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Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:V%C3%ADno" title="Portál:Víno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portál:Víno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Wein" title="Portal:Wein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Wein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Vino" title="Portal:Vino – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portal:Vino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Vigne_et_vin" title="Portail:Vigne et vin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Vigne et vin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%ED%8F%AC%EB%8F%84%EC%A3%BC" title="포털:포도주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포털:포도주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Vinho" title="Portal:Vinho – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:Vinho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purtali:Vinu" title="Purtali:Vinu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Purtali:Vinu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="portal-maintenance-status" style="display:none;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/30px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/45px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/60px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><span style="font-size:108%;"><b>Portal maintenance status:</b></span> <small>(May 2020)</small> <ul><li>This portal's <a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:Wine/" title="Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:Wine/">subpages</a> <b>have been checked</b> by an editor, and are needed.</li></ul> <span style="font-size:90%;">Please <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CAREFUL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CAREFUL">take care</a> when editing, especially if using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ASSISTED" 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.portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:inherit;width:inherit}}</style> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia portal for content related to wine</div> <div style="font-size:85%;"><span class="anchor" id="portals-browsebar"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Philosophy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Religion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <div style="background:#FFCCD9; border:1px ridge #D98298; border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75);; padding:8px; margin-top:3px;"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AWine%2FIntro&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="The_Wine_Portal" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><big>The Wine Portal</big></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F7;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corks019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Corks019.jpg/220px-Corks019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Corks019.jpg/330px-Corks019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Corks019.jpg/440px-Corks019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wine_cork" title="Wine cork">Wine corks</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C17WineBottle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/C17WineBottle.JPG/102px-C17WineBottle.JPG" decoding="async" width="102" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/C17WineBottle.JPG/153px-C17WineBottle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/C17WineBottle.JPG/204px-C17WineBottle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>A Dutch <a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">wine bottle</a> made in the 17th century, at The <a href="/wiki/The_Higgins_Art_Gallery_%26_Museum" title="The Higgins Art Gallery & Museum">The Higgins Art Gallery & Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="P:WINE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:WINE&redirect=no">P:WINE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></b> is an <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic beverage</a> made from <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (wine)">fermentation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grape</a> <a href="/wiki/Juice" title="Juice">juice</a>. The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a>, or other <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrients</a>. Although fruits other than grapes can also be fermented, the resultant wines are normally named after the fruit from which they are produced (for example, <a href="/wiki/Apfelwein" title="Apfelwein">apple wine</a>) and are known as <a href="/wiki/Fruit_wine" title="Fruit wine">fruit wine</a> (or country wine). Others, such as <a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">barley wine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">rice wine</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">sake</a>), are made from <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a>-based materials and resemble <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> more than wine; <a href="/wiki/Ginger_wine" title="Ginger wine">ginger wine</a> is <a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">fortified</a> with <a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">brandy</a>. In these cases, the use of the term "wine" is a reference to the higher alcohol content, rather than the production process. The commercial use of the word "wine" (and its equivalent in other languages) is protected by law in many <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdictions</a>. Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> which consume the sugars found in the grapes and convert them into <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a>. Various varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the types of wine produced. </p><p>Wine stems from an extended and rich history dating back about 8,000 years and is thought to have originated in present-day <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Wine is thought to have appeared in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> about 6,500 years ago in present-day <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and was very common in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Greek god</a> <a href="/wiki/Dionysos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysos">Dionysos</a>, and his <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman</a> counterpart <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Liber</a> represented wine. Wine continues to play a role in religious ceremonies, such as <a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Kiddush</a> in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. <b>(<a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Full article...</a>)</b> </p><p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Wine&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>View new selections below</b> (purge)</span></a></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996214246">.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{clear:both;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{float:left;width:50%;min-width:360px;padding:0 0.5em;box-sizing:border-box;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}@media screen and (max-width:393px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{min-width:0}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:first-child{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:last-child{padding-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div{flex:1 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div.flex-columns-noflex{flex:0}</style><div class="flex-columns-container"><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_articles_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected articles - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Wine&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F7;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="font-size:105%;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r987512734">.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(1){padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:nth-child(n/**/+2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox,.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox div{width:100%!important;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:not(.gallerycarousel)>div>div:nth-child(1){display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 Jesus depicted transforming water into wine. Maerten de Vos, The Marriage at Cana, c. 1597, Cathedral of our Lady, Antwerp, Belgium. Alcoholic beverages appear in the Hebrew Bible, after Noah planted a vineyard and became inebriated. In the New Testament, Jesus miraculously made copious amounts of wine at the wedding at Cana (John 2). Wine is the most common alcoholic beverage mentioned in biblical literature, where it is a source of symbolism, and was an important part of daily life in biblical times. Additionally, the inhabitants of ancient Israel drank beer and wines made from fruits other than grapes, and references to these appear in scripture. However, the alcohol content of ancient alcoholic beverages was significantly lower than modern alcoholic beverages. The low alcohol content was due to the limitations of fermentation and the nonexistence of distillation methods in the ancient world. Rabbinic teachers wrote acceptance criteria on consumability of ancient alcoholic beverages after significant dilution with water, and prohibited undiluted wine. In the early 19th century the temperance movement began. Evangelical Christians became prominent in this movement, and while previously almost all Christians had a much more relaxed attitude to alcohol, today many evangelical Christians abstain from alcohol. Bible verses would be interpreted in a way that encouraged abstinence, for example 1 Corinthians 10:21, which states, "You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons too..." (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 Jesus depicted transforming water into wine. Maerten de Vos, The Marriage at Cana, c. 1597, Cathedral of our Lady, Antwerp, Belgium. Alcoholic beverages appear in the Hebrew Bible, after Noah planted a vineyard and became inebriated. In the New Testament, Jesus miraculously made copious amounts of wine at the wedding at Cana (John 2). Wine is the most common alcoholic beverage mentioned in biblical literature, where it is a source of symbolism, and was an important part of daily life in biblical times. Additionally, the inhabitants of ancient Israel drank beer and wines made from fruits other than grapes, and references to these appear in scripture. However, the alcohol content of ancient alcoholic beverages was significantly lower than modern alcoholic beverages. The low alcohol content was due to the limitations of fermentation and the nonexistence of distillation methods in the ancient world. Rabbinic teachers wrote acceptance criteria on consumability of ancient alcoholic beverages after significant dilution with water, and prohibited undiluted wine. In the early 19th century the temperance movement began. Evangelical Christians became prominent in this movement, and while previously almost all Christians had a much more relaxed attitude to alcohol, today many evangelical Christians abstain from alcohol. Bible verses would be interpreted in a way that encouraged abstinence, for example 1 Corinthians 10:21, which states, "You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons too..." (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marten_de_Vos_Cana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Marten_de_Vos_Cana.jpg/300px-Marten_de_Vos_Cana.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Marten_de_Vos_Cana.jpg/450px-Marten_de_Vos_Cana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Marten_de_Vos_Cana.jpg/600px-Marten_de_Vos_Cana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="1127" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> depicted <a href="/wiki/Marriage_at_Cana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage at Cana">transforming water into wine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maerten_de_Vos" title="Maerten de Vos">Maerten de Vos</a>, <i>The Marriage at Cana</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1597</span>, <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_(Antwerp)" title="Cathedral of Our Lady (Antwerp)">Cathedral of our Lady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, Belgium.</figcaption></figure><br /><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverages</a> appear in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> planted a vineyard and became inebriated. In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> miraculously made copious amounts of wine at the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_at_Cana" title="Wedding at Cana">wedding at Cana</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_2" title="John 2">John 2</a>). Wine is the most common alcoholic beverage mentioned in biblical literature, where it is a source of symbolism, and was an important part of daily life in biblical times. Additionally, the inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Eretz_Yisrael" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretz Yisrael">ancient Israel</a> drank beer and wines made from fruits other than grapes, and references to these appear in scripture. However, the <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol content</a> of ancient alcoholic beverages was significantly lower than modern alcoholic beverages. The low alcohol content was due to the limitations of fermentation and the nonexistence of distillation methods in the ancient world. Rabbinic teachers wrote acceptance criteria on consumability of ancient alcoholic beverages after significant dilution with water, and prohibited undiluted wine.<br /><br />In the early 19th century the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperance Movement">temperance movement</a> began. Evangelical Christians became prominent in this movement, and while previously almost all Christians had a much more relaxed attitude to alcohol, today many evangelical Christians abstain from alcohol. Bible verses would be interpreted in a way that encouraged abstinence, for example <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#10:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 10:21</a>, which states, "You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons too..." (<b><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_the_Bible" title="Alcohol in the Bible">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 Gamay is a purple-colored grape variety used to make red wines, most notably grown in Beaujolais and in the Loire Valley around Tours. Its full name is Gamay Noir à Jus Blanc. It is a very old cultivar, mentioned as long ago as the 15th century. It has been often cultivated because it makes for abundant production; however, it can produce wines of distinction when planted on acidic soils, which help to soften the grape's naturally high acidity. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 Gamay is a purple-colored grape variety used to make red wines, most notably grown in Beaujolais and in the Loire Valley around Tours. Its full name is Gamay Noir à Jus Blanc. It is a very old cultivar, mentioned as long ago as the 15th century. It has been often cultivated because it makes for abundant production; however, it can produce wines of distinction when planted on acidic soils, which help to soften the grape's naturally high acidity. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gamay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gamay.jpg/220px-Gamay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gamay.jpg/330px-Gamay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gamay.jpg/440px-Gamay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Gamay" title="Gamay">Gamay</a></b> is a purple-colored <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grape</a> variety used to make <a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">red wines</a>, most notably grown in <a href="/wiki/Beaujolais" title="Beaujolais">Beaujolais</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley_(wine)" title="Loire Valley (wine)">Loire Valley</a> around <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a>. Its full name is Gamay Noir à Jus Blanc. It is a very old <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivar</a>, mentioned as long ago as the 15th century. It has been often cultivated because it makes for abundant production; however, it can produce wines of distinction when planted on acidic soils, which help to soften the grape's naturally high acidity. (<b><a href="/wiki/Gamay" title="Gamay">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 The wine shelf at Saltbox The Australian wine industry is one of the world's largest exporters of wine, with approximately 800 million out of the 1.2 to 1.3 billion litres produced annually exported to overseas markets. The wine industry is a significant contributor to the Australian economy through production, employment, export, and tourism. There is a $3.5 billion domestic market for Australian wines, with Australians consuming approximately 500 million litres annually. Norfolk Islanders are the second biggest per capita wine consumers in the world with 54 litres. Only 16.6% of wine sold domestically is imported. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 The wine shelf at Saltbox The Australian wine industry is one of the world's largest exporters of wine, with approximately 800 million out of the 1.2 to 1.3 billion litres produced annually exported to overseas markets. The wine industry is a significant contributor to the Australian economy through production, employment, export, and tourism. There is a $3.5 billion domestic market for Australian wines, with Australians consuming approximately 500 million litres annually. Norfolk Islanders are the second biggest per capita wine consumers in the world with 54 litres. Only 16.6% of wine sold domestically is imported. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Wine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Australian_Wine.jpg/220px-Australian_Wine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Australian_Wine.jpg/330px-Australian_Wine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Australian_Wine.jpg/440px-Australian_Wine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The wine shelf at Saltbox</figcaption></figure><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Australian_wine" title="Australian wine">Australian wine</a></b> industry is one of the world's largest exporters of wine, with approximately 800 million out of the 1.2 to 1.3 billion litres produced annually exported to overseas markets. The wine industry is a significant contributor to the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Australian economy</a> through production, employment, export, and tourism.<br /><br />There is a $3.5 billion domestic market for Australian wines, with Australians consuming approximately 500 million litres annually. <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Islanders</a> are the second biggest per capita wine consumers in the world with 54 litres. Only 16.6% of wine sold domestically is imported. (<b><a href="/wiki/Australian_wine" title="Australian wine">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Grapevine from Yanghai, said to be the ancestor of wine in China. Turpan Museum. Wine (Chinese: 葡萄酒 pútáojiǔ lit. "grape alcohol") has a long history in China. Although long overshadowed by huangjiu (sometimes translated as "yellow wine") and the much stronger distilled spirit baijiu, wine consumption has grown dramatically since the economic reforms of the 1980s. China is now numbered among the top ten global markets for wine. Ties with French producers are especially strong, and Ningxia wines have received international recognition. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 Grapevine from Yanghai, said to be the ancestor of wine in China. Turpan Museum. Wine (Chinese: 葡萄酒 pútáojiǔ lit. "grape alcohol") has a long history in China. Although long overshadowed by huangjiu (sometimes translated as "yellow wine") and the much stronger distilled spirit baijiu, wine consumption has grown dramatically since the economic reforms of the 1980s. China is now numbered among the top ten global markets for wine. Ties with French producers are especially strong, and Ningxia wines have received international recognition. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E6%97%A9%E7%9A%84%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E8%97%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E6%97%A9%E7%9A%84%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E8%97%A4.jpg/440px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E6%97%A9%E7%9A%84%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E8%97%A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E6%97%A9%E7%9A%84%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E8%97%A4.jpg/660px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E6%97%A9%E7%9A%84%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E8%97%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E6%97%A9%E7%9A%84%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E8%97%A4.jpg/880px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E6%97%A9%E7%9A%84%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E8%97%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3913" data-file-height="1378" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grapevine" class="mw-redirect" title="Grapevine">Grapevine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Yanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanghai">Yanghai</a>, said to be the ancestor of wine in China. <a href="/wiki/Turpan_Museum" title="Turpan Museum">Turpan Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:葡萄酒">葡萄酒</a></span></span> <i>pútáojiǔ</i> <small>lit.</small> "grape alcohol") has a long history in China. Although long overshadowed by <i><a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">huangjiu</a></i> (sometimes translated as "yellow wine") and the much stronger distilled spirit <i><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">baijiu</a></i>, wine consumption has grown dramatically since the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese economic reforms">economic reforms</a> of the 1980s. China is now numbered among the top ten global markets for wine. Ties with <a href="/wiki/French_wine" title="French wine">French</a> producers are especially strong, and <a href="/wiki/Ningxia_wine" title="Ningxia wine">Ningxia wines</a> have received international recognition. (<b><a href="/wiki/Wine_in_China" title="Wine in China">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 A glass of Champagne exhibiting the characteristic bubbles associated with the wine Champagne (/ʃæmˈpeɪn/; French: [ʃɑ̃paɲ] ⓘ) is a sparkling wine originated and produced in the Champagne wine region of France under the rules of the appellation, which demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, specific grape-pressing methods and secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to cause carbonation. The grapes Pinot noir, Pinot meunier, and Chardonnay are used to produce almost all Champagne, but small amounts of Pinot blanc, Pinot gris (called Fromenteau in Champagne), Arbane, and Petit Meslier are vinified as well. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 A glass of Champagne exhibiting the characteristic bubbles associated with the wine Champagne (/ʃæmˈpeɪn/; French: [ʃɑ̃paɲ] ⓘ) is a sparkling wine originated and produced in the Champagne wine region of France under the rules of the appellation, which demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, specific grape-pressing methods and secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to cause carbonation. The grapes Pinot noir, Pinot meunier, and Chardonnay are used to produce almost all Champagne, but small amounts of Pinot blanc, Pinot gris (called Fromenteau in Champagne), Arbane, and Petit Meslier are vinified as well. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glass_of_champagne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Glass_of_champagne.jpg/220px-Glass_of_champagne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Glass_of_champagne.jpg/330px-Glass_of_champagne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Glass_of_champagne.jpg/440px-Glass_of_champagne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A glass of Champagne exhibiting the characteristic <a href="/wiki/Liquid_bubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid bubble">bubbles</a> associated with the wine</figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Champagne" title="Champagne">Champagne</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʃɑ̃paɲ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b5\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mathieu_Kappler-Champagne.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mathieu_Kappler-Champagne.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Mathieu Kappler-Champagne.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mathieu_Kappler-Champagne.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mathieu_Kappler-Champagne.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Mathieu_Kappler-Champagne.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Mathieu Kappler-Champagne.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">sparkling wine</a> originated and produced in the <a href="/wiki/Champagne_wine_region" title="Champagne wine region">Champagne wine region</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> under the rules of the <a href="/wiki/Appellation" title="Appellation">appellation</a>, which demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, specific grape-pressing methods and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_fermentation_(wine)" title="Secondary fermentation (wine)">secondary fermentation</a> of the wine in the bottle to cause <a href="/wiki/Carbonation" title="Carbonation">carbonation</a>. <br />The grapes <a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinot_meunier" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinot meunier">Pinot meunier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a> are used to produce almost all Champagne, but small amounts of <a href="/wiki/Pinot_blanc" title="Pinot blanc">Pinot blanc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinot_gris" title="Pinot gris">Pinot gris</a> (called Fromenteau in Champagne), <a href="/wiki/Arbane" title="Arbane">Arbane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Petit_Meslier" title="Petit Meslier">Petit Meslier</a> are vinified as well. (<b><a href="/wiki/Champagne" title="Champagne">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 The entrance of Robert Mondavi Winery. Robert Gerald Mondavi (June 18, 1913 – May 16, 2008) was an American winemaker. His technical and marketing strategies brought worldwide recognition for the wines of the Napa Valley in California. From an early period, Mondavi promoted labeling wines varietally rather than generically, which became the standard for New World wines. The Robert Mondavi Institute (RMI) for Wine and Food Science at the University of California, Davis opened in October 2008 in his honor. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 The entrance of Robert Mondavi Winery. Robert Gerald Mondavi (June 18, 1913 – May 16, 2008) was an American winemaker. His technical and marketing strategies brought worldwide recognition for the wines of the Napa Valley in California. From an early period, Mondavi promoted labeling wines varietally rather than generically, which became the standard for New World wines. The Robert Mondavi Institute (RMI) for Wine and Food Science at the University of California, Davis opened in October 2008 in his honor. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Mondavi_entrance_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Robert_Mondavi_entrance_closeup.jpg/250px-Robert_Mondavi_entrance_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Robert_Mondavi_entrance_closeup.jpg/375px-Robert_Mondavi_entrance_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Robert_Mondavi_entrance_closeup.jpg/500px-Robert_Mondavi_entrance_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>The entrance of Robert Mondavi Winery.</figcaption></figure><br /><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mondavi" title="Robert Mondavi">Robert Gerald Mondavi</a></b> (June 18, 1913 – May 16, 2008) was an American <a href="/wiki/Winemaker" title="Winemaker">winemaker</a>. His technical and marketing strategies brought worldwide recognition for the <a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">wines</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Napa_Valley_AVA" title="Napa Valley AVA">Napa Valley</a> in California. From an early period, Mondavi promoted labeling wines <a href="/wiki/Varietal" title="Varietal">varietally</a> rather than generically, which became the standard for <a href="/wiki/New_World_wines" class="mw-redirect" title="New World wines">New World wines</a>. The Robert Mondavi Institute (RMI) for Wine and Food Science at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a> opened in October 2008 in his honor. (<b><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mondavi" title="Robert Mondavi">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 Burgundy wine (French: Bourgogne or vin de Bourgogne) is made in the Burgundy region of eastern France, in the valleys and slopes west of the Saône, a tributary of the Rhône. The most famous wines produced here, and those commonly referred to as "Burgundies", are dry red wines made from pinot noir grapes and white wines made from chardonnay grapes. Red and white wines are also made from other grape varieties, such as gamay and aligoté, respectively. Small amounts of rosé and sparkling wines are also produced in the region. Chardonnay-dominated Chablis and gamay-dominated Beaujolais are recognised as part of the Burgundy wine region, but wines from those subregions are usually referred to by their own names rather than as "Burgundy wines". (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 Burgundy wine (French: Bourgogne or vin de Bourgogne) is made in the Burgundy region of eastern France, in the valleys and slopes west of the Saône, a tributary of the Rhône. The most famous wines produced here, and those commonly referred to as "Burgundies", are dry red wines made from pinot noir grapes and white wines made from chardonnay grapes. Red and white wines are also made from other grape varieties, such as gamay and aligoté, respectively. Small amounts of rosé and sparkling wines are also produced in the region. Chardonnay-dominated Chablis and gamay-dominated Beaujolais are recognised as part of the Burgundy wine region, but wines from those subregions are usually referred to by their own names rather than as "Burgundy wines". (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vignobles_bourgogne-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vignobles_bourgogne-fr.svg/220px-Vignobles_bourgogne-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vignobles_bourgogne-fr.svg/330px-Vignobles_bourgogne-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vignobles_bourgogne-fr.svg/440px-Vignobles_bourgogne-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Burgundy_wine" title="Burgundy wine">Burgundy wine</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Bourgogne</i> or <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">vin de Bourgogne</i></span></i>) is made in the <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a> region of eastern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, in the valleys and slopes west of the <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Saône">Saône</a>, a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>. The most famous wines produced here, and those commonly referred to as "Burgundies", are <a href="/wiki/Dry_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry (wine)">dry</a> red wines made from <a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">pinot noir</a> grapes and white wines made from <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">chardonnay</a> grapes.<br /><br />Red and white wines are also made from other grape varieties, such as <a href="/wiki/Gamay" title="Gamay">gamay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aligot%C3%A9" title="Aligoté">aligoté</a>, respectively. Small amounts of rosé and <a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">sparkling wines</a> are also produced in the region. Chardonnay-dominated <a href="/wiki/Chablis_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chablis (wine)">Chablis</a> and gamay-dominated <a href="/wiki/Beaujolais_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaujolais wine">Beaujolais</a> are recognised as part of the Burgundy wine region, but wines from those subregions are usually referred to by their own names rather than as "Burgundy wines". (<b><a href="/wiki/Burgundy_wine" title="Burgundy wine">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Through their extensive maritime trade network, the Phoenicians played a significant role in spreading viticulture and winemaking throughout the Mediterranean basin. The culture of the ancient Phoenicians was one of the first to have had a significant effect on the history of wine. Phoenicia was a civilization centered in current day Lebanon. Between 1550 BC and 300 BC, the Phoenicians developed a maritime trading culture that expanded their influence from the Levant to North Africa, the Greek Isles, Sicily, and the Iberian Peninsula. Through contact and trade, they spread not only their alphabet but also their knowledge of viticulture and winemaking, including the propagation of several ancestral varieties of the Vitis vinifera species of wine grapes. They either introduced or encouraged the dissemination of wine knowledge to several regions that today continue to produce wine suitable for international consumption. These include modern-day Lebanon, Syria, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Spain, France, and Portugal. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 Through their extensive maritime trade network, the Phoenicians played a significant role in spreading viticulture and winemaking throughout the Mediterranean basin. The culture of the ancient Phoenicians was one of the first to have had a significant effect on the history of wine. Phoenicia was a civilization centered in current day Lebanon. Between 1550 BC and 300 BC, the Phoenicians developed a maritime trading culture that expanded their influence from the Levant to North Africa, the Greek Isles, Sicily, and the Iberian Peninsula. Through contact and trade, they spread not only their alphabet but also their knowledge of viticulture and winemaking, including the propagation of several ancestral varieties of the Vitis vinifera species of wine grapes. They either introduced or encouraged the dissemination of wine knowledge to several regions that today continue to produce wine suitable for international consumption. These include modern-day Lebanon, Syria, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Spain, France, and Portugal. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PhoenicianTrade_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PhoenicianTrade_EN.svg/300px-PhoenicianTrade_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PhoenicianTrade_EN.svg/450px-PhoenicianTrade_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PhoenicianTrade_EN.svg/600px-PhoenicianTrade_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Through their extensive maritime trade network, the Phoenicians played a significant role in spreading viticulture and winemaking throughout the Mediterranean basin.</figcaption></figure><br />The culture of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a> was one of the first to have had a significant effect on the history of wine. Phoenicia was a civilization centered in current day <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>. Between 1550 BC and 300 BC, the Phoenicians developed a <a href="/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">maritime trading culture</a> that expanded their influence from the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> to <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Isles">Greek Isles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. Through contact and trade, they spread not only their <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_alphabet#Semitic_alphabet" title="History of the alphabet">alphabet</a> but also their knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a>, including the propagation of several ancestral varieties of the <i><a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a></i> species of <a href="/wiki/Wine_grapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine grapes">wine grapes</a>.<br /><br />They either introduced or encouraged the dissemination of wine knowledge to several regions that today continue to produce wine suitable for international consumption. These include modern-day <a href="/wiki/Lebanon_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanon (wine)">Lebanon</a>, Syria, <a href="/wiki/Algeria_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Algeria (wine)">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (wine)">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greece (wine)">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italy (wine)">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain (wine)">Spain</a>, France, and <a href="/wiki/Portugal_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal (wine)">Portugal</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicians_and_wine" title="Phoenicians and wine">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 A cluster of Chenin blanc grapes Chenin blanc (known also as Pineau de la Loire among other names) is a white wine grape variety from the Loire Valley of France. Its high acidity means it can be used to make varieties from sparkling wines to well-balanced dessert wines, although it can produce very bland, neutral wines if the vine's natural vigor is not controlled. Outside the Loire, it is found in most of the New World wine regions; it is the most widely planted variety in South Africa, where it was historically also known as Steen (locally /stɪərn/ STEERN). The grape may have been one of the first to be grown in South Africa by Jan van Riebeeck in 1655, or it may have come to that country with Huguenots fleeing France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. Chenin blanc was often misidentified in Australia, as well, so tracing its early history in the country is not easy. It may have been introduced in James Busby's collection of 1832, but C. Waterhouse was growing Steen at Highercombe in Houghton, South Australia, by 1862. It provides a fairly neutral palate for the expression of terroir, vintage variation, and the winemaker's treatment. In cool areas, the juice is sweet but high in acid with a full-bodied, fruity palate. In the unreliable summers of northern France, the acidity of under-ripened grapes was often masked with chaptalization with unsatisfactory results, whereas now, the less-ripened grapes are made into popular sparkling wines such as Crémant de Loire. The white wines of the Anjou AOC are a popular expression of Chenin as a dry wine, with flavors of quince and apples. In nearby Vouvray AOC, vintners aim for an off-dry style, developing honey and floral characteristics with age. In the best vintages, the grapes can be left on the vines to develop noble rot, producing an intense, viscous dessert wine, which may improve considerably with age. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 A cluster of Chenin blanc grapes Chenin blanc (known also as Pineau de la Loire among other names) is a white wine grape variety from the Loire Valley of France. Its high acidity means it can be used to make varieties from sparkling wines to well-balanced dessert wines, although it can produce very bland, neutral wines if the vine's natural vigor is not controlled. Outside the Loire, it is found in most of the New World wine regions; it is the most widely planted variety in South Africa, where it was historically also known as Steen (locally /stɪərn/ STEERN). The grape may have been one of the first to be grown in South Africa by Jan van Riebeeck in 1655, or it may have come to that country with Huguenots fleeing France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. Chenin blanc was often misidentified in Australia, as well, so tracing its early history in the country is not easy. It may have been introduced in James Busby's collection of 1832, but C. Waterhouse was growing Steen at Highercombe in Houghton, South Australia, by 1862. It provides a fairly neutral palate for the expression of terroir, vintage variation, and the winemaker's treatment. In cool areas, the juice is sweet but high in acid with a full-bodied, fruity palate. In the unreliable summers of northern France, the acidity of under-ripened grapes was often masked with chaptalization with unsatisfactory results, whereas now, the less-ripened grapes are made into popular sparkling wines such as Crémant de Loire. The white wines of the Anjou AOC are a popular expression of Chenin as a dry wine, with flavors of quince and apples. In nearby Vouvray AOC, vintners aim for an off-dry style, developing honey and floral characteristics with age. In the best vintages, the grapes can be left on the vines to develop noble rot, producing an intense, viscous dessert wine, which may improve considerably with age. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chenin_blanc_grapes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chenin_blanc_grapes.jpg/220px-Chenin_blanc_grapes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chenin_blanc_grapes.jpg/330px-Chenin_blanc_grapes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chenin_blanc_grapes.jpg/440px-Chenin_blanc_grapes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">A cluster of Chenin blanc grapes</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Chenin_blanc" title="Chenin blanc">Chenin blanc</a></b> (known also as <b>Pineau de la Loire</b> among <a href="#Synonyms">other names</a>) is a white <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> <a href="/wiki/Grape_variety" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape variety">grape variety</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley_(wine)" title="Loire Valley (wine)">Loire Valley</a> of <a href="/wiki/France_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="France (wine)">France</a>. Its high <a href="/wiki/Acidity_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acidity (wine)">acidity</a> means it can be used to make varieties from <a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">sparkling wines</a> to well-balanced <a href="/wiki/Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">dessert wines</a>, although it can produce very bland, neutral wines if the vine's natural vigor is not controlled. Outside the Loire, it is found in most of the <a href="/wiki/New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World wine</a> regions; it is the most widely planted variety in <a href="/wiki/South_African_wine" title="South African wine">South Africa</a>, where it was historically also known as <b>Steen</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">locally </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">STEERN</span></i></a>). The grape may have been one of the first to be grown in South Africa by <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Riebeeck" title="Jan van Riebeeck">Jan van Riebeeck</a> in 1655, or it may have come to that country with <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a> fleeing France after the revocation of the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a> in 1685. Chenin blanc was often misidentified in Australia, as well, so tracing its early history in the country is not easy. It may have been introduced in <a href="/wiki/James_Busby" title="James Busby">James Busby</a>'s collection of 1832, but C. Waterhouse was growing Steen at Highercombe in <a href="/wiki/Houghton,_South_Australia" title="Houghton, South Australia">Houghton, South Australia</a>, by 1862.<br /><br />It provides a fairly neutral palate for the expression of <i><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">terroir</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Vintage" title="Vintage">vintage</a> variation, and the <a href="/wiki/Winemaker" title="Winemaker">winemaker</a>'s treatment. In cool areas, the juice is sweet but high in acid with a full-bodied, fruity palate. In the unreliable summers of northern France, the acidity of under-ripened grapes was often masked with <a href="/wiki/Chaptalization" title="Chaptalization">chaptalization</a> with unsatisfactory results, whereas now, the less-ripened grapes are made into popular sparkling wines such as <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9mant_de_Loire" class="mw-redirect" title="Crémant de Loire">Crémant de Loire</a>. The white wines of the <a href="/wiki/Anjou_AOC" class="mw-redirect" title="Anjou AOC">Anjou AOC</a> are a popular expression of Chenin as a <a href="/wiki/Dry_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry wine">dry wine</a>, with flavors of <a href="/wiki/Quince" title="Quince">quince</a> and apples. In nearby <a href="/wiki/Vouvray_AOC" class="mw-redirect" title="Vouvray AOC">Vouvray AOC</a>, vintners aim for an off-dry style, developing honey and floral characteristics with age. In the best vintages, the grapes can be left on the vines to develop <a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">noble rot</a>, producing an intense, viscous dessert wine, which may improve considerably with <a href="/wiki/Age_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Age (wine)">age</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Chenin_blanc" title="Chenin blanc">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat Noir showing the white and black-skinned color mutation of the variety The Muscat family of grapes includes over 200 grape varieties belonging to the Vitis vinifera species that have been used in wine production and as raisin and table grapes around the globe for many centuries. Their colors range from white (such as Muscat Ottonel), to yellow (Moscato Giallo), to pink (Moscato Rosa del Trentino) to near black (Muscat Hamburg). Muscat grapes and wines almost always have a pronounced floral aroma. The breadth and number of varieties of Muscat suggest that it is perhaps the oldest domesticated grape variety, and there are theories that most families within the Vitis vinifera grape variety are descended from the Muscat variety. Among the most notable members of the Muscat family are Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, which is the primary grape variety used in the production of the Italian sparkling wine Asti (also known as Moscato d'Asti) made in the Piedmont region. It is also used in the production of many of the French fortified wines known as vin doux naturels. In Australia, this is also the main grape used in the production of Liqueur Muscat, from the Victorian wine region of Rutherglen. Young, unaged and unfortified examples of Muscat blanc tend to exhibit the characteristic Muscat "grapey" aroma as well as citrus, rose and peach notes. Fortified and aged examples (particularly those that have been barrel aged) tend to be very dark in color due to oxidation with aroma notes of coffee, fruit cake, raisins and toffee. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat Noir showing the white and black-skinned color mutation of the variety The Muscat family of grapes includes over 200 grape varieties belonging to the Vitis vinifera species that have been used in wine production and as raisin and table grapes around the globe for many centuries. Their colors range from white (such as Muscat Ottonel), to yellow (Moscato Giallo), to pink (Moscato Rosa del Trentino) to near black (Muscat Hamburg). Muscat grapes and wines almost always have a pronounced floral aroma. The breadth and number of varieties of Muscat suggest that it is perhaps the oldest domesticated grape variety, and there are theories that most families within the Vitis vinifera grape variety are descended from the Muscat variety. Among the most notable members of the Muscat family are Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, which is the primary grape variety used in the production of the Italian sparkling wine Asti (also known as Moscato d'Asti) made in the Piedmont region. It is also used in the production of many of the French fortified wines known as vin doux naturels. In Australia, this is also the main grape used in the production of Liqueur Muscat, from the Victorian wine region of Rutherglen. Young, unaged and unfortified examples of Muscat blanc tend to exhibit the characteristic Muscat "grapey" aroma as well as citrus, rose and peach notes. Fortified and aged examples (particularly those that have been barrel aged) tend to be very dark in color due to oxidation with aroma notes of coffee, fruit cake, raisins and toffee. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Muscat_blanc_et_Muscat_noir_by_JM_Rosier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Muscat_blanc_et_Muscat_noir_by_JM_Rosier.jpg/220px-Muscat_blanc_et_Muscat_noir_by_JM_Rosier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Muscat_blanc_et_Muscat_noir_by_JM_Rosier.jpg/330px-Muscat_blanc_et_Muscat_noir_by_JM_Rosier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Muscat_blanc_et_Muscat_noir_by_JM_Rosier.jpg/440px-Muscat_blanc_et_Muscat_noir_by_JM_Rosier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="4368" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Muscat_Blanc_%C3%A0_Petits_Grains" title="Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains">Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains</a> and Muscat Noir showing the white and black-skinned color mutation of the variety</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Muscat_(grape)" title="Muscat (grape)">Muscat family of grapes</a></b> includes over 200 <a href="/wiki/Grape_varieties" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape varieties">grape varieties</a> belonging to the <i><a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a></i> species that have been used in <a href="/wiki/Wine_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine production">wine production</a> and as <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Table_grape" title="Table grape">table grapes</a> around the globe for many centuries. Their <a href="/wiki/Wine_color" title="Wine color">colors</a> range from white (such as <a href="/wiki/Muscat_Ottonel" title="Muscat Ottonel">Muscat Ottonel</a>), to yellow (<a href="/wiki/Moscato_Giallo" title="Moscato Giallo">Moscato Giallo</a>), to pink (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscato_rosa_del_Trentino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moscato rosa del Trentino (page does not exist)">Moscato Rosa del Trentino</a>) to near black (<a href="/wiki/Black_Muscat" title="Black Muscat">Muscat Hamburg</a>). Muscat grapes and wines almost always have a pronounced floral <a href="/wiki/Aroma_of_wine" title="Aroma of wine">aroma</a>. The breadth and number of varieties of Muscat suggest that it is perhaps the oldest domesticated grape variety, and there are theories that most families within the <i>Vitis vinifera</i> grape variety are descended from the Muscat variety.<br /><br />Among the most notable members of the Muscat family are <a href="/wiki/Muscat_Blanc_%C3%A0_Petits_Grains" title="Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains">Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains</a>, which is the primary grape variety used in the production of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">sparkling wine</a> <a href="/wiki/Asti_wine" title="Asti wine">Asti</a> (also known as <i>Moscato d'Asti</i>) made in the <a href="/wiki/Piemonte_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piemonte (wine)">Piedmont</a> region. It is also used in the production of many of the <a href="/wiki/French_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="French (wine)">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">fortified wines</a> known as <i><a href="/wiki/Vin_doux_naturels" class="mw-redirect" title="Vin doux naturels">vin doux naturels</a></i>. In <a href="/wiki/Australian_wine" title="Australian wine">Australia</a>, this is also the main grape used in the production of <a href="/wiki/Liqueur_Muscat" title="Liqueur Muscat">Liqueur Muscat</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_wine" title="Victorian wine">Victorian wine</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Rutherglen_wine_region" title="Rutherglen wine region">Rutherglen</a>. Young, <a href="/wiki/Aging_of_wine" title="Aging of wine">unaged</a> and unfortified examples of Muscat blanc tend to exhibit the characteristic Muscat "grapey" aroma as well as citrus, rose and peach notes. Fortified and aged examples (particularly those that have been <a href="/wiki/Oak_(wine)" title="Oak (wine)">barrel</a> aged) tend to be very dark in color due to <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">oxidation</a> with aroma notes of coffee, fruit cake, raisins and toffee. (<b><a href="/wiki/Muscat_(grape)" title="Muscat (grape)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 The process of fermentation at work on Pinot noir. As yeast consume the sugar in the must it releases alcohol and carbon dioxide (seen here as the foaming bubbles) as byproducts. The role of yeast in winemaking is the most important element that distinguishes wine from fruit juice. In the absence of oxygen, yeast converts the sugars of the fruit into alcohol and carbon dioxide through the process of fermentation. The more sugars in the grapes, the higher the potential alcohol level of the wine if the yeast are allowed to carry out fermentation to dryness. Sometimes winemakers will stop fermentation early in order to leave some residual sugars and sweetness in the wine such as with dessert wines. This can be achieved by dropping fermentation temperatures to the point where the yeast are inactive, sterile filtering the wine to remove the yeast or fortification with brandy or neutral spirits to kill off the yeast cells. If fermentation is unintentionally stopped, such as when the yeasts become exhausted of available nutrients and the wine has not yet reached dryness, this is considered a stuck fermentation. The most common yeast associated with winemaking is Saccharomyces cerevisiae which has been favored due to its predictable and vigorous fermentation capabilities, tolerance of relatively high levels of alcohol and sulfur dioxide as well as its ability to thrive in normal wine pH between 2.8 and 4. Despite its widespread use which often includes deliberate inoculation from cultured stock, S. cerevisiae is rarely the only yeast species involved in a fermentation. Grapes brought in from harvest are usually teeming with a variety of "wild yeast" from the Kloeckera and Candida genera. These yeasts often begin the fermentation process almost as soon as the grapes are picked when the weight of the clusters in the harvest bins begin to crush the grapes, releasing the sugar-rich must. While additions of sulfur dioxide (often added at the crusher) may limit some of the wild yeast activities, these yeasts will usually die out once the alcohol level reaches about 15% due to the toxicity of alcohol on the yeast cells physiology while the more alcohol tolerant Saccharomyces species take over. In addition to S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces bayanus is a species of yeast that can tolerate alcohol levels of 17–20% and is often used in fortified wine production such as ports and varieties such as Zinfandel and Syrah harvested at high Brix sugar levels. Another common yeast involved in wine production is Brettanomyces whose presence in a wine may be viewed by different winemakers as either a wine fault or in limited quantities as an added note of complexity. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 The process of fermentation at work on Pinot noir. As yeast consume the sugar in the must it releases alcohol and carbon dioxide (seen here as the foaming bubbles) as byproducts. The role of yeast in winemaking is the most important element that distinguishes wine from fruit juice. In the absence of oxygen, yeast converts the sugars of the fruit into alcohol and carbon dioxide through the process of fermentation. The more sugars in the grapes, the higher the potential alcohol level of the wine if the yeast are allowed to carry out fermentation to dryness. Sometimes winemakers will stop fermentation early in order to leave some residual sugars and sweetness in the wine such as with dessert wines. This can be achieved by dropping fermentation temperatures to the point where the yeast are inactive, sterile filtering the wine to remove the yeast or fortification with brandy or neutral spirits to kill off the yeast cells. If fermentation is unintentionally stopped, such as when the yeasts become exhausted of available nutrients and the wine has not yet reached dryness, this is considered a stuck fermentation. The most common yeast associated with winemaking is Saccharomyces cerevisiae which has been favored due to its predictable and vigorous fermentation capabilities, tolerance of relatively high levels of alcohol and sulfur dioxide as well as its ability to thrive in normal wine pH between 2.8 and 4. Despite its widespread use which often includes deliberate inoculation from cultured stock, S. cerevisiae is rarely the only yeast species involved in a fermentation. Grapes brought in from harvest are usually teeming with a variety of "wild yeast" from the Kloeckera and Candida genera. These yeasts often begin the fermentation process almost as soon as the grapes are picked when the weight of the clusters in the harvest bins begin to crush the grapes, releasing the sugar-rich must. While additions of sulfur dioxide (often added at the crusher) may limit some of the wild yeast activities, these yeasts will usually die out once the alcohol level reaches about 15% due to the toxicity of alcohol on the yeast cells physiology while the more alcohol tolerant Saccharomyces species take over. In addition to S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces bayanus is a species of yeast that can tolerate alcohol levels of 17–20% and is often used in fortified wine production such as ports and varieties such as Zinfandel and Syrah harvested at high Brix sugar levels. Another common yeast involved in wine production is Brettanomyces whose presence in a wine may be viewed by different winemakers as either a wine fault or in limited quantities as an added note of complexity. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stefano_Lubiana_Pinot_Noir_ferment_vintage_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Stefano_Lubiana_Pinot_Noir_ferment_vintage_2010.jpg/300px-Stefano_Lubiana_Pinot_Noir_ferment_vintage_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Stefano_Lubiana_Pinot_Noir_ferment_vintage_2010.jpg/450px-Stefano_Lubiana_Pinot_Noir_ferment_vintage_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Stefano_Lubiana_Pinot_Noir_ferment_vintage_2010.jpg/600px-Stefano_Lubiana_Pinot_Noir_ferment_vintage_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>The process of fermentation at work on Pinot noir. As yeast consume the sugar in the <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a> it releases alcohol and carbon dioxide (seen here as the foaming bubbles) as byproducts.</figcaption></figure><br /><br />The role of <b><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">yeast in winemaking</a></b> is the most important element that distinguishes <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> <a href="/wiki/Juice" title="Juice">juice</a>. In the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anaerobic" class="extiw" title="wikt:anaerobic">absence of oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> converts the <a href="/wiki/Sugar_in_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar in wine">sugars</a> of the fruit into <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> through the process of <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (wine)">fermentation</a>. The more <a href="/wiki/Ripeness_in_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripeness in wine">sugars in the grapes</a>, the higher the potential alcohol level of the wine if the yeast are allowed to carry out fermentation to <a href="/wiki/Dryness_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryness (wine)">dryness</a>. Sometimes winemakers will stop fermentation early in order to leave some <a href="/wiki/Residual_sugars" class="mw-redirect" title="Residual sugars">residual sugars</a> and sweetness in the wine such as with <a href="/wiki/Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">dessert wines</a>. This can be achieved by dropping fermentation temperatures to the point where the yeast are inactive, sterile <a href="/wiki/Filtering_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Filtering (wine)">filtering</a> the wine to remove the yeast or <a href="/wiki/Fortification_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortification (wine)">fortification</a> with <a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">brandy</a> or neutral spirits to kill off the yeast cells. If fermentation is unintentionally stopped, such as when the yeasts become exhausted of available nutrients and the wine has not yet reached dryness, this is considered a <a href="/wiki/Stuck_fermentation" title="Stuck fermentation">stuck fermentation</a>.<br /><br />The most common yeast associated with <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a> is <i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae" title="Saccharomyces cerevisiae">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a></i> which has been favored due to its predictable and vigorous fermentation capabilities, tolerance of relatively high levels of alcohol and <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a> as well as its ability to thrive in normal wine <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> between 2.8 and 4. Despite its widespread use which often includes deliberate <a href="/wiki/Inoculation" title="Inoculation">inoculation</a> from cultured stock, <i>S. cerevisiae</i> is rarely the only yeast species involved in a fermentation. Grapes brought in from <a href="/wiki/Harvest_(wine)" title="Harvest (wine)">harvest</a> are usually teeming with a variety of "wild yeast" from the <i><a href="/wiki/Kloeckera" class="mw-redirect" title="Kloeckera">Kloeckera</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Candida_(fungus)" title="Candida (fungus)">Candida</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Genera" class="mw-redirect" title="Genera">genera</a>. These yeasts often begin the fermentation process almost as soon as the grapes are picked when the weight of the clusters in the harvest bins begin to crush the grapes, releasing the sugar-rich <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>. While additions of sulfur dioxide (often added at the crusher) may limit some of the wild yeast activities, these yeasts will usually die out once the alcohol level reaches about 15% due to the <a href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">toxicity</a> of alcohol on the yeast cells <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a> while the more alcohol tolerant <i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces" title="Saccharomyces">Saccharomyces</a></i> species take over. In addition to <i>S. cerevisiae</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_bayanus" title="Saccharomyces bayanus">Saccharomyces bayanus</a></i> is a species of yeast that can tolerate alcohol levels of 17–20% and is often used in fortified wine production such as <a href="/wiki/Port_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Port (wine)">ports</a> and varieties such as <a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Zinfandel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a> harvested at high <a href="/wiki/Brix" title="Brix">Brix</a> sugar levels. Another common yeast involved in wine production is <i><a href="/wiki/Brettanomyces" title="Brettanomyces">Brettanomyces</a></i> whose presence in a wine may be viewed by different winemakers as either a <a href="/wiki/Wine_fault" title="Wine fault">wine fault</a> or in limited quantities as an added note of complexity. (<b><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 Wine grapes on Long Island Viticulture (Latin: vitis cultura, "vine-growing"), viniculture (vinis cultura, "wine-growing"), or winegrowing is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes. It is a branch of the science of horticulture. While the native territory of Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, ranges from Western Europe to the Persian shores of the Caspian Sea, the vine has demonstrated high levels of adaptability to new environments, hence viticulture can be found on every continent except Antarctica. The duties of a viticulturist include monitoring and controlling pests and diseases, fertilizing, irrigation, canopy management, monitoring fruit development and characteristics, deciding when to harvest, and vine pruning during the winter months. Viticulturists are often intimately involved with winemakers, because vineyard management and the resulting grape characteristics provide the basis from which winemaking can begin. A great number of varieties are now approved in the European Union as true grapes for winegrowing and viticulture. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 Wine grapes on Long Island Viticulture (Latin: vitis cultura, "vine-growing"), viniculture (vinis cultura, "wine-growing"), or winegrowing is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes. It is a branch of the science of horticulture. While the native territory of Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, ranges from Western Europe to the Persian shores of the Caspian Sea, the vine has demonstrated high levels of adaptability to new environments, hence viticulture can be found on every continent except Antarctica. The duties of a viticulturist include monitoring and controlling pests and diseases, fertilizing, irrigation, canopy management, monitoring fruit development and characteristics, deciding when to harvest, and vine pruning during the winter months. Viticulturists are often intimately involved with winemakers, because vineyard management and the resulting grape characteristics provide the basis from which winemaking can begin. A great number of varieties are now approved in the European Union as true grapes for winegrowing and viticulture. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wine_grapes03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Wine_grapes03.jpg/220px-Wine_grapes03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Wine_grapes03.jpg/330px-Wine_grapes03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Wine_grapes03.jpg/440px-Wine_grapes03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Wine grapes on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">vitis cultura</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vine</a>-growing"), <b>viniculture</b> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">vinis cultura</i></span>, "<a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>-growing"), or <b>winegrowing</b> is the cultivation and harvesting of <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a>. It is a branch of the science of <a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">horticulture</a>. While the native territory of <i><a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a></i>, the common grape vine, ranges from <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persian</a> shores of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>, the vine has demonstrated high levels of <a href="/wiki/Adaptability" title="Adaptability">adaptability</a> to new environments, hence viticulture can be found on every continent except <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>.<br /><br />The duties of a <b>viticulturist</b> include monitoring and controlling <a href="/wiki/Pest_(organism)" title="Pest (organism)">pests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plant_pathology" title="Plant pathology">diseases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irrigation_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irrigation (wine)">irrigation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(grape)" title="Canopy (grape)">canopy</a> <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_viticultural_terms#Canopy_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of viticultural terms">management</a>, monitoring <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> development and <a href="/wiki/Typicity" title="Typicity">characteristics</a>, deciding when to <a href="/wiki/Harvest_(wine)" title="Harvest (wine)">harvest</a>, and vine <a href="/wiki/Pruning" title="Pruning">pruning</a> during the winter months. Viticulturists are often intimately involved with winemakers, because vineyard management and the resulting grape characteristics provide the basis from which <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a> can begin. A great number of varieties are now approved in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> as true grapes for winegrowing and viticulture. (<b><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Jean-Louis Vignes (April 9, 1780 - January 17, 1862), also known as Don Luis del Aliso, was a French-born Californian vintner and ranchero. He was one of the first commercial wine makers in California and one of the first men to import and plant European Vitis vinifera grapes in the state. A skilled cooper by trade and an adventurer and entrepreneur by choice, he arrived in the Sandwich Islands on July 6, 1827. After losing his business in Honolulu due to Queen Ka'ahumanu's edict banning alcohol production, he sailed to California and landed at Pueblo de Los Angeles in 1831. In 1850, Vignes was the largest wine producer in California. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 Jean-Louis Vignes (April 9, 1780 - January 17, 1862), also known as Don Luis del Aliso, was a French-born Californian vintner and ranchero. He was one of the first commercial wine makers in California and one of the first men to import and plant European Vitis vinifera grapes in the state. A skilled cooper by trade and an adventurer and entrepreneur by choice, he arrived in the Sandwich Islands on July 6, 1827. After losing his business in Honolulu due to Queen Ka'ahumanu's edict banning alcohol production, he sailed to California and landed at Pueblo de Los Angeles in 1831. In 1850, Vignes was the largest wine producer in California. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Vignes" title="Jean-Louis Vignes">Jean-Louis Vignes</a></b> (April 9, 1780 - January 17, 1862), also known as <b>Don Luis del Aliso</b>, was a French-born Californian <a href="/wiki/Vintner" class="mw-redirect" title="Vintner">vintner</a> and ranchero. He was one of the first commercial wine makers in California and one of the first men to import and plant European <i><a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a></i> grapes in the state. A skilled cooper by trade and an adventurer and entrepreneur by choice, he arrived in the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Sandwich Islands</a> on July 6, 1827. After losing his business in Honolulu due to Queen Ka'ahumanu's edict banning alcohol production, he sailed to California and landed at <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_de_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo de Los Angeles">Pueblo de Los Angeles</a> in 1831. In 1850, Vignes was the largest wine producer in California. (<b><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Vignes" title="Jean-Louis Vignes">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 Zinfandel grapes ripening on the vine Zinfandel (also known as Primitivo) is a variety of black-skinned wine grape. The variety is grown in over 10 percent of California vineyards. DNA analysis has revealed that it is genetically equivalent to the Croatian grapes Crljenak Kaštelanski and Tribidrag, as well as to the Primitivo variety traditionally grown in Apulia, Italy, where it was introduced in the 18th century, and Kratošija in Montenegro. The grape found its way to the United States in the mid-19th century, where it became known by variations of a name applied to a different grape, likely "Zierfandler" from Austria. The grapes typically produce a robust red wine, although, in the United States, a semi-sweet rosé (blush-style) wine called White Zinfandel has six times the sales of the red wine. The grape's high sugar content can be fermented into levels of alcohol exceeding 15 percent. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 Zinfandel grapes ripening on the vine Zinfandel (also known as Primitivo) is a variety of black-skinned wine grape. The variety is grown in over 10 percent of California vineyards. DNA analysis has revealed that it is genetically equivalent to the Croatian grapes Crljenak Kaštelanski and Tribidrag, as well as to the Primitivo variety traditionally grown in Apulia, Italy, where it was introduced in the 18th century, and Kratošija in Montenegro. The grape found its way to the United States in the mid-19th century, where it became known by variations of a name applied to a different grape, likely "Zierfandler" from Austria. The grapes typically produce a robust red wine, although, in the United States, a semi-sweet rosé (blush-style) wine called White Zinfandel has six times the sales of the red wine. The grape's high sugar content can be fermented into levels of alcohol exceeding 15 percent. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ripe_Zinfandel_grapes_in_Dry_Creek_Valley-8958.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ripe_Zinfandel_grapes_in_Dry_Creek_Valley-8958.jpg/220px-Ripe_Zinfandel_grapes_in_Dry_Creek_Valley-8958.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ripe_Zinfandel_grapes_in_Dry_Creek_Valley-8958.jpg/330px-Ripe_Zinfandel_grapes_in_Dry_Creek_Valley-8958.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ripe_Zinfandel_grapes_in_Dry_Creek_Valley-8958.jpg/440px-Ripe_Zinfandel_grapes_in_Dry_Creek_Valley-8958.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4034" data-file-height="5648" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Zinfandel grapes ripening on the vine</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Zinfandel</a></b> (also known as <b>Primitivo</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">variety</a> of black-skinned <a href="/wiki/Wine_grape" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine grape">wine grape</a>. The variety is grown in over 10 percent of <a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">California vineyards</a>. DNA analysis has revealed that it is genetically equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">Croatian</a> grapes <b>Crljenak Kaštelanski</b> and <b>Tribidrag</b>, as well as to the Primitivo variety traditionally grown in <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, where it was introduced in the 18th century, and Kratošija in Montenegro. The grape found its way to the United States in the mid-19th century, where it became known by variations of a name applied to a different grape, likely "<a href="/wiki/Zierfandler" title="Zierfandler">Zierfandler</a>" from Austria.<br /><br />The grapes typically produce a robust red <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>, although, in the United States, a semi-sweet <a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9" title="Rosé">rosé</a> (blush-style) wine called <a href="/wiki/White_Zinfandel" title="White Zinfandel">White Zinfandel</a> has six times the sales of the red wine. The grape's high sugar content can be <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (wine)">fermented</a> into levels of alcohol exceeding 15 percent. (<b><a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 Commandaria (also called Commanderia and Coumadarka; Greek: κουμανδαρία, κουμανταρία and Cypriot Greek κουμανταρκά) is an amber-coloured sweet dessert wine made in the Commandaria region of Cyprus on the foothills of the Troödos Mountains. Commandaria is made from sun-dried grapes of the varieties Xynisteri and Mavro. While often a fortified wine, through its production method it often reaches high alcohol levels, around 15%, already before fortification. It represents an ancient wine style documented in Cyprus back to 800 BC and has the distinction of being the world's oldest named wine still in production, with the name Commandaria dating back to the crusades in the 12th century. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 Commandaria (also called Commanderia and Coumadarka; Greek: κουμανδαρία, κουμανταρία and Cypriot Greek κουμανταρκά) is an amber-coloured sweet dessert wine made in the Commandaria region of Cyprus on the foothills of the Troödos Mountains. Commandaria is made from sun-dried grapes of the varieties Xynisteri and Mavro. While often a fortified wine, through its production method it often reaches high alcohol levels, around 15%, already before fortification. It represents an ancient wine style documented in Cyprus back to 800 BC and has the distinction of being the world's oldest named wine still in production, with the name Commandaria dating back to the crusades in the 12th century. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Commandaria" title="Commandaria">Commandaria</a></b> (also called <b>Commanderia</b> and <b>Coumadarka</b>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">κουμανδαρία</span>, <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">κουμανταρία</span></span> and <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot Greek</a> κουμανταρκά) is an amber-coloured sweet <a href="/wiki/Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">dessert wine</a> made in the Commandaria region of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> on the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Tro%C3%B6dos_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Troödos Mountains">Troödos Mountains</a>. Commandaria is made from sun-dried grapes of the varieties <a href="/wiki/Xynisteri" title="Xynisteri">Xynisteri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mavro" title="Mavro">Mavro</a>. While often a <a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">fortified wine</a>, through its production method it often reaches high alcohol levels, around 15%, already before fortification. It represents an ancient wine style documented in Cyprus back to 800 BC and has the distinction of being the world's oldest named wine still in production, with the name Commandaria dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">crusades</a> in the 12th century. (<b><a href="/wiki/Commandaria" title="Commandaria">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine/Selected_articles" title="Portal:Wine/Selected articles">More selected articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Did_you_know_(auto-generated)_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Did_you_know_.28auto-generated.29_-_load_new_batch"></span>Did you know <small>(auto-generated)</small> - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Wine&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F7;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/47px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/71px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/94px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>... that the Anglo-Saxons may have used <b><a href="/wiki/Bald%27s_eyesalve" title="Bald's eyesalve">a mixture of garlic, another <i>Allium</i>, wine, and bovine bile</a></b> as an eye medicine?</li> <li>... that while <b><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Longworth" title="Joseph Longworth">Joseph Longworth</a></b> thought that he would be remembered only as "the son of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Longworth_(winemaker)" title="Nicholas Longworth (winemaker)">his father</a> and the father of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Longworth_II" title="Nicholas Longworth II">his son</a>", there is today a wing of the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Art_Museum" title="Cincinnati Art Museum">Cincinnati Art Museum</a> named for him?</li> <li>... that <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a> promoted "<b><a href="/wiki/Houdini_(Eminem_song)" title="Houdini (Eminem song)">Houdini</a></b>" with a video in which <a href="/wiki/David_Blaine" title="David Blaine">David Blaine</a> eats a wine glass?</li> <li>... that both scholars and activists believe that <b><a href="/wiki/Diet_culture" title="Diet culture">diet culture</a></b> is often intertwined with racism and other forms of prejudice?</li> <li>... that the magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_Guitar_(magazine)" title="Acoustic Guitar (magazine)">Acoustic Guitar</a></i> said that <b><a href="/wiki/Dan_Erlewine" title="Dan Erlewine">Dan Erlewine</a></b> "might be the most famous guitar repairperson on earth"?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Julia_Marden" title="Julia Marden">Julia Marden</a></b> was the first known person to create a Wampanoag twined turkey-feather mantle since European contact 400 years earlier?</li> <li>... that the wine cellar of New York City's <b><a href="/wiki/InterContinental_New_York_Barclay_Hotel" title="InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel">Barclay Hotel</a></b> is on the second floor?</li> <li>... that a wine closet at <b><a href="/wiki/15_Central_Park_West" title="15 Central Park West">15 Central Park West</a></b> originally cost up to $80,000, while a storage bin cost $35,000?</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AWine%2FSelected_quote%2F11&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_quote" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected quote</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F7;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table align="center" width="100%" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"><span style="color:#bcbcbc; font-size:30px; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:bold; padding-right:10px">“</span> </td> <td style="font-size:105%">A world without wine is a world without culture. </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"><span style="color:#bcbcbc; font-size:30px; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:bold; padding-left:10px">”</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawn_Grover&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawn Grover (page does not exist)">Shawn Grover</a><br /><i>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.julielovesclint.com/">[1]</a>]</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine/Selected_quote" title="Portal:Wine/Selected quote">More selected quotes</a></b></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AWine%2FRelated_portals&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Related_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related portals</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F7;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="grain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/25px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/38px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/50px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Agriculture" title="Portal:Agriculture">Agriculture</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/25px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/38px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/50px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="242" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Beer" title="Portal:Beer">Beer</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-relax.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/25px-Emblem-relax.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/38px-Emblem-relax.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/50px-Emblem-relax.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Coffee" title="Portal:Coffee">Coffee</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/14px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/22px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/29px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/27px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/41px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/54px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/27px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/41px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/54px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ShoppingCart.svg/27px-ShoppingCart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ShoppingCart.svg/41px-ShoppingCart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ShoppingCart.svg/54px-ShoppingCart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Supermarkets" title="Portal:Supermarkets">Supermarkets</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drinking_water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/16px-Drinking_water.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/25px-Drinking_water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/33px-Drinking_water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Water" title="Portal:Water">Water</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/13px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/20px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/27px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wine</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AWine%2FSelected_winery%2F14&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_winery" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected winery</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F7;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 181px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_Margaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ch%C3%A2teau_Margaux.jpg/181px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Margaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ch%C3%A2teau_Margaux.jpg/272px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Margaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ch%C3%A2teau_Margaux.jpg/362px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Margaux.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1432" /></a></span></div> </div><b>Château Margaux</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> estate of <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_wine" title="Bordeaux wine">Bordeaux wine</a>, and was one of four wines to achieve <a href="/wiki/First_Growth" title="First Growth"><i>Premier cru</i> (first growth)</a> status in the <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Wine_Official_Classification_of_1855" title="Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855">Bordeaux Classification of 1855</a>. Over several centuries it has retained its position as among the world's most prestigious and expensive wines. The estate is located in the <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> of <a href="/wiki/Margaux" title="Margaux">Margaux</a> on the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Garonne" title="Garonne">Garonne</a> estuary in the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9doc" title="Médoc">Médoc</a> region, in the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">département</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>, and the wine is delimited to the <a href="/wiki/Appellation_d%27Origine_Contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée">AOC</a> of <a href="/wiki/Margaux_AOC" title="Margaux AOC">Margaux</a>. <p>The estate also produces a <a href="/wiki/Second_wine" title="Second wine">second wine</a> named Pavillon Rouge du Château Margaux, as well as a dry white wine named Pavillon Blanc du Château Margaux which does not conform to the Margaux appellation directives. </p><p>The estate has been occupied since at least the 12th century, with the site occupied by a fortified castle known as Lamothe or La Mothe (from <i>motte</i>, a small rise in the land), and wine under names such as "Margou" and "Margous" was known in the 15th century. (<b><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Margaux" title="Château Margaux">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div style="float: right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine/Selected_winery" title="Portal:Wine/Selected winery">More selected wineries</a></b></div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="General_images_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">General images - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Wine&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F7;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small><b>The following are images from various wine-related articles on Wikipedia.</b></small></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%84gyptischer_Maler_um_1500_v._Chr._001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1Grape cultivation, winemaking, and commerce in ancient Egypt c. 1500 BC (from History of wine)"><img alt="Image 1Grape cultivation, winemaking, and commerce in ancient Egypt c. 1500 BC (from History of wine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%C3%84gyptischer_Maler_um_1500_v._Chr._001.jpg/120px-%C3%84gyptischer_Maler_um_1500_v._Chr._001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%C3%84gyptischer_Maler_um_1500_v._Chr._001.jpg/180px-%C3%84gyptischer_Maler_um_1500_v._Chr._001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%C3%84gyptischer_Maler_um_1500_v._Chr._001.jpg/240px-%C3%84gyptischer_Maler_um_1500_v._Chr._001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1467" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span>Grape cultivation, winemaking, and commerce in ancient Egypt <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span> BC (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_wine_cap.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2A cap of grape skins forms on the surface of fermenting red wine (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 2A cap of grape skins forms on the surface of fermenting red wine (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Red_wine_cap.jpg/120px-Red_wine_cap.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Red_wine_cap.jpg/180px-Red_wine_cap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Red_wine_cap.jpg/240px-Red_wine_cap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span>A cap of grape skins forms on the surface of fermenting red wine (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Grey_Hours_f.9.r_Wine_pressing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3In ancient times, berries were crushed by foot in a barrel or pit (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 3In ancient times, berries were crushed by foot in a barrel or pit (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/De_Grey_Hours_f.9.r_Wine_pressing.jpg/120px-De_Grey_Hours_f.9.r_Wine_pressing.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/De_Grey_Hours_f.9.r_Wine_pressing.jpg/180px-De_Grey_Hours_f.9.r_Wine_pressing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/De_Grey_Hours_f.9.r_Wine_pressing.jpg/240px-De_Grey_Hours_f.9.r_Wine_pressing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="1009" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span>In ancient times, berries were crushed by foot in a barrel or pit (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antique_Wine_Press.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4Antique wooden wine press in front of World Heritage vineyards (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 4Antique wooden wine press in front of World Heritage vineyards (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Antique_Wine_Press.jpg/120px-Antique_Wine_Press.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Antique_Wine_Press.jpg/180px-Antique_Wine_Press.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Antique_Wine_Press.jpg/240px-Antique_Wine_Press.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="554" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span>Antique wooden wine press in front of World Heritage vineyards (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FermentationVessels.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5Stainless steel fermentation vessels and new oak barrels at the Three Choirs Vineyard, Gloucestershire, England (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 5Stainless steel fermentation vessels and new oak barrels at the Three Choirs Vineyard, Gloucestershire, England (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/FermentationVessels.jpg/120px-FermentationVessels.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/FermentationVessels.jpg/180px-FermentationVessels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/FermentationVessels.jpg/240px-FermentationVessels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span>Stainless steel fermentation vessels and new oak barrels at the Three Choirs Vineyard, <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a>, England (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wine_grapes03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6Wine grapes on Long Island (from Viticulture)"><img alt="Image 6Wine grapes on Long Island (from Viticulture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Wine_grapes03.jpg/79px-Wine_grapes03.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Wine_grapes03.jpg/119px-Wine_grapes03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Wine_grapes03.jpg/159px-Wine_grapes03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span>Wine grapes on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Satyrs_vine_press_BM_D550.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7Satyr working at a wine press of wicker-work mats (1st century AD relief). (from History of wine)"><img alt="Image 7Satyr working at a wine press of wicker-work mats (1st century AD relief). (from History of wine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Satyrs_vine_press_BM_D550.jpg/102px-Satyrs_vine_press_BM_D550.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Satyrs_vine_press_BM_D550.jpg/154px-Satyrs_vine_press_BM_D550.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Satyrs_vine_press_BM_D550.jpg/205px-Satyrs_vine_press_BM_D550.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1690" data-file-height="1980" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span>Satyr working at a wine press of wicker-work mats (1st century AD <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a>). (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mthomebrew_crushed_grapes.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8Crushed grapes leaving the crusher (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 8Crushed grapes leaving the crusher (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Mthomebrew_crushed_grapes.JPG/120px-Mthomebrew_crushed_grapes.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Mthomebrew_crushed_grapes.JPG/180px-Mthomebrew_crushed_grapes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Mthomebrew_crushed_grapes.JPG/240px-Mthomebrew_crushed_grapes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="624" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span>Crushed grapes leaving the crusher (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aeration_Oxidation_apparatus_during_an_AO_SO2_test.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9Testing wine for sulphur dioxide level (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 9Testing wine for sulphur dioxide level (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Aeration_Oxidation_apparatus_during_an_AO_SO2_test.jpg/90px-Aeration_Oxidation_apparatus_during_an_AO_SO2_test.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Aeration_Oxidation_apparatus_during_an_AO_SO2_test.jpg/134px-Aeration_Oxidation_apparatus_during_an_AO_SO2_test.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Aeration_Oxidation_apparatus_during_an_AO_SO2_test.jpg/179px-Aeration_Oxidation_apparatus_during_an_AO_SO2_test.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>Testing wine for <a href="/wiki/Sulphur_dioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulphur dioxide">sulphur dioxide</a> level (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grape_gathering.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10Manual grape gathering (from Viticulture)"><img alt="Image 10Manual grape gathering (from Viticulture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Grape_gathering.jpg/90px-Grape_gathering.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Grape_gathering.jpg/135px-Grape_gathering.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Grape_gathering.jpg/180px-Grape_gathering.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span>Manual grape gathering (from <b><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dionysos_vineyard_MNE_Villa_Giulia_106463.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11Dionysus in a vineyard, depicted on an amphora from the late 6th century BC. (from History of wine)"><img alt="Image 11Dionysus in a vineyard, depicted on an amphora from the late 6th century BC. (from History of wine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dionysos_vineyard_MNE_Villa_Giulia_106463.jpg/78px-Dionysos_vineyard_MNE_Villa_Giulia_106463.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dionysos_vineyard_MNE_Villa_Giulia_106463.jpg/117px-Dionysos_vineyard_MNE_Villa_Giulia_106463.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dionysos_vineyard_MNE_Villa_Giulia_106463.jpg/157px-Dionysos_vineyard_MNE_Villa_Giulia_106463.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1891" data-file-height="2896" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span>Dionysus in a vineyard, depicted on an <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphora</a> from the late 6th century BC. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downy_and_Powdery_mildew_on_grape_leaf.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12Examples of downy and powdery mildew on a grape leaf (from Viticulture)"><img alt="Image 12Examples of downy and powdery mildew on a grape leaf (from Viticulture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Downy_and_Powdery_mildew_on_grape_leaf.JPG/120px-Downy_and_Powdery_mildew_on_grape_leaf.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Downy_and_Powdery_mildew_on_grape_leaf.JPG/180px-Downy_and_Powdery_mildew_on_grape_leaf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Downy_and_Powdery_mildew_on_grape_leaf.JPG/240px-Downy_and_Powdery_mildew_on_grape_leaf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span>Examples of <a href="/wiki/Downy_mildew" title="Downy mildew">downy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Powdery_mildew" title="Powdery mildew">powdery mildew</a> on a grape leaf (from <b><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_septembre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13Grape harvesting depicted in a medieval book of hours (from Viticulture)"><img alt="Image 13Grape harvesting depicted in a medieval book of hours (from Viticulture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_septembre.jpg/72px-Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_septembre.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_septembre.jpg/108px-Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_septembre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_septembre.jpg/145px-Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_septembre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span>Grape harvesting depicted in a medieval <a href="/wiki/Book_of_hours" title="Book of hours">book of hours</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dionysos_Akme_Paphos_mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14Hellenistic mosaics discovered close to the city of Paphos depicting Dionysos, god of wine (from History of wine)"><img alt="Image 14Hellenistic mosaics discovered close to the city of Paphos depicting Dionysos, god of wine (from History of wine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dionysos_Akme_Paphos_mosaic.jpg/120px-Dionysos_Akme_Paphos_mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dionysos_Akme_Paphos_mosaic.jpg/180px-Dionysos_Akme_Paphos_mosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dionysos_Akme_Paphos_mosaic.jpg/240px-Dionysos_Akme_Paphos_mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2068" data-file-height="1491" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span>Hellenistic mosaics discovered close to the city of <a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a> depicting <a href="/wiki/Dionysos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysos">Dionysos</a>, god of wine (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wine_grapes_baja.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15Wine grapes from the Guadalupe Valley in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 15Wine grapes from the Guadalupe Valley in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wine_grapes_baja.jpg/96px-Wine_grapes_baja.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wine_grapes_baja.jpg/144px-Wine_grapes_baja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wine_grapes_baja.jpg/192px-Wine_grapes_baja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span>Wine grapes from the Guadalupe Valley in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10_Sprinklers_in_vineyard_-_Trentino-Alto_Adige,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16Vineyards in Italy (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 16Vineyards in Italy (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/10_Sprinklers_in_vineyard_-_Trentino-Alto_Adige%2C_Italy.jpg/120px-10_Sprinklers_in_vineyard_-_Trentino-Alto_Adige%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/10_Sprinklers_in_vineyard_-_Trentino-Alto_Adige%2C_Italy.jpg/180px-10_Sprinklers_in_vineyard_-_Trentino-Alto_Adige%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/10_Sprinklers_in_vineyard_-_Trentino-Alto_Adige%2C_Italy.jpg/240px-10_Sprinklers_in_vineyard_-_Trentino-Alto_Adige%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span>Vineyards in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mthomebrew_destemmer.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17Central component of a mechanical destemming. Paddles above the small circular slots rotate to remove the larger chunks of stems. Grapes are pulled off the stems and fall through the holes. Some small amount of stem particles are usually desired to be kept with the grapes for tannin structure. (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 17Central component of a mechanical destemming. Paddles above the small circular slots rotate to remove the larger chunks of stems. Grapes are pulled off the stems and fall through the holes. Some small amount of stem particles are usually desired to be kept with the grapes for tannin structure. (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mthomebrew_destemmer.JPG/84px-Mthomebrew_destemmer.JPG" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mthomebrew_destemmer.JPG/126px-Mthomebrew_destemmer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mthomebrew_destemmer.JPG/168px-Mthomebrew_destemmer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="622" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span>Central component of a mechanical destemming. Paddles above the small circular slots rotate to remove the larger chunks of stems. Grapes are pulled off the stems and fall through the holes. Some small amount of stem particles are usually desired to be kept with the grapes for tannin structure. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wine_labels_machine_-_20091205.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18A wine labelling machine with adhesive labels in France (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 18A wine labelling machine with adhesive labels in France (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Wine_labels_machine_-_20091205.jpg/90px-Wine_labels_machine_-_20091205.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Wine_labels_machine_-_20091205.jpg/135px-Wine_labels_machine_-_20091205.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Wine_labels_machine_-_20091205.jpg/180px-Wine_labels_machine_-_20091205.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span>A wine labelling machine with adhesive labels in France (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mechanical_Crusher.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19The corkscrew-shaped feed auger sits on top of a mechanical crusher-destemmer. Grape clusters are fed into the machine, where they are first crushed, then destemmed. Stems exit at the end, while juice, skins, seeds, and some debris exit the bottom. (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 19The corkscrew-shaped feed auger sits on top of a mechanical crusher-destemmer. Grape clusters are fed into the machine, where they are first crushed, then destemmed. Stems exit at the end, while juice, skins, seeds, and some debris exit the bottom. (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mechanical_Crusher.JPG/120px-Mechanical_Crusher.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mechanical_Crusher.JPG/180px-Mechanical_Crusher.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mechanical_Crusher.JPG/240px-Mechanical_Crusher.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span>The corkscrew-shaped feed <a href="/wiki/Screw_conveyor" title="Screw conveyor">auger</a> sits on top of a mechanical crusher-destemmer. Grape clusters are fed into the machine, where they are first crushed, then destemmed. Stems exit at the end, while juice, skins, seeds, and some debris exit the bottom. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mthomebrew_grapes_from_harvest.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20Harvested Cabernet Sauvignon grapes (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 20Harvested Cabernet Sauvignon grapes (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mthomebrew_grapes_from_harvest.JPG/120px-Mthomebrew_grapes_from_harvest.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mthomebrew_grapes_from_harvest.JPG/180px-Mthomebrew_grapes_from_harvest.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mthomebrew_grapes_from_harvest.JPG/240px-Mthomebrew_grapes_from_harvest.JPG 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="482" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span>Harvested <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a> grapes (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvesting_the_Grapes_in_Duras.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21Mechanical harvesting of Sauvignon blanc grapes in Côtes de Duras, France (from Viticulture)"><img alt="Image 21Mechanical harvesting of Sauvignon blanc grapes in Côtes de Duras, France (from Viticulture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Harvesting_the_Grapes_in_Duras.jpg/120px-Harvesting_the_Grapes_in_Duras.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Harvesting_the_Grapes_in_Duras.jpg/180px-Harvesting_the_Grapes_in_Duras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Harvesting_the_Grapes_in_Duras.jpg/240px-Harvesting_the_Grapes_in_Duras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="609" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span>Mechanical harvesting of <a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a> grapes in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes_de_Duras" title="Côtes de Duras">Côtes de Duras</a>, France (from <b><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evolution_of_wine_export_markets.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22The world wine export 2020 shows the annual wine export production of various countries. (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 22The world wine export 2020 shows the annual wine export production of various countries. (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Evolution_of_wine_export_markets.svg/120px-Evolution_of_wine_export_markets.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Evolution_of_wine_export_markets.svg/180px-Evolution_of_wine_export_markets.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Evolution_of_wine_export_markets.svg/240px-Evolution_of_wine_export_markets.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span>The world wine export 2020 shows the annual wine export production of various countries. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grape_processing_machine_at_Chateau_Montelena_Winery.gk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23A mechanical destemming machine in use at Chateau Montelena winery in Napa Valley (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 23A mechanical destemming machine in use at Chateau Montelena winery in Napa Valley (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Grape_processing_machine_at_Chateau_Montelena_Winery.gk.jpg/120px-Grape_processing_machine_at_Chateau_Montelena_Winery.gk.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Grape_processing_machine_at_Chateau_Montelena_Winery.gk.jpg/180px-Grape_processing_machine_at_Chateau_Montelena_Winery.gk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Grape_processing_machine_at_Chateau_Montelena_Winery.gk.jpg/240px-Grape_processing_machine_at_Chateau_Montelena_Winery.gk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span>A mechanical destemming machine in use at <a href="/wiki/Chateau_Montelena" title="Chateau Montelena">Chateau Montelena</a> winery in Napa Valley (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Night_Harvest_of_wine_grapes._Napa,_California.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24Night harvest by hand of wine grapes in Napa, California (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 24Night harvest by hand of wine grapes in Napa, California (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Night_Harvest_of_wine_grapes._Napa%2C_California.JPG/120px-Night_Harvest_of_wine_grapes._Napa%2C_California.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Night_Harvest_of_wine_grapes._Napa%2C_California.JPG/180px-Night_Harvest_of_wine_grapes._Napa%2C_California.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Night_Harvest_of_wine_grapes._Napa%2C_California.JPG/240px-Night_Harvest_of_wine_grapes._Napa%2C_California.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="1838" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span>Night harvest by hand of wine grapes in <a href="/wiki/Napa,_California" title="Napa, California">Napa, California</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wine_grape_diagram_en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 25Anatomy of a grape, showing the components extracted from each pressing (from Winemaking)"><img alt="Image 25Anatomy of a grape, showing the components extracted from each pressing (from Winemaking)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wine_grape_diagram_en.svg/120px-Wine_grape_diagram_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wine_grape_diagram_en.svg/180px-Wine_grape_diagram_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wine_grape_diagram_en.svg/240px-Wine_grape_diagram_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="585" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span>Anatomy of a grape, showing the components extracted from each pressing (from <b><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commerce_du_vin_sur_la_Durance_(%C3%A9poque_gallo-romaine).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 26Shipping wine in Roman Gaul: amphoras (top) were the traditional Mediterranean vessels, but the Gauls introduced the use of barrels. (from History of wine)"><img alt="Image 26Shipping wine in Roman Gaul: amphoras (top) were the traditional Mediterranean vessels, but the Gauls introduced the use of barrels. (from History of wine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Commerce_du_vin_sur_la_Durance_%28%C3%A9poque_gallo-romaine%29.png/120px-Commerce_du_vin_sur_la_Durance_%28%C3%A9poque_gallo-romaine%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Commerce_du_vin_sur_la_Durance_%28%C3%A9poque_gallo-romaine%29.png/180px-Commerce_du_vin_sur_la_Durance_%28%C3%A9poque_gallo-romaine%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Commerce_du_vin_sur_la_Durance_%28%C3%A9poque_gallo-romaine%29.png/240px-Commerce_du_vin_sur_la_Durance_%28%C3%A9poque_gallo-romaine%29.png 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="299" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 26</span></span>Shipping wine in Roman Gaul: <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphoras</a> (top) were the traditional Mediterranean vessels, but the Gauls introduced the use of barrels. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NorCal2018_-005_Wine_Country_-_Random_Napa_Valley_Vineyard_on_the_side_of_a_road_-S0292033.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 27A Napa Valley vineyard on the side of a road (from Viticulture)"><img alt="Image 27A Napa Valley vineyard on the side of a road (from Viticulture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/NorCal2018_-005_Wine_Country_-_Random_Napa_Valley_Vineyard_on_the_side_of_a_road_-S0292033.jpg/120px-NorCal2018_-005_Wine_Country_-_Random_Napa_Valley_Vineyard_on_the_side_of_a_road_-S0292033.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/NorCal2018_-005_Wine_Country_-_Random_Napa_Valley_Vineyard_on_the_side_of_a_road_-S0292033.jpg/180px-NorCal2018_-005_Wine_Country_-_Random_Napa_Valley_Vineyard_on_the_side_of_a_road_-S0292033.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/NorCal2018_-005_Wine_Country_-_Random_Napa_Valley_Vineyard_on_the_side_of_a_road_-S0292033.jpg/240px-NorCal2018_-005_Wine_Country_-_Random_Napa_Valley_Vineyard_on_the_side_of_a_road_-S0292033.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 27</span></span>A <a href="/wiki/Napa_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Napa Valley">Napa Valley</a> vineyard on the side of a road (from <b><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_terracotta_Kvevri_used_to_ferment_and_age_wine_decorated_with_depictions_of_bunches_of_grapes,_First_half_of_the_6th_millennium_BC,_from_Khramis_Didid_Gora,_National_Museum_of_Georgia,_Tbilisi,_Georgia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 28Georgian Kvevri, a jar dated to the 6th millennium BC found at the Shulaveri site (Georgian National Museum). (from History of wine)"><img alt="Image 28Georgian Kvevri, a jar dated to the 6th millennium BC found at the Shulaveri site (Georgian National Museum). (from History of wine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/A_terracotta_Kvevri_used_to_ferment_and_age_wine_decorated_with_depictions_of_bunches_of_grapes%2C_First_half_of_the_6th_millennium_BC%2C_from_Khramis_Didid_Gora%2C_National_Museum_of_Georgia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_Georgia.jpg/80px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/A_terracotta_Kvevri_used_to_ferment_and_age_wine_decorated_with_depictions_of_bunches_of_grapes%2C_First_half_of_the_6th_millennium_BC%2C_from_Khramis_Didid_Gora%2C_National_Museum_of_Georgia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_Georgia.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/A_terracotta_Kvevri_used_to_ferment_and_age_wine_decorated_with_depictions_of_bunches_of_grapes%2C_First_half_of_the_6th_millennium_BC%2C_from_Khramis_Didid_Gora%2C_National_Museum_of_Georgia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_Georgia.jpg/160px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="6016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 28</span></span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgian</a> <a href="/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri">Kvevri</a>, a jar dated to the 6th millennium BC found at the Shulaveri site (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_National_Museum" title="Georgian National Museum">Georgian National Museum</a>). (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banquet_Louvre_Kylix_G133_by_Cage_Painter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 29Wine boy at a Greek symposium (from History of wine)"><img alt="Image 29Wine boy at a Greek symposium (from History of wine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Banquet_Louvre_Kylix_G133_by_Cage_Painter.jpg/120px-Banquet_Louvre_Kylix_G133_by_Cage_Painter.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Banquet_Louvre_Kylix_G133_by_Cage_Painter.jpg/180px-Banquet_Louvre_Kylix_G133_by_Cage_Painter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Banquet_Louvre_Kylix_G133_by_Cage_Painter.jpg/240px-Banquet_Louvre_Kylix_G133_by_Cage_Painter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 29</span></span>Wine boy at a Greek <a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium">symposium</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brhlovce_IMG_2315.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 30A vineyard in Brhlovce, Slovakia (from Viticulture)"><img alt="Image 30A vineyard in Brhlovce, Slovakia (from Viticulture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Brhlovce_IMG_2315.JPG/120px-Brhlovce_IMG_2315.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Brhlovce_IMG_2315.JPG/180px-Brhlovce_IMG_2315.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Brhlovce_IMG_2315.JPG/240px-Brhlovce_IMG_2315.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 30</span></span>A <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brhlovce" title="Brhlovce">Brhlovce</a>, Slovakia (from <b><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monk_tasting_wine_from_a_barrel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 31Monastic cellarer tasting wine, from Li Livres dou Santé (French manuscript, late 13th century) (from History of wine)"><img alt="Image 31Monastic cellarer tasting wine, from Li Livres dou Santé (French manuscript, late 13th century) (from History of wine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Monk_tasting_wine_from_a_barrel.jpg/120px-Monk_tasting_wine_from_a_barrel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Monk_tasting_wine_from_a_barrel.jpg/180px-Monk_tasting_wine_from_a_barrel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Monk_tasting_wine_from_a_barrel.jpg/240px-Monk_tasting_wine_from_a_barrel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="358" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 31</span></span>Monastic cellarer tasting wine, from <i>Li Livres dou Santé</i> (French manuscript, late 13th century) (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Areni-1_cave_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 32Entrance to the Areni-1 cave in southern Armenia near the town of Areni where a winery dated to c. 4100 BC was found in 2007. (from History of wine)"><img alt="Image 32Entrance to the Areni-1 cave in southern Armenia near the town of Areni where a winery dated to c. 4100 BC was found in 2007. (from History of wine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Areni-1_cave_entrance.jpg/120px-Areni-1_cave_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Areni-1_cave_entrance.jpg/180px-Areni-1_cave_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Areni-1_cave_entrance.jpg/240px-Areni-1_cave_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 32</span></span>Entrance to the Areni-1 cave in southern Armenia near the town of <a href="/wiki/Areni" title="Areni">Areni</a> where a winery dated to c. 4100 BC was found in 2007. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></b>)</div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AWine%2FSelected_picture%2F3&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_picture" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected picture</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F7;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_wine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A glass of port wine"><img alt="A glass of port wine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Port_wine.jpg/500px-Port_wine.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Port_wine.jpg/750px-Port_wine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Port_wine.jpg/1000px-Port_wine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A glass of port wine</figcaption></figure><div style="margin: 0.5em 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">port wine</a></span></div><small>Credit: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdphoto.org/About.php">Jon Sullivan</a></small></div></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A glass of <a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">port wine</a></div><div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin-top:0.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Wine/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></b></li></ul></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both; width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wines" title="Template:Wines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wines" title="Template talk:Wines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viniculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Viniculture">Viniculture</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annual_growth_cycle_of_grapevines" title="Annual growth cycle of grapevines">Annual growth cycle of grapevines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenology" title="Oenology">Oenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitis#Species" title="Vitis">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veraison" title="Veraison">Veraison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">Vineyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicians_and_wine" title="Phoenicians and wine">Phoenicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Ancient Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome_and_wine" title="Ancient Rome and wine">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_in_China" title="Wine in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_wine" title="Noah's wine">Noah's wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_wine" title="History of French wine">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_French_Wine_Blight" title="Great French Wine Blight">Great French Wine Blight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_wine#History" title="Georgian wine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Paris_(wine)" title="Judgment of Paris (wine)">Judgment of Paris</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">Sparkling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9" title="Rosé">Rosé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_wine" title="Orange wine">Orange</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">Dessert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">Fortified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_wine" title="Ice wine">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatised_wine" title="Aromatised wine">Aromatized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_wine" title="Fruit wine">Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_wine" title="Straw wine">Straw</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_wine" title="Table wine">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_wine" title="Natural wine">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_wine" title="Biodynamic wine">Biodynamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_wine" title="Organic wine">Organic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top <a href="/wiki/List_of_grape_varieties" title="List of grape varieties">grape varieties</a><br />by acreage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air%C3%A9n" title="Airén">Airén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligot%C3%A9" title="Aligoté">Aligoté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catarratto" title="Catarratto">Catarratto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayetana_blanca" title="Cayetana blanca">Cayetana blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenin_blanc" title="Chenin blanc">Chenin blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombard" title="Colombard">Colombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glera_(grape)" title="Glera (grape)">Glera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCner_Veltliner" title="Grüner Veltliner">Grüner Veltliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macabeo" title="Macabeo">Macabeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller-Thurgau" title="Müller-Thurgau">Müller-Thurgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_Blanc_%C3%A0_Petits_Grains" title="Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains">Muscat blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_of_Alexandria" title="Muscat of Alexandria">Muscat of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomino_(grape)" title="Palomino (grape)">Palomino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rkatsiteli" title="Rkatsiteli">Rkatsiteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9millon" title="Sémillon">Sémillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Trebbiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welschriesling" title="Welschriesling">Welschriesling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alicante_Bouschet" title="Alicante Bouschet">Alicante Bouschet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobal" title="Bobal">Bobal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carignan" title="Carignan">Carignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinsaut" title="Cinsaut">Cinsaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douce_noir" title="Douce noir">Douce noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamay" title="Gamay">Gamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenache" title="Grenache">Grenache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_(grape)" title="Isabella (grape)">Isabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malbec" title="Malbec">Malbec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_(grape)" title="Montepulciano (grape)">Montepulciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourv%C3%A8dre" title="Mourvèdre">Mourvèdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempranillo" title="Tempranillo">Tempranillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Zinfandel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_wine" title="French wine">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_wine" title="Alsace wine">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_wine" title="Bordeaux wine">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundy_wine" title="Burgundy wine">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne" title="Champagne">Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley_(wine)" title="Loire Valley (wine)">Loire Valley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piemonte_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piemonte (wine)">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_wine" title="Tuscan wine">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_wine" title="Venetian wine">Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia_wine" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_wine" title="Oregon wine">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_wine" title="Washington wine">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_wine" title="New York wine">New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_wine" title="Spanish wine">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cava_(Spanish_wine)" title="Cava (Spanish wine)">Cava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priorat_(DOQ)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priorat (DOQ)">Priorat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADas_Baixas_(DO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rías Baixas (DO)">Rías Baixas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribera_del_Duero" title="Ribera del Duero">Ribera del Duero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rioja_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rioja (wine)">Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Jerez-Xeres-Sherry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_wine" title="German wine">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_wine" title="Portuguese wine">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_wine" title="Argentine wine">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_wine" title="Chilean wine">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_wine" title="Australian wine">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_wine" title="New Zealand wine">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_wine" title="South African wine">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_wine" title="Mexican wine">Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Packaging, <a href="/wiki/Wine_accessory" title="Wine accessory">accessories</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Storage_of_wine" title="Storage of wine">storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_wine" title="Box wine">Box wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkscrew" title="Corkscrew">Corkscrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decanter" title="Decanter">Decanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_wine" title="Jug wine">Jug wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri">Kvevri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muselet" title="Muselet">Muselet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_tongs" title="Port tongs">Port tongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cave" title="Wine cave">Wine cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cork" title="Wine cork">Wine cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_dispenser" title="Wine dispenser">Wine dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_glass" title="Wine glass">Wine glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_label" title="Wine label">Wine label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_rack" title="Wine rack">Wine rack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wine_chemistry" title="Wine chemistry">Wine chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aroma_of_wine" title="Aroma of wine">Aroma of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Acids in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine" title="Phenolic content in wine">Phenolic content in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteins_in_wine" title="Proteins in wine">Proteins in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_wine" title="Classification of wine">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenophilia" title="Oenophilia">Oenophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommelier" title="Sommelier">Sommelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fault" title="Wine fault">Wine fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine_personalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wine personalities">Wine personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting" title="Wine tasting">Wine tasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_wine" title="Outline of wine">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_wine_terms" title="Glossary of wine terms">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049300"> <div class="PlainNavboxes"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winemaking" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Winemaking" title="Template:Winemaking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Winemaking" title="Template talk:Winemaking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Winemaking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Winemaking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winemaking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvest_(wine)" title="Harvest (wine)">Harvest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_harvest_wine" title="Late harvest wine">Late harvest wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage" title="Vintage">Vintage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pressing_(wine)" title="Pressing (wine)">Pressing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Deacidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destemming" class="mw-redirect" title="Destemming">Destemming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaptalization" title="Chaptalization">Chaptalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_press" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine press">Wine press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maceration_(wine)" title="Maceration (wine)">Maceration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_maceration" title="Carbonic maceration">Carbonic maceration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermentation_in_winemaking" title="Fermentation in winemaking">Fermentation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malolactic_fermentation" title="Malolactic fermentation">Malolactic fermentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine_production" title="Sparkling wine production">Sparkling wine production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCssreserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Süssreserve">Süssreserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_method" title="Traditional method">Traditional method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_assimilable_nitrogen" title="Yeast assimilable nitrogen">Yeast assimilable nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_wine" title="Aging of wine">Aging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oak_(wine)" title="Oak (wine)">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solera" title="Solera">Solera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other steps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarification_and_stabilization_of_wine" title="Clarification and stabilization of wine">Clarification and stabilization of wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winery" title="Winery">Winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_viticulture_terms" title="Glossary of viticulture terms">Glossary of viticulture terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_winemaking_terms" title="Glossary of winemaking terms">Glossary of winemaking terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press" title="History of the wine press">History of the wine press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/8px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/13px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, 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producers">List of champagne producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grape_varieties" title="List of grape varieties">List of grape varieties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vineyards_and_wineries" title="List of vineyards and wineries">List of vineyards and wineries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine_producing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wine producing countries">List of wine producing countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine_professionals" title="List of wine professionals">List of wine professionals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regions" title="List of wine-producing regions">List of wine-producing regions</a></li></ul> <p><b>Wines by country</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Appellation_d%27Origine_Contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e_wines" title="List of Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée wines">List of Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée wines</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_DOC_wines" title="List of Italian DOC 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href="/wiki/Category:Wine_grape_varieties" title="Category:Wine grape varieties">Wine grape varieties</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="History_of_wine" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_wine" title="Category:History of wine">History of wine</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kosher_wine" title="Category:Kosher wine">Kosher wine</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Winemaking" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Winemaking" title="Category:Winemaking">Winemaking</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Oenology" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Oenology" title="Category:Oenology">Oenology</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Wine_industry_organizations" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_industry_organizations" title="Category:Wine industry organizations">Wine industry organizations</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Wine_packaging_and_storage" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_packaging_and_storage" title="Category:Wine packaging and storage">Wine packaging and storage</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Wine_styles" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_styles" title="Category:Wine styles">Wine styles</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Wine_terminology" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_terminology" title="Category:Wine terminology">Wine terminology</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Viticulture" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Viticulture" title="Category:Viticulture">Viticulture</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_bars" title="Category:Wine bars">Wine bars</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_industry_in_Albania" title="Category:Wine industry in Albania">Wine industry in Albania</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_industry_in_Kosovo" title="Category:Wine industry in Kosovo">Wine industry in Kosovo</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Wineries" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wineries" title="Category:Wineries">Wineries</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Works_about_wine" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_about_wine" title="Category:Works about wine">Works about wine</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Wine_stubs" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_stubs" title="Category:Wine stubs">Wine stubs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AWine%2FRelated_WikiProjects&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Related_WikiProjects" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related WikiProjects</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F7;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table style="width: 100%; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 100%;"><i>Parent project:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_Drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and Drink">WikiProject Food and Drink</a></b> </td> <td><div style="float:right;margin-left:0.9em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Society.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProjects"><img alt="WikiProjects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/93px-Society.svg.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/140px-Society.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/186px-Society.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="38" /></a></span><br />        <a href="/wiki/Template:FD_projects" title="Template:FD projects">view</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 100%;"><i>Child projects:</i> </td> <td><i>Task forces:</i> (All inactive) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="font-size: 95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Bacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Bacon">Wikiproject <b>Bacon</b></a> (inactive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Bartending" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Bartending">WikiProject <b>Bartending</b></a> (inactive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Beer" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Beer">WikiProject <b>Beer</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Breakfast" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Breakfast">WikiProject <b>Breakfast</b></a> (inactive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fishing_and_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fishing and Fisheries">WikiProject <b>Fishing</b> and <b>Fisheries</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spirits" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Spirits">WikiProject <b>Spirits</b></a> (semi-active)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Wine">Wikiproject <b>Wine</b></a> (inactive)</li></ul> </td> <td style="font-size: 70%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_drink/Beverages_Task_Force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and drink/Beverages Task Force"><b>Beverages</b> task force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_drink/Cheeses_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and drink/Cheeses task force"><b>Cheeses</b> task force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_drink/Beverages_Task_Force/Coffee_and_Tea_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and drink/Beverages Task Force/Coffee and Tea task force"><b>Coffee and Tea</b> task force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_drink/Desserts_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and drink/Desserts task force"><b>Desserts</b> task force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_drink/Foodservice_taskforce" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and drink/Foodservice taskforce"><b>Foodservice</b> task force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_drink/Herbs_and_Spices_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and drink/Herbs and Spices task force"><b>Herbs and Spices</b> task force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Beer/Pub_Taskforce" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Beer/Pub Taskforce"><b>Pub</b> task force</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 100%;"><i>Related projects:</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Agriculture" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Agriculture">WikiProject <b>Agriculture</b></a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Wine%2FTasks&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Things_you_can_do" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Things you can do</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F7;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table style="background:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <div style="width:65px; font-size:97%; vertical-align:top; padding-top:15px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_editors.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Nuvola_apps_package_editors.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_package_editors.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Nuvola_apps_package_editors.png/75px-Nuvola_apps_package_editors.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Nuvola_apps_package_editors.png/100px-Nuvola_apps_package_editors.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div><br /> </td> <td> <p>Here are some tasks you can do for <i><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Wine">WikiProject Wine</a></b></i>: </p> <div style="font-size:90%; vertical-align:top;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Your_first_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Your first article">Article request</a>:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebastiani_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastiani family (page does not exist)">Sebastiani family</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Wine_Capitals_of_the_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Wine Capitals of the World (page does not exist)">Great Wine Capitals of the World</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_stubs" title="Category:Wine stubs">Expand</a>:</b> any of the ~700 <a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_stubs" title="Category:Wine stubs">wine stubs</a>, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_region_stubs" title="Category:Wine region stubs">region</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_stubs" title="Category:Wine stubs">miscellaneous</a>" ones, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_wine" title="Western Australian wine">Western Australian wine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Start-Class_Wine_articles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Start-Class Wine articles (page does not exist)">Improve</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_wine" title="Canadian wine">Canadian wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_wine" title="Greek wine">Greek wine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Wine_serving_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine serving temperature">wine serving temperature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_wine" title="Western Australian wine">Western Australian wine</a>, other <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Start-Class_Wine_articles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Start-Class Wine articles (page does not exist)">Start class articles</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_development" title="Wikipedia:Article development">Articles to GA</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_wine" title="Australian wine">Australian wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_wine" title="Bordeaux wine">Bordeaux wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundy_wine" title="Burgundy wine">Burgundy wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">California wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champagne_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Champagne (wine)">Champagne (wine)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chianti" title="Chianti">Chianti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">Dessert wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_wine" title="French wine">French wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_wine" title="German wine">German wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenache" title="Grenache">Grenache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Italian wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinot_gris" title="Pinot gris">Pinot gris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rioja_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rioja (wine)">Rioja (wine)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_wine" title="Spanish wine">Spanish wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">Sparkling wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tempranillo" title="Tempranillo">Tempranillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_development" title="Wikipedia:Article development">Articles to FA</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wine_articles_needing_attention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wine articles needing attention (page does not exist)">Cleanup</a>:</b> Cleanup lists of wine-related articles: <a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/bambots/cwb/alpha/Wine.html">all articles</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/bambots/cwb/bycat/Wine.html">articles by category</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Wine/Unreferenced_BLPs" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Wine/Unreferenced BLPs">Unreferenced biographies of living persons</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_copy-edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:How to copy-edit">Copyedit</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Aligot%C3%A9" title="Aligoté">Aligoté</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_franc" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabernet franc">Cabernet franc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malbec" title="Malbec">Malbec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Parker,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert M. Parker, Jr.">Robert M. Parker, Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinot_blanc" title="Pinot blanc">Pinot blanc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rioja_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rioja (wine)">Rioja (wine)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wine_articles_needing_photos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wine articles needing photos (page does not exist)">Photo request</a>:</b> Just about all of them! Any pictures of wine regions, grape varieties or wine would be useful. In particular we need wine region maps that can be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_copyright_tag" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Image copyright tag">licensed</a> for Wikipedia.</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Wine">Collaboration</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Wine">Operation stub-killer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Wine#Nominations_for_Top_Level_Importance" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Wine">Nominations for top level importance</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Infobox:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_grape_variety" title="Template:Infobox grape variety">Template:Infobox grape variety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_winery" title="Template:Infobox winery">Template:Infobox winery</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other:</b> Comment on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Wine/Template_grape_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Wine/Template grape article">grape article template</a> and on the <a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_grape_variety" title="Template:Infobox grape variety">grape infobox</a>. Add to the Wikiquote page for wine: <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wine">Wikiquote wine</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div align="right" class="plainlinksneverexpand" style="margin-right:8px;font-size:80%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Wine/Tasks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Wine/Tasks">view</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Wine/Tasks&action=edit">edit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Wine/Tasks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Wine/Tasks">discuss</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Wine/Tasks&action=history">history</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Wine/Tasks&action=watch">watch</a> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AWine%2FAssociated_Wikimedia&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F7;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Wine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Wine" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Wine">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Wine">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Wine">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Wine">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Wine">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Wine">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/35px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/53px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/70px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Wine">Wikispecies</a></span><br />Directory of species</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Wine">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Special:Search/Wine">Wikivoyage</a></span><br />Free travel guide</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wine" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Wine">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FF99B3;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="More_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">More portals</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BF7386;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F7;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/70px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Random_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/35px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/53px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/70px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/35px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/53px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/70px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Portals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals">WikiProject Portals</a></span></div> </li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div style="text-align:center;"><i class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Special:Purge/Portal:Wine" title="Special:Purge/Portal:Wine"><small>Purge server cache</small></a></i></div> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Wine&oldid=1127746507">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Wine&oldid=1127746507</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_portals" title="Category:All portals">All portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wine" title="Category:Wine">Wine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_portal" title="Category:Wine portal">Wine portal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Beverage_portals" title="Category:Beverage portals">Beverage portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Winemaking" title="Category:Winemaking">Winemaking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Viticulture" title="Category:Viticulture">Viticulture</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: 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