a>. Gunung Mulu National Park. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mulunationalpark.com/show-caves-clearwater-wind.php">yang asal</a> pada 12 July 2015. Dicapai pada 27 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clearwater+cave+and+Wind+Cave&rft.pub=Gunung+Mulu+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mulunationalpark.com%2Fshow-caves-clearwater-wind.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017082915/http://www.tourism.gov.my/en/es/places/states-of-malaysia/sarawak/gunung-mulu-national-park">"Gunung Mulu National Park"</a>. Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourism.gov.my/en/es/places/states-of-malaysia/sarawak/gunung-mulu-national-park">yang asal</a> pada 17 October 2015. Dicapai pada 27 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gunung+Mulu+National+Park&rft.pub=Malaysia+Tourism+Promotion+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourism.gov.my%2Fen%2Fes%2Fplaces%2Fstates-of-malaysia%2Fsarawak%2Fgunung-mulu-national-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160425204321/http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/borneo_forests/about_borneo_forests/borneo_animals/borneo_plants">"Borneo plants"</a>. World Wide Fund for Nature. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/borneo_forests/about_borneo_forests/borneo_animals/borneo_plants/">yang asal</a> pada 25 April 2016. Dicapai pada 2 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Borneo+plants&rft.pub=World+Wide+Fund+for+Nature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwf.panda.org%2Fwhat_we_do%2Fwhere_we_work%2Fborneo_forests%2Fabout_borneo_forests%2Fborneo_animals%2Fborneo_plants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140830015043/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/08/24/medicinal-plants-around-us/">"Medicinal plants around us"</a>. The Malaysian Nature Society. The Borneo Post. 24 August 2014. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/08/24/medicinal-plants-around-us/">yang asal</a> pada 30 August 2014. Dicapai pada 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Malaysian+Nature+Society&rft.atitle=Medicinal+plants+around+us&rft.date=2014-08-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2014%2F08%2F24%2Fmedicinal-plants-around-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-bc.html">"Sarawak National Park – Biodiversity Conservation"</a>. Sarawak Forestry Department. Dicapai pada 17 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+National+Park+%E2%80%93+Biodiversity+Conservation&rft.pub=Sarawak+Forestry+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawakforestry.com%2Fhtm%2Fsnp-bc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206085015/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=5">"Rainforest is destroyed for palm oil plantations on Malaysia's island state of Sarawak (Image 1 and Image 2)"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=5">yang asal</a> pada 6 February 2011. Dicapai pada 21 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rainforest+is+destroyed+for+palm+oil+plantations+on+Malaysia%27s+island+state+of+Sarawak+%28Image+1+and+Image+2%29&rft.pub=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fearth%2Fearthpicturegalleries%2F8296131%2FRainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html%3Fimage%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207212130/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=8">"Rainforest is destroyed for palm oil plantations on Malaysia's island state of Sarawak (Image 3)"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=8">yang asal</a> pada 7 February 2011. Dicapai pada 21 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rainforest+is+destroyed+for+palm+oil+plantations+on+Malaysia%27s+island+state+of+Sarawak+%28Image+3%29&rft.pub=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fearth%2Fearthpicturegalleries%2F8296131%2FRainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html%3Fimage%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/05/05/sumatran-orangutans-rainforest-home-faces-new-threat/">"Sumatran Orangutans' rainforest home faces new threat"</a>. Agence France-Presse. The Borneo Post. 5 May 2013. Dicapai pada 21 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agence+France-Presse&rft.atitle=Sumatran+Orangutans%27+rainforest+home+faces+new+threat&rft.date=2013-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2013%2F05%2F05%2Fsumatran-orangutans-rainforest-home-faces-new-threat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> • {{{assessors}}} (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/14352">Nasalis larvatus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Senarai_Merah_IUCN" title="Senarai Merah IUCN">Senarai Merah Spesies Terancam IUCN</a> 2008. <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">IUCN</a> 2008. Dicapai pada 4 January 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150613011444/http://www.itto.int/direct/topics/topics_pdf_download/topics_id%3D2796%26no%3D0%26disp%3Dinline">"25 success stories"</a>. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). m/s. 44–45. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itto.int/direct/topics/topics_pdf_download/topics_id=2796&no=0&disp=inline">yang asal</a> pada 13 June 2015. Dicapai pada 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25+success+stories&rft.pages=44-45&rft.pub=International+Tropical+Timber+Organization+%28ITTO%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itto.int%2Fdirect%2Ftopics%2Ftopics_pdf_download%2Ftopics_id%3D2796%26no%3D0%26disp%3Dinline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508013152/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/semenggoh-nature-reserve/">"Semenggoh Nature Reserve"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/semenggoh-nature-reserve/">yang asal</a> pada 8 May 2015. Dicapai pada 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Semenggoh+Nature+Reserve&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fsemenggoh-nature-reserve%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150514234944/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/matang-wildlife-centre/">"Matang Wildlife Centre"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/matang-wildlife-centre/">yang asal</a> pada 14 May 2015. Dicapai pada 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Matang+Wildlife+Centre&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fmatang-wildlife-centre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151116071641/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/talang-satang-national-park/">"Talang-Satang National Park"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/talang-satang-national-park/">yang asal</a> pada 16 November 2015. Dicapai pada 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Talang-Satang+National+Park&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Ftalang-satang-national-park%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150516085037/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/birding-in-sarawak/">"Birding in Sarawak"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/birding-in-sarawak/">yang asal</a> pada 16 May 2015. Dicapai pada 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Birding+in+Sarawak&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fbirding-in-sarawak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508014847/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/similajau-national-park/">"Similajau National Park"</a>. Sarawak Toursim Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/similajau-national-park/">yang asal</a> pada 8 May 2015. Dicapai pada 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Similajau+National+Park&rft.pub=Sarawak+Toursim+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fsimilajau-national-park%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504000343/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/diving-in-miri-sibuti-coral-reef-national-park/">"Diving in Miri-Sibuti Coral Reefs National Park"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/diving-in-miri-sibuti-coral-reef-national-park/">yang asal</a> pada 4 May 2015. 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Dicapai pada 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gunung+Gading+National+Park&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fgunung-gading-national-park%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925040118/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-bako.html">"Bako National Park"</a>. Sarawak Forestry Corporation. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-bako.html">yang asal</a> pada 25 September 2015. 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Dicapai pada 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Padawan+Pitcher+Plant+%26+Wild+Orchid+Centre&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fpadawan-pitcher-plant-wild-orchid-garden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFRogers2013" class="citation news cs1">Rogers, Alan (14 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161115022532/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/14/wallace-and-the-sarawak-law/">"Wallace and the Sarawak Law"</a>. The Borneo Post. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/14/wallace-and-the-sarawak-law/">yang asal</a> pada 15 November 2016. Dicapai pada 15 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wallace+and+the+Sarawak+Law&rft.date=2013-07-14&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2013%2F07%2F14%2Fwallace-and-the-sarawak-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFLian2013" class="citation news cs1">Lian, Cheng (31 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130401105507/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/03/31/protected-wildlife-on-the-menu/">"Protected wildlife on the menu"</a>. The Borneo Post. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/03/31/protected-wildlife-on-the-menu/">yang asal</a> pada 1 April 2013. Dicapai pada 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Protected+wildlife+on+the+menu&rft.date=2013-03-31&rft.aulast=Lian&rft.aufirst=Cheng&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2013%2F03%2F31%2Fprotected-wildlife-on-the-menu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forestry.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=75&menu_id=0&sub_id=115">"History"</a>. Official website of Forest Department Sarawak. Dicapai pada 16 November 2015. <q>Mr. J.P. Mead became the first Conservator of Forests, Sarawak Forest Department, in 1919. 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Dicapai pada 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Sarawak+Biodiversity+Centre+%E2%80%93+Profile&rft.pub=Sarawak+Biodiversity+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbc.org.my%2Fabout-sbc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFTom2011" class="citation news cs1">Tom, Young (2 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529234141/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/feb/02/malaysian-palm-oil-forests">"Malaysian palm oil destroying forests, report warns"</a>. The Guardian. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/feb/02/malaysian-palm-oil-forests">yang asal</a> pada 29 May 2014. 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Dicapai pada 19 November 2015. <q>Sarawak Chief Minister Tan Sri Adenan Satem today admitted the oil and gas royalty negotiations – for a hike of 15% from 5% to 20% – with Petronas and Putrajaya have ended in deadlock, but has vowed to fight for it "as long as I'm alive".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Adenan+pledges+to+keep+fighting+for+20%25+oil+royalty&rft.date=2015-08-06&rft.aulast=Desmond&rft.aufirst=Davidson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fadenan-pledges-to-keep-fighting-for-20-oil-royalty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFRasoul2012" class="citation journal cs1">Rasoul, Sorkhabi (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geoexpro.com/articles/2012/12/borneo-s-petroleum-plays">"Borneo's Petroleum Plays"</a>. 9 (4). GEO Ex Pro. Dicapai pada 20 November 2015. <q>A simplified map showing the distribution of major sedimentary basins onshore and offshore Borneo.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Borneo%27s+Petroleum+Plays&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Rasoul&rft.aufirst=Sorkhabi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geoexpro.com%2Farticles%2F2012%2F12%2Fborneo-s-petroleum-plays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150724070615/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC778E/AC778E13.htm">"An overview of forest products statistics in South and Southeast Asia – National forest products statistics, Malaysia"</a>. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC778E/AC778E13.htm">yang asal</a> pada 24 July 2015. Dicapai pada 18 November 2015. <q>In 2000, of the country's total sawlog production of 23 million m3, Peninsular Malaysia contributed 22 percent, Sabah 16 percent, and Sarawak 62 percent. Sawlog production figures for 1996–2000 are shown in Table 2.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+overview+of+forest+products+statistics+in+South+and+Southeast+Asia+%E2%80%93+National+forest+products+statistics%2C+Malaysia&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations+%28FAO%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2F005%2FAC778E%2FAC778E13.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131124061528/http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/about-us/what-we-do/generation-portfolio">"Generation Portfolio"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Energy" title="Sarawak Energy">Sarawak Energy</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/about-us/what-we-do/generation-portfolio">yang asal</a> pada 24 November 2013. Dicapai pada 23 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Generation+Portfolio&rft.pub=Sarawak+Energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawakenergy.com.my%2Findex.php%2Fabout-us%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fgeneration-portfolio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarawak_Energy_Portfolio-162"><a href="#cite_ref-Sarawak_Energy_Portfolio_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131124061528/http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/about-us/what-we-do/generation-portfolio">"Generation Portfolio"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Energy" title="Sarawak Energy">Sarawak Energy</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/about-us/what-we-do/generation-portfolio">yang asal</a> pada 24 November 2013. Dicapai pada 23 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Generation+Portfolio&rft.pub=Sarawak+Energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawakenergy.com.my%2Findex.php%2Fabout-us%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fgeneration-portfolio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710003252/http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/about-us/core-business-activities">"Core Business Activities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Energy" title="Sarawak Energy">Sarawak Energy</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/about-us/core-business-activities">yang asal</a> pada 10 July 2015. Dicapai pada 23 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Core+Business+Activities&rft.pub=Sarawak+Energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawakenergy.com.my%2Findex.php%2Fabout-us%2Fcore-business-activities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarawaak_HEP_Plan-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sarawaak_HEP_Plan_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sarawaak_HEP_Plan_164-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123014245/http://www.siwrs.com.my/modules/iwrm/page.php?id=8">"Hydroelectric Power Dams in Sarawak"</a>. Sarawak Integrated Water Resources – Management Master Plan. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siwrs.com.my/modules/iwrm/page.php?id=8">yang asal</a> pada 23 November 2015. Dicapai pada 23 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hydroelectric+Power+Dams+in+Sarawak&rft.pub=Sarawak+Integrated+Water+Resources+%E2%80%93+Management+Master+Plan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siwrs.com.my%2Fmodules%2Fiwrm%2Fpage.php%3Fid%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFJack2014" class="citation news cs1">Jack, Wong (22 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/Business-News/2014/07/22/Bakun-at-50-capacity-Sarawak-dam-producing-an-average-of-900MW-By-Jack-Wong-starbizthestarcommy/?style=biz">"Bakun at 50% capacity producing 900MW"</a>. The Star (Malaysia). Dicapai pada 23 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bakun+at+50%25+capacity+producing+900MW&rft.date=2014-07-22&rft.aulast=Jack&rft.aufirst=Wong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2FBusiness%2FBusiness-News%2F2014%2F07%2F22%2FBakun-at-50-capacity-Sarawak-dam-producing-an-average-of-900MW-By-Jack-Wong-starbizthestarcommy%2F%3Fstyle%3Dbiz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFChristopher2015" class="citation news cs1">Christopher, Lindom (11 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123014941/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/47149/Making-HEPs-in-Sarawak-safe/">"Making HEPs in Sarawak safe"</a>. New Sarawak Tribune. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/47149/Making-HEPs-in-Sarawak-safe/">yang asal</a> pada 23 November 2015. Dicapai pada 23 November 2015. <q>... Murum HEP had officially started commercial operation on 8 June 2015,"... </q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Making+HEPs+in+Sarawak+safe&rft.date=2015-07-11&rft.aulast=Christopher&rft.aufirst=Lindom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsarawaktribune.com%2Fnews%2F47149%2FMaking-HEPs-in-Sarawak-safe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFCK_Tan2016" class="citation web cs1">CK Tan (12 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160515075142/http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Economy/Malaysia-exports-electricity-to-Indonesia">"Malaysia exports electricity to Indonesia"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihon_Keizai_Shinbun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihon Keizai Shinbun (laman tidak wujud)">Nihon Keizai Shinbun </a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Economy/Malaysia-exports-electricity-to-Indonesia">yang asal</a> pada 15 May 2016. Dicapai pada 15 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysia+exports+electricity+to+Indonesia&rft.pub=Nihon+Keizai+Shinbun&rft.date=2016-05-12&rft.au=CK+Tan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FPolitics-Economy%2FEconomy%2FMalaysia-exports-electricity-to-Indonesia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117185928/http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/development-strategy/">"Development Strategy"</a>. Regional Corridor Development Authority. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/development-strategy/">yang asal</a> pada 17 November 2015. Dicapai pada 22 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Development+Strategy&rft.pub=Regional+Corridor+Development+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.recoda.com.my%2Finvest-in-score%2Fdevelopment-strategy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015931/http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/what-is-score/">"What is SCORE?"</a>. Regional Corridor Development Authority. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/what-is-score/">yang asal</a> pada 17 November 2015. Dicapai pada 22 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+SCORE%3F&rft.pub=Regional+Corridor+Development+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.recoda.com.my%2Finvest-in-score%2Fwhat-is-score%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140627141532/http://www.recoda.com.my/priority-sectors/register-your-interest/">"Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy – Register your interest"</a>. Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recoda.com.my/priority-sectors/register-your-interest/">yang asal</a> pada 27 June 2014. Dicapai pada 26 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+Corridor+of+Renewable+Energy+%E2%80%93+Register+your+interest&rft.pub=Sarawak+Corridor+of+Renewable+Energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.recoda.com.my%2Fpriority-sectors%2Fregister-your-interest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117185839/http://www.recoda.com.my/about-recoda/what-is-recoda/">"What is RECODA"</a>. Regional Corridor Development Authority. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recoda.com.my/about-recoda/what-is-recoda/">yang asal</a> pada 17 November 2015. Dicapai pada 22 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+RECODA&rft.pub=Regional+Corridor+Development+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.recoda.com.my%2Fabout-recoda%2Fwhat-is-recoda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140627141442/http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/">"SCORE Areas"</a>. Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/">yang asal</a> pada 27 June 2014. Dicapai pada 31 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SCORE+Areas&rft.pub=Sarawak+Corridor+of+Renewable+Energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.recoda.com.my%2Finvest-in-score%2Fscore-areas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117183904/http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/samalaju/">"Samalaju – SCORE"</a>. Regional Corridor Development Authority. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/samalaju/">yang asal</a> pada 17 November 2015. Dicapai pada 22 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Samalaju+%E2%80%93+SCORE&rft.pub=Regional+Corridor+Development+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.recoda.com.my%2Finvest-in-score%2Fscore-areas%2Fsamalaju%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117085730/http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/tanjung-manis/">"Tanjung Manis – SCORE"</a>. Regional Corridor Development Authority. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/tanjung-manis/">yang asal</a> pada 17 November 2015. Dicapai pada 22 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tanjung+Manis+%E2%80%93+SCORE&rft.pub=Regional+Corridor+Development+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.recoda.com.my%2Finvest-in-score%2Fscore-areas%2Ftanjung-manis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117162533/http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/mukah/">"Mukah – SCORE"</a>. Regional Corridor Development Authority. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/mukah/">yang asal</a> pada 17 November 2015. Dicapai pada 22 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mukah+%E2%80%93+SCORE&rft.pub=Regional+Corridor+Development+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.recoda.com.my%2Finvest-in-score%2Fscore-areas%2Fmukah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tourist2015-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tourist2015_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tourist2015_176-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/06/16/fewer-tourists-visited-sarawak-last-year-dun-told/#ixzz4BiYr0pTx">"Fewer tourists visited Sarawak last year, DUN told"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Borneo_Post" title="The Borneo Post">The Borneo Post</a>. Dicapai pada 16 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fewer+tourists+visited+Sarawak+last+year%2C+DUN+told&rft.pub=The+Borneo+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2016%2F06%2F16%2Ffewer-tourists-visited-sarawak-last-year-dun-told%2F%23ixzz4BiYr0pTx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pulling_more_tourists_to_Sarawak-177">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pulling_more_tourists_to_Sarawak_177-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pulling_more_tourists_to_Sarawak_177-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150819065556/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/27/pulling-more-tourists-to-sarawak/">"Pulling more tourists to Sarawak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Borneo_Post" title="The Borneo Post">The Borneo Post</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/27/pulling-more-tourists-to-sarawak/">yang asal</a> pada 19 August 2015. Dicapai pada 7 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pulling+more+tourists+to+Sarawak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F06%2F27%2Fpulling-more-tourists-to-sarawak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_Business_Group_Tourism-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Business_Group_Tourism_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Business_Group_Tourism_178-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121001355/http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawaks-tourism-strategy-focuses-sustainable-development">"Sarawak's tourism strategy focuses on sustainable development"</a>. Oxford Business Group. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawaks-tourism-strategy-focuses-sustainable-development">yang asal</a> pada 21 November 2015. Dicapai pada 21 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak%27s+tourism+strategy+focuses+on+sustainable+development&rft.pub=Oxford+Business+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbusinessgroup.com%2Foverview%2Fsarawaks-tourism-strategy-focuses-sustainable-development&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFAva2015" class="citation news cs1">Ava, Lai (29 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/Metro/Community/2015/07/29/Valuable-prizes-await-Hornbill-winners/">"Valuable prizes await Hornbill winners"</a>. The Star (Malaysia). Dicapai pada 20 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Valuable+prizes+await+Hornbill+winners&rft.date=2015-07-29&rft.aulast=Ava&rft.aufirst=Lai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2FMetro%2FCommunity%2F2015%2F07%2F29%2FValuable-prizes-await-Hornbill-winners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bangkokpost.com/archive/sarawak-fest-certain-to-be-a-rare-treat/222869">"Sarawak fest certain to be a rare treat"</a>. Bangkok Post. 22 February 2011. Dicapai pada 20 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sarawak+fest+certain+to+be+a+rare+treat&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Farchive%2Fsarawak-fest-certain-to-be-a-rare-treat%2F222869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151228001618/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/malls-in-kuching/">"Shopping Malls in Kuching"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/malls-in-kuching/">yang asal</a> pada 28 December 2015. Dicapai pada 28 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shopping+Malls+in+Kuching&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fmalls-in-kuching%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150204143926/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/shopping-malls-in-miri/">"Shopping Malls in Miri"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/shopping-malls-in-miri/">yang asal</a> pada 4 February 2015. Dicapai pada 28 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shopping+Malls+in+Miri&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fshopping-malls-in-miri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160701023910/http://www.mot.sarawak.gov.my/upload/file_folder/va2015.pdf">"Visitor Arrivals into Sarawak 2015"</a> (PDF). Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture Sarawak. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mot.sarawak.gov.my/upload/file_folder/va2015.pdf">yang asal</a> (PDF) pada 2016-07-01. Dicapai pada 31 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visitor+Arrivals+into+Sarawak+2015&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Tourism%2C+Arts+and+Culture+Sarawak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mot.sarawak.gov.my%2Fupload%2Ffile_folder%2Fva2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9UPQAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA234&lpg=PA234">OECD Investment Policy Reviews OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Malaysia 2013</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kerjasama_dan_Pembangunan_Ekonomi" title="Pertubuhan Kerjasama dan Pembangunan Ekonomi">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> (OECD) Publishing. 30 October 2013. m/s. 234. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-92-64-19458-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-92-64-19458-8"><bdi>978-92-64-19458-8</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 17 December 2015. <q>All the same, there are important variations in the quantity and quality of infrastructure stocks, with infrastructure more developed in peninsular Malaysia than in Sabah and Sarawak.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OECD+Investment+Policy+Reviews+OECD+Investment+Policy+Reviews%3A+Malaysia+2013&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development+%28OECD%29+Publishing&rft.date=2013-10-30&rft.isbn=978-92-64-19458-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9UPQAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA234%26lpg%3DPA234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mut.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/index/">"Official Website of the Ministry of Utility and Telecommunication"</a>. mut.sarawak.gov.my. Dicapai pada 2024-09-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mut.sarawak.gov.my&rft.atitle=Official+Website+of+the+Ministry+of+Utility+and+Telecommunication&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmut.sarawak.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fhome%2Findex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Transport_and_Infrastructure-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Transport_and_Infrastructure_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Transport_and_Infrastructure_186-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Transport_and_Infrastructure_186-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907183756/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/160/177/">"Transport and Infrastructure"</a>. Official Website of the Sarawak Government. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/160/177/">yang asal</a> pada 7 September 2015. Dicapai pada 17 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transport+and+Infrastructure&rft.pub=Official+Website+of+the+Sarawak+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawak.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fhome%2Farticle_view%2F160%2F177%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFHarun2015" class="citation news cs1">Harun, Jau (8 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151217041741/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/48159/New-department-being-set-up/">"New department being set up"</a>. New Sarawak Tribune. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/48159/New-department-being-set-up/">yang asal</a> pada 17 December 2015. Dicapai pada 17 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+department+being+set+up&rft.date=2015-08-08&rft.aulast=Harun&rft.aufirst=Jau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsarawaktribune.com%2Fnews%2F48159%2FNew-department-being-set-up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-water_and_electricity-188"><a href="#cite_ref-water_and_electricity_188-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFAlexandraDoreen2015" class="citation news cs1">Alexandra, Lorna; Doreen, Ling (9 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151216165506/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/50465/Infrastructure-crucial-to-states-goals/">"Infrastructure crucial to state's goals"</a>. New Sarawak Tribune. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/50465/Infrastructure-crucial-to-states-goals/">yang asal</a> pada 16 December 2015. Dicapai pada 16 December 2015. <q>"In 2014, 82% of houses located in Sarawak rural areas have access to water supply in comparison to 59% in 2009." Fadillah also said that the rural electricity coverage had improved over the last few years with 91% of the households in Sarawak having access to electricity in 2014 compared to 67% in 2009.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Infrastructure+crucial+to+state%27s+goals&rft.date=2015-10-09&rft.aulast=Alexandra&rft.aufirst=Lorna&rft.au=Doreen%2C+Ling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsarawaktribune.com%2Fnews%2F50465%2FInfrastructure-crucial-to-states-goals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151217003141/http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/new-technologies-play-major-role-sarawak%E2%80%99s-development-plans">"New technologies play a major role in Sarawak's development plans"</a>. Oxford Business Group. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/new-technologies-play-major-role-sarawak%E2%80%99s-development-plans">yang asal</a> pada 17 December 2015. Dicapai pada 17 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+technologies+play+a+major+role+in+Sarawak%27s+development+plans&rft.pub=Oxford+Business+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbusinessgroup.com%2Foverview%2Fnew-technologies-play-major-role-sarawak%25E2%2580%2599s-development-plans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFThiessen2012" class="citation book cs1">Thiessen, Tamara (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DCDkRTYwN5AC&pg=PA98">Borneo:Sabah, Brunei, Sarawak</a>. Bradt Travel Guides. m/s. 98. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-84162-390-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-84162-390-0"><bdi>978-1-84162-390-0</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 26 January 2016. <q>All major roads are dual carriageways; there are no multi-lane expressways. In Malaysia, you drive on the left-hand side of the road and cars are right-hand drive.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Borneo%3ASabah%2C+Brunei%2C+Sarawak&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-84162-390-0&rft.aulast=Thiessen&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDCDkRTYwN5AC%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_transport-191">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_transport_191-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_transport_191-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_transport_191-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_transport_191-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151217044135/http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/new-land-air-and-sea-transport-links-will-help-meet-higher-demand-sarawak">"New land, air and sea transport links will help meet higher demand in Sarawak"</a>. Oxford Business Group. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/new-land-air-and-sea-transport-links-will-help-meet-higher-demand-sarawak">yang asal</a> pada 17 December 2015. Dicapai pada 17 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+land%2C+air+and+sea+transport+links+will+help+meet+higher+demand+in+Sarawak&rft.pub=Oxford+Business+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbusinessgroup.com%2Foverview%2Fnew-land-air-and-sea-transport-links-will-help-meet-higher-demand-sarawak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFThen2013" class="citation news cs1">Then, Stephen (13 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Community/2013/09/13/Deadly-reminder-after-grim-toll-Repair-Pan-Borneo-Highway-now-says-Bintulu-MP-following-latest-fatal.aspx/">"Repair Pan Borneo Highway now, says Bintulu MP following latest fatal accident"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star (Malaysia)</a>. Dicapai pada 23 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Repair+Pan+Borneo+Highway+now%2C+says+Bintulu+MP+following+latest+fatal+accident&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft.aulast=Then&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2FNews%2FCommunity%2F2013%2F09%2F13%2FDeadly-reminder-after-grim-toll-Repair-Pan-Borneo-Highway-now-says-Bintulu-MP-following-latest-fatal.aspx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFWong2016" class="citation web cs1">Wong, Jack (19 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2016/12/19/rm16bil-pan-borneo-highway-jobs-awarded/">"RM16bil Pan Borneo Highway jobs awarded"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star (Malaysia)</a>. Dicapai pada 28 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RM16bil+Pan+Borneo+Highway+jobs+awarded&rft.pub=The+Star+%28Malaysia%29&rft.date=2016-12-19&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-news%2F2016%2F12%2F19%2Frm16bil-pan-borneo-highway-jobs-awarded%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314045219/http://searail.malayanrailways.com/Sarawak/Sarawak.htm">"Sarawak Government Railway"</a>. Asian Railways. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searail.malayanrailways.com/Sarawak/Sarawak.htm">yang asal</a> pada 14 March 2016. Dicapai pada 14 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+Government+Railway&rft.pub=Asian+Railways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearail.malayanrailways.com%2FSarawak%2FSarawak.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314044228/http://www.bt.com.bn/asia_news/2008/10/14/sarawaks_rapid_railway_ready_by_2015">"Sarawak's rapid railway ready by 2015"</a>. The Brunei Time. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bt.com.bn/asia_news/2008/10/14/sarawaks_rapid_railway_ready_by_2015">yang asal</a> pada 14 March 2016. Dicapai pada 29 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak%27s+rapid+railway+ready+by+2015&rft.pub=The+Brunei+Time&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bt.com.bn%2Fasia_news%2F2008%2F10%2F14%2Fsarawaks_rapid_railway_ready_by_2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170419083219/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/379628">"Sarawak's LRT to be ready in three years, says CM"</a>. Malaysiakini. 19 April 2017. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/379628">yang asal</a> pada 19 April 2017. Dicapai pada 13 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sarawak%27s+LRT+to+be+ready+in+three+years%2C+says+CM&rft.date=2017-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F379628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFLim2014" class="citation news cs1">Lim, How Pim (18 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822063031/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/08/18/sarawak-gets-3-more-hospitals/">"Sarawak gets 3 more hospitals"</a>. The Borneo Post. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/08/18/sarawak-gets-3-more-hospitals/">yang asal</a> pada 22 August 2014. Dicapai pada 19 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sarawak+gets+3+more+hospitals&rft.date=2014-08-18&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=How+Pim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2014%2F08%2F18%2Fsarawak-gets-3-more-hospitals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarawak_specialists-198"><a href="#cite_ref-Sarawak_specialists_198-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2014/11/15/efforts-to-address-shortage-alternative-pathways-to-overcome-the-lack-of-specialists-in-sarawak/">"Alternative pathways to overcome the lack of specialists in Sarawak"</a>. The Borneo Post. 15 November 2014. Dicapai pada 19 December 2015. <q>Dr Jerip said there were currently 248 specialists distributed among the major hospitals in the state, comprising the Sarawak General Hospital, Sibu Hospital and Miri Hospital, as well as several divisional hospitals.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alternative+pathways+to+overcome+the+lack+of+specialists+in+Sarawak&rft.date=2014-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fcommunity%2F2014%2F11%2F15%2Fefforts-to-address-shortage-alternative-pathways-to-overcome-the-lack-of-specialists-in-sarawak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_healthcare-199"><a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_healthcare_199-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawak-makes-efforts-boost-access-health-care">"Sarawak makes efforts to boost access to health care"</a>. Oxford Business Group. Dicapai pada 19 December 2015. <q>Sarawak's 221 public health clinics include only seven rural clinics. Services for the poor are also provided at 1Malaysia clinics, where assistant medical officers provide basic health care, but again, these clinics – of which the state has 18 – have historically been located mainly in urban areas.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+makes+efforts+to+boost+access+to+health+care&rft.pub=Oxford+Business+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbusinessgroup.com%2Foverview%2Fsarawak-makes-efforts-boost-access-health-care&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFNigel2013" class="citation news cs1">Nigel, Edgar (4 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2013/12/04/giving-healthcare-a-huge-boost-state-recognises-importance-of-private-hospitals-such-as-borneo-medic/">"Wednesday, 4 December 2013 Sarawak recognises importance of private hospitals such as Borneo Medical Centre"</a>. The Star (Malaysia). Dicapai pada 19 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wednesday%2C+4+December+2013+Sarawak+recognises+importance+of+private+hospitals+such+as+Borneo+Medical+Centre&rft.date=2013-12-04&rft.aulast=Nigel&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fcommunity%2F2013%2F12%2F04%2Fgiving-healthcare-a-huge-boost-state-recognises-importance-of-private-hospitals-such-as-borneo-medic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150909202618/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/209/225/">"Quality of Life"</a>. The Sarawak Government. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/209/225/">yang asal</a> pada 9 September 2015. Dicapai pada 19 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quality+of+Life&rft.pub=The+Sarawak+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawak.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fhome%2Farticle_view%2F209%2F225%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150126135600/http://www.sarawakhospicesociety.org/index.php?page=sarawak-hospice-society">"Sarawak Hospice Society"</a>. Sarawak Hospice Society. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakhospicesociety.org/index.php?page=sarawak-hospice-society">yang asal</a> pada 26 January 2015. Dicapai pada 19 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+Hospice+Society&rft.pub=Sarawak+Hospice+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawakhospicesociety.org%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dsarawak-hospice-society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2010" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, K Saai (28 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151219073010/http://www.theborneopost.com/2010/10/28/%E2%80%98people-still-dump-mental-patients-at-hospital-sentosa%E2%80%99/">"'People still dump mental patients at Hospital Sentosa'"</a>. The Borneo Post. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2010/10/28/%E2%80%98people-still-dump-mental-patients-at-hospital-sentosa%E2%80%99/">yang asal</a> pada 19 December 2015. Dicapai pada 19 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27People+still+dump+mental+patients+at+Hospital+Sentosa%27&rft.date=2010-10-28&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=K+Saai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2010%2F10%2F28%2F%25E2%2580%2598people-still-dump-mental-patients-at-hospital-sentosa%25E2%2580%2599%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2015/08/01/sarawak-wants-more-participation-in-private-healthcare-sector/">"'Sarawak wants more participation in private healthcare sector'"</a>. The Rakyat Post. 1 August 2015. Dicapai pada 19 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Sarawak+wants+more+participation+in+private+healthcare+sector%27&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.therakyatpost.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F08%2F01%2Fsarawak-wants-more-participation-in-private-healthcare-sector%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFChin2012" class="citation news cs1">Chin, Mui Yoon (27 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/features/2012/02/27/access-to-healthcare-a-challenge-for-sarawaks-interior-folk/">"Access to healthcare a challenge for Sarawak's interior folk"</a>. The Star (Malaysia). Dicapai pada 19 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Access+to+healthcare+a+challenge+for+Sarawak%27s+interior+folk&rft.date=2012-02-27&rft.aulast=Chin&rft.aufirst=Mui+Yoon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Flifestyle%2Ffeatures%2F2012%2F02%2F27%2Faccess-to-healthcare-a-challenge-for-sarawaks-interior-folk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFAriffTeng2002" class="citation journal cs1">Ariff, K.M; Teng, CL (2002). "Rural health care in Malaysia". Australian Journal of Rural Health. 10 (2): 99–103. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1440-1584.2002.00456.x">10.1046/j.1440-1584.2002.00456.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12047504">12047504</a>. <q>The FDS in Sarawak was launched in 1973 to provide healthcare to communities residing outside the 'extended operational area' limits of the health centre (beyond 12 km).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Rural+Health&rft.atitle=Rural+health+care+in+Malaysia&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=99-103&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1440-1584.2002.00456.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12047504&rft.aulast=Ariff&rft.aufirst=K.M&rft.au=Teng%2C+CL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFKoshy2013" class="citation journal cs1">Koshy, Rachel (1 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/2837703/Flying">"Flying doctor service in East Malaysia: Rachel Koshy"</a>. European Journal of Public Health. 23 (1): 223. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Feurpub%2Fckt123.184">10.1093/eurpub/ckt123.184</a>. Dicapai pada 2 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Flying+doctor+service+in+East+Malaysia%3A+Rachel+Koshy&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=223&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Feurpub%2Fckt123.184&rft.aulast=Koshy&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Feurpub%2Farticle%2F2837703%2FFlying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFLeng_CheeBarraclough2007" class="citation book cs1">Leng Chee, Heng; Barraclough, Simon (6 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hANe_y3bPmkC&pg=PA196">Health Care in Malaysia: The Dynamics of Provision, Financing and Access</a>. Routledge. m/s. 195. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-11295-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-11295-1"><bdi>978-1-134-11295-1</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Health+Care+in+Malaysia%3A+The+Dynamics+of+Provision%2C+Financing+and+Access&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007-03-06&rft.isbn=978-1-134-11295-1&rft.aulast=Leng+Chee&rft.aufirst=Heng&rft.au=Barraclough%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhANe_y3bPmkC%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFLeng_CheeBarraclough2007" class="citation book cs1">Leng Chee, Heng; Barraclough, Simon (6 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hANe_y3bPmkC&pg=PA196">Health Care in Malaysia: The Dynamics of Provision, Financing and Access</a>. Routledge. m/s. 196. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-11295-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-11295-1"><bdi>978-1-134-11295-1</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 30 March 2016. <q>While there were systems of tradiional medicine and a traditional pharmacopoenia amongst the indigenous communities in Sarawak, they have largely fallen into disuse ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Health+Care+in+Malaysia%3A+The+Dynamics+of+Provision%2C+Financing+and+Access&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007-03-06&rft.isbn=978-1-134-11295-1&rft.aulast=Leng+Chee&rft.aufirst=Heng&rft.au=Barraclough%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhANe_y3bPmkC%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFBawin_Anggat" class="citation web cs1">Bawin Anggat, Nicholas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160330133431/http://health.usf.edu/NR/rdonlyres/00A35B41-CD50-4B4C-B2E7-906C090C31B7/26990/TraditionalMedicinesofBorneo1.pdf">"Traditional Medicines of Borneo at Risk"</a> (PDF). Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://health.usf.edu/NR/rdonlyres/00A35B41-CD50-4B4C-B2E7-906C090C31B7/26990/TraditionalMedicinesofBorneo1.pdf">yang asal</a> (PDF) pada 30 March 2016. Dicapai pada 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traditional+Medicines+of+Borneo+at+Risk&rft.aulast=Bawin+Anggat&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhealth.usf.edu%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F00A35B41-CD50-4B4C-B2E7-906C090C31B7%2F26990%2FTraditionalMedicinesofBorneo1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114061013/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/11/08/chinese-traditional-medicine">"Chinese traditional medicine"</a>. The Borneo Post. 8 November 2012. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/11/08/chinese-traditional-medicine/">yang asal</a> pada 14 November 2012. Dicapai pada 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chinese+traditional+medicine&rft.date=2012-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2012%2F11%2F08%2Fchinese-traditional-medicine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarawak_education-210">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sarawak_education_210-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sarawak_education_210-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907185329/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/197/215/">"Education"</a>. Official Website of the Sarawak Government. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/197/215/">yang asal</a> pada 7 September 2015. Dicapai pada 21 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Education&rft.pub=Official+Website+of+the+Sarawak+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawak.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fhome%2Farticle_view%2F197%2F215%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201355/http://www.mohe.gov.my/en/institutions-2">"Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia - Institutions"</a>. Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohe.gov.my/en/institutions-2">yang asal</a> pada 2017-04-06. Dicapai pada 6 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+Higher+Education+Malaysia+-+Institutions&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Higher+Education+Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohe.gov.my%2Fen%2Finstitutions-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFOoi2016" class="citation web cs1">Ooi, May Sim (21 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/education/2016/02/21/preschool-education-crucial/">"Pre-school education crucial"</a>. The Star Online. Star Media Group Berhad. Dicapai pada 3 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star+Online&rft.atitle=Pre-school+education+crucial&rft.date=2016-02-21&rft.aulast=Ooi&rft.aufirst=May+Sim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Feducation%2F2016%2F02%2F21%2Fpreschool-education-crucial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFSilcock1963" class="citation book cs1">Silcock, T.H (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Sp8Ix7_8IsC&pg=PA46">The Political Economy of Independent Malaya:A case-study in development</a>. University of California Press. m/s. 46. Dicapai pada 21 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Economy+of+Independent+Malaya%3AA+case-study+in+development&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Silcock&rft.aufirst=T.H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Sp8Ix7_8IsC%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="SPU2015" class="citation web cs1">State Planning Unit, Chief Ministers Department. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jkm.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=publication&sub=publication_show&id=3">"Sarawak Facts & Figures 2015"</a>. m/s. 40. Dicapai pada 3 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+Facts+%26+Figures+2015&rft.pages=40&rft.aulast=State+Planning+Unit&rft.aufirst=Chief+Ministers+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jkm.sarawak.gov.my%2Fmodules%2Fweb%2Fpages.php%3Fmod%3Dpublication%26sub%3Dpublication_show%26id%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFEdgar2015" class="citation news cs1">Edgar, Ong (10 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150615085243/http://www.theantdaily.com/Main/Can-you-blame-Sarawak-and-Sabah-for-feeling-left-out">"Can you blame Sarawak and Sabah for feeling left out?"</a>. The Ant Daily. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theantdaily.com/Main/Can-you-blame-Sarawak-and-Sabah-for-feeling-left-out">yang asal</a> pada 15 June 2015. Dicapai pada 21 December 2015. <q>The eight schools missing from the incomplete list are St. Thomas's School Kuching (1848), St Mary's School Kuching (1848), St Joseph's School Kuching (1882), St Teresa's School Kuching (1885), St Michael's School Sandakan (1886), St Michael's School Penampang (1888), All Saints' School, Likas (1903) and St Patrick's School Tawau (1917).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Can+you+blame+Sarawak+and+Sabah+for+feeling+left+out%3F&rft.date=2015-04-10&rft.aulast=Edgar&rft.aufirst=Ong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theantdaily.com%2FMain%2FCan-you-blame-Sarawak-and-Sabah-for-feeling-left-out&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_education-216">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_education_216-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_education_216-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151221141840/http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawaks-public-and-private-sectors-work-together-revamp-education">"Sarawak's public and private sectors work together to revamp education"</a>. Oxford Business Group. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawaks-public-and-private-sectors-work-together-revamp-education">yang asal</a> pada 21 December 2015. Dicapai pada 21 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak%27s+public+and+private+sectors+work+together+to+revamp+education&rft.pub=Oxford+Business+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbusinessgroup.com%2Foverview%2Fsarawaks-public-and-private-sectors-work-together-revamp-education&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231125149/http://shadongzong.org/secondary-schools/">"砂拉越华文独中通讯录 (Communication directory of Sarawak Chinese independent schools)"</a> (dalam bahasa Chinese). Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shadongzong.org/secondary-schools/">yang asal</a> pada 31 December 2013. Dicapai pada 1 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E7%8B%AC%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E5%BD%95+%28Communication+directory+of+Sarawak+Chinese+independent+schools%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshadongzong.org%2Fsecondary-schools%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/06/24/of-chinese-schools-and-their-student-population/">"Of Chinese schools and their student population"</a>. Borneo Post Online. 24 June 2016. Dicapai pada 3 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Borneo+Post+Online&rft.atitle=Of+Chinese+schools+and+their+student+population&rft.date=2016-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2016%2F06%2F24%2Fof-chinese-schools-and-their-student-population%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160626080230/http://www.thesundaily.my/node/135077">"55,975 bumiputera pupils in Chinese schools"</a>. Bernama. The Sun. 17 December 2010. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/node/135077">yang asal</a> pada 26 June 2016. 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Dicapai pada 5 April 2017. <q>Under the 11th Malaysia Plan from 2016 to 2020, the government has allocated RM1 billion for a Skills Development Fund to enable more students to receive skills and vocational education.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Borneo+Post+online&rft.atitle=The+growth+of+Technical+Vocational+Education+and+Training+in+Sarawak&rft.date=2015-05-23&rft.aulast=Yes&rft.aufirst=Sarawak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F05%2F23%2Fthe-growth-of-technical-vocational-education-and-training-in-sarawak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/03/08/150-petronas-scholarships-for-mrsm-students/">"150 Petronas scholarships for MRSM students"</a>. The Borneo Post online. 8 March 2015. Dicapai pada 5 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Borneo+Post+online&rft.atitle=150+Petronas+scholarships+for+MRSM+students&rft.date=2015-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F03%2F08%2F150-petronas-scholarships-for-mrsm-students%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2015/06/25/petronas-under-scholarship-fire-supp-chief-national-oil-company-not-giving-sarawakians-enough/">"Petronas under scholarship fire"</a>. The Star Online. 25 June 2015. Dicapai pada 5 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star+Online&rft.atitle=Petronas+under+scholarship+fire&rft.date=2015-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fmetro%2Fcommunity%2F2015%2F06%2F25%2Fpetronas-under-scholarship-fire-supp-chief-national-oil-company-not-giving-sarawakians-enough%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFNewsdesk2016" class="citation web cs1">Newsdesk (10 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406110327/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/54873/Petronas-continues-to-support-SCaT-Fair/">"Petronas continues to support SCaT fair"</a>. New Sarawak Tribune. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/54873/Petronas-continues-to-support-SCaT-Fair/">yang asal</a> pada 2017-04-06. Dicapai pada 5 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Sarawak+Tribune&rft.atitle=Petronas+continues+to+support+SCaT+fair&rft.date=2016-03-10&rft.au=Newsdesk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsarawaktribune.com%2Fnews%2F54873%2FPetronas-continues-to-support-SCaT-Fair%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sarawakfacts.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/cls_list.php?clsid=34&catid=156&subcatid=&polid=129/">"Facts and Figures"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sarawak_Facts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Sarawak Facts (laman tidak wujud)">The Sarawak Facts</a>. Dicapai pada 15 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facts+and+Figures&rft.pub=The+Sarawak+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsarawakfacts.sarawak.gov.my%2Fmodules%2Fweb%2Fcls_list.php%3Fclsid%3D34%26catid%3D156%26subcatid%3D%26polid%3D129%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> Check <code class="cs1-code">|archiveurl=</code> value (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_url" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.sarawak.gov.my/home/data/dataset/c642e02c-5832-4678-99c6-e438149503c0">"Sarawak Population by Ethnic Group"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Planning_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Planning Unit (laman tidak wujud)">State Planning Unit</a>. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.sarawak.gov.my/">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 13 Ogos 2020. Dicapai pada 13 Ogos 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+Population+by+Ethnic+Group&rft.pub=State+Planning+Unit&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.sarawak.gov.my%2Fhome%2Fdata%2Fdataset%2Fc642e02c-5832-4678-99c6-e438149503c0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Community/2014/01/17/Johari-Urbanrural-ratio-to-hit-6535-within-10-years/">"Johari: Urban-rural ratio to hit 65:35 within 10 years"</a>. The Star (Malaysia). 17 January 2014. Dicapai pada 24 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Johari%3A+Urban-rural+ratio+to+hit+65%3A35+within+10+years&rft.date=2014-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2FNews%2FCommunity%2F2014%2F01%2F17%2FJohari-Urbanrural-ratio-to-hit-6535-within-10-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173809/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/241/251/">"Vital Statistics Summary for Births and Deaths"</a>. Sarawak Government. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/241/251/">yang asal</a> pada 7 September 2015. Dicapai pada 12 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vital+Statistics+Summary+for+Births+and+Deaths&rft.pub=Sarawak+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawak.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fhome%2Farticle_view%2F241%2F251%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarawak_Convention_Bureau-228">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sarawak_Convention_Bureau_228-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sarawak_Convention_Bureau_228-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150106051053/http://www.stf.org.my/sarawak/index.php?do=people">"The Sarawak People"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Federation. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stf.org.my/sarawak/index.php?do=people">yang asal</a> pada 6 January 2015. Dicapai pada 24 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sarawak+People&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stf.org.my%2Fsarawak%2Findex.php%3Fdo%3Dpeople&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002003359/http://www.suhakam.org.my/indigenous-people/">"Indigenous peoples – (a) Land rights of Indigenous Peoples"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Suruhanjaya_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_Malaysia" title="Suruhanjaya Hak Asasi Manusia Malaysia">Suruhanjaya Hak Asasi Manusia Malaysia</a> (SUHAKAM). Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suhakam.org.my/indigenous-people/">yang asal</a> pada 2 October 2015. Dicapai pada 30 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indigenous+peoples+%E2%80%93+%28a%29+Land+rights+of+Indigenous+Peoples&rft.pub=Suruhanjaya+Hak+Asasi+Manusia+Malaysia+%28SUHAKAM%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.suhakam.org.my%2Findigenous-people%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFTingRose2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ting, Su Hie; Rose, Louis (June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-377286780/ethnic-language-use-and-ethnic-identity-for-sarawak">"Ethnic Language Use and Ethnic Identity for Sarawak Indigenous Groups in Malaysia"</a>. Oceanic Linguistics. 53 (1): 92–109. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fol.2014.0002">10.1353/ol.2014.0002</a>. Dicapai pada 30 November 2015. <q>In Malaysia, Bumiputera (literally translated as 'prince of the earth' or 'son of the land') refers to the Malay and other indigenous people. ... The Bumiputera in general enjoy special privileges as part of the affirmative action for advancement of the community, and these include priority in university entry, scholarships, and government jobs, special finance schemes, and political positions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceanic+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Language+Use+and+Ethnic+Identity+for+Sarawak+Indigenous+Groups+in+Malaysia&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=92-109&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fol.2014.0002&rft.aulast=Ting&rft.aufirst=Su+Hie&rft.au=Rose%2C+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fread%2F1G1-377286780%2Fethnic-language-use-and-ethnic-identity-for-sarawak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFSheith_Khidir2016" class="citation news cs1">Sheith Khidir, Abu Bakar (29 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125812/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/03/29/stateless-penans-demand-citizenship-papers/">"Stateless Penans demand citizenship papers"</a>. Free Malaysia Today. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/03/29/stateless-penans-demand-citizenship-papers/">yang asal</a> pada 2017-08-21. Dicapai pada 30 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Stateless+Penans+demand+citizenship+papers&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft.aulast=Sheith+Khidir&rft.aufirst=Abu+Bakar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemalaysiatoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fnation%2F2016%2F03%2F29%2Fstateless-penans-demand-citizenship-papers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2005/09/26/penans-stateless-because-of-fines/">"Penans 'stateless' because of fines"</a>. The Star (Malaysia). 26 September 2005. Dicapai pada 30 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Penans+%27stateless%27+because+of+fines&rft.date=2005-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2005%2F09%2F26%2Fpenans-stateless-because-of-fines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/04/07/mobile-unit-makes-nrd-applications-easy-for-penan-community/">"Mobile unit makes NRD applications easy for Penan community"</a>. The Borneo Post. 7 April 2016. Dicapai pada 30 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mobile+unit+makes+NRD+applications+easy+for+Penan+community&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2016%2F04%2F07%2Fmobile-unit-makes-nrd-applications-easy-for-penan-community%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151027171855/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1593885">"Over 95,000 foreign workers in Sarawak hold temporary employment passes"</a>. The Sun Daily. 26 October 2015. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1593885">yang asal</a> pada 27 October 2015. Dicapai pada 18 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Over+95%2C000+foreign+workers+in+Sarawak+hold+temporary+employment+passes&rft.date=2015-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnews%2F1593885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFSulok2015" class="citation news cs1">Sulok, Tawie (11 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025155243/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/illegal-immigrants-in-sarawak-a-huge-problem-deputy-home-minister-admits">"Illegal immigrants in Sarawak a 'huge problem', deputy home minister admits"</a>. Malay Mail Online. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/illegal-immigrants-in-sarawak-a-huge-problem-deputy-home-minister-admits">yang asal</a> pada 25 October 2015. Dicapai pada 18 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Illegal+immigrants+in+Sarawak+a+%27huge+problem%27%2C+deputy+home+minister+admits&rft.date=2015-04-11&rft.aulast=Sulok&rft.aufirst=Tawie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaymailonline.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fillegal-immigrants-in-sarawak-a-huge-problem-deputy-home-minister-admits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFLeong2014" class="citation news cs1">Leong, Joe (4 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151124022706/http://www.theantdaily.com/Article.aspx?ArticleId=14911">"Bizarre names like Tigabelas, Helicopter, Kissing in Borneo are real"</a>. The Ant Daily. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theantdaily.com/Article.aspx?ArticleId=14911">yang asal</a> pada 24 November 2015. Dicapai pada 24 November 2015. <q>There are several other minor ethnic groups placed under the 'others', such as Indian, Eurasian, Kedayan, Javanese, Bugis and Murut.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bizarre+names+like+Tigabelas%2C+Helicopter%2C+Kissing+in+Borneo+are+real&rft.date=2014-08-04&rft.aulast=Leong&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theantdaily.com%2FArticle.aspx%3FArticleId%3D14911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151124080101/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/putrajaya-approves-dayak-for-race-category-in-all-official-forms">"Putrajaya approves 'Dayak' for 'Race' category in all official forms"</a>. The Malaysian Insider. 31 October 2015. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/putrajaya-approves-dayak-for-race-category-in-all-official-forms">yang asal</a> pada 24 November 2015. Dicapai pada 24 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putrajaya+approves+%27Dayak%27+for+%27Race%27+category+in+all+official+forms&rft.date=2015-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fputrajaya-approves-dayak-for-race-category-in-all-official-forms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.sarawak.gov.my/home/data/dataset/c642e02c-5832-4678-99c6-e438149503c0">"Sarawak Population by Ethnic Group"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Planning_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Planning Unit (laman tidak wujud)">State Planning Unit</a>. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.sarawak.gov.my/">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 30 Ogos 2021. Dicapai pada 20 Jun 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+Population+by+Ethnic+Group&rft.pub=State+Planning+Unit&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.sarawak.gov.my%2Fhome%2Fdata%2Fdataset%2Fc642e02c-5832-4678-99c6-e438149503c0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFKeat2004" class="citation book cs1">Keat, Gin Ooi (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA623">Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1</a>. ABC-CLIO. m/s. 623–625. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-57607-770-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-57607-770-2"><bdi>978-1-57607-770-2</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 25 November 2015. <q>Ibans are found in all political divisions of Borneo but in largest numbers in Sarawak. ... Christian missionaries have been active among the Ibans for more than a century, and today many Ibans are Christians.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%2C+from+Angkor+Wat+to+East+Timor%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=623-625&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-770-2&rft.aulast=Keat&rft.aufirst=Gin+Ooi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQKgraWbb7yoC%26pg%3DPA623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125091022/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-iban/">"Our People – Iban – The official travel website for Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-iban/">yang asal</a> pada 25 November 2015. Dicapai pada 25 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+People+%E2%80%93+Iban+%E2%80%93+The+official+travel+website+for+Sarawak%2C+Malaysian+Borneo&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fblog%2Four-people-iban%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borneotrilogy-241"><a href="#cite_ref-Borneotrilogy_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFFrans2011" class="citation book cs1">Frans, Welman (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BCrEN6gUkHEC&pg=PA177">Borneo Trilogy Sarawak: Volume 1</a>. Bangkok, Thailand: Booksmango. m/s. 177. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-616-245-082-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-616-245-082-2"><bdi>978-616-245-082-2</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 2 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Borneo+Trilogy+Sarawak%3A+Volume+1&rft.place=Bangkok%2C+Thailand&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Booksmango&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-616-245-082-2&rft.aulast=Frans&rft.aufirst=Welman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBCrEN6gUkHEC%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-STF-242">^ <a href="#cite_ref-STF_242-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-STF_242-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151021023017/http://www.stf.org.my/sarawak/index.php?do=people">"Ethnic groups"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Federation. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stf.org.my/sarawak/index.php?do=people">yang asal</a> pada 21 October 2015. Dicapai pada 23 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sarawak+Tourism+Federation&rft.atitle=Ethnic+groups&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stf.org.my%2Fsarawak%2Findex.php%3Fdo%3Dpeople&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tourism_Chinese-243"><a href="#cite_ref-Tourism_Chinese_243-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160130113426/http://sarawaktourism.com/our-people-chinese/">"Our people – Chinese"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-chinese/">yang asal</a> pada 30 January 2016. Dicapai pada 28 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+people+%E2%80%93+Chinese&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fblog%2Four-people-chinese%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn" class="citation web cs1">John, Barwick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518052143/http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/h/huang-naishang.php">"Huang Naishang (1844–1924)"</a>. Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/h/huang-naishang.php">yang asal</a> pada 18 May 2013. Dicapai pada 21 July 2015. <q>Shortly thereafter, Huang decided to start a new settlement of Chinese in Malaysia in order to escape China's despotism and Fujian's poverty. ... In 1901, Huang traveled with settlers from Fujian to Sibu, where he founded New Fuzhou.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Huang+Naishang+%281844%E2%80%931924%29&rft.pub=Biographical+Dictionary+of+Chinese+Christianity&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=Barwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bdcconline.net%2Fen%2Fstories%2Fh%2Fhuang-naishang.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151130135035/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-malay/">"Our people – Malay – The official website for Sarawak Malaysian Borneo"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-malay/">yang asal</a> pada 30 November 2015. Dicapai pada 30 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+people+%E2%80%93+Malay+%E2%80%93+The+official+website+for+Sarawak+Malaysian+Borneo&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fblog%2Four-people-malay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520130302/http://www.gomiri.com/en/01miri/people.htm">"Miri Visitors' Guide – Miri's inhabitants"</a>. gomiri.com. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gomiri.com/en/01miri/people.htm">yang asal</a> pada 20 May 2015. Dicapai pada 8 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gomiri.com&rft.atitle=Miri+Visitors%27+Guide+%E2%80%93+Miri%27s+inhabitants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gomiri.com%2Fen%2F01miri%2Fpeople.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207223218/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-bidayuh/">"Our people – Bidayuh"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-bidayuh/">yang asal</a> pada 7 December 2015. Dicapai pada 7 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+people+%E2%80%93+Bidayuh&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fblog%2Four-people-bidayuh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120731165223/http://www.scv.com.my/bidayuh.asp">"Bidayuh longhouse"</a>. Sarawak Cultural Village. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scv.com.my/bidayuh.asp">yang asal</a> pada 31 July 2012. Dicapai pada 7 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bidayuh+longhouse&rft.pub=Sarawak+Cultural+Village&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scv.com.my%2Fbidayuh.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orang_Ulu_tourism-250">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Orang_Ulu_tourism_250-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orang_Ulu_tourism_250-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFErivina" class="citation web cs1">Erivina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150207232121/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-orang-ulu/">"Our people – Orang Ulu"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-orang-ulu/">yang asal</a> pada 7 February 2015. Dicapai pada 10 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+people+%E2%80%93+Orang+Ulu&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft.au=Erivina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fblog%2Four-people-orang-ulu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140522234002/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2020/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf">"Taburan Penduduk dan Ciri-ciri asas demografi (Population Distribution and Basic demographic characteristics 2020)"</a> (PDF). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2020/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf">yang asal</a> (PDF) pada 29 May 2022. Dicapai pada 30 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taburan+Penduduk+dan+Ciri-ciri+asas+demografi+%28Population+Distribution+and+Basic+demographic+characteristics+2020%29&rft.pub=Department+of+Statistics%2C+Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.my%2Fportal%2Fdownload_Population%2Ffiles%2Fcensus2020%2FTaburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> p. 13 </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/12/12/explanation-sought-on-real-status-of-swaks-official-religion/">"Explanation sought on real status of S'wak's official religion"</a>. The Borneo Post. 12 December 2015. Dicapai pada 11 December 2015. <q>The Sarawak State Constitution is clear—Sarawak has no official religion, but the official website stated otherwise. This matter was pointed out by YB <a href="/wiki/Baru_Bian" title="Baru Bian">Baru Bian</a> (Ba Kelalan assemblyman and state PKR chairman) in his letter to the state secretary in July this year, and no action was taken.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Explanation+sought+on+real+status+of+S%27wak%27s+official+religion&rft.date=2015-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F12%2F12%2Fexplanation-sought-on-real-status-of-swaks-official-religion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFCarlo1982" class="citation book cs1">Carlo, Caldarola (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R1ME01zxL98C&pg=PA480&lpg=PA481">Religions and Societies, Asia and the Middle East</a>. Walter de Gruyter. m/s. 481. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-279-3259-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-279-3259-4"><bdi>978-90-279-3259-4</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 15 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religions+and+Societies%2C+Asia+and+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=481&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-90-279-3259-4&rft.aulast=Carlo&rft.aufirst=Caldarola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR1ME01zxL98C%26pg%3DPA480%26lpg%3DPA481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131126082044/http://sibgrace.org/about-us/sidang.html">"SIB & BEM – A Brief Introduction to Origin of SIB"</a>. SIB Grace. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sibgrace.org/about-us/sidang.html">yang asal</a> pada 26 November 2013. Dicapai pada 15 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SIB+%26+BEM+%E2%80%93+A+Brief+Introduction+to+Origin+of+SIB&rft.pub=SIB+Grace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsibgrace.org%2Fabout-us%2Fsidang.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020050431/http://www.mbc.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37&Itemid=60">"List of Baptist churches in Sarawak"</a>. Malaysia Baptist Convention. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbc.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37&Itemid=60">yang asal</a> pada 20 October 2014. Dicapai pada 15 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Baptist+churches+in+Sarawak&rft.pub=Malaysia+Baptist+Convention&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbc.org.my%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D37%26Itemid%3D60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFCarl2013" class="citation book cs1">Carl, Skutsch (7 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yXYKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA781">Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities</a>. Routledge. m/s. 781. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-135-19388-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-135-19388-1"><bdi>978-1-135-19388-1</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 15 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Minorities&rft.pages=781&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-11-07&rft.isbn=978-1-135-19388-1&rft.aulast=Carl&rft.aufirst=Skutsch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyXYKAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331125648/http://bahai.org.my/sarawak.html">"Malaysia Bahai's – Sarawak"</a>. bahai.org.my. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bahai.org.my/sarawak.html">yang asal</a> pada 31 March 2016. Dicapai pada 1 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bahai.org.my&rft.atitle=Malaysia+Bahai%27s+%E2%80%93+Sarawak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bahai.org.my%2Fsarawak.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFChieng2015" class="citation news cs1">Chieng, Connie (17 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160401152839/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/48486/Sarawak-is-a-blessed-land-of-harmony/">"Sarawak is a blessed land of harmony"</a>. New Sarawak Tribune. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/48486/Sarawak-is-a-blessed-land-of-harmony/">yang asal</a> pada 1 April 2016. Dicapai pada 1 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sarawak+is+a+blessed+land+of+harmony&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft.aulast=Chieng&rft.aufirst=Connie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsarawaktribune.com%2Fnews%2F48486%2FSarawak-is-a-blessed-land-of-harmony%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310162532/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/sikh-temple/">"Sikh Temple"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/sikh-temple/">yang asal</a> pada 10 March 2016. Dicapai pada 1 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sikh+Temple&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fsikh-temple%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160401154021/http://www.pravdareport.com/hotspots/disasters/24-03-2014/127152-animism-0/">"Animism is alive and well in South-East Asia: What can we learn?"</a>. Pravda.ru. 24 March 2014. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravdareport.com/hotspots/disasters/24-03-2014/127152-animism-0/">yang asal</a> pada 1 April 2016. Dicapai pada 1 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Animism+is+alive+and+well+in+South-East+Asia%3A+What+can+we+learn%3F&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravdareport.com%2Fhotspots%2Fdisasters%2F24-03-2014%2F127152-animism-0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ibanmalaysian-262">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ibanmalaysian_262-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ibanmalaysian_262-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ibanmalaysian_262-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ibanmalaysian_262-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ibanmalaysian_262-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn2006" class="citation book cs1">John, Postill (15 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-5_gtJQFin4C&pg=PA59">Media and Nation Building: How the Iban became Malaysian</a>. Berghahn Books. m/s. 58. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-85745-687-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-85745-687-8"><bdi>978-0-85745-687-8</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 13 November 2015. <q>because of his strong defence of English as the language of instruction in Sarawak ... (page 58)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Media+and+Nation+Building%3A+How+the+Iban+became+Malaysian&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2006-05-15&rft.isbn=978-0-85745-687-8&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=Postill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-5_gtJQFin4C%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711152042/http://education.bernama.com/index.php?sid=news_content&id=371208">"Former Education Minister Calls For Return To Teaching Maths, Science In BM"</a>. Bernama. 12 November 2011. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.bernama.com/index.php?sid=news_content&id=371208">yang asal</a> pada 11 July 2011. Dicapai pada 13 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Former+Education+Minister+Calls+For+Return+To+Teaching+Maths%2C+Science+In+BM&rft.date=2011-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.bernama.com%2Findex.php%3Fsid%3Dnews_content%26id%3D371208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFFernandez2015" class="citation news cs1">Fernandez, Joe (26 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112235855/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/11/26/dap-english-remains-sarawaks-official-language">"DAP: English remains Sarawak's official language"</a>. Free Malaysia Today. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/11/26/dap-english-remains-sarawaks-official-language/">yang asal</a> pada 12 January 2016. Dicapai pada 20 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=DAP%3A+English+remains+Sarawak%E2%80%99s+official+language&rft.date=2015-11-26&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemalaysiatoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fnation%2F2015%2F11%2F26%2Fdap-english-remains-sarawaks-official-language%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFSulok2012" class="citation news cs1">Sulok, Tawie (20 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113112711/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/299416">"Usage of English, native languages officially still legal in Sarawak"</a>. The Sun Daily. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/news/299416">yang asal</a> pada 13 November 2015. Dicapai pada 13 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Usage+of+English%2C+native+languages+officially+still+legal+in+Sarawak&rft.date=2012-02-20&rft.aulast=Sulok&rft.aufirst=Tawie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnews%2F299416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120214041818/http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=2849">"My Constitution – Sabah and Sarawak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Badan_Peguam_Malaysia" title="Badan Peguam Malaysia">Malaysian Bar</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=2849">yang asal</a> pada 14 February 2012. Dicapai pada 13 November 2015. <q>English was the official language of the State Legislative Assemblies and Courts in Sabah and Sarawak on Malaysia Day, 16 September 1963. Any change of the official language to Bahasa Melayu can only become effective when the State Legislative Assembly of Sabah or Sarawak agrees to adopt federal laws that make Bahasa Melayu the official language.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+Constitution+%E2%80%93+Sabah+and+Sarawak&rft.pub=Malaysian+Bar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysianbar.org.my%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_docman%26task%3Ddoc_download%26gid%3D2849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFOgilvy2015" class="citation news cs1">Ogilvy, Geryl (18 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305082141/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/11/18/sarawak-to-recognise-english-as-official-language-besides-bahasa-malaysia/">"Sarawak to recognise English as official language besides Bahasa Malaysia"</a>. The Borneo Post. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/11/18/sarawak-to-recognise-english-as-official-language-besides-bahasa-malaysia/">yang asal</a> pada 5 March 2016. Dicapai pada 2 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sarawak+to+recognise+English+as+official+language+besides+Bahasa+Malaysia&rft.date=2015-11-18&rft.aulast=Ogilvy&rft.aufirst=Geryl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F11%2F18%2Fsarawak-to-recognise-english-as-official-language-besides-bahasa-malaysia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113120315/http://www.theborneopost.com/2010/12/23/sarawak-a-land-of-many-tongues/">"Sarawak, a land of many tongues"</a>. The Borneo Post. 23 December 2010. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2010/12/23/sarawak-a-land-of-many-tongues/">yang asal</a> pada 13 November 2015. Dicapai pada 7 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sarawak%2C+a+land+of+many+tongues&rft.date=2010-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2010%2F12%2F23%2Fsarawak-a-land-of-many-tongues%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFMetom2013" class="citation book cs1">Metom, Lily (31 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cX3XAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22">Emotion Concepts of the Ibans in Sarawak</a>. Patridge Singapore. m/s. 22. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4828-9731-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4828-9731-9"><bdi>978-1-4828-9731-9</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 12 January 2016. <q>Nevertheless, all these ancient customs pertaining to headhunting are no longer observed in these modern days.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emotion+Concepts+of+the+Ibans+in+Sarawak&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Patridge+Singapore&rft.date=2013-01-31&rft.isbn=978-1-4828-9731-9&rft.aulast=Metom&rft.aufirst=Lily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcX3XAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFPlatzdaschSaravanamuttu2014" class="citation book cs1">Platzdasch, Bernhard; Saravanamuttu, Johan (6 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ThpBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA383">Religious Diversity in Muslim-majority States in Southeast Asia: Areas of Toleration and Conflict</a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS). m/s. 383. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-981-4519-64-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-981-4519-64-9"><bdi>978-981-4519-64-9</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 26 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Diversity+in+Muslim-majority+States+in+Southeast+Asia%3A+Areas+of+Toleration+and+Conflict&rft.pages=383&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies+%28ISEAS%29&rft.date=2014-08-06&rft.isbn=978-981-4519-64-9&rft.aulast=Platzdasch&rft.aufirst=Bernhard&rft.au=Saravanamuttu%2C+Johan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ThpBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFKaur2007" class="citation news cs1">Kaur, Jeswan (16 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151226090855/http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2007/12/16/penan_slowly_abandoning_their_nomadic_way_of_life">"Penan slowly abandoning their nomadic way of life"</a>. The Brunei Times. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2007/12/16/penan_slowly_abandoning_their_nomadic_way_of_life">yang asal</a> pada 26 December 2015. Dicapai pada 26 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Penan+slowly+abandoning+their+nomadic+way+of+life&rft.date=2007-12-16&rft.aulast=Kaur&rft.aufirst=Jeswan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bt.com.bn%2Flife%2F2007%2F12%2F16%2Fpenan_slowly_abandoning_their_nomadic_way_of_life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151226091139/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/03/01/equal-treatment-for-penan-community/">"'Equal treatment for Penan community'"</a>. The Borneo Post. 1 March 2014. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/03/01/equal-treatment-for-penan-community/">yang asal</a> pada 26 December 2015. Dicapai pada 26 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Equal+treatment+for+Penan+community%27&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2014%2F03%2F01%2Fequal-treatment-for-penan-community%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFSwitow2005" class="citation news cs1">Switow, Michael (9 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930105909/http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0209/p13s02-lifp.html">"Interracial marriage blossoms in Malaysia"</a>. The Christian Science Monitor. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0209/p13s02-lifp.html">yang asal</a> pada 30 September 2015. Dicapai pada 12 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Interracial+marriage+blossoms+in+Malaysia&rft.date=2005-02-09&rft.aulast=Switow&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2005%2F0209%2Fp13s02-lifp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oral_traditions-276"><a href="#cite_ref-Oral_traditions_276-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFPandianChing_LingAi_Lin2014" class="citation book cs1">Pandian, A; Ching Ling, L; Ai Lin, T (16 October 2014). "Chapter VII – Developing Literacy and Knowledge, Preservation skills among Remote Rural Children". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gzxQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA97">New Literacies: Reconstructing Language and Education</a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. m/s. 95–97. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4438-6956-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4438-6956-0"><bdi>978-1-4438-6956-0</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 1 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+VII+%E2%80%93+Developing+Literacy+and+Knowledge%2C+Preservation+skills+among+Remote+Rural+Children&rft.btitle=New+Literacies%3A+Reconstructing+Language+and+Education&rft.pages=95-97&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2014-10-16&rft.isbn=978-1-4438-6956-0&rft.aulast=Pandian&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Ching+Ling%2C+L&rft.au=Ai+Lin%2C+T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgzxQBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150425041224/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/budaya/6645-tarian-ngajat-identiti-istimewa-masyarakat-iban-.html">"Tarian Ngajat Identiti Istimewa Masyarakat Iban (Ngajat dances a special identity for the Ibans)"</a>. Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia (Malaysian Ministry of Information). Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/budaya/6645-tarian-ngajat-identiti-istimewa-masyarakat-iban-.html">yang asal</a> pada 25 April 2015. Dicapai pada 31 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tarian+Ngajat+Identiti+Istimewa+Masyarakat+Iban+%28Ngajat+dances+a+special+identity+for+the+Ibans%29&rft.pub=Jabatan+Penerangan+Malaysia+%28Malaysian+Ministry+of+Information%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpmr.penerangan.gov.my%2Findex.php%2Fbudaya%2F6645-tarian-ngajat-identiti-istimewa-masyarakat-iban-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFNieDurin" class="citation web cs1">Nie, C.L.K; Durin, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151231081606/http://ir.unimas.my/2557/">"Renong, An Iban Vocal Repertory (Conference paper)"</a>. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ir.unimas.my/2557/">yang asal</a> pada 31 December 2015. Dicapai pada 31 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Renong%2C+An+Iban+Vocal+Repertory+%28Conference+paper%29&rft.pub=Universiti+Malaysia+Sarawak&rft.aulast=Nie&rft.aufirst=C.L.K&rft.au=Durin%2C+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fir.unimas.my%2F2557%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2013" class="citation book cs1">MacDonald, M.R. (16 December 2013). "The tradition of storytelling in Malaysia". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IFNcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT208">Traditional Storytelling Today: An International Sourcebook</a>. Routledge. m/s. 208. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-135-91721-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-135-91721-0"><bdi>978-1-135-91721-0</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 1 January 2016. <q>The Kayan and the Kenyah, who dwell in the upper region of Sarawak, have a vibrant epic-telling tradition that is elaborate and specialised.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+tradition+of+storytelling+in+Malaysia&rft.btitle=Traditional+Storytelling+Today%3A+An+International+Sourcebook&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-12-16&rft.isbn=978-1-135-91721-0&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=M.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIFNcAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFLaw2013" class="citation news cs1">Law, Daryll (14 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151231053701/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/13258/Preserve-traditional-culture-for-prosperity-Ibans-urged/">"Preserve traditional culture for prosperity, Iban's urged"</a>. New Sarawak Tribune. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/13258/Preserve-traditional-culture-for-prosperity-Ibans-urged/">yang asal</a> pada 31 December 2015. Dicapai pada 31 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Preserve+traditional+culture+for+prosperity%2C+Iban%27s+urged&rft.date=2013-10-14&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=Daryll&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsarawaktribune.com%2Fnews%2F13258%2FPreserve-traditional-culture-for-prosperity-Ibans-urged%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150509202403/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/31/sarawak-gazette-now-available-online">"Sarawak Gazette now available online"</a>. The Borneo Post. 31 July 2013. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/31/sarawak-gazette-now-available-online/">yang asal</a> pada 9 May 2015. Dicapai pada 5 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sarawak+Gazette+now+available+online&rft.date=2013-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2013%2F07%2F31%2Fsarawak-gazette-now-available-online%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker2005" class="citation journal cs1">Walker, J.H (13 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=293102">"Hikayat Panglima Nikosa and the Sarawak Gazette: Transforming Texts in Nineteenth Century Sarawak"</a>. Modern Asian Studies. 39 (2): 427. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0026749X04001507">10.1017/S0026749X04001507</a>. Dicapai pada 13 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Hikayat+Panglima+Nikosa+and+the+Sarawak+Gazette%3A+Transforming+Texts+in+Nineteenth+Century+Sarawak&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=427&rft.date=2005-04-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0026749X04001507&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J.H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%2Faction%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26aid%3D293102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCVMain-287"><a href="#cite_ref-SCVMain_287-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207151953/http://www.scv.com.my/main.asp">"Explore Sarawak in Half a Day"</a>. Sarawak Cultural Village. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scv.com.my/main.asp">yang asal</a> pada 7 December 2015. Dicapai pada 26 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explore+Sarawak+in+Half+a+Day&rft.pub=Sarawak+Cultural+Village&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scv.com.my%2Fmain.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151226093807/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/sarawak-cultural-village-svc/">"Sarawak Cultural Village"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/sarawak-cultural-village-svc/">yang asal</a> pada 26 December 2015. Dicapai pada 26 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+Cultural+Village&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsarawaktourism.com%2Fattraction%2Fsarawak-cultural-village-svc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151005012910/http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/malaysia/malaysian-borneos-muzium-sarawak-colonial-legacy-p">"Malaysian Borneo's Muzium Sarawak: A Colonial Legacy in Postcolonial Context"</a>. Cultural Survival. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/malaysia/malaysian-borneos-muzium-sarawak-colonial-legacy-p">yang asal</a> pada 5 October 2015. Dicapai pada 26 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysian+Borneo%27s+Muzium+Sarawak%3A+A+Colonial+Legacy+in+Postcolonial+Context&rft.pub=Cultural+Survival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalsurvival.org%2Fpublications%2Fcultural-survival-quarterly%2Fmalaysia%2Fmalaysian-borneos-muzium-sarawak-colonial-legacy-p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFRinggit2015" class="citation news cs1">Ringgit, Danielle Sendou (26 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151231005116/http://seeds.theborneopost.com/2015/08/26/from-dreams-into-the-mainstream/">"From dreams into the mainstream"</a>. The Borneo Post. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seeds.theborneopost.com/2015/08/26/from-dreams-into-the-mainstream/">yang asal</a> pada 31 December 2015. Dicapai pada 31 December 2015. <q>Aside from that, the late Tusau Padan performed for Queen Elizabeth during her official visit to Sarawak in 1972, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=From+dreams+into+the+mainstream&rft.date=2015-08-26&rft.aulast=Ringgit&rft.aufirst=Danielle+Sendou&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseeds.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F08%2F26%2Ffrom-dreams-into-the-mainstream%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173458/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/198/276/">"Public Holidays 2015"</a>. The Sarawak Government. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/198/276/">yang asal</a> pada 7 September 2015. Dicapai pada 7 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Holidays+2015&rft.pub=The+Sarawak+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawak.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fhome%2Farticle_view%2F198%2F276%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150811061745/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/23/tyt-cm-attend-states-52nd-anniversary-of-independence/">"TYT, CM attend state's 52nd anniversary of independence"</a>. The Borneo Post. 23 July 2015. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/23/tyt-cm-attend-states-52nd-anniversary-of-independence/">yang asal</a> pada 11 August 2015. Dicapai pada 7 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=TYT%2C+CM+attend+state%27s+52nd+anniversary+of+independence&rft.date=2015-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F07%2F23%2Ftyt-cm-attend-states-52nd-anniversary-of-independence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFHunter" class="citation web cs1">Hunter, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150725120609/http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2013/07/27/sarawaks-independence-day/">"Sarawak's "Independence Day""</a>. New Mandala (Australian National University). Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2013/07/27/sarawaks-independence-day/">yang asal</a> pada 25 July 2015. Dicapai pada 7 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak%27s+%22Independence+Day%22&rft.pub=New+Mandala+%28Australian+National+University%29&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasiapacific.anu.edu.au%2Fnewmandala%2F2013%2F07%2F27%2Fsarawaks-independence-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/videos/2015/09/12/pomp-celebrations-for-sarawak-governors-birthday/">"Pomp celebrations for Sarawak Governor's birthday"</a>. The Star (Malaysia). 12 September 2015. Dicapai pada 8 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pomp+celebrations+for+Sarawak+Governor%27s+birthday&rft.date=2015-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fvideos%2F2015%2F09%2F12%2Fpomp-celebrations-for-sarawak-governors-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> Check <code class="cs1-code">|archiveurl=</code> value (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_url" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/15/cm-and-wife-to-have-hari-raya-open-house-at-bcck/">"CM and wife to have Hari Raya open house at BCCK"</a>. 15 July 2015. 15 July 2015. Dicapai pada 7 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CM+and+wife+to+have+Hari+Raya+open+house+at+BCCK&rft.date=2015-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F07%2F15%2Fcm-and-wife-to-have-hari-raya-open-house-at-bcck%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> Check <code class="cs1-code">|archiveurl=</code> value (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_url" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>) • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFAubrey2015" class="citation news cs1">Aubrey, S (9 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108003304/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/09/1000-throng-manyins-gawai-dayak-open-house/">"1,000 throng Manyin's Gawai Dayak open house"</a>. The Borneo Post. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/09/1000-throng-manyins-gawai-dayak-open-house/">yang asal</a> pada 8 January 2016. Dicapai pada 8 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1%2C000+throng+Manyin%27s+Gawai+Dayak+open+house&rft.date=2015-06-09&rft.aulast=Aubrey&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F06%2F09%2F1000-throng-manyins-gawai-dayak-open-house%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151216194917/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/03/09/kts-holds-chinese-new-year-open-house-in-bintulu/">"KTS holds Chinese New Year Open House in Bintulu"</a>. The Borneo Post. 9 March 2015. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/03/09/kts-holds-chinese-new-year-open-house-in-bintulu/">yang asal</a> pada 16 December 2015. Dicapai pada 8 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=KTS+holds+Chinese+New+Year+Open+House+in+Bintulu&rft.date=2015-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F03%2F09%2Fkts-holds-chinese-new-year-open-house-in-bintulu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108003956/http://www.mkm.edu.my/index.php/en/news-announcement-archive/2-uncategorised/862-cuti-umum-sempena-perayaan-hari-gawai-dayak-negeri-sarawak">"Public Holiday in Sarawak in conjunctions with the Gawai Dayak Celebration"</a>. Co-operative College in Malaysia. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mkm.edu.my/index.php/en/news-announcement-archive/2-uncategorised/862-cuti-umum-sempena-perayaan-hari-gawai-dayak-negeri-sarawak">yang asal</a> pada 8 January 2016. Dicapai pada 8 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Holiday+in+Sarawak+in+conjunctions+with+the+Gawai+Dayak+Celebration&rft.pub=Co-operative+College+in+Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mkm.edu.my%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fnews-announcement-archive%2F2-uncategorised%2F862-cuti-umum-sempena-perayaan-hari-gawai-dayak-negeri-sarawak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150808212857/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/food/article/best-sarawak-laksa-in-kuching">"Best Sarawak Laksa in Kuching"</a>. The Malaysian Insider. 29 April 2015. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/food/article/best-sarawak-laksa-in-kuching">yang asal</a> pada 8 August 2015. Dicapai pada 3 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Best+Sarawak+Laksa+in+Kuching&rft.date=2015-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Ffood%2Farticle%2Fbest-sarawak-laksa-in-kuching&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309141249/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/food/article/kolo-mee-a-sarawak-favourite-any-time-of-day">"Kolo mee, a Sarawak favourite, any time of day"</a>. The Malaysian Insider. 14 September 2013. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/food/article/kolo-mee-a-sarawak-favourite-any-time-of-day">yang asal</a> pada 9 March 2014. Dicapai pada 3 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kolo+mee%2C+a+Sarawak+favourite%2C+any+time+of+day&rft.date=2013-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Ffood%2Farticle%2Fkolo-mee-a-sarawak-favourite-any-time-of-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701010809/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/eat-drink/article/ayam-pansuh-a-sarawak-exotic-delicacy-loved-by-many-video">"'Ayam pansuh' — A Sarawak exotic delicacy loved by many (VIDEO)"</a>. The Malay Mail. 28 June 2015. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaymailonline.com/eat-drink/article/ayam-pansuh-a-sarawak-exotic-delicacy-loved-by-many-video">yang asal</a> pada 1 July 2015. Dicapai pada 3 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Ayam+pansuh%27+%E2%80%94+A+Sarawak+exotic+delicacy+loved+by+many+%28VIDEO%29&rft.date=2015-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaymailonline.com%2Feat-drink%2Farticle%2Fayam-pansuh-a-sarawak-exotic-delicacy-loved-by-many-video&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715180712/http://blog.sarawaktourism.com/2012/08/sarawak-top-10-iconic-food.html">"Sarawak Top 10 Iconic Food"</a>. Sarawak Tourism Board. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.sarawaktourism.com/2012/08/sarawak-top-10-iconic-food.html">yang asal</a> pada 15 July 2015. Dicapai pada 3 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+Top+10+Iconic+Food&rft.pub=Sarawak+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.sarawaktourism.com%2F2012%2F08%2Fsarawak-top-10-iconic-food.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-biz/2015/03/24/baking-takes-the-cake-singer-deja-moss-real-passion-is-sarawak-layered-cakes/">"Singer Deja Moss' real passion is Sarawak layered cakes"</a>. The Star (Malaysia). 24 March 2015. Dicapai pada 3 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Singer+Deja+Moss%27+real+passion+is+Sarawak+layered+cakes&rft.date=2015-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fmetro%2Fmetro-biz%2F2015%2F03%2F24%2Fbaking-takes-the-cake-singer-deja-moss-real-passion-is-sarawak-layered-cakes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/FormerCommonwealthCountriesSarawak">"Commonwealth Games Federation – Countries – Sarawak"</a>. Commonwealth Games Federation. Dicapai pada 11 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commonwealth+Games+Federation+%E2%80%93+Countries+%E2%80%93+Sarawak&rft.pub=Commonwealth+Games+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FFormerCommonwealthCountriesSarawak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19620905-1.2.129.4.aspx">"Japan top the list with 73 'golds'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a>. 5 September 1962. Dicapai pada 11 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Japan+top+the+list+with+73+%27golds%27&rft.date=1962-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fstraitstimes19620905-1.2.129.4.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101050016/http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GameParticular.aspx?SYCXGjC0df%2BJ2ChZBk5tvA=%3D">"Jakarta 1962"</a>. Olympic Council of Asia. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GameParticular.aspx?SYCXGjC0df+J2ChZBk5tvA==">yang asal</a> pada 1 January 2016. Dicapai pada 11 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jakarta+1962&rft.pub=Olympic+Council+of+Asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocasia.org%2FGame%2FGameParticular.aspx%3FSYCXGjC0df%2BJ2ChZBk5tvA%3D%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111074735/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/09/04/swak-to-host-sukma-in-2016-khairy/">"S'wak to host Sukma in 2016 — Khairy"</a>. The Borneo Post. 4 September 2013. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/09/04/swak-to-host-sukma-in-2016-khairy/">yang asal</a> pada 11 January 2016. Dicapai pada 11 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=S%27wak+to+host+Sukma+in+2016+%E2%80%94+Khairy&rft.date=2013-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2013%2F09%2F04%2Fswak-to-host-sukma-in-2016-khairy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFPail2015" class="citation news cs1">Pail, Salena (22 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111075335/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/10/22/cm-revs-up-momentum-for-2016-swak-sukma/">"CM revs up momentum for 2016 S'wak Sukma"</a>. The Borneo Post. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/10/22/cm-revs-up-momentum-for-2016-swak-sukma/">yang asal</a> pada 11 January 2016. Dicapai pada 11 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CM+revs+up+momentum+for+2016+S%27wak+Sukma&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.aulast=Pail&rft.aufirst=Salena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F10%2F22%2Fcm-revs-up-momentum-for-2016-swak-sukma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFBong2014" class="citation news cs1">Bong, Karen (14 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150731154127/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/12/14/major-boost-for-paralympic-athletes/">"Major boost for paralympic athletes"</a>. The Borneo Post. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/12/14/major-boost-for-paralympic-athletes/">yang asal</a> pada 31 July 2015. Dicapai pada 11 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Major+boost+for+paralympic+athletes&rft.date=2014-12-14&rft.aulast=Bong&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2014%2F12%2F14%2Fmajor-boost-for-paralympic-athletes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASarawak" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sarawak" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Sarawak">Sarawak</a>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/File:Agreement_Relating_to_Malaysia_between_UK,_N._Borneo,_Sarawak_and_Singapore.djvu" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/File:Agreement Relating to Malaysia between UK, N. Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore.djvu">Perjanjian yang berkaitan dengan Malaysia antara Inggeris, N. Borneo, Sarawak dan Singapura</a>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakreport.org/">Pelaporan Sarawak</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dromoz.com/directory/maps/?epid=18460">Koleksi peta-peta Sarawak</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawak.gov.my/">portal kerajaan Sarawak.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mysarawak.org/">Berita Sarawak.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakfriend.com/">Kawan Online Sarawak.</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="40px&#124;Bendera_Sarawak_Sarawak_Bumi_Kenyalang_35px&#124;Lambang_Sarawak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6453376">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Sarawak" title="Templat:Sarawak"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";background:lightsteelblue;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Sarawak" title="Perbincangan templat:Sarawak"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";background:lightsteelblue;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Sarawak&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";background:lightsteelblue;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="40px&#124;Bendera_Sarawak_Sarawak_Bumi_Kenyalang_35px&#124;Lambang_Sarawak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flag_of_Sarawak.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Sarawak"><img alt="Bendera Sarawak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/80px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang</a> <a href="/wiki/Fail:Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambang Sarawak"><img alt="Lambang Sarawak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg/35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg/53px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sarawak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="384" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Ibu_negeri:_Kuching">Ibu negeri: <a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Sarawak" title="Sejarah Sarawak">Sejarah</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerajaan_Santubong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerajaan Santubong (laman tidak wujud)">Kerajaan Santubong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerajaan_Malano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerajaan Malano (laman tidak wujud)">Kerajaan Malano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empayar_Brunei" title="Empayar Brunei">Empayar Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Sarawak" title="Kesultanan Sarawak">Kesultanan Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Putih_Sarawak" title="Raja Putih Sarawak">Raja Putih Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendudukan_Jepun_di_British_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendudukan Jepun di British Borneo">Pendudukan Jepun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanah_Jajahan_Mahkota_Sarawak" title="Tanah Jajahan Mahkota Sarawak">Tanah Jajahan Mahkota Sarawak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak moden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bahagian pentadbiran</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_di_Malaysia" title="Bahagian di Malaysia">Bahagian</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Betong" title="Bahagian Betong">Betong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Bintulu" title="Bahagian Bintulu">Bintulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Kapit" title="Bahagian Kapit">Kapit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Kuching" title="Bahagian Kuching">Kuching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Limbang" title="Bahagian Limbang">Limbang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Miri" title="Bahagian Miri">Miri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Mukah" title="Bahagian Mukah">Mukah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Samarahan" title="Bahagian Samarahan">Samarahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Sarikei" title="Bahagian Sarikei">Sarikei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Serian" title="Bahagian Serian">Serian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Sibu" title="Bahagian Sibu">Sibu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahagian_Sri_Aman" title="Bahagian Sri Aman">Sri Aman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bandar_raya" title="Bandar raya">Bandar raya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miri" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri">Miri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Daerah" title="Daerah">Daerah</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Asajaya" title="Daerah Asajaya">Asajaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Bau" title="Daerah Bau">Bau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Belaga" title="Daerah Belaga">Belaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Beluru" title="Daerah Beluru">Beluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Betong" title="Daerah Betong">Betong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Bintulu" title="Daerah Bintulu">Bintulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Bukit_Mabong" title="Daerah Bukit Mabong">Bukit Mabong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Dalat" title="Daerah Dalat">Dalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Daro" title="Daerah Daro">Daro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Gedong" title="Daerah Gedong">Gedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Julau" title="Daerah Julau">Julau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kabong" title="Daerah Kabong">Kabong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kanowit" title="Daerah Kanowit">Kanowit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kapit" title="Daerah Kapit">Kapit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kuching" title="Daerah Kuching">Kuching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Lawas" title="Daerah Lawas">Lawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Limbang" title="Daerah Limbang">Limbang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Lingga" title="Daerah Lingga">Lingga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Lubok_Antu" title="Daerah Lubok Antu">Lubok Antu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Lundu" title="Daerah Lundu">Lundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Marudi" title="Daerah Marudi">Marudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Matu" title="Daerah Matu">Matu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Meradong" title="Daerah Meradong">Meradong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Miri" title="Daerah Miri">Miri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Mukah" title="Daerah Mukah">Mukah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Pantu" title="Daerah Pantu">Pantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Pakan" title="Daerah Pakan">Pakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Pusa" title="Daerah Pusa">Pusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Samarahan" title="Daerah Samarahan">Samarahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Saratok" title="Daerah Saratok">Saratok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Sarikei" title="Daerah Sarikei">Sarikei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Sebauh" title="Daerah Sebauh">Sebauh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Sebuyau" title="Daerah Sebuyau">Sebuyau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Selangau" title="Daerah Selangau">Selangau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Serian" title="Daerah Serian">Serian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Sibu" title="Daerah Sibu">Sibu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Siburan" title="Daerah Siburan">Siburan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Simunjan" title="Daerah Simunjan">Simunjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Song" title="Daerah Song">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Sri_Aman" title="Daerah Sri Aman">Sri Aman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Subis" title="Daerah Subis">Subis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Tanjung_Manis" title="Daerah Tanjung Manis">Tanjung Manis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Tatau" title="Daerah Tatau">Tatau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Tebedu" title="Daerah Tebedu">Tebedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Telang_Usan" title="Daerah Telang Usan">Telang Usan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Daerah kecil</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balingian" title="Balingian">Balingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bario" title="Bario">Bario</a></li> <li>Balai Ringin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kecil_Debak" title="Daerah Kecil Debak">Debak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engkilili" title="Engkilili">Engkilili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igan" class="mw-redirect" title="Igan">Igan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Bedian" title="Long Bedian">Long Bedian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Lama" title="Long Lama">Long Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maludam" title="Maludam">Maludam</a></li> <li>Mulu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kecil_Budu" title="Daerah Kecil Budu">Nanga Budu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kecil_Nanga_Medamit" title="Daerah Kecil Nanga Medamit">Nanga Medamit</a></li> <li>Nanga Merit</li> <li>Niah-Suai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kecil_Oya" title="Daerah Kecil Oya">Oya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kecil_Padawan" title="Daerah Kecil Padawan">Padawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kecil_Roban" title="Daerah Kecil Roban">Roban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kecil_Sadong_Jaya" title="Daerah Kecil Sadong Jaya">Sadong Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kecil_Sematan" title="Daerah Kecil Sematan">Sematan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaoh" title="Spaoh">Spaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kecil_Sundar" title="Daerah Kecil Sundar">Sundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Asap" title="Sungai Asap">Sungai Asap</a></li> <li>Tinjar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Kecil_Trusan" title="Daerah Kecil Trusan">Trusan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bahagian perundangan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">P - Parlimen N - Negeri</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sarawak&#124;link=Sarawak_Bahagian_pilihan_raya_di_Sarawak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6453376" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Bahagian_pilihan_raya_negeri_di_Sarawak" title="Templat:Bahagian pilihan raya negeri di Sarawak"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Bahagian_pilihan_raya_negeri_di_Sarawak" title="Perbincangan templat:Bahagian pilihan raya negeri di Sarawak"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Bahagian_pilihan_raya_negeri_di_Sarawak&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sarawak&#124;link=Sarawak_Bahagian_pilihan_raya_di_Sarawak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak"><img alt="Sarawak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_pilihan_raya_di_Malaysia#Sarawak" title="Kawasan pilihan raya di Malaysia">Bahagian pilihan raya</a> di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td style="padding:0px;padding-right:1em;;;;width:;"><div> P192 <a href="/wiki/Mas_Gading_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Mas Gading (kawasan persekutuan)">Mas Gading</a> N01 <a href="/wiki/Opar_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Opar (kawasan negeri)">Opar</a> N02 <a href="/wiki/Tasik_Biru_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Tasik Biru (kawasan negeri)">Tasik Biru</a> P193 <a href="/wiki/Santubong_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Santubong (kawasan persekutuan)">Santubong</a> N03 <a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Datu_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Tanjong Datu (kawasan negeri)">Tanjong Datu</a> N04 <a href="/wiki/Pantai_Damai_(kawasan_negeri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantai Damai (kawasan negeri)">Pantai Damai</a> N05 <a href="/wiki/Demak_Laut_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Demak Laut (kawasan negeri)">Demak Laut</a> P194 <a href="/wiki/Petra_Jaya_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Petra Jaya (kawasan persekutuan)">Petra Jaya</a> N06 <a href="/wiki/Tupong_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Tupong (kawasan negeri)">Tupong</a> N07 <a href="/wiki/Samariang_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Samariang (kawasan negeri)">Samariang</a> N08 <a href="/wiki/Satok_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Satok (kawasan negeri)">Satok</a> P195 <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Kuching_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Bandar Kuching (kawasan persekutuan)">Bandar Kuching</a> N09 <a href="/wiki/Padungan_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Padungan (kawasan negeri)">Padungan</a> N10 <a href="/wiki/Pending_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Pending (kawasan negeri)">Pending</a> N11 <a href="/wiki/Batu_Lintang_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Batu Lintang (kawasan negeri)">Batu Lintang</a> P196 <a href="/wiki/Stampin_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Stampin (kawasan persekutuan)">Stampin</a> N12 <a href="/wiki/Kota_Sentosa_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Kota Sentosa (kawasan negeri)">Kota Sentosa</a> N13 <a href="/wiki/Batu_Kitang_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Batu Kitang (kawasan negeri)">Batu Kitang</a> N14 <a href="/wiki/Batu_Kawah_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Batu Kawah (kawasan negeri)">Batu Kawah</a> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-right:1em;;;;width:;"><div> P197 <a href="/wiki/Kota_Samarahan_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Kota Samarahan (kawasan persekutuan)">Kota Samarahan</a> N15 <a href="/wiki/Asajaya_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Asajaya (kawasan negeri)">Asajaya</a> N16 <a href="/wiki/Muara_Tuang_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Muara Tuang (kawasan negeri)">Muara Tuang</a> N17 <a href="/wiki/Stakan_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Stakan (kawasan negeri)">Stakan</a> P198 <a href="/wiki/Puncak_Borneo_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Puncak Borneo (kawasan persekutuan)">Puncak Borneo</a> N18 <a href="/wiki/Serembu_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Serembu (kawasan negeri)">Serembu</a> N19 <a href="/wiki/Mambong_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Mambong (kawasan negeri)">Mambong</a> N20 <a href="/wiki/Tarat_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Tarat (kawasan negeri)">Tarat</a> P199 <a href="/wiki/Serian_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Serian (kawasan persekutuan)">Serian</a> N21 <a href="/wiki/Tebedu_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Tebedu (kawasan negeri)">Tebedu</a> N22 <a href="/wiki/Kedup_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Kedup (kawasan negeri)">Kedup</a> N23 <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Semuja_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Bukit Semuja (kawasan negeri)">Bukit Semuja</a> P200 <a href="/wiki/Batang_Sadong_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Batang Sadong (kawasan persekutuan)">Batang Sadong</a> N24 <a href="/wiki/Sadong_Jaya_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Sadong Jaya (kawasan negeri)">Sadong Jaya</a> N25 <a href="/wiki/Simunjan_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Simunjan (kawasan negeri)">Simunjan</a> N26 <a href="/wiki/Gedong_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Gedong (kawasan negeri)">Gedong</a> P201 <a href="/wiki/Batang_Lupar_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Batang Lupar (kawasan persekutuan)">Batang Lupar</a> N27 <a href="/wiki/Sebuyau_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Sebuyau (kawasan negeri)">Sebuyau</a> N28 <a href="/wiki/Lingga_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Lingga (kawasan negeri)">Lingga</a> N29 <a href="/wiki/Beting_Maro_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Beting Maro (kawasan negeri)">Beting Maro</a> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-right:1em;;;;width:;"><div> P202 <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aman_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Sri Aman (kawasan persekutuan)">Sri Aman</a> N30 <a href="/wiki/Balai_Ringin_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Balai Ringin (kawasan negeri)">Balai Ringin</a> N31 <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Begunan_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Bukit Begunan (kawasan negeri)">Bukit Begunan</a> N32 <a href="/wiki/Simanggang_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Simanggang (kawasan negeri)">Simanggang</a> P203 <a href="/wiki/Lubok_Antu_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Lubok Antu (kawasan persekutuan)">Lubok Antu</a> N33 <a href="/wiki/Engkilili_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Engkilili (kawasan negeri)">Engkilili</a> N34 <a href="/wiki/Batang_Ai_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Batang Ai (kawasan negeri)">Batang Ai</a> P204 <a href="/wiki/Betong_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Betong (kawasan persekutuan)">Betong</a> N35 <a href="/wiki/Saribas_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Saribas (kawasan negeri)">Saribas</a> N36 <a href="/wiki/Layar_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Layar (kawasan negeri)">Layar</a> N37 <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Saban_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Bukit Saban (kawasan negeri)">Bukit Saban</a> P205 <a href="/wiki/Saratok_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Saratok (kawasan persekutuan)">Saratok</a> N38 <a href="/wiki/Kalaka_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Kalaka (kawasan negeri)">Kalaka</a> N39 <a href="/wiki/Krian_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Krian (kawasan negeri)">Krian</a> N40 <a href="/wiki/Kabong_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Kabong (kawasan negeri)">Kabong</a> P206 <a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Manis_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Tanjong Manis (kawasan persekutuan)">Tanjong Manis</a> N41 <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Rajang_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Kuala Rajang (kawasan negeri)">Kuala Rajang</a> N42 <a href="/wiki/Semop_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Semop (kawasan negeri)">Semop</a> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-right:1em;;;;width:;"><div> P207 <a href="/wiki/Igan_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Igan (kawasan persekutuan)">Igan</a> N43 <a href="/wiki/Daro_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Daro (kawasan negeri)">Daro</a> N44 <a href="/wiki/Jemoreng_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Jemoreng (kawasan negeri)">Jemoreng</a> P208 <a href="/wiki/Sarikei_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Sarikei (kawasan persekutuan)">Sarikei</a> N45 <a href="/wiki/Repok_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Repok (kawasan negeri)">Repok</a> N46 <a href="/wiki/Meradong_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Meradong (kawasan negeri)">Meradong</a> P209 <a href="/wiki/Julau_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Julau (kawasan persekutuan)">Julau</a> N47 <a href="/wiki/Pakan_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Pakan (kawasan negeri)">Pakan</a> N48 <a href="/wiki/Meluan_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Meluan (kawasan negeri)">Meluan</a> P210 <a href="/wiki/Kanowit_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Kanowit (kawasan persekutuan)">Kanowit</a> N49 <a href="/wiki/Ngemah_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Ngemah (kawasan negeri)">Ngemah</a> N50 <a href="/wiki/Machan_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Machan (kawasan negeri)">Machan</a> P211 <a href="/wiki/Lanang_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Lanang (kawasan persekutuan)">Lanang</a> N51 <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Assek_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Bukit Assek (kawasan negeri)">Bukit Assek</a> N52 <a href="/wiki/Dudong_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Dudong (kawasan negeri)">Dudong</a> P212 <a href="/wiki/Sibu_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Sibu (kawasan persekutuan)">Sibu</a> N53 <a href="/wiki/Bawang_Assan_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Bawang Assan (kawasan negeri)">Bawang Assan</a> N54 <a href="/wiki/Pelawan_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Pelawan (kawasan negeri)">Pelawan</a> N55 <a href="/wiki/Nangka_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Nangka (kawasan negeri)">Nangka</a> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-right:1em;;;;width:;"><div> P213 <a href="/wiki/Mukah_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Mukah (kawasan persekutuan)">Mukah</a> N56 <a href="/wiki/Dalat_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Dalat (kawasan negeri)">Dalat</a> N57 <a href="/wiki/Tellian_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Tellian (kawasan negeri)">Tellian</a> N58 <a href="/wiki/Balingian_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Balingian (kawasan negeri)">Balingian</a> P214 <a href="/wiki/Selangau_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Selangau (kawasan persekutuan)">Selangau</a> N59 <a href="/wiki/Tamin_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Tamin (kawasan negeri)">Tamin</a> N60 <a href="/wiki/Kakus_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Kakus (kawasan negeri)">Kakus</a> P215 <a href="/wiki/Kapit_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Kapit (kawasan persekutuan)">Kapit</a> N61 <a href="/wiki/Pelagus_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Pelagus (kawasan negeri)">Pelagus</a> N62 <a href="/wiki/Katibas_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Katibas (kawasan negeri)">Katibas</a> N63 <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Goram_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Bukit Goram (kawasan negeri)">Bukit Goram</a> P216 <a href="/wiki/Hulu_Rajang_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Hulu Rajang (kawasan persekutuan)">Hulu Rajang</a> N64 <a href="/wiki/Baleh_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Baleh (kawasan negeri)">Baleh</a> N65 <a href="/wiki/Belaga_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Belaga (kawasan negeri)">Belaga</a> N66 <a href="/wiki/Murum_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Murum (kawasan negeri)">Murum</a> P217 <a href="/wiki/Bintulu_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Bintulu (kawasan persekutuan)">Bintulu</a> N67 <a href="/wiki/Jepak_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Jepak (kawasan negeri)">Jepak</a> N68 <a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Batu_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Tanjong Batu (kawasan negeri)">Tanjong Batu</a> N69 <a href="/wiki/Kemena_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Kemena (kawasan negeri)">Kemena</a> N70 <a href="/wiki/Samalaju_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Samalaju (kawasan negeri)">Samalaju</a> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-right:1em;;;;width:;"><div> P218 <a href="/wiki/Sibuti_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Sibuti (kawasan persekutuan)">Sibuti</a> N71 <a href="/wiki/Bekenu_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Bekenu (kawasan negeri)">Bekenu</a> N72 <a href="/wiki/Lambir_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Lambir (kawasan negeri)">Lambir</a> P219 <a href="/wiki/Miri_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Miri (kawasan persekutuan)">Miri</a> N73 <a href="/wiki/Piasau_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Piasau (kawasan negeri)">Piasau</a> N74 <a href="/wiki/Pujut_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Pujut (kawasan negeri)">Pujut</a> N75 <a href="/wiki/Senadin_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Senadin (kawasan negeri)">Senadin</a> P220 <a href="/wiki/Baram_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Baram (kawasan persekutuan)">Baram</a> N76 <a href="/wiki/Marudi_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Marudi (kawasan negeri)">Marudi</a> N77 <a href="/wiki/Telang_Usan_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Telang Usan (kawasan negeri)">Telang Usan</a> N78 <a href="/wiki/Mulu_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Mulu (kawasan negeri)">Mulu</a> P221 <a href="/wiki/Limbang_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Limbang (kawasan persekutuan)">Limbang</a> N79 <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Kota_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Bukit Kota (kawasan negeri)">Bukit Kota</a> N80 <a href="/wiki/Batu_Danau_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Batu Danau (kawasan negeri)">Batu Danau</a> P222 <a href="/wiki/Lawas_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Lawas (kawasan persekutuan)">Lawas</a> N81 <a href="/wiki/Ba%27kelalan_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Ba'kelalan (kawasan negeri)">Ba'kelalan</a> N82 <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Sari_(kawasan_negeri)" title="Bukit Sari (kawasan negeri)">Bukit Sari</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Lihat juga: <a href="/wiki/Senarai_bekas_daerah_mengundi_negeri_di_Malaysia" title="Senarai bekas daerah mengundi negeri di Malaysia">Senarai bekas daerah mengundi negeri di Malaysia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_di_Malaysia" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri di Malaysia"> DUN</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak">Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dewan Bandaraya</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Bandaraya_Kuching_Utara" title="Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara">Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Majlis_Bandaraya_Kuching_Selatan" title="Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan">Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Majlis_Bandaraya_Miri" title="Majlis Bandaraya Miri">Majlis Bandaraya Miri</a> •</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Majlis Perbandaran</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Majlis_Perbandaran_Padawan" title="Majlis Perbandaran Padawan">Majlis Perbandaran Padawan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Majlis_Perbandaran_Sibu" title="Majlis Perbandaran Sibu">Majlis Perbandaran Sibu</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Perbandaran_Kota_Samarahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Perbandaran Kota Samarahan (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Perbandaran Kota Samarahan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lembaga_Kemajuan_Bintulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembaga Kemajuan Bintulu">Lembaga Kemajuan Bintulu</a> •</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Majlis Daerah</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Majlis_Daerah_Bau" title="Majlis Daerah Bau">Majlis Daerah Bau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Majlis_Daerah_Betong" title="Majlis Daerah Betong">Majlis Daerah Betong</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Dalat_dan_Mukah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Dalat dan Mukah (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Dalat dan Mukah</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Kanowit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Kanowit (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Kanowit</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Kapit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Kapit (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Kapit</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Lawas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Lawas (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Lawas</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Limbang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Limbang (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Limbang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Majlis_Daerah_Luar_Bandar_Sibu" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis Daerah Luar Bandar Sibu">Majlis Daerah Luar Bandar Sibu</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Lubok_Antu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Lubok Antu (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Lubok Antu</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Lundu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Lundu (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Lundu</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Maradong_dan_Julau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Maradong dan Julau (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Maradong dan Julau</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Marudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Marudi (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Marudi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Matu_dan_Daro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Matu dan Daro (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Matu dan Daro</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Saratok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Saratok (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Saratok</a> • <a href="/wiki/Majlis_Daerah_Sarikei" title="Majlis Daerah Sarikei">Majlis Daerah Sarikei</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Serian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Serian (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Serian</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Simunjan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Simunjan (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Simunjan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Majlis_Daerah_Sri_Aman" title="Majlis Daerah Sri Aman">Majlis Daerah Sri Aman</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Daerah_Subis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Daerah Subis (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Daerah Subis</a> •</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="40px&#124;Bendera_Malaysia_Negeri_dan_Wilayah_Persekutuan_di_Malaysia_40px&#124;Lambang_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:lightsteelblue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6453376" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Negeri_dan_Wilayah_Persekutuan_Malaysia" title="Templat:Negeri dan Wilayah Persekutuan Malaysia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";background:lightsteelblue;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Negeri_dan_Wilayah_Persekutuan_Malaysia" title="Perbincangan templat:Negeri dan Wilayah Persekutuan Malaysia"><abbr title="Bincang templat 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/25px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/38px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/50px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/25px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/38px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/50px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/25px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/38px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/50px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Melaka" title="Melaka">Melaka</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/25px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/38px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/50px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/25px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/38px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/50px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/25px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/38px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/50px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/25px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/38px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/50px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Pinang" title="Pulau Pinang">Pulau Pinang</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/25px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/38px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/50px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/25px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/38px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/50px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Fail:Malaysia_location_map_with_districts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Malaysia_location_map_with_districts.svg/100px-Malaysia_location_map_with_districts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Malaysia_location_map_with_districts.svg/150px-Malaysia_location_map_with_districts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Malaysia_location_map_with_districts.svg/200px-Malaysia_location_map_with_districts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="457" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;">Wilayah</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/25px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/38px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/50px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/25px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/38px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/50px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak</a> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;"><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Persekutuan" title="Wilayah Persekutuan">Wilayah Persekutuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Labuan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Labuan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Labuan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Labuan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Putrajaya.svg/25px-Flag_of_Putrajaya.svg.png" decoding="async" 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portal"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Senarai" title="Portal:Senarai">Portal</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/25px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/P_geography1.png/40px-P_geography1.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/P_geography1.png/60px-P_geography1.png 1.5x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="295" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geografi" title="Portal:Geografi">Geografi</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/27px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/41px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/54px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Sarawak" title="Portal:Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li></ul></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170462#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170462#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kawalan_kewibawaan" title="Bantuan:Kawalan kewibawaan">Kawalan kewibawaan</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170462#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengecam_Nama_Piawaian_Antarabangsa" title="Pengecam Nama Piawaian Antarabangsa">ISNI</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000106740286">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fail_Kewibawaan_Antarabangsa_Maya" title="Fail Kewibawaan Antarabangsa Maya">VIAF</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155354442">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/155354442">WorldCat (melalui VIAF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan negara</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX457149">Sepanyol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11883336w">Perancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11883336w">(data)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514354106706">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4051682-9">Jerman</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559833205171">Israel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2014031833">Amerika Syarikat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01051408">Jepun</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35475807">Australia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/164761">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pangkalan data saintifik</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05382662?l=en">CiNii (Jepun)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1225795/">Aplikasi Berfaset Terminologi Subjek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/05fa380d-3ced-4ff7-a005-ff2e7f4d05b0">(kawasan)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10036739">Arkib Negara (A.S.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_Pendokumenan_Universiti" title="Sistem Pendokumenan Universiti">SUDOC (Perancis)</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026620952">1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarawak&oldid=6491883">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarawak&oldid=6491883</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Semua_rencana_yang_mengandungi_kenyataan_yang_mungkin_lapuk_dari_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Semua rencana yang mengandungi kenyataan yang mungkin lapuk dari 2014 (laman tidak wujud)">Semua rencana yang mengandungi kenyataan yang mungkin lapuk dari 2014</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Semua_rencana_yang_mengandungi_kenyataan_yang_mungkin_lapuk_dari_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Semua rencana yang mengandungi kenyataan yang mungkin lapuk dari 2011 (laman tidak wujud)">Semua rencana yang mengandungi kenyataan yang mungkin lapuk dari 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_kawasan_MusicBrainz" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan kawasan MusicBrainz">Rencana dengan pengenalan kawasan MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sarawak" title="Kategori:Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Negeri_dan_wilayah_persekutuan_di_Malaysia" title="Kategori:Negeri dan wilayah persekutuan di Malaysia">Negeri dan wilayah persekutuan di Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Negara_dan_wilayah_berbahasa_Inggeris" title="Kategori:Negara dan wilayah berbahasa Inggeris">Negara dan wilayah berbahasa Inggeris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Asia_Tenggara_Maritim" title="Kategori:Asia Tenggara Maritim">Asia Tenggara Maritim</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Laman_dengan_argumen_formatnum_bukan_angka" title="Kategori:Laman dengan argumen formatnum bukan angka">Laman dengan argumen formatnum bukan angka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_URL" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: URL">CS1 errors: URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_empty_unknown_parameters" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters">CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters</a></li><li><a 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