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<span>Existence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Existence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Existence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Existence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Notable alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sacrifice_of_College_of_Forestry_for_the_College_of_Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sacrifice_of_College_of_Forestry_for_the_College_of_Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sacrifice of College of Forestry for the College of Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sacrifice_of_College_of_Forestry_for_the_College_of_Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forestry_Studies_continue_at_Cornell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forestry_Studies_continue_at_Cornell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Forestry Studies continue at Cornell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forestry_Studies_continue_at_Cornell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item 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class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.034793°N 76.135475°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.034793; -76.135475</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">ESF</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_New_York_State_College_of_Forestry" title="History of the New York State College of Forestry">History of the New York State College of Forestry</a></div> <p>The <b>New York State College of Forestry at Cornell</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Statutory_college" title="Statutory college">statutory college</a> established in 1898 at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> to teach scientific forestry. The first four-year college of forestry in the country, it was defunded by the State of New York in 1903, over controversies involving the college's forestry practices in the Adirondacks. Forestry studies continued at Cornell even after the college's closing. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_State_College_of_Forestry_at_Cornell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernard_Fernow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bernard_Fernow.jpg/180px-Bernard_Fernow.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Bernard_Fernow.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Fernow" title="Bernhard Fernow">Bernhard Fernow</a>, first Dean of the College</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FMIB_41624_Students_and_Loggers_in_Permanent_Camp_on_the_Cornell_Forest_Reserve.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FMIB_41624_Students_and_Loggers_in_Permanent_Camp_on_the_Cornell_Forest_Reserve.jpeg/220px-FMIB_41624_Students_and_Loggers_in_Permanent_Camp_on_the_Cornell_Forest_Reserve.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FMIB_41624_Students_and_Loggers_in_Permanent_Camp_on_the_Cornell_Forest_Reserve.jpeg/330px-FMIB_41624_Students_and_Loggers_in_Permanent_Camp_on_the_Cornell_Forest_Reserve.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FMIB_41624_Students_and_Loggers_in_Permanent_Camp_on_the_Cornell_Forest_Reserve.jpeg/440px-FMIB_41624_Students_and_Loggers_in_Permanent_Camp_on_the_Cornell_Forest_Reserve.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1142" data-file-height="741" /></a><figcaption>Students and Loggers in Permanent Camp on the Cornell Forest Reserve</figcaption></figure> <p>The idea of a Cornell Forestry school began with Colonel <a href="/wiki/William_F._Fox" title="William F. Fox">William F. Fox</a>, Superintendent of New York's state-owned forests during the mid-1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, forestry research and education was conducted only in Great Britain and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Governor <a href="/wiki/Frank_S._Black" title="Frank S. Black">Frank S. Black</a> went on a fishing trip with a Cornell trustee and discussed Col. Fox's proposal, the suggestion was made that Cornell would be well-suited to implement the demonstration forest. Cornell President <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Gould_Schurman" title="Jacob Gould Schurman">Jacob Gould Schurman</a> then began lobbying for a state-funded college, just as he had successfully advocated for a state-funded veterinary college in 1894. The legislature quickly approved the new college.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The act authorized New York State to pay for a tract of forest land in the Adirondacks from funds, previously appropriated for the acquisition of lands to be held "forever wild" in the <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Forest_Preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Adirondack Forest Preserve">Adirondack Forest Preserve</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Cornell holding title, possession, management, and control for 30 years. After 30 years, the land would revert to the State. Schurman recruited German trained, Dr. <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Fernow" title="Bernhard Fernow">Bernhard E. Fernow</a>, who was then the 3rd Chief of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Division of Forestry (predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Forest_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Forest Service">U.S. Forest Service</a>) and one of the top forestry experts in the United States, to be the first Dean of the college. </p><p>Fernow moved quickly to acquire a tract of land to serve as a demonstration forest and purchased some.<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fernow's plan called for <a href="/wiki/Clearcutting" title="Clearcutting">clearcutting</a> the forestland at the rate of several thousand acres per year to prepare for planting conifers. He contracted with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Cooperage_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brooklyn Cooperage Company (page does not exist)">Brooklyn Cooperage Company</a> to take the logs and cordwood from the forest land for a 15-year period. In the 1890s, the more valuable red spruce trees had been logged, leaving primarily northern hardwoods. The years 1899, 1903, and 1908 were terrible years for forest fires in the Adirondacks. Many, tens of thousands of acres were consumed by forest fires. Most fires were started by sparks or embers flying from coal-burning locomotive stacks and landing on <a href="/wiki/Slash_(logging)" title="Slash (logging)">logging slash</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Marshall" title="Louis Marshall">Louis Marshall</a>, with a summer residence at <a href="/wiki/Knollwood_Club" title="Knollwood Club">Knollwood Club</a> on <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saranac_Lake" title="Lower Saranac Lake">Lower Saranac Lake</a>, branded locomotives as "instruments of arson."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The worst sin of the lumbermen was the fire menace that they left behind, and which caused incalculable destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Fernow had a 6-mile (9.7 km) long railroad spur built from Axton to Tupper Lake in order to deliver logs to the Brooklyn Cooperage Company facility. The company turned the hardwood logs into barrels and the cordwood into <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoal</a>, through a process called <a href="/wiki/Destructive_distillation" title="Destructive distillation">destructive distillation</a>. Historic charcoal kiln photo:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To his credit, Fernow established the first tree nursery in New York State at Axton, the site of an old lumber settlement originally called Axe-town. But most of the non-native conifer species he planted, such as <a href="/wiki/Norway_spruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Norway spruce">norway spruce</a>, did not do well for many years, with a denuded area as a result. Smoke from the burning of brush and logging slash, along with Fernow's arrogant disposition toward landowners from nearby Saranac Lake further alienated the public.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fernow's actions drew criticism also from Adirondack guides such as Ellsworth Petty (father of <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Petty" title="Clarence Petty">Clarence Petty</a>), who protested the plan and, in a letter writing campaign, successfully lobbied the State to assign a special "Committee of the Adirondacks" to tour the Axton site. In its findings, the commission concluded that "the college has exceeded the original intention of the State when the tract was granted the university for conducting silvicultural experiments."<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_2002._p_31_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_2002._p_31-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Existence">Existence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_State_College_of_Forestry_at_Cornell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Existence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1898, the New York State College of Forestry opened at Cornell, which was the first forestry college in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because some of the students were transfer students, even though the College had a four-year curriculum, it graduated students during each of the five years of its operation, and the demand for students with Cornell forestry degrees exceeded the supply. It also offered an optional fifth year for a professional masters in forestry degree. </p><p>In 1899, Fernow had been recruited as a member of New York's <a href="/wiki/E.H._Harriman" class="mw-redirect" title="E.H. Harriman">E.H. Harriman</a> expedition to Alaska, along with fellow Cornellian <a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz_Fuertes" title="Louis Agassiz Fuertes">Louis Agassiz Fuertes</a>. The expedition set sail from Seattle on May 31, 1899, aboard the refitted steamer, the <i>George W. Elder</i>. "[Fernow's] research on the expedition was hampered by the fact that the coastal itinerary never gave him a look at the inland forests. His overview thus limited, he concluded that Alaska would never be a great source of timber: the wood was inferior and the conditions of lumbering too difficult. Some say that history has proven him wrong, but his opinion did have an effect: for a time, it discouraged commercial interests from prospecting for timber in the Alaskan forests."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1902, Fernow founded and became editor-in-chief of the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Forestry" title="Journal of Forestry">Journal of Forestry</a></i>, the pioneering scholarly journal in this field. </p><p>The demonstration forest, near Saranac Lake, in the Adirondacks drew heated opposition from neighboring land owners.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With an annual state appropriation for the college of only $10,000, Cornell entered into a contract with Brooklyn Cooperage Company for the project to be viable. The contract proved to be profitable and beneficial only for the company. Cornell gained insufficient funds to replant the clear-cut areas. A lawsuit was filed, naming the Brooklyn Cooperage Company as defendant with the People of New York State as plaintiff. (See <i><a href="/wiki/People_v._the_Brooklyn_Cooperage_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="People v. the Brooklyn Cooperage Company">People v. the Brooklyn Cooperage Company</a></i>.) </p><p>Although the legislature had adopted the 1903 appropriation without debate,<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Governor <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_B._Odell" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin B. Odell">Benjamin B. Odell</a> made a <a href="/wiki/Pocket_veto" title="Pocket veto">pocket veto</a> of funds for the school. In his statement, Governor Odell said: "The operations of the College of Forestry have been subjected to grave criticism, as they have practically denuded the forest lands of the State without compensating benefits. I deem it wise therefore to withhold approval of this item until a more scientific and more reasonable method is pursued in the forestry of the lands now under the control of Cornell University."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_alumni">Notable alumni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_State_College_of_Forestry_at_Cornell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable alumni of the College included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_C._Bryant" title="Ralph C. Bryant">Ralph C. Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Zon" title="Raphael Zon">Raphael Zon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sacrifice_of_College_of_Forestry_for_the_College_of_Agriculture">Sacrifice of College of Forestry for the College of Agriculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_State_College_of_Forestry_at_Cornell&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sacrifice of College of Forestry for the College of Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dean Bailey and Dean <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Fernow" title="Bernhard Fernow">Bernhard Fernow</a>, of the Forestry College were the best of friends.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (March 2013)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> In fact, on that night in May 1903 when the telegram arrived announcing Governor Odell's veto of the annual appropriation for the College of Forestry, Bailey and Fernow were together at a dance. Despite the bad news, the dance went on. Fernow did not want to let the veto end his school, and he continued to work without a salary. He proposed continuing the school by charging tuition to the students. (During this time, New York State students attended the College tuition-free.) However, Cornell's Board of Trustees and President Schurman (despite Bailey's urgings to the contrary) decided to close the doors of the Forestry College. In June 1903, instruction in the College ceased and the faculty was dismissed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was rumored, and with good reason, that a political bargain took place exchanging the College of Forestry, for the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_College_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State College of Agriculture">New York State College of Agriculture</a> at Cornell University in 1904. To quote Liberty Hyde Bailey, "Last winter at Albany I was confronted by inquiries which indicated that the State would be willing to give to either a College of Forestry or a College of Agriculture, but not to both."<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just as the legislative session of 1904 began in Albany, a most unexpected mishap occurred: at a hearing before the Federal Commission on Agriculture in Washington, the Secretary of Agriculture, James Wilson, attacked Cornell for not teaching "Soil Physics" and took the occasion to revive the old canards about Cornell misusing the riches conferred by the <a href="/wiki/Morrill_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Morrill Act">Morrill Act</a>. He said of Cornell: "They were better endowed than any institution in the land, yet never did anything." Cornell's President <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Gould_Schurman" title="Jacob Gould Schurman">Jacob Gould Schurman</a> demanded a hearing and spoke in Washington with his usual brilliance, refuting the Secretary point by point.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, in Albany, Senator Ed Stewart of Ithaca introduced a bill drafted by <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Hyde_Bailey" title="Liberty Hyde Bailey">Liberty Hyde Bailey</a>, establishing the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell. Leading the opposition was Chancellor <a href="/wiki/James_Roscoe_Day" title="James Roscoe Day">James R. Day</a> of Syracuse University. According to Schurman, "the Chancellor led a pious army, the Methodists of the state. He was an angry man; his words breathe a rancor too hot to be contained by facts." He charged that <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Cornell" title="Ezra Cornell">Ezra Cornell</a> had so "manipulated" the proceeds of the Morrill Act that more than four-fifths were improperly used. He demanded a share in state bounty equal to that accorded Cornell: "Either give to all or not to any!"<sup id="cite_ref-Bishop,_p._367_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bishop,_p._367-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bailey broadcast an immediate refutation, but Chancellor Day had already had his speech published by the Syracuse University Press without change. The Chancellor asked for a hearing before the Assembly's Ways and Means Committee. This request granted, he spoke at the hearing but the chairman and other legislators were insufficiently attentive to him, the Chancellor broke off in a fury and left the room,"before he had adduced a single coherent argument." Dean Bailey, later put up a picture of Chancellor Day, in his office, with the subscription: "Founder of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell."<sup id="cite_ref-Bishop,_p._367_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bishop,_p._367-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The announcement of the final passage and signing of the bill, in Albany, creating the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell was met with bonfires and the pealing of church bells in Ithaca. However, the price for this new state support at Cornell was the sacrifice of the New York State College of Forestry at Cornell.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_State_College_of_Forestry_at_Cornell&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lawsuit, <i>People v. the Brooklyn Cooperage Company</i>, was decided in favor of the People, and again on appeal in 1906,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the case defined forestry in the United States for a generation. The 30,000 acres (120 km<sup>2</sup>) of forest lands were placed under the "forever wild" protection of the <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Forest_Preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Adirondack Forest Preserve">Adirondack Forest Preserve</a>. At the conclusion of the case, constitutional lawyer <a href="/wiki/Louis_Marshall" title="Louis Marshall">Louis Marshall</a> stated, "I hold before me the decision in the case of the People against the Brooklyn Cooperage Company.....the consequence of that was that this 'tremendous' tract of thirty thousand acres was to be cut down 'flat' from one end of it to the other, in order that the scientific foresters might start a new forest which might mature a hundred years from the time that that contract was entered into. This is scientific forestry?".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1907, <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_E._Fernow" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernhard E. Fernow">Bernhard E. Fernow</a> became the first professor of forestry in a four-year baccalaureate degree program at <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Penn State</a>, in State College, after having been the nation's first consulting forester since leaving Cornell and Ithaca in 1903. His office was in New York City. After teaching the 1907 spring semester at Penn State, Dr. Fernow left to become the first head of the Faculty of Forestry at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>. He gave as a reason for leaving Penn State his argument with Dr. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rothrock" title="Joseph Rothrock">Joseph Rothrock</a> that <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_Mont_Alto" title="Penn State Mont Alto">Penn State Mont Alto</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> should not have departed from its role as a "ranger school" to pursue higher aspirations.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rothrock" title="Joseph Rothrock">Joseph Rothrock</a>, an explorer, botanist and medical doctor founded the academy <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_Mont_Alto" title="Penn State Mont Alto">Penn State Mont Alto</a> to train men for service in the state forests. It was one of three forestry schools in the nation in 1903, after Yale and Biltmore, respectively. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornell_Fernow_Hall_September_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fernow Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cornell_Fernow_Hall_September_2008.jpg/220px-Cornell_Fernow_Hall_September_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cornell_Fernow_Hall_September_2008.jpg/330px-Cornell_Fernow_Hall_September_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cornell_Fernow_Hall_September_2008.jpg/440px-Cornell_Fernow_Hall_September_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Fernow Hall on the Cornell Campus</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1910, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Hyde_Bailey" title="Liberty Hyde Bailey">Liberty Hyde Bailey</a>, the Dean of Cornell's Agriculture College, succeeded in having what remained of the Forestry College transferred to his school. At his request, in 1911, the legislature appropriated $100,000 to construct a building to house the new Forestry Department on the Cornell campus, which Cornell later named <a href="/wiki/Fernow_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Fernow Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Fernow Hall</a>. That Forestry Department continues today as the Department of Natural Resources. In 1927, Cornell established a 1,639-acre (6.63 km<sup>2</sup>) research forest south of Ithaca, the Arnot Woods.<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1911, the State Legislature established a <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_College_of_Environmental_Science_and_Forestry" title="State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry">New York State College of Forestry</a> at <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but not without opposition from Cornell University.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1930, the NYS <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Regents" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Regents">Board of Regents</a> questioned the need for duplicate, state-supported forestry programs at Cornell and Syracuse. A formal study resulted in an agreement in 1937 that the Syracuse program would be the only place for professional undergraduate training in forestry. Cornell's Department of Forestry continued with courses in "farm" forestry, to <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperative extension">cooperative extension</a> work in forestry, and to research and graduate education.<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an exchange, <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a> agreed to abandon its School of Agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 2000, SUNY System Administration established ESF's "primacy" among the 64 SUNY campuses and contract colleges for development of new undergraduate degree programs in Environmental Science and Environmental Studies, but ESF does not have a veto power over competing new programs.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forestry_Studies_continue_at_Cornell">Forestry Studies continue at Cornell</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_State_College_of_Forestry_at_Cornell&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Forestry Studies continue at Cornell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forestry continued at Cornell,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Dean <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Hyde_Bailey" title="Liberty Hyde Bailey">Liberty Hyde Bailey</a> adding a Department of Forestry to the <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_College_of_Agriculture_and_Life_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences">New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University</a> in 1910–11. <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mulford" title="Walter Mulford">Walter Mulford</a>, of the University of Michigan, was appointed as department chair.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1914, noted forester <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hosmer" title="Ralph Hosmer">Ralph Hosmer</a>, a 1902 graduate of the <a href="/wiki/Yale_School_of_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale School of Forestry">Yale School of Forestry</a> and contemporary of <a href="/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot" title="Gifford Pinchot">Gifford Pinchot</a>, replaced Mulford as Professor and head of the Department of Forestry at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_College_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State College of Agriculture">New York State College of Agriculture</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, a position he held until his retirement in June 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The world-famous <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Lab_of_Ornithology" title="Cornell Lab of Ornithology">Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a> was the brainchild of Professor <a href="/wiki/Arthur_A._Allen" title="Arthur A. Allen">Arthur A. Allen</a>, beginning in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz_Fuertes" title="Louis Agassiz Fuertes">Louis Agassiz Fuertes</a> (the son of Cornell's first civil engineering professor, <a href="/wiki/Estevan_Antonio_Fuertes" title="Estevan Antonio Fuertes">Estevan Antonio Fuertes</a>), America's most famous painter of bird-life, after <a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon">John James Audubon</a>, taught at Cornell from 1923 until his untimely death in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cornell’s vertebrate museum’s fishes collection is particularly strong with great diversity in North American fishes, and minnows in particular. Beginning in the 1940s and continuing into the 1970s the fish collection was greatly expanded thanks to collections made by renowned Cornell ichthyologist Edward Raney and his students.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cornell <a href="/wiki/Hortorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hortorium">Hortorium</a> founded by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1935, has historically been the major U. S. center for the systematics of cultivated plants.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following in the footsteps of the great <a href="/wiki/Botanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanist">botanist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horticulturist" class="mw-redirect" title="Horticulturist">horticulturist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Hyde_Bailey" title="Liberty Hyde Bailey">Liberty Hyde Bailey</a>, a most extraordinary <a href="/wiki/Plant_physiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant physiologist">plant physiologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Campion_Steward" title="Frederick Campion Steward">Frederick Campion Steward</a>, arrived to teach and conduct research at Cornell University in 1950, as Professor of Botany. From his Cornell classrooms and laboratories, Steward was responsible for creating and inspiring a generation of botanists. </p><p>In 1978, the <a href="/wiki/Boyce_Thompson_Institute_for_Plant_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research">Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research</a> relocated to the Ithaca campus from its original site in Yonkers, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-bti1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bti1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bti_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bti-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, Cornell University owns 11,000 acres (45 km<sup>2</sup>) in its home county of Tompkins, including the 4,000-acre (16 km<sup>2</sup>) "Arnot Forest" for teaching, demonstration, and research;<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Uihlein maple syrup <a href="/wiki/Research_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Research forest">research forest</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York" title="Lake Placid, New York">Lake Placid</a> in the Adirondacks;<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Botanic_Gardens" title="Cornell Botanic Gardens">Cornell Botanic Gardens</a>: 200 acres (0.81 km<sup>2</sup>) on campus, and 4,000 off-campus acres of diverse natural areas;<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Mineral_rights" title="Mineral rights">mineral rights</a> on 420,000 acres (1,700 km<sup>2</sup>) of land across the United States<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1972, Cornell Outdoor Education is one of the largest college-based outdoor programs in the country. The Cornell Tree Climbing Institute is a more recent offshoot, having been founded in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cornell University was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Hubbard_Brook_Experimental_Forest" title="Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest">Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest</a> Research Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 28, 2010, an $80 million gift proportions led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Atkinson_Center_for_a_Sustainable_Future" title="Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future">Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future</a> at Cornell University, to position the university to be a global leader in the effort to create a <a href="/wiki/Sustainable" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable">sustainable</a> future.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_State_College_of_Forestry_at_Cornell&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cornell_University" title="History of Cornell University">History of Cornell University</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People_v._the_Brooklyn_Cooperage_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="People v. the Brooklyn Cooperage Company">People v. the Brooklyn Cooperage Company</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_College_of_Environmental_Science_and_Forestry" title="State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry">State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Andr%C3%A9_Michaux" title="François André Michaux">François André Michaux</a> laid the foundation for <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_forestry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American forestry (page does not exist)">American forestry</a> with his monumental work, <i>The North American Sylva</i> { akin to <a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon">John James Audubon</a> "The Birds of America"}<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> starting in 1811.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_State_College_of_Forestry_at_Cornell&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gifford Pinchot, 1998. <i>Breaking New Ground</i>. Island Press. Washington. 552 p. Reprint. Originally published: New York : Harcourt, Brace, and Co., 1947. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55963-669-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-55963-669-6">1-55963-669-6</a>; and in paperback.</li> <li>Gates, Paul W. <i>The Wisconsin Pine Lands of Cornell University: A Study in Land Policy and Absentee Ownership</i>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1943.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_preta" title="Terra preta">Terra preta</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0906/full/climate.2009.48.html">http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0906/full/climate.2009.48.html</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:New_York_State_College_of_Forestry_at_Cornell" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:New York State College of Forestry at Cornell">New York State College of Forestry at Cornell</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_State_College_of_Forestry_at_Cornell&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/colonelfoxconservationistarticle.pdf">https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/colonelfoxconservationistarticle.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-web.archive.org-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-web.archive.org_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071007112429/http://www.dnr.cornell.edu/mission/history/">"Department of Natural Resources – History"</a>. 2007-10-07. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnr.cornell.edu/mission/history/">the original</a> on 2007-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Department+of+Natural+Resources+%E2%80%93+History&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnr.cornell.edu%2Fmission%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+State+College+of+Forestry+at+Cornell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chapter 122 of the Laws of 1898.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donaldson, Alfred Lee,(1921) A History of the Adirondacks, page 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Angus,Christopher. The extraordinary Adirondack journey of Clarence Petty: wilderness guide, pilot, and conservationist, p. 17, <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_Press" title="Syracuse University Press">Syracuse University Press</a> 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8156-0741-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8156-0741-5">0-8156-0741-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas,Howard. Black River in the North Country, p.89, Prospect Books,1963</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNemiroffBonnell2011" class="citation web cs1">Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (25 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap110725.html">"Milky Way Over Abandoned Kilns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_Picture_of_the_Day" title="Astronomy Picture of the Day">Astronomy Picture of the Day</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+Picture+of+the+Day&rft.atitle=Milky+Way+Over+Abandoned+Kilns&rft.date=2011-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapod.nasa.gov%2Fapod%2Fap110725.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+State+College+of+Forestry+at+Cornell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gove, B. 2005. <i>Logging railroads of the Adirondacks</i>. Syracuse University Press. pp. 176–181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christopher_2002._p_31-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_2002._p_31_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher, Angus. 2002. <i>The Extraordinary Adirondack Journey of Clarence Petty</i>, p 31. Syracuse University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8156-0741-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8156-0741-5">0-8156-0741-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/harriman/1899/1899_part/participantfernow.html">"Harriman: Bernhard Fernow"</a>. PBS. 1923-02-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112153712/http://www.pbs.org/harriman/1899/1899_part/participantfernow.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-11-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harriman%3A+Bernhard+Fernow&rft.pub=PBS&rft.date=1923-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fharriman%2F1899%2F1899_part%2Fparticipantfernow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+State+College+of+Forestry+at+Cornell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDonaldson1921" class="citation book cs1">Donaldson, Alfred Lee (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0L8LAAAAYAAJ&q=Brooklyn+Cooperage+Company%5D&pg=PA203"><i>A history of the Adirondacks, Volume 2</i></a>. Century Co. pp. <span class="nowrap">202–</span>207.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+Adirondacks%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E202-%3C%2Fspan%3E207&rft.pub=Century+Co&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Donaldson&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0L8LAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DBrooklyn%2BCooperage%2BCompany%255D%26pg%3DPA203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+State+College+of+Forestry+at+Cornell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Z. Lincoln, ed. 1910. <i>Messages from the Governors, X</i>. Albany, p.555, as cited in <i>Education & Agriculture, A History of the NYS College of Agriculture at Cornell University</i>, 1963, by Gould P. Colman, p.161, Cornell University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodgers, p. 371.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A05EEDB1339E333A2575BC1A9609C946297D6CF">"CORNELL SCHOOL OF FORESTRY SUSPENDED.; Action Followed Failure of State to Provide Means for Its Support"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. June 18, 1903. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108061222/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A05EEDB1339E333A2575BC1A9609C946297D6CF">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-11-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Colman, page 162, Cornell University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bishop, p. 366.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bishop,_p._367-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bishop,_p._367_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bishop,_p._367_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bishop, p. 367.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colman,p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9905E2D71F3DE633A25750C1A9619C946797D6CF">"Cornell Forestry Case: Appellate Division Decision Against Brooklyn Cooperage Company"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. July 13, 1906. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108061227/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9905E2D71F3DE633A25750C1A9619C946797D6CF">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-11-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cornell+Forestry+Case%3A+Appellate+Division+Decision+Against+Brooklyn+Cooperage+Company&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1906-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9905E2D71F3DE633A25750C1A9619C946797D6CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+State+College+of+Forestry+at+Cornell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Reznikoff, Charles, ed., <i>Louis Marshall: Champion of Liberty. Selected Papers and Addresses</i>. 2 vols. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1957., page 1020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150226102802/http://www.ma.psu.edu/Information/ourhist.htm">"Penn State Mont Alto: Our History"</a>. Ma.psu.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ma.psu.edu/Information/ourhist.htm">the original</a> on 2015-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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May 14, 1913. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111135824/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20B1FFA3B5F13738DDDAD0994DD405B838DF1D3&scp=18&sq=new%20york%20state%20college%20of%20forestry,syracuse&st=cse">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_College_of_Agriculture_and_Life_Sciences_at_Cornell_University" title="New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University">Agriculture and Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_College_of_Architecture,_Art,_and_Planning" title="Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning">Architecture, Art, and Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_College_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences">Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_College_of_Engineering" title="Cornell University College of Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Forestry</a></i> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_School_of_Hotel_Administration" title="Cornell University School of Hotel Administration">Hotel Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_College_of_Human_Ecology_at_Cornell_University" title="New York State College of Human Ecology at Cornell University">Human Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_School_of_Industrial_and_Labor_Relations_at_Cornell_University" title="New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University">Industrial and Labor Relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Curtis_Johnson_Graduate_School_of_Management" title="Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Graduate_School" title="Cornell University Graduate School">Graduate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Law_School" title="Cornell Law School">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medicine" title="Weill Cornell Medicine">Medical</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medical_College_in_Qatar" title="Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Graduate_School_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences">Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tri-Institutional_MD%E2%80%93PhD_Program" title="Tri-Institutional MD–PhD Program">Tri-Institutional</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master%27s_of_Public_Administration_at_Cornell_University" title="Master's of Public Administration at Cornell University">Public Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_College_of_Veterinary_Medicine_at_Cornell_University" title="New York State College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University">Veterinary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Non-student-enrolling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Computing_and_Information_Science" title="Cornell Computing and Information Science">Computing and Information Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akwe-kon_program_house,_Cornell_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Akwe-kon_program_house%2C_Cornell_University.jpg/150px-Akwe-kon_program_house%2C_Cornell_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Akwe-kon_program_house%2C_Cornell_University.jpg/225px-Akwe-kon_program_house%2C_Cornell_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Akwe-kon_program_house%2C_Cornell_University.jpg/300px-Akwe-kon_program_house%2C_Cornell_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red" title="Cornell Big Red"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Athletics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_baseball" title="Cornell Big Red baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men%27s_basketball" title="Cornell Big Red men's basketball">Men's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_women%27s_basketball" title="Cornell Big Red women's basketball">Women's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_football" title="Cornell Big Red football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey">Men's ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Cornell Big Red women's ice hockey">Women's ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men%27s_lacrosse" title="Cornell Big Red men's lacrosse">Men's lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men%27s_soccer" title="Cornell Big Red men's soccer">Men's soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men%27s_squash" title="Cornell Big Red men's squash">Men's squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_wrestling" title="Cornell Big Red wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Hall" title="Barton Hall">Barton Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Berman_Field" title="Charles F. Berman Field">Berman Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoy_Field" title="Hoy Field">Hoy Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trent_Jones_Golf_Course" title="Robert Trent Jones Golf Course">Jones Golf Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynah_Rink" title="Lynah Rink">Lynah Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_Arena" title="Newman Arena">Newman Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoellkopf_Field" title="Schoellkopf Field">Schoellkopf Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Sports_Competition_(Cornell_University)" title="All Sports Competition (Cornell University)">All Sports Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give_My_Regards_to_Davy" title="Give My Regards to Davy">Give My Regards to Davy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell%E2%80%93Harvard_hockey_rivalry" title="Cornell–Harvard hockey rivalry">Harvard (hockey) rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchdown_(mascot)" title="Touchdown (mascot)">Touchdown (mascot)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Campuses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Central_Campus" title="Cornell Central Campus">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_North_Campus" title="Cornell North Campus">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Tech" title="Cornell Tech">Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_West_Campus" title="Cornell West Campus">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornell_University_buildings" title="List of Cornell University buildings"><span style="color:white">Buildings</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dickson_White_House" title="Andrew Dickson White House">A.D. White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Botanic_Gardens" title="Cornell Botanic Gardens">Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_F._Johnson_Museum_of_Art" title="Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art">Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailey_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Bailey Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Bailey Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balch_Hall" title="Balch Hall">Balch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_Hall" title="Barnes Hall">Barnes Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Botanic_Gardens" title="Cornell Botanic Gardens">Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradfield_Hall" title="Bradfield Hall">Bradfield Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilder_Brain_Collection" title="Wilder Brain Collection">Brain Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Caldwell Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Caldwell Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Center_for_Advanced_Computing" title="Cornell University Center for Advanced Computing">Center for Advanced Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computing_and_Communications_Center,_Cornell_University" title="Computing and Communications Center, Cornell University">Computing and Communications Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comstock_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Comstock Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Comstock Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Dairy" title="Cornell Dairy">Dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deke_House_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Deke House (Ithaca, New York)">Deke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernow_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Fernow Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Fernow Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuertes_Observatory" title="Fuertes Observatory">Fuertes Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldwin_Smith_Hall" title="Goldwin Smith Hall">Goldwin Smith Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Library" title="Cornell University Library">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llenroc" title="Llenroc">Llenroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartung%E2%80%93Boothroyd_Observatory" title="Hartung–Boothroyd Observatory">Hartung–Boothroyd Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGraw_Tower" title="McGraw Tower">McGraw Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrill_Hall_(Cornell_University)" title="Morrill Hall (Cornell University)">Morrill Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_Library_at_Cornell_University" title="Olin Library at Cornell University">Olin Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Lab_of_Ornithology" title="Cornell Lab of Ornithology">Ornithology Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Rice Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Rice Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risley_Residential_College" title="Risley Residential College">Risley Residential College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_Chapel" title="Sage Chapel">Sage Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_Hall" title="Sage Hall">Sage Hall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Ezra_Cornell" title="Statue of Ezra Cornell">Statue of Ezra Cornell</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stimson_Hall" title="Stimson Hall">Stimson Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Laboratory_for_Accelerator-based_Sciences_and_Education" title="Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education">Synchrotron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telluride_House" title="Telluride House">Telluride House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyce_Thompson_Institute" title="Boyce Thompson Institute">Thompson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uris_Library" title="Uris Library">Uris Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Straight_Hall" title="Willard Straight Hall">Straight Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cornell_University" title="History of Cornell University"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Cornell" title="Ezra Cornell">Ezra Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Sage" title="Henry W. Sage">Henry W. Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dickson_White" title="Andrew Dickson White">Andrew Dickson White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Former buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Stone Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Stone Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Roberts Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Roberts Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Roberts_Hall" title="East Roberts Hall">East Roberts Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_gorge_suicides" title="Cornell gorge suicides">Cornell gorge suicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Literary_Society_(Cornell_University)" title="Irving Literary Society (Cornell University)">Irving Literary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrill_Land-Grant_Acts" title="Morrill Land-Grant Acts">Morrill Land-Grant Acts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cornelliana" title="Cornelliana"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Cornelliana</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Chimes" title="Cornell Chimes">Chimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Club_of_New_York" title="Cornell Club of New York">Club of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Day" title="Dragon Day">Dragon Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Above_Cayuga%27s_Waters" title="Far Above Cayuga's Waters">Far Above Cayuga's Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slope_Day" title="Slope Day">Slope Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornell_University_songs" title="List of Cornell University songs">Songs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornell_University_alumni" title="List of Cornell University alumni">Alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornell_University_faculty" title="List of Cornell University faculty">Faculty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Cornell_University" title="List of presidents of Cornell University">Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Board_of_Trustees" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornell University Board of Trustees">Trustees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Science_Quarterly" title="Administrative Science Quarterly">Administrative Science Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Chronicle" title="Cornell Chronicle">Cornell Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cornell_Lunatic" title="The Cornell Lunatic">Cornell Lunatic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Policy_Review" title="Cornell Policy Review">Cornell Policy Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cornell_Review" title="The Cornell Review">Cornell Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cornell_Daily_Sun" title="The Cornell Daily Sun">Daily Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diacritics_(journal)" title="Diacritics (journal)">Diacritics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(American_magazine)" title="Epoch (American magazine)">Epoch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Labor_Relations_Review" title="Industrial and Labor Relations Review">ILR Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_International_Affairs_Review" title="Cornell International Affairs Review">International Affairs Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_International_Law_Journal" title="Cornell International Law Journal">International Law Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Empirical_Legal_Studies" title="Journal of Empirical Legal Studies">Journal of Empirical Legal Studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Journal_of_Law_and_Public_Policy" title="Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy">Journal of Law and Public Policy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Law_Review" title="Cornell Law Review">Law Review</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Information_Institute" title="Legal Information Institute">Legal Information Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oyez_Project" title="Oyez Project">Oyez Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_German_Critique" title="New German Critique">New German Critique</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philosophical_Review" title="The Philosophical Review">Philosophical Review</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Catholic_Community" title="Cornell Catholic Community">Catholic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Chorus" title="Cornell University Chorus">Chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornell_University_fraternities_and_sororities" title="List of Cornell University fraternities and sororities">Fraternities and sororities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleph_Samach" title="Aleph Samach">Aleph Samach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quill_and_Dagger" title="Quill and Dagger">Quill and Dagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx_Head" title="Sphinx Head">Sphinx Head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Glee_Club" title="Cornell University Glee Club">Glee Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Ezra_Cornell" title="Hotel Ezra Cornell">Hotel Ezra Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_Marching_Band" title="Cornell Big Red Marching Band">Marching Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_Lectures" title="Messenger Lectures">Messenger Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_Pep_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornell Big Red Pep Band">Pep Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVBR-FM" title="WVBR-FM">WVBR-FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cornell_University" title="Category:Cornell University"><span style="color:white">Category</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style 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