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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transformation_into_Islamic_political_party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transformation_into_Islamic_political_party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Transformation into Islamic political party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transformation_into_Islamic_political_party-sublist" 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id="toc-Leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="نهضة العلماء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نهضة العلماء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="নাহদলাতুল উলামা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাহদলাতুল উলামা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Nahdlatul Ulama – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Nahdlatul Ulama" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Nahdlatul Ulama – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nahdlatul Ulama" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B6%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7" title="نهضت العلما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نهضت العلما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Nahdlatul Ulama – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nahdlatul Ulama" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Nahdlatul Ulama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nahdlatul Ulama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Nahdlatul Ulama – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nahdlatul Ulama" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Nahdlatul Ulama – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nahdlatul Ulama" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Nahdlatul Ulama – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Nahdlatul Ulama" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Nahdlatul Ulama – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nahdlatul Ulama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Nahdlatul Ulama – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Nahdlatul Ulama" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Nahdlatul Ulama – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nahdlatul Ulama" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%95%E3%83%80%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC" title="ナフダトゥル・ウラマー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナフダトゥル・ウラマー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%81%D8%B6%DB%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="نہضۃ العلماء – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نہضۃ العلماء" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahdatul_Ulama" title="Nahdatul Ulama – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nahdatul Ulama" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Нахдатул Улама – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нахдатул Улама" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0" title="นะฮ์ฎะตุล อุละมะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นะฮ์ฎะตุล อุละมะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Нахдатул Улама – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нахдатул Улама" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%81%D8%B6%DB%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="نہضۃ العلماء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نہضۃ العلماء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A" title="伊斯兰教士联合会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊斯兰教士联合会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q686441#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sunni Islam movement in Indonesia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Nadwatul_Ulama" title="Nadwatul Ulama">Nadwatul Ulama</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Nahdlatul 'Ulama</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="ar">نهضة العلماء</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nahdlatul_Ulama_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nahdlatul_Ulama_Logo.svg/220px-Nahdlatul_Ulama_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nahdlatul_Ulama_Logo.svg/330px-Nahdlatul_Ulama_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nahdlatul_Ulama_Logo.svg/440px-Nahdlatul_Ulama_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="973" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The official emblem of the Nahdlatul Ulama as of the 33rd National Congress in 2015</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">31 January 1926</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Socio-religious organization</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Jl. Kramat Raya no. 164, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership </div></th><td class="infobox-data">40 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Head of Supreme Council</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miftachul_Achyar" title="Miftachul Achyar">Miftachul Achyar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chairman</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Cholil_Staquf" title="Yahya Cholil Staquf">Yahya Cholil Staquf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary-general</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saifullah_Yusuf" title="Saifullah Yusuf">Saifullah Yusuf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(Islam_in_Indonesia)" title="Traditionalism (Islam in Indonesia)">Islamic Traditionalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nu.or.id/">www<wbr />.nu<wbr />.or<wbr />.id</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nahdlatul Ulama</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Indonesian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="id-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">[nahˈdatʊl<span class="wrap"> </span>ʊˈlama]</a></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Revival of the <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Ulama</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, <b>NU</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Islamic organization in Indonesia</a>. Its membership numbered over 40 million in 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the largest Islamic organization in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NU is also a charitable body funding schools and hospitals as well as organizing communities to help alleviate poverty. </p><p>The NU was founded in 1926 by the <i><a href="/wiki/Ulema" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulema">ulema</a></i> and merchants to defend both <a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(Islam_in_Indonesia)" title="Traditionalism (Islam in Indonesia)">traditionalist Islamic practices</a> (in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'i school</a>) and its members' economic interests.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NU's religious views are considered "traditionalist" in that it accepts local cultural traditions that do not conflict with Islamic law (in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalist</a> groups).<sup id="cite_ref-traditionalist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-traditionalist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By contrast, the second largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, the <a href="/wiki/Muhammadiyah" title="Muhammadiyah">Muhammadiyah</a>, is considered "reformist" as it takes a more literal interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-traditionalist_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-traditionalist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some leaders of Nahdlatul Ulama are ardent advocates of <a href="/wiki/Islam_Nusantara" title="Islam Nusantara">Islam Nusantara</a>, a distinctive variety of Islam that has undergone interaction, contextualization, indigenization, interpretation, and vernacularization according to <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian culture">socio-cultural</a> conditions in Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-NU-Islam_Nusantara_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NU-Islam_Nusantara-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islam Nusantara promotes <a href="/wiki/Moderate_Muslim" title="Moderate Muslim">moderation</a>, anti-<a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">fundamentalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(philosophy)" title="Pluralism (philosophy)">pluralism</a>, and a degree of <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IAIN_Madura-Syncretism_of_Slametan_Tradition_As_a_Pillar_of_Islam_Nusantara_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAIN_Madura-Syncretism_of_Slametan_Tradition_As_a_Pillar_of_Islam_Nusantara-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many NU elders, leaders, and religious scholars, however, have rejected Islam Nusantara in favor of a more conservative approach.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahdlatul_Ulama&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ash%27ari" title="Category:Ash'ari">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Guiding_Creed_by_Ibn_Tumart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/The_Guiding_Creed_by_Ibn_Tumart.jpg/260px-The_Guiding_Creed_by_Ibn_Tumart.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/The_Guiding_Creed_by_Ibn_Tumart.jpg/390px-The_Guiding_Creed_by_Ibn_Tumart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/The_Guiding_Creed_by_Ibn_Tumart.jpg/520px-The_Guiding_Creed_by_Ibn_Tumart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><small>Rock carved with <i><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:العقيدة المرشدة">al-'Aqida al-Murshida</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tumart" title="Ibn Tumart">Ibn Tumart</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> Background</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kullab" title="Ibn Kullab">Kullabiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0F8FF; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ash%27aris" title="List of Ash'aris">Eminent scholars</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="background: #fdfdfd; width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">3rd AH/9th AD</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari</a> <small>(d. 324/936)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khafif" title="Ibn Khafif">Ibn Khafif</a> <small>(d. 371/982)</small><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">4th AH/10th AD</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqillani" title="Al-Baqillani">Al-Baqillani</a> <small>(d. 403/1013)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Ibn Furak</a> <small>(d. 406/1015)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Isfarayini" title="Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini">Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini</a> <small>(d. 418/1027)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Qahir_al-Baghdadi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi">'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi</a> <small>(d. 429/1037)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_%27Imran_al-Fasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu 'Imran al-Fasi">Abu 'Imran al-Fasi</a> <small>(d. 430/1038-9)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dharr_al-Harawi" title="Abu Dharr al-Harawi">Abu Dharr al-Harawi</a> <small>(d. 434/1043)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawardi" title="Al-Mawardi">Al-Mawardi</a> <small>(d. 450/1058)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Al-Bayhaqi</a> <small>(d. 458/1066)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi">Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi</a> <small>(d. 463/1071)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Al-Qushayri</a> <small>(d. 465/1072)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Walid_al-Baji" title="Abu al-Walid al-Baji">Abu al-Walid al-Baji</a> <small>(d. 474/1081)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shirazi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi">Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi</a> <small>(d. 476/1083)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Al-Juwayni</a> <small>(d. 478/1085)</small><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">5th AH/11th AD</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Raghib_al-Isfahani" title="Al-Raghib al-Isfahani">Al-Raghib al-Isfahani</a> <small>(d. 502/1108)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a> <small>(d. 505/1111)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Ansari" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Ansari">Abu al-Qasim al-Ansari</a> <small>(d. 511 or 512/1117-19)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Aqil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Aqil">Ibn 'Aqil</a> <small>(d. 513/1119)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Rushd_al-Jadd" title="Ibn Rushd al-Jadd">Ibn Rushd al-Jadd</a> <small>(d. 520/1126)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mazari" title="Al-Mazari">Al-Mazari</a> <small>(d. 536/1141)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi" title="Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</a> <small>(d. 543/1148)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_%27Iyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qadi 'Iyad">Al-Qadi 'Iyad</a> <small>(d. 544/1149)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Al-Shahrastani</a> <small>(d. 548/1153)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Asakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Asakir">Ibn 'Asakir</a> <small>(d. 571/1176)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a> <small>(d. 578/1182)</small><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">6th AH/12th AD</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> <small>(d. 606/1209)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Athir" title="Ibn al-Athir">Ibn al-Athir</a> <small>(d. 630/ 1233)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Din_al-Amidi" title="Sayf al-Din al-Amidi">Sayf al-Din al-Amidi</a> <small>(d. 631/1233)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Hajib" title="Ibn al-Hajib">Ibn al-Hajib</a> <small>(d. 646/1248)</small><br /></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_ibn_%27Abd_al-Salam" title="Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam">Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam</a> <small>(d. 660/1262)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qurtubi" title="Al-Qurtubi">Al-Qurtubi</a> <small>(d. 671/1272)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Al-Nawawi</a> <small>(d. 676/1277)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Qarafi" title="Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi">Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi</a> <small>(d. 684/1285)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baydawi">Al-Baydawi</a> <small>(d. c. 685/1286)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Nafis" title="Ibn al-Nafis">Ibn al-Nafis</a> <small>(d. 687/1288)</small><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">7th AH/13th AD</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Daqiq_al-%27Id" title="Ibn Daqiq al-'Id">Ibn Daqiq al-'Id</a> <small>(d. 702/1302)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Ata%27_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Ata' Allah">Ibn 'Ata' Allah</a> <small>(d. 709/1309)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Hindi" title="Safi al-Din al-Hindi">Safi al-Din al-Hindi</a> <small>(d. 715/1315)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Juzayy" title="Ibn Juzayy">Ibn Juzayy</a> <small>(d. 741/1340)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hayyan_al-Gharnati" title="Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati">Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati</a> <small>(d. 745/1344)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a> <small>(d. 756/1355)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adud_al-Din_al-Iji" title="Adud al-Din al-Iji">'Adud al-Din al-'Iji</a> <small>(d. 757/1355)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taj al-Din al-Subki">Taj al-Din al-Subki</a> <small>(d. 771/1370)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Shams al-Din al-Kirmani">Shams al-Din al-Kirmani</a> <small>(d. 786/1384)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Al-Taftazani</a> <small>(d. 793/1390)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_al-Zarkashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Badr al-Din al-Zarkashi">Badr al-Din al-Zarkashi</a> <small>(d. 794/1392)</small><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">8th AH/14th AD</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Arafa" title="Ibn 'Arafa">Ibn 'Arafa</a> <small>(d. 803/1401)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Bulqini" title="Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini">Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini</a> <small>(d. 805/1405)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zain_al-Din_al-%27Iraqi" title="Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi">Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi</a> <small>(d. 806/1404)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Haythami" title="Nur al-Din al-Haythami">Nur al-Din al-Haythami</a> <small>(d. 807/1404-5)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> <small>(d. 808/1406)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sharif_al-Jurjani" title="Al-Sharif al-Jurjani">Al-Sharif al-Jurjani</a> <small>(d. 816/1413)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jazari" title="Ibn al-Jazari">Ibn al-Jazari</a> <small>(d. 833/1429)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-%27Asqalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani</a> <small>(d. 852/1449)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_al-Mahalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli">Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli</a> <small>(d. 864/1459)</small><br /></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Tha%27alibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi</a> <small>(d. 875/1470)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zarruq" title="Ahmad Zarruq">Ahmad Zarruq</a> <small>(d. 899/1493)</small><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">9th AH/15th AD</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhawi" title="Al-Sakhawi">Al-Sakhawi</a> <small>(d. 902/1497)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_al-Dawani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal al-Din al-Dawani">Jalal al-Din al-Dawani</a> (d. 907/1501 or 908/1502)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a> <small>(d. 911/1505)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastallani" title="Al-Qastallani">Al-Qastallani</a> <small>(d. 923/1517)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a> <small>(d. 926/1520)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sha%27rani" title="Al-Sha'rani">Al-Sha'rani</a> <small>(d. 973/1565)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a> <small>(d. 974/1567)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Shirbini" title="Al-Khatib al-Shirbini">Al-Khatib al-Shirbini</a> <small>(d. 977/1570)</small><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">10th AH/16th AD</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Ashir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Ashir">Ibn 'Ashir</a> <small>(d. 1040/1631)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Maqqari" title="Ahmad al-Maqqari">Ahmad al-Maqqari</a> <small>(d. 1041/1632)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Laqqani" title="Ibrahim al-Laqqani">Ibrahim al-Laqqani</a> <small>(d. 1041/1631)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mayyara" title="Muhammad Mayyara">Muhammad Mayyara</a> <small>(d. 1072/1662)</small><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">11th AH/17th AD</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_al-Yusi" title="Al-Hasan al-Yusi">Al-Hasan al-Yusi</a> <small>(d. 1102/1691)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Zurqani" title="Muhammad al-Zurqani">Muhammad al-Zurqani</a> (d. 1122/1710)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abdallah_ibn_%27Alawi_al-Haddad" title="'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad">'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad</a> <small>(d. 1132/1720)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a> <small>(d. 1176/1762)</small><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">12th AH/18th AD</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Dardir" title="Ahmad al-Dardir">Ahmad al-Dardir</a> <small>(d. 1204/1786)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_%27Ajiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba">Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba</a> <small>(d. 1224/1809)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kiran" title="Ibn Kiran">Ibn Kiran</a> <small>(d. 1227/1812)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Tijani" title="Ahmad al-Tijani">Ahmad al-Tijani</a> <small>(d. 1230/1815)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Bajuri" title="Ibrahim al-Bajuri">Ibrahim al-Bajuri</a> <small>(d. 1276/1859-60)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Ilish" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad 'Ilish">Muhammad 'Ilish</a> <small>(d. 1299/1882)</small><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">13th AH/19th AD</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zayni_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Zayni Dahlan">Ahmad Zayni Dahlan</a> <small>(d. 1304/1886)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Nabhani" title="Yusuf al-Nabhani">Yusuf al-Nabhani</a> <small>(d. 1350/1931)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedi%C3%BCzzaman_Said_Nursi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bediüzzaman Said Nursi">Bediüzzaman Said Nursi</a> <small>(d. 1379/1960)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-%27Arabi_al-Tabbani" title="Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani">Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani</a> <small>(d. 1390/1970)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Tahir_ibn_%27Ashur" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur">Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur</a> <small>(d. 1393/1973)</small><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">14th AH/20th AD</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mitwalli_al-Sha%27rawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Mitwalli al-Sha'rawi">Muhammad Mitwalli al-Sha'rawi</a> <small>(d. 1419/1998)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Alawi_al-Maliki" title="Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki">Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki</a> <small>(d. 1425/2004)</small><br /></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Harari" title="Abdullah al-Harari">Abdullah al-Harari</a> <small>(d. 1429/2008)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuh_al-Qudah" title="Nuh al-Qudah">Nuh al-Qudah</a> <small>(d. 1432/2010)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sa%27id_Ramadan_al-Buti" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti">Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti</a> <small>(d. 1434/2013)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahbah_al-Zuhayli" title="Wahbah al-Zuhayli">Wahbah al-Zuhayli</a> <small>(d. 1436/2015)</small><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Ali_al-Sabuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad 'Ali al-Sabuni">Muhammad 'Ali al-Sabuni</a> <small>(d. 1442/2021)</small><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0F8FF; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ash%27ari_literature" title="Category:Ash'ari literature">Theological works</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Istihsan_al-Khawd_fi_%27Ilm_al-Kalam" title="Istihsan al-Khawd fi 'Ilm al-Kalam">Istihsan al-Khawd fi 'Ilm al-Kalam</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mujarrad_Maqalat_al-Ash%27ari" title="Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari">Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabyin_Kadhib_al-Muftari" title="Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari">Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqida_al-Tahawiyya" title="Al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya">Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharh_al-%27Aqa%27id_al-Nasafiyya" title="Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya">Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Insaf_fima_Yajib_I%27tiqaduh" title="Al-Insaf fima Yajib I'tiqaduh">Al-Insaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_to_Conclusive_Proofs_for_the_Principles_of_Belief" title="A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief">Al-Irshad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moderation_in_Belief" title="The Moderation in Belief">Al-Iqtisad</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incoherence_of_the_Philosophers" title="The Incoherence of the Philosophers">Tahafut al-Falasifa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Asma%27_wa_al-Sifat" title="Al-Asma' wa al-Sifat">Al-Asma' wa al-Sifat</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Risala_al-Qushayriyya" title="Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya">Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Farq_bayn_al-Firaq" title="Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq">Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Milal_wa_al-Nihal" title="Al-Milal wa al-Nihal">Al-Milal wa al-Nihal</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asas_al-Taqdis" title="Asas al-Taqdis">Asas al-Taqdis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daf%27_Shubah_al-Tashbih" title="Daf' Shubah al-Tashbih">Daf' Shubah al-Tashbih</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lubab_al-Muhassal" title="Lubab al-Muhassal">Lubab al-Muhassal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Murshid_al-Mu%27een" title="Al-Murshid al-Mu'een">Al-Murshid al-Mu'een</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jawharat_al-Tawhid" title="Jawharat al-Tawhid">Jawharat al-Tawhid</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0F8FF; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Institutions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abi_al-Hasan_al-Ash%27ari_Center_for_Theological_Studies_and_Research" title="Abi al-Hasan al-Ash'ari Center for Theological Studies and Research">Abi al-Hasan al-Ash'ari Center</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nizamiyya_of_Baghdad" title="Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad">Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University" title="Al-Azhar University">Al-Azhar University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qarawiyyin_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qarawiyyin University">Al-Qarawiyyin University</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zaytuna_Mosque" title="Al-Zaytuna Mosque">Al-Zaytuna Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Mosque" title="Umayyad Mosque">Umayyad Mosque</a><br /></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar_al-Hadith_al-Aschrafiya" class="extiw" title="de:Dar al-Hadith al-Aschrafiya">Dar al-Hadith al-Ashrafiyya</a><br /></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Education_Movement" title="Islamic Education Movement">Islamic Education Movement</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Islamic_University_Malaysia" title="International Islamic University Malaysia">International Islamic University Malaysia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0F8FF; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Events</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_international_conference_on_Sunni_Islam_in_Grozny" title="2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny">2016 International Islamic Conference</a><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0F8FF; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sunni_Islamic_branches" title="Category:Sunni Islamic branches">Related groups</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Classic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maturidis" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidis">Maturidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Modern</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahbash" title="Al-Ahbash">Al-Ahbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandis" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandis">Deobandis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barelvis" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvis">Barelvis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ash%27ari" title="Category:Ash'ari">Category</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ash%27arism" title="Template:Ash'arism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ash%27arism" title="Template talk:Ash'arism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ash%27arism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ash'arism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nahdlatul Ulama follows the <a href="/wiki/Ash%CA%BFari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashʿari">Ashʿari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi</a> schools, taking the middle path between aqli (<a href="/wiki/Mu%CA%BFtazila" class="mw-redirect" title="Muʿtazila">rationalist</a>) and naqli (<a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_theology_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist theology (Islam)">scripturalist</a>) tendencies. The organization identifies the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a>, and the abilities of the mind coupled with empirical reality as the sources of its thought. It attributes this approach to earlier thinkers such as <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a> in the field of <a href="/wiki/%27aqidah" class="mw-redirect" title="'aqidah">theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nu.or.id_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nu.or.id-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the field of <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">jurisprudence</a>, it recognizes the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hanbali" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanbali">Hanbali</a> schools of law, but relies in practice on Shafi'i teachings. Regarding <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>, NU follows the path of <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">al-Ghazali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Junayd_of_Baghdad" title="Junayd of Baghdad">al-Junayd al-Baghdadi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nu.or.id_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nu.or.id-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been described by <a href="/wiki/Western_media" title="Western media">Western media</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Muslim_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Muslim movements">liberal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">pluralistic</a> Islamic movement,<sup id="cite_ref-indonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Varagur2015_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varagur2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is a diverse organization with large conservative factions, as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Nahdlatul Ulama has stated that it is not tied to any political organization.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahdlatul_Ulama&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahdlatul_Ulama&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NU was established in 1926 as an organization for orthodox <a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a> Muslims scholars,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as opposed to the modernist policies of the <a href="/wiki/Muhammadiyah" title="Muhammadiyah">Muhammadiyah</a> and <a href="/wiki/PERSIS_(organization)" title="PERSIS (organization)">PERSIS (organization)</a>, and the rise of <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi movement</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Irshad_Al-Islamiya" title="Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya">Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya</a> organization in Indonesia, which rejected local customs influenced by pre-Islamic Javanese <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> traditions at all. The organization was established after <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Hejaz" title="Committee of Hejaz">The Committee of Hijaz</a> had fulfilled its duty and about to be dissolved. The organization was established by <a href="/wiki/Hasyim_Asy%27ari" title="Hasyim Asy'ari">Hasyim Asy'ari</a>, the head of an <a href="/wiki/Pesantren" title="Pesantren">Islamic religious school</a> in East Java. The organization expanded, but the base of its support remained in East Java. By 1928, the NU was using the Javanese language in its sermons, alongside Arabic.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricklefs1981_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricklefs1981-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 169">: 169 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz1994-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 168">: 168 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Feith2007_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feith2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 233–236">: 233–236 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jombang_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jombang_Mosque.jpg/220px-Jombang_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jombang_Mosque.jpg/330px-Jombang_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jombang_Mosque.jpg/440px-Jombang_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>The Jombang Mosque, birthplace of the Nahdlatul Ulama</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1937, despite poor relations between the NU and other <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> organizations in Indonesia, the organizations established the Supreme Islamic Council of Indonesia (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Majlis Islam A'laa Indonesia, MIAI</i>) as a discussion forum. They were joined by most of the other Islamic organizations in existence at the time. In 1942, the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">occupied Indonesia</a> and in September a conference of Islamic leaders was held in Jakarta.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricklefs1981_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricklefs1981-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 191, 194">: 191, 194 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Feith2007_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feith2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 233–236">: 233–236 </span></sup> </p><p>The Japanese wanted to replace the MIAI, but the conference not only decided to maintain the organization, but also elected political figures belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Islamic_Union_Party" title="Indonesian Islamic Union Party">PSII</a> to the leadership, rather than members of the non-political NU or Muhammadiyah as the occupiers had wanted. Just over a year later, the MIAI was dissolved and replaced by the Japanese-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Masyumi#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Masyumi">Masyumi</a> (Consultative Council of Indonesian Muslims). Hasjim Asjari was the notional chairman, but in practice the new organization was led by his son, <a href="/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim" title="Wahid Hasyim">Wahid Hasyim</a>. Other NU and Muhammadiyah figures held leadership positions.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricklefs1981_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricklefs1981-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 191, 194">: 191, 194 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Feith2007_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feith2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 233–236">: 233–236 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1945, <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Hatta</a> <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">declared Indonesian independence</a>, which NU supported. </p><p>During the early months of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a> the NU declared on October 22, 1945, that the fight against the Dutch colonial forces was a holy war, obligatory for all Muslims of the nation (this day is since 2015 honored as National Santri Day).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the guerrilla groups fighting for independence were Hizbullah and Sabillilah, which were led by the NU.<sup id="cite_ref-Feith2007_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feith2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 233–236">: 233–236 </span></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote" style="text-align:left; width:30%;padding:10px 15px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px;min-width: 20em"><p><b>NAHDLATUL ULAMA RESOLUTION</b><br /><i><b>to all members in Java and Madura Islands</b></i> </p><p><i>In the Name of God, the Most Gracious and Merciful:</i> </p><p>The Regional Leaders and Representatives of Nahdlatul Ulama, assembled in Surabaya, East Java, in general session of the Java-Madura Conference of the aformentioned on 21-22 October 1945, hereby declare that: </p><p>Given that the testimonies and speeches given from representatives from Java and Madura revealed the huge desire of the Muslim Ummah and Ulama of these regions and in the areas of the aforementioned to defend and uphold both religion and the sovereignty of the newly independent Republic of Indonesia, declared on the 17th of August of this year, against foreign aggression, during the duration of this Conference, </p><p>considering that the defense of Republic of Indonesia according to the laws of the Islamic Religion as thus a obligation for every Muslim in accordance with Islamic doctrine, and that Muslims constitute the majority of the citizenry of the young Republic, </p><p>and considering the following realities faced by the Muslim community: </p><p>Whereas, That the Dutch (NICA) and the Japanese who came and were here in the lands of the Republic carried out many crimes and atrocities which disturbed the peace, </p><p>Whereas, That everything they did was done with the intention of violating the sovereignty of the independent Republic of Indonesia and the freedom of religion, and wanting to restore their former colonial possessions, there have been battles that have sacrificed many lives in many places of the republic, </p><p>Whereas, these battles were mostly carried out by members of the Muslim community who felt obliged according to their religious laws to defend the independence of their country and religious freedom, </p><p>And whereas, in dealing with all these incidents, in accordance with our response, we have not received concrete orders and demands from the Government of the Republic of Indonesia on that matter. </p><p>NOW THEREFORE, WE HEREBY ORDER AND RECOMMEND THE FOLLOWING: </p><p>First, For the NU to urgently request the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to determine a real and commensurate attitude and action towards efforts, especially towards the Dutch and their allies and supporters at home and overseas, that will endanger religious freedom and the independence of the Indonesian nation, </p><p>and second, for the NU to continue the "sabilillah" struggle for the establishment of the independent Republic of Indonesia and Islam. </p><p>Resolved in Surabaya on the 22th day of October, 1945 </p><p> (SGD.) THE NAHDLATUL ULAMA</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transformation_into_Islamic_political_party">Transformation into Islamic political party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahdlatul_Ulama&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transformation into Islamic political party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid green; border-bottom:2px solid green; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Nahdlatul Ulama</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nahdlatul_Ulama.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Nahdlatul_Ulama.svg/180px-Flag_of_Nahdlatul_Ulama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Nahdlatul_Ulama.svg/270px-Flag_of_Nahdlatul_Ulama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Nahdlatul_Ulama.svg/360px-Flag_of_Nahdlatul_Ulama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1829" data-file-height="1097" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">NU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">31 January 1926 (organization) <br /> 1952 (party)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">5 January 1973</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Masyumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Masyumi">Masyumi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/United_Development_Party" title="United Development Party">United Development Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Djakarta</a>, Indonesia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>Duta Masjarakat</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ansor_Youth_Movement" title="Ansor Youth Movement">Ansor Youth Movement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(Islam_in_Indonesia)" title="Traditionalism (Islam in Indonesia)">Traditional</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;">Indonesian League of Muslims</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid green;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia" title="Politics of Indonesia">Politics of Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Indonesia" title="List of political parties in Indonesia">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indonesia" title="Elections in Indonesia">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia" title="Politics of Indonesia">Politics of Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political aspects of Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism of Islamism</a></div> <p>Following the recognition of Indonesian independence, a new party called <a href="/wiki/Masyumi_Party" title="Masyumi Party">Masyumi</a> was established with the NU as a component of it. The NU leadership at the time had no political skills, and was awarded few influential cabinet positions, with the exception of chairman <a href="/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim" title="Wahid Hasyim">Wahid Hasyim</a>, who was appointed religious affairs minister. The NU was unhappy with its lack of influence within Masyumi, especially after a decision at the 1949 party conference changed the party's religious council, on which the NU held several positions, into a powerless advisory body.<sup id="cite_ref-Feith2007_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feith2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 233–236">: 233–236 </span></sup> </p><p>Two years later, a dispute over the organization of the <a href="/wiki/Haj" class="mw-redirect" title="Haj">Haj</a> pilgrimage led to Prime Minister Natsir's opposition to the reappointment of Hasyim as religious affairs minister in the next cabinet. In the ensuing cabinet crisis, the NU made a series of demands, including the retention of Hasyim, and threatened to leave Masyumi. On 5 April 1952, a few days after the announcement of a new cabinet without Hasyim, the NU decided in principle to leave Masyumi. Three months later it withdrew all its members from Masyumi councils, and on 30 August it established the Indonesian League of Muslims, comprising the NU, PSSI and a number of smaller organizations. It was chaired by Hasyim.<sup id="cite_ref-Feith2007_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feith2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 233–236">: 233–236 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy_period_in_Indonesia" title="Liberal democracy period in Indonesia">liberal democracy</a> era (1950–1957), NU members served in a number of cabinet posts. In the <a href="/wiki/First_Ali_Sastroamidjojo_Cabinet" title="First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet">first Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet</a>, the NU held three seats, with Zainul Arifin appointed second deputy prime minister. However, following the fall of this cabinet, some NU members were opposed to the NU joining the new cabinet, to be formed by <a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Harahap_Cabinet" title="Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet">Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet</a>, believing that if he was unable to form a cabinet, the NU would be invited to try. It was finally pressured into participating, and was awarded the interior and religious affairs portfolios in the cabinet, which was sworn in on 12 August 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-Feith2007_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feith2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 418–419">: 418–419 </span></sup> </p><p>On 29 September 1955, Indonesia held its first <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_legislative_election,_1955" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian legislative election, 1955">parliamentary elections</a>. The NU came in third, with almost 7 million votes, 18.4% of the total, behind the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Party" title="Indonesian National Party">Indonesian National Party</a> and Masyumi. It was awarded 45 seats in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Representative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Representative Council">People's Representative Council</a>, up from only eight before the election. The NU was the largest party in its East Java base, and 85.6% of its vote came from <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>. There was a clear division between Masyumi, representing outer-island, urban voters and the NU, representing the rural Javanese constituency. Three months later, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Constituent_Assembly_election,_1955" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Constituent Assembly election, 1955">elections</a> were held for the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Assembly_of_Indonesia" title="Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia">Constitutional Assembly</a>, which was tasked with drawing up a permanent constitution. The results were very similar, with the NU winning 91 of the 514 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricklefs1981_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricklefs1981-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 238–239">: 238–239 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Feith2007_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feith2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 434–436">: 434–436 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Friend2003_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friend2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 51">: 51 </span></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s, the NU still wanted to see Indonesia become an Islamic state, and expressed its disapproval of a 1953 presidential speech in which Sukarno rejected this. Three years later, it also argued against Sukarno's "conception" that would eventually lead to the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia" title="Guided Democracy in Indonesia">guided democracy</a>, as this would mean PKI members sitting in the cabinet. On 2 March 1957, the <a href="/wiki/Permesta" title="Permesta">Permesta</a> rebellion broke out. Among its demands was the restoration of Mohammad Hatta to the vice-presidency. The NU supported these calls.<sup id="cite_ref-Feith2007_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feith2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 281–282, 544">: 281–282, 544 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, in the Constitutional Assembly, the NU joined Masyumi, the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Islamic_Union_Party" title="Indonesian Islamic Union Party">Indonesian Islamic Union Party</a> (PSII), the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Education_Movement" title="Islamic Education Movement">Islamic Education Movement</a> (Perti) and other parties to form the Islamic Block, which wanted Indonesian to become an Islamic state. The block made up 44.8% of total seats. However, with none of the blocks able to command a majority and push through the constitution it wanted, the assembly failed to agree and was dissolved by Sukarno in a <a href="/wiki/President_Sukarno%27s_1959_Decree" title="President Sukarno's 1959 Decree">decree</a> on 5 July 1959 that also restored the original <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indonesia" title="Constitution of Indonesia">1945 Constitution</a>, which declared the state to be based on the <a href="/wiki/Pancasila_(politics)" title="Pancasila (politics)">Pancasila</a> philosophy, not Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-Feith2007_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feith2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 281–282, 544">: 281–282, 544 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, President <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> banned Masyumi for alleged involvement in the Permesta rebellion. However, the leadership of NU saw the pro-poor <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Indonesia" title="Communist Party of Indonesia">Communist Party of Indonesia</a>, which was close to Sukarno, as an obstacle to its ambitions, and competed with it to win support from the poor. Five years later, the coup attempt by the <a href="/wiki/30_September_Movement" title="30 September Movement">30 September Movement</a> took place. In 1965, the group took sides with the <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">General Suharto</a>-led army and was heavily involved in <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian killings of 1965–66">the mass killings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Indonesia" title="Communist Party of Indonesia">Indonesian communists</a>. However, the NU later began to oppose Suharto's regime.<sup id="cite_ref-thejakartapost.com_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thejakartapost.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984, <a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid" title="Abdurrahman Wahid">Abdurrahman Wahid</a>, the grandson of NU founder Hasyim Asy'ari, inherited the leadership from his father, and was later elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Indonesia">President of Indonesia</a> in 1999. He formally apologized for NU's involvement in the events of 1965. He also stated that "Nadhatul Ulama (NU) is like <a href="/wiki/Shiite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiite">Shiite</a> minus <a href="/wiki/Imamah" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah">Imamah</a>; similarly Shiite is NU plus Imamah." There have been many similarities between the two, such as the position and role of <a href="/wiki/Kyai" title="Kyai">kyai</a>. The main contrast between them is that in NU, the concept is visible in the form of accepted culture, while in Shia, it takes the form of <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thejakartapost.com_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thejakartapost.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">deposing of Sukarno</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order</a> regime under President <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> held <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_legislative_election,_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian legislative election, 1971">elections</a> in 1971. Despite manipulation of the NU by the government, which caused it to lose much credibility, the NU managed to maintain its 18% share of the vote from the 1955 poll. However, in 1973, it was obliged to "fuse" into the new <a href="/wiki/United_Development_Party" title="United Development Party">United Development Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Partai Persatuan Pembangunan, PPP</i>). The PPP came second, after the government sponsored <a href="/wiki/Golkar" title="Golkar">Golkar</a> organization in the elections of <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_legislative_election,_1977" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian legislative election, 1977">1977</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_legislative_election,_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian legislative election, 1982">1982</a>, but in 1984, the new NU chairman <a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid" title="Abdurrahman Wahid">Abdurrahman Wahid</a> (also known as <i><a href="/wiki/Gus_Dur" class="mw-redirect" title="Gus Dur">Gus Dur</a></i>), the son of <a href="/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim" title="Wahid Hasyim">Wahid Hasyim</a>, withdrew the NU from the <a href="/wiki/United_Development_Party" title="United Development Party">PPP</a> because of dissatisfaction with the NU's lack of influence. As a result, in the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_legislative_election,_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian legislative election, 1987">1987 election</a>, the PPP vote collapsed from 28% in 1982 to only 16%. From then on, it was expected that the NU would concentrate on religious and social activities.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricklefs1981_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricklefs1981-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 276">: 276 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz1994-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 32, 36–37">: 32, 36–37 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Friend2003_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friend2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 201">: 201 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_politics">Outside politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahdlatul_Ulama&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Outside politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1984, the New Order government announced that all organizations would have to accept state ideology Pancasila as their <a href="/wiki/Asas_tunggal_Pancasila" title="Asas tunggal Pancasila">basis</a>. Once again the NU was accommodating, with Gus Dur calling Pancasila a "noble compromise"<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz1994-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 172">: 172 </span></sup> for Muslims. Five years later. Gus Dur was reelected for a second five-year term as chairman, a position he held until being elected president in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Friend2003_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friend2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 203">: 203 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1990, the NU worked with Bank Summa to establish a system of rural banks. Suharto did not approve of the NU straying beyond purely religious activities, and the fact the bank was owned by a Christian ethnic-Chinese family led to controversy. The bank was eventually shut down two years later because of financial mismanagement. Gus Dur also incurred the disapproval of the regime by holding a mass rally at a Jakarta stadium three months before the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_legislative_election,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian legislative election, 1992">1992 legislative elections</a>, ostensibly to express support for Pancasila.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz1994-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 188–193">: 188–193 </span></sup> </p><p>This resulted in Gus Dur being invited to meet Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a>, Suharto's son-in-law at Jakarta Military Headquarters. At the meeting, Gus Dur was warned to avoid unacceptable political conduct, and told that if he insisted in involving himself in politics, rather than confining himself to religious matters, he should express support for a further presidential term for Suharto. In response, Gus Dur threatened to leave the NU. This resulted in the regime backing down, as it could not risk bringing Gus Dur down.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz1994-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 188–193">: 188–193 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-New_Order_era">Post-New Order era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahdlatul_Ulama&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-New Order era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto" title="Fall of Suharto">fall of Suharto</a>, Nahdlatul Ulama members and Islamic clerics were <a href="/wiki/1998_Banyuwangi_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Banyuwangi massacre">killed</a> by rioters in <a href="/wiki/Banyuwangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Banyuwangi">Banyuwangi</a> in East Java when a witchhunt against alleged sorcerers spiralled out of control.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the fall of Suharto and his replacement by Vice-president <a href="/wiki/B._J._Habibie" title="B. J. Habibie">B. J. Habibie</a>, in July 1998 Gus Dur announced the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/National_Awakening_Party" title="National Awakening Party">National Awakening Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa, PKB</i>). On 10 November, Gus Dur met with other pro-reform figures <a href="/wiki/Amien_Rais" title="Amien Rais">Amien Rais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Megawati_Sukarnoputri" title="Megawati Sukarnoputri">Megawati Sukarnoputri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono" title="Hamengkubuwono">Sultan Hamengkubuwono</a>. The so-called Ciganjur Four, named after the location of Gus Dur's house, issued a declaration calling the Habibie administration "transitional" and calling for elections to be brought forward and for the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Indonesian Military</a> to end its political role.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz1994-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 387–297">: 387–297 </span></sup> </p><p>In Indonesia's first free <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_legislative_election,_1999" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian legislative election, 1999">elections</a> since 1955, held on 7 June 1999, the PKB won 13 percent of the vote. In the ensuing session of the People's Consultative Assembly, Gus Dur was elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President of Indonesia</a>, defeating Megawati by 373 votes to 313.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz1994-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 424, 461-">: 424, 461- </span></sup> However, he was <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Abdurrahman_Wahid" title="Impeachment of Abdurrahman Wahid">deposed</a> just two years later. The PKB subsequently split into two warring factions, one led by Gus Dur's daughter, Yenny Wahid. An attempt in 2008 by Gus Dur to involve President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in resolving the dispute failed, and the PKB vote in the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_legislative_election,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian legislative election, 2009">2009 elections</a> was half that of the previous vote in 2004. At its 2010 conference, held in <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a>, the NU decided not to discuss the split, and passed a resolution banning officials from holding political posts, seen as a commitment to avoiding future political involvement.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz1994-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 501">: 501 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the conference, concerns about the longer term role of the NU continued to attract comment in the national media. During 2011, for example, there was continuing discussion about the national role that the NU should play and about the close political links between the NU and the National Awakening Party (PKB). Comments by Yenny Wahid, for example, reflected these concerns when she said that the NU was fragmenting and "sliding into irrelevance".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aims">Aims</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahdlatul_Ulama&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Indonesia" title="Freedom of religion in Indonesia">Freedom of religion in Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Indonesia" title="Human rights in Indonesia">Human rights in Indonesia</a></div> <p>The NU exists to spread Islamic teaching. As well as preaching, it undertakes educational activities through its network of 6,830 <a href="/wiki/Pesantren" title="Pesantren">Islamic boarding schools</a> (or <i>pesantren</i>). It also owns 44 universities; is involved in economic and agricultural studies; and provides social services such as <a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NUWebsite_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUWebsite-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its goal is "to spread messages about a tolerant Islam in their respective countries to curb radicalism, extremism and terrorism," which, it claims, "often spring from a misinterpretation of Islamic teachings."<sup id="cite_ref-indonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Varagur2015_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varagur2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hualien_Al-Falah_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hualien_Al-Falah_Mosque.jpg/220px-Hualien_Al-Falah_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hualien_Al-Falah_Mosque.jpg/330px-Hualien_Al-Falah_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hualien_Al-Falah_Mosque.jpg/440px-Hualien_Al-Falah_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The NU-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Hualien_Al-Falah_Mosque" title="Hualien Al-Falah Mosque">Hualien Al-Falah Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2014, NU launched a global campaign against <a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">extremism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">jihadism</a>. Alongside NU theologians, the group built a prevention center in Indonesia to train Arabic-speaking students to combat jihadist <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetoric</a>. Additionally, NU created a joint program with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a> entitled <i>VORTEX</i> (Vienna Observatory for Applied Research on Radicalism and Extremism). The project is funded by the Indonesian Ministry of Internal Security. It also launched an American <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit organization</a> called Bayt ar-Rahmah in <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-indonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Varagur2015_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varagur2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, Nahdlatul Ulama leaders gave a <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwa</a> in favor of <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">female genital mutilation</a> (FGM).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, NU called for the abolishment of the term "<a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">kafir</a>" to describe non-Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leaders">Leaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahdlatul_Ulama&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The highest body in the NU is its <a href="/wiki/Shura" title="Shura">Syuriah</a> (Supreme Council). Under this is the Tanfidziyah (Executive Council); the Mustasyar (Advisory Council) provides input to both. At the 2010 NU Conference, <a href="/wiki/Sahal_Mahfudh" title="Sahal Mahfudh">Sahal Mahfudh</a> was elected chairman of the Executive Council, and thus serves as executive chief. At the same conference, Sahal Mahfudz was elected chair of the Supreme Council for the 2010-2015 period. Under the Executive Council, there are province-level Regional Boards, autonomous bodies, institutes, and committees, with the structure extending down to Sub-Branch Representative Council Boards in villages.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bush2009_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bush2009-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15">: 15 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NUWebsite_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUWebsite-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahdlatul_Ulama&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara_256" title="Al-Baqara 256">Al-Baqara 256</a> "there is no compulsion in religion"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Liberalism and progressivism within Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Nusantara" title="Islam Nusantara">Islam Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a> a South Asian traditionalist movement formed in reaction to Wahhabism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_East_Java_ninja_scare" title="1998 East Java ninja scare">1998 East Java ninja scare</a>— a massive series of lynchings triggered by assassinations of Nahdlatul Ulama leaders</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahdlatul_Ulama&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nu.or.id/amp/nasional/survei-smrc-40-juta-anggota-nu-jadi-pemilih-di-pilpres-2024-uqHiN">"Survei SMRC: 40 Juta Anggota NU Jadi Pemilih di Pilpres 2024"</a>. <i>NU Online</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NU+Online&rft.atitle=Survei+SMRC%3A+40+Juta+Anggota+NU+Jadi+Pemilih+di+Pilpres+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nu.or.id%2Famp%2Fnasional%2Fsurvei-smrc-40-juta-anggota-nu-jadi-pemilih-di-pilpres-2024-uqHiN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbook-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-handbook_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2013" class="citation book cs1">Esposito, John (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hc7iAAAAQBAJ&q=nahdlatul+ulama+world%27s+largest&pg=PA570"><i>Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics</i></a>. OUP USA. p. 570. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195395891" title="Special:BookSources/9780195395891"><bdi>9780195395891</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409003947/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hc7iAAAAQBAJ&q=nahdlatul+ulama+world%27s+largest&pg=PA570">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Handbook+of+Islam+and+Politics&rft.pages=570&rft.pub=OUP+USA&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780195395891&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHc7iAAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dnahdlatul%2Bulama%2Bworld%2527s%2Blargest%26pg%3DPA570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-traditionalist-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-traditionalist_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-traditionalist_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPieternella2006" class="citation book cs1">Pieternella, Doron-Harder (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Io7nTxix9UC&pg=PA2"><i>Women Shaping Islam</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252030772" title="Special:BookSources/9780252030772"><bdi>9780252030772</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408193734/https://books.google.com/books?id=-Io7nTxix9UC&pg=PA2">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Shaping+Islam&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780252030772&rft.aulast=Pieternella&rft.aufirst=Doron-Harder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Io7nTxix9UC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NU-Islam_Nusantara-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NU-Islam_Nusantara_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nu.or.id/post/read/59035/apa-yang-dimaksud-dengan-islam-nusantara">"Apa yang Dimaksud dengan Islam Nusantara?"</a>. <i>Nahdlatul Ulama</i> (in Indonesian). 22 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190916144254/https://www.nu.or.id/post/read/59035/apa-yang-dimaksud-dengan-islam-nusantara">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nahdlatul+Ulama&rft.atitle=Apa+yang+Dimaksud+dengan+Islam+Nusantara%3F&rft.date=2015-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nu.or.id%2Fpost%2Fread%2F59035%2Fapa-yang-dimaksud-dengan-islam-nusantara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IAIN_Madura-Syncretism_of_Slametan_Tradition_As_a_Pillar_of_Islam_Nusantara-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IAIN_Madura-Syncretism_of_Slametan_Tradition_As_a_Pillar_of_Islam_Nusantara_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF_Muqoddam2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">F Muqoddam (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/karsa/article/view/1950">"Syncretism of Slametan Tradition As a Pillar of Islam Nusantara'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>E Journal IAIN Madura</i> (in Indonesian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407051702/http://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/karsa/article/view/1950">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=E+Journal+IAIN+Madura&rft.atitle=Syncretism+of+Slametan+Tradition+As+a+Pillar+of+Islam+Nusantara%27&rft.date=2019&rft.au=F+Muqoddam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fejournal.iainmadura.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fkarsa%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArifianto2017" class="citation journal cs1">Arifianto, Alexander R. (23 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/CO17018.pdf">"Islam Nusantara & Its Critics: The Rise of NU's Young Clerics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>RSIS Commentary</i>. <b>18</b>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220131025646/https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/CO17018.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 31 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RSIS+Commentary&rft.atitle=Islam+Nusantara+%26+Its+Critics%3A+The+Rise+of+NU%27s+Young+Clerics&rft.volume=18&rft.date=2017-01-23&rft.aulast=Arifianto&rft.aufirst=Alexander+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsis.edu.sg%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F01%2FCO17018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nu.or.id-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nu.or.id_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nu.or.id_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nu.or.id/a,public-m,static-s,detail-lang,en-ids,1-id,7-t,religious+ideology-.phpx">"Kanal NU Online"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220131191824/https://www.nu.or.id/a,public-m,static-s,detail-lang,en-ids,1-id,7-t,religious%2bideology-.phpx">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kanal+NU+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nu.or.id%2Fa%2Cpublic-m%2Cstatic-s%2Cdetail-lang%2Cen-ids%2C1-id%2C7-t%2Creligious%2Bideology-.phpx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-indonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/world/asia/indonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama.html?_r=0">"From Indonesia, a challenge to the ideology of the Islamic State"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>. 4 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409003947/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/world/asia/indonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=From+Indonesia%2C+a+challenge+to+the+ideology+of+the+Islamic+State&rft.date=2015-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F11%2F27%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Findonesia-islam-nahdlatul-ulama.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Varagur2015-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Varagur2015_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Varagur2015_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Varagur2015_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaragur2015" class="citation news cs1">Varagur, Krithika (2 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/indonesian-muslims-counter-isis_565c737ae4b072e9d1c26bda">"World's Largest Islamic Organization Tells ISIS To Get Lost"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117062212/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/indonesian-muslims-counter-isis_565c737ae4b072e9d1c26bda">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=World%27s+Largest+Islamic+Organization+Tells+ISIS+To+Get+Lost&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft.aulast=Varagur&rft.aufirst=Krithika&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Findonesian-muslims-counter-isis_565c737ae4b072e9d1c26bda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobin_Bush,_Robin_Bush_Rickard" class="citation book cs1">Robin Bush, Robin Bush Rickard. <i>Nahdlatul Ulama and the Struggle for Power Within Islam and Politics in Indonesia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Southeast_Asian_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Southeast Asian Studies">Institute of Southeast Asian Studies</a>. p. 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nahdlatul+Ulama+and+the+Struggle+for+Power+Within+Islam+and+Politics+in+Indonesia&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.au=Robin+Bush%2C+Robin+Bush+Rickard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity_of_Cumbria" class="citation web cs1">University of Cumbria, Division of Religion and Philosophy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/indon/nahdat.html">"Nahdatul Ulama"</a>. <i>www.philtar.ac.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303030400/http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/indon/nahdat.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.philtar.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Nahdatul+Ulama&rft.aulast=University+of+Cumbria&rft.aufirst=Division+of+Religion+and+Philosophy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philtar.ac.uk%2Fencyclopedia%2Findon%2Fnahdat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ricklefs1981-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ricklefs1981_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ricklefs1981_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ricklefs1981_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ricklefs1981_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ricklefs1981_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicklefs1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/M._C._Ricklefs" title="M. C. Ricklefs">Ricklefs, M.C.</a> (1991). <i>A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1200</i>. Stanford: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-4480-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-4480-7"><bdi>0-8047-4480-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Indonesia+Since+c.1200&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8047-4480-7&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=M.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwartz1994-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz1994_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1994" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Adam (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationinwaitingi00schw"><i>A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s</i></a></span>. Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86373-635-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-86373-635-2"><bdi>1-86373-635-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nation+in+Waiting%3A+Indonesia+in+the+1990s&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-86373-635-2&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnationinwaitingi00schw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feith2007-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Feith2007_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feith2007_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feith2007_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feith2007_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feith2007_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feith2007_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feith2007_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feith2007_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feith2007_15-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feith2007_15-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeith2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feith" title="Herbert Feith">Feith, Herbert</a> (2007). <i>The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia</i>. Equinox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-79378-045-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-79378-045-0"><bdi>978-9-79378-045-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Decline+of+Constitutional+Democracy+in+Indonesia&rft.pub=Equinox+Publishing+%28Asia%29+Pte+Ltd&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9-79378-045-0&rft.aulast=Feith&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-6359206/teks-resolusi-jihad-nu-cikal-bakal-hari-santri-nasional">"Teks Resolusi Jihad NU, Cikal Bakal Hari Santri Nasional"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teks+Resolusi+Jihad+NU%2C+Cikal+Bakal+Hari+Santri+Nasional&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.detik.com%2Fedu%2Fdetikpedia%2Fd-6359206%2Fteks-resolusi-jihad-nu-cikal-bakal-hari-santri-nasional&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediaipnu.or.id/2022/08/kebangkitan-nasional-dan-awal.html">"Kebangkitan Nasional dan Awal Berdirinya Nahdlatul Ulama"</a>. <i>mediaipnu.or.id</i>. 20 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mediaipnu.or.id&rft.atitle=Kebangkitan+Nasional+dan+Awal+Berdirinya+Nahdlatul+Ulama&rft.date=2022-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediaipnu.or.id%2F2022%2F08%2Fkebangkitan-nasional-dan-awal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Friend2003-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Friend2003_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Friend2003_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Friend2003_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriend2003" class="citation book cs1">Friend, Theodore (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indonesiandestin00theo"><i>Indonesian Destinies</i></a></span>. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01834-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01834-6"><bdi>0-674-01834-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesian+Destinies&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-674-01834-6&rft.aulast=Friend&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findonesiandestin00theo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasution1995" class="citation book cs1">Nasution, Adnan Buyung (1995). <i>Aspirasi Pemerintahan Konstitutional di Indonesia: Studi Sosio-Legal atas Konstituante 1956-1959</i> [<i>The Aspiration for Constitutional Government in Indonesia: A Socio-Legal Study of the Indonesian Konstituante 1956-1959</i>]. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti. pp. 32–33, 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-79416-218-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-79416-218-7"><bdi>978-9-79416-218-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspirasi+Pemerintahan+Konstitutional+di+Indonesia%3A+Studi+Sosio-Legal+atas+Konstituante+1956-1959&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=32-33%2C+49&rft.pub=Pustaka+Utama+Grafiti&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-9-79416-218-7&rft.aulast=Nasution&rft.aufirst=Adnan+Buyung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thejakartapost.com-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thejakartapost.com_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thejakartapost.com_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/10/cikeusik-sampang-the-threat-conflict.html">"Cikeusik to Sampang: The threat of conflict"</a>. January 10, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220403095449/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/10/cikeusik-sampang-the-threat-conflict.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cikeusik+to+Sampang%3A+The+threat+of+conflict&rft.date=2012-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2F01%2F10%2Fcikeusik-sampang-the-threat-conflict.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insideindonesia.org/the-banyuwangi-murders">"The Banyuwangi murders"</a>. <i>Inside Indonesia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009151639/https://www.insideindonesia.org/the-banyuwangi-murders">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Oct 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside+Indonesia&rft.atitle=The+Banyuwangi+murders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insideindonesia.org%2Fthe-banyuwangi-murders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLIEBHOLD1998" class="citation magazine cs1">LIEBHOLD, DAVID (Oct 19, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2053925,00.html">"That New Black Magic"</a>. <i>Time</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220403095448/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2053925,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Oct 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=That+New+Black+Magic&rft.date=1998-10-19&rft.aulast=LIEBHOLD&rft.aufirst=DAVID&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C2053925%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/06/30/gus-dur-meet-yudhoyono-over-split-within-pkb.html">"Gus Dur to meet Yudhoyono over split within PKB"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta Post">Jakarta Post</a>. 2008-06-30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220403095354/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/06/30/gus-dur-meet-yudhoyono-over-split-within-pkb.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gus+Dur+to+meet+Yudhoyono+over+split+within+PKB&rft.date=2008-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2F06%2F30%2Fgus-dur-meet-yudhoyono-over-split-within-pkb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120323135300/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/indonesia/pkb-still-hopes-for-nahdlatul-ulama-help-to-heal-split/366574">"PKB Still Hopes for Nahdlatul Ulama Help to Heal Split"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Globe" title="Jakarta Globe">Jakarta Globe</a>. 2010-03-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/indonesia/pkb-still-hopes-for-nahdlatul-ulama-help-to-heal-split/366574">the original</a> on 2012-03-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PKB+Still+Hopes+for+Nahdlatul+Ulama+Help+to+Heal+Split&rft.date=2010-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartaglobe.com%2Findonesia%2Fpkb-still-hopes-for-nahdlatul-ulama-help-to-heal-split%2F366574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nu.or.id/page.php?lang=en&menu=news_view&news_id=2208">"NU leaders cannot hold political posts"</a>. Nahdlatul Ulama. 2008-03-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024845/http://www.nu.or.id/page.php?lang=en&menu=news_view&news_id=2208">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NU+leaders+cannot+hold+political+posts&rft.date=2008-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nu.or.id%2Fpage.php%3Flang%3Den%26menu%3Dnews_view%26news_id%3D2208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Nation's largest Muslim group laments 'waning influence' ', <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 20 June 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624120742/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/20/nation%E2%80%99s-largest-muslim-group-laments-%E2%80%98waning-influence%E2%80%99.html">"Nation's largest Muslim group laments 'waning influence' | the Jakarta Post"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/20/nation%E2%80%99s-largest-muslim-group-laments-%E2%80%98waning-influence%E2%80%99.html">the original</a> on 2011-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nation%27s+largest+Muslim+group+laments+%27waning+influence%27+%26%23124%3B+the+Jakarta+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F06%2F20%2Fnation%25E2%2580%2599s-largest-muslim-group-laments-%25E2%2580%2598waning-influence%25E2%2580%2599.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NUWebsite-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NUWebsite_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUWebsite_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">NU Website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahid2014" class="citation news cs1">Shahid, Kunwar Khuldune (10 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/self-defeating-extremes/#sthash.uK8Dp2kh.dpuf">"Self-defeating extremes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Friday_Times" title="The Friday Times">The Friday Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510102134/http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/self-defeating-extremes/#sthash.uK8Dp2kh.dpuf">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Friday+Times&rft.atitle=Self-defeating+extremes&rft.date=2014-10-10&rft.aulast=Shahid&rft.aufirst=Kunwar+Khuldune&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefridaytimes.com%2Ftft%2Fself-defeating-extremes%2F%23sthash.uK8Dp2kh.dpuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208052601/http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/human-rights-news/despite-ban-female-genital-mutilation-widespread-indonesia/">"Despite Ban, Female Genital Mutilation Widespread in Indonesia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Globe" title="Jakarta Globe">Jakarta Globe</a></i>. Jakarta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/human-rights-news/despite-ban-female-genital-mutilation-widespread-indonesia/">the original</a> on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jakarta+Globe&rft.atitle=Despite+Ban%2C+Female+Genital+Mutilation+Widespread+in+Indonesia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjakartaglobe.beritasatu.com%2Fhuman-rights-news%2Fdespite-ban-female-genital-mutilation-widespread-indonesia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/03/01/nu-calls-for-end-to-word-infidels-to-describe-non-muslims.html">"NU calls for end to word 'infidels' to describe non-Muslims"</a>. <i>The Jakarta Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115174942/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/03/01/nu-calls-for-end-to-word-infidels-to-describe-non-muslims.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=NU+calls+for+end+to+word+%27infidels%27+to+describe+non-Muslims&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F03%2F01%2Fnu-calls-for-end-to-word-infidels-to-describe-non-muslims.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediaipnu.or.id/2022/08/susunan-lengkap-kepengurusan-pbnu-2022.html">"Susunan Lengkap Kepengurusan PBNU 2022-2027"</a>. <i>mediaipnu.or.id</i>. 20 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mediaipnu.or.id&rft.atitle=Susunan+Lengkap+Kepengurusan+PBNU+2022-2027&rft.date=2022-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediaipnu.or.id%2F2022%2F08%2Fsusunan-lengkap-kepengurusan-pbnu-2022.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bush2009-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bush2009_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobin_Bush2009" class="citation book cs1">Robin Bush (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ssg0aiSEyy0C&pg=PA59"><i>Nahdlatul Ulama and the Struggle for Power Within Islam and Politics in Indonesia</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-230-876-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-230-876-4"><bdi>978-981-230-876-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220403100334/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ssg0aiSEyy0C&pg=PA59">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nahdlatul+Ulama+and+the+Struggle+for+Power+Within+Islam+and+Politics+in+Indonesia&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-981-230-876-4&rft.au=Robin+Bush&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSsg0aiSEyy0C%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nu.or.id/page.php?lang=en&menu=news_view&news_id=2213">"Kang Said, Mbah Sahal elected to lead NU"</a>. 2008-03-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121453/http://www.nu.or.id/page.php?lang=en&menu=news_view&news_id=2213">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kang+Said%2C+Mbah+Sahal+elected+to+lead+NU&rft.date=2008-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nu.or.id%2Fpage.php%3Flang%3Den%26menu%3Dnews_view%26news_id%3D2213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANahdlatul+Ulama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahdlatul_Ulama&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061006221904/http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/indon/nahdat.html">Nahdlatul Ulama in the UCSM Encyclopaedia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahdlatul_Ulama&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nu.or.id/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686441#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Indonesian)</span> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nu.or.id/lang,en-.phpx">English portal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rmi-nu.or.id/">Rabithah Ma'ahid Islamiyah Nahdltul Ulama, Asosiasi Pesantren Indonesia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pzhgenggong.or.id/">Pondok Pesantren Zainul Hasan Genggong Probolinggo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidogiri.net/">Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri Pasuruan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krapyak.org/">Pondok Pesantren Krapyak Yogyakarta</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-badar.net/">Pondok Pesantren Al-Badar Parepare Sulsel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.langitan.net/">Pondok Pesantren Langitan Jawa Timur</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_Nahdlatul_Ulama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chairperson_of_Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Template:Chairperson of Nahdlatul Ulama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chairperson_of_Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Template talk:Chairperson of Nahdlatul Ulama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chairperson_of_Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chairperson of Nahdlatul Ulama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_Nahdlatul_Ulama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nahdlatul Ulama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasyim_Asy%27ari" title="Hasyim Asy'ari">Hasyim Asy'ari</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926–1947)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahab_Hasbullah" title="Abdul Wahab Hasbullah">Abdul Wahab Hasbullah</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1947–1971)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisri_Syansuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisri Syansuri (page does not exist)">Bisri Syansuri</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972–1980)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Maksum" title="Ali Maksum">Ali Maksum</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1980–1984)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Shiddiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Shiddiq (page does not exist)">Ahmad Shiddiq</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1984–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Yafie" title="Ali Yafie">Ali Yafie</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991–1992)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Ruhiat" title="Ilyas Ruhiat">Ilyas Ruhiat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992–1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahal_Mahfudh" title="Sahal Mahfudh">Sahal Mahfudh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999–2014)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustofa_Bisri" title="Mustofa Bisri">Mustofa Bisri</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014–2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ruf_Amin" title="Ma'ruf Amin">Ma'ruf Amin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miftachul_Akhyar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miftachul Akhyar (page does not exist)">Miftachul Akhyar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chairmen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Gipo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Gipo (page does not exist)">Hasan Gipo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926–1929)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Noor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Noor (page does not exist)">Ahmad Noor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929–1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahfudh_Shiddiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahfudh Shiddiq (page does not exist)">Mahfudh Shiddiq</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937–1944)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahrawi_Tahir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahrawi Tahir (page does not exist)">Nahrawi Tahir</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944–1951)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim" title="Wahid Hasyim">Wahid Hasyim</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1951–1954)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Dahlan_(Indonesian_minister)" title="Muhammad Dahlan (Indonesian minister)">Muhammad Dahlan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1954–1956)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idham_Chalid" title="Idham Chalid">Idham Chalid</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1956–1984)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid" title="Abdurrahman Wahid">Abdurrahman Wahid</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1984–1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasyim_Muzadi" title="Hasyim Muzadi">Hasyim Muzadi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999–2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Aqil_Siradj" title="Said Aqil Siradj">Said Aqil Siradj</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2010–2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Cholil_Staquf" title="Yahya Cholil Staquf">Yahya Cholil Staquf</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ash%27ari" title="Template:Ash'ari"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ash%27ari" title="Template talk:Ash'ari"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ash%27ari" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ash'ari"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ash&#039;ari_school_of_Sunni_theology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Ash'ari school of Sunni theology</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asharis" title="Category:Asharis"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Category</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ash%27aris_and_Maturidis#Ash'aris" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ash'aris and Maturidis"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Ash'ari scholars</span></a><br />(<span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari</a></span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malikis" class="mw-redirect" title="Malikis">Malikis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zayd_al-Qayrawani" title="Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani">Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani</a> (d. 386 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqillani" title="Al-Baqillani">Al-Baqillani</a> (d. 403 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Imran_al-Fasi" title="Abu Imran al-Fasi">Abu Imran al-Fasi</a> (d. 430 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sidah" title="Ibn Sidah">Ibn Sidah</a> (d. 458 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Walid_al-Baji" title="Abu al-Walid al-Baji">Abu al-Walid al-Baji</a> (d. 474 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Turtushi" title="Abu Bakr al-Turtushi">Abu Bakr al-Turtushi</a> (d. 520 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maziri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maziri">Al-Maziri</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Barrajan" title="Ibn Barrajan">Ibn Barrajan</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi" title="Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</a> (d. 543 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Ayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Ayyad">Al-Qadi 'Ayyad</a> (d. 544 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suhayli" title="Al-Suhayli">Al-Suhayli</a> (d. 581 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Qattan" title="Ibn al-Qattan">Ibn al-Qattan</a> (d. 628 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Malik" title="Ibn Malik">Ibn Malik</a> (d. 672 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Qarafi" title="Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi">Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi</a> (d. 684 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Daqiq_al-%27Id" title="Ibn Daqiq al-'Id">Ibn Daqiq al-'Id</a> (d. 702 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ata_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Ata Allah">Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari</a> (d. 709 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Adjurrum" title="Ibn Adjurrum">Ibn Adjurrum</a> (d. 723 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Hajj_al-Abdari" title="Ibn al-Hajj al-Abdari">Ibn al-Hajj al-'Abdari</a> (d. 737 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Juzayy" title="Ibn Juzayy">Ibn Juzayy</a> (d. 741 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_ibn_Ishaq_al-Jundi" title="Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi">Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi</a> (d. 776 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shatibi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi">Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi</a> (d. 790 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Arafa">Ibn 'Arafa</a> (d. 803 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> (d. 808 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Tha%27alibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi</a> (d. 876 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zarruq" title="Ahmad Zarruq">Ahmad Zarruq</a> (d. 899 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wansharisi" title="Ahmad al-Wansharisi">Ahmad al-Wansharisi</a> (d. 914 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Akhdari" title="Al-Akhdari">Al-Akhdari</a> (d. 953 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hattab" title="Al-Hattab">Al-Hattab</a> (d. 954 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Baba_al-Timbukti" title="Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti">Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti</a> (d. 1036 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Mohammed_al-Maqqari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari">Al-Maqqari al-Tilimsani</a> (d. 1041 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Laqani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Laqani">Ibrahim al-Laqani</a> (d. 1041 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mayyara" title="Muhammad Mayyara">Muhammad Mayyara</a> (d. 1072 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ashir" title="Ibn Ashir">Ibn 'Ashir</a> (d. 1090 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_al-Yusi" title="Al-Hasan al-Yusi">Al-Hasan al-Yusi</a> (d. 1102 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Zurqani" title="Muhammad al-Zurqani">Muhammad al-Zurqani</a> (d. 1122 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Dardir" title="Ahmad al-Dardir">Ahmad al-Dardir</a> (d. 1201 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_M%27hamed_Bou_Qobrine" title="Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine">M'Hamed al-Azhari</a> (d. 1208 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_%27Ajiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba">Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba</a> (d. 1224 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Tijani" title="Ahmad al-Tijani">Ahmad al-Tijani</a> (d. 1230 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Arafa_al-Desouki" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki">Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki</a> (d. 1230 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Sanusi" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi">Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Sanusi</a> (d. 1276 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Ilish" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad 'Ilish">Muhammad 'Ilish</a> (d. 1299 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Ghumari" title="Ahmad al-Ghumari">Ahmad al-Ghumari</a> (d. 1380 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Tahir_ibn_Ashur" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur">Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur</a> (d. 1393 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel-Halim_Mahmoud" title="Abdel-Halim Mahmoud">Abdel-Halim Mahmoud</a> (d. 1397 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Metwalli_al-Sha%27rawi" title="Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi">Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi</a> (d. 1419 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Alawi_al-Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki">Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki</a> (d. 1425 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_el-Tayeb" title="Ahmed el-Tayeb">Ahmed el-Tayeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Yusuf" title="Hamza Yusuf">Hamza Yusuf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27is" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'is">Shafi'is</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hibban" title="Ibn Hibban">Ibn Hibban</a> (d. 354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khafif" title="Ibn Khafif">Ibn Khafif</a> (d. 371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Nishapuri" title="Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri">Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri</a> (d. 405 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Ibn Furak</a> (d. 406 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Isfarayini" title="Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini">Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini</a> (d. 418 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tha%27labi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tha'labi">Al-Tha'labi</a> (d. 427 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi">Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi</a> (d. 429 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nu%27aym_al-Isfahani" title="Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani">Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani</a> (d. 430 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Al-Bayhaqi</a> (d. 458 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi">Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi</a> (d. 463 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Al-Qushayri</a> (d. 465 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shirazi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi">Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi</a> (d. 476 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qahir_al-Jurjani" title="Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani">Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani</a> (d. 471 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Al-Juwayni</a> (d. 478 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Raghib_al-Isfahani" title="Al-Raghib al-Isfahani">Al-Raghib al-Isfahani</a> (d. 502 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a> (d. 505 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baghawi" title="Al-Baghawi">Al-Baghawi</a> (d. 516 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Al-Shahrastani</a> (d. 548 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Asakir" title="Ibn Asakir">Ibn 'Asakir</a> (d. 571 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a> (d. 578 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> (d. 606 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Salah" title="Ibn al-Salah">Ibn al-Salah</a> (d. 643 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_ibn_%27Abd_al-Salam" title="Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam">Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam</a> (d. 660 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Al-Nawawi</a> (d. 676 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baydawi">Al-Baydawi</a> (d. 685 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Daqiq_al-%27Id" title="Ibn Daqiq al-'Id">Ibn Daqiq al-'Id</a> (d. 702 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Din_al-Nisapuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri">Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri</a> (d. 728 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Mizzi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi">Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi</a> (d. 742 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a> (d. 756 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Safadi" title="Al-Safadi">Al-Safadi</a> (d. 764 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taj al-Din al-Subki">Taj al-Din al-Subki</a> (d. 771 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Shams al-Din al-Kirmani">Shams al-Din al-Kirmani</a> (d. 786 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zarkashi" title="Al-Zarkashi">Al-Zarkashi</a> (d. 794 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zain_al-Din_al-%27Iraqi" title="Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi">Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi</a> (d. 806 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Haythami" title="Nur al-Din al-Haythami">Nur al-Din al-Haythami</a> (d. 807 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jazari" title="Ibn al-Jazari">Ibn al-Jazari</a> (d. 833 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maqrizi" title="Al-Maqrizi">Al-Maqrizi</a> (d. 845 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani</a> (d. 852 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhawi" title="Al-Sakhawi">Al-Sakhawi</a> (d. 902 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a> (d. 911 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Samhudi" title="Nur al-Din al-Samhudi">Nur al-Din al-Samhudi</a> (d. 911 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_al-Dawani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal al-Din al-Dawani">Jalal al-Din al-Dawani</a> (d. 918 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastallani" title="Al-Qastallani">Al-Qastallani</a> (d. 923 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a> (d. 926 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sha%27rani" title="Al-Sha'rani">Al-Sha'rani</a> (d. 973 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a> (d. 974 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Shirbini" title="Al-Khatib al-Shirbini">Al-Khatib al-Shirbini</a> (d. 977 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Munawi" title="Al-Munawi">Al-Munawi</a> (d. 1031 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah ibn Alawi al-Haddad">'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad</a> (d. 1132 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Attar" title="Hasan al-Attar">Hasan al-Attar</a> (d. 1230 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zayni_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Zayni Dahlan">Ahmad Zayni Dahlan</a> (d. 1304 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Said Nursî">Bediuzzaman Said Nursi</a> (d. 1379 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_al-Qudah" class="mw-redirect" title="Noah al-Qudah">Noah al-Qudah</a> (d. 1432 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Harari" title="Abdullah al-Harari">'Abdallah al-Harari</a> (d. 1432 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Said_Ramadan_al-Bouti" title="Muhammad Said Ramadan al-Bouti">Al-Bouti</a> (d. 1434 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Gomaa" title="Ali Gomaa">Ali Gomaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Jifri" title="Ali al-Jifri">Ali al-Jifri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibril_Haddad" title="Gibril Haddad">Gibril Haddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hanbalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanbalis">Hanbalis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Aqil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Aqil">Ibn 'Aqil</a> (d. 508 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Ibn al-Jawzi">Ibn al-Jawzi</a> (d. 534 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zahiris" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahiris">Zahiris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tumart" title="Ibn Tumart">Ibn Tumart</a> (d. 524 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Mada%27" title="Ibn Mada'">Ibn Mada'</a> (d. 592 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hayyan_al-Andalusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi">Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi</a> (d. 745 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png/150px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png/225px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png/300px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Ash'ari leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Nizam al-Mulk">Nizam al-Mulk</a> (d. 485 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a> (d. 500 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Mu%27min" title="Abd al-Mu'min">'Abd al-Mu'min ibn 'Ali</a> (d. 558 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> (d. 589 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adil_I" title="Al-Adil I">Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub</a> (d. 615 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamil" title="Al-Kamil">Al-Kamil</a> (d. 635 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashraf_Musa,_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus">Al-Ashraf Musa</a> (d. 635 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutuz" title="Qutuz">Qutuz</a> (d. 658 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasir_Muhammad" title="Al-Nasir Muhammad">Al-Nasir ibn Qalawun</a> (d. 741 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_Abdelkader_al-Jazairi" class="mw-redirect" title="Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi">Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi</a> (d. 1300 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Mukhtar" title="Omar al-Mukhtar">Omar al-Mukhtar</a> (d. 1350 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">'Izz al-Din al-Qassam</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_el-Krim" title="Abd el-Krim">Ibn Abdelkarim al-Khattabi</a> (d. 1382 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Al-Muwahhidun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Theology books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabyin_Kadhib_al-Muftari" title="Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari">Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asas_al-Taqdis" title="Asas al-Taqdis">Asas al-Taqdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baz_al-Ashhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baz al-Ashhab">Al-Baz al-Ashhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farq_bayn_al-Firaq" title="Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq">Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Milal_wa_al-Nihal" title="Al-Milal wa al-Nihal">Al-Milal wa al-Nihal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_to_Conclusive_Proofs_for_the_Principles_of_Belief" title="A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief">Al-Irshad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moderation_in_Belief" title="The Moderation in Belief">Al-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sayf_al-Saqil_fi_al-Radd_ala_Ibn_Zafil" title="Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil">Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_international_conference_on_Sunni_Islam_in_Grozny" title="2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny">2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahbash" title="Al-Ahbash">Al-Ahbash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF"><div>Ash'ari-related templates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maturidi" title="Template:Maturidi"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:Orange">Maturidi</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Hanafi</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Maliki</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Shafi'i</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Template:Islamic theology"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Islamic theology</span></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islam_in_Indonesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Template:Islam in Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Islam in Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam in Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islam_in_Indonesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Islam in Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Shia Islam in Indonesia">Shia Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Indonesia" title="Ahmadiyya in Indonesia">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li> <li>Old divisions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abangan" title="Abangan">Abangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyayi" title="Priyayi">Priyayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santri" title="Santri">Santri</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg/60px-Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg/90px-Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg/120px-Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classic era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Arsyad_al-Banjari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari (page does not exist)">Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Arsyad_al-Banjari" class="extiw" title="id:Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nawawi_al-Bantani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nawawi al-Bantani (page does not exist)">Nawawi al-Bantani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawawi_al-Bantani" class="extiw" title="id:Nawawi al-Bantani">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Fansuri" title="Hamzah Fansuri">Hamzah Fansuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Yusuf" title="Sheikh Yusuf">Yusuf al-Makassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malikussaleh" title="Malikussaleh">Malikussaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_al-Khalidi_al-Minangkabawi" title="Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi">Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Misri" title="Abdullah al-Misri">Abdullah al-Misri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padri_War" title="Padri War">Padri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Imam_Bonjol" title="Tuanku Imam Bonjol">Tuanku Imam Bonjol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Rao" title="Tuanku Rao">Tuanku Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Tambusai" title="Tuanku Tambusai">Tuanku Tambusai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Samad_al-Palimbani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdus Samad al-Palimbani (page does not exist)">Abdus Samad al-Palimbani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Samad_al-Palimbani" class="extiw" title="id:Abdus Samad al-Palimbani">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali_Sanga" title="Wali Sanga">Wali Sanga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Ampel" title="Sunan Ampel">Sunan Ampel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Bonang" title="Sunan Bonang">Sunan Bonang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Drajat" title="Sunan Drajat">Sunan Drajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Giri" title="Sunan Giri">Sunan Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Gunung_Jati" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Gunung Jati">Sunan Gunung Jati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Ibrahim" title="Malik Ibrahim">Maulana Malik Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Kalijaga" title="Sunan Kalijaga">Sunan Kalijaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Kudus" title="Sunan Kudus">Sunan Kudus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Murya" title="Sunan Murya">Sunan Murya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rauf_al-Sinkili" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rauf al-Sinkili">Abdurrauf Singkil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mughayat_Syah" title="Ali Mughayat Syah">Ali Mughayat Syah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Nan_Tuo" title="Tuanku Nan Tuo">Tuanku Nan Tuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Ulakan" title="Burhanuddin Ulakan">Burhanuddin Ulakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_bin_Yahya" title="Usman bin Yahya">Usman bin Yahya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National <br />Awakening era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_(ulama)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah Ahmad (ulama)">Abdullah Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_Amrullah" title="Abdul Karim Amrullah">Abdul Karim Amrullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasyim_Asy%27ari" title="Hasyim Asy'ari">Hasyim Asy'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Dahlan">Ahmad Dahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_bin_Jalaluddin" title="Tahir bin Jalaluddin">Tahir bin Jalaluddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jamil_Jambek" title="Muhammad Jamil Jambek">Muhammad Jamil Jambek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Mansoer" title="Mas Mansoer">Mas Mansoer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khatib_al-Minangkabawi" title="Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi">Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Misbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Haji Misbach">Haji Misbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_ar-Rasuli" title="Sulaiman ar-Rasuli">Sulaiman ar-Rasuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Roem" title="Mohammad Roem">Mohammad Roem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasuna_Said" title="Rasuna Said">Rasuna Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim">Agus Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oemar_Said_Tjokroaminoto" title="Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto">Tjokroaminoto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-<br />independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Syafi%27i_Maarif" title="Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif">Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azyumardi_Azra" title="Azyumardi Azra">Azyumardi Azra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_Bashir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakar Bashir">Abu Bakar Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idham_Chalid" title="Idham Chalid">Idham Chalid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djohan_Effendi" title="Djohan Effendi">Djohan Effendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Gymnastiar" title="Abdullah Gymnastiar">Abdullah Gymnastiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamka" title="Hamka">Hamka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim" title="Wahid Hasyim">Wahid Hasyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekarmadji_Maridjan_Kartosoewirjo" title="Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo">Kartosoewirjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurcholish_Madjid" title="Nurcholish Madjid">Nurcholish Madjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Nasution" title="Harun Nasution">Harun Nasution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Natsir" title="Mohammad Natsir">Mohammad Natsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amien_Rais" title="Amien Rais">Amien Rais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rizieq_Shihab" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rizieq Shihab">Muhammad Rizieq Shihab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraish_Shihab" title="Quraish Shihab">Quraish Shihab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ruf_Amin" title="Ma'ruf Amin">Ma'ruf Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Aqil_Siradj" title="Said Aqil Siradj">Said Aqil Siradj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Somad" title="Abdul Somad">Abdul Somad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid" title="Abdurrahman Wahid">Abdurrahman Wahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_bin_Abdul_Qadir_Jawas" title="Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas">Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Luthfi_bin_Yahya" title="Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya">Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkhairaat" title="Alkhairaat">Alkhairaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_Dakwah_Institute" title="Campus Dakwah Institute">Campus Dakwah Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidayatullah_(Islamic_organization)" title="Hidayatullah (Islamic organization)">Hidayatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbut_Tahrir_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia">Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Association_of_Muslim_Intellectuals" title="Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals">Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Institute_of_Islamic_Dawah" title="Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah">Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Islamic_Propagation_Council" title="Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council">Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Mujahedeen_Council" title="Indonesian Mujahedeen Council">Indonesian Mujahedeen Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Ulema_Council" title="Indonesian Ulema Council">Indonesian Ulema Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Irshad_Al-Islamiya" title="Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya">Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Defenders_Front" title="Islamic Defenders Front">Islamic Defenders Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaringan_Islam_Liberal" title="Jaringan Islam Liberal">Liberal Islam Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majelis_Rasulullah" title="Majelis Rasulullah">Majelis Rasulullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammadiyah" title="Muhammadiyah">Muhammadiyah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aisyiyah" title="Aisyiyah">Aisyiyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Students%27_Association_(Indonesia)" title="Muslim Students' Association (Indonesia)">Muslim Students' Association</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nahdlatul Ulama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansor_Youth_Movement" title="Ansor Youth Movement">GP Ansor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam%27iyyah_Ahlith_Thariqah_al-Mu%27tabarah_an-Nahdliyyah" title="Jam'iyyah Ahlith Thariqah al-Mu'tabarah an-Nahdliyyah">JATMAN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahdlatul_Wathan" title="Nahdlatul Wathan">Nahdlatul Wathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PERSIS_(organization)" title="PERSIS (organization)">PERSIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Education_Movement" title="Islamic Education Movement">PERTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rabithah_al-Alawiyyah" title="Al-Rabithah al-Alawiyyah">Rabithah Alawiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarekat_Islam" title="Sarekat Islam">Sarekat Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatera_Thawalib" title="Sumatera Thawalib">Sumatera Thawalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahdah_Islamiyah" title="Wahdah Islamiyah">Wahdah Islamiyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Star_Party_(Indonesia)" title="Crescent Star Party (Indonesia)">Crescent Star Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Nahdlatul_Community_Party" title="Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party">Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masyumi_Party" title="Masyumi Party">Masyumi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Awakening_Party" title="National Awakening Party">National Awakening Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mandate_Party" title="National Mandate Party">National Mandate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperous_Justice_Party" title="Prosperous Justice Party">Prosperous Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummah_Party" title="Ummah Party">Ummah Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Development_Party" title="United Development Party">United Development Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Militia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banser" title="Banser">Banser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Islam_(Indonesia)" title="Darul Islam (Indonesia)">Darul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaah_Ansharut_Tauhid" title="Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid">Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaah_Islamiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaah Islamiyah">Jamaah Islamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laskar_Jihad" title="Laskar Jihad">Laskar Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahidin_Indonesia_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujahidin Indonesia Timur">Mujahidin Indonesia Timur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-<br />independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Spread of Islam in Indonesia">Spread of Islam in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_embassy_to_Aceh" title="Ottoman embassy to Aceh">Ottoman embassy to Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali_Sanga" title="Wali Sanga">Wali Sanga</a></li> <li>Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demak_Sultanate" title="Demak Sultanate">Demak Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaimana" title="Kingdom of Kaimana">Kingdom of Kaimana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowa_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowa Sultanate">Gowa Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mataram_Sultanate" title="Mataram Sultanate">Mataram Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate" title="Samudera Pasai Sultanate">Samudera Pasai Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate" title="Sultanate of Ternate">Ternate Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Tidore" title="Sultanate of Tidore">Tidore Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Sultanate" title="Yogyakarta Sultanate">Yogyakarta Sultanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padri_War" title="Padri War">Padri War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-<br />independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Charter" title="Jakarta Charter">Jakarta Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petition_of_Fifty" title="Petition of Fifty">Petition of Fifty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Priok_massacre" title="Tanjung Priok massacre">Tanjung Priok massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talangsari_incident" title="Talangsari incident">Talangsari incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Aceh" title="Insurgency in Aceh">Insurgency in Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_sectarian_conflict" title="Maluku sectarian conflict">Maluku sectarian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poso_riots" title="Poso riots">Poso riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatwa_on_Religious_Pluralism,_Liberalism,_and_Secularism" title="Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism">Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Madago_Raya" title="Operation Madago Raya">Operation Tinombala / Madago Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Jakarta_protests" title="December 2016 Jakarta protests">December 2016 Jakarta protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adat" title="Adat">Adat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_architecture_in_Indonesia" title="Mosque architecture in Indonesia">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedug" title="Bedug">Bedug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajug" title="Tajug">Tajug</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Babad_Tanah_Jawi" title="Babad Tanah Jawi">Babad Tanah Jawi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia#Clothing" title="Islam in Indonesia">Costumes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kupiah" title="Kupiah">Kupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkok" title="Songkok">Songkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">Sarong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Hadroh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khaul (page does not exist)">Khaul</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haul_(Islam)" class="extiw" title="id:Haul (Islam)">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauman" title="Kauman">Kauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebaran" title="Lebaran">Lebaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaqib" title="Manaqib">Manakiban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Maulid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Indonesia" title="List of mosques in Indonesia">Mosques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istiqlal_Mosque,_Jakarta" title="Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta">Istiqlal Mosque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musabaqah_Tilawatil_Quran" title="Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran">Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia#Qasidah_modern" title="Music of Indonesia">Qasidah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebana" title="Rebana">Rebana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salawat" title="Salawat">Sholawatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman_(dance)" title="Saman (dance)">Saman</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Banten" title="Sejarah Banten">Sejarah Banten</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekaten" title="Sekaten">Sekaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serak_Gulo" title="Serak Gulo">Serak Gulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slametan" title="Slametan">Slametan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suroan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suroan (page does not exist)">Suroan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suroan" class="extiw" title="id:Suroan">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suronan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suronan (page does not exist)">Suronan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_Suronan" class="extiw" title="id:Festival Suronan">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabligh_Akbar" title="Tabligh Akbar">Tabligh Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabuik" title="Tabuik">Tabuik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahlil" title="Tahlil">Tahlilan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takbiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takbiran (page does not exist)">Takbiran</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takbiran" class="extiw" title="id:Takbiran">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausiyah" title="Tausiyah">Tausiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirakatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tirakatan (page does not exist)">Tirakatan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirakat" class="extiw" title="id:Tirakat">id</a>]</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tombo_Ati" title="Tombo Ati">Tombo Ati</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetu_Telu" title="Wetu Telu">Wetu Telu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqowiyu" title="Yaqowiyu">Yaqowiyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya-Sin" title="Ya-Sin">Yasinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Munir" title="Al-Munir">Al-Munir</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqro" title="Iqro">Iqro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Kheir" title="Jamiat Kheir">Jamiat Kheir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_kuning" title="Kitab kuning">Kitab kuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_santri" title="Kota santri">Kota santri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyai" title="Kyai">Kyai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIPIA" title="LIPIA">LIPIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesantren" title="Pesantren">Pesantren</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_Al-Mishbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafsir Al-Mishbah">Tafsir Al-Mishbah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Nusantara" title="Islam Nusantara">Islam Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Yes,_Islamic_Party_No" title="Islam Yes, Islamic Party No">Islam Yes, Islamic Party No</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_law_in_Aceh" title="Islamic criminal law in Aceh">Islamic criminal law in Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Jama’ah Tabligh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Tarbiyah" title="Jemaah Tarbiyah">Jemaah Tarbiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(Islam_in_Indonesia)" title="Modernism (Islam in Indonesia)">Modernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(Islam_in_Indonesia)" title="Traditionalism (Islam in Indonesia)">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Aceh" title="Islam in Aceh">Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_West_Sumatra" title="Islam in West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_East_Java" title="Islam in East Java">East Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Central_Sulawesi" title="Islam in Central Sulawesi">Central Sulawesi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mosques_in_Indonesia" title="Template:Mosques in Indonesia">Mosques in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Indonesia" title="Template:History of Indonesia">History of Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" title="Template:National Heroes of Indonesia">National Heroes of Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Development_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Development_Party" title="Template:United Development Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Development_Party" title="Template talk:United Development Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Development_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Development Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Development_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Development_Party" title="United Development Party">United Development Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organization of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">Organization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaaba_Youth_Movement" title="Kaaba Youth Movement">Kaaba Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaaba_Youth_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaaba Youth Forces (page does not exist)">Kaaba Youth Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Generation_of_Indonesian_Development" title="Young Generation of Indonesian Development">Young Generation of Indonesian Development</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indonesian_Muslim_Brotherhood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indonesian Muslim Brotherhood (page does not exist)">Indonesian Muslim Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muktamar_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muktamar of the United Development Party (page does not exist)"><i>Muktamar</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Muktamar_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Muktamar of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">1st (1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Muktamar_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Muktamar of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">2nd (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Muktamar_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Muktamar of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">3rd (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Muktamar_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4th Muktamar of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">4th (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Muktamar_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Muktamar of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">5th (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Muktamar_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Muktamar of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">6th (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Muktamar_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Muktamar of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">7th (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Muktamar_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Muktamar of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">8th (2014)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukernas_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mukernas of the United Development Party (page does not exist)"><i>Mukernas</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Mukernas_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Mukernas of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">1st (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Mukernas_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Mukernas of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">2nd (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Mukernas_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Mukernas of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">3rd (2018)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Party leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_United_Development_Party" title="Chairman of the United Development Party">Chairman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Syafaat_Mintaredja" title="Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja">Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja</a> (1973–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jailani_Naro" title="Jailani Naro">Jailani Naro</a> (1978–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Hasan_Metareum" title="Ismail Hasan Metareum">Ismail Hasan Metareum</a> (1989–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Haz" title="Hamzah Haz">Hamzah Haz</a> (1998–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suryadharma_Ali" title="Suryadharma Ali">Suryadharma Ali</a> (2007–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Romahurmuziy" title="Muhammad Romahurmuziy">Muhammad Romahurmuziy</a> (2016–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharso_Monoarfa" title="Suharso Monoarfa">Suharso Monoarfa</a> (2019–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhamad_Mardiono" title="Muhamad Mardiono">Muhamad Mardiono</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Secretary_of_the_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Secretary of the United Development Party (page does not exist)">General Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yahya_Ubeid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahya Ubeid (page does not exist)">Yahya Ubeid</a> (1973–1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mardinsyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mardinsyah (page does not exist)">Mardinsyah</a> (1984–1989)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matori_Abdul_Djalil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matori Abdul Djalil (page does not exist)">Matori Abdul Djalil</a> (1989–1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tosari_Widjaja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tosari Widjaja (page does not exist)">Tosari Widjaja</a> (1994–1998)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimarwan_Hanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alimarwan Hanan (page does not exist)">Alimarwan Hanan</a> (1998–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunus_Yosfiah" title="Yunus Yosfiah">Yunus Yosfiah</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irgan_Chairul_Mahfiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irgan Chairul Mahfiz (page does not exist)">Irgan Chairul Mahfiz</a> (2007–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Romahurmuziy" title="Muhammad Romahurmuziy">Muhammad Romahurmuziy</a> (2011–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsul_Sani" title="Arsul Sani">Arsul Sani</a> (2016–2021)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arwani_Thomafi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arwani Thomafi (page does not exist)">Arwani Thomafi</a> (2021–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Merger</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nahdlatul Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Islamic_Union_Party" title="Indonesian Islamic Union Party">PSII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Education_Movement" title="Islamic Education Movement">Perti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmusi" title="Parmusi">Parmusi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unity_Party_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unity Party (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">Unity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulema_National_Awakening_Party" title="Ulema National Awakening Party">Ulema National Awakening Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Star_Party" title="Reform Star Party">Reform Star Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Awakening_Party" title="National Awakening Party">National Awakening Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mandate_Party" title="National Mandate Party">National Mandate Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of United Development Party (page does not exist)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Factions_of_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Factions of United Development Party (page does not exist)">Party factions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of United Development Party (page does not exist)">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conflicts_of_United_Development_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conflicts of United Development Party (page does not exist)">Conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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