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href="#Insurgency_spreading_to_other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Insurgency spreading to other countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insurgency_spreading_to_other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Niger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Niger </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burkina_Faso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burkina_Faso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Burkina Faso </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burkina_Faso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 2020s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boko_Haram_and_ISWAP_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boko_Haram_and_ISWAP_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Boko Haram and ISWAP insurgency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boko_Haram_and_ISWAP_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Timeline </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Timeline subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 2012 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.11 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.12 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.13 2024 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also 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href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%DA%A9%DB%90_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="په ساحل کې د اسلام پالو فعالیتونه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="په ساحل کې د اسلام پالو فعالیتونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_do_Sahel" title="Guerra do Sahel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra do Sahel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahelin_kriisi" title="Sahelin kriisi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sahelin kriisi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Insurgency throughout the Sahel and West Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a> and spillover of the <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_activity_area_of_the_ISGS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_activity_area_of_the_ISGS.png/220px-The_activity_area_of_the_ISGS.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_activity_area_of_the_ISGS.png/330px-The_activity_area_of_the_ISGS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_activity_area_of_the_ISGS.png/440px-The_activity_area_of_the_ISGS.png 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="473" /></a> Map showing areas where the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_the_Greater_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in the Greater Sahara">Islamic State in the Greater Sahara</a> operates</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>15 February 2011 – present (13 years, 9 months)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> (mainly <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Status</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_military_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ongoing military conflicts">Ongoing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a>: Tuareg rebels and allied Islamists overrun <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mali">Northern Mali</a> in 2012 until pushed back by a <a href="/wiki/Operation_Serval" title="Operation Serval">French intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</a>: Mali War spills over into Burkina Faso by 2015 as Islamists capture about 40% of Burkinabé territory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> arises in Nigeria and extends in Chad, Niger, and Cameroon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Jihadist insurgency in Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">American</a> intervention on behalf of governments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Al-Qaeda–Islamic State conflict">Al-Qaeda–Islamic State conflict</a> and the <a href="/wiki/JNIM-ISGS_war" title="JNIM-ISGS war">JNIM-ISGS war</a></li> <li>Rise of the <a href="/wiki/Coup_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup belt">coup belt</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Local governments: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a><a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations"><img alt="United Nations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/MINUSMA" class="mw-redirect" title="MINUSMA">MINUSMA</a><a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a> (2013–2023) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/AFISMA" class="mw-redirect" title="AFISMA">AFISMA</a><a href="#cite_note-france-7">[7]</a> (from 2013) <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/22px-MNLA_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/33px-MNLA_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/44px-MNLA_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Azawad" title="National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad">National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad</a> (from 2012) <hr /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Supported by:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-ledauphine-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-economist-9">[9]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><a href="#cite_note-Flintlock-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><a href="#cite_note-Atlas_Accord-13">[13]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> </li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> and allies: <a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/AQIM" class="mw-redirect" title="AQIM">AQIM</a> (from 2007) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/JNIM" class="mw-redirect" title="JNIM">JNIM</a> (from 2017) <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Drapeau_Ansar_Dine.svg/22px-Drapeau_Ansar_Dine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Drapeau_Ansar_Dine.svg/33px-Drapeau_Ansar_Dine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Drapeau_Ansar_Dine.svg/44px-Drapeau_Ansar_Dine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="369" /> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a> (2012–17)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Macina_Liberation_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Macina Liberation Front">Macina Liberation Front</a> (2015–17)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun_(militant_group)" title="Al-Mourabitoun (militant group)">Al-Mourabitoun</a> (2013–17) <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mulathameen" title="Al-Mulathameen">Al-Mulathameen</a> (until 2013)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/MUJAO" class="mw-redirect" title="MUJAO">MUJAO</a> (2011–13)</li></ul></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Mali)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Mali)">Ansar al-Sharia of Mali</a> (2012–present) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_ul_Islam_(Western_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansar ul Islam (Western Africa)">Ansar ul Islam</a> (2016–present) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Salafist_Group_for_Preaching_and_Combat" title="Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat">Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat</a> remnants<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/22px-MNLA_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/33px-MNLA_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/44px-MNLA_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Azawad" title="National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad">National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad</a> (2012) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Mauritania)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Mauritania)">Ansar al-Sharia of Mauritania</a> (until 2019) <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/IS-GS" class="mw-redirect" title="IS-GS">IS-GS</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a> (from 2006, partially aligned with ISIL since 2015)<a href="#cite_note-ibtimes-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/ISWAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISWAP">ISWAP</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_Ansaru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ansaru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_Ansaru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ansaru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_Ansaru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ansaru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Ansaru" title="Ansaru">Ansaru</a> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Movement_(Nigeria)" title="Islamic Movement (Nigeria)">Islamic Movement of Nigeria</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Assimi_Go%C3%AFta" title="Assimi Goïta">Assimi Goïta</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Choguel_Kokalla_Ma%C3%AFga" title="Choguel Kokalla Maïga">Choguel Kokalla Maïga</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Traor%C3%A9" title="Ibrahim Traoré">Ibrahim Traoré</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Apollinaire_J._Ky%C3%A9lem_de_Tamb%C3%A8la" title="Apollinaire J. Kyélem de Tambèla">Apollinaire J. Kyélem de Tambèla</a> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdourahamane_Tchiani" title="Abdourahamane Tchiani">Abdourahamane Tchiani</a> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Lamine_Zeine" title="Ali Lamine Zeine">Ali Lamine Zeine</a> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ngute" title="Joseph Ngute">Joseph Ngute</a> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat Déby">Mahamat Déby</a> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Succ%C3%A8s_Masra" title="Succès Masra">Succès Masra</a> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9" title="Faure Gnassingbé">Faure Gnassingbé</a> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Victoire_Tomegah_Dogb%C3%A9" title="Victoire Tomegah Dogbé">Victoire Tomegah Dogbé</a> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nana_Akufo-Addo" title="Nana Akufo-Addo">Nana Akufo-Addo</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara">Alassane Ouattara</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Beugr%C3%A9_Mamb%C3%A9" title="Robert Beugré Mambé">Robert Beugré Mambé</a> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin"><img alt="Benin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Talon" title="Patrice Talon">Patrice Talon</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Former commanders:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Amadou_Toumani_Tour%C3%A9" title="Amadou Toumani Touré">Amadou Toumani Touré</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dioncounda_Traor%C3%A9" title="Dioncounda Traoré">Dioncounda Traoré</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Boubacar_Ke%C3%AFta" title="Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta">Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bah_Ndaw" title="Bah Ndaw">Bah Ndaw</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Modibo_Sidib%C3%A9" title="Modibo Sidibé">Modibo Sidibé</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ciss%C3%A9_Mariam_Ka%C3%AFdama_Sidib%C3%A9" title="Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé">Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cheick_Modibo_Diarra" title="Cheick Modibo Diarra">Cheick Modibo Diarra</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Django_Sissoko" title="Django Sissoko">Django Sissoko</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oumar_Tatam_Ly" title="Oumar Tatam Ly">Oumar Tatam Ly</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Mara" title="Moussa Mara">Moussa Mara</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Modibo_Keita" class="mw-redirect" title="Modibo Keita">Modibo Keita</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdoulaye_Idrissa_Ma%C3%AFga" title="Abdoulaye Idrissa Maïga">Abdoulaye Idrissa Maïga</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Boubou_Ciss%C3%A9" title="Boubou Cissé">Boubou Cissé</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moctar_Ouane" title="Moctar Ouane">Moctar Ouane</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdoulaye_Ma%C3%AFga_(officer)" title="Abdoulaye Maïga (officer)">Abdoulaye Maïga</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Compaor%C3%A9" title="Blaise Compaoré">Blaise Compaoré</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Traor%C3%A9" title="Honoré Traoré">Honoré Traoré</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yacouba_Isaac_Zida" title="Yacouba Isaac Zida">Yacouba Isaac Zida</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Kafando" title="Michel Kafando">Michel Kafando</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9" title="Roch Marc Christian Kaboré">Roch Marc Christian Kaboré</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba" title="Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba">Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tertius_Zongo" title="Tertius Zongo">Tertius Zongo</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luc-Adolphe_Tiao" title="Luc-Adolphe Tiao">Luc-Adolphe Tiao</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kaba_Thieba" title="Paul Kaba Thieba">Paul Kaba Thieba</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Joseph_Marie_Dabir%C3%A9" title="Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré">Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lassina_Zerbo" title="Lassina Zerbo">Lassina Zerbo</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ou%C3%A9draogo" title="Albert Ouédraogo">Albert Ouédraogo</a> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mahamadou_Issoufou" title="Mahamadou Issoufou">Mahamadou Issoufou</a> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brigi_Rafini" title="Brigi Rafini">Brigi Rafini</a> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ouhoumoudou_Mahamadou" title="Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou">Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou</a> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Nadingar" title="Emmanuel Nadingar">Emmanuel Nadingar</a> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Djimrangar_Dadnadji" title="Djimrangar Dadnadji">Djimrangar Dadnadji</a> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" 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<a href="/wiki/Albert_Pahimi_Padack%C3%A9" title="Albert Pahimi Padacké">Albert Pahimi Padacké</a> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saleh_Kebzabo" title="Saleh Kebzabo">Saleh Kebzabo</a> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Houngbo" title="Gilbert Houngbo">Gilbert Houngbo</a> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kwesi_Ahoomey-Zunu" title="Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu">Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu</a> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Komi_S%C3%A9lom_Klassou" title="Komi Sélom Klassou">Komi Sélom Klassou</a> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/John_Atta_Mills" title="John Atta Mills">John Atta Mills</a> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/John_Mahama" title="John Mahama">John Mahama</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Ak%C3%A9" title="Gilbert Aké">Gilbert Aké</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jeannot_Ahoussou-Kouadio" title="Jeannot Ahoussou-Kouadio">Jeannot Ahoussou-Kouadio</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kablan_Duncan" title="Daniel Kablan Duncan">Daniel Kablan Duncan</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Amadou_Gon_Coulibaly" title="Amadou Gon Coulibaly">Amadou Gon Coulibaly</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hamed_Bakayoko" title="Hamed Bakayoko">Hamed Bakayoko</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Achi" title="Patrick Achi">Patrick Achi</a> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin"><img alt="Benin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boni_Yayi" title="Thomas Boni Yayi">Thomas Boni Yayi</a> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin"><img alt="Benin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pascal_Koupaki" title="Pascal Koupaki">Pascal Koupaki</a> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin"><img alt="Benin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Zinsou" title="Lionel Zinsou">Lionel Zinsou</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdelmalek_Droukdel" title="Abdelmalek Droukdel">Abdelmalek Droukdel</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-leaders-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_Youssef_al-Annabi" title="Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi">Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi</a><a href="#cite_note-leaders-24">[24]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghaly" title="Iyad Ag Ghaly">Iyad Ag Ghaly</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Amadou_Koufa" title="Amadou Koufa">Amadou Koufa</a><a href="#cite_note-leaders-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_al-Bara_al-Sahrawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu al-Bara al-Sahrawi (page does not exist)">Abu al-Bara al-Sahrawi</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Malam_Dicko" title="Ibrahim Malam Dicko">Ibrahim Malam Dicko</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdoul_Salam_Dicko" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdoul Salam Dicko">Abdoul Salam Dicko</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Total armed forces: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>: 7,350 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/AFISMA" class="mw-redirect" title="AFISMA">AFISMA</a>: 2,900<a href="#cite_note-france-7">[7]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>: 12,000 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>: 30,350 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: 5,100 deployed in the Sahel<a href="#cite_note-ledauphine-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-economist-9">[9]</a> Supported by: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: 1,325+ advisors, trainers<a href="#cite_note-Atlas_Accord-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-African_Lion-28">[28]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/AQIM" class="mw-redirect" title="AQIM">AQIM</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Salafist_Group_for_Preaching_and_Combat" title="Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat">GSPC</a>): 1,000<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a>–4,000<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/MUJAO" class="mw-redirect" title="MUJAO">MUJAO</a>: ~500<a href="#cite_note-france-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun_(militant_group)" title="Al-Mourabitoun (militant group)">Al-Mourabitoun</a>: Fewer than 100<a href="#cite_note-rfi-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a>: 300<a href="#cite_note-dailystar.com.lb-33">[33]</a>–10,000<a href="#cite_note-france-7">[7]</a> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%27s_West_Africa_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State's West Africa Province">ISWAP</a>: 6,000<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>–20,000<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> 34,074+ people killed<a href="#cite_note-39">[a]</a> 3 million displaced<a href="#cite_note-GCRP-38">[38]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> An <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> insurgency has been ongoing in the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> region of <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> since the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>. In particular, the intensive conflict in the three countries of <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> has been referred to as the Sahel War. The conflict is generally seen to have begun during <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">the early stages</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a>, which itself was seen as a spillover conflict of the <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb</a>. As Islamist <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg</a> rebels overran Mali in 2012, a <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">concurrent insurgency</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a>, began to spread to nearby countries. By 2015, the Mali war had spread to <a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Niger</a>, which led to heavy fighting and humanitarian crises in both countries. The conflict in Nigeria also reached a climax before <a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">a coalition offensive</a> forced insurgents into remission. By 2019, the effects of the region-wide conflict began to accelerate due to resentment within the populace and due to alleged inability to handle the conflict. These views led to a series of coups in <a href="/wiki/2020_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2020 Malian coup d'état">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Nigerien coup d'état attempt">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_Sudan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Sudan coup d'état">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Military_Council_(Chad)" title="Transitional Military Council (Chad)">Chad</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Guinean coup d'état">Guinea</a>, which led to the region being labeled a '<a href="/wiki/Coup_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup belt">coup belt</a>'. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan Civil War">First Libyan Civil War</a></div> Since 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> (AQIM) have been engaging the Algerian government in an <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">insurgency campaign in the Maghreb</a>. AQIM fighters are mostly drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algerian</a> and local <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Saharan</a> communities (such as the <a href="/wiki/Tuareg" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuareg">Tuareg</a> and the tribal clans of <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:3-40">[39]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Libyan Civil War">First Libyan Civil War</a> in 2011, south-western Libya has offered sanctuaries to AQIM fighters, which dispatched cells to be established in the region.<a href="#cite_note-Boeke-41">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Western_Sahel">Western Sahel</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Western Sahel">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mali">Mali</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mali">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Mali_conflict.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Northern_Mali_conflict.svg/220px-Northern_Mali_conflict.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Northern_Mali_conflict.svg/330px-Northern_Mali_conflict.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Northern_Mali_conflict.svg/440px-Northern_Mali_conflict.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1255" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the fullest extent of rebel-held territory in January 2013</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaliWar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/MaliWar.svg/220px-MaliWar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/MaliWar.svg/330px-MaliWar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/MaliWar.svg/440px-MaliWar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Military situation in Mali in 2024. For a detailed map, see <a href="/wiki/Template:Mali_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Mali War detailed map">here</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tuareg_rebellion_and_Malian_civil_war">Tuareg rebellion and Malian civil war</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tuareg rebellion and Malian civil war">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">Tuareg rebellion (2012)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></div> After the end of the 2011 Libyan Civil War, an influx of weaponry led to the arming of the <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg</a> in their demand for greater autonomy and independence of their homeland in northern Mali, which they called <a href="/wiki/Azawad" title="Azawad">Azawad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> In Libya, the Tuareg people largely supported Gaddafi during the war, and Tuareg areas such as <a href="/wiki/Ghat,_Libya" title="Ghat, Libya">Ghat</a> remain Gaddafi loyalist strongholds.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Tuareg fighters who fought for Gaddafi began to return from Libya after war ends, citing discrimination from the new government.<a href="#cite_note-history-44">[43]</a> In October 2011, the <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Azawad" title="National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad">National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad</a> (MNLA) was formed from rebels of previous Tuareg rebellions and fighters who have returned from Libya. Another Tuareg-dominated group, the Islamist <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a>, also fought against the Malian government. However, unlike the MNLA, it does not seek independence but rather the impositions of <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> across united Mali.<a href="#cite_note-bbcposttim-45">[44]</a> In March 2012, Malian President <a href="/wiki/Amadou_Toumani_Tour%C3%A9" title="Amadou Toumani Touré">Amadou Toumani Touré</a> was <a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Malian coup d'état">ousted in a coup d'état</a> over his handling of the conflict. Following the coup, Northern Mali's three largest cities: <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> were overrun by the rebels.<a href="#cite_note-boston-46">[45]</a> On 6 April 2012, the MNLA said that it had accomplished its goals and proclaimed Azawad to be independent from Mali.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> The MNLA were initially backed by Ansar Dine. However, Ansar Dine and other Islamist groups, including <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Oneness_and_Jihad_in_West_Africa" title="Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa">Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa</a> (MUJAO), a splinter group of AQIM, began imposing strict Sharia law in conquered territories. They soon came into conflict with the MNLA. By July 2012, the MNLA had lost control of most of northern Mali to the Islamists.<a href="#cite_note-Nossiter-48">[47]</a> By January 2013, Islamist forces advanced to 600 km from the capital and were closing in to capture the major town of <a href="/wiki/Mopti" title="Mopti">Mopti</a>. The MNLA began peace talks to realign with the Malian government while the French military launched <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Serval" class="mw-redirect" title="Opération Serval">Opération Serval</a> on January 11, intervening in the conflict. French air campaign helped Malian government to push back Islamist advances, allowing them to take back major cities of Timbuktu, Gao and Kidal. By the end of May 2013, Islamist and Tuareg forces have to retreat to the desert of northeastern Mali. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_interventions">Foreign interventions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Foreign interventions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a></div> Since February 2007 the United States and partner nations in the Saharan and Sahel regions of Africa conduct <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a>, consisting of counterterrorism efforts and policing of arms and drug trafficking across central Africa. French Opération Serval ended in July 2014. <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a> commenced shortly after on 1 August 2014 to "assure the Sahel nations' security, and in effect France's security".<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> In 2022 Russian mercenaries from the <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a> were deployed in Mali,<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> as well as soldiers from the Russian regular army[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. At the same time, Turkish intervention had intensified[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insurgency_spreading_to_other_countries">Insurgency spreading to other countries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Insurgency spreading to other countries">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Niger">Niger</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Niger">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Jihadist insurgency in Niger</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_military_intervention_in_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="American military intervention in Niger">American military intervention in Niger</a></div> The Niger faces jihadist insurgencies both in its western regions (as a result of the spillover of the Mali War) and in its southeastern region (as a result of the spillover of the Islamic insurgency in Nigeria). The insurgency in the west of the country began with incursions in 2015 and intensified from 2017 onwards. Since 2021, attacks were carried out with greater frequency in the country. In 2023 a coup was carried out that was successful leading to the creation of a military junta and start to an international crisis. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Burkina_Faso">Burkina Faso</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Burkina Faso">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</a></div> The insurgency in the Sahel spread to Burkina Faso in 2015, beginning with an attack on a gendarmerie by alleged <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a> members. In 2016, the amount of attacks spiked after a new group, <a href="/wiki/Ansar_ul_Islam_(Western_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansar ul Islam (Western Africa)">Ansarul Islam</a> was founded by imam <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Malam_Dicko" title="Ibrahim Malam Dicko">Ibrahim Malam Dicko</a>. Since 2021, the insurgency in Burkina Faso has begun to spread to neighboring countries of Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin and Togo. On 8 February 2022, insurgents <a href="/wiki/W_National_Park_massacre" title="W National Park massacre">attacked the W National Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, killing nine people. On 11 May 2022, militants crossed the border into <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> and killed eight soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s">2020s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2020s">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coup_Belt" title="Coup Belt">Coup Belt</a></div> Beginning in the early 2020s, numerous coups were staged in countries in the Sahel, namely the 2020 and 2021 coups in Mali, in Guinea, Chad, Sudan, Burkina Faso and Niger. The coups further complicated the situation in the region. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boko_Haram_and_ISWAP_insurgency">Boko Haram and ISWAP insurgency</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Boko Haram and ISWAP insurgency">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilayat_al_Sudan_al_Gharbi_maximum_territorial_control.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Wilayat_al_Sudan_al_Gharbi_maximum_territorial_control.png/220px-Wilayat_al_Sudan_al_Gharbi_maximum_territorial_control.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Wilayat_al_Sudan_al_Gharbi_maximum_territorial_control.png/330px-Wilayat_al_Sudan_al_Gharbi_maximum_territorial_control.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Wilayat_al_Sudan_al_Gharbi_maximum_territorial_control.png/440px-Wilayat_al_Sudan_al_Gharbi_maximum_territorial_control.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a>'s territorial control prior to the <a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">2015 West African offensive</a></figcaption></figure> Having cooperated and trained alongside AQIM in the Sahel since 2006, the Nigerian Islamist group <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a> began expanding into Chad and Niger in 2014 after successfully seizing territory in the <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">insurgency in Nigeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ibtimes-22">[22]</a> By then controlling a significant area around <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chad" title="Lake Chad">Lake Chad</a>, a coalition of Western African countries <a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">launched an offensive against the group</a> in January 2015.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> The group eventually departed its alliance with al-Qaeda, pledging allegiance to ISIL in March 2015. By the end of 2015 Boko Haram had been largely pushed to retreat into the <a href="/wiki/Sambisa_Forest" title="Sambisa Forest">Sambisa Forest</a> in Nigeria, although attacks have continued including in Niger.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Timeline">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012">2012</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2012">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 16 – The start of the <a href="/wiki/Mali_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Mali civil war">Mali civil war</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013">2013</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2013">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>May 23 – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agadez_and_Arlit" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Agadez and Arlit">Twin suicide attacks occur in Niger</a> targeting a military base in Agadez and a uranium mine in Arlit.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014">2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2014">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>December 11 – French troops in Mali killed top Islamist commander <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al_Tilemsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed al Tilemsi">Ahmed al Tilemsi</a>. Tilemsi was a founding member of Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (MUJWA) and held a $5 million bounty.<a href="#cite_note-MUJ-56">[55]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015">2015</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2015">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>November 20 – The <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> <a href="/wiki/2015_Bamako_hotel_attack" title="2015 Bamako hotel attack">attacked</a> an Hotel in <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, killing 20 people, and taking hostage another 170.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a></li> <li>November 28 – <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a> <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Kidal_attack" title="November 2015 Kidal attack">attacked</a> UN peacekeepers in Kidal killing 2 soldiers and one contractor.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016">2016</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2016">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 15 – Gunmen armed with heavy weapons attacked the Cappuccino restaurant and the Splendid Hotel in the heart of <a href="/wiki/Ouagadougou" title="Ouagadougou">Ouagadougou</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>. The number of fatalities reached 30,<a href="#cite_note-BNO2016-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-France24-62">[61]</a> while at least 56 were wounded; a total of 176 hostages were released<a href="#cite_note-bbc16-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> after a government counter-attack into the next morning as the siege ended. Three perpetrators were also killed.<a href="#cite_note-ib-65">[64]</a> The nearby YIBI hotel was then under siege, where another attacker was killed. Notably, former Swiss MPs <a href="/wiki/Jean-No%C3%ABl_Rey" title="Jean-Noël Rey">Jean-Noël Rey</a> and Georgie Lamon were killed. Responsibility for the attack was claimed by <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> (AQIM) and <a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun_(militant_group)" title="Al-Mourabitoun (militant group)">Al-Mourabitoun</a>.</li> <li>February 5 – A UN base in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> was attacked by unknown Islamists.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a></li> <li>February 11 – Suspected Islamist militants killed two civilians and a customs officer and burned a car in an attack on a customs post in <a href="/wiki/Mopti" title="Mopti">Mopti</a>, central Mali.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a></li> <li>February 12 – Five UN peacekeepers killed in <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> and over at least 30 wounded, from an insurgent attack.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a></li> <li>February 15 – AQIM confirmed the death of <a href="/wiki/MOJWA" class="mw-redirect" title="MOJWA">MOJWA</a> spokesman, <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ould_Hamaha" title="Omar Ould Hamaha">Omar Ould Hamaha</a>, in a France airstrike.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a></li> <li>February 23 – Gunmen attacked a checkpoint southwest of the Malian town of <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> overnight killing three soldiers and wounding two others.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a></li> <li>March 1 – It's reported that France special forces conducted two separated raids killing a Spanish AQIM commander, Abu al Nour al Andalusi, and two fighters of <a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun_(militant_group)" title="Al-Mourabitoun (militant group)">Al-Mourabitoun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a></li> <li>March 6 – <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a> claims four attacks across Mali, detonating three UN vehicles in <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tesslitnear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tesslitnear (page does not exist)">Tesslitnear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aguelhok" title="Aguelhok">Aguelhok</a> and an attack on a UN camp in Kidal with rockets, meanwhile defense ministers from West Africa's semi-arid <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> region have agreed to work together to establish special rapid reaction force, named the <a href="/wiki/G5_Sahel" title="G5 Sahel">G5 Sahel</a>, to counter the growing threat from al Qaeda and Islamic State-linked militants.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a></li> <li>March 10 – Warring Tuareg clans in northern Mali have agreed to cease hostilities after tit-for-tat violence killed dozens of people from the start of the year.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a></li> <li>March 13–14 – <a href="/wiki/2016_Grand-Bassam_shootings" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Grand-Bassam shootings">2016 Grand-Bassam shootings</a>: AQIM and <a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun_(militant_group)" title="Al-Mourabitoun (militant group)">Al-Mourabitoun</a> attacked the town of <a href="/wiki/Grand-Bassam" title="Grand-Bassam">Grand-Bassam</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>, killing at least 18 people, including three members of the country's <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Ivory Coast">special forces</a>, and four European tourists. Three of six assailants were also killed.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a></li> <li>March 15 – AQIM branch said its attack in the <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> on March 13 that killed 18 people was revenge for the France <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a> against Islamist militants in the Sahel region and called for its forces to withdraw.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Also, Ivory Coast has raised its security alert to the highest level and President <a href="/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara">Alassane Ouattara</a> has pledged that the country would not be "intimidated by terrorists" following the attack of March 13 that killed 18 people.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a></li> <li>March 16 – The French government said it will deploy a paramilitary police force in the capital of <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> to react quickly in the event of new attacks by Islamist militants in West Africa, after the Ivory Coast attack by AQIM.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a></li> <li>March 19 – Three policemen were shot dead by AQIM soldiers in a Niger village near the border with Burkina Faso. One soldier was killed and two others wounded when a military convoy was attacked close to Nigeria's border by <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a> fighters.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-23">[23]</a></li> <li>March 22 – AQIM attacked a <a href="/wiki/European_union" class="mw-redirect" title="European union">European union</a> military training mission's headquarters in the Malian capital, Bamako, which left an insurgent dead.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> On the same day, the <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> arrested the suspected leader and other 15 militants of the AQIM group that conducted the beach attacks of March 13. The man is named Kounta Dallah.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a></li> <li>March 23 – 21 AQIM suspects were captured by the Malian police in response to their attack on an EU base in Bamako.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a></li> <li>March 27 – Two AQIM fighters were arrested in Mali over Ivory Coast resort attack.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a></li> <li>April 9 – Ansar Dine claimed two bombings on the Aguelhok-Tessalit axis just north of the city of Kidal.<a href="#cite_note-longwarjournal.org-87">[86]</a></li> <li>April 10 – Gunmen ambushed a Malian military patrol outside of Timbuktu near the town of Gourma, injuring three soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-longwarjournal.org-87">[86]</a></li> <li>April 12 – Three French soldiers were killed by an <a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">IED</a> in northern Mali. Also, another two Malian soldiers and one Chadian were killed by land mines.<a href="#cite_note-longwarjournal.org-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a></li> <li>April 22 – Malian police captured the AQIM mastermind of the terrorist attacks of November 2015 in Radisson blu hotel in Bamako. The man identified as a Mauritanian by the name of Fawaz Ould Ahmeida.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a></li> <li>July 31 – In Timbuktu, northern Mali, a captain of the Malian army was killed by four AQIM members<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a></li> <li>September 2 – In Markoye, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> killed ISIS members one border guard and a civilian.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a></li> <li>September 9 – 3 Malian troops were killed after suspected AQIM fighters ambushed them in the centre of the country.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a></li> <li>September 26 – In <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> a military guard and his cousin were killed in their house by terrorists.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a></li> <li>October 3 – One Blue helmet was killed and eight others were injured in an attack on their base in <a href="/wiki/Aguelhok" title="Aguelhok">Aguelhok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>. AQIM claimed the attack<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a></li> <li>October 6 – The Malian refugee camp Tazalit in the Tasara region was attacked by forty assailants, presumably AQIM. Twenty people were killed (all site security forces). One refugee was injured.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a></li> <li>October 9 – One of the main Tuareg leaders of Mali, Cheikh Ag Awssa, military head of the High Council of Azawad (HCUA, French acronym), died Saturday when the vehicle he was traveling with his son stepped on a mine, reported today the Coordinator movements of Azawad (CMA).<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a></li> <li>October 12 – Burkina Faso's defense ministry says heavily armed assailants have attacked a military position in the north near the Mali border, killing three soldiers and wounding another. ISIS claims responsibility for the attack.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a></li> <li>October 14 – An American aid worker has been kidnapped in a town northeast of Niger's capital Niamey, before being taken by his abductors to Mali, according to a security source. Armed men raided the house of the aid worker on Friday, killing his two guards before driving him off across the desert, the mayor of the town of Abalak said on Saturday.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a></li> <li>November 3 – A peacekeeper was killed and five others were injured when militants attacked a military base. After the shooting, a bomb exploded, killing one soldier and injuring dozens more. <a href="/wiki/AQIM" class="mw-redirect" title="AQIM">AQIM</a> claims the attack.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a></li> <li>November 4 – A French soldier was killed and four others injured after that their truck exploded because of a land mine in the north of <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a>. Ansar Dine claimed the attack.<a href="#cite_note-lefigaro.fr-103">[102]</a></li> <li>November 5 – An <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">al-Qaeda-linked</a> group has released a video showing the purported execution of two Malians accused of collaborating with French counter-terrorism forces in Mali.<a href="#cite_note-lefigaro.fr-103">[102]</a></li> <li>November 6: <ul><li>A convoy of <a href="/wiki/MINUSMA" class="mw-redirect" title="MINUSMA">MINUSMA</a> was attacked in the center of Mali, about 25 km north of the town of <a href="/wiki/Douentza" title="Douentza">Douentza</a>. The convoy hit a mine or an IED and the assailants are then out of hiding by opening fire. One peacekeeper died, seven others were wounded. <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a> claimed the attack.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a></li> <li>A Togolese peacekeeper was killed along with two civilians when the convoy was attacked in Gourma, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>. AQIM claims the attack.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a></li> <li>Militants attack a military base, killing a Togolese in <a href="/wiki/Gourma-Rharous_Cercle" title="Gourma-Rharous Cercle">Gourma-Rharous Cercle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">AQIM</a> claims the attack.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a></li> <li>Militants raided in a prison and freeing 21 prisoners. They also kidnapped a guard in <a href="/wiki/Banamba" title="Banamba">Banamba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a> claims the attack<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a></li></ul></li> <li>November 11–12 – In <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> have one of the positions of the Malian army was targeted by terrorists on motorcycle. Two soldiers were injured. Al-Mourabitoun claims the attack.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a></li> <li>November 13: <ul><li>Militants attacked a military checkpoint, in <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> killing one soldier and injuring other two.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a></li> <li>Two people were killed in two attacks in <a href="/wiki/Djibo" title="Djibo">Djibo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a></li></ul></li> <li>December 6 – <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> militants attacked a prison in <a href="/wiki/Niono" title="Niono">Niono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>. Two guards were injured. Dozens of prisoners have escaped.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a></li> <li>December 16 – <a href="/wiki/2016_Nassoumbou_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Nassoumbou attack">2016 Nassoumbou attack</a>: Several dozen heavily armed gunmen attacked an army outpost near the border with Mali, leaving at least 12 soldiers dead and 2 others missing.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a></li> <li>December 22 – Six gunmen on motorcycles attacked Saye's military soldier in Mali and shot the gendarmes on the scene, one soldier was killed and several were wounded.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a></li> <li>December 24 – A Frenchwoman was abducted in the city of Gao.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017">2017</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2017">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 2 – One person was killed and another was injured in two separate shooting attacks in <a href="/wiki/Djibo" title="Djibo">Djibo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a></li> <li>January 12 – Five Malian soldiers were killed and two others injured when their patrol hit a landmine in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>'s Segou region.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a></li> <li>January 18 – <a href="/wiki/2017_Gao_bombing" title="2017 Gao bombing">2017 Gao bombing</a>: Five suicide bombers exploded near a <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> army base in <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>. At least 65 people were killed while an unknown number of people were injured. There were no reported casualties among the NATO troops.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun_(militant_group)" title="Al-Mourabitoun (militant group)">Al-Mourabitoun</a> claimed responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a></li> <li>January 24 – A peacekeeper in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> was killed and two other peacekeepers were injured in mortar fire in <a href="/wiki/Aguelhok" title="Aguelhok">Aguelhok</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> is suspected for the attack.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>January 30 – Two civilians were injured in a terrorist attack in <a href="/wiki/Madougou" title="Madougou">Madougou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a></li> <li>February 4 – Four soldiers were killed and eight others were injured in a terrorist attack in Ménaka of Mali.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a></li> <li>February 5 – Four Chadian soldiers were killed in a bomb attack.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a></li> <li>February 27 – Two police stations in <a href="/wiki/Tongomayel_Department" title="Tongomayel Department">Tongomayel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baraboul%C3%A9_Department" title="Baraboulé Department">Baraboulé</a> were attacked overnight by suspected jihadists. The <a href="/wiki/Ansar_ul_Islam_(Western_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansar ul Islam (Western Africa)">Ansar ul Islam</a> militant group, which has links to the <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a> extremist movement in Mali, said it staged the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a></li> <li>March 3 – <a href="/wiki/Ansar_ul_Islam_(Western_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansar ul Islam (Western Africa)">Ansar ul Islam</a> militants on motorbikes killed two people including a school director.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a></li> <li>March 5 – Eleven soldiers were killed and four others were injured in an attack on a position of the <a href="/wiki/Malian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Malian Army">Malian Army</a> close to the border with <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a></li> <li>March 6 – At least five Nigerien gendarmes were killed in the night during a likely terrorist attack in the <a href="/wiki/Tillab%C3%A9ri_Region" title="Tillabéri Region">Tillabéri Region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a></li> <li>March 11 – The muezzin of a mosque was found butchered by a suspected jihadist in Ivory Coast.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a></li> <li>March 13 – Two Malian soldiers and two Malian civilians were killed in a shooting attack.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>March 28 – Two soldiers and a civilian were killed in an attack at the border with <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin">Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin</a> claimed responsibility on April 1, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a></li> <li>April 6 – A French soldier was killed in the Sahel region, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> after a clash with armed militants.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a></li> <li>April 9 – Five people were killed in an attack carried out by militants in Gargando, Mali.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a></li> <li>April 18: <ul><li>Two soldiers and one civilian were injured during an attack against their <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> convoy in Mali.<a href="#cite_note-:0-131">[130]</a></li> <li>Four Malian soldiers were killed when terrorists attacked their base. Sixteen other soldiers were also injured.<a href="#cite_note-:0-131">[130]</a></li></ul></li> <li>May 3 – 3 rockets struck the MINUSMA Super Camp at Timbuktu Airport around leaving 1 peacekeeper dead and 9 wounded.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a></li> <li>May 14 – In Mali four members of the Red Cross have been abducted. The local helpers were on the road in Ténenkou in the central region of Mopti on Sunday to assess the humanitarian situation there.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>May 23 – Two peacekeepers of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) were killed and another injured on Tuesday morning in an ambush in the northern Kidal region.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a></li> <li>August 13 – <a href="/wiki/2017_Ouagadougou_attack" title="2017 Ouagadougou attack">2017 Ouagadougou attack</a>.</li> <li>October 4 – <a href="/wiki/Tongo_Tongo_ambush" title="Tongo Tongo ambush">An ambush in Niger</a> near the Malian border leaves four <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces (United States Army)">Special Forces</a> soldiers, five <a href="/wiki/Niger_Armed_Forces" title="Niger Armed Forces">Nigerien soldiers</a> and 21 ISGS militants dead during a joint patrol.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a></li> <li>December 6 – US and Nigerien forces kill 11 ISGS militants in a <a href="/wiki/2017_Lake_Chad_Basin_Region_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Lake Chad Basin Region attack">firefight</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018">2018</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2018">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 27 – At least 14 Malian soldiers have been killed and 18 others wounded in an AQIM attack during which fighters briefly took control of a military camp in Soumpi, Timbuktu region. They retreated later. Two terrorists were also killed.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a></li> <li>March 2 – <a href="/wiki/2018_Ouagadougou_attacks" title="2018 Ouagadougou attacks">2018 Ouagadougou attacks</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019">2019</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2019">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 1–2 – <a href="/wiki/Yirgou_massacre" title="Yirgou massacre">Yirgou massacre</a>. In northern <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, six villagers are killed by jihadists. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koglweogo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koglweogo (page does not exist)">Koglweogo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mossi_people" title="Mossi people">Mossi</a> "bush guardians") react by massacring between 49 and 210 (reports vary widely) <a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a></li> <li>January 20 – AQIM claims the attack on 10 UN Mali peacekeepers due to <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>'s restoration of relations with <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a></li> <li>February 6 – Five <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> gendarmes are killed in a supposed terrorist attack at Oursi in the Sahel region.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a></li> <li>February 24 – The Burkina Faso military takes out 29 suspected militants through an air force and army operation.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a></li> <li>March 19 – A raid in a Mali military camp leaves 16 Malian soldiers dead.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a></li> <li>May 9 – <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso_hostage_rescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkina Faso hostage rescue">Burkina Faso hostage rescue</a>.</li> <li>May 16 – 28 Nigerien soldiers are ambushed and killed while patrolling near the Mali border.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a></li> <li>June 14 – An <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Gazelle" title="Aérospatiale Gazelle">Aérospatiale Gazelle</a> operated by the <a href="/wiki/French_Army_Light_Aviation" title="French Army Light Aviation">French Army Light Aviation</a> was damaged by 7.62 mm machinegun fire and had to make an emergency landing in the town of Liptako but was then destroyed to stop it falling into enemy hands.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a></li> <li>July 1 – At least 18 soldiers were killed and another four were missing in action when two suicide car bombers attacked a Nigerien army outpost around the town of <a href="/wiki/Inates" title="Inates">Inates</a> before attempting to storm the camp. The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_the_Greater_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in the Greater Sahara">Islamic State in the Greater Sahara</a> is suspected of responsibility. Niger's capital <a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a> is expected to host the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> summit on July 7 and 8.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a></li> <li>July 11 – Ten UN peacekeepers were wounded by a roadside mine near <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a>, northern Mali.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a></li> <li>July 22 – Six Estonians and "around the same number" of French soldiers were wounded when suicide bombers struck a French military base in <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a></li> <li>August 21 – Twenty-four soldiers of Burkina Faso's army were killed in an attack on a military base in the country's north.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> Five soldiers were ambushed and killed by militants in central Mali, near the towns of <a href="/wiki/Hombori" title="Hombori">Hombori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boni,_Mali" title="Boni, Mali">Boni</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a></li> <li>August 29 – Three soldiers were killed and another seven wounded in <a href="/wiki/Koro,_Mali" title="Koro, Mali">Koro</a>, Mali, after being attacked by militants. At least one attacker was killed.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a></li> <li>September 3 – A bomb planted in a bus exploded in <a href="/wiki/Mopti" title="Mopti">Mopti</a>, Mali, killing 20 civilians and wounding 15 more.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a></li> <li>September 8 – A food convoy and a transport truck were <a href="/wiki/September_2019_Sanmatenga_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 2019 Sanmatenga attacks">attacked</a> by militants in two different incidents in northern Burkina Faso, killing at least 29 people in total.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a></li> <li>September 9 – Six Burkinabe police officers were ambushed and killed by suspected jihadists in Soum Province.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a></li> <li>September 19 – Five soldiers were killed and two were wounded in an overnight attack by unknown gunmen against a military patrol.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a></li> <li>September 23 – Nine people were killed after terrorists opened fire on a group of people in two locations near Bourzanga.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a></li> <li>September 25 – Six civilians were shot dead after armed militants stormed three villages in the city of Zimtenga.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a></li> <li>September 28 – Nine people were killed after terrorists stormed the village of Komsilga, while seven others were killed during another attack in Deneon. Later, a soldier was shot dead.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a></li> <li>September 30 – Attacks on two military posts in <a href="/wiki/Mopti_Region" title="Mopti Region">Mopti Region</a>, Mali, left 38 soldiers dead and more than 60 others missing, while the posts themselves were destroyed. The attack was one of the worst to hit Mali's military in years. At least 15 militants were reportedly killed in the attack.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a></li> <li>October 1 – Six civilians were killed by militants in a camp for displaced people in Kangro, Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a></li> <li>October 4 – <a href="/wiki/Dolmane_gold_mine_attack" title="Dolmane gold mine attack">Dolmane gold mine attack</a>: About 20 people were killed in <a href="/wiki/Soum_Province" title="Soum Province">Soum</a>, Burkina Faso, when militants attacked a gold mining site. Meanwhile, it was estimated that the surge of Islamist violence in Burkina Faso forced more than 300,000 people to flee the north of the country, while 2,000 schools were closed.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a></li> <li>October 6 – A roadside bomb exploded as a vehicle containing UN peacekeepers passed by, killing one of the peacekeepers and injuring four others. The bombing occurred in <a href="/wiki/Aguelhok" title="Aguelhok">Aguelhok</a> in northern Mali. A soldier was shot and wounded in a related incident.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a></li> <li>October 7 – Militants clashed with the Nigerien military in a valley in <a href="/wiki/Dogondoutchi" title="Dogondoutchi">Dogondoutchi</a>, leaving two soldiers dead and five more wounded.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a></li> <li>October 11 – <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso_mosque_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkina Faso mosque attack">Burkina Faso mosque attack</a>: Armed men assaulted the Grand Mosque in Salmossi, northern Burkina Faso, killing 16 people and critically injuring two more.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a></li> <li>October 12 – Militants killed five officers in <a href="/wiki/Sanam,_Niger" title="Sanam, Niger">Sanam</a>, in Niger's <a href="/wiki/Tillaberi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillaberi">Tillaberi</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a></li> <li>October 19 – Simultaneous attacks in northern Burkina Faso (in <a href="/wiki/Loroum_Province" title="Loroum Province">Loroum Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yatenga_Province" title="Yatenga Province">Yatenga Province</a>) left four soldiers and a police officer dead while another 11 soldiers were wounded.<a href="#cite_note-:1-163">[162]</a></li> <li>October 28 – <a href="/wiki/Pob%C3%A9_Mengao_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Pobé Mengao shooting">Pobé Mengao shooting</a>: Militants killed 16 civilians in <a href="/wiki/Pobe_Mengao" class="mw-redirect" title="Pobe Mengao">Pobe Mengao</a>, Burkina Faso, when the civilians refused to supply the armed Islamists with ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a></li> <li>November 1 – <a href="/wiki/2019_Indelimane_attack" title="2019 Indelimane attack">2019 Indelimane attack</a>: An attack on a Malian army base in Indelimane, in the country's north and near the border with Niger, left 53 soldiers and a civilian dead. The Islamic State in the Greater Sahara claimed responsibility for the attack, the worst in years.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a></li> <li>November 2 – The Islamic State in the Greater Sahara claimed responsibility for the death in Mali of a French soldier whose vehicle passed by an IED, which exploded. France confirmed the death.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a></li> <li>November 4 – An MP and deputy mayor was killed in Burkina Faso's <a href="/wiki/Sahel_Region" title="Sahel Region">Sahel Region</a> by a roadside IED. Two others in his vehicle also died, while a fourth survived.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a></li> <li>November 6 – At least 37 people were killed and 60 more injured when militants attacked a gold mining convoy in Burkina Faso's <a href="/wiki/Est_Region_(Burkina_Faso)" title="Est Region (Burkina Faso)">Est Region</a>. Although previous attacks in Burkina Faso were blamed on Al Qaeda groups, this attack bore the hallmarks of the Islamic State.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a></li> <li>November 18 – At least 30 Malian soldiers were killed and 23 more wounded when they were attacked by militants in the Gao region. The Malian military claimed at least 17 militants were also killed.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a></li> <li>November 22 – The bodies of 13 more Malian soldiers were found after the November 18 attack, which was claimed by the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara. The bodies were found in Tabankort and Infokaritene.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a></li> <li>November 25 – Thirteen French soldiers were killed when two helicopters collided with each other in the middle of an operation against militants in northern Mali. The accident was the worst loss for a European country in the Sahel since the beginning of anti-terrorism operations in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a></li> <li>December 1 – <a href="/wiki/2019_Burkina_Faso_church_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Burkina Faso church attacks">2019 Burkina Faso church attacks</a>: Militants attacked a church in <a href="/wiki/Foutouri_(department)" title="Foutouri (department)">Foutouri</a>, Burkina Faso, killing 14 people and wounding dozens more.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a></li> <li>December 9 – Three soldiers and 14 militants were killed when insurgents attacked an army post in Agando, in western <a href="/wiki/Tahoua_Region" title="Tahoua Region">Tahoua</a>, Niger.<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-173">[172]</a></li> <li>December 10 – At least 71 soldiers were killed, 30 more were missing, and at least 12 were wounded when militants staged a <a href="/wiki/2019_Inates_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Inates attack">massive attack</a> on a military base in <a href="/wiki/Inates" title="Inates">Inates</a>, near the border with Mali. The attack was the deadliest single incident Niger's military has ever experienced.<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-173">[172]</a></li> <li>December 21 – French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> announced that 33 militants were "neutralized" in a French military operation in central Mali, while also releasing two Malian gendarmes held hostage in <a href="/wiki/Mopti" title="Mopti">Mopti</a>. A militant was also arrested by the French soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a></li> <li>December 23 – France said it killed seven insurgents in Mopti, Mali, in its first-ever drone strike.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a></li> <li>December 24 – Insurgents <a href="/wiki/Arbinda_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbinda attack">killed</a> seven soldiers and 35 people, mostly women, during a raid on a military outpost in Soum Province, Burkina Faso. The authorities claimed at least 80 militants were killed in the raid.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> Prior to the attack, Burkina security forces said they had killed about 100 fighters in several operations since November.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a></li> <li>December 25 – Eleven soldiers were killed when they were ambushed by militants in Hallele, Soum Province, Burkina Faso. At least five of the insurgents were also killed.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> Meanwhile, in southwest Niger, 14 security personnel were killed and another was missing after their convoy was attacked by gunmen in <a href="/wiki/Sanam,_Niger" title="Sanam, Niger">Sanam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020">2020</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2020">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 4 – Fourteen civilians were killed and four more were seriously injured when a roadside bomb exploded near their bus in <a href="/wiki/Sourou_Province" title="Sourou Province">Sourou Province</a>, Burkina Faso. Many of the casualties were children returning from holidays.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a></li> <li>January 6 – Five soldiers were killed in a roadside bomb attack in the <a href="/wiki/Alatona" title="Alatona">Alatona</a> region of Mali.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a></li> <li>January 9 – At least 25 soldiers were killed when a large group of militants <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chinagodrar" title="Battle of Chinagodrar">stormed a military base</a> in Chinegodrar, Tillaberi, Niger. The Defense Ministry of Niger said more than 63 "terrorists" were killed during the battle.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> Meanwhile, a rocket attack on a base in Kidal region, Mali, wounded 20 people, including 18 UN peacekeepers.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a></li> <li>January 11 – The number of soldiers killed in the Chinegodrar attack in Niger two days ago rose to 89 from 25. The number of militants killed also rose to 77 from 63.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a></li> <li>January 20 – Insurgents killed 36 civilians during an attack on villages in <a href="/wiki/Sanmatenga_Province" title="Sanmatenga Province">Sanmatenga Province</a>, northern Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a></li> <li>January 21 – Two soldiers were killed by an IED in <a href="/wiki/Mopti" title="Mopti">Mopti</a>, Mali.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-186">[185]</a></li> <li>January 23 – At least six soldiers were killed by militants in <a href="/wiki/Dioungani" title="Dioungani">Dioungani</a>, Mali.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-186">[185]</a></li> <li>January 25 – Insurgents killed 39 civilians in Soum Province, northern Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-187">[186]</a></li> <li>January 26 – At least 20 soldiers were killed by militants during an attack on a military outpost in <a href="/wiki/Segou_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Segou Region">Segou Region</a>, Mali. Five more were wounded. Residents reported that the fighting lasted only two hours, and that the well-armed insurgents had quickly surrounded and raided the base before withdrawing, taking captured supplies and dead comrades with them.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a></li> <li>February 2 – France announced it would deploy 600 more soldiers to the Sahel to fight the deteriorating security situation in the region, bringing the total up to 5,100 troops from 4,500.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a></li> <li>February 3 – Insurgents killed at least 18 civilians in <a href="/wiki/Bani_Department" title="Bani Department">Bani Department</a>, northern Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-187">[186]</a></li> <li>February 6 – In <a href="/wiki/Tillaberi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillaberi">Tillaberi</a>, Niger, four gunmen on motorbikes opened fire on workers in a village, killing four people<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a></li> <li>February 7 – French forces killed 30 insurgents in the <a href="/wiki/Gourma" class="mw-redirect" title="Gourma">Gourma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liptako" title="Liptako">Liptako</a> regions of Mali in the past two days.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a></li> <li>February 13 – Troops returned to <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a>, northern Mali, following a six-year absence, after former Tuareg rebels allowed them into the city.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-193">[192]</a></li> <li>February 14 – At least 31 people were killed when armed men stormed the central Mali village of Ogossagou. Several members of a quick reaction force sent by MINUSMA to the village during the attack were wounded. On the same day, eight soldiers were killed and four more injured in an ambush in central Gao region, while a soldier was killed in an attack on a military camp in <a href="/wiki/Mondoro" title="Mondoro">Mondoro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-193">[192]</a></li> <li>February 16 – Gunmen killed 24 people and wounded 18 more in an attack on a church in <a href="/wiki/Yagha" class="mw-redirect" title="Yagha">Yagha</a> province, northern Burkina Faso. Last week, a pastor was killed and another abducted in the same province.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a></li> <li>February 17 – A French soldier died in unspecified circumstances in Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a></li> <li>February 27 – The African Union announced the deployment of an anti-terrorism force of 3,000 soldiers in the Sahel to combat the rising insecurity there.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a></li> <li>March 8 – At least 43 people were killed during an attack on two Fulani villages in <a href="/wiki/Yatenga_Province" title="Yatenga Province">Yatenga Province</a>, northern Burkina Faso. The perpetrators were likely militiamen that blame the Fulani people for harboring extremist groups in the country.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a></li> <li>March 13 – An Italian man and a Canadian woman were released in Kidal, Mali, after being kidnapped by a militant group Burkina Faso in December 2018.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a></li> <li>March 19 – Militants attacked an army base in <a href="/wiki/Tarkint" title="Tarkint">Tarkint</a>, Gao Province, northern Mali, killing at least 29 soldiers and leaving five more wounded.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a></li> <li>March 25 – The Malian <a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Republic_and_Democracy" title="Union for the Republic and Democracy">URD</a> opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Soumaila_Cisse" class="mw-redirect" title="Soumaila Cisse">Soumaila Cisse</a> was abducted along with six others near <a href="/wiki/Niafunk%C3%A9" title="Niafunké">Niafunké</a>, central Mali. The abductors killed his bodyguard and wounded two more.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a></li> <li>March 29 – Nine people were killed when their vehicle hit a landmine in central Mali.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-201">[200]</a></li> <li>March 30 – Three soldiers were killed and another three were wounded when their vehicle struck a roadside bomb in central Mali.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-201">[200]</a></li> <li>April 6 – At least 25 soldiers were killed in an attack on a military base in <a href="/wiki/Bamba,_Mopti" title="Bamba, Mopti">Bamba</a>, northern Mali.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a></li> <li>April 9 – President <a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a> of Chad said his country's troops will no longer engage in military operations abroad in order to focus on fighting militants and rebels at home. Chad is part of <a href="/wiki/Multinational_Joint_Task_Force" title="Multinational Joint Task Force">MNJTF</a>, which focuses on <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">fighting extremists</a> in the Lake Chad region, and the <a href="/wiki/G5_Sahel" title="G5 Sahel">G5 Sahel</a> force, which focuses on fighting extremists in the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> region. Thousands of Chadian soldiers will withdraw from bases in Niger, Mali and Nigeria by April 22.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a></li> <li>April 10 – Security forces allegedly executed 31 unarmed <a href="/wiki/Fulani" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani">Fulani</a> people hours after arresting them in <a href="/wiki/Djibo" title="Djibo">Djibo</a>, northern Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a></li> <li>May 1 – A <a href="/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion" title="French Foreign Legion">French Foreign Legion</a> soldier died of his injuries after being wounded last week by an IED explosion on his tank in Mali.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a></li> <li>May 10 – At least 20 people were killed by gunmen in the <a href="/wiki/Tillaberi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillaberi">Tillaberi</a> region of southwest Niger.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> Meanwhile, three Chadian soldiers were killed and four more seriously wounded when their convoy hit a roadside bomb in Aguelhok, northern Mali.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a></li> <li>May 11 – A clash between the Burkinabe military and armed militants in <a href="/wiki/Yagha_Province" title="Yagha Province">Yagha Province</a> left eight soldiers and 20 militants dead.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a></li> <li>May 27 – Ethnic clashes between Fulani herdsmen and Dogon tribesmen in central Mali left 27 civilians dead.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a></li> <li>May 28 – An attack on a rebel camp in a province in northern Burkina Faso left 10 militants and one soldier dead, according to reports.<a href="#cite_note-auto-210">[209]</a></li> <li>May 29 – An attack on a trading convoy in <a href="/wiki/Loroum_Province" title="Loroum Province">Loroum Province</a>, northern Burkina Faso, left at least 15 people dead and several more wounded.<a href="#cite_note-auto-210">[209]</a></li> <li>May 30 – An aid convoy was attacked by militants near Barsalogho, northern Burkina Faso, leaving at least five civilians and five gendarmes dead.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a></li> <li>May 31 – Militants attacked a market in Kompienbiga, Burkina Faso, killing around 30 people before fleeing on motorbikes.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> Meanwhile, in the <a href="/wiki/Tahoua_Region" title="Tahoua Region">Tahoua Region</a> of western Niger, about 50 gunmen stormed the Intikane refugee camp, killing at least three camp officials and destroying parts of the camp before fleeing.<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a></li> <li>June 3 – The French army and local partners killed <a href="/wiki/Abdelmalek_Droukdel" title="Abdelmalek Droukdel">Abdelmalek Droukdel</a>, the leader of AQIM, along with some of his associates during an operation in northern Mali. The French also stated that they were holding an ISGA leader who was captured in Mali on May 19.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> Meanwhile, an attack on the Fulani village of Niangassadiou in Mopti region, Mali, left 14 villagers dead.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-215">[214]</a></li> <li>June 5 – An attack on the Fulani village of Binedama in Mopti region, Mali, left 29 villagers dead and the village burned down.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-215">[214]</a></li> <li>June 11 – Militants in Burkina Faso attacked an Ivory Coast border post, killing 10 soldiers and wounding six more, while one militant was killed. The attack was the first on the country since the <a href="/wiki/2016_Grand-Bassam_shootings" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Grand-Bassam shootings">2016 Grand-Bassam shootings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a></li> <li>June 12 – Two UN peacekeepers were killed during an attack on their convoy between Tessalit and Gao in Mali's north.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a></li> <li>June 14 – An ambush of a convoy near Bouka Were, central Mali, left "dozens" of soldiers killed or missing. At least 24 were confirmed dead while another 12 remain missing.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a></li> <li>June 24 – Armed men abducted 10 aid workers distributing food in a village in the Tillaberi region of southwest Niger.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a></li> <li>July 1 – At least 32 civilians were killed when they were shot at by gunmen on motorbikes in an attack on four ethnic Dogon villages in central Mali's Mopti region.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a></li> <li>July 2 – Soldiers investigating the massacre yesterday in Mali's Mopti region were themselves attacked, leaving nine soldiers dead and two more wounded.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a></li> <li>July 6 – Five soldiers, a town mayor, and two "trackers" were killed when militants ambushed a convoy escorting <a href="/wiki/Pensa,_Burkina_Faso" title="Pensa, Burkina Faso">Pensa</a> town hall members, northern Burkina Faso. Three others also went missing.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a></li> <li>July 8 – A <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> report claimed that at least 180 recently deceased corpses were found in mass graves in <a href="/wiki/Djibo" title="Djibo">Djibo</a>, northern Burkina Faso, with the watch group alleging they were killed by government forces.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a></li> <li>July 16 – At least 12 Dogon villagers were killed in central Mali when they were attacked by gunmen on motorcycles.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a></li> <li>July 20 – Two soldiers were killed and five more were wounded in an attack by militants on a Burkina Faso town in <a href="/wiki/Komondjari_Province" title="Komondjari Province">Komondjari Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a></li> <li>July 23 – A French soldier was killed during a firefight in Mali after he stepped on an explosive.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a></li> <li>August 2 – Twin attacks in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gou_Region" title="Ségou Region">Ségou Region</a>, central Mali, left five soldiers dead.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a></li> <li>August 7 – About 20 people were killed by militants during <a href="/wiki/2020_Fada_N%27Gourma_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Fada N'Gourma shooting">an attack</a> on a cattle market in <a href="/wiki/Fada_N%27Gourma" class="mw-redirect" title="Fada N'Gourma">Fada N'Gourma</a>, eastern Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a></li> <li>August 9 – Six French aidworkers and two Nigerien volunteers were killed when they were attacked by militants near <a href="/wiki/Kour%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Kouré">Kouré</a>, in southwest Niger.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a></li> <li>September 4 – An ambush on a troop convoy left 10 Malian soldiers dead in <a href="/wiki/Nara,_Mali" title="Nara, Mali">Nara, Mali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a></li> <li>September 5 – Two French soldiers were killed and a third was injured when their vehicle was hit by an IED in Tessalit Province, Mali.<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a></li> <li>September 26 – Six militia fighters were killed when jihadists attack them in Burkina.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a></li> <li>October 8 – 25 men were killed in Burkina Faso when unknown attackers attacked their refugee convoy separating them from the women and children and executing them.<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a></li> <li>October 13 – 25 people including 13 soldiers when Jihadists attacked and burned down a military base in Mali then ambushed the reinforcements sent to the base.<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a></li> <li>October 16 – 20 people were killed in a jihadist attack on three villages in Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a></li> <li>November 12 – 14 soldiers were killed in an ambush along Tinakof-Beldiabe road in Oudalan province, Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a></li> <li>December 28 – three French soldiers were killed when an IED hit their armored vehicle in Mopti province, Mali.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021">2021</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 2021">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 2 – 2021 Niger attacks: 105 people were killed and 75 injured in Tchombangou and Zaroumdareye villages in Tillabéri Region in Niger in a suspected Islamist attack.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a></li> <li>January 2 – Two French soldiers were killed and another injured when their AFV hit an IED in Menaka, Mali.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a></li> <li>January 3 – Militants held a wedding hostage in Central Mali, but an airstrike was conducted on the wedding killing 20 people and leaving 27 missing.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a></li> <li>January 5 – Six people were killed after 100 gunmen attacked the town of Loumbila, Burkina Faso. The insurgents stole food and motorbikes and burned several buildings.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a></li> <li>January 13 – Four Ivorian soldiers were killed and five others wounded by an ambush conducted by armed militants.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a></li> <li>January 24 – <a href="/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état</a></li> <li>February 3 – Nine Malian troops were killed and six wounded in an ambush near the village of Boni in Mali.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a></li> <li>March 16 – 2021 Niger attacks: 58 people were killed in Niger when armed militants attacked four vehicles carrying people that had just visited a local market at two nearby villages.<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a></li> <li>March 21 – ISIL militants attacked a Malian army post killing at least 33 Malian soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a></li> <li>March 21 – <a href="/wiki/2021_Tahoua_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Tahoua Attacks">2021 Tahoua attacks</a>: 141 people were killed by gunmen in Niger after series of attacks near the border with Mali. This has been called Niger's deadliest jihadist massacre.<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-248">[247]</a></li> <li>April 3 – ISIL militants attacked a Niger army camp close to the border with Nigeria. 5 Nigerien soldiers were killed and many more were wounded. Six soldiers were also killed when an IED was activated against Nigerien reinforcements that arrived after the exchange of gunfire.<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a></li> <li>April 15 – Two Chadian soldiers were killed after being targeted by gunfire near the Mali-Niger border.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a></li> <li>April 26 – Two <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spanish</a> documentary journalists and an <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> wildlife conservationist were killed following an ambush by <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin">Nusrat al-Islam</a> on their convoy in eastern <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> border. The three <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Europe" title="Demographics of Europe">Europeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Beri%C3%A1in" title="David Beriáin">David Beriáin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Fraile" title="Roberto Fraile">Roberto Fraile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rory_Young" title="Rory Young">Rory Young</a>, were initially reported missing together with a member of the Burkinabe armed forces following the attack. They were killed while filming a documentary about <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pama,_Burkina_Faso" title="Pama, Burkina Faso">Pama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a></li> <li>April 27 – ISIL claimed an ambush on a group of Malian soldiers in the Ansongo region. At least 3 Malian soldiers were killed in the attack.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a></li> <li>May 1 – A Jihadist ambush on a military patrol in the Tahoua region left 16 Nigerien soldiers dead, six injured, and one missing.<a href="#cite_note-:2-248">[247]</a></li> <li>May 3 – <a href="/wiki/Kodyel_attack" title="Kodyel attack">Kodyel attack</a>: jihadists attacked the village of Kodyel, Burkina Faso, killing 30 and injuring 20.<a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a></li> <li>May 4 – ISIL claim responsibility for an ambush on the Malian Azawad Liberation Movement militia, leaving 18 of the militiamen dead.<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a></li> <li>May 22 – 2021 Niger attacks: ISIL attacked a Nigerien police headquarters on the Chetimari-Maine-Soroa road, about 40 km west of Diffa, near the Nigeria-Niger border, killing a policeman.<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a></li> <li>June 4–5 – <a href="/wiki/Solhan_and_Tadaryat_massacres" title="Solhan and Tadaryat massacres">Solhan and Tadaryat massacres</a></li> <li>June 8 – ISIL released photos of them executing 5 Christians somewhere on the Mali-Niger border.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> In the same release, they also showed a photo of them executing an alleged spy.<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a></li> <li>June 22 – Unknown assailants ambushed a police convoy en route to Yirgou in northern Burkina Faso, killing at least 11 police officers and leaving four others missing.<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a></li> <li>June 25 – A car bomb injured 13 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Multidimensional_Integrated_Stabilization_Mission_in_Mali" title="United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali">UN peacekeepers</a> stationed in a temporary base near the village of Ichagara in the <a href="/wiki/Gao_Region" title="Gao Region">Gao Region</a> of Mali. At least six Malian soldiers were killed in a separate attack in the nearby <a href="/wiki/Mopti_Region" title="Mopti Region">Mopti Region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a></li> <li>July 12 – Ten people were killed in northern Burkina Faso, 7 of them members of a civilian defense force, and the other 3 were civilians. It is suspected that jihadists carried out the attack.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a></li> <li>August 6 – 30 people, including 15 soldiers, were killed in several suspected jihadist attacks in northern Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a></li> <li>August 9 – More than 40 civilians were killed by jihadists in separate attacks in the villages of Karou, Ouatagouna and Daoutegeft in northern Mali.<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> On the same day, 15 civilians were killed during a jihadist attack in Banibangou region. 33 civilians were killed in the same area two weeks prior.<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a></li> <li>August 12 – 17 Jihadists and 5 defense volunteers were killed in an attack in Bilakoka, northern Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a></li> <li>September 24 – A <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> soldier was killed in an armed clash with insurgents in Mali, close to the Burkina Faso border. The gunman was also killed.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a></li> <li>October 7 – 16 Malian soldiers were killed in a Jihadist attack in central Mali.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a></li> <li>October 13 – A French soldier was killed following an accident that occurred during a maintenance operation in Timbuktu.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a></li> <li>October 20 – <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> soldiers killed two suspected ISIS fighters after they came under fire whilst conducting a UN Peacekeeping mission on the road between Indelimone and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9naka" title="Ménaka">Ménaka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a></li> <li>November 27 – Three <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso_Armed_Forces" title="Burkina Faso Armed Forces">Burkina Faso soldiers</a> were killed in a Jihadist attack near the southern Ivorian border.<a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a></li> <li>November 5 – <a href="/wiki/2021_Adab-Dab_attack" title="2021 Adab-Dab attack">2021 Adab-Dab attack</a>: At least 69 people, including the town mayor, were killed in a Jihadist attack on the village of Adab-dab in western Niger. Local sources say that members of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_the_Greater_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in the Greater Sahara">ISGS</a> launched the attack on Nigerien defence forces in the area.<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a></li> <li>November 15 – 32 people, including 28 military police officers and 4 civilians were killed in an armed attack on a gendarmerie post in north Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022">2022</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 2022">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 22 – A French Brigadier was killed in a mortar attack on the Barkhane military camp in Gao, northern Mali.<a href="#cite_note-FrBrig-276">[275]</a></li> <li>June 11* – <a href="/wiki/Seytenga_massacre" title="Seytenga massacre">Seytenga massacre</a>: Militants from the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahel_Province" title="Islamic State – Sahel Province">Islamic State – Sahel Province</a> attacked the town of <a href="/wiki/Seytenga_Department" title="Seytenga Department">Seytenga</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9no_Province" title="Séno Province">Séno Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, killing over a hundred civilians in a massacre.<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a></li> <li>September 5 – <a href="/wiki/Silgadji_bus_bombing" title="Silgadji bus bombing">Silgadji bus bombing</a>: At least 35 civilians were killed and 37 wounded following a suspected jihadist attack when a vehicle in the escorted supply convoy, heading to <a href="/wiki/Ouagadougou" title="Ouagadougou">Ouagadougou</a>, hit an improvised explosive device (IED) on the main road, between the northern towns of <a href="/wiki/Djibo" title="Djibo">Djibo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bourzanga_Department" title="Bourzanga Department">Bourzanga</a>, in the north of Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a></li> <li>September 26 – Eleven soldiers were killed and 50 civilians are missing following a suspected jihadist ambush in the northern town of <a href="/wiki/Djibo" title="Djibo">Djibo</a> in the Gaskinde area of <a href="/wiki/Soum_Province" title="Soum Province">Soum Province</a> of Burkina Faso. The attack also left 28 wounded, including 20 soldiers, 1 Volunteer for the Defense of the Homeland (VDP) and 7 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023">2023</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 2023">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 29 – Fifteen men were found dead in <a href="/wiki/Cascades_Region" title="Cascades Region">Cascades Region</a> after armed men stopped two transport vehicles carrying 24 people.<a href="#cite_note-:4-280">[279]</a></li> <li>January 30 – Fourteen people were killed, including 10 soldiers, two volunteer fighters and a civilian, in an attack on a unit in <a href="/wiki/Falagountou" title="Falagountou">Falagountou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-280">[279]</a></li> <li>February 1 – At least 15 Nigerian pilgrims were killed in Burkina Faso on their way to Senegal after their bus convoy was attacked by gunmen.<a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a></li> <li>February 7 – A checkpoint in <a href="/wiki/Nara,_Mali" title="Nara, Mali">Nara</a>, Mali was attacked by suspected jihadists, leaving two police officers and a <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarme</a> dead.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a></li> <li>February 11 – An ambush in the <a href="/wiki/Tillab%C3%A9ri_Region" title="Tillabéri Region">Tillabéri</a> region of Niger kills 10 soldiers and leaves 29 more missing or wounded.<a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a></li> <li>February 17 – An ambush by the Islamic State against a Burkinabe army convoy in the <a href="/wiki/Oudalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oudalan">Oudalan</a> region of Burkina Faso leaves 54+ soldiers dead, dozens of others wounded, and 5 others captured.<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a></li> <li>March 5 – <a href="/wiki/2023_Nouakchott_prison_break" title="2023 Nouakchott prison break">Nouakchott prison break</a>: Four <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">AQMI</a> members escaped from the Nouakchott civil prison, killing guards and leading to a state of emergency in the surrounding area.</li> <li>April 6–7 – <a href="/wiki/Kourakou_and_Tondobi_attacks" title="Kourakou and Tondobi attacks">Kourakou and Tondobi attacks</a>: Twin attacks in the villages of Kourakou and Tondobi, Burkina Faso kill 44 people.<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a></li> <li>April 16 – Six Burkinabe soldiers and 34 members of a volunteer defense group were killed and an additional 33 were wounded after an attack in the village of Aorema, located in the <a href="/wiki/Nord_Region_(Burkina_Faso)" title="Nord Region (Burkina Faso)">Nord</a> region of Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a></li> <li>April 22 – A bomb attack near a military camp in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9var%C3%A9" title="Sévaré">Sévare</a>, Mali killed 10 people and injured 61 others.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a></li> <li>April 28 – 33 soldiers were killed and 12 more were wounded from an attack on a military base in eastern Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a></li> <li>May 11 – 33 vegetable farmers were killed by gunmen in <a href="/wiki/Boucle_du_Mouhoun_Region" title="Boucle du Mouhoun Region">Boucle du Mouhoun Region</a>, Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a></li> <li>June 2 – Two people were killed after jihadists attacked a food convoy in the <a href="/wiki/Loroum_Province" title="Loroum Province">Loroum</a> province. Two military units that were escorting the convoy attacked back, killing at least 50 jihadists.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a></li> <li>June 5 – Suspected jihadists kill 21 people in <a href="/wiki/Sawenga" title="Sawenga">Sawenga</a>, Burkina Faso. At least 14 of the dead were members of the <a href="/wiki/Volunteers_for_the_Defense_of_the_Homeland" title="Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland">VDP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a></li> <li>June 9 – One U.N. Peacekeeper was killed and another 8 were injured after they were attacked by an IED and then fired at in Mali's <a href="/wiki/Tombouctou_Region" title="Tombouctou Region">Tombouctou</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a></li> <li>June 27 – A supply convoy that was escorted by military personnel was ambushed by suspected jihadists while returning from <a href="/wiki/Djibo" title="Djibo">Djibo</a>. At least 34 soldiers were killed.<a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a></li> <li>June 30 – UN peacekeeping mission <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Multidimensional_Integrated_Stabilization_Mission_in_Mali" title="United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali">MINUSMA</a> disbands as requested from the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Mali)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Mali)">Foreign Minister of Mali</a>, with all UN forces due to leave Mali by December 31.<a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a></li> <li>July 5 – 15 civilians were killed by suspected jihadists in the province of <a href="/wiki/Gnagna_Province" title="Gnagna Province">Gnagna</a> in Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a></li> <li>July 15 – A police officer and four civilians are killed in a suspected jihadist attack in <a href="/wiki/Tillab%C3%A9ri_Region" title="Tillabéri Region">Tillabéri Region</a>, Niger.<a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a></li> <li>July 26–28 – A <a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Nigerien coup d'état">coup d’état</a> occurred in <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> when <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Bazoum" title="Mohamed Bazoum">Mohamed Bazoum</a> was detained by the country's presidential guard and <a href="/wiki/Abdourahamane_Tchiani" title="Abdourahamane Tchiani">Abdourahamane Tchiani</a> proclaimed himself the leader of a military <a href="/wiki/National_Council_for_the_Safeguard_of_the_Homeland" title="National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland">junta</a>. This led to the start of the <a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerien_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Nigerien crisis">2023 Nigerien crisis</a>.</li> <li>August 3 – 16 Malian soldiers were killed in a jihadist attack in the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9naka_Region" title="Ménaka Region">Ménaka</a> region near Niger. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack.<a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a></li> <li>August 7 – Around 20 people were killed and over a dozen were injured in a suspected jihadist attack in the <a href="/wiki/Centre-Est_Region" title="Centre-Est Region">Centre-Est</a> region in Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a></li> <li>August 10 – <a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">ECOWAS</a> orders the activation and deployment of a regional standby force to restore constitutional order in Niger.<a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a></li> <li>August 13 – Armed jihadists killed 6 Malian soldiers in northern Mali.<a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a></li> <li>August 16 – 17 Nigerien soldiers were killed and 20 more were injured in an ambush by suspected jihadists near the town of Koutougou.<a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a></li> <li>August 18 – 23 people were killed by gunmen and 12 more were wounded in the village of Yarou in central Mali.<a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a></li> <li>August 20 – 12 Nigerien soldiers were killed in a suspected jihadist ambush in the <a href="/wiki/Tillab%C3%A9ri_Region" title="Tillabéri Region">Tillabéri Region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a></li> <li>September 2 – Four members of the VDP and a policeman were killed by jihadists in Silmiougou, Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a></li> <li>September 5 – <a href="/wiki/2023_Yatenga_Province_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Yatenga Province clashes">2023 Yatenga Province clashes</a>: 53 Burkina Faso soldiers were killed repelling a jihadist attack in the town of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koumbri_(Burkina_Faso)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koumbri (Burkina Faso) (page does not exist)">Koumbri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a></li> <li>September 7 – <a href="/wiki/September_2023_Mali_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 2023 Mali attacks">September 2023 Mali attacks</a>: 64 people, including 49 civilians and 15 soldiers, were killed in a 'complex' jihadist attack at a Malian military base in <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>.<a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a></li> <li>September 12 – At least 10 Malian soldiers were killed and 13 were wounded in an attack by a rebel group in northern Mali.<a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a></li> <li>September 14 – 8 people were killed, 10 were injured, and several more were missing after jihadists attacked a camp in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wendou,_Burkina_Faso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wendou, Burkina Faso (page does not exist)">Wendou</a>, Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a></li> <li>September 22 – Five people were killed and multiple others were injured after a mortar attack in Timbuktu.<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a></li> <li>September 28 – <a href="/wiki/2023_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Burkina Faso coup d'état attempt">2023 Burkina Faso coup d’état attempt</a>: Burkina Faso's military junta claimed that the country's intelligence and security services have foiled a coup attempt.<a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a> Four people have been arrested and two others are on the run for their alleged involvement.<a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a></li> <li>September 29 – 12 Nigerien soldiers were killed; 7 during combat and 5 after a road accident while attempting to respond to the attack, and another 7 were injured in an attack in southwestern Niger. Hundreds of jihadists participated in the attack, which took place in the town of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandadji,_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kandadji, Niger (page does not exist)">Kandadji</a>. Niger's defense minister claimed that over 100 jihadists were killed in a counteroffensive.<a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a></li> <li>September 30 – The <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Strategic_Framework_for_Peace,_Security,_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development">Permanent Strategic Framework</a>, a coalition of mainly Tuareg separatist groups, claimed to have killed 81 Malian soldiers in the center of the country. They also claimed to have wounded dozens more, taken five as prisoners, while losing seven of their own fighters. The claims have not been confirmed.<a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a></li> <li>October 2 – <a href="/wiki/2023_Tabatol_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Tabatol attack">2023 Tabatol attack</a>: At least 29 Nigerien soldiers were killed after being attacked by jihadists in western Niger, near the Malian border. Over 100 militants participated in the attack, who used IEDs and “kamikaze vehicles”. Two more soldiers were left seriously wounded and several dozen jihadists were killed.<a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a></li> <li>October 5 – France begun its withdrawal of military personnel from Niger, and stated that all French military units in the country will return to France by the end of the year.<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a></li> <li>October 15 – Six Nigerien soldiers were killed and 18 were injured in a clash between Niger's armed forces and "terrorist elements" in the town of <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9ra" title="Téra">Téra</a>. 31 terrorists were also killed.<a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a></li> <li>October 27 – A <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Multidimensional_Integrated_Stabilization_Mission_in_Mali" title="United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali">MINUSMA</a> convoy was attacked while withdrawing peacekeepers from Mali, resulting in four truck drivers being wounded.<a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a></li> <li>November 1 – A UN convoy was attacked by an IED after leaving its camp in <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a>, Mali, injuring eight peacekeepers.<a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a></li> <li>November 3 – Seven UN peacekeepers were injured after a convoy was hit by IEDs.<a href="#cite_note-325">[324]</a></li> <li>November 4 – 22 UN peacekeepers were injured after their convoy encountered two IEDs.<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a></li> <li>November 5 – At least 70 people were killed in the Burkinabè village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaongo,_Burkina_Faso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaongo, Burkina Faso (page does not exist)">Zaongo</a> by unknown assailants.<a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a></li> <li>November 7: <ul><li>At leas14 people, including children, the deputy mayor and a local councillor, were killed after a series of strikes on the town of Kidal perpetrated by the <a href="/wiki/Malian_Armed_Forces" title="Malian Armed Forces">Malian Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-328">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a></li> <li>About 40 <a href="/wiki/Dogon_people" title="Dogon people">Dogon people</a> were kidnapped after ambushes on several public transport buses traveling between <a href="/wiki/Koro,_Mali" title="Koro, Mali">Koro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bankass" title="Bankass">Bankass</a> by suspected Islamic extremists. The women were later released. About 30 men remain hostage.<a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a></li> <li>Unidentified gunmen killed a journalist and kidnapped two others on the Gao–Asongo road.<a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a></li></ul></li> <li>November 18 – Fifteen people, including three army auxiliaries, were killed in simultaneous attacks in <a href="/wiki/Diapaga" title="Diapaga">Diapaga</a>, Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a></li> <li>November 26 – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djibo_(2023)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Djibo (2023)">Battle of Djibo</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin">JNIM</a> fighters carried out a "major" attack on a military base, targeting an army detachment in Djibo. Burkina Faso claimed that they inflicted "heavy losses" on the attackers, while some soldiers were killed. They also attacked homes and camps in the city, killing at least 40 civilians and injuring 42.<a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a> The Burkina Faso Information Agency stated that the attacks were an attempt to seize Djibo, in which 3,000 criminals participated in. They added that around 400 of them were "destroyed" during a counter-offensive by the country's Armed Forces.<a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a></li> <li>November 28 – Mali announced that they started several investigations against leaders of various ethnic separatist and jihadist groups for terrorism and money laundering. Among those under investigation are <a href="/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghaly" title="Iyad Ag Ghaly">Iyag Ag Ghaly</a>, and six other leaders of Tuareg rebel groups.<a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a></li> <li>December 1 – Daouda Diallo, a human rights defender in Burkina Faso, was abducted by unknown individuals in the country's capital. The abductors were dressed in civilian clothing, and captured Diallo as he tried to enter his car.<a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a></li> <li>December 3 – The Malian army claimed that it repelled jihadist attacks against four localities in northern Mali.<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a></li> <li>December 12: <ul><li>Around 30 soldiers and five civilians were killed in twin attacks in Mali's <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gou_Region" title="Ségou Region">Ségou Region</a>. Militants stormed the village of Farabougou and attacked a nearby military camp. Some residents in Farabougou were kidnapped, and the camp was burned down by the attackers.<a href="#cite_note-338">[337]</a></li> <li>Three people were killed and another was injured from an IED explosion in <a href="/wiki/Bankass" title="Bankass">Bankass</a>, Mali.<a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a></li></ul></li> <li>December 13 – JNIM leader <a href="/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghaly" title="Iyad Ag Ghaly">Iyad Ag Ghaly</a> published a video warning about a "new phase of Jihad" and urged local residents to fight against the juntas of Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and the <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a></li> <li>December 24: <ul><li>GSIM fighters launched an attack on the Solle detachment, killing around 60 Burkinabé soldiers. The soldiers were able to repel the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-:5-341">[340]</a></li> <li>A gendarmerie base in <a href="/wiki/Gorgadji_Department" title="Gorgadji Department">Gorgadji</a> was attacked by several terrorists on motorbikes.<a href="#cite_note-:5-341">[340]</a></li></ul></li> <li>December 29 – A Nigerien soldier was killed and an additional five were wounded when their vehicle drove over a land mine in <a href="/wiki/Ouro_Gueladjo" title="Ouro Gueladjo">Ouro Gueladjo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-342">[341]</a></li> <li>December 30 – Several civilians and soldiers were killed during an attack on a military base in <a href="/wiki/Nouna" title="Nouna">Nouna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-341">[340]</a></li> <li>December 31 – Niger's defense ministry announced that 11 people were killed in weekend attacks on the villages of Amara and Loudji.<a href="#cite_note-:6-342">[341]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024">2024</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 2024">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 5 – An unknown number of civilians were killed while Niger's army conducted airstrikes against terrorists as they attempted to attack a military post in Tyawa.<a href="#cite_note-343">[342]</a></li> <li>January 28 – 22 people were killed during a suspected jihadist attack on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motogatta,_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motogatta, Niger (page does not exist)">Motogatta</a>, Niger.<a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a></li> <li>February 25: <ul><li>Islamic State militants killed 15 people and injured two others in a Catholic church in Essakane village, Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a></li> <li>Several dozen people were killed, including an important religious figure, when armed individuals (most likely affiliated with JNIM) attacked a mosque in Natiaboani, Burkina Faso. Soldiers and members of the VDP were also targeted by the attackers.<a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondin_and_Soro_massacres" title="Nondin and Soro massacres">Nondin and Soro massacres</a>: Members of the Burkina Faso Armed Forces killed 223 civilians in Nondin and Soro.<a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a></li></ul></li> <li>March 22 – <a href="/wiki/2024_Tillab%C3%A9ri_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Tillabéri attack">2024 Tillabéri attack</a>: A Nigerien military unit was attacked by over 100 militants between Teguey and Bankilare in the Tillabéri Region. 23 soldiers were killed and 17 more were wounded, while at least 30 attackers were killed.<a href="#cite_note-348">[347]</a></li> <li>March 31 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Attaque_de_Tawori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attaque de Tawori (page does not exist)">Tawori attack</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attaque_de_Tawori" class="extiw" title="fr:Attaque de Tawori">fr</a>]: JNIM militants attacked a Burkinabe army detachment in Tawori, killing 73 including 32 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a></li> <li>April 30 – Malian authorities announced the killing of senior Islamic State commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Huzeifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Huzeifa (page does not exist)">Abu Huzeifa</a>, who was linked to the <a href="/wiki/Tongo_Tongo_ambush" title="Tongo Tongo ambush">Tongo Tongo ambush</a>.<a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a></li> <li>May 1 – A suspected JNIM improvised explosive device bombing near <a href="/wiki/Arbinda" title="Arbinda">Arbinda</a>, Burkina Faso killed one civilian and injured four others.<a href="#cite_note-:7-351">[350]</a></li> <li>May 19 – The chief of <a href="/wiki/Barhiaga" title="Barhiaga">Barhiaga</a>, Burkina Faso, was killed by JNIM fighters who accused him of collaborating with the <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso_Armed_Forces" title="Burkina Faso Armed Forces">Burkina Faso Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-351">[350]</a></li> <li>May 22 – Hundreds of JNIM militants attacked a <a href="/wiki/Volunteers_for_the_Defense_of_the_Homeland" title="Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland">VDP</a> base and <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced persons</a>' camp that housed around 3,500 people in <a href="/wiki/Gougr%C3%A9" title="Gougré">Gougré</a>, Burkina Faso, killing eight VDP fighters and 72 civilians and injuring 40 others.<a href="#cite_note-:7-351">[350]</a></li> <li>June 11: <ul><li>JNIM claimed responsibility for an attack on a military post in <a href="/wiki/Mansila_(department)" title="Mansila (department)">Mansila</a> that they said killed 107 Burkinabe soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a></li> <li>At least 20 civilians were killed and many were displaced after suspected JNIM militants attacked Sindo, Burkina Faso. They also looted shops and stole livestock.<a href="#cite_note-:7-351">[350]</a></li></ul></li> <li>June 18 – JNIM fighters with tree branches attacked five women returning to Sindo.<a href="#cite_note-:7-351">[350]</a></li> <li>June 30 – Suspected JNIM militants killed at least two civilians in the Niamana in <a href="/wiki/Hauts-Bassins_Region" title="Hauts-Bassins Region">Hauts-Bassins Region</a>, Burkina Faso after previously attacking civilians and armed personnel in the village.<a href="#cite_note-:7-351">[350]</a></li> <li>July 27 – JNIM claimed that it ambushed soldiers and Wagner Group mercenaries fleeing the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tinzaouaten_(2024)" title="Battle of Tinzaouaten (2024)">Battle of Tinzaouaten</a>, killing ten Malians and 50 Russians.<a href="#cite_note-353">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[353]</a></li> <li>August 24 – <a href="/wiki/2024_Barsalogho_attack" title="2024 Barsalogho attack">2024 Barsalogho attack</a>: JNIM militants killed at least 400 people during an attack against soldiers and civilians digging trenches in Barsalogho, Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-355">[354]</a></li> <li>September 17 – <a href="/wiki/2024_Bamako_attacks" title="2024 Bamako attacks">2024 Bamako attacks</a>: JNIM conducted a major attack against Malian military sites in <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a>, claiming that it killed and injured hundreds of soldiers. Malian TV acknowledged "some" deaths.<a href="#cite_note-356">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a></li> <li>September 18 – Niger announced that 12 soldiers were killed and 30 others were injured in several attacks throughout the week.<a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a></li> <li>November 21 – At least six Wagner Group fighters were killed in an ambush on a convoy in the <a href="/wiki/Mopti_Region" title="Mopti Region">Mopti Region</a> claimed by JNIM.<a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects">Effects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Effects">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Coup_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup belt">Coup belt</a></div> As a result of the insurgency, the affected countries have been severely destabilized, with the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Coup_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup belt">coup belt</a> following several <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'états</a> within the region due to perceived inability to handle the conflict. In <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, both countries lost significant control of their territory to the Islamists. The conflict has also seen a political shift in the region, with many <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">military juntas</a>, many having recently overthrown <a href="/wiki/US" class="mw-redirect" title="US">US</a>- and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a>-backed governments, allying themselves with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian government">Russian government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a>. In particular, Mali has seen significant activity of the Wagner Group as the government moved closer to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Niger saw its government being <a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Nigerien coup d'état">overthrown in 2023</a> due to poor management of the conflict. In particular, the <a href="/wiki/M62_Movement" title="M62 Movement">M62 Movement</a>, a pro-Russian and anti-Imperialist group, supported the coup. Burkina Faso also saw its government being overthrown twice within a year, with coups occurring <a href="/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">in January</a> <a href="/wiki/September_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">and September</a>, both of which caused by poor management of the conflict against Islamists. As a result of Russian expansion, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> had funded opposition groups.<a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a> Although not affected as much, countries nearby like <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> have been under constant threat of either full-on insurgency or severe destabilization internally. Guinea has already seen <a href="/wiki/2021_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Guinean coup d'état">a coup d'état</a> while <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">the Gambia</a> has seen turmoil internally. Northern Benin has seen an increase in terrorism attributed to Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin and the Islamic State, with 28 incidents attributed to the groups between 1 November 2021 and 14 September 2022, including the <a href="/wiki/W_National_Park_massacre" title="W National Park massacre">W National Park massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-361">[360]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram (or ISWAP) insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> 22,074 from 2007–2022,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> 12,000+ in 2023<a href="#cite_note-GCRP-38">[38]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304174249/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5izdxWFAGBaPrzePzMhFV_lG7_8UA?docId=CNG.7c89daafc598520ace67ee7e41be9139.621">"Niger army hunts for Al-Qaeda after clash"</a>. AFP. 15 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5izdxWFAGBaPrzePzMhFV_lG7_8UA?docId=CNG.7c89daafc598520ace67ee7e41be9139.621">the original</a> on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Niger+army+hunts+for+Al-Qaeda+after+clash&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5izdxWFAGBaPrzePzMhFV_lG7_8UA%3FdocId%3DCNG.7c89daafc598520ace67ee7e41be9139.621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFR-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CFR_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CFR_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CFR_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CFR_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CFR_2-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150511122144/http://www.cfr.org/terrorist-organizations-and-networks/al-qaeda-islamic-maghreb-aqim/p12717#p8">"Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)"</a>. Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/terrorist-organizations-and-networks/al-qaeda-islamic-maghreb-aqim/p12717#p8">the original</a> on 11 May 2015. 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Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603213507/https://globalnews.ca/news/7556094/20-dead-27-missing-mali-airstrike/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-06-03. Retrieved 2022-06-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=At+least+20+killed+in+central+Mali+airstrike%2C+witnesses+say&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F7556094%2F20-dead-27-missing-mali-airstrike%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/01/06/6-killed-northern-burkina-faso-attack/">"At Least 6 Killed in Northern Burkina Faso Attack"</a>. January 6, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603213455/https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/01/06/6-killed-northern-burkina-faso-attack/">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2022. Retrieved June 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+Least+6+Killed+in+Northern+Burkina+Faso+Attack&rft.date=2021-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedefensepost.com%2F2021%2F01%2F06%2F6-killed-northern-burkina-faso-attack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/01/1082062">"Four UN peacekeepers killed, five wounded in attack in Mali"</a>. UN News. Jan 14, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205062305/https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/01/1082062">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved Feb 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=Four+UN+peacekeepers+killed%2C+five+wounded+in+attack+in+Mali&rft.date=2021-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2021%2F01%2F1082062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/3/at-least-nine-soldiers-killed-in-central-mali-ambush-army">"At least 9 soldiers killed in latest central Mali attack"</a>. aljazeera.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120140354/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/3/at-least-nine-soldiers-killed-in-central-mali-ambush-army">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-20. Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=At+least+9+soldiers+killed+in+latest+central+Mali+attack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F2%2F3%2Fat-least-nine-soldiers-killed-in-central-mali-ambush-army&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/03/17/niger-attacks-58-killed/">"Fifty-Eight Killed in 'Barbarous' Niger Attacks Near Mali Border"</a>. The Defense Post. 2021-03-17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926070715/https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/03/17/niger-attacks-58-killed/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-09-26. Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Defense+Post&rft.atitle=Fifty-Eight+Killed+in+%27Barbarous%27+Niger+Attacks+Near+Mali+Border&rft.date=2021-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedefensepost.com%2F2021%2F03%2F17%2Fniger-attacks-58-killed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/17/at-least-33-killed-in-northern-mali-attack">"Attackers on trucks and motorbikes raid Mali base, kill 33 troops"</a>. aljazeera.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019034923/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/17/at-least-33-killed-in-northern-mali-attack">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Attackers+on+trucks+and+motorbikes+raid+Mali+base%2C+kill+33+troops&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F3%2F17%2Fat-least-33-killed-in-northern-mali-attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/03/23/137-dead-niger-deadliest-jihadist-massacre/">"137 Killed in Niger's Deadliest Suspected Jihadist Massacre"</a>. The Defense Post. 2021-03-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021173547/https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/03/23/137-dead-niger-deadliest-jihadist-massacre/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Defense+Post&rft.atitle=137+Killed+in+Niger%27s+Deadliest+Suspected+Jihadist+Massacre&rft.date=2021-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedefensepost.com%2F2021%2F03%2F23%2F137-dead-niger-deadliest-jihadist-massacre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/22/gunmen-on-motorbikes-raid-niger-villages-kill-scores">"Gunmen on motorbikes raid Niger villages, kill at least 137"</a>. aljazeera.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210322220618/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/22/gunmen-on-motorbikes-raid-niger-villages-kill-scores">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-03-22. Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Gunmen+on+motorbikes+raid+Niger+villages%2C+kill+at+least+137&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F3%2F22%2Fgunmen-on-motorbikes-raid-niger-villages-kill-scores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-248">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_248-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_248-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/3/16-soldiers-killed-in-western-niger-ambush">"Sixteen soldiers killed in western Niger ambush"</a>. aljazeera.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210503091732/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/3/16-soldiers-killed-in-western-niger-ambush">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Sixteen+soldiers+killed+in+western+Niger+ambush&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F5%2F3%2F16-soldiers-killed-in-western-niger-ambush&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-march-25-april-7-2021/">"Spotlight on Global Jihad (March 25 – April 7, 2021)"</a>. The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center. 2021-04-08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211227065918/https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-march-25-april-7-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Meir+Amit+Intelligence+and+Terrorism+Information+Center&rft.atitle=Spotlight+on+Global+Jihad+%28March+25+%E2%80%93+April+7%2C+2021%29&rft.date=2021-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrorism-info.org.il%2Fen%2Fspotlight-on-global-jihad-march-25-april-7-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20210415-deux-soldats-tchadiens-de-la-force-du-g5-sahel-tu%C3%A9s-au-mali">"Deux soldats tchadiens de la force du G5 Sahel tués au Mali"</a>. rfi.fr (in French). 15 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417031932/https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20210415-deux-soldats-tchadiens-de-la-force-du-g5-sahel-tu%C3%A9s-au-mali">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rfi.fr&rft.atitle=Deux+soldats+tchadiens+de+la+force+du+G5+Sahel+tu%C3%A9s+au+Mali&rft.date=2021-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Ffr%2Fen-bref%2F20210415-deux-soldats-tchadiens-de-la-force-du-g5-sahel-tu%25C3%25A9s-au-mali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/irish-wildlife-conservationist-killed-burkina-faso-attack-2021-04-28/#:~:text=DAKAR%2C%20April%2028%20(Reuters),in%20Burkina%20Faso%20this%20week.">"Irish wildlife conservationist killed in Burkina Faso attack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 28 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428102337/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/irish-wildlife-conservationist-killed-burkina-faso-attack-2021-04-28/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Irish+wildlife+conservationist+killed+in+Burkina+Faso+attack&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Firish-wildlife-conservationist-killed-burkina-faso-attack-2021-04-28%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DDAKAR%252C%2520April%252028%2520%28Reuters%29%2Cin%2520Burkina%2520Faso%2520this%2520week.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/27/two-spanish-citizens-killed-in-burkina-faso-ambush">"Spanish reporters, Irish campaigner killed in Burkina Faso ambush"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a>. 27 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210429085432/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/27/two-spanish-citizens-killed-in-burkina-faso-ambush">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Spanish+reporters%2C+Irish+campaigner+killed+in+Burkina+Faso+ambush&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F4%2F27%2Ftwo-spanish-citizens-killed-in-burkina-faso-ambush&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrneSchillerMoloney2021" class="citation news cs1">Byrne, Luke; Schiller, Robin; Moloney, Eoghan (28 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/irishman-shot-dead-in-burkina-faso-ambush-previously-survived-jihadi-attack-40363684.html">"Irishman shot dead in Burkina Faso ambush previously survived jihadi attack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502150715/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/irishman-shot-dead-in-burkina-faso-ambush-previously-survived-jihadi-attack-40363684.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Irishman+shot+dead+in+Burkina+Faso+ambush+previously+survived+jihadi+attack&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft.au=Schiller%2C+Robin&rft.au=Moloney%2C+Eoghan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Firish-news%2Firishman-shot-dead-in-burkina-faso-ambush-previously-survived-jihadi-attack-40363684.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayden2021" class="citation news cs1">Hayden, Sally (27 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/irish-wildlife-activist-killed-in-burkina-faso-with-two-journalists-1.4548871">"Irish wildlife activist killed in Burkina Faso with two journalists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428155926/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/irish-wildlife-activist-killed-in-burkina-faso-with-two-journalists-1.4548871">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Irish+wildlife+activist+killed+in+Burkina+Faso+with+two+journalists&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft.aulast=Hayden&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Firish-wildlife-activist-killed-in-burkina-faso-with-two-journalists-1.4548871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2021/04/27/60875a67fdddff474e8b4573.html">Los periodistas españoles David Beriáin y Roberto Fraile mueren en un ataque armado en Burkina Faso</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314180954/https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2021/04/27/60875a67fdddff474e8b4573.html">Archived</a> 2022-03-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, El Mundo, 27-4-2021 </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-april-22-29-2021/">"Spotlight on Global Jihad (April 22–29, 2021)"</a>. 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Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Meir+Amit+Intelligence+and+Terrorism+Information+Center&rft.atitle=Spotlight+on+Global+Jihad+%28April+22%E2%80%9329%2C+2021%29&rft.date=2021-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrorism-info.org.il%2Fen%2Fspotlight-on-global-jihad-april-22-29-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/news24/africa/news/30-dead-in-attack-in-eastern-burkina-faso-20210503">"'30 dead' in attack in eastern Burkina Faso"</a>. 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Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News24&rft.atitle=%2730+dead%27+in+attack+in+eastern+Burkina+Faso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2Fnews24%2Fafrica%2Fnews%2F30-dead-in-attack-in-eastern-burkina-faso-20210503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-april-30-may-5-2021/">"Spotlight on Global Jihad (April 30 – May 5, 2021)"</a>. The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center. 2021-05-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210910014311/https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-april-30-may-5-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-09-10. Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Meir+Amit+Intelligence+and+Terrorism+Information+Center&rft.atitle=Spotlight+on+Global+Jihad+%28April+30+%E2%80%93+May+5%2C+2021%29&rft.date=2021-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrorism-info.org.il%2Fen%2Fspotlight-on-global-jihad-april-30-may-5-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-may-19-26-2021/">"Spotlight on Global Jihad (May 19–26, 2021)"</a>. The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center. 2021-05-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211024131347/https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-may-19-26-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-24. Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Meir+Amit+Intelligence+and+Terrorism+Information+Center&rft.atitle=Spotlight+on+Global+Jihad+%28May+19%E2%80%9326%2C+2021%29&rft.date=2021-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrorism-info.org.il%2Fen%2Fspotlight-on-global-jihad-may-19-26-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memri.org/jttm/warning-%E2%80%93-graphic-isis-executes-christians-arrested-checkpoint-mali-niger-sahel-area">"WARNING – GRAPHIC: ISIS Executes Christians Arrested At Checkpoint In The Mali, Niger, Sahel Area"</a>. 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Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MEMRI&rft.atitle=WARNING+%E2%80%93+GRAPHIC%3A+ISIS+Executes+Christians+Arrested+At+Checkpoint+In+The+Mali%2C+Niger%2C+Sahel+Area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memri.org%2Fjttm%2Fwarning-%25E2%2580%2593-graphic-isis-executes-christians-arrested-checkpoint-mali-niger-sahel-area&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-june-2-9-2021/">"Spotlight on Global Jihad (June 2–9, 2021)"</a>. The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center. 2021-06-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210909133614/https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-june-2-9-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-09-09. Retrieved 2021-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Meir+Amit+Intelligence+and+Terrorism+Information+Center&rft.atitle=Spotlight+on+Global+Jihad+%28June+2%E2%80%939%2C+2021%29&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrorism-info.org.il%2Fen%2Fspotlight-on-global-jihad-june-2-9-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/22/burkina-faso-at-least-11-policemen-killed-in-ambush">"Burkina Faso says 11 police officers killed in ambush, 4 missing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a>. 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The Defense Post. 6 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005045145/https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/08/06/30-killed-burkina-faso/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2021. 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The Defense Post. 12 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210925233439/https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/08/12/fifteen-people-killed-niger/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2021. 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Retrieved 3 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France24&rft.atitle=French+soldier+killed+in+Mali+in+clash+with+armed+terrorist+group&rft.date=2021-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20210924-french-soldier-killed-in-mali-in-clash-with-armed-terrorist-group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamist+insurgency+in+the+Sahel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/10/07/sixteen-soldiers-killed-mali/">"Sixteen Soldiers Killed in Central Mali Attack"</a>. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ongoing_armed_conflicts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Template:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Template talk:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ongoing_armed_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">Ongoing armed conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Central African Republic Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Chad_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in Chad (2016–present)">Insurgency in Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katanga_insurgency" title="Katanga insurgency">Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_DR_Congo_clashes" title="Western DR Congo clashes">Western DR Congo clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">M23 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">ADF insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Insurgency in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Insurgency in the Sahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Jihadist insurgency in Niger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libyan Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Western Saharan clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_bandit_conflict" title="Nigerian bandit conflict">Nigerian bandit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence in Nigeria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Conflict in the Niger Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azawad_conflict" title="Azawad conflict">Azawad conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war">Mexican drug war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_gang_crackdown" title="Salvadoran gang crackdown">Salvadoran gang crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_gang_crackdown" title="Honduran gang crackdown">Honduran gang crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_war_in_Haiti" title="Gang war in Haiti">Gang war in Haiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_security_crisis" title="Ecuadorian security crisis">Ecuadorian security crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Paraguay" title="Insurgency in Paraguay">Insurgency in Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian conflict">Peruvian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Islamic State–Taliban conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bangladesh" title="Terrorism in Bangladesh">Internal conflict in Bangladesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_drug_war" title="Bangladesh drug war">Drugs</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Radd-ul-Fasaad" title="Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad">Insurgency in Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Sectarian violence in Pakistan">Sectarian violence in Pakistan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South- east</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_conflict" title="Myanmar conflict">Myanmar conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">Myanmar civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_conflict" title="Kachin conflict">Kachin conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalay_clashes" title="Kalay clashes">Kalay clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_conflict" title="Karen conflict">Karen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen%E2%80%93Mon_conflict" title="Karen–Mon conflict">Karen–Mon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_Rakhine_State_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present)">Conflict in Rakhine State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_conflict" title="Rohingya conflict">Rohingya conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conflict_in_the_Philippines" title="Civil conflict in the Philippines">Conflicts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_drug_war" title="Philippine drug war">Drug war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraq conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi–led intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Hezbollah–Israel conflict">Hezbollah–Israel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Iran–Israel conflict in Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93PJAK_conflict" title="Iran–PJAK conflict">Iran–PJAK conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Iran clashes (2016–present)">Western Iran clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency">Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(2015%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (2015–present)">2015–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="Maoist insurgency in Turkey">Maoist insurgency in Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHKP/C_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey">DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Desert campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus">Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_Irish_republican_campaign" title="Dissident Irish republican campaign">Dissident Irish republican campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_feud" title="Loyalist feud">Loyalist feud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_on_terror" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_on_terror" title="Template:War on terror"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_on_terror" title="Template talk:War on terror"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_on_terror" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War on terror"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_on_terror" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011) (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_of_terrorism" title="Symbolism of terrorism">Symbolism of terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_bin_Laden" title="Hamza bin Laden">Hamza bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirajuddin_Haqqani" title="Sirajuddin Haqqani">Sirajuddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Haqqani" title="Jalaluddin Haqqani">Jalaluddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Haqqani" title="Anas Haqqani">Anas Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Haqqani" title="Khalil Haqqani">Khalil Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Saeed" title="Hafiz Saeed">Hafiz Saeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Mohamed_Ahmed_Bahaziq" title="Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq">Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkat-ul-Jihad_al-Islami" title="Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami">Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbul_Mujahideen" title="Hizbul Mujahideen">Hizbul Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union" title="Islamic Courts Union">Islamic Courts Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan" title="Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan">Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">OEF – Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Train_and_Equip_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Train and Equip Program">Georgia Train and Equip Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Sustainment_and_Stability_Operations_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Sustainment and Stability Operations Program">Georgia Sustainment and Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">OEF – Horn of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">OEF – Trans Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Active_Endeavour" title="Operation Active Endeavour">Operation Active Endeavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">Operation Linda Nchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Terrorism in Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">2007 Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_Memos" title="Torture Memos">Torture Memos</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2009" title="Military Commissions Act of 2009">Military Commissions Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Surveillance_Program" title="President's Surveillance Program">President's Surveillance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protect_America_Act_of_2007" title="Protect America Act of 2007">Protect America Act of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_Surveillance_Program" title="Terrorist Surveillance Program">Terrorist Surveillance Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of Civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatant_Status_Review_Tribunal" title="Combatant Status Review Tribunal">Combatant Status Review Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">Criticism of the war on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Enhanced interrogation techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_prisoners_of_the_United_States" title="Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States">Extrajudicial prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">Extraordinary rendition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Noble_Eagle" title="Operation Noble Eagle">Operation Noble Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Assist" title="Operation Eagle Assist">Operation Eagle Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">State Sponsors of Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposition_Matrix" title="Disposition Matrix">Targeted killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killing_in_International_Law" title="Targeted Killing in International Law">Targeted Killing in International Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killings" title="Targeted Killings">Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage_(organisation)" title="Cage (organisation)">CAGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:War_on_terror" title="Category:War on terror">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror" class="extiw" title="commons:War on terror">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Africa" title="List of conflicts in Africa">conflicts in Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Egypt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian Crisis</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a> (2011–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-coup_unrest_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)">Post-coup unrest</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Terrorism in Egypt</a> (2013–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kufra_conflict" title="2008 Kufra conflict">2008 Kufra conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Libyan crisis (2011–present)">Libyan crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">2011 civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factional_violence_in_Libya_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)">2011–2014 factional violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">2014–2020 civil war</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Western Sahara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> (1970–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">War, 1975–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Clashes, 2020–present</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a> (1991–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_revolution" title="Tunisian revolution">Tunisian revolution</a> (2010–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Nigeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> (1998–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Niger Delta conflict</a> (2003–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Niger_Delta_conflict" title="2016 Niger Delta conflict">2016 conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mali</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tuareg rebellions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(1990%E2%80%931995)" title="Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)">1990–1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2007%E2%80%932009)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)">2007–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> (2012–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sierra Leone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="Sierra Leone Civil War">Sierra Leone Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Liberia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Liberian Civil Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">1989–1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">1999–2003</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Côte d'Ivoire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ivorian Civil Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="First Ivorian Civil War">2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="Second Ivorian Civil War">2010–2011</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Civil_War" title="Guinea-Bissau Civil War">Guinea-Bissau Civil War</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Guinea_clashes" title="2013 Guinea clashes">Guinea clashes</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a> (1982–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932017_Gambian_constitutional_crisis" title="2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis">2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECOWAS_military_intervention_in_the_Gambia" title="ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia">ECOWAS military intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a> (2020–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Angola</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> (1975–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a> (1975–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">DR Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Congo_War" title="First Congo War">First Congo War</a> (1996–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a> (1996–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a> (1998–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a> (1999–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> (2004–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongo_conflict" title="Dongo conflict">Dongo conflict</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23_Movement" title="March 23 Movement">March 23 Movement</a> conflict <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_rebellion" title="M23 rebellion">2012–2013 rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">2022–2024 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwa%E2%80%93Luba_clashes" title="Batwa–Luba clashes">Batwa–Luba clashes</a> (2013–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamwina_Nsapu_rebellion" title="Kamwina Nsapu rebellion">Kamwina Nsapu rebellion</a> (2016–2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Republic of the Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Civil wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1993%E2%80%931994)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–1994)">1993–1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1997%E2%80%931999)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)">1997–1999</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932003_conflict_in_the_Pool_Department" title="2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department">Pool Department conflict</a> (2002–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_War" title="Pool War">Pool War</a> (2016–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Central African Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Bush_War" title="Central African Republic Bush War">Bush War</a> (2004–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Civil War (2012–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_conflict_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Central African Republic conflict (2013–2014)">Djotodia period, 2013–2014</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Chad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)">Civil War (2005–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northern_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Northern Chad">Insurgency in Northern Chad</a> (2016–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Northern_Chad_offensive" title="2021 Northern Chad offensive">2021 offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a> (1987–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Ethiopia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency, 2018–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Ogaden" title="Insurgency in Ogaden">Insurgency in Ogaden</a> (1994–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Afar_insurgency" title="Second Afar insurgency">Second Afar insurgency</a> (1995–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict</a> (2000–2018) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">War, 1998–2000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benishangul-Gumuz_conflict" title="Benishangul-Gumuz conflict">Benishangul-Gumuz conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromia%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromia–Somali clashes">Oromia–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Somalia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puntland%E2%80%93Somaliland_dispute" title="Puntland–Somaliland dispute">Puntland–Somaliland dispute</a> (1998–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">2009–present phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Kenya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflicts_in_Kenya" title="Ethnic conflicts in Kenya">Ethnic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali%E2%80%93Kenyan_conflict" title="Somali–Kenyan conflict">Somali–Kenyan conflict</a> (1963–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likoni#The_Likoni_Massacres" title="Likoni">Likoni massacres</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Kenyan_crisis" title="2007–2008 Kenyan crisis">Kenyan crisis</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Tana_River_District_clashes" title="2012–2013 Tana River District clashes">2012–2013 Tana River District clashes</a> (2012–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baragoi_clashes" title="Baragoi clashes">Baragoi clashes</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">South Sudan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">Civil War</a> (2013–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyei_conflict_(2022%E2%80%932023)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abyei conflict (2022–2023)">Abyei conflict (2022–2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sudan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> (1983–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a> (2003–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict</a> (2011–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_clashes_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023)">Blue Nile clashes</a> (2022–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Uganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a> (1987–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a> (1996–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasese_clashes" title="Kasese clashes">Kasese clashes</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Civil_War" title="Rwandan Civil War">Rwandan Civil War</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">genocide</a> (1990–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_Civil_War" title="Djiboutian Civil War">Djiboutian Civil War</a> (1991–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanish_Islands_conflict" title="Hanish Islands conflict">Hanish Islands conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_invasion_of_Anjouan" title="2008 invasion of Anjouan">2008 invasion of Anjouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian%E2%80%93Eritrean_border_conflict" title="Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict">Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict</a></li> <li>Burundian conflicts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_Civil_War" title="Burundian Civil War">1993–2005 Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_unrest_(2015%E2%80%932018)" title="Burundian unrest (2015–2018)">2015–2018 unrest</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mozambique</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a> (1977–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENAMO_insurgency_(2013%E2%80%932021)" title="RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)">RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">Bophuthatswana crisis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprivi_conflict" title="Caprivi conflict">Caprivi conflict</a> (1994–1999)</li> <li>Lesothan conflicts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community_intervention_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern African Development Community intervention in Lesotho">SADC intervention in Lesotho</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Lesotho_political_crisis" title="2014 Lesotho political crisis">2014 Lesotho political crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Template talk:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Militant Islamism</a> in Sub-Saharan Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union" title="Islamic Courts Union">Islamic Courts Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Itihaad_al-Islamiya" title="Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya">Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbul_Islam" title="Hizbul Islam">Hizbul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansaru" title="Ansaru">Ansaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Oneness_and_Jihad_in_West_Africa" title="Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa">Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mulathameen" title="Al-Mulathameen">Al-Mulathameen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin">Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun_(militant_group)" title="Al-Mourabitoun (militant group)">Al-Mourabitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katiba_Macina" title="Katiba Macina">Katiba Macina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansarul_Islam_(Sahel)" title="Ansarul Islam (Sahel)">Ansarul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katibat_Salaheddin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katibat Salaheddin (page does not exist)">Katibat Salaheddin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Mali)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Mali)">Ansar al-Sharia (Mali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Mauritania)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Mauritania)">Ansar al-Sharia (Mauritania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces" title="Allied Democratic Forces">Allied Democratic Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_the_Greater_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in the Greater Sahara">Islamic State in the Greater Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – West Africa Province">Islamic State – West Africa Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_-_Central_Africa_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State - Central Africa Province">Islamic State - Central Africa Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Somalia">Islamic State in Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_-_Mozambique_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic State - Mozambique Province (page does not exist)">Islamic State - Mozambique Province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(Mozambique)" title="Al-Shabaab (Mozambique)">Ansar al-Sunna (Mozambique)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Yassin_Mohamed" title="Ali Yassin Mohamed">Ali Yassin Mohamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Dahir_Aweys" title="Hassan Dahir Aweys">Hassan Dahir Aweys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_Qalaf" title="Fuad Qalaf">Fuad Qalaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Mumin" title="Abdul Qadir Mumin">Abdul Qadir Mumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Belmokhtar" title="Mokhtar Belmokhtar">Mokhtar Belmokhtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abou_Zeid" title="Abdelhamid Abou Zeid">Abou Zeid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelmalek_Droukdel" title="Abdelmalek Droukdel">Abdelmalek Droukdel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abubakar_Shekau" title="Abubakar Shekau">Abubakar Shekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Umar_Abu_Ubaidah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Umar Abu Ubaidah">Ahmad Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Yusuf_(Boko_Haram)" title="Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)">Mohammed Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghaly" title="Iyad Ag Ghaly">Iyad Ag Ghaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadou_Koufa" title="Amadou Koufa">Amadou Koufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedane_Ag_Hita" title="Sedane Ag Hita">Sedane Ag Hita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Malam_Dicko" title="Ibrahim Malam Dicko">Ibrahim Malam Dicko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djaffar_Dicko" title="Djaffar Dicko">Djaffar Dicko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Baluku" title="Musa Baluku">Musa Baluku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Jihadist insurgency in Niger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somali Civil War (2009–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Part of <a href="/wiki/Template:Islamism" title="Template:Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li>Militant Islamism in <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Template:Militant Islamism in the Middle East">MENA region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia">South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&oldid=1261343005">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel&oldid=1261343005</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: 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