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href="https://www.academia.edu/39468003/NOTE_XEROX_COPY_OF_THIS_DOC_IS_STRICTLY_PROHIBITED_Unit_I_1_1_The_Chemistry_of_Petroleum_Kingdom_1_1_1_Compounds_of_Straight_Run_Gasolines">NOTE: XEROX COPY OF THIS DOC. IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED Unit-I 1.1 The Chemistry of Petroleum Kingdom. 1.1.1 Compounds of Straight Run Gasolines</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="116396774" href="https://mu.academia.edu/SatejGaikwad">Satej Gaikwad</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Petro Chemical, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Petroleum (Crude oil) consists of mainly carbon (83-87%) and hydrogen (12-14%) having complex hydrocarbon mixture like paraffins, naphthenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, gaseous hydrocarbons (from CH4 to C4H10). Crude oil also contains small amount of non-hydrocarbons (sulphur compounds, nitrogen compounds, oxygen compounds) and minerals heavier crudes contains higher sulphur. Hydrocarbons Paraffins (Alkanes) are straight carbon chain of methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane and hexane with general formula CnH2n+2 Boiling point increases as the number of carbon atom increase from 25 to 40, hence paraffin becomes waxy. Iso-paraffins (Iso-alkanes) are branched carbon chain of Iso-butane, Iso-pentane, neo-pentane, and iso-octane. The number of possible isomers increases with increase in number of carbon atoms. Olefins (Alkenes) are one pair of carbon atoms of ethylene and propylene. With general formula CnH2n Olefins are not present in crude oil, but are formed during process undesirable in the product because of their high reactivity. Low molecular weight olefins have good antiknock properties. Naphthenes are 5 or 6 membered carbon atom ring of cyclo-pentane, methyl cyclo-pentane, and dimethyl cyclo-pentane. With general formula CnH2n+2-2Rn where Rn is number of naphthenic ring The average crude oil contains about 50% by weight naphthenes. Aromatics are 6 membered carbon atom ring with three around linkage. Like benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene, cumene and naphthalene. Aromatics are not desirable in kerosene and lubricating oil. Benzene is carcinogenic and hence undesirable part of gasoline.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"NOTE: XEROX COPY OF THIS DOC. IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED Unit-I 1.1 The Chemistry of Petroleum Kingdom. 1.1.1 Compounds of Straight Run Gasolines","attachmentId":59614755,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39468003/NOTE_XEROX_COPY_OF_THIS_DOC_IS_STRICTLY_PROHIBITED_Unit_I_1_1_The_Chemistry_of_Petroleum_Kingdom_1_1_1_Compounds_of_Straight_Run_Gasolines","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39468003/NOTE_XEROX_COPY_OF_THIS_DOC_IS_STRICTLY_PROHIBITED_Unit_I_1_1_The_Chemistry_of_Petroleum_Kingdom_1_1_1_Compounds_of_Straight_Run_Gasolines"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="92790152" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92790152/Petroleum_Chemical_Composition">Petroleum Chemical Composition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="156087162" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdulQuddus106">Abdul Quddus</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Petroleum Chemical Composition, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The knowledge of chemical composition of crude oil is important which is correlated to the origin of organic matter, behavior of petroleum during refining, quality of petroleum products and environmental impact. The various factors influencing chemical compositions such as characteristics of original organic matter, geological environment and production methods are described. Details of chemical composition is given which is divided into elemental and molecular compositions. Elemental composition is simpler and can be descried by citing few elements C, H, N, O, S, and metal. They all vary from field to field but remain within the small range. Significance of each element has been discussed. Molecular composition of natural gas is described which consists of a dozen molecules. Molecular composition of crude oil is complicated which is composed of thousands of molecules of different structure and characteristics. Molecules from low boiling point fraction up to 220 0 C can be identified by instrumental analytical methods. Heavier residual fraction composed complex structure and individual molecules cannot be identified. Complexity of molecules increases with molecular size and boiling point. For convenience and practical and applications, crude oil is divided into seven molecular types of organic compounds called homologous series, paraffins, olefins. naphthenes, aromatics, naphthenes-aromatics, resins and asphaltenes. Each type is also complex mixture but much simpler than crude oil matrix. Nomenclature, chemical formula and property of each molecular type has been discussed in detail.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Petroleum Chemical Composition","attachmentId":95705874,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92790152/Petroleum_Chemical_Composition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92790152/Petroleum_Chemical_Composition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="7602363" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7602363/Bierkens_Geerts_2014_Environmental_hazard_and_risk_characterisation_of_petroleumsubstances_">Bierkens Geerts 2014 Environmental hazard and risk characterisation of petroleumsubstances:</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13713618" href="https://vito.academia.edu/JBierkens">Johan Bierkens</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bierkens Geerts 2014 Environmental hazard and risk characterisation of petroleumsubstances:","attachmentId":34152483,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7602363/Bierkens_Geerts_2014_Environmental_hazard_and_risk_characterisation_of_petroleumsubstances_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7602363/Bierkens_Geerts_2014_Environmental_hazard_and_risk_characterisation_of_petroleumsubstances_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="40221483" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40221483/Hydrocarbon_Analysis">Hydrocarbon Analysis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="95795105" href="https://pitagoras.academia.edu/LeopoldinoVieiraNeto">Leopoldino L E O V I N E Leovine</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Lab: CTEBC - Low Carbon Energy and Technology Center, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">According to Price, Leigh C. (1997) Stachel, T; Anetta Banas; Karlis Muehlenbachs; Stephan Kurszlaukis; Edward C. Walker (2006) for the formation of oil is necessary a non-oxidizing environment, thus, it is assumed a deposition environment composed of sediments of low permeability, inhibiting the action of circulating water inside. 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