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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Functions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Functions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Functions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deliberation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deliberation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Deliberation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deliberation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authorizing_expenditure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authorizing_expenditure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Authorizing expenditure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authorizing_expenditure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oversight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oversight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Oversight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oversight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function_in_authoritarian_regimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function_in_authoritarian_regimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Function in authoritarian regimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function_in_authoritarian_regimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Internal organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_to_other_branches_of_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_to_other_branches_of_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Relation to other branches of government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_to_other_branches_of_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chambers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chambers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Chambers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chambers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Size" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Size</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Size-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Legislature</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 106 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetgewer" title="Wetgewer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wetgewer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative" title="Legislative – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Legislative" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8C%8D_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%8D%E1%8C%AD" title="ህግ አውጭ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ህግ አውጭ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سلطة تشريعية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلطة تشريعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_llexislativu" title="Poder llexislativu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Poder llexislativu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanunverici_hakimiyy%C9%99t" title="Qanunverici hakimiyyət – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qanunverici hakimiyyət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88" title="موقننه گوجو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موقننه گوجو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE" title="আইনসভা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইনসভা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%CC%8Dp-hoat_ki-koan" title="Li̍p-hoat ki-koan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Li̍p-hoat ki-koan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Заканадаўчая ўлада – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заканадаўчая ўлада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Заканадаўчая ўлада – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Заканадаўчая ўлада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehislatura" title="Lehislatura – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lehislatura" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Законодателна власт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Законодателна власт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakonodavna_vlast" title="Zakonodavna vlast – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zakonodavna vlast" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dael" title="Dael – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dael" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_legislatiu" title="Poder legislatiu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Poder legislatiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1konod%C3%A1rn%C3%A1_moc" title="Zákonodárná moc – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zákonodárná moc" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deddfwrfa" title="Deddfwrfa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Deddfwrfa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovgivende_magt" title="Lovgivende magt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lovgivende magt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative" title="Legislative – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Legislative" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seadusandlik_v%C3%B5im" title="Seadusandlik võim – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seadusandlik võim" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Νομοθετικό σώμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νομοθετικό σώμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_legislativo" title="Poder legislativo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Poder legislativo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%9Ddona_povo" title="Leĝdona povo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leĝdona povo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botere_legegile" title="Botere legegile – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Botere legegile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%82%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87" title="قوه مقننه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوه مقننه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pouvoir_l%C3%A9gislatif" title="Pouvoir législatif – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pouvoir législatif" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetjouwende_macht" title="Wetjouwende macht – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wetjouwende macht" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaiyl_slattyssagh" title="Quaiyl slattyssagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Quaiyl slattyssagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_lexislativo" title="Poder lexislativo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Poder lexislativo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%CC%8Dp-fap" title="Li̍p-fap – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Li̍p-fap" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EB%B2%95%EB%B6%80" title="입법부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="입법부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A4%D5%AB%D6%80_%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Օրենսդիր իշխանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օրենսդիր իշխանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="विधायिका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विधायिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislatiwa" title="Legislatiwa – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Legislatiwa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakonodavna_vlast" title="Zakonodavna vlast – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zakonodavna vlast" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legifantaro" title="Legifantaro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Legifantaro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislatif" title="Legislatif – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Legislatif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ggjafarvald" title="Löggjafarvald – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Löggjafarvald" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potere_legislativo" title="Potere legislativo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potere legislativo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A7%D7%AA" title="רשות מחוקקת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רשות מחוקקת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislatif" title="Legislatif – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Legislatif" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97" title="ಶಾಸಕಾಂಗ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶಾಸಕಾಂಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9B%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="საკანონმდებლო ხელისუფლება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საკანონმდებლო ხელისუფლება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D2%A3_%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Заң шығарушы билік – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Заң шығарушы билік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pouvwa_lejislatif" title="Pouvwa lejislatif – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pouvwa lejislatif" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Мыйзам чыгаруу бийлиги – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мыйзам чыгаруу бийлиги" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ອົງກອນນິຕິບັນຍັດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອົງກອນນິຕິບັນຍັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potestas_legifera" title="Potestas legifera – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Potestas legifera" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likumdo%C5%A1anas_vara" title="Likumdošanas vara – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Likumdošanas vara" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislativ" title="Legislativ – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Legislativ" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AEstatym%C5%B3_leid%C5%BEiamoji_vald%C5%BEia" title="Įstatymų leidžiamoji valdžia – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Įstatymų leidžiamoji valdžia" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislatieve_mach" title="Legislatieve mach – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Legislatieve mach" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_legislativ" title="Poder legislativ – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Poder legislativ" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rv%C3%A9nyhoz%C3%A1s" title="Törvényhozás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törvényhozás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Законодавна власт – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Законодавна власт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahefana_mpanao_lal%C3%A0na" title="Fahefana mpanao lalàna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fahefana mpanao lalàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AD" title="നിയമനിർമ്മാണസഭ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിയമനിർമ്മാണസഭ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B3" title="विधिमंडळ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विधिमंडळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="سلطه تشريعيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلطه تشريعيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_perundangan" title="Badan perundangan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Badan perundangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="လွှတ်တော် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လွှတ်တော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetgevende_macht" title="Wetgevende macht – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wetgevende macht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="व्यवस्थापिका – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="व्यवस्थापिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%9C" title="立法府 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="立法府" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovgivende_makt" title="Lovgivende makt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lovgivende makt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_lovgjevande_makta" title="Den lovgjevande makta – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den lovgjevande makta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_legislatiu" title="Poder legislatiu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Poder legislatiu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qonun_chiqaruvchi_hokimiyat" title="Qonun chiqaruvchi hokimiyat – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qonun chiqaruvchi hokimiyat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਿਧਾਨਪਾਲਿਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਧਾਨਪਾਲਿਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D9%86%D9%86%DB%81" title="مقننہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مقننہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_legislativo" title="Poder legislativo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Poder legislativo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%93%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="قانون جوړونه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قانون جوړونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesettgevend_Macht" title="Gesettgevend Macht – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gesettgevend Macht" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adza_ustawodawcza" title="Władza ustawodawcza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Władza ustawodawcza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_legislativo" title="Poder legislativo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Poder legislativo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislativ" title="Legislativ – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legislativ" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamachi_quq_atiy" title="Kamachi quq atiy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kamachi quq atiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Законодательная власть – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Законодательная власть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislatur" title="Legislatur – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Legislatur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legjislatura" title="Legjislatura – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Legjislatura" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Legislature" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88" title="قانون ساز ادارو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قانون ساز ادارو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1konodarn%C3%A1_moc" title="Zákonodarná moc – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zákonodarná moc" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakonodajna_oblast" title="Zakonodajna oblast – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zakonodajna oblast" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharcidajin" title="Sharcidajin – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sharcidajin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Законодавна власт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Законодавна власт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakonodavna_vlast" title="Zakonodavna vlast – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zakonodavna vlast" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gislatip" title="Législatip – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Législatip" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lains%C3%A4%C3%A4d%C3%A4nt%C3%B6valta" title="Lainsäädäntövalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lainsäädäntövalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagstiftande_f%C3%B6rsamling" title="Lagstiftande församling – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lagstiftande församling" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagapagbatas" title="Tagapagbatas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tagapagbatas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="சட்டவாக்க அவை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சட்டவாக்க அவை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="చట్టసభలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చట్టసభలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="สภานิติบัญญัติ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สภานิติบัญญัติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%93%E1%8C%8B%E1%8C%8A_%E1%8A%A3%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8D" title="ሓጋጊ ኣካል – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሓጋጊ ኣካል" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ҳокимияти қонунбарор – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳокимияти қонунбарор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasama_organ%C4%B1" title="Yasama organı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yasama organı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Законодавча влада – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Законодавча влада" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D9%86%D9%86%DB%81" title="مقننہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مقننہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_quan_l%E1%BA%ADp_ph%C3%A1p" title="Cơ quan lập pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ quan lập pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="立法机关 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="立法机关" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="立法機構 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="立法機構" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="立法机关 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="立法机关" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislatif" title="Legislatif – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Legislatif" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11204#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">Politics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="display:block; margin-bottom:0.5em; background:transparent;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science" title="Outline of political science">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_politics_articles" title="Index of politics articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Primary topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science" title="Outline of political science">Outline of political science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_politics_articles" title="Index of politics articles">Index of politics articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics by country">Politics by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_country_subdivisions" title="Politics of country subdivisions">Politics by subdivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history" title="Political history">Political history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_world" title="Political history of the world">Political history of the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Political_system" title="Political system">Political systems</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">Collective leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Confessional system">Confessional system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorial_system" title="Directorial system">Directorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federacy" title="Federacy">Federacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_regime" title="Hybrid regime">Hybrid regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">Presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-parliamentary_system" title="Semi-parliamentary system">Semi-parliamentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">Semi-presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Academic disciplines</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">Political science</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_political_scientists" title="List of political scientists">political scientists</a>)</span></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">International relations</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/International_relations_theory" title="International relations theory">theory</a>)</span></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_politics" title="Comparative politics">Comparative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_science" title="Election science">Election science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psephology" title="Psephology">Political analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_studies" title="Policy studies">Policy studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_psychology" title="Political psychology">Political psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_sociology" title="Political sociology">Political sociology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Public administration</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">Bureaucracy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Street-level_bureaucracy" title="Street-level bureaucracy">street-level</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhocracy" title="Adhocracy">Adhocracy</a></li> <li>Service <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Public_service" title="Public service">Public</a> / <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">Civil</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">Policy</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">Public policy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Public_policy_doctrine" title="Public policy doctrine">doctrine</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy" title="Domestic policy">Domestic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">Civil society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_interest" title="Public interest">Public interest</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Government branches</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_commission" title="Election commission">Election commission</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">Polity</a> / <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_political_behavior" title="Theories of political behavior">Theories of political behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biology_and_political_orientation" title="Biology and political orientation">Biology and political orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_organisation" title="Political organisation">Political organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: 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sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legislature</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Legislative_chamber" title="Legislative chamber">Chambers</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">Bicameralism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li></ul> <div style="padding-top:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senate" title="Senate">Senate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group" title="Parliamentary group">Parliamentary group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">Parliamentary leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">Member of parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whip_(politics)" title="Whip (politics)">Whip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_(legislature)" title="Clerk (legislature)">Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_parliament" title="International parliament">International parliament</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure" title="Parliamentary procedure">Parliamentary procedure</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee" title="Committee">Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">Quorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Motion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">no-confidence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_meeting" title="Mass meeting">Mass meeting</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress" title="Congress">Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/Member_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Congress">Member of Congress</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council" title="Municipal council">Municipal council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">Councillor</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Estates" title="The Estates">The Estates</a> (States-General)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">Legislatures by country</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Legislature" title="Template:Legislature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Legislature" title="Template talk:Legislature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Legislature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Legislature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Parlament-20090730-RM-110352.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/London_Parlament-20090730-RM-110352.jpg/300px-London_Parlament-20090730-RM-110352.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/London_Parlament-20090730-RM-110352.jpg/450px-London_Parlament-20090730-RM-110352.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/London_Parlament-20090730-RM-110352.jpg/600px-London_Parlament-20090730-RM-110352.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3952" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>, where the legislature of the United Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>, meets, located in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>legislature</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Deliberative_assembly" title="Deliberative assembly">deliberative assembly</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">legal authority</a> to make <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">laws</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">political entity</a> such as a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a> or <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a> on behalf of the people therein. They are often contrasted with the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a> powers of <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>. Legislatures can exist at different levels of government–national, state/provincial/regional, local, even supranational (such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>). Countries differ as to what extent they grant deliberative assemblies at the subnational law-making power, as opposed to purely administrative responsibilities. </p><p>Laws enacted by legislatures are usually known as primary legislation. In addition, legislatures may observe and steer governing actions, with authority to amend the budget involved. </p><p>The members of a legislature are called legislators. In a democracy, legislators are most commonly popularly <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elected</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirect election</a> and appointment by the executive are also used, particularly for <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> legislatures featuring an <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legislation_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Legislation_map.png/400px-Legislation_map.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Legislation_map.png/600px-Legislation_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Legislation_map.png/800px-Legislation_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the terminology for each country's national legislature</figcaption></figure> <p>The name used to refer to a legislative body varies by country. </p><p>Common names include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_assembly" title="Legislative assembly">Assembly</a> (from Old French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">asemblee</i></span>, cf. assemble)</li> <li>Congress (from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">congressum</i></span>, "having gone together")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_council" title="Legislative council">Council</a> (from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">concilium</i></span>, "calling out with, uniting")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_(assembly)" title="Diet (assembly)">Diet</a> (from Ancient Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">díaita</i></span>, "lifestyle, discussion, decision")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Estates" title="The Estates">Estates</a> or States (from Old French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">estat</i></span>, "condition, state, the state")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a> (from Old French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">parlement</i></span>, "talking") <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Madama_(Roma).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Palazzo_Madama_%28Roma%29.jpg/220px-Palazzo_Madama_%28Roma%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Palazzo_Madama_%28Roma%29.jpg/330px-Palazzo_Madama_%28Roma%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Palazzo_Madama_%28Roma%29.jpg/440px-Palazzo_Madama_%28Roma%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7444" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Madama,_Rome" title="Palazzo Madama, Rome">Palazzo Madama</a> is the seat of the upper house of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italian Parliament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a></figcaption></figure></li></ul> <p>By names: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Chamber of Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Chamber of Representatives (disambiguation)">Chamber of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly" title="House of Assembly">House of Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Chiefs" title="House of Chiefs">House of Chiefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives" title="House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_assembly" title="Legislative assembly">Legislative assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_council" title="Legislative council">Legislative council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly" title="National Assembly">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate" title="Senate">Senate</a></li></ul> <p>By languages: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_(disambiguation)#Institutions" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cortes (disambiguation)">Cortes</a> (from Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">cortes</i></span>, "courts")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duma" title="Duma">Duma</a> (from Russian <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">dúma</i></span>, "thought")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> (from Hebrew <span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">k'néset</i></span>, "meeting")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majlis" title="Majlis">Majlis</a> (from Arabic <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">majlis</i></span>, "sitting room")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a> (From Irish <i>airecht/oireacht</i>, "deliberative assembly of freemen")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rada" title="Rada">Rada</a> (from Polish <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">rada</i></span>, "'advice, decision")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Reichstag (disambiguation)">Reichstag</a> (from German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichstag</i></span>, "assembly of the empire") <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landtag" title="Landtag">Landtag</a> (from German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landtag</i></span>, "assembly of the country")</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansad_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sansad (disambiguation)">Sansad</a> (from Sanskrit <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa-Latn">saṃsada</i></span>, "assembly")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a> (from Polish <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">sejm</i></span>, "take with, assembly")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_(council)" title="Soviet (council)">Soviet</a> (from Russian <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">sovét</i></span>, "council")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thing_(assembly)" title="Thing (assembly)">Thing</a> (from Proto-Germanic <i>*þingą</i>, "meeting, matter discussed at a meeting") <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Husting" title="Husting">Husting</a> (from Old Norse <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">húsþing</i></span>, "house meeting")</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veche" title="Veche">Veche</a> (from Old East Slavic <span title="Old East Slavic-language text"><i lang="orv">věče</i></span>, "council, agreement")</li></ul> <p>Though the specific roles for each legislature differ by location, they all aim to serve the same purpose of appointing officials to represent their citizens to determine appropriate <a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">legislation for the country.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the earliest recognised formal legislatures was the <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athenian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(ancient_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesia (ancient Athens)">Ecclesia</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, European monarchs would host assemblies of the nobility, which would later develop into predecessors of modern legislatures.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were often named <a href="/wiki/The_Estates" title="The Estates">the Estates</a>. The oldest surviving legislature is the <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Icelandic</a> <a href="/wiki/Althing" title="Althing">Althing</a>, founded in 930 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-eu-oldest_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-oldest-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions">Functions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Democratic legislatures have six major functions: representation, deliberation, legislation, authorizing expenditure, making governments, and oversight.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Representation">Representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There exist five ways that representation can be achieved in a legislature:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Formalistically: how the rules of the legislature ensure representation of constituents;</li> <li>Symbolically: how the constituents perceive their representatives;</li> <li>Descriptively: how well the composition of the legislature matches the demographics of the wider society;</li> <li>Substantively: how well representatives actually respond to the needs of their constituents;</li> <li>Collectively: how well the representatives represent the interests of the society as a whole.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deliberation">Deliberation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Deliberation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the major functions of a legislature is to discuss and debate issues of major importance to society.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This activity can take place in two forms. In debating legislatures, such as the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>, the floor of the legislature frequently sees lively debate.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, in committee-based legislatures like the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>, deliberation takes place in closed committees.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation">Legislation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While legislatures have nominally the sole power to create laws, the substantive extent of this power depends on details of the political system. In <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster-style</a> legislatures the executive (composed of the cabinet) can essentially pass any laws it wants, as it usually has a majority of legislators behind it, kept in check by the party whip, while committee-based legislatures in continental Europe and those in <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential systems</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> have more independence in drafting and amending bills.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Authorizing_expenditure">Authorizing expenditure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Authorizing expenditure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of the <a href="/wiki/Power_of_the_purse" title="Power of the purse">power of the purse</a> which legislatures typically have in passing or denying <a href="/wiki/Government_budget" title="Government budget">government budgets</a> goes back to the European assemblies of nobility which the <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarchs</a> would have to consult before raising taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this power to be actually effective, the legislature should be able to amend the budget, have an effective committee system, enough time for consideration, as well as access to relevant background information.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oversight">Oversight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Oversight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several ways in which the legislature can hold the executive branch (the administration or government) accountable. This can be done through hearings, <a href="/wiki/Question_time" title="Question time">questioning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interpellation_(politics)" title="Interpellation (politics)">interpellations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">votes of confidence</a>, the formation of committees.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parliaments are usually ensured with upholding the rule of law, verifying that public funds are used accountably and efficiently as well as make government processes transparent and actions so that they can be debated by the public and its representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agora notes that parliamentary systems or political parties in which political leaders can influence or decide which members receive top jobs can lead to passivity amongst members of the party and less challenging of leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agora notes that this phenomenon is acute if the election of a member is dependent on the support of political leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Function_in_authoritarian_regimes">Function in authoritarian regimes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Function in authoritarian regimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In contrast to <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> systems, legislatures under <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a> are used to ensure the stability of the power structure by co-opting potential competing interests within the elites, which they achieve by:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Providing legitimacy;</li> <li>Incorporating opponents into the system;</li> <li>Providing some representation of outside interests;</li> <li>Offering a way to recruit new members to the ruling clique;</li> <li>Being a channel through which limited grievances and concessions can be passed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internal_organization">Internal organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Internal organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each chamber of the legislature consists of a number of legislators who use some form of <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure" title="Parliamentary procedure">parliamentary procedure</a> to debate political issues and vote on proposed legislation. There must be a certain number of legislators present to carry out these activities; this is called a <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a>. </p><p>Some of the responsibilities of a legislature, such as giving first consideration to newly proposed legislation, are usually delegated to <a href="/wiki/Committee" title="Committee">committees</a> made up of a few of the members of the chamber(s). </p><p>The members of a legislature usually represent different <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political parties</a>; the members from each party generally meet as a <a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">caucus</a> to organize their internal affairs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_to_other_branches_of_government">Relation to other branches of government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Relation to other branches of government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legislatures vary widely in the amount of <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">political</a> <a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">power</a> they wield, compared to other political players such as <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">militaries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executives</a>. In 2009, political scientists <a href="/wiki/Steven_Fish" title="Steven Fish">M. Steven Fish</a> and Matthew Kroenig constructed a Parliamentary powers index in an attempt to quantify the different degrees of power among national legislatures. The German <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italian Parliament</a>, and the Mongolian <a href="/wiki/State_Great_Khural" title="State Great Khural">State Great Khural</a> tied for most powerful, while Myanmar's <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Myanmar)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives (Myanmar)">House of Representatives</a> and Somalia's <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Federal_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Transitional Federal Parliament">Transitional Federal Assembly</a> (since replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Federal Parliament of Somalia</a>) tied for least powerful.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some political systems follows the principle of <a href="/wiki/Legislative_supremacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative supremacy">legislative supremacy</a>, which holds that the legislature is the supreme branch of government and cannot be bound by other institutions, such as the judicial branch or a written <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a>. Such a system renders the legislature more powerful. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential</a> systems of <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive</a> is responsible to the legislature, which may remove it with a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">vote of no confidence</a>. On the other hand, according to the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a> doctrine, the legislature in a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential system</a> is considered an independent and coequal branch of government along with both the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial branch">judiciary</a> and the executive.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, many presidential systems provide for the <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a> of the executive for criminal or unconstitutional behaviour. </p><p>Legislatures will sometimes delegate their legislative power to <a href="/wiki/Administrative_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative agency">administrative</a> or <a href="/wiki/Executive_agency" title="Executive agency">executive agencies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbrod_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schoenbrod-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Members">Members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mandate_(politics)" title="Mandate (politics)">Mandate (politics)</a></div> <p>Legislatures are made up of individual members, known as <a href="/wiki/Legislator" title="Legislator">legislators</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Voting" title="Voting">vote</a> on proposed laws. A legislature usually contains a fixed number of legislators; because legislatures usually meet in a specific room filled with seats for the legislators, this is often described as the number of "seats" it contains. For example, a legislature that has 100 "seats" has 100 members. By extension, an <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">electoral district</a> that elects a single legislator can also be described as a "seat", as, for example, in the phrases "<a href="/wiki/Safe_seat" title="Safe seat">safe seat</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Marginal_seat" title="Marginal seat">marginal seat</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After election, the members may be protected by <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_immunity" title="Parliamentary immunity">parliamentary immunity</a> or <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_privilege" title="Parliamentary privilege">parliamentary privilege</a>, either for all actions the duration of their entire term, or for just those related to their legislative duties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chambers">Chambers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chambers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_panor%C3%A1mica_del_Hemiciclo_de_sesiones_del_Congreso_del_Peru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Vista_panor%C3%A1mica_del_Hemiciclo_de_sesiones_del_Congreso_del_Peru.jpg/260px-Vista_panor%C3%A1mica_del_Hemiciclo_de_sesiones_del_Congreso_del_Peru.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Vista_panor%C3%A1mica_del_Hemiciclo_de_sesiones_del_Congreso_del_Peru.jpg/390px-Vista_panor%C3%A1mica_del_Hemiciclo_de_sesiones_del_Congreso_del_Peru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Vista_panor%C3%A1mica_del_Hemiciclo_de_sesiones_del_Congreso_del_Peru.jpg/520px-Vista_panor%C3%A1mica_del_Hemiciclo_de_sesiones_del_Congreso_del_Peru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Peru" title="Congress of the Republic of Peru">Congress of the Republic of Peru</a>, the country's national legislature, meets in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Palace_(Peru)" title="Legislative Palace (Peru)">Legislative Palace</a> in 2010.</figcaption></figure> <p>A legislature may <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote">vote</a> upon <a href="/wiki/Bill_(proposed_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill (proposed law)">bills</a> as a single unit, or it may be composed of multiple separate <a href="/wiki/Deliberative_assembly" title="Deliberative assembly">assemblies</a>, called by various names including <a href="/wiki/Chambers_of_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambers of parliament"><i>legislative chambers</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Debate_chamber" title="Debate chamber"><i>debate chambers</i></a>, and <i>houses</i>, which debate and vote separately and have distinct powers. A legislature which operates as a single unit is <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a>, one divided into two chambers is <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a>, and one divided into three chambers is <a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">tricameral</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Commons_Chamber_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/House_of_Commons_Chamber_1.png/220px-House_of_Commons_Chamber_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/House_of_Commons_Chamber_1.png/330px-House_of_Commons_Chamber_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/House_of_Commons_Chamber_1.png/440px-House_of_Commons_Chamber_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>The British <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>, its lower house</figcaption></figure> <p>In bicameral legislatures, one chamber is usually considered the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a>, while the other is considered the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a>. The two types are not rigidly different, but members of upper houses tend to be indirectly elected or appointed rather than directly elected, tend to be allocated by <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative divisions</a> rather than by population, and tend to have longer terms than members of the lower house. In some systems, particularly <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary systems</a>, the upper house has less power and tends to have a more advisory role, but in others, particularly <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential systems</a>, the upper house has equal or even greater power. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg/220px-Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg/330px-Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg/440px-Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1937" data-file-height="1441" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a>, its theoretical lower house</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federations</a>, the upper house typically represents the federation's component states. This is also the case with the supranational legislature of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. The upper house may either contain the delegates of state governments – as in the European Union and in Germany and, <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">before 1913, in the United States</a> – or be elected according to a formula that grants equal representation to states with smaller populations, as is the case in Australia and the United States since 1913. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Senate_panorama.jpg/400px-Senate_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Senate_panorama.jpg/600px-Senate_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Senate_panorama.jpg/800px-Senate_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3741" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Australian Senate</a>, its upper house</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tricameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricameral">Tricameral</a> legislatures are rare; the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Massachusetts Governor's Council</a> still exists, but the most recent national example existed in the waning years of White-minority rule in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tetracameralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracameralism">Tetracameral</a> legislatures no longer exist, but they were previously used in Scandinavia. The only legislature with a number of chambers bigger than four was the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Assembly of Yugoslavia">Federal Assembly of Yugoslavia</a>; initially established as a Pentacameral body in 1963, it was turned into a hexacameral body in 1967. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Size">Size</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Size"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_number_of_members" title="List of legislatures by number of members">List of legislatures by number of members</a></div> <p>Legislatures vary widely in their size. Among <a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_number_of_members" title="List of legislatures by number of members">national legislatures</a>, China's <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> is the largest with 2,980 members,<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Pontifical Commission</a> is the smallest with 7.<sup id="cite_ref-Vatican_size_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican_size-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither legislature is democratically elected: The Pontifical Commission members are appointed by the Pope and the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> is <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirectly elected</a> within the context of a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vatican_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vatican-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Legislature size is a trade off between efficiency and representation; the smaller the legislature, the more efficiently it can operate, but the larger the legislature, the better it can represent the political diversity of its constituents. Comparative analysis of national legislatures has found that size of a country's <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> tends to be proportional to the <a href="/wiki/Cube_root" title="Cube root">cube root</a> of its <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">population</a>; that is, the size of the lower house tends to increase along with population, but much more slowly.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" 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href="/wiki/Highest_organ_of_state_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest organ of state power">Highest organ of state power</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2011" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Roach_(phonetician)" title="Peter Roach (phonetician)">Roach, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jane_Setter" title="Jane Setter">Setter, Jane</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Esling" title="John Esling">Esling, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</a></i> (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6"><bdi>978-0-521-15255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15255-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHague2017" class="citation book cs1">Hague, Rod (14 October 2017). <i>Political science : a comparative introduction</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">128–</span>130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-60123-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-60123-0"><bdi>978-1-137-60123-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/961119208">961119208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+science+%3A+a+comparative+introduction&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E128-%3C%2Fspan%3E130&rft.date=2017-10-14&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F961119208&rft.isbn=978-1-137-60123-0&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=Rod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eu-oldest-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eu-oldest_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115082348/http://europa.eu/youth/is/article/61/4215_en">"A short history of Alþingi – the oldest parliament in the world"</a>. <i>europa.eu</i>. The European Union. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/youth/is/article/61/4215_en">the original</a> on 15 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europa.eu&rft.atitle=A+short+history+of+Al%C3%BEingi+%E2%80%93+the+oldest+parliament+in+the+world&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Fyouth%2Fis%2Farticle%2F61%2F4215_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHague2017" class="citation book cs1">Hague, Rod (14 October 2017). <i>Political science : a comparative introduction</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">130–</span>131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-60123-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-60123-0"><bdi>978-1-137-60123-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/961119208">961119208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+science+%3A+a+comparative+introduction&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E130-%3C%2Fspan%3E131&rft.date=2017-10-14&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F961119208&rft.isbn=978-1-137-60123-0&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=Rod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHague2017" class="citation book cs1">Hague, Rod (14 October 2017). <i>Political science : a comparative introduction</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">131–</span>132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-60123-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-60123-0"><bdi>978-1-137-60123-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/961119208">961119208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+science+%3A+a+comparative+introduction&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E131-%3C%2Fspan%3E132&rft.date=2017-10-14&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F961119208&rft.isbn=978-1-137-60123-0&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=Rod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agora-parl.org/resources/aoe/parliamentary-function-oversight">"Parliamentary Function of Oversight | Agora"</a>. <i>www.agora-parl.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.agora-parl.org&rft.atitle=Parliamentary+Function+of+Oversight+%7C+Agora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agora-parl.org%2Fresources%2Faoe%2Fparliamentary-function-oversight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHague2017" class="citation book cs1">Hague, Rod (14 October 2017). <i>Political science : a comparative introduction</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-60123-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-60123-0"><bdi>978-1-137-60123-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/961119208">961119208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+science+%3A+a+comparative+introduction&rft.date=2017-10-14&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F961119208&rft.isbn=978-1-137-60123-0&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=Rod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFishKroenig2009" class="citation book cs1">Fish, M. Steven; Kroenig, Matthew (2009). <i>The handbook of national legislatures: a global survey</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-51466-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-51466-8"><bdi>978-0-521-51466-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+handbook+of+national+legislatures%3A+a+global+survey&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-51466-8&rft.aulast=Fish&rft.aufirst=M.+Steven&rft.au=Kroenig%2C+Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081017164441/http://www.undp.org/governance/docs/Parl-Pub-govern.htm">"Governing Systems and Executive-Legislative Relations (Presidential, Parliamentary and Hybrid Systems)"</a>. United Nations Development Programme. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undp.org/governance/docs/Parl-Pub-govern.htm">the original</a> on 17 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Governing+Systems+and+Executive-Legislative+Relations+%28Presidential%2C+Parliamentary+and+Hybrid+Systems%29&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fgovernance%2Fdocs%2FParl-Pub-govern.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbrod-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schoenbrod_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenbrod2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Schoenbrod" title="David Schoenbrod">Schoenbrod, David</a> (2008). "Delegation". In <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hamowy" title="Ronald Hamowy">Hamowy, Ronald</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC"><i>The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism</i></a>. Thousand Oaks, CA: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">SAGE</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">117–</span>18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412965811.n74">10.4135/9781412965811.n74</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-6580-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-6580-4"><bdi>978-1-4129-6580-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2008009151">2008009151</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/750831024">750831024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Delegation&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.pub=SAGE%3B+Cato+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F750831024&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2008009151&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412965811.n74&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4&rft.aulast=Schoenbrod&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyxNgXs3TkJYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/Backg/Terminology.htm">"Terminology"</a>. <i>Parliament of Tasmania</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305170310/https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/Backg/Terminology.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+of+Tasmania&rft.atitle=Terminology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.tas.gov.au%2Ftpl%2FBackg%2FTerminology.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPU-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/mod-general.asp">"IPU PARLINE database: "General information" module"</a>. <i>IPU Parline Database</i>. International Parliamentary Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806150648/http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/mod-general.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IPU+Parline+Database&rft.atitle=IPU+PARLINE+database%3A+%22General+information%22+module&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipu.org%2Fparline-e%2Fmod-general.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vatican_size-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vatican_size_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en/stato-e-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/organigramma/stato-citta-del-vaticano.html">"Vatican City State"</a>. Vatican City State. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181125161949/http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en/stato-e-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/organigramma/stato-citta-del-vaticano.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+City+State&rft.pub=Vatican+City+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fcontent%2Fvaticanstate%2Fen%2Fstato-e-governo%2Fstruttura-del-governatorato%2Forganigramma%2Fstato-citta-del-vaticano.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vatican-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vatican_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope_John_Paul_II2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (26 November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226203911/http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/3F574885-EAD5-47E9-A547-C3717005E861/2522/FundamentalLaw1.pdf">"Fundamental Law of Vatican City State"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vatican City State. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/3F574885-EAD5-47E9-A547-C3717005E861/2522/FundamentalLaw1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fundamental+Law+of+Vatican+City+State&rft.pub=Vatican+City+State&rft.date=2000-11-26&rft.au=Pope+John+Paul+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F3F574885-EAD5-47E9-A547-C3717005E861%2F2522%2FFundamentalLaw1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick2009" class="citation journal cs1">Frederick, Brian (December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1257&context=br_rev">"Not Quite a Full House: The Case for Enlarging the House of Representatives"</a>. <i>Bridgewater Review</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200428223222/https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1257&context=br_rev">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bridgewater+Review&rft.atitle=Not+Quite+a+Full+House%3A+The+Case+for+Enlarging+the+House+of+Representatives&rft.date=2009-12&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvc.bridgew.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1257%26context%3Dbr_rev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislature&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumanKahana2006" class="citation book cs1">Bauman, Richard W.; Kahana, Tsvi, eds. (2006). <i>The least-examined branch: the role of legislatures in the constitutional state</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85954-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85954-7"><bdi>978-0-521-85954-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+least-examined+branch%3A+the+role+of+legislatures+in+the+constitutional+state&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85954-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey2006" class="citation book cs1">Carey, John M. (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse/page/431">"Legislative organization"</a></span>. <i>The Oxford handbook of political institutions</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse/page/431">431–454</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927569-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927569-4"><bdi>978-0-19-927569-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Legislative+organization&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+handbook+of+political+institutions&rft.pages=431-454&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-927569-4&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordhandbookof0000unse%2Fpage%2F431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarner1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Garner, James Wilford (1905). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Legislature"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Legislature">"Legislature" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Daniel Coit Gilman">Gilman, D. C.</a>; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Legislature&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Garner&rft.aufirst=James+Wilford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinSaalfeldStrøm2014" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Shane; Saalfeld, Thomas; Strøm, Kaare W., eds. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rw4NBAAAQBAJ"><i>The Oxford handbook of legislative studies</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-191-01907-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-191-01907-4"><bdi>978-0-191-01907-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+handbook+of+legislative+studies&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-191-01907-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRw4NBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson2015" class="citation book cs1">Olson, David M. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=As_KBgAAQBAJ"><i>Democratic legislative institutions: a comparative view</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47314-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47314-5"><bdi>978-1-317-47314-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratic+legislative+institutions%3A+a+comparative+view&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-47314-5&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAs_KBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegislature" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Law" title="Template:Law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Law" title="Template talk:Law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Law519" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Core subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_law" title="Administrative law">Administrative law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_civil_law_(common_law)" title="Outline of civil law (common law)">Civil law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law" title="Constitutional law">Constitutional law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract" title="Contract">Contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">Criminal law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">Crime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deed" title="Deed">Deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_doctrine" title="Legal doctrine">Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(law)" title="Equity (law)">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_(law)" title="Evidence (law)">Evidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">International law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_obligations" title="Law of obligations">Law of obligations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_law" title="Private law">Private law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedural_law" title="Procedural law">Procedure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_procedure" title="Civil procedure">Civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_procedure" title="Criminal procedure">Criminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Property law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_law" title="Public law">Public law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punishment" title="Punishment">Punishment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment" title="Corporal punishment">Corporal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restitution_and_unjust_enrichment" title="Restitution and unjust enrichment">Restitution and unjust enrichment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statutory_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory law">Statutory law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tort" title="Tort">Tort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_law" title="Abortion law">Abortion law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_law" title="Agricultural law">Agricultural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_law" title="Aviation law">Aviation law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_law" title="Amnesty law">Amnesty law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank regulation">Banking law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">Bankruptcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_law" title="Commercial law">Commercial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">Competition law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">Conflict of laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_law" title="Construction law">Construction law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">Consumer protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_law" title="Corporate law">Corporate law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_law" class="mw-redirect" title="IT law">Cyberlaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drugs law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_law" title="Election law">Election law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_law" title="Energy law">Energy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_law" title="Entertainment law">Entertainment law</a> (Media law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_law" title="Environmental law">Environmental law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_law" title="Family law">Family law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_law" title="Financial law">Financial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">Financial regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_law" title="Health law">Health law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_law" title="Immigration law">Immigration law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_criminal_law" title="International criminal law">International criminal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">International human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_international_law" title="Slavery in international law">International slavery laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_trade_law" title="International trade law">International trade law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurimetrics" title="Jurimetrics">Jurimetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_law" title="Labour law">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landlord%E2%80%93tenant_law" title="Landlord–tenant law">Landlord–tenant law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_war" title="Law of war">Law of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_archaeology" title="Legal archaeology">Legal archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_fiction" title="Legal fiction">Legal fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_law" title="Admiralty law">Maritime law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_law" title="Marriage law">Marriage law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_justice" title="Military justice">Military law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probate" title="Probate">Probate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_and_testament" title="Will and testament">Will and testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_liability" title="Product liability">Product liability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">Public international law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_law" title="Refugee law">Refugee law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparation_(legal)" title="Reparation (legal)">Reparations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_law" title="Space law">Space law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_law_in_the_United_States" title="Sports law in the United States">Sports law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">State of emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_law" title="Tax law">Tax law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_law" title="Transport law">Transport law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_(law)" title="Trust (law)">Trust law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unenforced_law" title="Unenforced law">Unenforced law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sources_of_law" title="Sources of law">Sources of law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_law" title="Code of law">Legal code</a> / <a href="/wiki/Statutory_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory law">Statutory law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">Custom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_law" title="Divine law">Divine law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">Letters patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-made_law" title="Man-made law">Man-made law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural and legal rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_law" title="Case law">Case law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Precedent" title="Precedent">Precedent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_report" title="Law report">Law reports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_treatise" title="Legal treatise">Legal treatise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">Regulations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lawmaking" title="Lawmaking">Law making</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">Ballot measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law)">Codification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">Decree</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edict" title="Edict">Edict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_order_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Executive order (disambiguation)">Executive order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation" title="Proclamation">Proclamation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">Legislation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_and_secondary_legislation" title="Primary and secondary legislation">Delegated legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rulemaking" title="Rulemaking">Rulemaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promulgation" title="Promulgation">Promulgation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">Ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeal" title="Repeal">Repeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">Treaty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statutory_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory law">Statutory law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">Statute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_parliament" title="Act of parliament">Act of parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">Act of Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_structure_doctrine" title="Basic structure doctrine">Basic structure doctrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_legal_systems" title="List of national legal systems">Legal systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">Common law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_law" title="Chinese law">Chinese law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_pluralism" title="Legal pluralism">Legal pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_law" title="Religious law">Religious law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Catholic canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_law" title="Hindu law">Hindu law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_law" title="Jain law">Jain law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_law" title="Parsi law">Parsi law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_law" title="Roman law">Roman law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_law" title="Byzantine law">Byzantine law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_law" title="Socialist law">Socialist law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statutory_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory law">Statutory law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeer" title="Xeer">Xeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassa" title="Yassa">Yassa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Legal theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_law" title="Anarchist law">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_theory" title="Contract theory">Contract theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_law" title="Comparative law">Comparative law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressive_function_of_law" title="Expressive function of law">Expressive function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_legal_theory" title="Feminist legal theory">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_economics" title="Law and economics">Law and economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_formalism" title="Legal formalism">Legal formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history" title="Legal history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_legal_theories" title="International legal theories">International legal theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality" title="Legality">Principle of legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_typicality" title="Principle of typicality">Principle of typicality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudolaw" title="Pseudolaw">Pseudolaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_man" title="Rule of man">Rule of man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_law" title="Sociology of law">Sociology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjudication" title="Adjudication">Adjudication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_justice" title="Administration of justice">Administration of justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice" title="Criminal justice">Criminal justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">Court-martial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution" title="Dispute resolution">Dispute resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">Lawsuit/Litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_opinion" title="Legal opinion">Legal opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_remedy" title="Legal remedy">Legal remedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">Judge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">Justice of the peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">Magistrate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_(law)" title="Judgment (law)">Judgment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_interpretation" title="Judicial interpretation">Judicial interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">Judicial review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jury" title="Jury">Jury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice_of_law" title="Practice of law">Practice of law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_at_law" title="Attorney at law">Attorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">Barrister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counsel" title="Counsel">Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">Lawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_(legal)" title="Defense (legal)">Legal representation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutor" title="Prosecutor">Prosecutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solicitor" title="Solicitor">Solicitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_of_law#Question_of_fact" title="Question of law">Question of fact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_of_law" title="Question of law">Question of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial" title="Trial">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_advocacy" title="Trial advocacy">Trial advocacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier_of_fact" title="Trier of fact">Trier of fact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdict" title="Verdict">Verdict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Legal institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barristers%27_chambers" title="Barristers' chambers">Barristers' chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">Bureaucracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_(law)" title="Bar (law)">The bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_(law)" title="Bench (law)">The bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">Civil society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_equity" title="Court of equity">Court of equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_commission" title="Election commission">Election commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency" title="Law enforcement agency">Agency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_education" title="Legal education">Legal education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_school" title="Law school">Law school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">Political party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribunal" title="Tribunal">Tribunal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_legal_profession" title="History of the legal profession">History of the legal profession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_American_legal_profession" title="History of the American legal profession">History of the American legal profession</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_law" title="Women in law">Women in law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Category:Law" title="Category:Law">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Index_of_law_articles" title="Index of law articles">Index</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_law" title="Outline of law">Outline</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Separation_of_powers77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Separation_of_powers" title="Template:Separation of powers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Separation_of_powers" title="Template talk:Separation of powers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Separation_of_powers" 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Estate">Fourth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_service_commission" title="Civil service commission">Civil service commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_audit_institution" title="Supreme audit institution">Auditory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_commission" title="Election commission">Electoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General">Prosecutory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_in_Australia" title="Separation of powers in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_in_Hong_Kong" title="Separation of powers in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_in_Singapore" title="Separation of powers in Singapore"> Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Separation of powers in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual_mandate" title="Dual mandate">Dual mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_of_powers" title="Fusion of powers">Fusion of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_independence" title="Judicial independence">Judicial independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">Judicial review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty" title="Parliamentary sovereignty">Parliamentary sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_duties" title="Separation of duties">Separation of duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_power" title="Unified power">Unified power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Legislatures_of_World9122" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_topic" title="Template:World topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_topic" title="Template talk:World topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Legislatures_of_World9122" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Legislatures of World</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Albania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Algeria" title="Parliament of Algeria">Algeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Andorra">Andorra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Angola">Angola</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Argentina">Argentina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Armenia">Armenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Austria">Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Barbados" title="Parliament of Barbados">Barbados</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Belarus">Belarus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Belize">Belize</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Benin">Benin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bhutan" title="Parliament of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Botswana" title="Parliament of Botswana">Botswana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Brunei">Brunei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Burundi" title="Parliament of Burundi">Burundi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cameroon" title="Parliament of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Parliament of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Chad">Chad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Chile">Chile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of China">China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Colombia">Colombia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Comoros">Comoros</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Cuba">Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Parliament of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Dominica" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Dominica">Dominica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Egypt" title="Parliament of Egypt">Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Parliament of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Fiji" title="Parliament of Fiji">Fiji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Finland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of France">France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Gabon" title="Parliament of Gabon">Gabon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Gambia">Gambia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Germany">Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ghana" title="Parliament of Ghana">Ghana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Greece">Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Grenada" title="Parliament of Grenada">Grenada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Guinea">Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Guyana">Guyana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Haiti">Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Honduras">Honduras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Iceland">Iceland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Iran">Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Iraq">Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Israel">Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Italy">Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Parliament of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Japan">Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jordan" title="Parliament of Jordan">Jordan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kenya" title="Parliament of Kenya">Kenya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Laos">Laos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="Parliament of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lesotho" title="Parliament of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Liberia">Liberia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Libya" class="mw-disambig" title="Parliament of Libya">Libya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Madagascar" title="Parliament of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Malawi">Malawi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Maldives">Maldives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Mali">Mali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malta" title="Parliament of Malta">Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Mexico">Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Moldova" title="Parliament of Moldova">Moldova</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Monaco">Monaco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="Parliament of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Morocco" title="Parliament of Morocco">Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Namibia" title="Parliament of Namibia">Namibia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">Nauru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Nepal">Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Niger">Niger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nigeria" title="Parliament of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of North Korea">North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Norway">Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Oman">Oman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Palau">Palau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Palestine">Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Panama">Panama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Peru">Peru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Poland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Qatar">Qatar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Russia">Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Rwanda" title="Parliament of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Parliament of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Samoa">Samoa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of San Marino">San Marino</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Senegal">Senegal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Serbia">Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Parliament of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Singapore" title="Parliament of Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Somalia">Somalia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Spain">Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Parliament of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Sudan">Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Suriname">Suriname</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Sweden">Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Syria">Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Togo" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Togo">Togo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Tonga">Tonga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tunisia" title="Parliament of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Turkey">Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tuvalu" title="Parliament of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Uganda" title="Parliament of Uganda">Uganda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the United States">United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Vanuatu" title="Parliament of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Yemen">Yemen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Zambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Zambia">Zambia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Zimbabwe" title="Parliament of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/21px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/32px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/41px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Legislature</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Legislature" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Legislature">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Legislatures" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Legislatures">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Legislatures" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Legislatures">News</a></b> from Wikinews</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Legislature" class="extiw" title="q:Legislature">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span 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class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Pouvoir législatif"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133187125">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="立法権"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569546">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="zákonodárná moc"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph202913&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH1999013301">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Legislative power"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007560507805171">Israel</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=14673">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legislature&oldid=1276664683">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legislature&oldid=1276664683</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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