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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Endonyms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endonyms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Endonyms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endonyms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20th_century_and_21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_and_21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>20th century and 21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_and_21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_ethnic_Bubi_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_ethnic_Bubi_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable ethnic Bubi people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_ethnic_Bubi_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bubi people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubil%C9%99r" title="Bubilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bubilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Бубі (народ) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бубі (народ)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubi" title="Bubi – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bubi" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubis" title="Bubis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bubis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubi_(Volk)" title="Bubi (Volk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bubi (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubi" title="Bubi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bubi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubi" title="Bubi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bubi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubi_(peuple)" title="Bubi (peuple) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bubi (peuple)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_bubi" title="Pobo bubi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo bubi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubi" title="Bubi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bubi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8_(%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B)" title="Буби (халық) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Буби (халық)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Бубивлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Бубивлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8C" title="Буби халкь – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Буби халкь" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubiai_(tauta)" title="Bubiai (tauta) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bubiai (tauta)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89" title="شعب بوبى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شعب بوبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubi_(volk)" title="Bubi (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bubi (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%93%E6%97%8F" title="ブビ族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブビ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubi_(folk)" title="Bubi (folk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bubi (folk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubis" title="Bubis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bubis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Буби (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Буби (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Буби – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Буби" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubit" title="Bubit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bubit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bantu ethnic group of Equatorial Guinea</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bubi_people" title="Special:EditPage/Bubi people">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bubi+people%22">"Bubi people"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bubi+people%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bubi+people%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bubi+people%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bubi+people%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bubi+people%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Bubi</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bubi_tribal_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bubi_tribal_flag.svg/220px-Bubi_tribal_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bubi_tribal_flag.svg/330px-Bubi_tribal_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bubi_tribal_flag.svg/440px-Bubi_tribal_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="409" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bubi <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_flag" title="Ethnic flag">ethnic flag</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bubi_children.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bubi_children.jpg/220px-Bubi_children.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Bubi_children.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="143" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bubi children</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">~100,000 worldwide<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> 64,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Bube_language" title="Bube language">Bube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly: <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> Minority: <a href="/wiki/African_traditional_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="African traditional religion">African traditional religion</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">other Bantu peoples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo people</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Bubi people</b> (also known as <b>Bobe</b>, <b>Voove</b>, <b>Ewota</b> and <b>Bantu Bubi</b>) are a <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> ethnic group of <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a> who are indigenous to <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Bioko Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>. Once the majority group in the region, the population experienced a sharp decline due to war and disease during Portuguese expeditions. By the end of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Spanish colonial rule</a> in the mid 20th century, and after substantial intermarriage with newly introduced populations, such as <a href="/wiki/Afro-Cubans" title="Afro-Cubans">Afro-Cubans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernandino_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernandino peoples">Krio people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spaniards</a>, the Bubi people, again, experienced a great decline in number. Seventy-five percent perished due to <a href="/wiki/Tribal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribal">tribal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">clan</a> rooted political genocide during a civil war that led to Spanish Guinea's independence from Spain.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This, too, sparked mass exodus from their homeland with most of the <a href="/wiki/Exiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Exiles">exiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees">refugees</a> immigrating into <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. The indigenous Bubi of <a href="/wiki/Bioko_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioko Island">Bioko Island</a> have since co-existed with non-indigenous <a href="/wiki/Fernandino_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernandino peoples">Krio Fernandinos</a>; and members of the <a href="/wiki/Fang_people" title="Fang people">Fang</a> ethnic group, who have immigrated in large numbers from <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Muni" title="Río Muni">Río Muni</a>. Once numbering approximately 3 million,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the Bubi currently number around 100,000 worldwide. </p><p>The Bubi people, both living in Equatorial Guinea and exiled abroad, have long held little political power and economic stake in their native land. However, appointed government officials, such as the former <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Equatorial Guinea">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Abia_Biteo_Boric%C3%B3" title="Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó">Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó</a> and several other members of the current Equatorial Guinea government, are of ethnic Bubi descent. </p><p>Most Bubi people that remain on Bioko Island, as well as those native to <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, speak the <a href="/wiki/Bube_language" title="Bube language">Bube language</a>. Many of the islanders also speak <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> as a secondary language.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubi_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bubi_people" title="Special:EditPage/Bubi people">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The name applied to the tribe, <i>"Bubi"</i>, did not originate from within the tribe. It was given to them by pre-colonial visitors to the island of <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Bioko</a>. It has been suggested that the term <i>"bubi"</i> was derived from the bubi word <i>boobè</i> (the people from the south of the island use <i>moomè</i>) which means <i>"man"</i>. More than likely, the term was taken from Europeans who had heard the manner in which the indigenous people of <a href="/wiki/Bioko_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioko Island">Bioko Island</a> greeted one another. <i>"A boobe, oipodi"</i> translates into <i>"good morning, man"</i>. From the word <i>"boobè"</i>, meaning male, the term Bubi was derived by foreigners. Subsequently, the term <i>"bubi"</i> was adopted by the indigenous people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endonyms">Endonyms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubi_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Endonyms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally the Bubi referred to themselves as <i>"people of the land who are among the living"</i>. In the Bubi language, the translation of this phrase varied per region within the Bubi Kingdom: </p> <ul><li><b>North</b> — <i>"bochoboche"</i>; plural <i>"bechoboche"</i></li> <li><b>Northeast</b> — <i>"bosoboiso"</i>; plural <i>"besoboiso"</i></li> <li><b>East</b> — <i>"boschosboricho"</i>; plural <i>"bachosboricho"</i></li> <li><b>South</b> — <i>"mochomorischo"</i>; plural <i>"bachoboricho"</i></li> <li><b>Southwest</b> — <i>"menchomoboncho"</i>; plural <i>"bandiobaboncho"</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubi_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bioko_BMNG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bioko_BMNG.png/220px-Bioko_BMNG.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bioko_BMNG.png/330px-Bioko_BMNG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bioko_BMNG.png/440px-Bioko_BMNG.png 2x" data-file-width="1731" data-file-height="1927" /></a><figcaption>Bioko Island, the indigenous land of the Bubi Kingdom</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bubi people are subdivided into a number of tribes and subtribes that go back centuries. Indigenous Bubi folklore indicate that the tribe immigrated to Bioko Island some 3,000 years ago as a means of escaping servitude. The Bubi immigrated to <a href="/wiki/Bioko_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioko Island">Bioko Island</a> some time during the 13th century, some 200 years before it was colonized by the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other reports suggest that the tribe arrived between the 5th and the 18th centuries from southern <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> and the mainland area of the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Muni" title="Río Muni">Río Muni</a>. </p><p>One perspective offers that the Bubi were once enslaved by a single continental African tribe,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> likely another Bantu ethnic group that once occupied areas along the shores of West Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another suggests those who immigrated to <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Bioko</a> 3,000 years ago descended from enslaved members from a number of ethnic groups that existed up and down the West-Central African region during that time. In essence, the tribe is a result of an amalgamation of small tribal groups who immigrated to Bioko Island in several waves, and each group established its own enclave upon the island. Throughout their history, these groups engaged in brutal battles for supremacy, though the fighting was not relegated strictly to inter-clan rivalries. The Bubi were known to have had long battles against one another on an individual, family, district, city, and tribal level—this led to a near constant state of warfare on the island. </p><p>The Bubi were isolated and undisturbed for much time, leading them to form a unique society, language and belief system different from the mainland Bantus.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boubies-1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Boubies-1875.jpg/220px-Boubies-1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Boubies-1875.jpg/330px-Boubies-1875.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Boubies-1875.jpg/440px-Boubies-1875.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>An 1875 <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a> of the Bubi people</figcaption></figure> <p>With the arrival of Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_do_P%C3%B3" title="Fernão do Pó">Fernando Po</a>, life changed drastically for the native Bubi. Explorers killed the Bubis, and those Bubi who escaped the explorers caught diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Whooping_cough" title="Whooping cough">whooping cough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a> from the foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2020203_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2020203-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For several centuries, Europeans attempted to penetrate the island of Bioko. They, however, were met with staunch resistance, purported savagery, by the Bubi. A German <a href="/wiki/Brandenburger_Gold_Coast" title="Brandenburger Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a> merchant wrote <i>"The island of Fernando Po is inhabited by a savage and cruel sort of people,"</i> and that Europeans did not dare to dock upon their beaches, for fear of surprise attacks from natives with dart-weapons. Surprise attacks on explorers and colonists were a common phenomenon during this period—in fact, the Bubi had a system of social rank that depended largely on how many rivals a man had killed through stealth or subterfuge. Because of this, the Bubi remained unconquered by European imperialism until the start of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Led by their kings, the Bubi were well aware of the slave trade in the region and, for centuries, were very wary of outsiders. This was later reduced when the island leadership began to trade and barter with the Europeans, so Europeans were able to infiltrate the island's social and political structures.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gradually, European influence on the island increased. Portugal laid claim to it, and then traded it to Spain. By the early 19th century, Bioko was a short-term integral point in the transfer of slaves from mainland Africa to the Americas. However, the flow of humans trafficked through the port was constantly disrupted by indigenous groups who organized to steal and free many of those transported. The port was closed by the end of the 19th century at the order of the British government who set up military occupation of the port for the latter half of the century. Over time, the influence of the Bubi has greatly diminished, and they are now a minority upon the island, as well as in the nation of Equatorial Guinea itself.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_and_21st_century">20th century and 21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubi_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century and 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bubi_nationalist_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Bubi_nationalist_flag.svg/220px-Bubi_nationalist_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Bubi_nationalist_flag.svg/330px-Bubi_nationalist_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Bubi_nationalist_flag.svg/440px-Bubi_nationalist_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Bubi separatist, or nationalist, flag</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mac%C3%ADas_Nguema" title="Francisco Macías Nguema">Francisco Macías Nguema</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Equatorial Guinea">President of Equatorial Guinea</a>, from 1968 until his overthrow in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his presidency, he declared himself a "Hitlerian-Marxist" and his country was nicknamed "the <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a> of Africa".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nguema's regime was characterized by its abandonment of all government functions except internal security, which was accomplished by terror; he acted as chief judge and sentenced thousands to death. This led to the death or exile of up to 1/3 of the country's population. Out of a population of 300,000, an estimated 80,000 had been killed, in particular those of the Bubi ethnic minority on <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Bioko</a> associated with relative wealth and intellectualism.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All schools were ordered closed in 1975. The economy collapsed, and skilled citizens and foreigners left.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 3, 1979, he was overthrown by <a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Macías Nguema was captured, tried for <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> and other crimes along with 10 others. All of them were found guilty, four received terms of imprisonment, while Nguema and the other six were executed a few weeks later on September 29.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protesta_Contra_la_persecuci%C3%B3n_a_%22_la_Cultura_Bubi%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Protesta_Contra_la_persecuci%C3%B3n_a_%22_la_Cultura_Bubi%22.jpg/220px-Protesta_Contra_la_persecuci%C3%B3n_a_%22_la_Cultura_Bubi%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Protesta_Contra_la_persecuci%C3%B3n_a_%22_la_Cultura_Bubi%22.jpg/330px-Protesta_Contra_la_persecuci%C3%B3n_a_%22_la_Cultura_Bubi%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Protesta_Contra_la_persecuci%C3%B3n_a_%22_la_Cultura_Bubi%22.jpg/440px-Protesta_Contra_la_persecuci%C3%B3n_a_%22_la_Cultura_Bubi%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Protest against the persecution of the Bubi culture in front of the Embassy of Equatorial Guinea in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1998, many Bubi people were tortured to extract confessions following their arrest after launching several attacks on military barracks in which three soldiers and several civilians were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Amnesty_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least six detainees reportedly died after being tortured.<sup id="cite_ref-Amnesty_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bubi women were publicly humiliated in the courtyard of the police station in <a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a> with some being forced to swim naked in the mud in front of other detainees whilst others were sexually abused.<sup id="cite_ref-Amnesty_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John B. Quigley in <i>The Genocide Convention: An International Law Analysis</i> points out that at Macías Nguema's trial for genocide that Equatorial Guinea had not ratified the Genocide Convention and that records of the court proceedings show that there was some confusion over whether Nguema and his co-defendants were tried under the laws of Spain, or whether the trial was justified on the claim that the Genocide Convention was part of customary international law. Quigley states that "The Macias case stands out as the most confusing of domestic genocide prosecutions from the standpoint of the applicable law. The Macias conviction is also problematic from the standpoint of the identity of the protected group."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Equatorial Guinea">prime minister of Equatorial Guinea</a> has been from the Bubi minority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVines20099_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVines20099-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last Bubi prime minister was <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Abia_Biteo_Boric%C3%B3" title="Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó">Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó</a>, following the forced resignation of Boricó's cabinet in August 2006 on charges of corruption and incompetence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVines20099_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVines20099-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obiang then appointed <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Mangue_Obama_Nfubea" title="Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea">Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea</a>, who was a <a href="/wiki/Fang_people" title="Fang people">Fang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVines200910_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVines200910-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubi_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bubi people are mainly Catholics. This is due to Spanish influence during the colonial age when the Spanish ruled over Bioko Island and Río Muni. </p><p>Traditional pre-Christian beliefs are prevalent in Bubi spirituality. In the ancient belief system of the Bubi, the head god was called Rupe (or Eri in the southern region of the island) who created and cared for the world. The spirit world was said to consist of three parts: <i>Labako-ppua</i> (heaven and the angels), <i>Ommo ich'ori</i> (hell and the bad angels), and <i>Ommo boeboe</i> (limbo). The spiritual world and material world constantly melded and layered upon each other which meant that the Bubi people and the supernatural spirits shared the land. Sinister spirits were blamed for illness, accidents, and misfortune. Every unique natural landmark was also said to be associated with a spirit with rivers, lakes, and mountains having specific spiritual power.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_ethnic_Bubi_people">Notable ethnic Bubi people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubi_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable ethnic Bubi people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bubi_people" title="Special:EditPage/Bubi people">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_Entrepreneurs_and_the_SDGs_(44650497235).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Women_Entrepreneurs_and_the_SDGs_%2844650497235%29.jpg/170px-Women_Entrepreneurs_and_the_SDGs_%2844650497235%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Women_Entrepreneurs_and_the_SDGs_%2844650497235%29.jpg/255px-Women_Entrepreneurs_and_the_SDGs_%2844650497235%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Women_Entrepreneurs_and_the_SDGs_%2844650497235%29.jpg/340px-Women_Entrepreneurs_and_the_SDGs_%2844650497235%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2666" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bisila_Bokoko" title="Bisila Bokoko">Bisila Bokoko</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Siale_Bileka" title="Silvestre Siale Bileka">Silvestre Siale Bileka</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristino_Seriche_Bioko" title="Cristino Seriche Bioko">Cristino Seriche Bioko</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aauri_Bokesa" title="Aauri Bokesa">Aauri Bokesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisila_Bokoko" title="Bisila Bokoko">Bisila Bokoko</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipo_Bohale" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipo Bohale">Sipo Bohale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_Boho" title="Jade Boho">Jade Boho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justo_Bolekia_Bolek%C3%A1" title="Justo Bolekia Boleká">Justo Bolekia Boleká</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Balboa_Boneke" title="Juan Balboa Boneke">Juan Balboa Boneke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Abia_Biteo_Boric%C3%B3" title="Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó">Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVines20099_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVines20099-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Bosaho" title="Rita Bosaho">Rita Bosaho</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorian_Jr." title="Dorian Jr.">Dorian Jr.</a> (Meha, mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Buale" title="Emilio Buale">Emilio Buale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concha_Buika" title="Concha Buika">Concha Buika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Buika" title="Virginia Buika">Virginia Buika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jannick_Buyla" title="Jannick Buyla">Jannick Buyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Fabiani" title="Raúl Fabiani">Raúl Fabiani</a> (Bosio, mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Anieboh" title="Marvin Anieboh">Marvin Anieboh</a> (Lajay, maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Buyla" title="Hugo Buyla">Hugo Buyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Siaf%C3%A1" title="Óscar Siafá">Óscar Siafá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Jordan Gutiérrez">Jordan Gutiérrez</a> (Silebo, maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Mascarell" title="Omar Mascarell">Omar Mascarell</a> (Inta, paternal grandfather's mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijas_del_Sol" title="Hijas del Sol">Hijas del Sol</a> (Apo)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubi_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bubi language">Bubi language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipados" title="Emancipados">Emancipados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernandino_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernandino peoples">Fernandino peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Self-Determination_of_Bioko_Island" title="Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island">Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Human rights in Equatorial Guinea">Human rights in Equatorial Guinea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubi_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAymemí1942" class="citation book cs1">Aymemí, Antonio (1942). <i><span></span></i>The History of the Bubis on Fernando Po<i><span></span></i>. Colleen Truelsen (trans.). Imprenta de Galo Saez. Chapter 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Bubis+on+Fernando+Po&rft.pages=Chapter+9&rft.pub=Imprenta+de+Galo+Saez&rft.date=1942&rft.aulast=Aymem%C3%AD&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABubi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSundiata2019" class="citation book cs1">Sundiata, Ibrahim K. (2019-04-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ugScDwAAQBAJ&q=bioko+portuguese&pg=PT24"><i>Equatorial Guinea: Colonialism, State Terror, And The Search For Stability</i></a>. 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Antonio (1942). <i><span></span></i>The History of the Bubis on Fernando Po<i><span></span></i>. Colleen Truelsen (trans.). Imprenta de Galo Saez. Chapter 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Bubis+on+Fernando+Po&rft.pages=Chapter+1&rft.pub=Imprenta+de+Galo+Saez&rft.date=1942&rft.aulast=Aymem%C3%AD&rft.aufirst=R.P.+Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABubi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkutsch2005" class="citation book cs1">Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005). <i>Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities</i>. 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Sundiata; Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1996; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-299-14510-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-299-14510-7">0-299-14510-7</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-14510-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-14510-1">978-0-299-14510-1</a>; p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictatorofthemonth.com/Nguema/Dec2001NguemaEN.htm">Francisco Macias Nguema</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050328174604/http://www.dictatorofthemonth.com/Nguema/Dec2001NguemaEN.htm">Archived</a> March 28, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaden" class="citation book cs1">Caden, Cynthia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325005634/http://alerta360.org/secciones/terror/guinea_ecuatorial.pdf"><i>GUINEA ECUATORIAL EL AUSCHWITZ DE ÁFRICA</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Quigley (2006) <i>The Genocide Convention: An International Law Analysis</i>, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-4730-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-4730-7">0-7546-4730-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXZ8qMR5YVQC&pg=PA31">p.31</a>, 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Equatorial-Guinea-HISTORY.html">"Equatorial Guinea"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of the Nations</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Color&rft.atitle=An+Interview+with+International+Business+Leader%3A+Bisila+Bokoko&rft.date=2018-03-12&rft.aulast=Cutts&rft.aufirst=Evan+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcolormagazine.com%2Finterview-international-business-leader-bisila-bokoko%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABubi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/loc/famosos/2020/01/21/5e208a9221efa0ea158b458f.html">"Rita Bosaho, mano derecha de Irene Montero, primera diputada afroespañola y sobrina de franquista"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo (Spain)</a></i>. 2020-01-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200121063725/https://www.elmundo.es/loc/famosos/2020/01/21/5e208a9221efa0ea158b458f.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo+%28Spain%29&rft.atitle=Rita+Bosaho%2C+mano+derecha+de+Irene+Montero%2C+primera+diputada+afroespa%C3%B1ola+y+sobrina+de+franquista&rft.date=2020-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Floc%2Ffamosos%2F2020%2F01%2F21%2F5e208a9221efa0ea158b458f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABubi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nubenegra.com/sibeba.html">"Nubenegra.com"</a>. <i>nubenegra.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102215953/http://nubenegra.com/sibeba.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-01-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nubenegra.com&rft.atitle=Nubenegra.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnubenegra.com%2Fsibeba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABubi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubi_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVines2009" class="citation book cs1">Vines, Alex (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CnlkA-QBizAC"><i>Well Oiled: Oil and Human Rights in Equatorial Guinea</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781564325167" title="Special:BookSources/9781564325167"><bdi>9781564325167</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Well+Oiled%3A+Oil+and+Human+Rights+in+Equatorial+Guinea&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781564325167&rft.aulast=Vines&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCnlkA-QBizAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABubi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2020" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Victoria R. (February 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3_zRDwAAQBAJ"><i>Indigenous Peoples: An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival [4 Volumes]</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440861185" title="Special:BookSources/9781440861185"><bdi>9781440861185</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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talk:Ethnic groups in Cameroon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Cameroon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Cameroon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Cameroon29" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Cameroon">Ethnic groups in Cameroon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akunakuna" title="Akunakuna">Akunakuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_people" title="Ana people">Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Cameroonian" title="Anglophone Cameroonian">Anglo-Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aro_people" title="Aro people">Aro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bafia_people" title="Bafia people">Bafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baka_people_(Cameroon_and_Gabon)" title="Baka people (Cameroon and Gabon)">Baka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakoko_people" title="Bakoko people">Bakoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakossi_people" title="Bakossi people">Bakossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baligham" title="Baligham">Baligham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamileke_people" title="Bamileke people">Bamileke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_people" title="Bamum people">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_people" title="Banda people">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_people_(Cameroon)" title="Bassa people (Cameroon)">Bassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beti-Pahuin_peoples" title="Beti-Pahuin peoples">Beti-Pahuin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beti_people" title="Beti people">Beti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_people" title="Fang people">Fang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buduma_people" title="Buduma people">Buduma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamba_people" title="Chamba people">Chamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duala_people" title="Duala people">Duala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwe%27e_people" title="Dwe'e people">Dwe'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekoi_people" title="Ekoi people">Ekoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbaya_people" title="Gbaya people">Gbaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_people" title="Hausa people">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yerwa_Kanuri_people" title="Yerwa Kanuri people">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirdi" title="Kirdi">Kirdi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fali_people" title="Fali people">Fali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapsiki_people" title="Kapsiki people">Kapsiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafa_people" title="Mafa people">Mafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa_people" title="Masa people">Masa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musgum_people" title="Musgum people">Musgum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupuri_people" title="Tupuri people">Tupuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kole_people" title="Kole people">Kole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom_people_(Cameroon)" title="Kom people (Cameroon)">Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombe_people" title="Kombe people">Kombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotoko_people" title="Kotoko people">Kotoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuteb_people" title="Kuteb people">Kuteb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwe_people" title="Kwe people">Kwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwele_people" title="Kwele people">Kwele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_people_(Cameroon)" title="Limba people (Cameroon)">Limba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaa_people" title="Makaa people">Makaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambila_people" title="Mambila people">Mambila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandara_people" title="Mandara people">Mandara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankon" title="Mankon">Mankon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbo_people_(Cameroon)" title="Mbo people (Cameroon)">Mbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mboko_people" title="Mboko people">Mboko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofu" title="Mofu">Mofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mungo_people" title="Mungo people">Mungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njem_people" title="Njem people">Njem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nso_people" title="Nso people">Nso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzime_people" title="Nzime people">Nzime</a></li> <li>Pori</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggara_Arabs" title="Baggara Arabs">Shuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subu_people" title="Subu people">Subu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikar_people" title="Tikar people">Tikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiv_people" title="Tiv people">Tiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vengo_people" title="Vengo people">Vengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widikum_people" title="Widikum people">Widikum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wodaabe" title="Wodaabe">Wodaabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wovea_people" title="Wovea people">Wovea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Equatorial_Guinea86" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Equatorial Guinea"><abbr title="View this 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href="/wiki/Beti_people" title="Beti people">Beti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_people" title="Fang people">Fang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernandino_people" title="Fernandino people">Fernandino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombe_people" title="Kombe people">Kombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwasio_people" title="Kwasio people">Kwasio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengue_people" title="Lengue people">Lengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_diaspora_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Spanish diaspora in Equatorial Guinea">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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