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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Columbian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pre-Columbian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Columbian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_exploration_and_colonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_exploration_and_colonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 European exploration and colonization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_exploration_and_colonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Borders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Borders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Topography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Flora and fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protected_lands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protected_lands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Protected lands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protected_lands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities_and_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_and_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Cities and towns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities_and_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Race and ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 English </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_American_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_American_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Native American languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_American_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3 Other languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incarceration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incarceration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Incarceration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incarceration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Gender issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oil,_gas,_and_coal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil,_gas,_and_coal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Oil, gas, and coal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil,_gas,_and_coal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Nuclear power </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wind_generation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wind_generation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Wind generation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wind_generation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-English_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-English_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Non-English education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-English_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Festivals and events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_professional_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_professional_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1 Current professional teams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_professional_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Health </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Health subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Life_expectancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_expectancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Life expectancy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_expectancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_of_Covid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_of_Covid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Impact of Covid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_of_Covid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Law and government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Law_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Law and government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Law_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 State government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 National politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 State symbols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.1 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.2 Tourism and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.3 Culture and history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maps_and_demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maps_and_demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.4 Maps and demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maps_and_demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Oklahoma</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 188 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-188" aria-hidden="true" > 188 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%8B%E1%88%86%E1%88%9B" title="ኦክላሆማ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦክላሆማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oclahoma" title="Oclahoma – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Oclahoma" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="أوكلاهوما – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوكلاهوما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%98%DC%9F%DC%A0%DC%90%DC%97%DC%98%DC%A1%DC%90" title="ܐܘܟܠܐܗܘܡܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܘܟܠܐܗܘܡܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_suyu" title="Oklahoma suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Oklahoma suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="اوکلاهوما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوکلاهوما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%95%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="ওক‌লাহোমা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওক‌লাহোমা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аклахома – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аклахома" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аклагома – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аклагома" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="ओक्लाहोमा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ओक्लाहोमा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="أوكلاهوما – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أوكلاهوما" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halgai_H%C3%B3teel_Hahoodzo" title="Halgai Hóteel Hahoodzo – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Halgai Hóteel Hahoodzo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Οκλαχόμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οκλαχόμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahomo" title="Oklahomo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oklahomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7" title="اکلاهما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکلاهما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%93%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE" title="ઓક્લાહોમા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઓક્લાહોમા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍉𐌺𐌻𐌰𐌷𐍉𐌼𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍉𐌺𐌻𐌰𐌷𐍉𐌼𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%98%B8%EB%A7%88%EC%A3%BC" title="오클라호마주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오클라호마주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBOkalahoma" title="ʻOkalahoma – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻOkalahoma" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%AF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Օկլահոմա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օկլահոմա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="ओक्लाहोमा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओक्लाहोमा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="ওকলাহোমা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ওকলাহোমা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%86%E1%91%B3%E1%93%9B%E1%93%B2%E1%92%AB" title="ᐆᑳᓛᓲᒫ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐆᑳᓛᓲᒫ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="Оклахомæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Оклахомæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94" title="אוקלהומה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוקלהומה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahomaa" title="Oklahomaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Oklahomaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AE" title="ಒಕ್ಲಹೋಮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಒಕ್ಲಹೋಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ოკლაჰომა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოკლაჰომა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklawoma" title="Oklawoma – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Oklawoma" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2" title="ໂອກລາໂຮມາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂອກລາໂຮມາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oclahoma" title="Oclahoma – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oclahoma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="ओक्लाहोमा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ओक्लाहोमा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE" title="ഒക്‌ലഹോമ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒക്‌ലഹോമ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okarahoma" title="Okarahoma – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Okarahoma" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="ओक्लाहोमा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओक्लाहोमा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ოკლაჰომა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოკლაჰომა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="اوكلاهوما – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوكلاهوما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="اوکلاهاما – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اوکلاهاما" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯑꯣꯛꯂꯥꯍꯣꯃꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯣꯛꯂꯥꯍꯣꯃꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A5%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဥက္ကလာဟိုးမားပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဥက္ကလာဟိုးမားပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="ओक्लाहोमा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ओक्लाहोमा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="ओक्लाहोमा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ओक्लाहोमा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9B%E3%83%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="オクラホマ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オクラホマ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklaxoma" title="Oklaxoma – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oklaxoma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਓਕਲਾਹੋਮਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਓਕਲਾਹੋਮਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="ओक्लाहोमा – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ओक्लाहोमा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="اوکلاہوما – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوکلاہوما" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="اوکلاهوما – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوکلاهوما" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_suyu" title="Oklahoma suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Oklahoma suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0h%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклаhома – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Оклаhома" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="ओक्‍लाहोमा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ओक्‍लाहोमा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="اوڪلاهوما – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اوڪلاهوما" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoklah%C5%AFma" title="Uoklahůma – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Uoklahůma" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%BE%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ئۆکلاھۆما – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆکلاھۆما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE" title="ஓக்லகோமா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓக்லகோமா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Оклахома (штат) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Оклахома (штат)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐโอคลาโฮมา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐโอคลาโฮมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклаҳома – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Оклаҳома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A3%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B3%E1%8E%B0%E1%8E%B9" title="ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%C3%A9v%C8%A7hetan%C3%A9no" title="Heévȧhetanéno – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Heévȧhetanéno" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Оклахома – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оклахома" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="اوکلاہوما – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوکلاہوما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89" title="ئوكلاخوما شىتاتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئوكلاخوما شىتاتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loklahom%C3%A4n" title="Loklahomän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Loklahomän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E8%8D%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="俄克拉荷馬州 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄克拉荷馬州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E8%8D%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="俄克拉荷马州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄克拉荷马州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A2" title="אקלעהאמע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אקלעהאמע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E4%BD%95%E9%A6%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="奧克拉何馬州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧克拉何馬州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Oklahoma" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oklahoma&params=35_N_98_W_dim:300000_region:US-OK_type:adm1st&title=State+of+Oklahoma">35°N 98°W / 35°N 98°W / 35; -98 (State of Oklahoma)</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. state</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Oklahoma (disambiguation)">Oklahoma (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Oklahoman" redirects here. For the newspaper, see <a href="/wiki/The_Oklahoman" title="The Oklahoman">The Oklahoman</a>. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/The_Oklahoman_(film)" title="The Oklahoman (film)">The Oklahoman (film)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Oklahoma</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Oklahumma (<a href="/wiki/Choctaw_language" title="Choctaw language">Choctaw</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Oklahoma"><img alt="Flag of Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/125px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/188px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/250px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Oklahoma" title="Flag of Oklahoma">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Oklahoma"><img alt="Official seal of Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg/99px-Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg/149px-Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg/199px-Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="966" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Seal of Oklahoma">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nicknames</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Native America (official)</li><li>Land of the Red Man</li><li>Sooner State</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Labor_omnia_vincit" title="Labor omnia vincit">Labor omnia vincit</a> (English: Work conquers all)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">Anthem:</a> "<a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_(Rodgers_and_Hammerstein_song)" title="Oklahoma (Rodgers and Hammerstein song)">Oklahoma</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Hills" title="Oklahoma Hills">Oklahoma Hills</a>"</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Oklahoma_in_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Oklahoma within the United States"><img alt="Map of the United States with Oklahoma highlighted in red" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Oklahoma_in_United_States.svg/300px-Oklahoma_in_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Oklahoma_in_United_States.svg/450px-Oklahoma_in_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Oklahoma_in_United_States.svg/600px-Oklahoma_in_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Oklahoma within the United States</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> (Independent, 1834–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Oklahoma Territory</a> (U.S. jurisdiction, 1890–1907)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">November 16, 1907; 117 years ago (1907-11-16) (46th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">and largest city</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_populous_counties_by_U.S._state" title="List of the most populous counties by U.S. state">Largest county or equivalent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_County,_Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma County, Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Largest metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban</a> areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_metropolitan_area" title="Oklahoma City metropolitan area">Greater Oklahoma City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Oklahoma" title="Governor of Oklahoma">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Stitt" title="Kevin Stitt">Kevin Stitt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Oklahoma" title="Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma">Lieutenant Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Pinnell" title="Matt Pinnell">Matt Pinnell</a> (R)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Legislature" title="Oklahoma Legislature">Oklahoma Legislature</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Senate" title="Oklahoma Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_House_of_Representatives" title="Oklahoma House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Supreme_Court" title="Oklahoma Supreme Court">Oklahoma Supreme Court</a> (civil) <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals">Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals</a> (criminal)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Oklahoma" title="List of United States senators from Oklahoma">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Lankford" title="James Lankford">James Lankford</a> (R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin" title="Markwayne Mullin">Markwayne Mullin</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Oklahoma" title="List of United States representatives from Oklahoma">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5 Republicans (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Oklahoma" title="United States congressional delegations from Oklahoma">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">69,699 sq mi (180,519 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">68,595 sq mi (177,660 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">1,304 sq mi (3,377 km2)  1.9%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">20th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">468 mi (756 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">230 mi (370 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,300 ft (400 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Black_Mesa_(Oklahoma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Mesa (Oklahoma)">Black Mesa</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-2">[a]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,975 ft (1,516 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Little_River_(Red_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Little River (Red River)">Little River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> border<a href="#cite_note-USGS-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-2">[a]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">289 ft (88 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2024)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 4,095,393<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">28th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">55.20/sq mi (21.30/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">34th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$62,100 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income#States_and_territories_ranked_by_median_household_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">43rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oklahoman; <a href="/wiki/Okie" title="Okie">Okie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colloquialism" title="Colloquialism">colloq.</a>, historically <a href="/wiki/Derogatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Derogatory">derogatory</a>); <a href="/wiki/Sooners" title="Sooners">Sooner</a> (historically)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Choctaw_language" title="Choctaw language">Choctaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-official-6">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-constitution-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-CARLA-8">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">entire state (legally)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kenton,_Oklahoma" title="Kenton, Oklahoma">Kenton</a> (informally)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9207:00" title="UTC−07:00">UTC−07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">Mountain</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Daylight Time">MDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">OK</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-OK</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">Traditional abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Okla.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data">33°37' N to 37° N</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">94° 26' W to 103° W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oklahoma.gov">oklahoma.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Oklahoma (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c9\/En-us-Oklahoma.ogg\/En-us-Oklahoma.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Oklahoma.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-us-Oklahoma.ogg/En-us-Oklahoma.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Oklahoma.ogg" title="File:En-us-Oklahoma.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">OHK-lə-HOH-mə</a>;<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Choctaw_language" title="Choctaw language">Choctaw</a>: Oklahumma, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[oklahómma]</a>)<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> is a landlocked <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Central_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="South Central United States">South Central</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-regdiv-11">[9]</a> It borders <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> to the south and west, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> to the northwest. Partially in the western extreme of the <a href="/wiki/Upland_South" title="Upland South">Upland South</a>, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">20th-most extensive</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">28th-most populous</a> of the 50 United States. Its residents are known as Oklahomans and its capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>. The state's name is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Choctaw_language" title="Choctaw language">Choctaw</a> words <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/okla#Choctaw" class="extiw" title="wikt:okla">okla</a>, 'people' and humma, which translates as 'red'.<a href="#cite_note-cno-12">[10]</a> Oklahoma is also known informally by its <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">nickname</a>, "The Sooner State", in reference to the <a href="/wiki/Sooners" title="Sooners">Sooners</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_pioneer" title="American pioneer">American settlers</a> who staked their claims in formerly American Indian-owned lands until the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Appropriations_Act#1889_Act" title="Indian Appropriations Act">Indian Appropriations Act of 1889</a> authorized the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rush_of_1889" title="Land Rush of 1889">Land Rush of 1889</a> opening the land to settlement. With ancient mountain ranges, prairie, <a href="/wiki/Mesa" title="Mesa">mesas</a>, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers" title="Cross Timbers">Cross Timbers</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Interior_Highlands" title="U.S. Interior Highlands">U.S. Interior Highlands</a>, all regions prone to severe weather.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma_Terrain-13">[11]</a> Oklahoma is at a confluence of three major American <a href="/wiki/Cultural_area" title="Cultural area">cultural regions</a>. Historically, it served as a government-sanctioned <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territory</a> for American Indians moved from east of the Mississippi River, a route for cattle drives from Texas and related regions, and a destination for Southern settlers. There are currently 26 <a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_languages_of_Oklahoma" title="Category:Indigenous languages of Oklahoma">Indigenous languages spoken in Oklahoma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-languages-14">[12]</a> According to the 2020 U.S. census, 14.2 percent of Oklahomans identify as <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Americans of the United States">American Indians</a>, the highest indigenous population by percentage in any state.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> A major producer of natural gas, oil, and agricultural products, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma's_Economy_1-16">[14]</a> Oklahoma City and <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a> serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical areas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-metros-17">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> The name Oklahoma comes from the <a href="/wiki/Choctaw_language" title="Choctaw language">Choctaw language</a> phrase okla, 'people', and humma, translated as 'red'.<a href="#cite_note-cno-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> Choctaw Nation Chief <a href="/wiki/Allen_Wright" title="Allen Wright">Allen Wright</a> suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal US government</a> on the use of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>. He envisioned an <a href="/wiki/Indian_barrier_state" title="Indian barrier state">all exclusive American Indian state</a> controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">United States bureau of Indian Affairs</a>. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Oklahoma Territory</a>, and it was officially approved in 1890, two years after that area was opened to <a href="/wiki/American_pioneer" title="American pioneer">American settlers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma's_Name-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Oklahoma" title="History of Oklahoma">History of Oklahoma</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Columbian">Pre-Columbian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-Columbian">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">Indigenous peoples</a> were present in what is now Oklahoma by the <a href="/wiki/Quaternary_glaciation" title="Quaternary glaciation">last ice age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> Ancestors of the <a href="/wiki/Wichita_people" title="Wichita people">Wichita and Affiliated Tribes</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Teyas_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Teyas Indians">Teyas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Escanjaque_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Escanjaque Indians">Escanjaques</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tawakoni" title="Tawakoni">Tawakoni</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tonkawa" title="Tonkawa">Tonkawa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caddo" title="Caddo">Caddo</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Kichai_people" title="Kichai people">Kichai</a>) lived in what is now Oklahoma. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Plains_villagers" title="Southern Plains villagers">Southern Plains villagers</a> lived in the central and west of the state, with a subgroup, the <a href="/wiki/Panhandle_culture" title="Panhandle culture">Panhandle culture</a> people, living in the panhandle region. <a href="/wiki/Caddoan_Mississippian_culture" title="Caddoan Mississippian culture">Caddoan Mississippian culture</a> peoples lived in the eastern part of the state. <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Mounds" title="Spiro Mounds">Spiro Mounds</a>, in what is now <a href="/wiki/Spiro,_Oklahoma" title="Spiro, Oklahoma">Spiro, Oklahoma</a>, was a major <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a> mound complex that flourished between AD 850 and 1450.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Plains_Apache" title="Plains Apache">Plains Apache</a> people settled in the Southern Plains and in Oklahoma between 1300 and 1500.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_exploration_and_colonization">European exploration and colonization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: European exploration and colonization">edit</a>]</div> The expedition of Spaniard <a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Coronado" title="Francisco Vázquez de Coronado">Francisco Vázquez de Coronado</a> traveled through the area in 1541,<a href="#cite_note-OK_History-27">[25]</a> but French explorers claimed the area in the early 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> By the 18th century, Comanche and Kiowa entered the region from the west and Quapaw and Osage peoples moved into what is now eastern Oklahoma. French colonists claimed the region until 1803, when all the French territory west of the Mississippi River was acquired by the United States in the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OK_History-27">[25]</a> The territory was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Territory" title="Arkansas Territory">Arkansas Territory</a> from 1819 until 1828.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> During the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. federal government</a> forcibly removed tens of thousands of American Indians from their ancestral homelands from across North America and transported them to the area including and surrounding present-day Oklahoma. The Choctaw was the first of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Civilized_Tribes" title="Five Civilized Tribes">Five Civilized Tribes</a> to be removed from the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern United States</a>. The phrase "<a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a>" originated from a description of the removal of the <a href="/wiki/Choctaw" title="Choctaw">Choctaw</a> Nation in 1831, although the term is usually used for the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a> removal.<a href="#cite_note-len_green-30">[28]</a> Seventeen thousand Cherokees and 2,000 of their black slaves were deported.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> The area, already occupied by <a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation" title="Osage Nation">Osage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quapaw" title="Quapaw">Quapaw</a> tribes, was called for the <a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Nation_of_Oklahoma" title="Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma">Choctaw Nation</a> until revised Native American and then later American policy redefined the boundaries to include other Native Americans. By 1890, more than 30 Native American nations and tribes had been concentrated on land within <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> or "Indian Country".<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> All Five Civilized Tribes signed treaties with the Confederate military during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_(1794%E2%80%931907)" title="Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)">Cherokee Nation</a> had an internal civil war.<a href="#cite_note-Native_American_Participation_Numbers-34">[32]</a> Slavery in Indian Territory was not abolished until 1866.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> In the period between 1866 and 1899,<a href="#cite_note-OK_History-27">[25]</a> cattle ranches in Texas strove to meet the demands for food in eastern cities and railroads in Kansas promised to deliver in a timely manner. <a href="/wiki/Cattle_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle drive">Cattle trails</a> and cattle ranches developed as <a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">cowboys</a> either drove their product north or settled illegally in Indian Territory.<a href="#cite_note-OK_History-27">[25]</a> In 1881, four of five major cattle trails on the western frontier traveled through Indian Territory.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Indian_Reservations_in_Oklahoma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Former_Indian_Reservations_in_Oklahoma.jpg/250px-Former_Indian_Reservations_in_Oklahoma.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Former_Indian_Reservations_in_Oklahoma.jpg/375px-Former_Indian_Reservations_in_Oklahoma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Former_Indian_Reservations_in_Oklahoma.jpg/500px-Former_Indian_Reservations_in_Oklahoma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="726" /></a><figcaption>Indian reservations in Oklahoma prior to the Dawes Act of 1887.</figcaption></figure> Increased presence of white settlers in Indian Territory and their demand for land owned and guaranteed to Indian tribes by treaties with the U.S. government prompted the United States to enact the <a href="/wiki/Dawes_Act" title="Dawes Act">Dawes Act</a> in 1887 and the <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Act_of_1898" title="Curtis Act of 1898">Curtis Act of 1898</a>. The acts abolished tribal governments, eliminated tribal ownership of land, and allotted 160 acres (65 ha) of land to each head of an Indian family. An objective of the acts was the forced assimilation of Indians into white society. Land not allotted to individual Indians was owned by the U.S. government and sold or distributed to settlers and railroads. The proceeds of the land sales were used to educate Indian children and advance the policy of assimilation. As a result of the two acts about one-half of land previously owned by Indian tribes was owned by whites by 1900.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> Moreover, much of the land allotted to individual Indian heads of families became white-owned. Allottees often sold or were fraudulently deprived of their land.<a href="#cite_note-Case-38">[36]</a> The acquisition of tribal lands by the U.S. government led to <a href="/wiki/Land_runs" class="mw-redirect" title="Land runs">land runs</a>, also called "land rushes," from 1887 and 1895. Major land runs, including the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rush_of_1889" title="Land Rush of 1889">Land Rush of 1889</a>, opened up millions of acres of formerly tribal lands to white settlement. The "rushes" began at a precise times as each prospective settler literally raced with other prospective settlers to claim ownership of 160 acres (65 ha) of land under the <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Act_of_1862" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead Act of 1862">Homestead Act of 1862</a>. Usually land was claimed by settlers on a first come, first served basis.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> Those who broke the rules by crossing the border into the territory before the official opening time were said to have been crossing the border sooner, leading to the term <a href="/wiki/Sooners" title="Sooners">sooners</a>, which eventually became the state's official nickname.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Steele" title="George Washington Steele">George Washington Steele</a> was appointed the first governor of the territory of Oklahoma in 1890. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Organic_act#List_of_organic_acts" title="Organic act">Organic act § List of organic acts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Oklahoma Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">Admission to the Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequoyah_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sequoyah_map.jpg/220px-Sequoyah_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sequoyah_map.jpg/330px-Sequoyah_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sequoyah_map.jpg/440px-Sequoyah_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4390" data-file-height="4820" /></a><figcaption>A proposed map of the 'State of Sequoyah' compiled from the USGS Map of Indian Territory (1902)</figcaption></figure> Attempts to create an all-Indian state named Oklahoma and a later attempt to create an all-Indian state named <a href="/wiki/State_of_Sequoyah" title="State of Sequoyah">Sequoyah</a> failed but the Sequoyah Statehood Convention of 1905 eventually laid the groundwork for the Oklahoma Statehood Convention, which took place two years later.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> On June 16, 1906, Congress enacted <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Enabling_Act" title="Oklahoma Enabling Act">a statute authorizing the people of the Oklahoma and Indian Territories</a> (as well what would become the states of <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>) to form a constitution and state government in order to be admitted as a state.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> On November 16, 1907, President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> issued <a href="/wiki/Presidential_proclamation_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential proclamation (United States)">Presidential Proclamation</a> no. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Proclamation_780" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Proclamation 780">780</a>, establishing Oklahoma as the 46th state in the Union.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> The new state became a focal point for the emerging <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">oil industry</a>, as discoveries of oil pools prompted towns to grow rapidly in population and wealth. Tulsa eventually became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Oil_Capital_of_the_World" title="Oil Capital of the World">Oil Capital of the World</a>" for most of the 20th century and oil investments fueled much of the state's early economy.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> In 1927, Oklahoman businessman <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Avery" title="Cyrus Avery">Cyrus Avery</a>, known as the "Father of Route 66", began the campaign to create <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66" title="U.S. Route 66">U.S. Route 66</a>. Using a stretch of highway from <a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo, Texas</a> to Tulsa, Oklahoma to form the original portion of Highway 66, Avery spearheaded the creation of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_66_Association" title="U.S. Highway 66 Association">U.S. Highway 66 Association</a> to oversee the planning of Route 66, based in his hometown of Tulsa.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> In late September 1918, the first cases of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a> appeared in Oklahoma. Though public health authorities statewide had some indication that the pandemic was westward, the turmoil caused by the rapid advancement of the disease quickly overwhelmed both health workers and local governing bodies. In Oklahoma City, shortages of both supplies and personnel were mitigated, in part, by the mobilization of the American Red Cross. Rough estimates based on contemporary reports indicate that approximately 100,000 people fell ill with the disease before the pandemic ebbed in 1919. Of those 100,000 cases, it is assumed that around 7,500 proved fatal, placing total mortality rates for the state in the area of 7.5%.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> Oklahoma also has a rich <a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oklahoma" title="African Americans in Oklahoma">African-American history</a>. Many Black towns, founded by the Freedmen of the Five Tribes during Reconstruction, thrived in the early 20th century with the arrival of Black <a href="/wiki/Exodusters" title="Exodusters">Exodusters</a> who migrated from neighboring states, especially Kansas. The politician <a href="/wiki/Edward_P._McCabe" title="Edward P. McCabe">Edward P. McCabe</a> encouraged Black settlers to come to what was then Indian Territory. McCabe discussed with President Theodore Roosevelt the possibility of making Oklahoma a majority-Black state.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> By the early 20th century, the <a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_Tulsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood, Tulsa">Greenwood</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a> was one of the most prosperous African-American communities in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> had established <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> since before the start of the 20th century, but Tulsa's Black residents had created a thriving area.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-51">[49]</a> Social tensions were exacerbated by the revival of the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> after 1915. The <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa race massacre</a> broke out in 1921, with White mobs attacking Black people and carrying out a <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogrom</a> in Greenwood. In one of the costliest episodes of <a href="/wiki/Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States" title="Mass racial violence in the United States">racist violence in American history</a>, sixteen hours of rioting resulted in the destruction of 35 city blocks, $1.8 million in property damage, and an estimated death toll of between 75 and 300 people.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> By the late 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan had declined to negligible influence within the state.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg/220px-Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg/330px-Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg/440px-Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7284" data-file-height="7120" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl">Dust Bowl</a> sent thousands of farmers into poverty during the 1930s.</figcaption></figure> During the 1930s, parts of the state began to suffer from the consequences of poor farming practices. This period was known as the <a href="/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl">Dust Bowl</a>, throughout which areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, and <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Oklahoma" title="Northwestern Oklahoma">northwestern Oklahoma</a> were hampered by long periods of little rainfall, strong winds, abnormally high temperatures, and most notably, severe <a href="/wiki/Dust_storm" title="Dust storm">dust storms</a> sending thousands of farmers into poverty and forcing them to relocate to more fertile areas of the western United States.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent as impoverished families migrated out of the state after the Dust Bowl. <a href="/wiki/Soil_conservation" title="Soil conservation">Soil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_conservation" title="Water conservation">water conservation</a> projects markedly changed practices in the state, leading to the construction of massive flood control systems and dams to supply water for domestic needs and agricultural irrigation.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma_Terrain-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> As of 2024, Oklahoma had more than 4,700 dams, about 20% of all dams in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Murrah_Building_-_Aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Murrah_Building_-_Aerial.jpg/220px-Murrah_Building_-_Aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Murrah_Building_-_Aerial.jpg/330px-Murrah_Building_-_Aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Murrah_Building_-_Aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>The bombing of the <a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Murrah_Federal_Building" title="Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building">Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building</a> in Oklahoma City was one of the deadliest acts of terrorism in American history.</figcaption></figure> In 1995, Oklahoma City was the site of the most destructive act of domestic terrorism in American history. The <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing" title="Oklahoma City bombing">Oklahoma City bombing</a> of April 19, 1995, in which <a href="/wiki/Timothy_McVeigh" title="Timothy McVeigh">Timothy McVeigh</a> detonated a large, crude explosive device outside the <a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Murrah_Federal_Building" title="Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building">Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building</a>, killed 168 people, including 19 children. For his crime, McVeigh was executed by the federal government on June 11, 2001. His accomplice, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Nichols" title="Terry Nichols">Terry Nichols</a>, is serving life in prison without parole for helping plan the attack and prepare the explosive.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> On May 31, 2016, several cities experienced <a href="/wiki/May_2016_North_American_storm_complex" title="May 2016 North American storm complex">record setting flooding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boundaries_of_the_Five_Tribes_in_1866.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Boundaries_of_the_Five_Tribes_in_1866.svg/220px-Boundaries_of_the_Five_Tribes_in_1866.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Boundaries_of_the_Five_Tribes_in_1866.svg/330px-Boundaries_of_the_Five_Tribes_in_1866.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Boundaries_of_the_Five_Tribes_in_1866.svg/440px-Boundaries_of_the_Five_Tribes_in_1866.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>The former reservations of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Civilized_Tribes" title="Five Civilized Tribes">Five Civilized Tribes</a> in dispute in <a href="/wiki/McGirt_v._Oklahoma" title="McGirt v. Oklahoma">McGirt v. Oklahoma</a></figcaption></figure> On July 9, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> determined in <a href="/wiki/McGirt_v._Oklahoma" title="McGirt v. Oklahoma">McGirt v. Oklahoma</a> that the reservations of the Five Tribes, comprising much of Eastern Oklahoma, were never disestablished by Congress and thus are still "Indian Country" for the purposes of criminal law.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> Later decisions by the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals also found the Quapaw Nation,<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> Ottawa Tribe, Peoria Tribe, and Miami Tribe<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> also had existing reservations. The Osage Nation is awaiting for a possible appellate decision after a district judge had ruled that the Osage reservation was disestablished.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Oklahoma" title="Geography of Oklahoma">Geography of Oklahoma</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oklahoma_tri-points" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Oklahoma tri-points">List of Oklahoma tri-points</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oklahoma_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Oklahoma_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/300px-Oklahoma_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Oklahoma_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/450px-Oklahoma_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Oklahoma_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/600px-Oklahoma_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>Köppen climate types of Oklahoma</figcaption></figure> Oklahoma is the 20th-largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,895 square miles (181,030 km2), with 68,591 square miles (177,650 km2) of land and 1,304 square miles (3,380 km2) of water.<a href="#cite_note-2010census-64">[62]</a> It lies partly in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> near the geographical center of the 48 <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous states</a>. It is bordered on the east by <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, on the north by <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, on the northwest by <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, on the far west by <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, and on the south and near-west by <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Borders">Borders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Borders">edit</a>]</div> Oklahoma's border with Kansas was defined as the 37th Parallel in the 1854 <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas-Nebraska Act</a>. This was disputed with the Cherokee and Osage Nations, which claimed their border extended North of this line and could not be part of the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory" title="Kansas Territory">Kansas Territory</a>. This was resolved in 1870 with the <a href="/wiki/Drum_Creek_Treaty" title="Drum Creek Treaty">Drum Creek Treaty</a>, which reestablished Kansas's southern border as the 37th parallel. This also applied to the then No-Man's Land that became the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Panhandle">Oklahoma Panhandle</a>. The Oklahoma-Texas border consists of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red River of the South</a> in the south and the 100th meridian west as the western border between Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle. These were first established in the 1819 <a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a> between the United States and Spain. The Oklahoma panhandle was originally part of the Panhandle of the Republic of Texas, but when Texas joined the Union as a slave state, it could not retain any lands north of 36 degrees 30 minutes, as specified in the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a>. The Panhandle existed as a no-man's land until 1907 when Oklahoma acquired the territory upon gaining statehood. Oklahoma's Eastern border is divided between Missouri and Arkansas. The Missouri-Oklahoma border is defined as the Meridian passing through the Kawsmouth,<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> where the Kansas River meets the Missouri River. This is the same Meridian as the Kansas-Missouri border. The Oklahoma-Arkansas border was originally defined by two lines: the borders between Arkansas and the Cherokee and Choctaw Reservations. This formed two diagonal lines meeting at the western edge of Fort Smith Arkansas, with one line running northeast from the Red River and the other running southeast from the Oklahoma-Arkansas-Missouri border. The Choctaw-Arkansas border was established in the 1820 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Doak%27s_Stand" title="Treaty of Doak's Stand">Treaty of Doak's Sand</a>, and later refined in the 1830 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Dancing_Rabbit_Creek" title="Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek">Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek</a>. These treaties left a 57-acre <a href="/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave" title="Enclave and exclave">exclave</a> of the Choctaw reservation bounded by Arkansas, the Arkansas River and the Poteau River. This became the site of a smuggling camp called "Coke Hill", noted mostly for its importance in cocaine smuggling.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> After Petitioning congress to hand over jurisdiction, the 57 acres was given to Arkansas in 1905. The 1985 US Supreme Court Case Oklahoma v. Arkansas decided the land would remain Arkansas, even though the Choctaw had not been notified or asked about the territory being handed over.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> Therefore, the Poteau River serves as the Oklahoma-Arkansas boundary for approximately 1 mile, reducing the Choctaw Reservation and later Oklahoma by 57 acres as established in the treaties of the early 1800s. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Topography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in Oklahoma">List of lakes in Oklahoma</a></div> Oklahoma is between the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ozarks" title="Ozarks">Ozark Plateau</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> watershed,<a href="#cite_note-Geography_Map-68">[66]</a> generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary.<a href="#cite_note-The_Geography_of_Oklahoma-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Topography_of_Oklahoma-70">[68]</a> Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, <a href="/wiki/Black_Mesa_(Oklahoma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Mesa (Oklahoma)">Black Mesa</a>, at 4,973 feet (1,516 m) above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Panhandle">Oklahoma Panhandle</a>. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of <a href="/wiki/Idabel,_Oklahoma" title="Idabel, Oklahoma">Idabel</a>, which dips to 289 feet (88 m) above sea level.<a href="#cite_note-The_Climate_of_Oklahoma-71">[69]</a> Among the most geographically diverse states, Oklahoma is one of four to harbor more than 10 distinct <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecological regions</a>, with 11 in its borders—more per square mile than in any other state.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma_Terrain-13">[11]</a> Its western and eastern halves, however, are marked by extreme differences in geographical diversity: Eastern Oklahoma touches eight ecological regions and its western half contains three. Although having fewer ecological regions Western Oklahoma contains many rare, relic species.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma_Terrain-13">[11]</a> Oklahoma has four primary mountain ranges: the <a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Mountains" title="Ouachita Mountains">Ouachita Mountains</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arbuckle_Mountains" title="Arbuckle Mountains">Arbuckle Mountains</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wichita_Mountains" title="Wichita Mountains">Wichita Mountains</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ozarks" title="Ozarks">Ozark Mountains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Geography_of_Oklahoma-69">[67]</a> Contained within the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Interior_Highlands" title="U.S. Interior Highlands">U.S. Interior Highlands</a> region, the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains are the only major mountainous region between the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> A portion of the <a href="/wiki/Flint_Hills" title="Flint Hills">Flint Hills</a> stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and near the state's eastern border, The Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department regards <a href="/wiki/Cavanal_Hill" title="Cavanal Hill">Cavanal Hill</a> as the world's tallest hill; at 1,999 feet (609 m), it fails their definition of a mountain by one foot.<a href="#cite_note-TravelOK-73">[71]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid</a> <a href="/wiki/High_Plains_(United_States)" title="High Plains (United States)">high plains</a> in the state's <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Oklahoma" title="Northwestern Oklahoma">northwestern corner</a> harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent <a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">canyons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesa" title="Mesa">mesa</a> ranges like the <a href="/wiki/Glass_Mountains" title="Glass Mountains">Glass Mountains</a>. Partial plains interrupted by small, <a href="/wiki/Sky_island" title="Sky island">sky island</a> mountain ranges like the <a href="/wiki/Antelope_Hills,_Oklahoma" title="Antelope Hills, Oklahoma">Antelope Hills</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wichita_Mountains" title="Wichita Mountains">Wichita Mountains</a> dot <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Oklahoma" title="Southwestern Oklahoma">southwestern Oklahoma</a>; transitional prairie and <a href="/wiki/Oak_savanna" title="Oak savanna">oak savannas</a> cover the <a href="/wiki/Central_Oklahoma" title="Central Oklahoma">central portion</a> of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction.<a href="#cite_note-Topography_of_Oklahoma-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-forests_1-74">[72]</a> More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma's waterways, and with 200 lakes created by dams, it holds the nation's highest number of artificial reservoirs.<a href="#cite_note-TravelOK-73">[71]</a> Most of the state lies in two primary <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basins</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas</a> Rivers, though the Lee and Little Rivers also contain significant drainage basins.<a href="#cite_note-forests_1-74">[72]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Turner_falls_ok.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turner Falls"><img alt="Turner Falls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Turner_falls_ok.jpg/161px-Turner_falls_ok.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Turner_falls_ok.jpg/242px-Turner_falls_ok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Turner_falls_ok.jpg/323px-Turner_falls_ok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="372" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Turner Falls</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_rocks.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="State rock (rose rock) specimens from Cleveland County"><img alt="State rock (rose rock) specimens from Cleveland County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Rose_rocks.jpg/180px-Rose_rocks.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Rose_rocks.jpg/270px-Rose_rocks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Rose_rocks.jpg/360px-Rose_rocks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="956" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">State rock (<a href="/wiki/Desert_rose_(crystal)" title="Desert rose (crystal)">rose rock</a>) specimens from Cleveland County</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_River_Oklahoma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Illinois River in northeastern Oklahoma"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Illinois_River_Oklahoma.jpg/162px-Illinois_River_Oklahoma.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Illinois_River_Oklahoma.jpg/243px-Illinois_River_Oklahoma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Illinois_River_Oklahoma.jpg/323px-Illinois_River_Oklahoma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1544" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Illinois River in northeastern Oklahoma</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Elk_Mountain,_OK.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elk Mountain, in the eastern Wichita Mountains, southwestern Oklahoma"><img alt="Elk Mountain, in the eastern Wichita Mountains, southwestern Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Elk_Mountain%2C_OK.jpg/159px-Elk_Mountain%2C_OK.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Elk_Mountain%2C_OK.jpg/239px-Elk_Mountain%2C_OK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Elk_Mountain%2C_OK.jpg/318px-Elk_Mountain%2C_OK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="434" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Elk Mountain, in the eastern Wichita Mountains, southwestern Oklahoma</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wichita_Mountains_Narrows.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wichita Mountains Narrows"><img alt="Wichita Mountains Narrows" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Wichita_Mountains_Narrows.jpg/180px-Wichita_Mountains_Narrows.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Wichita_Mountains_Narrows.jpg/270px-Wichita_Mountains_Narrows.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Wichita_Mountains_Narrows.jpg/360px-Wichita_Mountains_Narrows.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="1000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wichita Mountains Narrows</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Talimenavista1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Ouachita Mountains cover much of southeastern Oklahoma."><img alt="The Ouachita Mountains cover much of southeastern Oklahoma." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Talimenavista1.jpg/160px-Talimenavista1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Talimenavista1.jpg/240px-Talimenavista1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Talimenavista1.jpg/320px-Talimenavista1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Mountains" title="Ouachita Mountains">Ouachita Mountains</a> cover much of <a href="/wiki/Kiamichi_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiamichi Country">southeastern Oklahoma</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:McIntosh_County_(Oklahoma).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grave Creek in McIntosh County"><img alt="Grave Creek in McIntosh County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/McIntosh_County_%28Oklahoma%29.jpg/169px-McIntosh_County_%28Oklahoma%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/McIntosh_County_%28Oklahoma%29.jpg/254px-McIntosh_County_%28Oklahoma%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/McIntosh_County_%28Oklahoma%29.jpg/338px-McIntosh_County_%28Oklahoma%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1420" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grave Creek in <a href="/wiki/McIntosh_County,_Oklahoma" title="McIntosh County, Oklahoma">McIntosh County</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloss_Mountains.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mesas rise above one of Oklahoma's state parks."><img alt="Mesas rise above one of Oklahoma's state parks." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gloss_Mountains.jpg/160px-Gloss_Mountains.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gloss_Mountains.jpg/240px-Gloss_Mountains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gloss_Mountains.jpg/320px-Gloss_Mountains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Glass_Mountains" title="Glass Mountains">Mesas</a> rise above one of Oklahoma's state parks.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_fauna_of_Oklahoma" title="List of fauna of Oklahoma">List of fauna of Oklahoma</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tallgrass_Prairie_Nature_Preserve_in_Osage_County.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tallgrass_Prairie_Nature_Preserve_in_Osage_County.jpg/220px-Tallgrass_Prairie_Nature_Preserve_in_Osage_County.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tallgrass_Prairie_Nature_Preserve_in_Osage_County.jpg/330px-Tallgrass_Prairie_Nature_Preserve_in_Osage_County.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tallgrass_Prairie_Nature_Preserve_in_Osage_County.jpg/440px-Tallgrass_Prairie_Nature_Preserve_in_Osage_County.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1493" data-file-height="1019" /></a><figcaption>Populations of <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a> inhabit the state's prairie ecosystems.</figcaption></figure> Due to Oklahoma's location at the confluence of many geographic regions, the state's climatic regions have a high rate of biodiversity. Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma<a href="#cite_note-TravelOK-73">[71]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairie grasslands</a> composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and <a href="/wiki/Tallgrass_prairie" title="Tallgrass prairie">tallgrass prairie</a>, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions, although <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_land" title="Agricultural land">cropland</a> has largely replaced native grasses.<a href="#cite_note-ecology-75">[73]</a> Where rainfall is sparse in the state's western regions, shortgrass prairie and <a href="/wiki/Shrubland" title="Shrubland">shrublands</a> are the most prominent ecosystems, though <a href="/wiki/Pinyon_pine" title="Pinyon pine">pinyon pines</a>, red cedar (<a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">junipers</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Pinus_ponderosa" title="Pinus ponderosa">ponderosa pines</a> grow near rivers and creek beds in the panhandle's far western reaches.<a href="#cite_note-ecology-75">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Oklahoma" title="Southwestern Oklahoma">Southwestern Oklahoma</a> contains many rare, <a href="/wiki/Disjunct_distribution" title="Disjunct distribution">disjunct species</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Acer_saccharum" title="Acer saccharum">sugar maple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acer_grandidentatum" title="Acer grandidentatum">bigtooth maple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nolina" title="Nolina">nolina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quercus_fusiformis" title="Quercus fusiformis">Texas live oak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">Marshlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cypress" title="Cypress">cypress</a> forests, and mixtures of <a href="/wiki/Pinus_echinata" title="Pinus echinata">shortleaf pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinus_taeda" title="Pinus taeda">loblolly pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabal_minor" title="Sabal minor">blue palmetto</a>, and deciduous forests dominate the state's <a href="/wiki/Kiamichi_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiamichi Country">southeastern quarter</a>, while mixtures of largely <a href="/wiki/Quercus_stellata" title="Quercus stellata">post oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">elm</a>, red cedar (<a href="/wiki/Juniperus_virginiana" title="Juniperus virginiana">Juniperus virginiana</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a> forests cover <a href="/wiki/Green_Country" title="Green Country">northeastern Oklahoma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-forests_1-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-ecology-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-OK_forests-77">[75]</a> The state holds populations of <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">white-tailed deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">mule deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">antelope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">mountain lions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">bobcats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">elk</a>, and birds such as <a href="/wiki/Quail" title="Quail">quail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">doves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_cardinal" title="Northern cardinal">cardinals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">bald eagles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red-tailed_hawk" title="Red-tailed hawk">red-tailed hawks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pheasant" title="Pheasant">pheasants</a>. In prairie ecosystems, <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_prairie_chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater prairie chicken">greater prairie chickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">badgers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Armadillo" title="Armadillo">armadillo</a> are common, and some of the nation's largest <a href="/wiki/Prairie_dog" title="Prairie dog">prairie dog</a> towns inhabit shortgrass prairie in the state's panhandle. The <a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers" title="Cross Timbers">Cross Timbers</a>, a region transitioning from prairie to woodlands in Central Oklahoma, harbors 351 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scissor_tailed_flycatcher-_Oklahoma%E2%80%99s_State_Bird.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Scissor_tailed_flycatcher-_Oklahoma%E2%80%99s_State_Bird.jpg/220px-Scissor_tailed_flycatcher-_Oklahoma%E2%80%99s_State_Bird.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Scissor_tailed_flycatcher-_Oklahoma%E2%80%99s_State_Bird.jpg/330px-Scissor_tailed_flycatcher-_Oklahoma%E2%80%99s_State_Bird.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Scissor_tailed_flycatcher-_Oklahoma%E2%80%99s_State_Bird.jpg/440px-Scissor_tailed_flycatcher-_Oklahoma%E2%80%99s_State_Bird.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2625" data-file-height="2119" /></a><figcaption>Scissor tailed flycatcher (Tyrannus forficatus) is Oklahoma’s State Bird</figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrate species</a>. The Ouachita Mountains are home to <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">black bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">gray fox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">river otter</a> populations, which coexist with 328 vertebrate species in southeastern Oklahoma. Also in southeastern Oklahoma lives the <a href="/wiki/American_alligator" title="American alligator">American alligator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ecology-75">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protected_lands">Protected lands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Protected lands">edit</a>]</div> Oklahoma has fifty-one <a href="/wiki/State_park" title="State park">state parks</a>,<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> six <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a> or protected regions,<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma_national_parks-79">[77]</a> two <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Forest">national protected forests</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grassland" title="Grassland">grasslands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> and a network of wildlife preserves and conservation areas. Six percent of the state's 10 million acres (40,000 km2) of forest is public land,<a href="#cite_note-OK_forests-77">[75]</a> including the western portions of the <a href="/wiki/Ouachita_National_Forest" title="Ouachita National Forest">Ouachita National Forest</a>, the largest and oldest national forest in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> With 39,000 acres (160 km2), the <a href="/wiki/Tallgrass_Prairie_Preserve" title="Tallgrass Prairie Preserve">Tallgrass Prairie Preserve</a> in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of <a href="/wiki/Tallgrass_prairie" title="Tallgrass prairie">tallgrass prairie</a> in the world and is part of an <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystem</a> that encompasses only ten percent of its former land area, once covering fourteen states.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Kettle_National_Grassland" title="Black Kettle National Grassland">Black Kettle National Grassland</a> covers 31,300 acres (127 km2) of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wichita_Mountains_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge">Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge</a> is the oldest and largest of nine <a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuges</a> in the state<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2).<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> Of Oklahoma's federally protected parks or recreational sites, the <a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_National_Recreation_Area" title="Chickasaw National Recreation Area">Chickasaw National Recreation Area</a> is the largest, with 9,898.63 acres (40.0583 km2).<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Other sites include the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a> national historic trails, the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Smith National Historic Site">Fort Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washita_Battlefield_National_Historic_Site" title="Washita Battlefield National Historic Site">Washita Battlefield</a> national historic sites, and the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_National_Memorial" title="Oklahoma City National Memorial">Oklahoma City National Memorial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma_national_parks-79">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Oklahoma" title="Climate change in Oklahoma">Climate change in Oklahoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tornadoes_in_Oklahoma" title="Tornadoes in Oklahoma">Tornadoes in Oklahoma</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lightning_over_Tulsa_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lightning_over_Tulsa_cropped.jpg/220px-Lightning_over_Tulsa_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lightning_over_Tulsa_cropped.jpg/330px-Lightning_over_Tulsa_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lightning_over_Tulsa_cropped.jpg/440px-Lightning_over_Tulsa_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption>Oklahoma's climate is prime for the generation of <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorms</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OBU_Campus_oval_fountain_in_2011_snowstorm..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/OBU_Campus_oval_fountain_in_2011_snowstorm..JPG/220px-OBU_Campus_oval_fountain_in_2011_snowstorm..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/OBU_Campus_oval_fountain_in_2011_snowstorm..JPG/330px-OBU_Campus_oval_fountain_in_2011_snowstorm..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/OBU_Campus_oval_fountain_in_2011_snowstorm..JPG/440px-OBU_Campus_oval_fountain_in_2011_snowstorm..JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Winter at the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Baptist_University" title="Oklahoma Baptist University">Oklahoma Baptist University</a> campus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_USA_Oklahoma_1991%E2%80%932020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_USA_Oklahoma_1991%E2%80%932020.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_USA_Oklahoma_1991%E2%80%932020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_USA_Oklahoma_1991%E2%80%932020.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_USA_Oklahoma_1991%E2%80%932020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_USA_Oklahoma_1991%E2%80%932020.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_USA_Oklahoma_1991%E2%80%932020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Most of Oklahoma has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid subtropical">humid subtropical</a> climate.</figcaption></figure> Oklahoma is in a humid subtropical region<a href="#cite_note-Climate_of_OK-87">[85]</a> that lies in a transition zone between semiarid further to the west, humid continental to the north, and humid subtropical to the east and southeast. Most of the state lies in an area known as <a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley" title="Tornado Alley">Tornado Alley</a> characterized by frequent interaction between cold, dry air from Canada, warm to hot, dry air from Mexico and the Southwestern U.S., and warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. The interactions between these three contrasting air currents produces <a href="/wiki/Severe_weather" title="Severe weather">severe weather</a> (severe thunderstorms, damaging thunderstorm winds, large hail and tornadoes) with a frequency virtually unseen anywhere else on planet Earth.<a href="#cite_note-The_Climate_of_Oklahoma-71">[69]</a> An average 62 <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadoes</a> <a href="/wiki/Tornadoes_in_Oklahoma" title="Tornadoes in Oklahoma">strike the state per year</a>—one of the highest rates in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Annual_average_number_of_tornadoes-88">[86]</a> Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances, and they can change drastically in a short time.<a href="#cite_note-The_Climate_of_Oklahoma-71">[69]</a> On November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) (the record high for that date), then <a href="/wiki/Great_Blue_Norther_of_November_11,_1911" title="Great Blue Norther of November 11, 1911">a cold front of unprecedented intensity</a> slammed across the state, causing the temperature to reach 17 °F (−8 °C) (the record low for that date) by midnight.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> This type of phenomenon is also responsible for many of the tornadoes in the area, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_27%E2%80%9329,_1912" title="Tornado outbreak of April 27–29, 1912">1912 Oklahoma tornado outbreak</a> when a warm front traveled along a stalled cold front, resulting in an average of about one tornado per hour.<a href="#cite_note-1912_tornadoes-90">[88]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Köppen Cfa) of central, southern, and eastern Oklahoma is influenced heavily by southerly winds bringing moisture from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>. Traveling westward, the climate transitions progressively toward a <a href="/wiki/Semiarid" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiarid">semiarid</a> zone (Köppen BSk) in the high plains of the Panhandle and other western areas from about <a href="/wiki/Lawton,_Oklahoma" title="Lawton, Oklahoma">Lawton</a> westward, less frequently touched by southern moisture.<a href="#cite_note-Climate_of_OK-87">[85]</a> Precipitation and temperatures decline from east to west accordingly, with areas in the southeast averaging an annual temperature of 62 °F (17 °C) and an annual rainfall of generally over 40 in (1,020 mm) and up to 56 in (1,420 mm), while areas of the (higher-elevation) panhandle average 58 °F (14 °C), with annual rainfall under 17 in (430 mm).<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> Over almost all of Oklahoma, winter is the driest season. Average monthly precipitation increases dramatically in the spring to a peak in May, the wettest month over most of the state, with its frequent and not uncommonly severe thunderstorm activity. Early June can still be wet, but most years see a marked decrease in rainfall during June and early July. Mid-summer (July and August) represents a secondary dry season over much of Oklahoma, with long stretches of hot weather with only sporadic thunderstorm activity not uncommon many years. Severe drought is common in the hottest summers, such as those of 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011, all of which featured weeks on end of virtual rainlessness and highs well over 100 °F (38 °C). Average precipitation rises again from September to mid-October, representing a secondary wetter season, then declines from late October through December.<a href="#cite_note-The_Climate_of_Oklahoma-71">[69]</a> The entire state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C),<a href="#cite_note-Climate_of_OK-87">[85]</a> though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 in (102 mm) in the south to just over 20 in (508 mm) on the border of <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> in the panhandle.<a href="#cite_note-The_Climate_of_Oklahoma-71">[69]</a> The state is home to the <a href="/wiki/Storm_Prediction_Center" title="Storm Prediction Center">Storm Prediction Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Severe_Storms_Laboratory" title="National Severe Storms Laboratory">National Severe Storms Laboratory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Warning_Decision_Training_Division" title="Warning Decision Training Division">Warning Decision Training Division</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Radar_Operations_Center" title="Radar Operations Center">Radar Operations Center</a>, all part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;"> <caption>Monthly temperatures for Oklahoma's largest cities<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">City </th> <th> </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">March </th> <th scope="col">April </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">June </th> <th scope="col">July </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sept </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" scope="row">Oklahoma City </th> <th scope="row"><abbr title="Average">Avg.</abbr> high </th> <td>50 °F (10 °C) </td> <td>55 °F (13 °C) </td> <td>63 °F (17 °C) </td> <td>73 °F (23 °C) </td> <td>80 °F (27 °C) </td> <td>88 °F (31 °C) </td> <td>94 °F (34 °C) </td> <td>93 °F (34 °C) </td> <td>85 °F (29 °C) </td> <td>73 °F (23 °C) </td> <td>62 °F (17 °C) </td> <td>51 °F (11 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Avg. low </th> <td>29 °F (−2 °C) </td> <td>33 °F (1 °C) </td> <td>41 °F (5 °C) </td> <td>50 °F (10 °C) </td> <td>60 °F (16 °C) </td> <td>68 °F (20 °C) </td> <td>72 °F (22 °C) </td> <td>71 °F (22 °C) </td> <td>63 °F (17 °C) </td> <td>52 °F (11 °C) </td> <td>40 °F (4 °C) </td> <td>31 °F (−1 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" scope="row">Tulsa </th> <th scope="row">Avg. high </th> <td>48 °F (9 °C) </td> <td>53 °F (12 °C) </td> <td>62 °F (17 °C) </td> <td>72 °F (22 °C) </td> <td>79 °F (26 °C) </td> <td>88 °F (31 °C) </td> <td>93 °F (34 °C) </td> <td>93 °F (34 °C) </td> <td>84 °F (29 °C) </td> <td>73 °F (23 °C) </td> <td>61 °F (16 °C) </td> <td>49 °F (9 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Avg. low </th> <td>27 °F (−3 °C) </td> <td>31 °F (−1 °C) </td> <td>40 °F (4 °C) </td> <td>49 °F (9 °C) </td> <td>59 °F (15 °C) </td> <td>68 °F (20 °C) </td> <td>73 °F (23 °C) </td> <td>71 °F (22 °C) </td> <td>62 °F (17 °C) </td> <td>51 °F (11 °C) </td> <td>40 °F (4 °C) </td> <td>30 °F (−1 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" scope="row">Lawton </th> <th scope="row">Avg. high </th> <td>50 °F (10 °C) </td> <td>56 °F (13 °C) </td> <td>65 °F (18 °C) </td> <td>73 °F (23 °C) </td> <td>82 °F (28 °C) </td> <td>90 °F (32 °C) </td> <td>96 °F (36 °C) </td> <td>95 °F (35 °C) </td> <td>86 °F (30 °C) </td> <td>76 °F (24 °C) </td> <td>62 °F (17 °C) </td> <td>52 °F (11 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Avg. low </th> <td>26 °F (−3 °C) </td> <td>31 °F (−1 °C) </td> <td>40 °F (4 °C) </td> <td>49 °F (9 °C) </td> <td>59 °F (15 °C) </td> <td>68 °F (20 °C) </td> <td>73 °F (23 °C) </td> <td>71 °F (22 °C) </td> <td>63 °F (17 °C) </td> <td>51 °F (11 °C) </td> <td>39 °F (4 °C) </td> <td>30 °F (−1 °C) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities_and_towns">Cities and towns</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cities and towns">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Oklahoma">List of cities in Oklahoma</a></div> Oklahoma had 598 incorporated places in 2010, including four cities over 100,000 in population and 43 over 10,000.<a href="#cite_note-ok_commerce-95">[93]</a> Two of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">fifty largest cities</a> in the United States are in Oklahoma, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a>, and sixty-five percent of Oklahomans live within their metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social influence defined by the United States Census Bureau as a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical area</a>. Oklahoma City, the state's capital and largest city, had the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Metroplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma City Metroplex">largest metropolitan area in the state</a> in 2020, with 1,425,695 people, and the <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsa Metropolitan Area">metropolitan area of Tulsa</a> had 1,015,331 residents.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> Between 2000 and 2010, the leading cities in population growth were <a href="/wiki/Blanchard,_Oklahoma" title="Blanchard, Oklahoma">Blanchard</a> (172.4%), <a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Oklahoma" title="Elgin, Oklahoma">Elgin</a> (78.2%), <a href="/wiki/Jenks,_Oklahoma" title="Jenks, Oklahoma">Jenks</a> (77.0%), <a href="/wiki/Piedmont,_Oklahoma" title="Piedmont, Oklahoma">Piedmont</a> (56.7%), <a href="/wiki/Bixby,_Oklahoma" title="Bixby, Oklahoma">Bixby</a> (56.6%), and <a href="/wiki/Owasso,_Oklahoma" title="Owasso, Oklahoma">Owasso</a> (56.3%).<a href="#cite_note-ok_commerce-95">[93]</a> In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), <a href="/wiki/Broken_Arrow,_Oklahoma" title="Broken Arrow, Oklahoma">Broken Arrow</a> (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), <a href="/wiki/Edmond,_Oklahoma" title="Edmond, Oklahoma">Edmond</a> (81,405, +19.2%), <a href="/wiki/Moore,_Oklahoma" title="Moore, Oklahoma">Moore</a> (55,081, +33.9%), <a href="/wiki/Midwest_City,_Oklahoma" title="Midwest City, Oklahoma">Midwest City</a> (54,371, +0.5%), <a href="/wiki/Enid,_Oklahoma" title="Enid, Oklahoma">Enid</a> (49,379, +5.0%), and <a href="/wiki/Stillwater,_Oklahoma" title="Stillwater, Oklahoma">Stillwater</a> (45,688, +17.0%). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith,_Arkansas" title="Fort Smith, Arkansas">Fort Smith, Arkansas</a> extends into the state.<a href="#cite_note-Ok_cities-97">[95]</a> Under Oklahoma law, municipalities are divided into two categories: cities, defined as having more than 1,000 residents, and towns, with under 1,000 residents. Both have <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a>, and public power within their boundaries, but cities can choose between a <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">mayor–council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">council–manager</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">strong mayor</a> form of government, while towns operate through an elected officer system.<a href="#cite_note-citygov-98">[96]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Oklahoma <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source (2020):<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Oklahoma">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of Oklahoma">County</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Oklahoma_City_skyline_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oklahoma City"><img alt="Oklahoma City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Downtown_Oklahoma_City_skyline_%282%29.jpg/120px-Downtown_Oklahoma_City_skyline_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Downtown_Oklahoma_City_skyline_%282%29.jpg/180px-Downtown_Oklahoma_City_skyline_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Downtown_Oklahoma_City_skyline_%282%29.jpg/240px-Downtown_Oklahoma_City_skyline_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Tulsa_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tulsa"><img alt="Tulsa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Downtown_Tulsa_Skyline.jpg/120px-Downtown_Tulsa_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Downtown_Tulsa_Skyline.jpg/180px-Downtown_Tulsa_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Downtown_Tulsa_Skyline.jpg/240px-Downtown_Tulsa_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_County,_Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma County, Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">681,054 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:SemiAerial_OU.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Norman"><img alt="Norman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SemiAerial_OU.jpg/120px-SemiAerial_OU.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SemiAerial_OU.jpg/180px-SemiAerial_OU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SemiAerial_OU.jpg/240px-SemiAerial_OU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Historic_house_Broken_Arrow_Oklahoma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Broken Arrow"><img alt="Broken Arrow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Historic_house_Broken_Arrow_Oklahoma.jpg/120px-Historic_house_Broken_Arrow_Oklahoma.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Historic_house_Broken_Arrow_Oklahoma.jpg/180px-Historic_house_Broken_Arrow_Oklahoma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Historic_house_Broken_Arrow_Oklahoma.jpg/240px-Historic_house_Broken_Arrow_Oklahoma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Broken_Arrow,_Oklahoma" title="Broken Arrow, Oklahoma">Broken Arrow</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_County,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa County, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">413,066 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cleveland County, Oklahoma">Cleveland</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">128,026 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Broken_Arrow,_Oklahoma" title="Broken Arrow, Oklahoma">Broken Arrow</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_County,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa County, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">113,540 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Edmond,_Oklahoma" title="Edmond, Oklahoma">Edmond</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_County,_Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma County, Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">94,428 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lawton,_Oklahoma" title="Lawton, Oklahoma">Lawton</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Comanche_County,_Oklahoma" title="Comanche County, Oklahoma">Comanche</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">90,381 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Moore,_Oklahoma" title="Moore, Oklahoma">Moore</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cleveland County, Oklahoma">Cleveland</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">62,793 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Midwest_City,_Oklahoma" title="Midwest City, Oklahoma">Midwest City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_County,_Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma County, Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">58,409 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Enid,_Oklahoma" title="Enid, Oklahoma">Enid</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Garfield_County,_Oklahoma" title="Garfield County, Oklahoma">Garfield</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">51,308 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Stillwater,_Oklahoma" title="Stillwater, Oklahoma">Stillwater</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Payne_County,_Oklahoma" title="Payne County, Oklahoma">Payne</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">48,394 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Oklahoma" title="Demographics of Oklahoma">Demographics of Oklahoma</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oklahoma_population_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Oklahoma_population_map.png/390px-Oklahoma_population_map.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Oklahoma_population_map.png/585px-Oklahoma_population_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Oklahoma_population_map.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Oklahoma population density map</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>258,657</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>790,391</td><td></td><td>205.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>1,657,155</td><td></td><td>109.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>2,028,283</td><td></td><td>22.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>2,396,040</td><td></td><td>18.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>2,336,433</td><td></td><td>−2.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>2,233,513</td><td></td><td>−4.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>2,328,284</td><td></td><td>4.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>2,559,229</td><td></td><td>9.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>3,025,290</td><td></td><td>18.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>3,145,585</td><td></td><td>4.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>3,450,654</td><td></td><td>9.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>3,751,675</td><td></td><td>8.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>3,959,353</td><td></td><td>5.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2024 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">4,095,393</td><td><a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a></td><td>3.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table>From a <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920 U.S. census</a> population of 2,028,283, Oklahoma's population has continued to increase. At the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>, its population was 3,751,675. The <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> revealed its population to be was 3,959,353, an 5.5% increase since 2010.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> A 2022 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> estimate found that the population had surpassed 4 million residents for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> Among the states of the <a href="/wiki/South_Central_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="South Central United States">South Central</a> region, Oklahoma had the second-largest population increase from 2010 to 2020, behind <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> Of the state's total resident population, approximately 236,882 were <a href="/wiki/Immigrants_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrants (United States)">immigrants</a> according to a study in 2018, making up 6% of the state's population at the time. Most of its immigrant population came from Mexico (45%), Vietnam (5%), India (5%), Germany (3%), and Guatemala (3%). In the state, 246,550 residents were native-born Americans who had at least one immigrant parent. An estimated 85,000 immigrants were undocumented with 125,989 Oklahomans having lived with at least one undocumented family member between 2010 and 2014. Immigrants to Oklahoma have contributed more than a billion U.S. dollars in taxes in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> In 2011, the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey data from 2005 to 2009 indicated about 5% of Oklahoma's residents were born outside the United States. This was lower than the national figure (about 12.5% of U.S. residents were foreign-born).<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> In 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Center_of_population" title="Center of population">center of population</a> of Oklahoma was in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Oklahoma" title="Lincoln County, Oklahoma">Lincoln County</a> near the town of <a href="/wiki/Sparks,_Oklahoma" title="Sparks, Oklahoma">Sparks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 3,754 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people in Oklahoma.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Race and ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oklahoma_counties_by_race.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Oklahoma_counties_by_race.svg/220px-Oklahoma_counties_by_race.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Oklahoma_counties_by_race.svg/330px-Oklahoma_counties_by_race.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Oklahoma_counties_by_race.svg/440px-Oklahoma_counties_by_race.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>Map of counties in Oklahoma by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Legend</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> Non-Hispanic White <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  50–60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  60–70%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  70–80%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  80–90%</div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> Native American <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  40–50%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  50–60%</div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> Hispanic or Latino <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  50–60%</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </li></ul> </div></figcaption></figure> As with majority of the U.S., Oklahoma has experienced diversification since the beginning of the 21st century;<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> in 1940, 90.1% of the state's population was <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic White">non-Hispanic White</a>; in 2020, 75.5% of the population was White, down from 1990's 81% yet up from 2010's 72.2%. Among its population at the 2020 census, the remainder of its increasingly diverse population was 11.9% <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> of any race, 16% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian and Alaska Native</a>, 9.7% <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black or African American</a>, 3.1% <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">other Pacific Islander</a>, and 9% some other race.<a href="#cite_note-2020OKCensus-112">[110]</a> According to the 2010 census, 8.6% were American Indian and Alaska Native, 7.4% Black or African American, 1.7% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 4.1% from some other race and 5.9% of two or more races; 8.9% of Oklahoma's population were of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race).<a href="#cite_note-2020OKCensus-112">[110]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"> <caption>Historical racial demographics </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial composition</th> <th>1940<a href="#cite_note-census-113">[111]</a></th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-census-113">[111]</a></th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-census-113">[111]</a></th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-Census2010-114">[112]</a></th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-2020DP1-115">[113]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a></td> <td>90.1%</td> <td>89.1%</td> <td>81%</td> <td>72.2%</td> <td>63.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic Americans">Hispanic</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>2.7%</td> <td>8.9%</td> <td>11.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native</a></td> <td>2.7%</td> <td>3.8%</td> <td>8%</td> <td>8.6%</td> <td>8.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a></td> <td>7.2%</td> <td>6.7%</td> <td>7.4%</td> <td>7.4%</td> <td>7.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> (Included <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands Americans">Pacific Islanders</a> before 1990)</td> <td>-</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td>2.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands Americans">other Pacific Islander</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other race</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>1.3%</td> <td>4.1%</td> <td>5.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Two or more races</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>5.9%</td> <td>12.8% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"> <caption>Oklahoma racial composition by ethnicity, including in combination </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial composition</th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-2020OKCensus-112">[110]</a></th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-2020OKCensus-112">[110]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a></td> <td>77.5%</td> <td>75.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic Americans">Hispanic</a></td> <td>8.9%</td> <td>11.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native</a></td> <td>12.9%</td> <td>16% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a></td> <td>8.7%</td> <td>9.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a></td> <td>2.2%</td> <td>3.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands Americans">other Pacific Islander</a></td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other race</a></td> <td>4.7%</td> <td>9% </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oklahoma_Tribal_Areas.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oklahoma_Tribal_Areas.svg/220px-Oklahoma_Tribal_Areas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oklahoma_Tribal_Areas.svg/330px-Oklahoma_Tribal_Areas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oklahoma_Tribal_Areas.svg/440px-Oklahoma_Tribal_Areas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Tribal_Statistical_Area" title="Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area">Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Areas</a> (teal)</figcaption></figure>In 2005, Oklahoma's estimated ancestral makeup was 14.5% German, 13.1% <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States#European_colonization" title="Southern United States">American</a>, 11.8% <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish</a>, 9.6% <a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English</a>, 8.1% <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American</a>, and 11.4% Native American (including 7.9% Cherokee),<a href="#cite_note-demo-116">[114]</a> though the percentage of people claiming American Indian as their only race was 8.1%.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma_QuickFacts-117">[115]</a> Most people from Oklahoma who self-identify as having <a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American ancestry</a> are of overwhelmingly <a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scots-Irish_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Irish Americans">Scots-Irish</a> ancestry with significant amounts of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish American">Scottish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh American">Welsh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish</a> ancestry as well.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> The majority of Hispanics in Oklahoma are of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a> origin.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> There are 38 federally recognized Native American tribes in the state.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> In 2011, 47.3% of Oklahoma's population younger than age 1 were minorities, meaning they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Oklahoma English</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Oklahoma</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Okie" title="Okie">Okies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Germanic" title="North Sea Germanic">Ingvaeonic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Frisian_languages" title="Anglo-Frisian languages">Anglo–Frisian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Anglic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglic languages">Anglic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North American English</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">Southern American English</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>American Inland South English<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Oklahoma English</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> (<a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">English alphabet</a>) <a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ozar1236">ozar1236</a></code></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="68" data-mwtitle="Cherokeestompdance.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Cherokeestompdance.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Cherokeestompdance.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/Cherokeestompdance.ogg/Cherokeestompdance.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption>Recording of a <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee language</a> stomp dance ceremony in Oklahoma</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cherokee_stop_sign.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cherokee_stop_sign.png/150px-Cherokee_stop_sign.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cherokee_stop_sign.png/225px-Cherokee_stop_sign.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Cherokee_stop_sign.png 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Located in <a href="/wiki/Tahlequah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahlequah">Tahlequah</a>, this <a href="/wiki/Stop_sign" title="Stop sign">stop sign</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a> lettering. </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="English">English</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: English">edit</a>]</div> The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> The variety of <a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North American English</a> spoken is called Oklahoma English, which is "quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">Southern</a> dialects".<a href="#cite_note-Languages-124">[122]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the resident population, five years or older—spoke only English at home, a decrease from 95% in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-Languages-124">[122]</a> 238,732 Oklahoma residents reported speaking a language other than English at home in the 2000 census, about 7.4% of the state's population.<a href="#cite_note-Languages-124">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Native_American_languages">Native American languages</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Native American languages">edit</a>]</div> The two most commonly spoken native North American languages are <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Choctaw_language" title="Choctaw language">Choctaw</a>, with 10,000 Cherokee speakers living within the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee Nation</a> tribal jurisdiction area of eastern Oklahoma and another 10,000 Choctaw speakers living in the <a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Nation_of_Oklahoma" title="Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma">Choctaw Nation</a> directly south of the Cherokees.<a href="#cite_note-Cherokee-125">[123]</a> Cherokee is an official language in the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area and in the <a href="/wiki/United_Keetoowah_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians">United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-official-6">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-constitution-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-CARLA-8">[6]</a> Twenty-five <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Native American languages</a> are spoken in Oklahoma,<a href="#cite_note-languages-14">[12]</a> second only to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. However, only Cherokee, if any, exhibits some language vitality at present. <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> sees Cherokee as <a href="/wiki/Endangered_language" title="Endangered language">moribund</a> because the only remaining active users of the language are members of the grandparent generation and older. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_languages">Other languages</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other languages">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:1em; float:center"> <caption>Top 10 non-English languages spoken in Oklahoma </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Percentage of population (as of 2000<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit">[update]</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Languages-124">[122]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Spanish</td> <td>4.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous languages of North America">Native North American languages</a></td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>German and Vietnamese (tied)</td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>French</td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chinese</td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Korean, Arabic, <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>, Japanese (tied)</td> <td>0.1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">Spanish</a> is the second-most commonly spoken language in the state, with 141,060 speakers counted in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-Languages-124">[122]</a> German has 13,444 speakers representing about 0.4% of the state's population,<a href="#cite_note-Languages-124">[122]</a> and Vietnamese is spoken by 11,330 people,<a href="#cite_note-Languages-124">[122]</a> or about 0.4% of the population,<a href="#cite_note-Languages-124">[122]</a> many of whom live in the <a href="/wiki/Asia_District,_Oklahoma_City" title="Asia District, Oklahoma City">Asia District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>. Other languages include French with 8,258 speakers (0.3%), <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a> with 6,413 (0.2%), Korean with 3,948 (0.1%), Arabic with 3,265 (0.1%), other Asian languages with 3,134 (0.1%), <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> with 2,888 (0.1%), Japanese with 2,546 (0.1%), and African languages with 2,546 (0.1%).<a href="#cite_note-Languages-124">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Oklahoma" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Oklahoma">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Oklahoma</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BostonAvenueMethodist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/BostonAvenueMethodist.jpg/220px-BostonAvenueMethodist.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/BostonAvenueMethodist.jpg/330px-BostonAvenueMethodist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/BostonAvenueMethodist.jpg/440px-BostonAvenueMethodist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Avenue_Methodist_Church" title="Boston Avenue Methodist Church">Boston Avenue Methodist Church</a> in Tulsa is a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a>.</figcaption></figure> Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by conservative and Evangelical Protestant Christianity known as the "<a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a>". Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">politically and socially</a> conservative views, with the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> having the greater number of voters registered between the two major parties.<a href="#cite_note-ok.gov-126">[124]</a> Tulsa, the state's second-largest city, home to <a href="/wiki/Oral_Roberts_University" title="Oral Roberts University">Oral Roberts University</a>, is sometimes called the "<a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt#Buckle" title="Bible Belt">buckle of the Bible Belt</a>".<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> In 2000, there were about 5,000 <a href="/wiki/List_of_synagogues_in_Oklahoma" title="List of synagogues in Oklahoma">Jews</a> and 6,000 Muslims, with ten congregations to each group.<a href="#cite_note-religion-129">[127]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> in 2008, the majority of Oklahoma's religious adherents were <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a>, accounting for about 80% of the population. The percentage of Catholics was half the national average, while the percentage of <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">Evangelical</a> Protestants was more than twice the national average (tied with Arkansas for the largest percentage of any state).<a href="#cite_note-religion2-130">[128]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OKC_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/OKC_Cathedral.jpg/220px-OKC_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/OKC_Cathedral.jpg/330px-OKC_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/OKC_Cathedral.jpg/440px-OKC_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Perpetual_Help_(Oklahoma_City)" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help (Oklahoma City)">Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help</a> in Oklahoma City</figcaption></figure> In 2010, the state's largest church memberships were in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> (886,394 members), the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> (282,347), the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> (178,430), and the <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_USA" title="Assemblies of God USA">Assemblies of God</a> (85,926) and <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church)<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> (47,349). Other religions represented in the state include <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-www.thearda.com-132">[130]</a> According to the Pew Research Center in 2014, the majority of Oklahoma's religious adherents remained Christian accounting for 79% of the population, 9 percent higher than the national average.<a href="#cite_note-Pew2014national-133">[131]</a> The percentage of Evangelical Protestants declined since the last study, but they remain the largest religious group in the state at 47% over 20 percent higher than the national average.<a href="#cite_note-Pew2014national-133">[131]</a> The largest growth over the six years between Pew's 2008 and 2014 survey was in the number of people who identify as <a href="/wiki/Irreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligious">unaffiliated</a> in the state with an increase of 6% of the total population. By the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>'s survey, 73% of the population were Christian.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> Evangelicalism made up 29% of the state population, followed by <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestantism</a> at 19%. <a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Historically and predominantly African-American</a> and Latino churches collectively made up 8% of the religious demographic. An estimated 13% of the state's religious population were Roman Catholic. About 22% of the population had no religious affiliation. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Religious affiliation in Oklahoma </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Religion </th> <th>2008<a href="#cite_note-religion-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[c]</a> </th> <th>2014<a href="#cite_note-Pew2014-136">[133]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> Protestant</td> <td>53%</td> <td>47% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestant</a></td> <td>16%</td> <td>18% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Historically <a href="/wiki/Black_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Protestant">Black Protestant</a></td> <td>3%</td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>12%</td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormon</a></td> <td><0.5%</td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy#Christianity" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodox Christianity</a></td> <td><0.5%</td> <td><1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witness" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehovah's Witness">Jehovah's Witness</a></td> <td><0.5%</td> <td><1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a></td> <td>1%</td> <td><1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a></td> <td>1%</td> <td><1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a></td> <td><0.5%</td> <td><1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a></td> <td>1%</td> <td><1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a></td> <td><0.5%</td> <td><1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other World Faiths</td> <td><0.5%</td> <td><1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligious">Unaffiliated</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">Atheist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnostic">Agnostic</a>, and nothing in particular</td> <td>12%</td> <td>18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humanists" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanists">Humanists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deists" class="mw-redirect" title="Deists">Deists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_but_not_religious" title="Spiritual but not religious">Spiritual but not religious</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eclecticism" title="Eclecticism">Eclectic</a>, and "other liberal faiths"</td> <td>No data</td> <td><1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Age_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="New Age religion">New Age religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Pagans</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wiccan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiccan">Wiccan</a></td> <td>No data</td> <td><1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native American religions</a></td> <td>No data</td> <td><1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Don't Know</td> <td>1%</td> <td>1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incarceration">Incarceration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Incarceration">edit</a>]</div> Oklahoma has been described as "the world's prison capital", with 1,079 of every 100,000 residents imprisoned in 2018, the fourth-highest incarceration rate of any American state, and by comparison, higher than the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_incarceration_rate" title="List of countries by incarceration rate">incarceration rates</a> of any country in the world.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender_issues">Gender issues</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Gender issues">edit</a>]</div> In an April 2023 report, <a href="/wiki/The_Sentencing_Project" title="The Sentencing Project">The Sentencing Project</a> highlighted Oklahoma's Failure to Protect law, which has "been used primarily against women" and has "sometimes resulted in survivors of abuse facing longer sentences for allegedly failing to protect their children from harm than the person who committed the abuse." The report states that "since the law went into effect in 2009, 139 women in Oklahoma have been imprisoned solely for failure-to-protect charges."<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a> has also pointed out cases of the Oklahoma legislature's actions against the LGBTQ population and censuring of a nonbinary lawmaker.<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Oklahoma" title="Economy of Oklahoma">Economy of Oklahoma</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma locations by per capita income">Oklahoma locations by per capita income</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oklahoma_counties_by_socio-economic_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Oklahoma counties by socio-economic factors">List of Oklahoma counties by socio-economic factors</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_BOK_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_BOK_Building.jpg/170px-The_BOK_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_BOK_Building.jpg/255px-The_BOK_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_BOK_Building.jpg/340px-The_BOK_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="2004" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/BOK_Tower" title="BOK Tower">BOK Tower</a> of Tulsa, Oklahoma's second-tallest building, serves as the world headquarters for <a href="/wiki/Williams_Companies" title="Williams Companies">Williams Companies</a>.</figcaption></figure> Oklahoma is host to a diverse range of sectors including <a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a>, energy, transportation equipment, <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">food processing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>, and telecommunications. Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">food</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma's_Economy_1-16">[14]</a> The state ranks third in the nation for production of natural gas, is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state, and also ranks 5th in production of wheat.<a href="#cite_note-agriculture-141">[138]</a> Four <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies and six <a href="/wiki/Fortune_1000" title="Fortune 1000">Fortune 1000</a> companies are headquartered in Oklahoma,<a href="#cite_note-Fortune_500-142">[139]</a> and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation,<a href="#cite_note-Pro-Business-143">[140]</a> with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> <ul><li>Total employment (2018): 1,385,228</li> <li>Number of employer establishments: 93,561<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a></li></ul> In 2010, Oklahoma City-based <a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Travel_Stops_%26_Country_Stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Love's Travel Stops & Country Stores">Love's Travel Stops & Country Stores</a> ranked 18th on the Forbes list of largest private companies, Tulsa-based <a href="/wiki/QuikTrip" title="QuikTrip">QuikTrip</a> ranked 37th, and Oklahoma City-based <a href="/wiki/Hobby_Lobby" title="Hobby Lobby">Hobby Lobby</a> ranked 198th in 2010 report.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> Oklahoma's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> was $254.13 billion in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-GDPByState-147">[144]</a> The state had a <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> of $58,499 in 2023, which ranked 43rd in the U.S., and its <a href="/wiki/Median_household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Median household income">median household income</a> ranked 46th at $59,673.<a href="#cite_note-r095-148">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-u858-149">[146]</a> Additionally, Oklahoma ranks consistently among the lowest states in cost of living index.<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> Though oil has historically dominated the state's economy, a <a href="/wiki/1980s_oil_glut" title="1980s oil glut">collapse in the energy industry</a> during the 1980s led to the loss of nearly 90,000 energy-related jobs between 1980 and 2000, severely damaging the local economy.<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> Oil accounted for 35 billion dollars in Oklahoma's economy in 2007,<a href="#cite_note-oerb2008-152">[149]</a> and employment in the state's oil industry was outpaced by five other industries in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-employment-153">[150]</a> As of September 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit">[update]</a>, the state's unemployment rate was 5.3%.<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Industry">edit</a>]</div> In mid-2011, Oklahoma had a civilian labor force of 1.7 million and non-farm employment fluctuated around 1.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-employment-153">[150]</a> The government sector provides the most jobs, with 339,300 in 2011, followed by the transportation and utilities sector, providing 279,500 jobs, and the sectors of education, business, and <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a>, providing 207,800, 177,400, and 132,700 jobs, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-employment-153">[150]</a> Among the state's largest industries, the aerospace sector generates $11 billion annually.<a href="#cite_note-Pro-Business-143">[140]</a> Tulsa is home to the largest airline maintenance base in the world, which serves as the global maintenance and engineering headquarters for <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> In total, aerospace accounts for more than 10 percent of Oklahoma's industrial output, and it is one of the top 10 states in aerospace engine manufacturing.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma's_Economy_1-16">[14]</a> Because of its position in the center of the United States, Oklahoma is also among the top states for logistic centers, and a major contributor to weather-related research.<a href="#cite_note-Pro-Business-143">[140]</a> The state is the top manufacturer of tires in North America and contains one of the fastest-growing <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> industries in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-Pro-Business-143">[140]</a> In 2005, international exports from Oklahoma's manufacturing industry totaled $4.3 billion, accounting for 3.6 percent of its economic impact.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> Tire manufacturing, meat processing, oil and gas equipment manufacturing, and air conditioner manufacturing are the state's largest manufacturing industries.<a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Energy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oil_well.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg/250px-Oil_well.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg/375px-Oil_well.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg/500px-Oil_well.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A major oil-producing state, Oklahoma is the fifth-largest producer of crude oil in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-oerb2008-152">[149]</a></figcaption></figure> Oklahoma is the nation's third-largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>, and its fifth-largest producer of crude oil. The state also has the second-greatest number of active <a href="/wiki/Drilling_rig" title="Drilling rig">drilling rigs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-oerb2008-152">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> and it is even ranked fifth in crude oil reserves.<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a> While the state was ranked eighth for installed <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind energy</a> capacity in 2011,<a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> it still was at the bottom of states in usage of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> in 2009, with 94% of its electricity being generated by <a href="/wiki/Non-renewable_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-renewable energy">non-renewable</a> sources in 2009, including 25% from coal and 46% from natural gas.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> Ten years later in 2019, 53.5% of electricity was produced from <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> and 34.6% from <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> Ranking 13th for total energy consumption per capita in 2009,<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> the state's energy costs were eighth-lowest in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oil,_gas,_and_coal">Oil, gas, and coal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Oil, gas, and coal">edit</a>]</div> As a whole, the oil energy industry contributes $35 billion to Oklahoma's gross domestic product (GDP), and employees of the state's oil-related companies earn an average of twice the state's typical yearly income.<a href="#cite_note-oerb2008-152">[149]</a> In 2009, the state had 83,700 commercial oil wells churning 65.374 million barrels (10,393,600 m3) of crude oil.<a href="#cite_note-okcorpcommish-165">[162]</a> A tabulated 8.5% of the nation's natural gas supply is held in Oklahoma, with 1.673 trillion cubic feet (47.4 km3) being produced in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-okcorpcommish-165">[162]</a> The Oklahoma Stack Play is a geographic referenced area in the Anadarko Basin. The oil field "Sooner Trend", Anadarko basin and the counties of Kingfisher and Canadian make up the basis for the "Oklahoma STACK". Other Plays such as the Eagle Ford are geological rather than geographical.<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> All of the Fortune 500 companies based in Oklahoma are energy-related, including some of the largest companies in the <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">petroleum industry</a> in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-Fortune_500-142">[139]</a> Tulsa's <a href="/wiki/ONEOK" class="mw-redirect" title="ONEOK">ONEOK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Williams_Companies" title="Williams Companies">Williams Companies</a> are the state's largest and second-largest companies respectively, also ranking as the nation's second- and third-largest companies in the field of energy, according to <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-Devon-167">[164]</a> Oklahoma Gas & Electric, commonly referred to as OG&E (NYSE: OGE) operates four base electric power plants in Oklahoma. Two of them are coal-fired power plants: one in <a href="/wiki/Muskogee,_Oklahoma" title="Muskogee, Oklahoma">Muskogee</a>, and the other in <a href="/wiki/Red_Rock,_Oklahoma" title="Red Rock, Oklahoma">Red Rock</a>. Two are gas-fired power plants: one in <a href="/wiki/Harrah,_Oklahoma" title="Harrah, Oklahoma">Harrah</a> and the other in <a href="/wiki/Konawa,_Oklahoma" title="Konawa, Oklahoma">Konawa</a>. OG&E was the first electric company in Oklahoma to generate electricity from wind farms in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-OG&E_Energy-168">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nuclear_power">Nuclear power</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Nuclear power">edit</a>]</div> Oklahoma had no operational nuclear power plants as of March 2021.<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> In 1973, the <a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Company_of_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Service Company of Oklahoma">Public Service Company of Oklahoma</a> proposed the <a href="/wiki/Black_Fox_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Black Fox Nuclear Power Plant">Black Fox Nuclear Power Plant</a> near <a href="/wiki/Inola,_Oklahoma" title="Inola, Oklahoma">Inola, Oklahoma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> Protestors disrupted project construction in 1979, several months after the <a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident" title="Three Mile Island accident">Three Mile Island accident</a>, and the project was cancelled in 1982 after nine years of legal challenges.<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wind_generation">Wind generation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Wind generation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Oklahoma" title="Wind power in Oklahoma">Wind power in Oklahoma</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Agriculture">edit</a>]</div> The 27th-most agriculturally productive state, Oklahoma is fifth in cattle production and fifth in production of wheat.<a href="#cite_note-agriculture-141">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-ag-173">[170]</a> Approximately 5.5 percent of American beef comes from Oklahoma, while the state produces 6.1 percent of American wheat, 4.2 percent of American pig products, and 2.2 percent of dairy products.<a href="#cite_note-agriculture-141">[138]</a> The state had 85,500 farms in 2012, collectively producing $4.3 billion in animal products and fewer than one billion dollars in crop output with more than $6.1 billion added to the state's gross domestic product.<a href="#cite_note-agriculture-141">[138]</a> Poultry and swine are its second- and third-largest agricultural industries.<a href="#cite_note-ag-173">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_Oklahoma" title="List of school districts in Oklahoma">List of school districts in Oklahoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Oklahoma" title="List of colleges and universities in Oklahoma">List of colleges and universities in Oklahoma</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seminary_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seminary_Hall.jpg/220px-Seminary_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seminary_Hall.jpg/330px-Seminary_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seminary_Hall.jpg/440px-Seminary_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2109" data-file-height="1659" /></a><figcaption>Oklahoma's system of public regional universities includes <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_State_University" title="Northeastern State University">Northeastern State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tahlequah,_Oklahoma" title="Tahlequah, Oklahoma">Tahlequah</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Oklahoma_July_2019_69_(Bizzell_Memorial_Library).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/University_of_Oklahoma_July_2019_69_%28Bizzell_Memorial_Library%29.jpg/220px-University_of_Oklahoma_July_2019_69_%28Bizzell_Memorial_Library%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/University_of_Oklahoma_July_2019_69_%28Bizzell_Memorial_Library%29.jpg/330px-University_of_Oklahoma_July_2019_69_%28Bizzell_Memorial_Library%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/University_of_Oklahoma_July_2019_69_%28Bizzell_Memorial_Library%29.jpg/440px-University_of_Oklahoma_July_2019_69_%28Bizzell_Memorial_Library%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bizzell_Memorial_Library" title="Bizzell Memorial Library">Bizzell Memorial Library</a>, the heart of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma" title="University of Oklahoma">University of Oklahoma</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman</a></figcaption></figure> With an educational system made up of <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">public school</a> districts and independent <a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">private institutions</a>, Oklahoma had 638,817 students enrolled in 1,845 public primary, secondary, and <a href="/wiki/Vocational_education" title="Vocational education">vocational</a> schools in 533 <a href="/wiki/School_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="School districts">school districts</a> as of 2008<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OK_Education-174">[171]</a> Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation with 126,078 students in the 2009–10 school year.<a href="#cite_note-NCES-175">[172]</a> Oklahoma spent $7,755 for each student in 2008, and was 47th in the nation in expenditures per student,<a href="#cite_note-OK_Education-174">[171]</a> though its growth of total education expenditures between 1992 and 2002 ranked 22nd.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> The state is among the best in <a href="/wiki/Pre-kindergarten" title="Pre-kindergarten">pre-kindergarten</a> education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it "a model for <a href="/wiki/Early_childhood_education" title="Early childhood education">early childhood schooling</a>".<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with <a href="/wiki/High_school_diploma" title="High school diploma">high school diplomas</a>, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among Southern states.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> According to a study conducted by the Pell Institute, Oklahoma ranks 48th in college-participation for low-income students.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma" title="University of Oklahoma">University of Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Tulsa" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Tulsa">The University of Tulsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_University" title="Oklahoma State University">Oklahoma State University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Oklahoma" title="University of Central Oklahoma">University of Central Oklahoma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_State_University" title="Northeastern State University">Northeastern State University</a> are the largest institutions of higher education in Oklahoma, each operating through one primary campus and satellite campuses throughout the state. The two state universities, along with <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_University" title="Oklahoma City University">Oklahoma City University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tulsa" title="University of Tulsa">University of Tulsa</a>, rank among the country's best universities.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_University_School_of_Law" title="Oklahoma City University School of Law">Oklahoma City University School of Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_College_of_Law" title="University of Oklahoma College of Law">University of Oklahoma College of Law</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tulsa_College_of_Law" title="University of Tulsa College of Law">University of Tulsa College of Law</a> are the state's only ABA-accredited institutions. Both University of Oklahoma and University of Tulsa are Tier 2 institutions, with the University of Oklahoma ranked 55th and the University of Tulsa ranked 120th in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> Oklahoma holds eleven public regional universities,<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_State_University" title="Northeastern State University">Northeastern State University</a>, the second-oldest institution of higher education west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NSU_demographics-185">[182]</a> also containing the only College of <a href="/wiki/Optometry" title="Optometry">Optometry</a> in Oklahoma<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> and the largest enrollment of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples of the United States">Native American</a> students in the nation by percentage and amount.<a href="#cite_note-NSU_demographics-185">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> <a href="/wiki/Langston_University" title="Langston University">Langston University</a> is Oklahoma's only historically black college. Six of the state's universities were placed in the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton Review">Princeton Review</a>'s list of best 122 regional colleges in 2007,<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> and three made the list of top colleges for best value. The state has 55 post-secondary technical institutions operated by <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Department_of_Career_and_Technology_Education" title="Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education">Oklahoma's CareerTech program</a> for training in specific fields of industry or trade.<a href="#cite_note-OK_Education-174">[171]</a> In the 2007–2008 school year, there were 181,973 undergraduate students, 20,014 graduate students, and 4,395 first-professional degree students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges. Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a master's degree, and 462 received a first professional degree. This means the state of Oklahoma produces an average of 38,278-degree-holders per completions component (i.e. July 1, 2007 – June 30, 2008). National average is 68,322 total degrees awarded per completions component.<a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> Beginning on April 2, 2018, tens of thousands of K–12 public school teachers <a href="/wiki/2018_Oklahoma_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 Oklahoma teachers' strike">went on strike</a> due to lack of funding. According to the National Education Association, teachers in Oklahoma had ranked 49th out of the 50 states in terms of teacher pay in 2016. The Oklahoma Legislature had passed a measure a week earlier to raise teacher salaries by $6,100, but it fell short of the $10,000 raise for teachers, $5,000 raise for other school employees, and $200 million increase in extra education funding many had sought.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> A survey in 2019 found that the pay raise obtained by the strike lifted the State's teacher pay ranking to 34th in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-English_education">Non-English education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Non-English education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cherokeeclass.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cherokeeclass.png/220px-Cherokeeclass.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cherokeeclass.png/330px-Cherokeeclass.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cherokeeclass.png/440px-Cherokeeclass.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Writing in <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee Nation</a> instigated a ten-year plan in 2005 that involved growing new speakers of the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee language</a> from childhood as well as speaking it exclusively at home.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> The plan was part of an ambitious goal that in fifty years would have at least 80% of their people fluent.<a href="#cite_note-preservation-193">[190]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Preservation_Foundation" title="Cherokee Preservation Foundation">Cherokee Preservation Foundation</a> has invested $3 million into opening schools, training teachers, and developing curricula for language education, as well as initiating community gatherings where the language can be actively used.<a href="#cite_note-preservation-193">[190]</a> A Cherokee language immersion school in <a href="/wiki/Tahlequah,_Oklahoma" title="Tahlequah, Oklahoma">Tahlequah, Oklahoma</a> educates students from pre-school through eighth grade.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pioneer_Woman_Statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pioneer_Woman_Statue.jpg/220px-Pioneer_Woman_Statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pioneer_Woman_Statue.jpg/330px-Pioneer_Woman_Statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pioneer_Woman_Statue.jpg/440px-Pioneer_Woman_Statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="1582" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Woman" title="Pioneer Woman">Pioneer Woman</a> statue in <a href="/wiki/Ponca_City,_Oklahoma" title="Ponca City, Oklahoma">Ponca City</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Bryant_Baker" title="Bryant Baker">Bryant Baker</a> (1930).</figcaption></figure> Oklahoma is placed in the South by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>,<a href="#cite_note-regdiv-11">[9]</a> but other definitions place the state at least partly in the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>,<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Upland_South" title="Upland South">Upland South</a>,<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> Oklahomans have a high rate of <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> ancestry,<a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> with 25 different Indigenous languages spoken in the state.<a href="#cite_note-languages-14">[12]</a> Because many American Indians were forced to move to <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian territory</a> (modern day Oklahoma) when <a href="/wiki/American_pioneer" title="American pioneer">American settlement</a> within North America had increased, Oklahoma has much linguistic diversity. Mary Linn, an associate professor of anthropology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma" title="University of Oklahoma">University of Oklahoma</a> and the associate curator of Native American languages at the <a href="/wiki/Sam_Noble_Oklahoma_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History">Sam Noble Museum</a>, notes Oklahoma also has high levels of language endangerment.<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> Sixty-seven Native American tribes and bands are represented in Oklahoma,<a href="#cite_note-OK_History-27">[25]</a> including 38 <a href="/wiki/Federally_recognized_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Federally recognized tribes">federally recognized tribes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> who are headquartered and have <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Tribal_Statistical_Area" title="Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area">tribal jurisdictional areas</a> or <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian reservations">Indian reservations</a> in the state.<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> Native American tribes, Western ranchers, Southern settlers, and Eastern oil barons have shaped the state's cultural predisposition, and its largest cities have been named among the most underrated cultural destinations in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> Residents of Oklahoma are associated with traits of <a href="/wiki/Southern_hospitality" title="Southern hospitality">Southern hospitality</a>—the 2006 Catalogue for Philanthropy (with data from 2004) ranks Oklahomans 7th in the nation for overall generosity.<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> The state has also been associated with a negative cultural <a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">stereotype</a> first popularized by <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>'s 1939 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="The Grapes of Wrath">The Grapes of Wrath</a>, which described the plight of uneducated, poverty-stricken Dust Bowl-era farmers deemed "<a href="/wiki/Okie" title="Okie">Okies</a>".<a href="#cite_note-okies-204">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a> While the term is often used in a positive manner by Oklahomans,<a href="#cite_note-okies-204">[201]</a> it is still considered a derogatory term by many.<a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Arts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_artists_from_Oklahoma" title="List of Native American artists from Oklahoma">List of Native American artists from Oklahoma</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philbrook_Museum_of_Art,_and_gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Philbrook_Museum_of_Art%2C_and_gardens.jpg/250px-Philbrook_Museum_of_Art%2C_and_gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Philbrook_Museum_of_Art%2C_and_gardens.jpg/375px-Philbrook_Museum_of_Art%2C_and_gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Philbrook_Museum_of_Art%2C_and_gardens.jpg/500px-Philbrook_Museum_of_Art%2C_and_gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philbrook_Museum_of_Art" title="Philbrook Museum of Art">Philbrook Museum of Art</a>, one of the nation's top fifty<a href="#cite_note-philbrook-207">[204]</a></figcaption></figure> In the state's largest urban areas, pockets of <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> culture flourish,<a href="#cite_note-ok_arts-208">[205]</a> and <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican American</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian American</a> communities produce music and art of their respective cultures.<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> The Oklahoma Mozart Festival in <a href="/wiki/Bartlesville" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartlesville">Bartlesville</a> is one of the largest classical music festivals on the Southern Plains,<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> and Oklahoma City's Festival of the Arts has been named one of the top fine arts festivals in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-ok_arts-208">[205]</a> The state has a rich history in ballet with five Native American ballerinas attaining worldwide fame. These were <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Chouteau" title="Yvonne Chouteau">Yvonne Chouteau</a>, sisters <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Tallchief" title="Marjorie Tallchief">Marjorie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosella_Hightower" title="Rosella Hightower">Rosella Hightower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscelyne_Larkin" title="Moscelyne Larkin">Moscelyne Larkin</a>, known collectively as the <a href="/wiki/Five_Moons" title="Five Moons">Five Moons</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> rates the <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Ballet" title="Tulsa Ballet">Tulsa Ballet</a> as one of the top ballet companies in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-ok_arts-208">[205]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Ballet" title="Oklahoma City Ballet">Oklahoma City Ballet</a> and University of Oklahoma's dance program were formed by ballerina Yvonne Chouteau and husband <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Terekhov" title="Miguel Terekhov">Miguel Terekhov</a>. The university program was founded in 1962 and was the first fully accredited program of its kind in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Sand_Springs,_Oklahoma" title="Sand Springs, Oklahoma">Sand Springs</a>, an outdoor amphitheater called "Discoveryland!" (since closed) is the official performance headquarters for the musical <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!" title="Oklahoma!">Oklahoma!</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ridge_Bond" title="Ridge Bond">Ridge Bond</a>, native of <a href="/wiki/McAlester,_Oklahoma" title="McAlester, Oklahoma">McAlester, Oklahoma</a>,<a href="#cite_note-tulsaworld.com-214">[211]</a> starred in the <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> and International touring productions of Oklahoma!,<a href="#cite_note-digital.library.okstate.edu-215">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> playing the role of "Curly McClain" in more than 2,600 performances.<a href="#cite_note-digital.library.okstate.edu-215">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-okhistory.org-219">[216]</a> In 1953 he was featured along with the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!" title="Oklahoma!">Oklahoma!</a> cast on a <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> <a href="/wiki/Omnibus_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnibus (U.S. TV series)">Omnibus</a> television broadcast.<a href="#cite_note-okhistory.org-219">[216]</a> Bond was instrumental in the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_(Rodgers_and_Hammerstein_song)" title="Oklahoma (Rodgers and Hammerstein song)">Oklahoma! title song</a> becoming the Oklahoma state song<a href="#cite_note-tulsaworld.com-214">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> and is also featured on the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamp</a> commemorating the musical's 50th anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-digital.library.okstate.edu-215">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> Historically, the state has produced musical styles such as <a href="/wiki/The_Tulsa_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tulsa Sound">The Tulsa Sound</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">western swing</a>, which was popularized at <a href="/wiki/Cain%27s_Ballroom" title="Cain's Ballroom">Cain's Ballroom</a> in Tulsa. The building, known as the "Carnegie Hall of Western Swing",<a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> served as the performance headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills">Bob Wills</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Playboys" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Playboys">Texas Playboys</a> during the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> Stillwater is known as the epicenter of <a href="/wiki/Red_Dirt_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Dirt (music)">Red Dirt</a> music, the best-known proponent of which is the late <a href="/wiki/Bob_Childers" title="Bob Childers">Bob Childers</a>. Prominent theatre companies in Oklahoma include, in the capital city, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyric_Theatre_of_Oklahoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyric Theatre of Oklahoma (page does not exist)">Lyric Theatre of Oklahoma</a>, Oklahoma City Theatre Company, Carpenter Square Theatre, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Shakespeare_in_the_Park" title="Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park">Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park</a>, and CityRep. CityRep is a professional company affording equity points to those performers and technical theatre professionals. In Tulsa, Oklahoma's oldest resident professional company is American Theatre Company, and <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Tulsa" title="Theatre Tulsa">Theatre Tulsa</a> is the oldest <a href="/wiki/Community_theatre" title="Community theatre">community theatre</a> company west of the Mississippi. Other companies in Tulsa include <a href="/wiki/Heller_Theatre" title="Heller Theatre">Heller Theatre</a> and Tulsa Spotlight Theater. The cities of Norman, Lawton, and Stillwater, among others, also host well-reviewed community theatre companies. Oklahoma is in the nation's middle percentile in per capita spending on the arts, ranking 17th, and contains more than 300 museums.<a href="#cite_note-ok_arts-208">[205]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Philbrook_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Philbrook Museum">Philbrook Museum</a> of Tulsa is considered one of the top 50 <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine art</a> museums in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-philbrook-207">[204]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sam_Noble_Oklahoma_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History">Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History</a> in Norman, one of the largest university-based art and history museums in the country, documents the natural history of the region.<a href="#cite_note-ok_arts-208">[205]</a> The collections of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gilcrease" title="Thomas Gilcrease">Thomas Gilcrease</a> are housed in the <a href="/wiki/Gilcrease_Museum" title="Gilcrease Museum">Gilcrease Museum</a> of Tulsa, which also holds the world's largest, most comprehensive collection of art and artifacts of the American West.<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> The Egyptian art collection at the <a href="/wiki/Mabee-Gerrer_Museum_of_Art" title="Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art">Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art</a> in Shawnee is considered to be the finest Egyptian collection between <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> and Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Museum_of_Art" title="Oklahoma City Museum of Art">Oklahoma City Museum of Art</a> contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist <a href="/wiki/Dale_Chihuly" title="Dale Chihuly">Dale Chihuly</a> in the world,<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> and Oklahoma City's <a href="/wiki/National_Cowboy_%26_Western_Heritage_Museum" title="National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum">National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum</a> documents the heritage of the American Western frontier.<a href="#cite_note-ok_arts-208">[205]</a> With remnants of the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a> and artifacts relevant to Judaism, the Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa preserves the largest collection of Jewish art in the Southwest United States.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals_and_events">Festivals and events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Festivals and events">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oklahoma_Renaissance_Festival_2017_(36083692782).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Oklahoma_Renaissance_Festival_2017_%2836083692782%29.jpg/220px-Oklahoma_Renaissance_Festival_2017_%2836083692782%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Oklahoma_Renaissance_Festival_2017_%2836083692782%29.jpg/330px-Oklahoma_Renaissance_Festival_2017_%2836083692782%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Oklahoma_Renaissance_Festival_2017_%2836083692782%29.jpg/440px-Oklahoma_Renaissance_Festival_2017_%2836083692782%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3285" data-file-height="4308" /></a><figcaption>Oklahoma <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> Festival, 2017</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oklahoma_Regatta_Festival.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Oklahoma_Regatta_Festival.jpg/220px-Oklahoma_Regatta_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Oklahoma_Regatta_Festival.jpg/330px-Oklahoma_Regatta_Festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Oklahoma_Regatta_Festival.jpg/440px-Oklahoma_Regatta_Festival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1119" /></a><figcaption>Oklahoma <a href="/wiki/Regatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatta">Regatta</a> Festival on the <a href="/wiki/North_Canadian_River" title="North Canadian River">North Canadian River</a>, 2012 </figcaption></figure> Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the <a href="/wiki/American_Bus_Association" title="American Bus Association">American Bus Association</a>,<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> and consisted of multiple celebrations saving with the 100th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">statehood</a> on November 16, 2007. Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as ceremonial events, include festivals (as examples) in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Americans" title="Czech Americans">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a> and African-American communities depicting cultural heritage or traditions. Oklahoma City is home to a few reoccurring events and festivals. During a ten-day run in Oklahoma City, the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Fair" title="Oklahoma State Fair">State Fair of Oklahoma</a> attracts roughly one million people<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> along with the annual Festival of the Arts. Such as various Latin American and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Asia" title="Culture of Asia">Asian</a> heritage festivals, and cultural festivals such as the <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a> celebrations are held in Oklahoma City each year. The Oklahoma City <a href="/wiki/Pride_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Pride Parade">Pride Parade</a> has been held annually in late June since 1987 in the gay district of Oklahoma City on <a href="/wiki/NW_39th_Street_Enclave" title="NW 39th Street Enclave">39th and Penn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a> The First Friday Art Walk in the <a href="/wiki/Paseo_Arts_District" title="Paseo Arts District">Paseo Arts District</a> is an art appreciation festival held the first Friday of every month.<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> Additionally, an annual art festival is held in the Paseo on Memorial Day Weekend.<a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_State_Fair" title="Tulsa State Fair">Tulsa State Fair</a> attracts more than a million people each year during its ten-day run,<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> and the city's Mayfest festival entertained more than 375,000 in four days during 2007.<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a> In 2006, Tulsa's <a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest" title="Oktoberfest">Oktoberfest</a> was named one of the top 10 in the world by <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. Norman plays host to the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Music_Festival" title="Norman Music Festival">Norman Music Festival</a>, a festival that highlights native Oklahoma bands and musicians. Norman is also host to the Medieval Fair of Norman, which has been held annually since 1976 and was Oklahoma's first medieval fair. The Fair was held first on the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus and in the third year moved to the Duck Pond in Norman until the Fair became too big and moved to Reaves Park in 2003. The Medieval Fair of Norman is Oklahoma's "largest weekend event and the third-largest event in Oklahoma, and was selected by Events Media Network as one of the top 100 events in the nation".<a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Vacant_Era_Film_Festival" title="Vacant Era Film Festival">Vacant Era Film Festival</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Thunder" title="Oklahoma City Thunder">Oklahoma City Thunder</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA) is the state's only <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">major league sports franchise</a>. The state had a team in the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Women's National Basketball Association</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Shock" title="Tulsa Shock">Tulsa Shock</a>, from 2010 through 2015, but the team relocated to <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth</a> after that season<a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a> and became the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Wings" title="Dallas Wings">Dallas Wings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a> Oklahoma has teams in several minor leagues, including <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">Triple-A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Double-A_(baseball)" title="Double-A (baseball)">Double-A</a> levels (the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Comets" title="Oklahoma City Comets">Oklahoma City Comets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Drillers" title="Tulsa Drillers">Tulsa Drillers</a>, respectively), hockey's <a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Oilers" title="Tulsa Oilers">Tulsa Oilers</a>, and a number of indoor football leagues. In the last-named sport, the state's most notable team was the <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Talons" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsa Talons">Tulsa Talons</a>, which played in the <a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League" title="Arena Football League">Arena Football League</a> until 2012, when the team was moved to <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Defenders" title="Oklahoma Defenders">Oklahoma Defenders</a> replaced the Talons as Tulsa's only professional arena football team, playing the <a href="/wiki/CPIFL" class="mw-redirect" title="CPIFL">CPIFL</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Blue" title="Oklahoma City Blue">Oklahoma City Blue</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a>, relocated to Oklahoma City from Tulsa in 2014, where they were formerly known as the Tulsa 66ers. Tulsa is the base for the <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Revolution" title="Tulsa Revolution">Tulsa Revolution</a>, which plays in the <a href="/wiki/American_Indoor_Soccer_League" title="American Indoor Soccer League">American Indoor Soccer League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a> Enid and Lawton host professional basketball teams in the <a href="/wiki/USBL" class="mw-redirect" title="USBL">USBL</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Basketball_Association" title="Continental Basketball Association">CBA</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OKC_Thunder.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/OKC_Thunder.JPG/220px-OKC_Thunder.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/OKC_Thunder.JPG/330px-OKC_Thunder.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/OKC_Thunder.JPG/440px-OKC_Thunder.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Thunder" title="Oklahoma City Thunder">Oklahoma City Thunder</a> moved there in 2008, becoming its first permanent major-league team in any sport.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/College_athletics_in_the_United_States" title="College athletics in the United States">Collegiate athletics</a> are a popular draw in the state. The state has four schools that compete at the highest level of college sports, <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Sooners" title="Oklahoma Sooners">Oklahoma Sooners</a> participate in the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Conference" title="Southeastern Conference">Southeastern Conference</a>,<a href="#cite_note-239">[236]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Cowboys_and_Cowgirls" title="Oklahoma State Cowboys and Cowgirls">Oklahoma State Cowboys and Cowgirls</a> participate in the <a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12 Conference</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[237]</a> The Big 12 and SEC are two of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Power_Five_conferences" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Five conferences">Power Four conferences</a> of the top tier of college football, <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Bowl_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision">Division I FBS</a>. The Sooners and Cowboys average well over 50,000 fans attending their football games, and Oklahoma's football program ranked 12th in attendance among American colleges in 2010, with an average of 84,738 people attending its home games.<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a> The two universities meet several times each year in rivalry matches known as the <a href="/wiki/Bedlam_Series" title="Bedlam Series">Bedlam Series</a>, which are some of the greatest sporting draws to the state. <a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a> magazine rates Oklahoma and Oklahoma State among the top colleges for athletics in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-top_sports-242">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[240]</a> Two private institutions in Tulsa, the <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Golden_Hurricane" title="Tulsa Golden Hurricane">University of Tulsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oral_Roberts_Golden_Eagles" title="Oral Roberts Golden Eagles">Oral Roberts University</a>; are also Division I members. Tulsa competes in FBS football and other sports in the <a href="/wiki/American_Athletic_Conference" title="American Athletic Conference">American Athletic Conference</a>,<a href="#cite_note-244">[241]</a> while Oral Roberts, which does not sponsor football,<a href="#cite_note-245">[242]</a> is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Summit_League" title="Summit League">Summit League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[243]</a> In addition, 12 of the state's smaller colleges and universities compete in <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II" title="NCAA Division II">NCAA Division II</a> as members of three different conferences,<a href="#cite_note-247">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[246]</a> and eight other Oklahoma institutions participate in the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics">NAIA</a>, mostly within the <a href="/wiki/Sooner_Athletic_Conference" title="Sooner Athletic Conference">Sooner Athletic Conference</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[247]</a> Regular <a href="/wiki/LPGA" title="LPGA">LPGA</a> tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_major_golf_championships" title="Men's major golf championships">major championships</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Professional_Golfers%27_Association_of_America" title="Professional Golfers' Association of America">PGA</a> or LPGA have been played at <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hills_Country_Club" title="Southern Hills Country Club">Southern Hills Country Club</a> in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa.<a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a> Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted five <a href="/wiki/PGA_Championship" title="PGA Championship">PGA Championships</a>, including one in 2022, and three <a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_(golf)" title="U.S. Open (golf)">U.S. Opens</a>, the most recent in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-252">[249]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">Rodeos</a> are popular throughout the state, and <a href="/wiki/Guymon,_Oklahoma" title="Guymon, Oklahoma">Guymon</a>, in the state's panhandle, hosts one of the largest in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-253">[250]</a> <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a> called Oklahoma City "the center of the <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softball</a> universe", specifically referring to the fast-pitch version, in a 2020 story. <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> is home to the governing body of the sport in the United States, <a href="/wiki/USA_Softball" title="USA Softball">USA Softball</a>, which has its headquarters in a complex that also includes <a href="/wiki/Devon_Park_(stadium)" title="Devon Park (stadium)">Devon Park</a>. It annually hosts the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_College_World_Series" title="Women's College World Series">Women's College World Series</a>, the eight-team final round of the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_softball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I softball tournament">NCAA Division I softball tournament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[251]</a> Devon Park will host softball at the <a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Summer Olympics</a>, and the Riversport OKC complex will host canoe slalom at the Games.<a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a> <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_wrestling" title="Collegiate wrestling">College wrestling</a> has strong tradition in Oklahoma. <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Cowboys_wrestling" title="Oklahoma State Cowboys wrestling">Oklahoma State</a> has the most <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Wrestling_Championships" title="NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships">NCAA</a> national championships of any <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_wrestling" title="Collegiate wrestling">collegiate team</a> with 34, with the Oklahoma Sooners having 7 NCAA wrestling titles. The <a href="/wiki/National_Wrestling_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum">National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum</a> is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Stillwater,_Oklahoma" title="Stillwater, Oklahoma">Stillwater</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Teqball" title="Teqball">teqball</a> competition was held in <a href="/wiki/Tulsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsa">Tulsa</a> June 14–16, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_professional_teams">Current professional teams</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Current professional teams">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Basketball </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>Type</th> <th>League</th> <th>Venue</th> <th>City</th> <th>Area (Metro/Region) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Thunder" title="Oklahoma City Thunder">Oklahoma City Thunder</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Men's Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paycom_Center" title="Paycom Center">Paycom Center</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_metropolitan_area" title="Oklahoma City metropolitan area">OKC Metro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Blue" title="Oklahoma City Blue">Oklahoma City Blue</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Men's Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paycom_Center" title="Paycom Center">Paycom Center</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_metropolitan_area" title="Oklahoma City metropolitan area">OKC Metro</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Baseball </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>Type</th> <th>League</th> <th>Venue</th> <th>City</th> <th>Area (Metro/Region) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Comets" title="Oklahoma City Comets">Oklahoma City Comets</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League" title="Pacific Coast League">PCL</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">Triple-A</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_Bricktown_Ballpark" title="Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark">Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_metropolitan_area" title="Oklahoma City metropolitan area">OKC Metro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Drillers" title="Tulsa Drillers">Tulsa Drillers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Double-A_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-A Central">DAC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Double-A_(baseball)" title="Double-A (baseball)">Double-A</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ONEOK_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="ONEOK Field">ONEOK Field</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsa">Tulsa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_metropolitan_area" title="Tulsa metropolitan area">Tulsa Metro</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Hockey </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>Type</th> <th>League</th> <th>Venue</th> <th>City</th> <th>Area (Metro/Region) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Oilers" title="Tulsa Oilers">Tulsa Oilers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BOK_Center" title="BOK Center">BOK Center</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsa">Tulsa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_metropolitan_area" title="Tulsa metropolitan area">Tulsa Metro</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Football </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>Type</th> <th>League</th> <th>Venue</th> <th>City</th> <th>Area (Metro/Region) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Flying_Aces" title="Oklahoma Flying Aces">Oklahoma Flying Aces</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indoor_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor American football">Indoor Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Champions_Indoor_Football" title="Champions Indoor Football">CIF</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stride_Bank_Center" title="Stride Bank Center">Stride Bank Center</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enid,_Oklahoma" title="Enid, Oklahoma">Enid</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Thunder" title="Oklahoma Thunder">Oklahoma Thunder</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gridiron_Developmental_Football_League" title="Gridiron Developmental Football League">GDFL</a> </td> <td>Bixby High School </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bixby,_Oklahoma" title="Bixby, Oklahoma">Bixby</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_metropolitan_area" title="Tulsa metropolitan area">Tulsa Metro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma_City_Bounty_Hunters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oklahoma City Bounty Hunters (page does not exist)">Oklahoma City Bounty Hunters</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gridiron_Developmental_Football_League" title="Gridiron Developmental Football League">GDFL</a> </td> <td>Putnam City Stadium </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warr_Acres,_Oklahoma" title="Warr Acres, Oklahoma">Warr Acres</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_metropolitan_area" title="Oklahoma City metropolitan area">OKC Metro</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Soccer </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>Type</th> <th>League</th> <th>Venue</th> <th>City</th> <th>Area (Metro/Region) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FC_Tulsa" title="FC Tulsa">FC Tulsa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Men's Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Soccer_League" title="United Soccer League">USL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ONEOK_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="ONEOK Field">ONEOK Field</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsa">Tulsa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_metropolitan_area" title="Tulsa metropolitan area">Tulsa Metro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Spirit" title="Tulsa Spirit">Tulsa Spirit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Women's Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Premier_Soccer_League" title="Women's Premier Soccer League">WPSL</a> </td> <td>Union 8th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Broken_Arrow,_Oklahoma" title="Broken Arrow, Oklahoma">Broken Arrow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_metropolitan_area" title="Tulsa metropolitan area">Tulsa Metro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_FC_(WPSL)" title="Oklahoma City FC (WPSL)">Oklahoma City FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Women's Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Premier_Soccer_League" title="Women's Premier Soccer League">WPSL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yukon_High_School" title="Yukon High School">Miller Stadium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_metropolitan_area" title="Oklahoma City metropolitan area">OKC Metro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma City Energy">Oklahoma City Energy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Men's Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Soccer_League" title="United Soccer League">USL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taft_Stadium" title="Taft Stadium">Taft Stadium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_metropolitan_area" title="Oklahoma City metropolitan area">OKC Metro</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Rugby </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>Type</th> <th>League</th> <th>Venue</th> <th>City</th> <th>Area (Metro/Region) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tulsa_Rugby_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tulsa Rugby Club (page does not exist)">Tulsa Rugby Club</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Men's Rugby</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_II_Rugby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division II Rugby (page does not exist)">Division II Rugby</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverside_Pitch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riverside Pitch (page does not exist)">Riverside Pitch</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsa">Tulsa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_metropolitan_area" title="Tulsa metropolitan area">Tulsa Metro</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tulsacancertreatmentcenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tulsacancertreatmentcenter.jpg/220px-Tulsacancertreatmentcenter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tulsacancertreatmentcenter.jpg/330px-Tulsacancertreatmentcenter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tulsacancertreatmentcenter.jpg/440px-Tulsacancertreatmentcenter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Cancer Treatment Centers of America at Southwestern Regional Medical Center, Tulsa</figcaption></figure> Oklahoma was the 21st-largest recipient of medical funding from the federal government in 2005, with health-related federal expenditures in the state totaling $75,801,364; <a href="/wiki/Immunization" title="Immunization">immunizations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">bioterrorism</a> preparedness, and health education were the top three most funded medical items.<a href="#cite_note-oklahoma_health_2-258">[255]</a> Instances of major diseases are near the national average in Oklahoma, and the state ranks at or slightly above the rest of the country in percentage of people with <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes</a>, cancer, and <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a>.<a href="#cite_note-oklahoma_health_2-258">[255]</a> In 2000, Oklahoma ranked 45th in physicians per capita and slightly below the national average in nurses per capita, but was slightly above the national average in hospital beds per 100,000 people and above the national average in net growth of health services over a twelve-year period.<a href="#cite_note-259">[256]</a> One of the worst states for percentage of insured people, nearly 25 percent of Oklahomans between the age of 18 and 64 did not have health insurance in 2005, the fifth-highest rate in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-260">[257]</a> Oklahomans are in the upper half of Americans in terms of <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a> prevalence, and the state is the 5th most obese in the nation, with 30.3 percent of its population at or near obesity.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma_Health-261">[258]</a> Oklahoma ranked last among the 50 states in a 2007 study by the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Fund" title="Commonwealth Fund">Commonwealth Fund</a> on health care performance.<a href="#cite_note-262">[259]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Health_Sciences_Center" title="University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center">OU Medical Center</a>, Oklahoma's largest collection of hospitals, is the only hospital in the state designated a Level I <a href="/wiki/Trauma_center" title="Trauma center">trauma center</a> by the <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Surgeons" title="American College of Surgeons">American College of Surgeons</a>. OU Medical Center is on the grounds of the Oklahoma Health Center in Oklahoma City, the state's largest concentration of medical research facilities.<a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[261]</a> The Cancer Treatment Centers of America at Southwestern Regional Medical Center in Tulsa is one of four such regional facilities nationwide, offering cancer treatment to the entire southwestern United States, and is one of the largest cancer treatment hospitals in the country.<a href="#cite_note-265">[262]</a> The largest <a href="/wiki/Osteopathic_medicine_in_the_United_States" title="Osteopathic medicine in the United States">osteopathic</a> teaching facility in the nation, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_University_Medical_Center" title="Oklahoma State University Medical Center">Oklahoma State University Medical Center</a> at Tulsa, also rates as one of the largest facilities in the field of <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a>.<a href="#cite_note-266">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[264]</a> On June 26, 2018, Oklahoma made <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">marijuana legal for medical purposes</a>, making it one of the most conservative states to approve medical marijuana.<a href="#cite_note-268">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_expectancy">Life expectancy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Life expectancy">edit</a>]</div> The residents of Oklahoma have <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">a lower life expectancy</a> than the U.S. national average. In 2014, males in Oklahoma lived an average of 73.7 years compared to a male national average of 76.7 years and females lived an average of 78.5 years compared to a female national average of 81.5 years. Moreover, increases in life expectancy have been below the national average. Male life expectancy in Oklahoma between 1980 and 2014, increased by an average of 4.0 years, compared to a male national average of a 6.7 year increase. Life expectancy for females in Oklahoma between 1980 and 2014, increased by 1.0 years, compared to a female national average of a 4.0 year increase.<a href="#cite_note-269">[266]</a> Using 2016–2018 data, the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation</a> calculated that life expectancy (all sexes) for Oklahoma counties ranged from 71.2 years for <a href="/wiki/Okfuskee_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Okfuskee County">Okfuskee County</a> to 79.7 years for <a href="/wiki/Cimarron_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Cimarron County">Cimarron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Oklahoma" title="Logan County, Oklahoma">Logan</a> counties. Life expectancy for the state as a whole was 76.0 years.<a href="#cite_note-Robert_Wood_Johnson-270">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_of_Covid">Impact of Covid</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Impact of Covid">edit</a>]</div> As of December 22, 2022, Oklahoma has been impacted more by the <a href="/wiki/Covid_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Covid pandemic">Covid pandemic</a> (2020–2023) than the average U.S. state. Statistics for the U.S. as a whole are 331 deaths per 100,000 population with 68 percent of the population fully vaccinated. The comparable statistics for Oklahoma are 405 deaths per 100,000 population with 59 percent of the population fully vaccinated; 16,041 deaths from Covid have been recorded in Oklahoma. A wide variation in deaths from Covid exists among Oklahoma counties. <a href="/wiki/Greer_County,_Oklahoma" title="Greer County, Oklahoma">Greer County</a> recorded the highest death rate of .00753 (753 deaths per 100,000 residents). <a href="/wiki/Payne_County,_Oklahoma" title="Payne County, Oklahoma">Payne County</a> recorded the lowest death rate of .00231 (231 deaths per 100,000 residents).<a href="#cite_note-Tracking_Coronavirus-271">[268]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Oklahoma" title="List of newspapers in Oklahoma">List of newspapers in Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Oklahoma" title="List of radio stations in Oklahoma">List of radio stations in Oklahoma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Oklahoma" title="List of television stations in Oklahoma">List of television stations in Oklahoma</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tulsa_World_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tulsa_World_Office.jpg/220px-Tulsa_World_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tulsa_World_Office.jpg/330px-Tulsa_World_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tulsa_World_Office.jpg/440px-Tulsa_World_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1602" /></a><figcaption>The second-largest newspaper in Oklahoma, the Tulsa World, has a circulation of 189,789.<a href="#cite_note-world-272">[269]</a></figcaption></figure> Oklahoma City and Tulsa are the 45th- and 61st-largest <a href="/wiki/Media_market" title="Media market">media markets</a> in the United States as ranked by <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Media_Research" title="Nielsen Media Research">Nielsen Media Research</a>. The state's third-largest media market, Lawton-<a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls, Texas</a>, is ranked 149th nationally by the agency.<a href="#cite_note-273">[270]</a> <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">Broadcast television</a> in Oklahoma began in 1949 when <a href="/wiki/KFOR-TV" title="KFOR-TV">KFOR-TV</a> (then WKY-TV) in Oklahoma City and <a href="/wiki/KOTV-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="KOTV-TV">KOTV-TV</a> in Tulsa began broadcasting a few months apart.<a href="#cite_note-274">[271]</a> Currently, all major American <a href="/wiki/Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">broadcast networks</a> have affiliated television stations in the state.<a href="#cite_note-275">[272]</a> The state has two primary newspapers. <a href="/wiki/The_Oklahoman" title="The Oklahoman">The Oklahoman</a>, based in Oklahoma City, is the largest newspaper in the state and 54th-largest in the nation by circulation, with a weekday readership of 138,493 and a Sunday readership of 202,690. The <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_World" title="Tulsa World">Tulsa World</a>, the second-most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 79th in the nation, holds a Sunday circulation of 132,969 and a weekday readership of 93,558.<a href="#cite_note-world-272">[269]</a> Oklahoma's first newspaper was established in 1844, called the Cherokee Advocate, and was written in both <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a> and English.<a href="#cite_note-ok_newspapers-276">[273]</a> In 2006, there were more than 220 newspapers in the state, including 177 with weekly publications and 48 with daily publications.<a href="#cite_note-ok_newspapers-276">[273]</a> The state's first radio station, <a href="/wiki/WKY" title="WKY">WKY</a> in Oklahoma City, began broadcasting in 1920.<a href="#cite_note-277">[274]</a> In 2006, there were more than 500 radio stations in Oklahoma broadcasting with various local or nationally owned networks. Five universities in Oklahoma operate non-commercial, public radio stations/networks.<a href="#cite_note-278">[275]</a> Oklahoma has a few ethnic-oriented TV stations broadcasting in Spanish and <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> languages, and there is some Native American programming. <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">TBN</a>, a Christian religious television network, has a studio in Tulsa, and built its first entirely TBN-owned affiliate in Oklahoma City in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-279">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National-atlas-oklahoma.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/National-atlas-oklahoma.PNG/550px-National-atlas-oklahoma.PNG" decoding="async" width="550" height="420" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/National-atlas-oklahoma.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Road network and waterways of Oklahoma from the 1970 edition of the <a href="/wiki/National_Atlas" class="mw-redirect" title="National Atlas">National Atlas</a></figcaption></figure> Transportation in Oklahoma is generated by an anchor system of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">inter-city rail</a> lines, airports, <a href="/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">inland ports</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">mass transit</a> networks. Situated along an integral point in the United States Interstate network, Oklahoma contains three <a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways" title="List of Interstate Highways">primary Interstate highways</a> and four <a href="/wiki/List_of_auxiliary_Interstate_Highways" title="List of auxiliary Interstate Highways">auxiliary Interstate Highways</a>. In Oklahoma City, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35" title="Interstate 35">Interstate 35</a> intersects with <a href="/wiki/Interstate_44" title="Interstate 44">Interstate 44</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_40" title="Interstate 40">Interstate 40</a>, forming one of the most important intersections along the United States highway system.<a href="#cite_note-roads_okla-280">[277]</a> More than 12,000 miles (19,000 km) of roads make up the state's major highway skeleton, including state-operated highways, ten <a href="/wiki/Turnpikes_of_Oklahoma" title="Turnpikes of Oklahoma">turnpikes</a> or major toll roads,<a href="#cite_note-roads_okla-280">[277]</a> and the longest drivable stretch of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66_in_Oklahoma" title="U.S. Route 66 in Oklahoma">Route 66</a> in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-281">[278]</a> In 2008, Interstate 44 in Oklahoma City was Oklahoma's busiest highway, with a daily traffic volume of 123,300 cars.<a href="#cite_note-282">[279]</a> In 2010, the state had the nation's third-highest number of bridges classified as structurally deficient, with nearly 5,212 bridges in disrepair, including 235 National Highway System Bridges.<a href="#cite_note-283">[280]</a> Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is <a href="/wiki/Will_Rogers_World_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Will Rogers World Airport">Will Rogers World Airport</a> in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-284">[281]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_International_Airport" title="Tulsa International Airport">Tulsa International Airport</a>, the state's second-largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-285">[282]</a> Between the two, six airlines operate in Oklahoma.<a href="#cite_note-286">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[284]</a> In terms of traffic, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lloyd_Jones_Jr._Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Lloyd Jones Jr. Airport">R. L. Jones Jr. (Riverside) Airport</a> in Tulsa is the state's busiest airport, with 335,826 takeoffs and landings in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-288">[285]</a> Oklahoma has more than 150 public-use airports.<a href="#cite_note-289">[286]</a> Oklahoma is connected to the nation's rail network via <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Heartland_Flyer" title="Heartland Flyer">Heartland Flyer</a>, its only regional passenger rail line. It currently stretches from <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a>. Lawmakers began seeking funding in early 2007 to connect the Heartland Flyer to <a href="/wiki/Tulsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsa">Tulsa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-290">[287]</a> but nothing came of this. In June 2023, following studies and negotiations, Oklahoma and Kansas state officials began seeking federal approval and funding to extend the Heartland Flyer from Oklahoma City to <a href="/wiki/Newton,_Kansas" title="Newton, Kansas">Newton, Kansas</a>. The two locations are currently connected by an Amtrak Thruway Bus route that includes a stop in <a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Newton-291">[288]</a> In November 2023, KDOT said the service would start in 2029 if approved, but could begin sooner were the project to be fast tracked.<a href="#cite_note-292">[289]</a> Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Muskogee" title="Port of Muskogee">Port of Muskogee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Port_of_Catoosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsa Port of Catoosa">Tulsa Port of Catoosa</a>. The Tulsa Port of Catoosa is one of the United States' most inland international ports, at head of navigation of the <a href="/wiki/McClellan%E2%80%93Kerr_Arkansas_River_Navigation_System" title="McClellan–Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System">McClellan–Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System</a>, which connects <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barge</a> traffic from Tulsa and Muskogee to the Mississippi River.<a href="#cite_note-Tulsa_Port_News-293">[290]</a> The port ships over two million tons of goods annually and is a designated <a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">foreign trade zone</a>. <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="border:1px #aaa solid; width:50em; margin:0.2em auto"> <tbody><tr> <th>Local transit map </th></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:1002px"><div style="position:relative;width:1000px;border:1px solid lightgray"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Oklahoma_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oklahoma is located in Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma is located in Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/USA_Oklahoma_location_map.svg/1000px-USA_Oklahoma_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="507" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/USA_Oklahoma_location_map.svg/1500px-USA_Oklahoma_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/USA_Oklahoma_location_map.svg/2000px-USA_Oklahoma_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="760" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.253%;left:53.392%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><img alt="Lawton Area Transit System" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Lawton_Area_Transit_System" title="Lawton Area Transit System">Lawton Area Transit System</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.581%;left:80.07%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><img alt="Tulsa Transit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Tulsa_Transit_Authority" title="Metropolitan Tulsa Transit Authority">Tulsa Transit</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.234%;left:68.099%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><img alt="The Bus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/The_Bus_(Stillwater)" title="The Bus (Stillwater)">The Bus</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.174%;left:86.99%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><img alt="Muskogee County Transit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:11px"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muskogee_County_Transit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muskogee County Transit (page does not exist)">Muskogee County Transit</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.471%;left:87.574%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><img alt="Pelivan Transit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelivan_Transit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelivan Transit (page does not exist)">Pelivan Transit</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.917%;left:91.422%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><img alt="KATS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/KI_BOIS_Area_Transit_System" title="KI BOIS Area Transit System">KATS</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.679%;left:63.54%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><img alt="Citylink Edmond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Citylink_Edmond" title="Citylink Edmond">Citylink Edmond</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.088%;left:63.957%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><img alt="CART" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Cleveland Area Rapid Transit">CART</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.459%;left:63.11%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><img alt="Embark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/Embark_(transit_authority)" title="Embark (transit authority)">Embark</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Oklahoma_location_map.svg" title="File:USA Oklahoma location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Local Transit Systems (Only systems with fixed-route services are shown)</div></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_and_government">Law and government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Law and government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Oklahoma" title="Government of Oklahoma">Government of Oklahoma</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oklahoma_State_Capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Oklahoma_State_Capitol.jpg/220px-Oklahoma_State_Capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Oklahoma_State_Capitol.jpg/330px-Oklahoma_State_Capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Oklahoma_State_Capitol.jpg/440px-Oklahoma_State_Capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Capitol" title="Oklahoma State Capitol">Oklahoma State Capitol</a> in Oklahoma City</figcaption></figure> Oklahoma is a constitutional republic with a government modeled after the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government of the United States</a>, with executive, legislative, and judicial branches.<a href="#cite_note-294">[291]</a> The state has <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Oklahoma" title="List of counties in Oklahoma">77 counties</a> with jurisdiction over most local government functions within each respective domain,<a href="#cite_note-Topography_of_Oklahoma-70">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma%27s_congressional_districts" title="Oklahoma's congressional districts">five congressional districts</a>, and a voting base with a majority in the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Current_Registration_Statistics_by_County-295">[292]</a> State officials are elected by <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting">plurality voting</a> in the state of Oklahoma. Oklahoma has <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">capital punishment</a> as a legal sentence, and the state has had (between 1976 through mid-2011) the highest per capita execution rate in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-296">[293]</a> Authorized methods of execution include the <a href="/wiki/Electric_chair" title="Electric chair">electric chair</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gas_chamber" title="Gas chamber">gas chamber</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Execution_by_firing_squad" title="Execution by firing squad">firing squad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[294]</a> In a 2020 study, Oklahoma was ranked as the 14th most difficult state for citizens to vote in.<a href="#cite_note-298">[295]</a> In May 2020, it became the first state to enact an <a href="/wiki/Red_flag_law#Oklahoma_anti-red_flag_law" title="Red flag law">anti-red flag law</a>, prohibiting the acceptance of any grants or funding to enact red flag laws.<a href="#cite_note-299">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[297]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Oklahoma" title="Abortion in Oklahoma">Abortion in Oklahoma</a> is illegal in nearly all circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-301">[298]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_government">State government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: State government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Oklahoma" title="Governor of Oklahoma">Governor of Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Legislature" title="Oklahoma Legislature">Oklahoma Legislature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Supreme_Court" title="Oklahoma Supreme Court">Oklahoma Supreme Court</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Legislature" title="Oklahoma Legislature">Legislature of Oklahoma</a> consists of the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Senate" title="Oklahoma Senate">Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_House_of_Representatives" title="Oklahoma House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. As the lawmaking branch of the state government, it is responsible for raising and distributing the money necessary to run the government. The Senate has 48 members serving four-year terms, while the House has 101 members with two-year terms. The state has a <a href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">term limit</a> for its legislature that restricts any one person to twelve cumulative years service between both legislative branches.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma_Government_2-302">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[300]</a> Oklahoma's judicial branch consists of the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Supreme_Court" title="Oklahoma Supreme Court">Oklahoma Supreme Court</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals">Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals</a>, and 77 District Courts that each serve one county. The Oklahoma judiciary also contains two independent courts: a Court of <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment in the United States">Impeachment</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial" title="Impeachment trial">impeachment trials</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Court_on_the_Judiciary" title="Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary">Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary</a>. Oklahoma has two courts of last resort: the state Supreme Court hears civil cases, and the state Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal cases (this split system exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas). Judges of those two courts, as well as the Court of Civil Appeals are appointed by the governor upon the recommendation of the state Judicial Nominating Commission, and are subject to a <a href="/wiki/Non-partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-partisan">non-partisan</a> retention vote on a six-year rotating schedule.<a href="#cite_note-Oklahoma_Government_2-302">[299]</a> The executive branch consists of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Oklahoma" title="Governor of Oklahoma">governor</a>, their staff, and other elected officials. The principal head of government, the governor is the chief executive of the Oklahoma executive branch, serving as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_phrases_(E)" title="List of Latin phrases (E)">ex officio</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_National_Guard" title="Oklahoma National Guard">Oklahoma National Guard</a> when not called into <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a> use and reserving the power to veto bills passed through the legislature. The responsibilities of the Executive branch include submitting the budget, ensuring state laws are enforced, and ensuring peace within the state is preserved.<a href="#cite_note-304">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Local government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Oklahoma" title="List of counties in Oklahoma">List of counties in Oklahoma</a></div> The state is divided into 77 <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a> that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, <a href="/wiki/Court_clerk" title="Court clerk">court clerk</a>, treasurer, and <a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">sheriff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-305">[302]</a> While each municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county governments maintain jurisdiction over both incorporated cities and non-incorporated areas within their boundaries, and have executive power but no legislative or judicial power. Both county and municipal governments collect taxes, employ a separate police force, hold elections, and operate emergency response services within their jurisdiction.<a href="#cite_note-citygov-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[303]</a> Other local government units include <a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">school districts</a>, technology center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and other special use districts. Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a> are typical in most of the United States, they are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval.<a href="#cite_note-307">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[305]</a> Oklahoma has 11 substate districts including the two large Councils of Governments, INCOG in Tulsa (Indian Nations Council of Governments) and ACOG (Association of Central Oklahoma Governments). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_politics">National politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: National politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Oklahoma" title="Political party strength in Oklahoma">Political party strength in Oklahoma</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Oklahoma" title="Politics of Oklahoma">Politics of Oklahoma</a></div> During the first half-century of statehood, Oklahoma was considered a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> stronghold, being carried by the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> in only two presidential elections (<a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a> and <a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a>). After the <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 election</a>, the state turned firmly Republican. Although registered Republicans were a minority in the state until 2015,<a href="#cite_note-voters-309">[306]</a> Oklahoma has been carried by Republican presidential candidates in all but one election since 1952: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964 landslide victory</a>. Every single county in the state has been won by the Republican candidate in each election since <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election, 2004">2004</a>. In fact, it was the only state where <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> failed to carry any counties in <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a>. Oklahoma City was the largest city in the United States carried by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 elections. Democrats are strongest in urban areas, such as the inner parts of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, as well as the <a href="/wiki/College_town" title="College town">college towns</a> of Norman and Stillwater, and areas which are most heavily <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a>. The party once held dominance in the eastern part of the state and <a href="/wiki/Little_Dixie_(Oklahoma)" title="Little Dixie (Oklahoma)">Little Dixie</a> before the area gradually shifted Republican in the late 2000s. As of the 2020 election, Native American voters, 16% of the state's population, are split, with urban populations supporting the Democrats and rural reservation populaces favoring the Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-310">[307]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">2000 census</a>, the Oklahoma delegation to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one <a href="/wiki/Congressional_district" title="Congressional district">congressional district</a>. Oklahoma has had an all-Republican congressional delegation since 2021 and previously from 2013 to 2019. <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 31, 2024<a href="#cite_note-311">[308]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Number of voters </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,278,045 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">52.33% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">659,061 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26.98% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FED105; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">23,288 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DDDDBB; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>No affiliation/Other </td> <td style="text-align:center;">481,817 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19.73% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th style="text-align:center;">2,442,211 </th> <th style="text-align:center;">100.00% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Military">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_units_and_installations_in_Oklahoma" title="List of military units and installations in Oklahoma">List of military units and installations in Oklahoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_fought_in_Oklahoma" title="List of battles fought in Oklahoma">List of battles fought in Oklahoma</a></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_symbols">State symbols</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: State symbols">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oklahoma_state_symbols" title="List of Oklahoma state symbols">List of Oklahoma state symbols</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of Oklahoma</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oklahoma_state_symbols" title="List of Oklahoma state symbols">List of state symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/250px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/375px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/500px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Oklahoma" title="Flag of Oklahoma">Flag of Oklahoma</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg/150px-Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg/225px-Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg/300px-Seal_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="966" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Oklahoma" title="Seal of Oklahoma">Seal of Oklahoma</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_amphibians" title="List of U.S. state amphibians">Amphibian</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bullfrog" title="Bullfrog">Bullfrog</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[311]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scissor-tailed_Flycatcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Scissor-tailed Flycatcher">Scissor-tailed Flycatcher</a><a href="#cite_note-stinfo-315">[312]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">Fish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/White_bass" title="White bass">Sand bass</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[313]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Rose">Oklahoma Rose</a></li><li>Wildflower: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Blanket" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Blanket">Indian Blanket</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_grasses" title="List of U.S. state grasses">Grass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Grass">Indian Grass</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_insects" title="List of U.S. state insects">Insect</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_honey_bee" class="mw-redirect" title="European honey bee">European honey bee</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[309]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_reptiles" title="List of U.S. state reptiles">Reptile</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Common_Collared_Lizard" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Collared Lizard">Mountain Boomer</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Redbud" class="mw-redirect" title="Redbud">Redbud</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_beverages" title="List of U.S. state beverages">Beverage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">Milk</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[316]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_colors" title="List of U.S. state colors">Color</a>(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Green and white</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dances" title="List of U.S. state dances">Dance</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Waltz: Oklahoma Wind</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dinosaurs" title="List of U.S. state dinosaurs">Dinosaur</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Acrocanthosaurus_atokensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrocanthosaurus atokensis">Acrocanthosaurus atokensis</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[310]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dances" title="List of U.S. state dances">Folk dance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">Square dance</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fossils" title="List of U.S. state fossils">Fossil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saurophaganax_maximus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saurophaganax maximus">Saurophaganax maximus</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[314]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_instruments" title="List of U.S. state instruments">Instrument</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">Drum</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[315]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Rock</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rose_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Rock">Rose Rock</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_soils" title="List of U.S. state soils">Soil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Port_Silt_Loam" title="Port Silt Loam">Port Silt Loam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_tartans" title="List of U.S. state tartans">Tartan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oklahoma Tartan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Cartoon: Gusty created by <a href="/wiki/Don_Woods_(meteorologist)" title="Don Woods (meteorologist)">Don Woods</a>, Oklahoma's first professional meteorologist, used on KTUL-TV from 1954 to 1989.<a href="#cite_note-321">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[319]</a></li> <li>Fruit: <a href="/wiki/Garden_strawberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden strawberry">Strawberry</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[320]</a></li> <li>Vegetable: <a href="/wiki/Watermelon" title="Watermelon">Watermelon</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[322]</a></li> <li>Game bird: <a href="/wiki/Wild_turkey" title="Wild turkey">Wild turkey</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[323]</a></li> <li>Monument: <a href="/wiki/Golden_Driller" title="Golden Driller">Golden Driller</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[324]</a></li> <li>Rock song: "<a href="/wiki/Do_You_Realize%3F%3F" title="Do You Realize??">Do You Realize??</a>" by <a href="/wiki/The_Flaming_Lips" title="The Flaming Lips">the Flaming Lips</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[325]</a></li> <li>Theater group: <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Riggs" title="Lynn Riggs">Lynn Riggs</a> Players of Oklahoma<a href="#cite_note-329">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-stinfo-315">[312]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#State_highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">State route marker</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Oklahoma_State_Highway_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Oklahoma_State_Highway_1.svg/85px-Oklahoma_State_Highway_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Oklahoma_State_Highway_1.svg/128px-Oklahoma_State_Highway_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Oklahoma_State_Highway_1.svg/170px-Oklahoma_State_Highway_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="385" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">State quarter</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_OK_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Oklahoma quarter dollar coin"><img alt="Oklahoma quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2008_OK_Proof.png/85px-2008_OK_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2008_OK_Proof.png/127px-2008_OK_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2008_OK_Proof.png/169px-2008_OK_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1069" /></a><div>Released in 2008, as part of the <a href="/wiki/50_State_Quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="50 State Quarters">state quarters series</a>. Oklahoma's state bird flying above its state wildflower.<a href="#cite_note-320">[317]</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols" title="Lists of United States state symbols">Lists of United States state symbols</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_bison_k5680-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/American_bison_k5680-1.jpg/220px-American_bison_k5680-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/American_bison_k5680-1.jpg/330px-American_bison_k5680-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/American_bison_k5680-1.jpg/440px-American_bison_k5680-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1761" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a> is Oklahoma's state mammal.</figcaption></figure> State law codifies Oklahoma's state emblems and honorary positions;<a href="#cite_note-330">[327]</a> the Oklahoma Senate or House of Representatives may adopt resolutions designating others for special events and to benefit organizations. In 2012 the House passed HCR 1024, which would change the state motto from "Labor Omnia Vincit" to "Oklahoma—In God We Trust!" The author of the resolution stated a constituent researched the Oklahoma Constitution and found no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit", therefore opening the door for an entirely new motto.<a href="#cite_note-331">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[329]</a> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/32px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/48px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/64px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Oklahoma" title="Portal:Oklahoma">Oklahoma portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Oklahoma-related_articles" title="Index of Oklahoma-related articles">Index of Oklahoma-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Oklahoma" title="Outline of Oklahoma">Outline of Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zodletone_Mountain" title="Zodletone Mountain">Zodletone Mountain</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NAVD88-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_2-1">b</a> Elevation adjusted to <a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988">North American Vertical Datum of 1988</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Choctaw_language" title="Choctaw language">Choctaw</a> official within <a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Choctaw Nation">Choctaw Nation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a> official within <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee Nation</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Keetoowah_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians">UKB</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Determined by a survey by the Pew Research Center in 2008. Percentages represent claimed religious beliefs, not necessarily membership in any particular congregation. Figures have a ±5 percent margin of error.<a href="#cite_note-religion2-130">[128]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-USGS-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">"Elevations and Distances in the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. 2001. 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Retrieved November 9, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Big+12+Conference%E2%80%94One+True+Champion&rft.pub=Big+12+Conference&rft.date=2013-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.big12sports.com%2FViewArticle.dbml%3FATCLID%3D1514841%26DB_OEM_ID%3D10410%26DB_OEM_ID%3D10410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/2011/Attendance.pdf">"Attendance Records"</a> (PDF). National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attendance+Records&rft.pub=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffs.ncaa.org%2FDocs%2Fstats%2Ffootball_records%2F2011%2FAttendance.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-top_sports-242"><a href="#cite_ref-top_sports_242-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021019031054/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/10/01/1_10/">"America's Best Sports Colleges: 1–10"</a>. Sports Illustrated. October 7, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/10/01/1_10/">the original</a> on October 19, 2002. Retrieved August 5, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=America%27s+Best+Sports+Colleges%3A+1%E2%80%9310&rft.date=2002-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Fsi_online%2Fnews%2F2002%2F10%2F01%2F1_10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021016015130/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/10/01/11_100/">"America's Best Sports Colleges: 11–100"</a>. Sports Illustrated. October 7, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/10/01/11_100/">the original</a> on October 16, 2002. Retrieved August 5, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=America%27s+Best+Sports+Colleges%3A+11%E2%80%93100&rft.date=2002-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Fsi_online%2Fnews%2F2002%2F10%2F01%2F11_100%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tulsahurricane.com/sports/2015/5/21/GEN_0521151506_AboutTU.aspx">"About TU"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Golden_Hurricane" title="Tulsa Golden Hurricane">Tulsa Golden Hurricane</a>. Retrieved November 9, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+TU&rft.pub=Tulsa+Golden+Hurricane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftulsahurricane.com%2Fsports%2F2015%2F5%2F21%2FGEN_0521151506_AboutTU.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oruathletics.com/">"Home Page"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oral_Roberts_Golden_Eagles" title="Oral Roberts Golden Eagles">Oral Roberts Golden Eagles</a>. Retrieved August 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+Page&rft.pub=Oral+Roberts+Golden+Eagles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foruathletics.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> Move the cursor over "Sports" on the menu to see a list of varsity sports; football is not listed. </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesummitleague.org/sports/2020/5/26/Quick%20Facts.aspx">"Summit League Quick Facts"</a>. The Summit League. Retrieved August 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summit+League+Quick+Facts&rft.pub=The+Summit+League&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthesummitleague.org%2Fsports%2F2020%2F5%2F26%2FQuick%2520Facts.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greatamericanconference.com/">"Home Page"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Conference" title="Great American Conference">Great American Conference</a>. 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Retrieved February 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Oklahoma+Quarter+Launches+into+History&rft.pub=United+States+Mint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmint.gov%2Fpressroom%2Findex.cfm%3Fflash%3Dyes%26action%3Dpress_release%26id%3D862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> Oklahoma Statutes, §25–98.8 </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/oklahoma/state-arts-drama-symbol/gusty">"Oklahoma State Cartoon Character—Gusty"</a>. State Symbols USA. September 6, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oklahoma+State+Cartoon+Character%E2%80%94Gusty&rft.pub=State+Symbols+USA&rft.date=2014-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Foklahoma%2Fstate-arts-drama-symbol%2Fgusty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/ok_symb.htm">"Oklahoma State Symbols and Emblems—Complete list of Oklahoma state symbols including the state flag and state seal from NETSTATE.COM"</a>. Netstate.com. Retrieved November 18, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Netstate.com&rft.atitle=Oklahoma+State+Symbols+and+Emblems%E2%80%94Complete+list+of+Oklahoma+state+symbols+including+the+state+flag+and+state+seal+from+NETSTATE.COM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netstate.com%2Fstates%2Fsymb%2Fok_symb.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327104415/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/Oklahoma/stateVegetable.html">"Watermelon State Vegetable"</a>. State Symbols USA. September 6, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/Oklahoma/stateVegetable.html">the original</a> on March 27, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Watermelon+State+Vegetable&rft.pub=State+Symbols+USA&rft.date=2014-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2FOklahoma%2FstateVegetable.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Weaver2007" class="citation news cs1">Matthew Weaver (April 18, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/apr/18/usa.matthewweaver">"It's a scandal: Oklahoma declares watermelon a vegetable"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=It%27s+a+scandal%3A+Oklahoma+declares+watermelon+a+vegetable&rft.date=2007-04-18&rft.au=Matthew+Weaver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2007%2Fapr%2F18%2Fusa.matthewweaver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/oklahoma/state-bird/wild-turkey">"Oklahoma State Game Bird—Wild Turkey"</a>. State Symbols USA. September 7, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oklahoma+State+Game+Bird%E2%80%94Wild+Turkey&rft.pub=State+Symbols+USA&rft.date=2014-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Foklahoma%2Fstate-bird%2Fwild-turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/oklahoma/state-cultural-heritage/golden-driller">"Oklahoma State Monument—Golden Driller"</a>. State Symbols USA. September 7, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oklahoma+State+Monument%E2%80%94Golden+Driller&rft.pub=State+Symbols+USA&rft.date=2014-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Foklahoma%2Fstate-cultural-heritage%2Fgolden-driller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Benson2009" class="citation news cs1">John Benson (April 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501154801/http://uk.reuters.com/article/chinaNews/idUKTRE53R0L520090428">"Flaming Lips prepare for Oklahoma honor"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/chinaNews/idUKTRE53R0L520090428">the original</a> on May 1, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Flaming+Lips+prepare+for+Oklahoma+honor&rft.date=2009-04-28&rft.au=John+Benson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FchinaNews%2FidUKTRE53R0L520090428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/oklahoma/state-arts-drama-symbol/lynn-riggs-players-oklahoma">"Oklahoma State Theater Group—Lynn Riggs Players of Oklahoma"</a>. State Symbols USA. September 7, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oklahoma+State+Theater+Group%E2%80%94Lynn+Riggs+Players+of+Oklahoma&rft.pub=State+Symbols+USA&rft.date=2014-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Foklahoma%2Fstate-arts-drama-symbol%2Flynn-riggs-players-oklahoma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/index.asp?ftdb=STOKST&level=1">"OCIS Document Index"</a>. The Oklahoma Supreme Court Network. Retrieved May 11, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OCIS+Document+Index&rft.pub=The+Oklahoma+Supreme+Court+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscn.net%2Fapplications%2Foscn%2Findex.asp%3Fftdb%3DSTOKST%26level%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsok.com/article/3660948">"Oklahoma House approves 'In God We Trust' for state motto"</a>. newsok.com. March 26, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oklahoma+House+approves+%27In+God+We+Trust%27+for+state+motto&rft.pub=newsok.com&rft.date=2012-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsok.com%2Farticle%2F3660948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oklegislature.gov/cf_pdf/2011-12%20INT/hres/HCR1024%20int.pdf">"HCR 1024"</a> (PDF). Retrieved March 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HCR+1024&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oklegislature.gov%2Fcf_pdf%2F2011-12%2520INT%2Fhres%2FHCR1024%2520int.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBairdDanney_Goble1994" class="citation book cs1">Baird, W. David; Danney Goble (1994). The Story of Oklahoma. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2650-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2650-0"><bdi>978-0-8061-2650-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Oklahoma&rft.place=Norman&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-2650-0&rft.aulast=Baird&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rft.au=Danney+Goble&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaleMorris_L._Wardell1948" class="citation book cs1">Dale, Edward Everett; Morris L. Wardell (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120721140154/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9570550">History of Oklahoma</a>. New York: Prentice-Hall. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9570550">the original</a> on July 21, 2012. Retrieved September 7, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Oklahoma&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Edward+Everett&rft.au=Morris+L.+Wardell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2FPM.qst%3Fa%3Do%26d%3D9570550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson1981" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, Arrell Morgan (1981). Oklahoma: A History of Five Centuries (2nd ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-1758-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-1758-4"><bdi>978-0-8061-1758-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oklahoma%3A+A+History+of+Five+Centuries&rft.place=Norman&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-1758-4&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Arrell+Morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoble1980" class="citation book cs1">Goble, Danney (1980). Progressive Oklahoma: The Making of a New Kind of State. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-1510-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-1510-8"><bdi>978-0-8061-1510-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Progressive+Oklahoma%3A+The+Making+of+a+New+Kind+of+State&rft.place=Norman&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-1510-8&rft.aulast=Goble&rft.aufirst=Danney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunther1947" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gunther" title="John Gunther">Gunther, John</a> (1947). "Oklahoma and the Indians". <a href="/wiki/Inside_U.S.A._(book)" title="Inside U.S.A. (book)">Inside U.S.A</a>. New York City, London: Harper & Brothers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insideusa00guntrich/page/869">869–885</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oklahoma+and+the+Indians&rft.btitle=Inside+U.S.A&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+London&rft.pages=869-885&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Gunther&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1974" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Stephen (1974). Oklahoma Politics in State and Nation (vol. 1 (1907–62) ed.). Enid, Okla.: Haymaker Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oklahoma+Politics+in+State+and+Nation&rft.place=Enid%2C+Okla.&rft.edition=vol.+1+%281907%E2%80%9362%29&rft.pub=Haymaker+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoyce1994" class="citation book cs1">Joyce, Davis D., ed. (1994). An Oklahoma I Had Never Seen Before: Alternative Views of Oklahoma History. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2599-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2599-2"><bdi>978-0-8061-2599-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Oklahoma+I+Had+Never+Seen+Before%3A+Alternative+Views+of+Oklahoma+History&rft.place=Norman&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-2599-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorganMorgan,_H._Wayne1982" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Anne Hodges; Morgan, H. Wayne, eds. (1982). Oklahoma: New Views of the Forty-sixth State. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-1651-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-1651-8"><bdi>978-0-8061-1651-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oklahoma%3A+New+Views+of+the+Forty-sixth+State&rft.place=Norman&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-1651-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorganRobert_E._EnglandGeorge_G._Humphreys1991" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, David R.; Robert E. England; George G. Humphreys (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oklahomapolitics00morg">Oklahoma Politics and Policies: Governing the Sooner State</a>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-3106-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-3106-1"><bdi>978-0-8032-3106-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oklahoma+Politics+and+Policies%3A+Governing+the+Sooner+State&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-3106-1&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.au=Robert+E.+England&rft.au=George+G.+Humphreys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foklahomapolitics00morg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrisCharles_R._GoinsEdwin_C._McReynolds1986" class="citation book cs1">Morris, John W.; Charles R. Goins; Edwin C. McReynolds (1986). Historical Atlas of Oklahoma (3rd ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-1991-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-1991-5"><bdi>978-0-8061-1991-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Atlas+of+Oklahoma&rft.place=Norman&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-1991-5&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft.au=Charles+R.+Goins&rft.au=Edwin+C.+McReynolds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWishart2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Wishart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David J. Wishart (page does not exist)">Wishart, David J.</a>, ed. (2004). Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-4787-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-4787-1"><bdi>978-0-8032-4787-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Great+Plains&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-4787-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOklahoma" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/">complete text online</a>; 900 pages of scholarly articles</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Oklahoma at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Oklahoma" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Oklahoma">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oklahoma" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Oklahoma">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Oklahoma" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Oklahoma">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Oklahoma" class="extiw" title="q:Oklahoma">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Oklahoma" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Oklahoma">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Oklahoma" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Oklahoma">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Oklahoma" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Oklahoma">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Oklahoma" class="extiw" title="voy:Oklahoma">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ok.gov/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oklegislature.gov/">Oklahoma Legislative Branch</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.okcommerce.gov/">Oklahoma Department of Commerce</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.okdhs.org/">Oklahoma Department of Human Services</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/">Oklahoma Department of Transportation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism_and_recreation">Tourism and recreation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Tourism and recreation">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelok.com/">Official Oklahoma Tourism Info</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.touroklahoma.com/">Oklahoma State Parks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redearth.org/">Red Earth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129174921/https://www.redearth.org/">Archived</a> January 29, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090722210244/http://www.woodyguthrie.com/">Woody Guthrie Folk Festival</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture_and_history">Culture and history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Culture and history">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/oklahoma/">Oklahoma State Guide from the Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arts.ok.gov/">Oklahoma Arts Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oktheatre.org/">Oklahoma Theatre Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.okstate.edu/oralhistory/">Oklahoma Oral History Research Program</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.okhistory.org/publications/encyclopediaonline.php">Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voicesofoklahoma.com">Voices of Oklahoma Oral History Project</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maps_and_demographics">Maps and demographics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Maps and demographics">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120082128/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40000.html">Oklahoma QuickFacts Geographic and Demographic information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/maps/2005state/index.htm">State highway maps</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.okgensoc.org/">Oklahoma Genealogical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=OK">Realtime USGS geographic, weather, and geologic information</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501104714/http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=OK">Archived</a> May 1, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/161645">Oklahoma</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121024013411/http://www.library.okstate.edu/okmaps/">Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_statehood" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by date of statehood">List of U.S. states by date of statehood</a> Admitted on November 16, 1907 (46th) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Topics_related_to_OklahomaNative_America153" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Topics_related_to_OklahomaNative_America153" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics related to Oklahoma Native America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Oklahoma393" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oklahoma" title="Template:Oklahoma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oklahoma" title="Template talk:Oklahoma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oklahoma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oklahoma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Oklahoma393" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oklahoma</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Oklahoma" title="Outline of Oklahoma">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Oklahoma-related_articles" title="Index of Oklahoma-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Oklahoma" title="Climate change in Oklahoma">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Oklahoma" title="List of earthquakes in Oklahoma">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Oklahoma" title="Geography of Oklahoma">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Oklahoma" title="Government of Oklahoma">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Oklahoma" title="Governor of Oklahoma">governor</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Oklahoma" title="List of governors of Oklahoma">list</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oklahoma" title="History of Oklahoma">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rush_of_1889" title="Land Rush of 1889">Land Rush of 1889</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_Run_of_1891" title="Land Run of 1891">1891</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_Run_of_1892" title="Land Run of 1892">1892</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_Run_of_1893" title="Land Run of 1893">1893</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Land_Run_of_1895" title="Land Run of 1895">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unassigned_Lands" title="Unassigned Lands">Unassigned Lands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Oklahoma" title="Category:Mass media in Oklahoma">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Oklahoma" title="List of newspapers in Oklahoma">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Oklahoma" title="List of radio stations in Oklahoma">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Oklahoma" title="List of television stations in Oklahoma">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Oklahoma" title="List of people from Oklahoma">People</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oklahoma_state_symbols" title="List of Oklahoma state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Oklahoma" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Oklahoma">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Oklahoma" title="Abortion in Oklahoma">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Oklahoma" title="Cannabis in Oklahoma">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oklahoma_culture" title="Category:Oklahoma culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Oklahoma" title="Crime in Oklahoma">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Oklahoma" title="Demographics of Oklahoma">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Oklahoma" title="Economy of Oklahoma">Economy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Oklahoma" title="Gun laws in Oklahoma">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Oklahoma">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Oklahoma" title="Politics of Oklahoma">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Arklatex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Oklahoma" title="Central Oklahoma">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Outlet" title="Cherokee Outlet">Cherokee Outlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Country" title="Choctaw Country">Choctaw Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers" title="Cross Timbers">Cross Timbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_State_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Four State Area">Four State Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_Hills" title="Flint Hills">Flint Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Country" title="Green Country">Green Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Dixie_(Oklahoma)" title="Little Dixie (Oklahoma)">Little Dixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Oklahoma" title="Northwestern Oklahoma">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_metropolitan_area" title="Oklahoma City metropolitan area">Oklahoma City Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Mountains" title="Ouachita Mountains">Ouachita Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozarks" title="Ozarks">The Ozarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Panhandle">Panhandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Oklahoma" title="South Central Oklahoma">South Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Oklahoma" title="Southwestern Oklahoma">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texoma" title="Texoma">Texoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_metropolitan_area" title="Tulsa metropolitan area">Tulsa Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Oklahoma" title="Western Oklahoma">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Oklahoma">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardmore,_Oklahoma" title="Ardmore, Oklahoma">Ardmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartlesville,_Oklahoma" title="Bartlesville, Oklahoma">Bartlesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixby,_Oklahoma" title="Bixby, Oklahoma">Bixby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken_Arrow,_Oklahoma" title="Broken Arrow, Oklahoma">Broken Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_City,_Oklahoma" title="Del City, Oklahoma">Del City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan,_Oklahoma" title="Duncan, Oklahoma">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond,_Oklahoma" title="Edmond, Oklahoma">Edmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enid,_Oklahoma" title="Enid, Oklahoma">Enid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawton,_Oklahoma" title="Lawton, Oklahoma">Lawton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_City,_Oklahoma" title="Midwest City, Oklahoma">Midwest City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskogee,_Oklahoma" title="Muskogee, Oklahoma">Muskogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore,_Oklahoma" title="Moore, Oklahoma">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owasso,_Oklahoma" title="Owasso, Oklahoma">Owasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponca_City,_Oklahoma" title="Ponca City, Oklahoma">Ponca City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee,_Oklahoma" title="Shawnee, Oklahoma">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stillwater,_Oklahoma" title="Stillwater, Oklahoma">Stillwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon,_Oklahoma" title="Yukon, Oklahoma">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Oklahoma" title="List of counties in Oklahoma">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adair_County,_Oklahoma" title="Adair County, Oklahoma">Adair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfalfa_County,_Oklahoma" title="Alfalfa County, Oklahoma">Alfalfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoka_County,_Oklahoma" title="Atoka County, Oklahoma">Atoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_County,_Oklahoma" title="Beaver County, Oklahoma">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beckham_County,_Oklahoma" title="Beckham County, Oklahoma">Beckham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_County,_Oklahoma" title="Blaine County, Oklahoma">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_County,_Oklahoma" title="Bryan County, Oklahoma">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo_County,_Oklahoma" title="Caddo County, Oklahoma">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_County,_Oklahoma" title="Canadian County, Oklahoma">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_County,_Oklahoma" title="Carter County, Oklahoma">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cherokee County, Oklahoma">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_County,_Oklahoma" title="Choctaw County, Oklahoma">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimarron_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cimarron County, Oklahoma">Cimarron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cleveland County, Oklahoma">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_County,_Oklahoma" title="Coal County, Oklahoma">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche_County,_Oklahoma" title="Comanche County, Oklahoma">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cotton County, Oklahoma">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_County,_Oklahoma" title="Craig County, Oklahoma">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_County,_Oklahoma" title="Creek County, Oklahoma">Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custer_County,_Oklahoma" title="Custer County, Oklahoma">Custer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_Oklahoma" title="Delaware County, Oklahoma">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewey_County,_Oklahoma" title="Dewey County, Oklahoma">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_County,_Oklahoma" title="Ellis County, Oklahoma">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield_County,_Oklahoma" title="Garfield County, Oklahoma">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garvin_County,_Oklahoma" title="Garvin County, Oklahoma">Garvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grady_County,_Oklahoma" title="Grady County, Oklahoma">Grady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_Oklahoma" title="Grant County, Oklahoma">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greer_County,_Oklahoma" title="Greer County, Oklahoma">Greer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmon_County,_Oklahoma" title="Harmon County, Oklahoma">Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper_County,_Oklahoma" title="Harper County, Oklahoma">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskell_County,_Oklahoma" title="Haskell County, Oklahoma">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_County,_Oklahoma" title="Hughes County, Oklahoma">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Oklahoma" title="Jackson County, Oklahoma">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Oklahoma" title="Jefferson County, Oklahoma">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_County,_Oklahoma" title="Johnston County, Oklahoma">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_County,_Oklahoma" title="Kay County, Oklahoma">Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingfisher_County,_Oklahoma" title="Kingfisher County, Oklahoma">Kingfisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa_County,_Oklahoma" title="Kiowa County, Oklahoma">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latimer_County,_Oklahoma" title="Latimer County, Oklahoma">Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Flore_County,_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Flore County, Oklahoma">Le Flore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Oklahoma" title="Lincoln County, Oklahoma">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Oklahoma" title="Logan County, Oklahoma">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_County,_Oklahoma" title="Love County, Oklahoma">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_County,_Oklahoma" title="Major County, Oklahoma">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Oklahoma" title="Marshall County, Oklahoma">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayes_County,_Oklahoma" title="Mayes County, Oklahoma">Mayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McClain_County,_Oklahoma" title="McClain County, Oklahoma">McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCurtain_County,_Oklahoma" title="McCurtain County, Oklahoma">McCurtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McIntosh_County,_Oklahoma" title="McIntosh County, Oklahoma">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_County,_Oklahoma" title="Murray County, Oklahoma">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskogee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Muskogee County, Oklahoma">Muskogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_County,_Oklahoma" title="Noble County, Oklahoma">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowata_County,_Oklahoma" title="Nowata County, Oklahoma">Nowata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okfuskee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Okfuskee County, Oklahoma">Okfuskee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_County,_Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma County, Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okmulgee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Okmulgee County, Oklahoma">Okmulgee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_County,_Oklahoma" title="Osage County, Oklahoma">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_County,_Oklahoma" title="Ottawa County, Oklahoma">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pawnee County, Oklahoma">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payne_County,_Oklahoma" title="Payne County, Oklahoma">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburg_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pittsburg County, Oklahoma">Pittsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontotoc_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pontotoc County, Oklahoma">Pontotoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottawatomie_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma">Pottawatomie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushmataha_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pushmataha County, Oklahoma">Pushmataha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Mills_County,_Oklahoma" title="Roger Mills County, Oklahoma">Roger Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_County,_Oklahoma" title="Rogers County, Oklahoma">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_County,_Oklahoma" title="Seminole County, Oklahoma">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah_County,_Oklahoma" title="Sequoyah County, Oklahoma">Sequoyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephens_County,_Oklahoma" title="Stephens County, Oklahoma">Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_County,_Oklahoma" title="Texas County, Oklahoma">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillman_County,_Oklahoma" title="Tillman County, Oklahoma">Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_County,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa County, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagoner_County,_Oklahoma" title="Wagoner County, Oklahoma">Wagoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Oklahoma" title="Washington County, Oklahoma">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washita_County,_Oklahoma" title="Washita County, Oklahoma">Washita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woods_County,_Oklahoma" title="Woods County, Oklahoma">Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodward_County,_Oklahoma" title="Woodward County, Oklahoma">Woodward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/32px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/48px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/64px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Oklahoma" title="Portal:Oklahoma">Oklahoma portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_Oklahoma166" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;;background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_Oklahoma" title="Template:Protected areas of Oklahoma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_Oklahoma" title="Template talk:Protected areas of Oklahoma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_Oklahoma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of Oklahoma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_Oklahoma166" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Protected areas of the United States">Protected areas</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oklahoma</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Historic Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Smith National Historic Site">Fort Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washita_Battlefield_National_Historic_Site" title="Washita Battlefield National Historic Site">Washita Battlefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_forest_(United_States)" title="National forest (United States)">National Forests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ouachita_National_Forest" title="Ouachita National Forest">Ouachita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_recreation_area" title="National recreation area">National Recreation Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_National_Recreation_Area" title="Chickasaw National Recreation Area">Chickasaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">USFS National Recreation Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winding_Stair_Mountain_National_Recreation_Area" title="Winding Stair Mountain National Recreation Area">Winding Stair Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Area_(United_States)" title="National Scenic Area (United States)">National Scenic Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beech_Creek_National_Scenic_Area" title="Beech Creek National Scenic Area">Beech Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_grassland" title="National grassland">National Grasslands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cibola_National_Forest" title="Cibola National Forest">Black Kettle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Blanca_National_Grassland" title="Rita Blanca National Grassland">Rita Blanca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_memorials_of_the_United_States" title="List of national memorials of the United States">National Memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_National_Memorial" title="Oklahoma City National Memorial">Oklahoma City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Fork_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Deep Fork National Wildlife Refuge">Deep Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Little River National Wildlife Refuge">Little River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optima_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Optima National Wildlife Refuge">Optima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Plateau_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Ozark Plateau National Wildlife Refuge">Ozark Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Plains_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge">Salt Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge">Sequoyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishomingo_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge">Tishomingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washita_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Washita National Wildlife Refuge">Washita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Mountains_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge">Wichita Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oklahoma_state_parks" title="List of Oklahoma state parks">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oklahoma_state_parks" title="List of Oklahoma state parks">State Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabaster_Caverns_State_Park" title="Alabaster Caverns State Park">Alabaster Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_State_Park" title="Arrowhead State Park">Arrowhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beavers_Bend_Resort_Park" title="Beavers Bend Resort Park">Beavers Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mesa_State_Park" title="Black Mesa State Park">Black Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_Springs_State_Park" title="Boiling Springs State Park">Boiling Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Landing_State_Park" title="Cherokee Landing State Park">Cherokee Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Lake_State_Park_(Oklahoma)" title="Clayton Lake State Park (Oklahoma)">Clayton Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Cobb_State_Park" title="Fort Cobb State Park">Fort Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foss_State_Park" title="Foss State Park">Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloss_Mountain_State_Park" title="Gloss Mountain State Park">Gloss Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains_State_Park" title="Great Plains State Park">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Salt_Plains_State_Park" title="Great Salt Plains State Park">Great Salt Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenleaf_State_Park" title="Greenleaf State Park">Greenleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_State_Park_(Oklahoma)" title="Keystone State Park (Oklahoma)">Keystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Eufaula_State_Park" title="Lake Eufaula State Park">Lake Eufaula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Murray_(Oklahoma)" title="Lake Murray (Oklahoma)">Lake Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Texoma" title="Lake Texoma">Lake Texoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Thunderbird_State_Park" title="Lake Thunderbird State Park">Lake Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Wister_State_Park" title="Lake Wister State Park">Lake Wister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Sahara_State_Park" title="Little Sahara State Park">Little Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGee_Creek_State_Park" title="McGee Creek State Park">McGee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Falls_State_Park" title="Natural Falls State Park">Natural Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Hills_State_Park" title="Osage Hills State Park">Osage Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_Mountain_Nature_Park" title="Quartz Mountain Nature Park">Quartz Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Gary_State_Park" title="Raymond Gary State Park">Raymond Gary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robbers_Cave_State_Park" title="Robbers Cave State Park">Robbers Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Nose_State_Park" title="Roman Nose State Park">Roman Nose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah_State_Park" title="Sequoyah State Park">Sequoyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah_Bay_State_Park" title="Sequoyah Bay State Park">Sequoyah Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talimena_State_Park" title="Talimena State Park">Talimena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenkiller_State_Park" title="Tenkiller State Park">Tenkiller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lake_o%27_the_Cherokees" title="Grand Lake o' the Cherokees">Grand Lake State Park</a> areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_State_Park" title="Bernice State Park">Bernice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_State_Park_(Oklahoma)" title="Cherokee State Park (Oklahoma)">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney/Little_Blue_State_Park" title="Disney/Little Blue State Park">Disney/Little Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_Creek_State_Park" title="Honey Creek State Park">Honey Creek</a></li> <li>Spavinaw</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Bridges_State_Park" title="Twin Bridges State Park">Twin Bridges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oklahoma_Wildlife_Management_Areas" title="List of Oklahoma Wildlife Management Areas">Wildlife Management Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Altus-Lugert</li> <li>Arbuckle Springs</li> <li>Atoka</li> <li>Thomas A. Bamberger Sr.</li> <li>Barren Fork</li> <li>Beaver River</li> <li>Beaver River - McFarland Unit</li> <li>Blue River</li> <li>Broken Bow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_and_Fern_Cooper_Wildlife_Management_Area" title="Hal and Fern Cooper Wildlife Management Area">Hal and Fern Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honobia_Creek_Wildlife_Management_Area" title="Honobia Creek Wildlife Management Area">Honobia Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCurtain_County_Wilderness_Area" title="McCurtain County Wilderness Area">McCurtain County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Creek_Wildlife_Management_Area" title="Pine Creek Wildlife Management Area">Pine Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushmataha_Wildlife_Management_Area" title="Pushmataha Wildlife Management Area">Pushmataha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arcadia Conservation Education Area</li> <li>Atoka Public Hunting Area</li> <li>Black Mesa Nature Preserve</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Lake" title="Hugo Lake">Hugo Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Historical_Society" title="Oklahoma Historical Society">Oklahoma Historical Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabin_Creek_battlefield" title="Cabin Creek battlefield">Cabin Creek Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Gibson" title="Fort Gibson">Fort Gibson Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Supply_(Oklahoma)" title="Fort Supply (Oklahoma)">Fort Supply Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Towson" title="Fort Towson">Fort Towson Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Honey_Springs" title="Battle of Honey Springs">Honey Springs Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murrell_Home" title="Murrell Home">Hunter’s Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_Bill_Ranch" title="Pawnee Bill Ranch">Pawnee Bill Ranch and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Mounds" title="Spiro Mounds">Spiro Mounds Archaeological Center</a></li> <li>White Hair Memorial</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Iron_Ranch" title="Dog Iron Ranch">Will Rogers Birthplace Ranch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Commissioners_of_the_Land_Office" title="Oklahoma Commissioners of the Land Office">Oklahoma Commissioners of the Land Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Manages land for revenue to fund schools</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%">Local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former_state_parks18" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Former state parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adair_Park_(Stilwell,_Oklahoma)" title="Adair Park (Stilwell, Oklahoma)">Adair Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Dunes_Park" title="Beaver Dunes Park">Beaver Dunes Park</a></li> <li>Boggy Depot Park (Choctaw Nation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brushy_Lake_Park" title="Brushy Lake Park">Brushy Lake Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowder_Lake_University_Park" title="Crowder Lake University Park">Crowder Lake University Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dripping_Springs_Park" title="Dripping Springs Park">Dripping Springs Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavener_Runestone_Park" title="Heavener Runestone Park">Heavener Runestone Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Eucha_Park" title="Lake Eucha Park">Lake Eucha Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okmulgee_Park" title="Okmulgee Park">Okmulgee Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Rock_Canyon_Adventure_Park_(Oklahoma)" title="Red Rock Canyon Adventure Park (Oklahoma)">Red Rock Canyon Adventure</a></li> <li>Snowdale (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wah-Sha-She_Park" title="Wah-Sha-She Park">Wah-Sha-She Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Creek_State_Park" title="Walnut Creek State Park">Walnut Creek</a> (closed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_United_States164" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_United_States" title="Template:Southern United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southern_United_States" title="Template talk:Southern United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Southern_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Southern United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_United_States164" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Culture of the Southern United States">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">Dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States#Economy" title="Southern United States">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States#Geography" title="Southern United States">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Politics of the Southern United States">Government and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="History of the Southern United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States#Sports" title="Southern United States">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Southerners" title="Black Southerners">Black Southerners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Southerners" title="White Southerners">White Southerners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston (SC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston (WV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hialeah,_Florida" title="Hialeah, Florida">Hialeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Virginia" title="Portsmouth, Virginia">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">State capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston (WV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_France265" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_France" title="Template:New France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_France" title="Template talk:New France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_France265" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history" title="Timeline of New France history">Timeline of New France history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(beginnings%E2%80%931533)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (beginnings–1533)">Beginnings–1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history_(1534%E2%80%931607)" title="Timeline of New France history (1534–1607)">1534–1607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1608%E2%80%931662)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1608–1662)">1608–1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1663%E2%80%931759)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1663–1759)">1663–1759</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">1763 Treaty of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec" title="History of Quebec">History of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Acadians" title="History of the Acadians">History of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Franco-Americans" title="History of the Franco-Americans">History of the French-Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a> (1604–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a> (1608–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre-Neuve_(New_France)" title="Terre-Neuve (New France)">Terre-Neuve</a> (1662–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana</a> (1682–1763, 1801–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Île Royale</a> (1713–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country" title="Illinois Country">Illinois Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_d%27en_Haut" title="Pays d'en Haut">Pays d'en Haut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_du_roy" title="Domaine du roy">Domaine du roy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_New_France" title="List of towns and villages in New France">Towns and villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec_City" title="History of Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montreal" title="History of Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">Détroit</a></li></ul></li> <li>Île Royale <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Louisbourg</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mobile,_Alabama" title="History of Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Orleans" title="History of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Placentia,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador">Plaisance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_forts_in_North_America" title="List of French forts in North America">List of French forts in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Fort Rouillé">Fort Rouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Michilimackinac" title="Fort Michilimackinac">Fort Michilimackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Buade" title="Fort de Buade">Fort de Buade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Chartres" title="Fort de Chartres">Fort de Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Detroit">Fort Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Fort Ticonderoga">Fort Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Conde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Conde">Fort Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Duquesne" title="Fort Duquesne">Fort Duquesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Fortress of Louisbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador">Castle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starved_Rock_State_Park" title="Starved Rock State Park">Fort St. Louis (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_Texas" title="French colonization of Texas">Fort St. Louis (Texas)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_New_France" title="Governor General of New France">Governor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant_of_New_France" title="Intendant of New France">Intendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Sovereign Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Quebec" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec">Bishop of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="List of governors of Trois-Rivières">Governor of Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Montreal" title="Governor of Montreal">Governor of Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Acadia" title="List of governors of Acadia">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador#Governors_of_Plaisance,_1655–1713" title="List of governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of colonial governors of Louisiana">Governor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custom_of_Paris_in_New_France" title="Custom of Paris in New France">Custom of Paris in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seigneurial_system_of_New_France" title="Seigneurial system of New France">Seigneurial system of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice_in_New_France" title="Criminal justice in New France">Criminal justice in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant" title="Intendant">Intendancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Superior Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_court" title="Admiralty court">Admiralty court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_(civil)" title="Provost (civil)">Provostship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court" title="Ecclesiastical court">Officiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">Bailiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chauss%C3%A9e" title="Maréchaussée">Maréchaussée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Noir" title="Code Noir">Code Noir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemin_du_Roy" title="Chemin du Roy">Chemin du Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_fur_trade" title="North American fur trade">Fur trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coureur_des_bois" title="Coureur des bois">Coureur des bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyageurs" title="Voyageurs">Voyageurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_One_Hundred_Associates" title="Company of One Hundred Associates">Company of 100 Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Crozat" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Crozat">Crozat's Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Company" title="Mississippi Company">Mississippi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_de_l%27Occident" title="Compagnie de l'Occident">Compagnie de l'Occident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_New_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of New France">Population</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1666_census_of_New_France" title="1666 census of New France">1666 census</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitants" title="Habitants">Habitants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">Canadiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Daughters" title="King's Daughters">King's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casquette_girl" title="Casquette girl">Casquette girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_New_France" title="Slavery in New France">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pla%C3%A7age" title="Plaçage">Plaçage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Gens de couleur libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_New_France" title="Alcohol in New France">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France_livre" title="New France livre">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Card_money_in_New_France" title="Card money in New France">card money</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France_Intellectual_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="New France Intellectual Life">Intellectual life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missionary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_missions_in_North_America" title="Jesuit missions in North America">Jesuit missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recollects" title="Recollects">Récollets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Nuns" title="Grey Nuns">Grey Nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursulines" title="Ursulines">Ursulines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Priests_of_Saint_Sulpice" title="Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice">Sulpicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_New_France" title="Military of New France">Military of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Acadians" title="Military history of the Acadians">Military history of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_Civil_War" title="Acadian Civil War">Acadian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">Intercolonial Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_War" title="King William's War">King William's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_War" title="King George's War">King George's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">French and Iroquois Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Expulsion of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Peace_of_Montreal" title="Great Peace of Montreal">Great Peace of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachine_massacre" title="Lachine massacre">Lachine Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady_massacre" title="Schenectady massacre">Schenectady Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Deerfield" title="Raid on Deerfield">Deerfield Raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_France" title="Category:New France">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Spain_(1521–1821)410" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Spain" title="Template:New Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Spain" title="Template talk:New Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Spain_(1521–1821)410" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (1521–1821)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Spanish conquest of Guatemala</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Spanish conquest of Yucatán</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1625%E2%80%931630)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)">Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Revolt">Dutch Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654%E2%80%931660)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)">Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy in the Caribbean</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1762%E2%80%931763)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763)">Seven Years' War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_and_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Spain and the American Revolutionary War">Spain and the American Revolutionary War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts with indigenous peoples during colonial rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixt%C3%B3n_War" title="Mixtón War">Mixtón War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_Wars" title="Yaqui Wars">Yaqui Wars</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca_War" title="Chichimeca War">Chichimeca War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_revolts_against_Spain" title="Philippine revolts against Spain">Philippine revolts against Spain</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acaxee_Rebellion" title="Acaxee Rebellion">Acaxee Rebellion</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict" title="Spanish–Moro conflict">Spanish–Moro conflict</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoma Massacre">Acoma Massacre</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehu%C3%A1n_Revolt" title="Tepehuán Revolt">Tepehuán Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzeltal_Rebellion_of_1712" title="Tzeltal Rebellion of 1712">Tzeltal Rebellion</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revolt" title="Pueblo Revolt">Pueblo Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima Revolt">Pima Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American wars of independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central government and administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburg Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philp III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Bourbon Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> (also reigned after Louis I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Ferdinand VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII of Spain</a> (also reigned after <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph I</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viceroys of New Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_New_Spain" title="List of viceroys of New Spain">List of viceroys of New Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia" title="Real Audiencia">Audiencias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Guadalajara" title="Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General of Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Manila" title="Real Audiencia of Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Mexico" title="Real Audiencia of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy General">Captancies General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Captaincy General of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indendancies_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Indendancies of New Spain">Intendancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Mexico" title="State of Mexico">State of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comayagua" title="Comayagua">Comayagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Nicaragua" title="León, Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey" title="Camagüey">Camagüey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla" title="Puebla">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango" title="Durango">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Mérida, Yucatán">Mérida, Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">La Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate" title="Governorate">Gobernaciones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelantado" title="Adelantado">Adelantado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_general" title="Captain general">Captain general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corregidor_(position)" title="Corregidor (position)">Corregidor (position)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">Encomienda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zaragoza" title="Treaty of Zaragoza">Treaty of Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Ryswick" title="Peace of Ryswick">Peace of Ryswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">Peace of Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Breda" title="Congress of Breda">Congress of Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1762)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)">Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Treaty of Córdoba">Treaty of Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable cities, provinces, and territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico_City" title="History of Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Veracruz_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Veracruz (city)">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xalapa" title="Xalapa">Xalapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla_(city)" title="Puebla (city)">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluca" title="Toluca">Toluca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_City" title="Oaxaca City">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campeche_(city)" title="Campeche (city)">Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Mérida, Yucatán">Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango_(city)" title="Durango (city)">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato" title="León, Guanajuato">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanajuato City">Guanajuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas_(city)" title="Zacatecas (city)">Zacatecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachuca" title="Pachuca">Pachuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_(city)" title="Querétaro (city)">Querétaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltillo" title="Saltillo">Saltillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD_(city)" title="San Luis Potosí (city)">San Luis Potosí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_de_Los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Pueblo de Los Ángeles">Los Ángeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerba_Buena,_California" title="Yerba Buena, California">Yerba Buena (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Jose,_California#First_Spanish_pueblo_in_California" title="History of San Jose, California">San José</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Diego" title="Presidio of San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Adaes" title="Los Adaes">Los Adaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Antonio" title="History of San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Havana" title="History of Havana">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Santo_Domingo" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_Guatemala" title="Antigua Guatemala">Antigua Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Manila" title="History of Manila">Manila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces and territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">La Florida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> (<a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Baja California Province">Baja California</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Tejas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Galicia" title="Nueva Galicia">Nueva Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Extremadura" title="Nueva Extremadura">Nueva Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="New Kingdom of León">New Kingdom of León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Spanish Formosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Explorers, adventurers and conquistadors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-New Spain explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_Elcano" title="Juan Sebastián Elcano">Juan Sebastián Elcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Explorers and <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistadors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Juan Ponce de León">Juan Ponce de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu%C3%B1o_de_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Nuño de Guzmán">Nuño de Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernal_D%C3%ADaz_del_Castillo" title="Bernal Díaz del Castillo">Bernal Díaz del Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1nfilo_de_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Pánfilo de Narváez">Pánfilo de Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto" title="Hernando de Soto">Hernando de Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Coronado" title="Francisco Vázquez de Coronado">Francisco Vázquez de Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Villafa%C3%B1e" title="Ángel de Villafañe">Ángel de Villafañe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvar_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca">Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Carvajal_y_de_la_Cueva" title="Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva">Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Juan de Oñate">Juan de Oñate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rez_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Juan José Pérez Hernández">Juan José Pérez Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A1" title="Gaspar de Portolá">Gaspar de Portolá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Quimper" title="Manuel Quimper">Manuel Quimper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Cristóbal de Oñate">Cristóbal de Oñate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Urdaneta" title="Andrés de Urdaneta">Andrés de Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Yucat%C3%A1n_conquistador)" title="Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)">Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(founder_of_Nicaragua)" title="Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua)">Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Gonz%C3%A1lez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Gil González Dávila">Gil González Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Ulloa" title="Francisco de Ulloa">Francisco de Ulloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rez_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Juan José Pérez Hernández">Juan José Pérez Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Alcal%C3%A1_Galiano" title="Dionisio Alcalá Galiano">Dionisio Alcalá Galiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_de_Heceta" title="Bruno de Heceta">Bruno de Heceta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Francisco_de_la_Bodega_y_Quadra" title="Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra">Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alonso de León">Alonso de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_de_Arteaga_y_Baz%C3%A1n" title="Ignacio de Arteaga y Bazán">Ignacio de Arteaga y Bazán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Bustamante_y_Guerra" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Bustamante y Guerra">José de Bustamante y Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="José María Narváez">José María Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Sarmiento_de_Gamboa" title="Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa">Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gil_Y%27Barbo" title="Antonio Gil Y'Barbo">Antonio Gil Y'Barbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage_(priest)" title="Thomas Gage (priest)">Thomas Gage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in New Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish missions in the Americas">Spanish missions in the Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Arizona" title="Spanish missions in Arizona">Spanish missions in Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Baja_California" title="Spanish missions in Baja California">Spanish missions in Baja California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California" title="Spanish missions in California">Spanish missions in California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Carolinas" title="Spanish missions in the Carolinas">Spanish missions in the Carolinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish missions in Florida">Spanish missions in Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Georgia" title="Spanish missions in Georgia">Spanish missions in Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish missions in Louisiana">Spanish missions in Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Mexico" title="Spanish missions in Mexico">Spanish missions in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_New_Mexico" title="Spanish missions in New Mexico">Spanish missions in New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Sonoran_Desert" title="Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert">Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Texas" title="Spanish missions in Texas">Spanish missions in Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajac%C3%A1n_Mission" title="Ajacán Mission">Spanish missions in Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Trinidad" title="Spanish missions in Trinidad">Spanish missions in Trinidad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Friars, fathers, priests, and bishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Gante" title="Pedro de Gante">Pedro de Gante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B3nimo_de_Aguilar" title="Gerónimo de Aguilar">Gerónimo de Aguilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toribio_de_Benavente_Motolinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Toribio de Benavente Motolinia">Toribio de Benavente Motolinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Bernardino de Sahagún">Bernardino de Sahagún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Zum%C3%A1rraga" title="Juan de Zumárraga">Juan de Zumárraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Mont%C3%BAfar" title="Alonso de Montúfar">Alonso de Montúfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_de_Quiroga" title="Vasco de Quiroga">Vasco de Quiroga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas" title="Bartolomé de las Casas">Bartolomé de las Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Molina" title="Alonso de Molina">Alonso de Molina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Dur%C3%A1n" title="Diego Durán">Diego Durán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Landa" title="Diego de Landa">Diego de Landa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B3nimo_de_Mendieta" title="Gerónimo de Mendieta">Gerónimo de Mendieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fray_Juan_de_Torquemada" title="Fray Juan de Torquemada">Juan de Torquemada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Palafox_y_Mendoza" title="Juan de Palafox y Mendoza">Juan de Palafox y Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora" title="Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora">Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Kino" title="Eusebio Kino">Eusebio Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Clavijero" title="Francisco Javier Clavijero">Francisco Javier Clavijero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pal%C3%B3u" title="Francisco Palóu">Francisco Palóu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferm%C3%ADn_de_Lasu%C3%A9n" title="Fermín de Lasuén">Fermín de Lasuén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_T%C3%A1pis" title="Esteban Tápis">Esteban Tápis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Francisco_de_Paula_Se%C3%B1an" title="José Francisco de Paula Señan">José Francisco de Paula Señan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%A0_Paieres_i_Borr%C3%A0s" title="Marià Paieres i Borràs">Mariano Payeras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Montero" title="Sebastián Montero">Sebastián Montero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_de_Niza" title="Marcos de Niza">Marcos de Niza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Ayeta" title="Francisco de Ayeta">Francisco de Ayeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Margil" title="Antonio Margil">Antonio Margil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Marroqu%C3%ADn" title="Francisco Marroquín">Francisco Marroquín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Abad_y_Queipo" title="Manuel Abad y Queipo">Manuel Abad y Queipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla" title="Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla">Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Morelos" title="José María Morelos">José María Morelos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe">Our Lady of Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Suppression of the Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_mission_clash_of_cultures" title="California mission clash of cultures">California mission clash of cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_system" title="Cargo system">Cargo system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reductions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Reductions">Indian Reductions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesoamerican</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huastec_people" title="Huastec people">Huastec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarascan_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarascan state">P'urhépecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totonac" title="Totonac">Totonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowoj" title="Kowoj">Kowoj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCiche%CA%BC_people" title="Kʼicheʼ people">Kʼicheʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaqchikel_people" title="Kaqchikel people">Kaqchikel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_peoples" title="Zapotec peoples">Zapotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poqomam_people" title="Poqomam people">Poqomam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mam_people" title="Mam people">Mam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciboney" title="Ciboney">Ciboney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanahatabey" title="Guanahatabey">Guanahatabey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Indians" title="Mission Indians">Mission Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o" title="Cupeño">Cupeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juane%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Juaneño">Juaneño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o" title="Luiseño">Luiseño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok" title="Miwok">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone" title="Ohlone">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrano_people" title="Serrano people">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongva" title="Tongva">Tongva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica (Southwest US)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akimel_O%27odham" title="Akimel O'odham">Akimel O'odham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualapai" title="Hualapai">Hualapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebloans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloans">Pueblo peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan">Quechan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solano_people" title="Solano people">Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%27odham" class="mw-redirect" title="Tohono O'odham">Tohono O'odham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaxee" title="Acaxee">Acaxee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca" title="Chichimeca">Chichimeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuiltecan" title="Coahuiltecan">Coahuiltecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochim%C3%AD" title="Cochimí">Cochimí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocopah" title="Cocopah">Cocopah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliwa_people" title="Kiliwa people">Kiliwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Junta_Indians" title="La Junta Indians">La Junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opata_people" title="Opata people">Opata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehu%C3%A1n" title="Tepehuán">Tepehuán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Plains">Southern Plains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caddo" title="Caddo">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipan_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipan Apache">Lipan Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Apache" title="Plains Apache">Plains Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkawa" title="Tonkawa">Tonkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_people" title="Wichita people">Wichita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Southeastern_Woodlands" title="Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands">Southeastern Woodlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_and_peoples_visited_by_the_Hernando_de_Soto_Expedition" title="List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition">Indigenous people during De Soto's travels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apalachee" title="Apalachee">Apalachee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calusa" title="Calusa">Calusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jororo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jororo">Jororo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensacola_people" title="Pensacola people">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole" title="Seminole">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timucua" title="Timucua">Timucua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yustaga" title="Yustaga">Yustaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igorot_people" title="Igorot people">Igorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangyan" title="Mangyan">Mangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_Palawan" title="Peoples of Palawan">Peoples of Palawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati_people" title="Ati people">Ati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panay" title="Panay">Panay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajau_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajau people">Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_people" title="Cebuano people">Cebuano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_by_country" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baroque_architecture_in_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Category:Baroque architecture in the Spanish Empire">Colonial Baroque style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_colonial_fortifications" title="Category:Spanish colonial fortifications">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_missions_in_the_Americas" title="Category:Spanish missions in the Americas">Missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade and economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_real" title="Spanish colonial real">Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila galleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_trade" title="Triangular trade">Triangular trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People and classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta" title="Casta">Casta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peninsulares" title="Peninsulares">Peninsulares</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castizo" title="Castizo">Castizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholo" title="Cholo">Coyotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Pardos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambo" title="Zambo">Zambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Negros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza" title="Juan Bautista de Anza">Juan Bautista de Anza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla" title="Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla">Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Kino" title="Eusebio Kino">Eusebio Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Malinche" title="La Malinche">La Malinche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferm%C3%ADn_de_Lasu%C3%A9n" title="Fermín de Lasuén">Fermín de Lasuén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limahong" title="Limahong">Limahong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_II" title="Moctezuma II">Moctezuma II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasekura_Tsunenaga" title="Hasekura Tsunenaga">Hasekura Tsunenaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_Spain" title="Category:New Spain">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States359" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States359" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3478" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3478" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit 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text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205031/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdcxpDcf87j9c4XRYFVG3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4102053-4">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79046257">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12338977k">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12338977k">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge132305&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05874758?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032341547">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045325">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=76152">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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