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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressora_electrosensitiva" title="Impressora electrosensitiva – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Impressora electrosensitiva" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresora_t%C3%A9rmica_sobre_papel_metalizado" title="Impresora térmica sobre papel metalizado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Impresora térmica sobre papel metalizado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E9%9B%BB%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%8A%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="放電破壊プリンター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="放電破壊プリンター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressora_eletrossens%C3%ADvel" title="Impressora eletrossensível – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Impressora eletrossensível" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3273281#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the process which uses heat and white thermo paper, see <a href="/wiki/Thermal_printing" title="Thermal printing">thermal printing</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing" title="History of printing">History of printing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg/220px-Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg/330px-Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg/440px-Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="955" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Techniques</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing" title="Woodblock printing">Woodblock printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">200</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">Movable type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1040</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Intaglio_(printmaking)" title="Intaglio (printmaking)">Intaglio (printmaking)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1430</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">Printing press</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1440</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">Etching</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1515</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Mezzotint" title="Mezzotint">Mezzotint</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1642</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Relief_printing" title="Relief printing">Relief printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1690</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Aquatint" title="Aquatint">Aquatint</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1772</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">Lithography</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1796</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Chromolithography" title="Chromolithography">Chromolithography</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1837</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Rotary_printing_press" title="Rotary printing press">Rotary press</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1843</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Hectograph" title="Hectograph">Hectograph</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1860</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Offset_printing" title="Offset printing">Offset printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1875</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Hot_metal_typesetting" title="Hot metal typesetting">Hot metal typesetting</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1884</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Mimeograph" title="Mimeograph">Mimeograph</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1885</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Daisy_wheel_printing" title="Daisy wheel printing">Daisy wheel printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1889</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Photostat_machine" title="Photostat machine">Photostat and rectigraph</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1907</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Screen_printing" title="Screen printing">Screen printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1911</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Spirit_duplicator" title="Spirit duplicator">Spirit duplicator</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1923</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Dot_matrix_printing" title="Dot matrix printing">Dot matrix printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1925</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Xerography" title="Xerography">Xerography</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1938</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spark printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Phototypesetting" title="Phototypesetting">Phototypesetting</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1949</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Inkjet_printing" title="Inkjet printing">Inkjet printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1950</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Dye-sublimation_printing" title="Dye-sublimation printing">Dye-sublimation</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1957</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Laser_printing" title="Laser printing">Laser printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1969</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Thermal_printing" title="Thermal printing">Thermal printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1972</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Solid_ink" title="Solid ink">Solid ink printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1972</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Thermal-transfer_printing" title="Thermal-transfer printing">Thermal-transfer printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1981</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1986</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:"><a href="/wiki/Digital_printing" title="Digital printing">Digital printing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1991</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_printing" title="Template:History of printing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_printing" title="Template talk:History of printing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_printing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of printing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinclair.zx.thermal.printer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sinclair.zx.thermal.printer.jpg/220px-Sinclair.zx.thermal.printer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sinclair.zx.thermal.printer.jpg/330px-Sinclair.zx.thermal.printer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sinclair.zx.thermal.printer.jpg/440px-Sinclair.zx.thermal.printer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1381" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>The Sinclair ZX Printer, a small spark printer for the ZX81 and ZX Spectrum computers</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Spark printing</b> is an obsolete form of <a href="/wiki/Computer_printing" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer printing">computer printing</a> and before that <a href="/wiki/Fax" title="Fax">fax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chart_recorder" title="Chart recorder">chart recorder</a> printing which uses a special <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> coated with a conductive layer over a contrasting backing, originally black carbon over white paper but later <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> over black paper. Printing on this paper uses <a href="/wiki/Pulse_(signal_processing)" title="Pulse (signal processing)">pulses</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electric_current" title="Electric current">electric current</a> to burn away spots of the conductive layer. Typically, one or more <a href="/wiki/Electrode" title="Electrode">electrodes</a> are swept across the page perpendicular to the direction of paper motion to form a <a href="/wiki/Raster_scan" title="Raster scan">raster</a> of potential burnt spots. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Western_Union" title="Western Union">Western Union</a> developed the paper for this printing technology in the late 1940s, under the trademark "<a href="/wiki/Teledeltos" title="Teledeltos">Teledeltos</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Western Union "Deskfax" <a href="/wiki/Fax_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fax machine">fax machine</a>, announced in 1948, was one of the first printers to use this technology.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spark printing was a simple and inexpensive technology. The print quality was relatively poor, but at a time when conventional printers cost hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pounds</a>, spark printers' sub-£100 price was a major selling point. The other major downside is that they can only print onto special metallised paper and such an electrosensitive paper is no longer widely available, but is still sold as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models">Models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spark_printing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1979, the Comprint 912<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was widely advertised as being faster, quieter, and less expensive than competitive matrix printers, with its "special aluminized 'silver paper'" being superior to ordinary paper, and "on those rare occasions when you really do need a plain bond paper copy, just run your Comprint 912 printout through your plain bond copy machine and you've got it." </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_ZX_Printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinclair ZX Printer">Sinclair ZX Printer</a>, introduced in November 1981 for the low-end <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_ZX81" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinclair ZX81">ZX81</a> (and later for the <a href="/wiki/ZX_Spectrum" title="ZX Spectrum">ZX Spectrum</a>) <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computers</a> used the spark printing method, and retailed for <span style="white-space: nowrap">£49.95</span>. </p><p>In the early 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a> released a "Mini Electro Printer", the <a href="/wiki/Casio_FP-10" class="mw-redirect" title="Casio FP-10">FP-10</a> for some of their <a href="/wiki/Scientific_calculator" title="Scientific calculator">scientific calculators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It used Casio CMP-36x5 paper. </p><p>The Hewlett Packard 9120A, which attached to the top of the <a href="/wiki/HP-9100" class="mw-redirect" title="HP-9100">HP-9100</a>A/B calculator, also used the sparking technique. </p><p>Tandy / Radio Shack TRS-80 Screen Printer, Quick Printer, and Quick Printer II all used this same method and special paper. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp Corporation</a> ELSIMATE EL-8151 portable calculator had a built in spark printer which used silver-colored paper. It is known to be compatible with the Casio CMP-36x5 paper used by the <a href="/wiki/Casio_FP-10" class="mw-redirect" title="Casio FP-10">FP-10</a>, despite the Casio paper having a slightly larger core diameter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spark_printing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A different spark printer implementation propelled dry toner from a tiny hole in the end of a glass rod, using a high-voltage spark between the platen and print head. The glass toner rod held a solid mass of toner, pushed toward the ejection tip by a spring. This had the advantage of printing onto plain paper, but the disadvantage of the toner not being cured to the paper, and thus easily smudged. Similar to the Sinclair printer, this printer had only one stylus (the toner rod), since the entire plate behind the paper served as the other spark electrode. The printer could only print one line of pixels at a time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spark_printing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grosvenor Hotchkiss, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://massis.lcs.mit.edu/archives/technical/western-union-tech-review/03-1/p006.htm">Electrosensitive Recording Paper for Facsimile Telegraph Apparatus and Graphic Chart Instruments</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://massis.lcs.mit.edu/archives/technical/western-union-tech-review/03-1/readpg.htm">Western Union Technical Review, Vol. 3, No, 1</a> (January 1949); page 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. H. Ridings, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://massis.lcs.mit.edu/archives/technical/western-union-tech-review/03-1/p017.htm">A Facsimile transceiver for Pickup and Delivery of Telegrams</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://massis.lcs.mit.edu/archives/technical/western-union-tech-review/03-1/readpg.htm">Western Union Technical Review, Vol. 3, No, 1</a> (January 1949); page 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaper_Loop_Consumables2020" class="citation web cs1">Paper Loop Consumables (2020-03-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paperloop.co.uk/products/Electrosensitive-Paper-Roll-60mm-wide-x-34mm-diameter-x-12.7mm-core.html">"Electrosensitive Paper Roll 60mm wide x 34mm diameter x 12.7mm core"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electrosensitive+Paper+Roll+60mm+wide+x+34mm+diameter+x+12.7mm+core&rft.date=2020-03-29&rft.au=Paper+Loop+Consumables&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paperloop.co.uk%2Fproducts%2FElectrosensitive-Paper-Roll-60mm-wide-x-34mm-diameter-x-12.7mm-core.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpark+printing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6J4qlVG62wkC&pg=PA14">"Comprint advertisement"</a>. <i>Computerworld</i>. 8 October 1979<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Comprint+advertisement&rft.date=1979-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6J4qlVG62wkC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpark+printing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=987">"Casio FX-702P"</a>. <i>Computer Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computer+Museum&rft.atitle=Casio+FX-702P&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.old-computers.com%2Fmuseum%2Fcomputer.asp%3Fc%3D987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpark+printing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spark_printing&oldid=1206745367">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spark_printing&oldid=1206745367</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Non-impact_printing" title="Category:Non-impact printing">Non-impact printing</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2012" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 February 2024, at 00:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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