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class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spread_beyond_East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spread_beyond_East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Spread beyond East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spread_beyond_East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Strategies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Strategies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Strategies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Strategies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Algorithms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algorithms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Algorithms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algorithms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adapted_rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adapted_rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Adapted rules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adapted_rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Different_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Different_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Different weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Different_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Additional weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analogues_in_real_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analogues_in_real_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Analogues in real life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Analogues_in_real_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Analogues in real life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Analogues_in_real_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lizard_mating_strategies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lizard_mating_strategies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Lizard mating strategies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lizard_mating_strategies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacteria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacteria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bacteria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacteria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanical_devices_and_geometrical_constructions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanical_devices_and_geometrical_constructions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Mechanical devices and geometrical constructions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanical_devices_and_geometrical_constructions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instances_of_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instances_of_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Instances of usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Instances_of_usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Instances of usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Instances_of_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_court_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_court_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>American court case</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_court_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auction_house_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auction_house_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Auction house selection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auction_house_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FA_Women's_Super_League_match" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FA_Women's_Super_League_match"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>FA Women's Super League match</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FA_Women's_Super_League_match-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Play_by_chimpanzees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Play_by_chimpanzees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Play by chimpanzees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Play_by_chimpanzees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Game_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Game_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Game design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Game_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tournaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tournaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tournaments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tournaments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tournaments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tournaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_Rock_Paper_Scissors_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Rock_Paper_Scissors_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>World Rock Paper Scissors Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Rock_Paper_Scissors_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Rock_Paper_Scissors_Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Rock_Paper_Scissors_Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>World Rock Paper Scissors Society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Rock_Paper_Scissors_Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UK_championships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UK_championships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>UK championships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UK_championships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-USARPS_tournaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USARPS_tournaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>USARPS tournaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USARPS_tournaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_XtremeRPS_Competition_2007–2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_XtremeRPS_Competition_2007–2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>National XtremeRPS Competition 2007–2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_XtremeRPS_Competition_2007–2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guinness_Book_of_World_Records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guinness_Book_of_World_Records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span><i>Guinness Book of World Records</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guinness_Book_of_World_Records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>World Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jackpot_En_Poy_of_Eat_Bulaga!" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jackpot_En_Poy_of_Eat_Bulaga!"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.8</span> <span><i>Jackpot En Poy</i> of <i>Eat Bulaga!</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jackpot_En_Poy_of_Eat_Bulaga!-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rock paper scissors</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B5" title="حجر-ورق-مقص – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حجر-ورق-مقص" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedra,_papel_o_tisoria" title="Piedra, papel o tisoria – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Piedra, papel o tisoria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakembo" title="Hakembo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hakembo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C5%9F,_qay%C3%A7%C4%B1,_ka%C4%9F%C4%B1z" title="Daş, qayçı, kağız – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daş, qayçı, kağız" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka-to,_chio%CC%8Dh-th%C3%A2u,_ch%C3%B3a" title="Ka-to, chio̍h-thâu, chóa – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ka-to, chio̍h-thâu, chóa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BA,_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0,_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Камък, ножица, хартия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Камък, ножица, хартия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra,_paper,_tisores" title="Pedra, paper, tisores – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pedra, paper, tisores" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1men,_n%C5%AF%C5%BEky,_pap%C3%ADr" title="Kámen, nůžky, papír – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kámen, nůžky, papír" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten,_saks,_papir" title="Sten, saks, papir – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sten, saks, papir" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="زيمبومباح – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="زيمبومباح" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schere,_Stein,_Papier" title="Schere, Stein, Papier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schere, Stein, Papier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morra_cin%C3%A9%C5%9Ba" title="Morra cinéśa – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Morra cinéśa" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedra,_papel_o_tijera" title="Piedra, papel o tijera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Piedra, papel o tijera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papero,_tondilo,_%C5%9Dtono" title="Papero, tondilo, ŝtono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Papero, tondilo, ŝtono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harri-orri-ar" title="Harri-orri-ar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Harri-orri-ar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B0-%D9%82%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C" title="سنگ-کاغذ-قیچی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنگ-کاغذ-قیچی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-papier-ciseaux" title="Pierre-papier-ciseaux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pierre-papier-ciseaux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloch,_P%C3%A1ip%C3%A9ar,_Sios%C3%BAr" title="Cloch, Páipéar, Siosúr – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cloch, Páipéar, Siosúr" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra,_papel_ou_tesoiras" title="Pedra, papel ou tesoiras – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pedra, papel ou tesoiras" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%9A%E5%8E%BB" title="咚去 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="咚去" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C3%A2ng-khi%C3%A8n" title="Chiâng-khièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chiâng-khièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%9C%84%EB%B0%94%EC%9C%84%EB%B3%B4" title="가위바위보 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가위바위보" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80,_%D5%B4%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF,_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A9" title="Քար, մկրատ, թուղթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քար, մկրատ, թուղթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamen,_%C5%A1kare_i_papir" title="Kamen, škare i papir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kamen, škare i papir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roko,_Papero,_Cizo" title="Roko, Papero, Cizo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Roko, Papero, Cizo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_gunting_kertas" title="Batu gunting kertas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Batu gunting kertas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itshe,Iphepha_isikelo" title="Itshe,Iphepha isikelo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Itshe,Iphepha isikelo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinn,_sk%C3%A6ri,_bla%C3%B0" title="Steinn, skæri, blað – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Steinn, skæri, blað" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morra_cinese" title="Morra cinese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Morra cinese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אבן נייר ומספריים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבן נייר ומספריים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micatio_Sinensis" title="Micatio Sinensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Micatio Sinensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akmens,_%C5%A1%C4%B7%C4%93res,_pap%C4%ABr%C4%ABt%27s" title="Akmens, šķēres, papīrīt's – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Akmens, šķēres, papīrīt's" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akmuo,_%C5%BEirkl%C4%97s,_popierius" title="Akmuo, žirklės, popierius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Akmuo, žirklės, popierius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rokci_pelji_jinci" title="rokci pelji jinci – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rokci pelji jinci" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%91-pap%C3%ADr-oll%C3%B3" title="Kő-papír-olló – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kő-papír-olló" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B5" title="طوبة-ورقة-مقص – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طوبة-ورقة-مقص" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu-Gunting-Kertas" title="Batu-Gunting-Kertas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Batu-Gunting-Kertas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1ung-g%C3%A1ung-ch%E1%B9%B3%CC%80" title="Gáung-gáung-chṳ̀ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gáung-gáung-chṳ̀" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%87,_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83,_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%83" title="Хайч, чулуу, даавуу – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хайч, чулуу, даавуу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steen,_papier,_schaar" title="Steen, papier, schaar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Steen, papier, schaar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%82%93%E3%81%91%E3%82%93" title="じゃんけん – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="じゃんけん" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stein,_saks,_papir" title="Stein, saks, papir – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stein, saks, papir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stein,_saks,_papir" title="Stein, saks, papir – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stein, saks, papir" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8ira-fu%C3%A8lha-talhants" title="Pèira-fuèlha-talhants – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pèira-fuèlha-talhants" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosh,_qaychi,_qog%CA%BBoz" title="Tosh, qaychi, qogʻoz – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tosh, qaychi, qogʻoz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steen,_Papeer,_Scheer" title="Steen, Papeer, Scheer – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Steen, Papeer, Scheer" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier,_kamie%C5%84,_no%C5%BCyce" title="Papier, kamień, nożyce – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Papier, kamień, nożyce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra,_papel_e_tesoura" title="Pedra, papel e tesoura – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pedra, papel e tesoura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piatr%C4%83,_h%C3%A2rtie,_foarfec%C4%83" title="Piatră, hârtie, foarfecă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Piatră, hârtie, foarfecă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C,_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B,_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Камень, ножницы, бумага – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Камень, ножницы, бумага" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta,_F%C3%B2rficia_e_Petra" title="Carta, Fòrficia e Petra – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carta, Fòrficia e Petra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%E2%80%93paper%E2%80%93scissors" title="Rock–paper–scissors – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rock–paper–scissors" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kame%C5%88,_papier,_no%C5%BEnice" title="Kameň, papier, nožnice – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kameň, papier, nožnice" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamen,_%C5%A1karje,_papir" title="Kamen, škarje, papir – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kamen, škarje, papir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%82%DB%95-%D9%85%DB%95%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بەرد-وەرەقە-مەقەست – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەرد-وەرەقە-مەقەست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80,_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Папир, камен, маказе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Папир, камен, маказе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivi,_paperi_ja_sakset" title="Kivi, paperi ja sakset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kivi, paperi ja sakset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten,_sax,_p%C3%A5se" title="Sten, sax, påse – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sten, sax, påse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A" title="เป่ายิ้งฉุบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เป่ายิ้งฉุบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%9F-k%C3%A2%C4%9F%C4%B1t-makas" title="Taş-kâğıt-makas – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taş-kâğıt-makas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80" title="Камінь-ножиці-папір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Камінь-ножиці-папір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%E1%BA%B3n_t%C3%B9_t%C3%AC" title="Oẳn tù tì – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Oẳn tù tì" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa-ulo" title="Pa-ulo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pa-ulo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E5%88%80%E7%A0%B4%E7%BB%A2%E5%B8%95" title="剪刀破绢帕 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="剪刀破绢帕" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8C%9C%E5%8C%85%E5%89%AA%E6%8F%BC" title="猜包剪揼 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="猜包剪揼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%A4%B4%E3%80%81%E5%89%AA%E5%AD%90%E3%80%81%E5%B8%83" title="石头、剪子、布 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石头、剪子、布" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106631#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rock_paper_scissors" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hand game for two players or more</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rock_paper_scissors_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rock paper scissors (disambiguation)">Rock paper scissors (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ro Sham Bo" redirects here. For the album by The Grays, see <a href="/wiki/Ro_Sham_Bo_(album)" title="Ro Sham Bo (album)"><i>Ro Sham Bo</i> (album)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Rock paper scissors</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rock-paper-scissors.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Rock-paper-scissors.svg/220px-Rock-paper-scissors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Rock-paper-scissors.svg/330px-Rock-paper-scissors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Rock-paper-scissors.svg/440px-Rock-paper-scissors.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hand_game" title="Hand game">Hand game</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Players</th><td class="infobox-data">2 (or more)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Setup time</th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Playing time</th><td class="infobox-data">seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chance</th><td class="infobox-data">High</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rock paper scissors</b> (also known by several other names and word orders, see <a href="#Names">§ Names</a>) is an <a href="/wiki/Intransitive_game" title="Intransitive game">intransitive</a> <a href="/wiki/Hand_game" title="Hand game">hand game</a>, usually played between two people, in which each player simultaneously forms one of three shapes with an outstretched hand. These shapes are "rock" (a closed fist), "paper" (a flat hand), and "scissors" (a fist with the index finger and middle finger extended, forming a V). The earliest form of "rock paper scissors"-style game originated in <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">China</a> and was subsequently imported into Japan, where it reached its modern standardized form, before being spread throughout the world in the early 20th century. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_game" title="Simultaneous game">simultaneous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zero-sum_game" title="Zero-sum game">zero-sum game</a>, it has three possible outcomes: a draw, a win, or a loss. A player who decides to play rock will beat another player who chooses scissors ("rock crushes scissors" or "breaks scissors" or sometimes "blunts scissors"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), but will lose to one who has played paper ("paper covers rock"); a play of paper will lose to a play of scissors ("scissors cuts paper"). If both players choose the same shape, the game is tied, but is usually replayed until there is a winner. </p><p>Rock paper scissors is often used as a fair choosing method between two people, similar to <a href="/wiki/Coin_flipping" title="Coin flipping">coin flipping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drawing_straws" class="mw-redirect" title="Drawing straws">drawing straws</a>, or throwing <a href="/wiki/Dice" title="Dice">dice</a> in order to settle a dispute or make an unbiased group decision. Unlike truly <a href="/wiki/Randomness" title="Randomness">random</a> selection methods, however, rock paper scissors can be played with some degree of skill by recognizing and exploiting non-random behavior in opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "rock paper scissors" is simply a translation of the Japanese words for the three gestures involved in the game,<sup id="cite_ref-長田須磨・須山名保子共編_1977.4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-長田須磨・須山名保子共編_1977.4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the Japanese name for the game is different. </p><p>The name Roshambo or Rochambeau has been claimed to refer to <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur,_comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau">Count Rochambeau</a>, who allegedly played the game during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. The legend that he played the game is apocryphal, as all evidence points to the game being brought to the United States later than 1910; if this name has anything to do with him it is for some other reason.<sup id="cite_ref-mentalfloss_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mentalfloss-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-teachinghistory_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teachinghistory-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear why this name became associated with the game, with hypotheses ranging from a slight phonetic similarity with the Japanese name <i>jan-ken-pon,</i><sup id="cite_ref-mentalfloss_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mentalfloss-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the presence of a statue of Rochambeau in a neighborhood of Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-teachinghistory_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teachinghistory-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern game is known by several other names such as <b>Rochambeau</b>, <b>Roshambo</b>, <b>Ro-sham-bo</b>, <b>Bato Bato Pik</b>, and <b>Jak-en-poy</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-rpscamps_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpscamps-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the game's name is a list of three items, different countries often have the list in a different order. </p><p>In North America and the United Kingdom, it is known as "rock, paper, scissors" or "scissors, paper, stone".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If this name is chanted while actually playing the game, it might be followed by an exclamation of "shoot" at the moment when the players are to reveal their choice (i.e. "Rock, paper, scissors, shoot!").<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia, the most common name is "scissors, paper, rock" (the reverse of the American format).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been claims that there are regional variations of the name in Australia; the video claimed that it was referred to as "scissors, paper, rock" in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, "rock, paper, scissors" in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> and "paper, scissors, rock" in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, though this has been disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In New Zealand, the most common name in English is "paper, scissors, rock".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>, it is known as <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pēpa, kutikuti, kōhatu</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">paper, scissors, rock</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In France, the game is sometimes called Shifumi (sometimes spelled Chifoumi) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gameplay">Gameplay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gameplay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rock-paper-scissors_(rock).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rock-paper-scissors_%28rock%29.png/100px-Rock-paper-scissors_%28rock%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rock-paper-scissors_%28rock%29.png/150px-Rock-paper-scissors_%28rock%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rock-paper-scissors_%28rock%29.png/200px-Rock-paper-scissors_%28rock%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rock-paper-scissors_(paper).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rock-paper-scissors_%28paper%29.png/100px-Rock-paper-scissors_%28paper%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rock-paper-scissors_%28paper%29.png/150px-Rock-paper-scissors_%28paper%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rock-paper-scissors_%28paper%29.png/200px-Rock-paper-scissors_%28paper%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rock-paper-scissors_(scissors).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rock-paper-scissors_%28scissors%29.png/100px-Rock-paper-scissors_%28scissors%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rock-paper-scissors_%28scissors%29.png/150px-Rock-paper-scissors_%28scissors%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rock-paper-scissors_%28scissors%29.png/200px-Rock-paper-scissors_%28scissors%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Each of the three basic hand signs (from left to right: rock, paper, and scissors) beats one of the other two, and loses to the other.</div></div></div></div> <p>The players may start by counting to three aloud, or by speaking the name of the game (e.g. "Rock! Paper! Scissors!"), raising one hand in a fist and swinging it down with each syllable onto their other hand (or in a less common variant, holding it behind their back). They then "throw" or "shoot" by extending their selected sign towards their opponent on what would have been the fourth count, often saying the word "shoot" while doing so. Variations include a version where players throw immediately on the third count (thus throwing on the count of "Scissors!"), a version including five counts rather than four ("Rock! Paper! Scissors! Says! Shoot!", almost exclusively localized in the United States to <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> and some parts of New York City), a version where players say “Scissors! Paper! Rock!”, and a version where players shake their hands three times before "throwing".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first known mention of the game was in the book <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wuzazu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wuzazu (page does not exist)">Wuzazu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%9B%9C%E7%B5%84" class="extiw" title="zh:五雜組">zh</a>]</span></i> by the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming-dynasty</a> writer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xie_Zhaozhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xie Zhaozhe (page does not exist)">Xie Zhaozhe</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AC%9D%E8%82%87%E6%B7%9B" class="extiw" title="zh:謝肇淛">zh</a>]</span> (<abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1600), who wrote that the game dated back to the time of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (206 BCE – 220 CE).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the book, the game was called <i>shoushiling</i>. <a href="/wiki/Li_Rihua" title="Li Rihua">Li Rihua</a>'s book <i>Note of Liuyanzhai</i> also mentions this game, calling it <i>shoushiling</i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">t</a>. 手勢令; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">s</a>. 手势令), <i>huozhitou</i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">t</a>. 豁指頭; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">s</a>. 豁指头), or <i>huaquan</i> (划拳). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mushi-ken_(%E8%99%AB%E6%8B%B3),_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant,_from_the_Kensarae_sumai_zue_(1809).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mushi-ken_%28%E8%99%AB%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_from_the_Kensarae_sumai_zue_%281809%29.jpg/300px-Mushi-ken_%28%E8%99%AB%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_from_the_Kensarae_sumai_zue_%281809%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mushi-ken_%28%E8%99%AB%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_from_the_Kensarae_sumai_zue_%281809%29.jpg/450px-Mushi-ken_%28%E8%99%AB%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_from_the_Kensarae_sumai_zue_%281809%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mushi-ken_%28%E8%99%AB%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_from_the_Kensarae_sumai_zue_%281809%29.jpg/600px-Mushi-ken_%28%E8%99%AB%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_from_the_Kensarae_sumai_zue_%281809%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption>Mushi-ken, the earliest Japanese <a href="/wiki/Sansukumi-ken" title="Sansukumi-ken">sansukumi-ken</a> game (1809). From left to right: slug (namekuji), frog (kawazu) and snake (hebi).</figcaption></figure> <p>From China the game was brought to Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-linh95_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linh95-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout Japanese history there are frequent references to <i><a href="/wiki/Sansukumi-ken" title="Sansukumi-ken">sansukumi-ken</a></i>, meaning <i>ken</i> (fist) games "of the three who are afraid of one another" (i.e. A beats B, B beats C, and C beats A).<sup id="cite_ref-linh95_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linh95-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest <i>sansukumi-ken</i> in Japan was apparently <i>mushi-ken</i> (虫拳), a version imported directly from China.<sup id="cite_ref-linh95_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linh95-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-linha95-3940_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linha95-3940-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>mushi-ken</i> the "frog" (represented by the thumb) triumphs over the "slug" (represented by the little finger), which, in turn prevails over the "snake" (represented by the index finger), which triumphs over the "frog".<sup id="cite_ref-linh95_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linh95-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-linha95-3940_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linha95-3940-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The Chinese and Japanese versions differ in the animals represented; in adopting the game, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Venomous" class="mw-redirect" title="Venomous">venomous</a> <a href="/wiki/Centipede" title="Centipede">centipede</a> (蜈蜙) were apparently confused with the characters for the slug (蛞蝓)).<sup id="cite_ref-linha95-3940_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linha95-3940-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most popular <i>sansukumi-ken</i> game in Japan<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> was <i>kitsune-ken</i> (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:狐拳">狐拳</a>). In this game, a supernatural fox called a <a href="/wiki/Kitsune" title="Kitsune">kitsune</a> (狐) defeats the village head, the village head (庄屋) defeats the hunter, and the hunter (猟師) defeats the fox. <i>Kitsune-ken</i>, unlike <i>mushi-ken</i> or rock–paper–scissors, requires gestures with both hands.<sup id="cite_ref-linha98-325326_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linha98-325326-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kitsune-ken_(%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3),_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant,_from_the_Genyoku_sui_bento_(1774).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kitsune-ken_%28%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_from_the_Genyoku_sui_bento_%281774%29.jpg/220px-Kitsune-ken_%28%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_from_the_Genyoku_sui_bento_%281774%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kitsune-ken_%28%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_from_the_Genyoku_sui_bento_%281774%29.jpg/330px-Kitsune-ken_%28%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_from_the_Genyoku_sui_bento_%281774%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kitsune-ken_%28%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_from_the_Genyoku_sui_bento_%281774%29.jpg/440px-Kitsune-ken_%28%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_from_the_Genyoku_sui_bento_%281774%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>Kitsune-ken was a popular Japanese rock paper scissors variant. From left to right: The hunter (ryōshi), village head (shōya) and fox (kitsune).</figcaption></figure> <p>Today, the best-known <i>sansukumi-ken</i> is called <i>jan-ken</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">じゃんけん</span></span>)</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-linha95-3940_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linha95-3940-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is a variation of the Chinese games introduced in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Jan-ken</i> uses the rock, paper, and scissors signs<sup id="cite_ref-linh95_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linh95-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the direct source of the modern version of rock paper scissors.<sup id="cite_ref-linha95-3940_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linha95-3940-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hand-games using gestures to represent the three conflicting elements of rock, paper, and scissors have been most common since the modern version of the game was created in the late 19th century, between the <a href="/wiki/Edo" title="Edo">Edo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji</a> periods.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spread_beyond_East_Asia">Spread beyond East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spread beyond East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the early 20th century, rock paper scissors had spread beyond East Asia, especially through increased Japanese contact with the west.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its English-language name is therefore taken from a translation of the names of the three Japanese hand-gestures for rock, paper and scissors;<sup id="cite_ref-長田須磨・須山名保子共編_1977.4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-長田須磨・須山名保子共編_1977.4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> elsewhere in East Asia the open-palm gesture represents "cloth" rather than "paper".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shape of the scissors is also adopted from the Japanese style.<sup id="cite_ref-長田須磨・須山名保子共編_1977.4_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-長田須磨・須山名保子共編_1977.4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 1921 article about <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Morning Herald">Sydney Morning Herald</a></i> described "stone, scissors, and paper" as a "Teutonic method of drawing lots", which the writer "came across when travelling on the Continent once".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another article, from the same year, the <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Herald">Washington Herald</a></i> described it as a method of "Chinese gambling".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Britain in 1924 it was described in a letter to <i>The Times</i> as a hand game, possibly of Mediterranean origin, called "zhot".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A reader then wrote in to say that the game "zhot" referred to was evidently Jan-ken-pon, which she had often seen played throughout Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although at this date the game appears to have been new enough to British readers to need explaining, the appearance by 1927 of a popular thriller with the title <i>Scissors Cut Paper</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by <i>Stone Blunts Scissors</i> (1929), suggests it quickly became popular. </p><p>The game is referred to in two of Hildegard G. Frey's novels in the <i>Campfire Girls</i> series: <i>The Campfire Girls Go Motoring</i> (1916) <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>The Campfire Girls Larks and Pranks</i> (1917),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which suggests that it was known in America at least that early. The first passage where it appears says "In order that no feelings might be involved in any way over which car we other girls traveled in, Nyoda, Solomon-like, proposed that she and Gladys play 'John Kempo' for us. (That isn't spelled right, but no matter.)" There is no explanation in any of the places where it is referenced of what the game actually is. This suggests that the author at least believed that the game was well known enough in America that her readers would understand the reference. </p><p>In 1927 <i>La Vie au patronage</i>, a children's magazine in France, described it in detail,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> referring to it as a "jeu japonais" ("Japanese game"). Its French name, "Chi-fou-mi", is based on the <a href="/wiki/Old_Japanese" title="Old Japanese">Old Japanese</a> words for "one, two, three" ("hi, fu, mi"). </p><p>A 1932 <i>New York Times</i> article on the Tokyo rush hour describes the rules of the game for the benefit of American readers, suggesting it was not at that time widely known in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, the <a href="/wiki/Trick-taking_card_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Trick-taking card game">trick-taking card game</a> “Jan-Ken-Po”, first published in 1934, describes the rules of the hand-game without mentioning any American game along the lines of “rock paper scissors”. The 1933 edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Compton%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Compton's Encyclopedia">Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia</a></i> described it as a common method of settling disputes between children in its article on Japan; the name was given as "John Kem Po" and the article pointedly asserted, "This is such a good way of deciding an argument that American boys and girls might like to practice it too."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strategies">Strategies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Strategies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roshambo-Laos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Roshambo-Laos.jpg/220px-Roshambo-Laos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Roshambo-Laos.jpg/330px-Roshambo-Laos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Roshambo-Laos.jpg/440px-Roshambo-Laos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3358" data-file-height="2534" /></a><figcaption>Children in Laos playing rock paper scissors</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roshambo-Myanmar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Roshambo-Myanmar.jpg/220px-Roshambo-Myanmar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Roshambo-Myanmar.jpg/330px-Roshambo-Myanmar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Roshambo-Myanmar.jpg/440px-Roshambo-Myanmar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3949" data-file-height="3064" /></a><figcaption>Children in Myanmar playing rock paper scissors</figcaption></figure> <p>It is impossible to gain an advantage over an opponent that chooses their move <a href="/wiki/Discrete_uniform_distribution" title="Discrete uniform distribution">uniformly at random</a>. However, it is possible to gain a significant advantage over a non-random player by predicting their move, which can be done by exploiting psychological effects or by analyzing statistical patterns of their past behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-rpscontest_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpscontest-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_rps_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_rps-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, there have been programming competitions for <a href="/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithms</a> that play rock paper scissors.<sup id="cite_ref-rpscontest_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpscontest-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-roshambo1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roshambo1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-roshambo2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roshambo2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During tournaments, players often prepare their sequence of three gestures prior to the tournament's commencement.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawrence_Journal-World_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawrence_Journal-World-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fox_News_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox_News-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some tournament players employ tactics to confuse or trick the other player into making an illegal move, resulting in a loss. One such tactic is to shout the name of one move before throwing another, in order to misdirect and confuse their opponent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The "rock" move, in particular, is notable in that it is typically represented by a closed fist—often identical to the fist made by players during the initial countdown. If a player is attempting to beat their opponent based on quickly reading their hand gesture as the players are making their moves, it is possible to determine if the opponent is about to throw "rock" based on their lack of hand movement, as both "scissors" and "paper" require the player to reposition their hand. This can likewise be used to deceive an anticipating opponent by keeping one's fist closed until the last possible moment, leading them to believe that one is about to throw "rock".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algorithms">Algorithms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Algorithms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a consequence of rock paper scissors programming contests, many strong algorithms have emerged.<sup id="cite_ref-rpscontest_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpscontest-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-roshambo1_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roshambo1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-roshambo2_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roshambo2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, Iocaine Powder, which won the First International RoShamBo Programming Competition in 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-roshambo1_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roshambo1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> uses a heuristically designed compilation of strategies.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For each strategy it employs, it also has six metastrategies which defeat second-guessing, triple-guessing, as well as second-guessing the opponent, and so on. The optimal strategy or metastrategy is chosen based on past performance. The main strategies it employs are history matching, frequency analysis, and random guessing. Its strongest strategy, history matching, searches for a sequence in the past that matches the last few moves in order to predict the next move of the algorithm. In frequency analysis, the program simply identifies the most frequently played move. The random guess is a fallback method that is used to prevent a devastating loss in the event that the other strategies fail. There have since been some innovations, such as using multiple history-matching schemes that each match a different aspect of the history – for example, the opponent's moves, the program's own moves, or a combination of both.<sup id="cite_ref-werfer_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-werfer-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have also been other algorithms based on <a href="/wiki/Markov_chain" title="Markov chain">Markov chains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, researchers from the Ishikawa Watanabe Laboratory at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a> created a robot hand that can play rock paper scissors with a 100% win rate against a human opponent. Using a high-speed camera the robot recognizes within one <a href="/wiki/Millisecond" title="Millisecond">millisecond</a> which shape the human hand is making, then produces the corresponding winning shape.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Jack en poy" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Jack_Em_Popoy:_The_Puliscredibles" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Em Popoy: The Puliscredibles">Jack Em Popoy: The Puliscredibles</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geisha_Playing_the_Hand-Game_Kitsune-ken_(%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3),_a_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant,_by_Kikukawa_Eizan_(%E8%8F%8A%E5%B7%9D%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%B1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Geisha_Playing_the_Hand-Game_Kitsune-ken_%28%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_a_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_by_Kikukawa_Eizan_%28%E8%8F%8A%E5%B7%9D%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%B1%29.jpg/220px-Geisha_Playing_the_Hand-Game_Kitsune-ken_%28%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_a_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_by_Kikukawa_Eizan_%28%E8%8F%8A%E5%B7%9D%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%B1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Geisha_Playing_the_Hand-Game_Kitsune-ken_%28%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_a_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_by_Kikukawa_Eizan_%28%E8%8F%8A%E5%B7%9D%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%B1%29.jpg/330px-Geisha_Playing_the_Hand-Game_Kitsune-ken_%28%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_a_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_by_Kikukawa_Eizan_%28%E8%8F%8A%E5%B7%9D%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%B1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Geisha_Playing_the_Hand-Game_Kitsune-ken_%28%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_a_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_by_Kikukawa_Eizan_%28%E8%8F%8A%E5%B7%9D%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%B1%29.jpg/440px-Geisha_Playing_the_Hand-Game_Kitsune-ken_%28%E7%8B%90%E6%8B%B3%29%2C_a_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant%2C_by_Kikukawa_Eizan_%28%E8%8F%8A%E5%B7%9D%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%B1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>A print by <a href="/wiki/Kikukawa_Eizan" title="Kikukawa Eizan">Kikukawa Eizan</a> that shows geisha playing kitsune-ken, a Japanese rock paper scissors variant (1820)</figcaption></figure> <p>Players have developed numerous cultural and personal variations on the game, from simply playing the same game with different objects, to expanding into more weapons and rules, to giving their own name to the game in their national language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adapted_rules">Adapted rules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adapted rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Korea, where the standard version of the game is called <i>gawi-bawi-bo</i>, a two-player upgraded version exists by the name <i><a href="/wiki/Muk-jji-ppa" title="Muk-jji-ppa">muk-jji-ppa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After showing their hands, the player with the winning throw shouts "<i>muk-jji-ppa!</i>" upon which both players throw again. If they throw differently (for example, rock and paper, or paper and scissors), whoever wins this second round shouts "<i>muk-jji-ppa!</i>" and thus the play continues until both players throw the same item (for example, rock and rock), at which point whoever was the last winner becomes the actual winner. In another popular two-handed variant, one player will shout "minus one" after the initial play. Each player removes one hand, and the winner is decided by the remaining hands in play.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Japan, a <a href="/wiki/Strip_game" title="Strip game">strip game</a> variant of rock paper scissors is known as 野球拳 (<i><a href="/wiki/Yakyuken" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakyuken">Yakyuken</a></i>). The loser of each round removes an article of clothing. The game is a minor part of porn culture in Japan and other Asian countries after the influence of TV variety shows and <a href="/wiki/Soft_On_Demand" title="Soft On Demand">Soft On Demand</a>. </p><p>In the Philippines, the game is called <i>jak-en-poy</i> (from the Japanese <i>jankenpon</i>). In a longer version of the game, a four-line song is sung, with hand gestures displayed at the end of each (or the final) line: "Jack-en-poy! / Hali-hali-hoy! / Sino'ng matalo, / siya'ng unggoy!" ("Jack-en-poy! / Hali-hali-hoy! / Whoever loses is the monkey!") In the former case, the person with the most wins at the end of the song, wins the game. A shorter version of the game uses the chant "Bato-bato-pick" ("Rock-rock-pick [i.e. choose]") instead.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A multiple player variation can be played: Players stand in a circle and all throw at once. If rock, paper, and scissors are all thrown, it is a stalemate, and they rethrow. If only two throws are present, all players with the losing throw are eliminated. Play continues until only the winner remains.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Different_weapons">Different weapons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Different weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Indonesia, the game is called <i>suten</i>, <i>suit</i> or just <i>sut</i>, and the three signs are elephant (slightly raised thumb), human (outstreched index finger) and ant (outstreched pinky finger).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elephant is stronger than human, human is stronger than ant, but elephant is afraid of the ant. </p><p>Using the same tripartite division, there is a full-body variation in lieu of the hand signs called "Bear, Hunter, Ninja".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this iteration the participants stand back-to-back and at the count of three (or ro-sham-bo as is traditional) turn around facing each other using their arms evoking one of the totems.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The players' choices break down as: Hunter shoots bear; Bear eats ninja; Ninja kills hunter.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_weapons">Additional weapons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Additional weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Generalized rock-paper-scissors games where the players have a choice of more than three weapons have been studied.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any variation of rock paper scissors is an <a href="/wiki/Orientation_(graph_theory)" title="Orientation (graph theory)">oriented graph</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Vertex_(graph_theory)" title="Vertex (graph theory)">nodes</a> represent the symbols (weapons) choosable by the players, and an edge from A to B means that A defeats B. Each oriented graph is a potentially playable rock paper scissors game. According to theoretical calculations, the number of distinguishable (i.e. not <a href="/wiki/Graph_isomorphism" title="Graph isomorphism">isomorphic</a>) oriented graphs grows with the number of weapons = 3, 4, 5, ... as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rpsfwgame_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpsfwgame-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>7, 42, 582, 21480, 2142288, 575016219, 415939243032, … (sequence <span class="nowrap external"><a href="//oeis.org/A001174" class="extiw" title="oeis:A001174">A001174</a></span> in the <a href="/wiki/On-Line_Encyclopedia_of_Integer_Sequences" title="On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences">OEIS</a>).</dd></dl> <p>The French game <i>pierre, papier, ciseaux, puits</i> (stone, paper, scissors, <a href="/wiki/Water_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Water well">well</a>) is unbalanced; both the stone and scissors fall in the well and lose to it, while paper covers both stone and well. This means two "weapons", well and paper, can defeat two moves, while the other two weapons each defeat only one of the other three choices. The stone has no advantage to well, so optimal strategy is to play each of the other objects (paper, scissors and well) one-third of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Umbhauer_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Umbhauer-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>"pierre, papier, ciseaux, puits";<br /> + means that the row player "beats", − means "is beaten" and O means tie </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#EAECF0;background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49%,#AAA 49.5%,#AAA 50.5%,#EAECF0 51%);line-height:1.2;padding:0.1em 0.4em;"><div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right">Opponent</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left"><br />Row<br />player</div> </th> <th style="min-width:5em">stone </th> <th style="min-width:5em">paper </th> <th style="min-width:5em">scissors </th> <th style="min-width:5em">well </th> <th nowrap="">Optimal strategy for<br />the row player<sup id="cite_ref-Umbhauer_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Umbhauer-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">stone </th> <td>O</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td>−</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2aae8864a3c1fec9585261791a809ddec1489950" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0}"></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">paper </th> <td>+</td> <td>O</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7093420fb1b77a06432a4e0d9eba91705cef6d02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">scissors </th> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td>O</td> <td>−</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7093420fb1b77a06432a4e0d9eba91705cef6d02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">well </th> <td>+</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td>O</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7093420fb1b77a06432a4e0d9eba91705cef6d02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}"></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Variants in which the number of moves is an odd number and each move defeats exactly half of the other moves while being defeated by the other half are typically considered. Variations with up to 101 different moves have been published.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adding new gestures has the effect of reducing the odds of a tie, while increasing the complexity of the game. The probability of a tie in an odd-number-of-weapons game can be calculated based on the number of weapons <i>n</i> as 1/<i>n</i>, so the probability of a tie is 1/3 in standard rock paper scissors, but 1/5 in a version that offered five moves instead of three.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_ciseaux_feuille_l%C3%A9zard_spock_aligned.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pierre_ciseaux_feuille_l%C3%A9zard_spock_aligned.svg/220px-Pierre_ciseaux_feuille_l%C3%A9zard_spock_aligned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pierre_ciseaux_feuille_l%C3%A9zard_spock_aligned.svg/330px-Pierre_ciseaux_feuille_l%C3%A9zard_spock_aligned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pierre_ciseaux_feuille_l%C3%A9zard_spock_aligned.svg/440px-Pierre_ciseaux_feuille_l%C3%A9zard_spock_aligned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Rock paper scissors lizard Spock gestures</figcaption></figure> <p>One popular five-weapon expansion is "<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="rock_paper_scissors_Spock_lizard"></span><span class="vanchor-text">rock paper scissors Spock lizard</span></span>", invented by Sam Kass and Karen Bryla,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which adds "<a href="/wiki/Spock" title="Spock">Spock</a>" and "lizard" to the standard three choices. "Spock" is signified with the <i>Star Trek</i> <a href="/wiki/Vulcan_salute" title="Vulcan salute">Vulcan salute</a>, while "lizard" is shown by forming the hand into a sock-puppet-like mouth. Spock smashes scissors and vaporizes rock; he is poisoned by lizard and disproved by paper. Lizard poisons Spock and eats paper; it is crushed by rock and decapitated by scissors. This variant was mentioned in a 2005 article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> of London<sup id="cite_ref-TimesSpockLizard_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimesSpockLizard-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was later the subject of an <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Big_Bang_Theory_episodes#ep25" title="List of The Big Bang Theory episodes">episode</a> of the American sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory" title="The Big Bang Theory">The Big Bang Theory</a></i> in 2008 (as <i>rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Rock-Paper-Scissors-Spock-Lizard;<br /> + means that the row player "beats", − means "is beaten" and O means tie </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#EAECF0;background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49%,#AAA 49.5%,#AAA 50.5%,#EAECF0 51%);line-height:1.2;padding:0.1em 0.4em;"><div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right">Opponent</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left"><br />Row<br />player</div> </th> <th style="min-width:5em">rock </th> <th style="min-width:5em">paper </th> <th style="min-width:5em">scissors </th> <th style="min-width:5em">Spock </th> <th style="min-width:5em">lizard </th> <th nowrap="">Optimal strategy<br />for row player </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">rock </th> <td>O</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1b977656fee2fb2e66210e174d78e2a484f89e45" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">paper </th> <td>+</td> <td>O</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td>−</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1b977656fee2fb2e66210e174d78e2a484f89e45" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">scissors </th> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td>O</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1b977656fee2fb2e66210e174d78e2a484f89e45" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">Spock </th> <td>+</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td>O</td> <td>−</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1b977656fee2fb2e66210e174d78e2a484f89e45" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">lizard </th> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td>O</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1b977656fee2fb2e66210e174d78e2a484f89e45" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}"></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rpsfw_game.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rpsfw_game.svg/300px-Rpsfw_game.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rpsfw_game.svg/450px-Rpsfw_game.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rpsfw_game.svg/600px-Rpsfw_game.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Oriented graph of Rock-Paper-Scissors-Fire-Water</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">game-theoretic analysis</a> showed that 4 variants of 582 possible variations using 5 different weapons have non-trivial <a href="/wiki/Strategy_(game_theory)#Mixed_strategy" title="Strategy (game theory)">mixed strategy equilibria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rpsfwgame_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpsfwgame-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most representative game of these 4 is "rock, paper, scissors, fire, water". Rock beats scissors, paper beats rock, scissors beats paper, fire beats everything except water, and water is beaten by everything except it beats fire. The perfect game-theoretic strategy is to use rock, paper, and scissors <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>9</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5e41e551372333b5c0d7d525ecf3797d67f980a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}"></span> of the time and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7093420fb1b77a06432a4e0d9eba91705cef6d02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}"></span> of the time for fire and water. Nevertheless, experiments show that people underuse water and overuse rock, paper, and scissors in this game.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Rock-Paper-Scissors-Fire-Water;<br /> + means that the row player "beats", − means "is beaten" and O means tie </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#EAECF0;background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49%,#AAA 49.5%,#AAA 50.5%,#EAECF0 51%);line-height:1.2;padding:0.1em 0.4em;"><div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right">Opponent</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left"><br />Row<br />player</div> </th> <th style="min-width:5em">rock </th> <th style="min-width:5em">paper </th> <th style="min-width:5em">scissors </th> <th style="min-width:5em">fire </th> <th style="min-width:5em">water </th> <th nowrap="">Optimal strategy<br />for row player<sup id="cite_ref-rpsfwgame_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpsfwgame-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">rock </th> <td>O</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>9</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5e41e551372333b5c0d7d525ecf3797d67f980a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">paper </th> <td>+</td> <td>O</td> <td>−</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>9</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5e41e551372333b5c0d7d525ecf3797d67f980a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">scissors </th> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td>O</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>9</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5e41e551372333b5c0d7d525ecf3797d67f980a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">fire </th> <td>+</td> <td>+</td> <td>+</td> <td>O</td> <td>−</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7093420fb1b77a06432a4e0d9eba91705cef6d02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">water </th> <td>−</td> <td>−</td> <td>−</td> <td>+</td> <td>O</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7093420fb1b77a06432a4e0d9eba91705cef6d02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}"></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analogues_in_real_life">Analogues in real life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Analogues in real life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lizard_mating_strategies">Lizard mating strategies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lizard mating strategies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Common_side-blotched_lizard#Mating" title="Common side-blotched lizard">Common side-blotched lizard § Mating</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Common_side-blotched_lizard" title="Common side-blotched lizard">common side-blotched lizard</a> (<i>Uta stansburiana</i>) exhibits a rock paper scissors pattern in its mating strategies. Of its three throat color types of males, "orange beats blue, blue beats yellow, and yellow beats orange" in competition for females, which is similar to the rules of rock-paper-scissors.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacteria">Bacteria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bacteria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some bacteria also exhibit a rock paper scissors dynamic when they engage in <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotic</a> production. The theory for this finding was demonstrated by computer simulation and in the laboratory by Benjamin Kerr, working at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> with <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Bohannan" title="Brendan Bohannan">Brendan Bohannan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional <i>in vitro</i> results demonstrate rock paper scissors dynamics in additional species of bacteria.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biologist Benjamin C. Kirkup Jr. demonstrated that these antibiotics, <a href="/wiki/Bacteriocin" title="Bacteriocin">bacteriocins</a>, were active as <i>Escherichia coli</i> compete with each other in the intestines of mice, and that the rock paper scissors dynamics allowed for the continued competition among strains: antibiotic-producers defeat antibiotic-sensitives; antibiotic-resisters multiply and withstand and out-compete the antibiotic-producers, letting antibiotic-sensitives multiply and out-compete others; until antibiotic-producers multiply again.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rock paper scissors is the subject of continued research in bacterial ecology and evolution. It is considered one of the basic applications of <a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">game theory</a> and non-linear dynamics to bacteriology.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Models of evolution demonstrate how intragenomic competition can lead to rock paper scissors dynamics from a relatively general evolutionary model.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The general nature of this basic non-transitive model is widely applied in theoretical biology to explore bacterial ecology and evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanical_devices_and_geometrical_constructions">Mechanical devices and geometrical constructions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mechanical devices and geometrical constructions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the televised <a href="/wiki/Robot_combat" title="Robot combat">robot combat</a> competition <i><a href="/wiki/BattleBots" title="BattleBots">BattleBots</a></i>, relations between "lifters, which had wedged sides and could use forklift-like prongs to flip pure wedges", "spinners, which were smooth, circular wedges with blades on their bottom side for disabling and breaking lifters", and "pure wedges, which could still flip spinners" are analogical to relations in rock paper scissors games and called "robot Darwinism".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instances_of_usage">Instances of usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Instances of usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_court_case">American court case</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: American court case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, American federal judge <a href="/wiki/Gregory_A._Presnell" title="Gregory A. Presnell">Gregory Presnell</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Florida" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida">Middle District of Florida</a> ordered opposing sides in a lengthy court case to settle a trivial (but lengthily debated) point over the appropriate place for a <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(law)" title="Deposition (law)">deposition</a> using the game of rock paper scissors.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ruling in <i>Avista Management v. Wausau Underwriters</i> stated: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Upon consideration of the Motion – the latest in a series of <a href="/wiki/Gordian_knot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordian knot">Gordian knots</a> that the parties have been unable to untangle without enlisting the assistance of the federal courts – it is ORDERED that said Motion is DENIED. Instead, the Court will fashion a new form of alternative dispute resolution, to wit: at 4:00 P.M. on Friday, June 30, 2006, counsel shall convene at a neutral site agreeable to both parties. If counsel cannot agree on a neutral site, they shall meet on the front steps of the Sam M. Gibbons U.S. Courthouse, 801 North Florida Ave., Tampa, Florida 33602. Each lawyer shall be entitled to be accompanied by one paralegal who shall act as an attendant and witness. At that time and location, counsel shall engage in one (1) game of "rock, paper, scissors." The winner of this engagement shall be entitled to select the location for the 30(b)(6) deposition to be held somewhere in Hillsborough County during the period 11–12 July 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auction_house_selection">Auction house selection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Auction house selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Grands_Arbres_au_Jas_de_Bouffan,_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne,_Yorck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Les_Grands_Arbres_au_Jas_de_Bouffan%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg/220px-Les_Grands_Arbres_au_Jas_de_Bouffan%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Les_Grands_Arbres_au_Jas_de_Bouffan%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg/330px-Les_Grands_Arbres_au_Jas_de_Bouffan%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Les_Grands_Arbres_au_Jas_de_Bouffan%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg/440px-Les_Grands_Arbres_au_Jas_de_Bouffan%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3126" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne's</a> <i>Large Trees Under the Jas de Bouffan</i> sold for $11,776,000 at <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-CityReview_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CityReview-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2005, when Takashi Hashiyama, CEO of Japanese television equipment manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Maspro_Denkoh" title="Maspro Denkoh">Maspro Denkoh</a>, decided to auction off the collection of <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionist</a> paintings owned by his corporation, including works by <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, he contacted two leading auction houses, <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a> International and <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> Holdings, seeking their proposals on how they would bring the collection to the market as well as how they would maximize the profits from the sale. Both firms made elaborate proposals, but neither was persuasive enough to earn Hashiyama's approval. Unwilling to split up the collection into separate auctions, Hashiyama asked the firms to decide between themselves who would hold the auction, which included <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne's</a> <i>Large Trees Under the Jas de Bouffan</i>, estimated to be worth between $12 million to $16 million. </p><p>The houses were unable to reach a decision. Hashiyama told the two firms to play rock paper scissors to decide who would get the rights to the auction, explaining that "it probably looks strange to others, but I believe this is the best way to decide between two things which are equally good." </p><p>The auction houses had a weekend to come up with a choice of move. Christie's went to the 11-year-old twin daughters of the international director of Christie's Impressionist and Modern Art Department Nicholas Maclean, who suggested "scissors" because "Everybody expects you to choose 'rock'." Sotheby's said that they treated it as a <a href="/wiki/Game_of_chance" title="Game of chance">game of chance</a> and had no particular strategy for the game, but went with "paper".<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christie's won the match and sold the $20 million collection, earning millions of dollars of commission for the auction house. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FA_Women's_Super_League_match"><span id="FA_Women.27s_Super_League_match"></span>FA Women's Super League match</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: FA Women's Super League match"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to a 26 October 2018 match in the <a href="/wiki/FA_Women%27s_Super_League" class="mw-redirect" title="FA Women's Super League">FA Women's Super League</a>, the referee, upon being without a coin for the pregame <a href="/wiki/Coin_flipping" title="Coin flipping">coin toss</a>, had the team captains play rock paper scissors to determine which team would <a href="/wiki/Kick-off_(association_football)" title="Kick-off (association football)">kick-off</a>. The referee was subsequently suspended for three weeks by <a href="/wiki/The_Football_Association" title="The Football Association">The Football Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Play_by_chimpanzees">Play by chimpanzees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Play by chimpanzees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Japan, researchers have taught <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzees</a> to identify winning hands according to the rules of rock paper scissors.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Game_design">Game design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Game design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many games, it is common for a group of possible choices to interact in a rock paper scissors style, where each selection is strong against a particular choice, but weak against another. Such mechanics can make a game somewhat self-balancing, prevent gameplay from being overwhelmed by a single <a href="/wiki/Dominant_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominant strategy">dominant strategy</a> and single dominant type of unit.<sup id="cite_ref-egenfeldt-nielsen_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egenfeldt-nielsen-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many card-based video games in Japan use the rock paper scissors system as their core fighting system, with the winner of each round being able to carry out their designated attack. In <i><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kidd_in_Miracle_World" title="Alex Kidd in Miracle World">Alex Kidd in Miracle World</a></i>, the player has to win games of rock paper scissors against each boss to proceed. Others use simple variants of rock paper scissors as subgames. </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> role-playing games prominently feature a rock paper scissors gameplay element. In <i><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_(video_game_series)" title="Pokémon (video game series)">Pokémon</a></i>, there is a rock paper scissors element in the type effectiveness system. For example, a Grass-typed Pokémon is weak to Fire, Fire is weak to Water, and Water is weak to Grass.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 3DS remake of <i><a href="/wiki/Mario_%26_Luigi:_Superstar_Saga" title="Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga">Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mario_%26_Luigi:_Bowser%27s_Inside_Story" title="Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story">Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story</a></i>, the battles in the second mode use a “Power Triangle” system based on the game's three attack types: Melee, Ranged, and Flying. In the <i><a href="/wiki/Fire_Emblem" title="Fire Emblem">Fire Emblem</a></i> series of strategy role-playing games, the Weapon Triangle and Trinity of Magic influence the hit and damage rates of weapon types based on whether they are at an advantage or a disadvantage in their respective rock paper scissors system. In the <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Smash_Bros." title="Super Smash Bros.">Super Smash Bros.</a></i> series, the three basic actions used during battles are described in their respective rock paper scissors system: attack, defense, and grab. </p><p>The "Card-Jitsu" minigame in <a href="/wiki/Club_Penguin" title="Club Penguin">Club Penguin</a> is a rock-paper-scissors game using cards that represent the three elements, Fire, Water and Snow. Fire beats snow, snow beats water, water beats fire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tournaments">Tournaments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Tournaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rps2010_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Rps2010_2.jpg/220px-Rps2010_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Rps2010_2.jpg/330px-Rps2010_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Rps2010_2.jpg/440px-Rps2010_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>Two players at the 4th UK Rock Paper Scissors Championships, 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>Various competitive rock paper scissors tournaments have been organised by different groups. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Rock_Paper_Scissors_Association">World Rock Paper Scissors Association</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: World Rock Paper Scissors Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Started in 2015, the WRPSA has hosted Professional Rock Paper Scissors Tournaments all around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Rock_Paper_Scissors_Society">World Rock Paper Scissors Society</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: World Rock Paper Scissors Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The World Rock Paper Scissors Society hosted Professional Rock Paper Scissors Tournaments from 2002 to 2009. These open, competitive championships were widely attended by players from around the world and attracted widespread international media attention.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WRPS events were noted for their large cash prizes, elaborate staging, and colorful competitors.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, the championships were broadcast on the U.S. television network <a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_Net" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Sports Net">Fox Sports Net</a> (later known as <a href="/wiki/Bally_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Bally Sports">Bally Sports</a>), with the winner being Lee Rammage, who went on to compete in at least one subsequent championship.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2007 tournament was won by Andrea Farina.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last tournament hosted by the World RPS Society was in Toronto, Canada, on November 14, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK_championships">UK championships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: UK championships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several RPS events have been organised in the United Kingdom by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacky_Nation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wacky Nation (page does not exist)">Wacky Nation</a>. The 1st UK Championship took place on 13 July 2007, and were then held annually. The 2019 event was won by Ellie Mac, who went on to pick up the cash prize of £20,000 but was unable to double her earnings in 2020 due to the coronavirus outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="USARPS_tournaments">USARPS tournaments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: USARPS tournaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/USA_Rock_Paper_Scissors_League" title="USA Rock Paper Scissors League">USA Rock Paper Scissors League</a> is sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_brands#Bud_Light" title="Anheuser-Busch brands">Bud Light</a>. Leo Bryan Pacis was the first commissioner of the USARPS.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Cody Louis Brown was elected as the second commissioner of the USARPS in 2014.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In April 2006, the inaugural USARPS Championship was held in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Strip" title="Las Vegas Strip">Las Vegas</a>. Following months of regional qualifying tournaments held across the US, 257 players were flown to Las Vegas for a single-elimination tournament at the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Blues" title="House of Blues">House of Blues</a> where the winner received $50,000. The tournament was shown on the <a href="/wiki/A%26E_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="A&E Network">A&E Network</a> on 12 June 2006. </p><p>The $50,000 2007 USARPS Tournament took place at the Las Vegas Mandalay Bay in May 2007. </p><p>In 2008, Sean "Wicked Fingers" Sears beat 300 other contestants and walked out of the Mandalay Bay Hotel and Casino with $50,000 after defeating Julie "Bulldog" Crossley in the finals. </p><p>The inaugural Budweiser International Rock, Paper, Scissors Federation Championship was held in Beijing, China after the close of the 2008 Summer Olympics at Club Bud. A Belfast man won the competition.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_XtremeRPS_Competition_2007–2008"><span id="National_XtremeRPS_Competition_2007.E2.80.932008"></span>National XtremeRPS Competition 2007–2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: National XtremeRPS Competition 2007–2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The XtremeRPS National Competition is a US nationwide RPS competition with Preliminary Qualifying contests that started in January 2007 and ended in May 2008, followed by regional finals in June and July 2008. The national finals were to be held in <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a>, in August 2008, with a chance to win up to $5,000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guinness_Book_of_World_Records"><i>Guinness Book of World Records</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Guinness Book of World Records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest rock paper scissors tournament hosted 2,950 players and was achieved by Oomba, Inc. (USA) at <a href="/wiki/Gen_Con" title="Gen Con">Gen Con</a> 2014 in <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>, Indiana, United States, on 17 August 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Series">World Series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: World Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Former <a href="/wiki/Celebrity_Poker_Showdown" title="Celebrity Poker Showdown">Celebrity Poker Showdown</a> host and USARPS Head Referee<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Phil_Gordon_(poker_player)" title="Phil Gordon (poker player)">Phil Gordon</a> has hosted an annual $500 World Series of Rock Paper Scissors event in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/World_Series_of_Poker" title="World Series of Poker">World Series of Poker</a> since 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The winner of the WSORPS receives an entry into the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Series_of_Poker_Main_Event_champions" title="List of World Series of Poker Main Event champions">WSOP Main Event</a>. The event is an annual fundraiser for the "Cancer Research and Prevention Foundation" via Gordon's charity <i>Bad Beat on Cancer</i>. Poker player <a href="/wiki/Annie_Duke" title="Annie Duke">Annie Duke</a> won the Second Annual World Series of Rock Paper Scissors.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tournament is taped by ESPN and highlights are covered during "The Nuts" section of ESPN's annual WSOP broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2009 was the fifth year of the tournament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jackpot_En_Poy_of_Eat_Bulaga!"><span id="Jackpot_En_Poy_of_Eat_Bulaga.21"></span><i>Jackpot En Poy</i> of <i>Eat Bulaga!</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Jackpot En Poy of Eat Bulaga!"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jackpot En Poy is a game segment on the Philippines' longest running noontime variety show, <i><a href="/wiki/Eat_Bulaga!" title="Eat Bulaga!">Eat Bulaga!</a></i>. The game is based on the classic children's game rock paper scissors (Jak-en-poy in Filipino, derived from the Japanese Jan-ken-pon) where four players are paired to compete in the three-round segment. In the first round, the first pair plays against each other until one player wins three times. The next pair then plays against each other in the second round. The winners from the first two rounds then compete against each other to finally determine the ultimate winner. The winner of the game then moves on to the final round. In the final round, the player is presented with several Dabarkads, each holding different amounts of cash prize. The player will then pick three Dabarkads who they will play rock paper scissors against. The player plays against them one at a time. If the player wins against any of the <i>Eat Bulaga!</i> hosts, they will win the cash prize.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png/42px-Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png/56px-Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Games" title="Portal:Games">Games portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopsticks_(hand_game)" title="Chopsticks (hand game)">Chopsticks (hand game)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matching_pennies" title="Matching pennies">Matching pennies</a>, the binary equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morra_(game)" title="Morra (game)">Morra (game)</a>, another hand game for deciding trivial matters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intransitive_dice" title="Intransitive dice">Intransitive dice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_game_theory#Rock_paper_scissors" title="Evolutionary game theory">Rock paper scissors and human social cyclic behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_action_selection" title="Simultaneous action selection">Simultaneous action selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_(game_theory)#Mixed_strategy" title="Strategy (game theory)">Mixed strategy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFisher2008" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Len (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780465009381"><i>Rock, Paper, Scissors: Game Theory in Everyday Life</i></a></span>. Basic Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780465009381/page/92">92</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786726936" title="Special:BookSources/9780786726936"><bdi>9780786726936</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock%2C+Paper%2C+Scissors%3A+Game+Theory+in+Everyday+Life&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780786726936&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Len&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780465009381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2008" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Len (2008). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockpaperscissor00fish_354"><i>Rock, paper, scissors: game theory in everyday life</i></a></span>. Basic Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockpaperscissor00fish_354/page/n106">94</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786726936" title="Special:BookSources/9780786726936"><bdi>9780786726936</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock%2C+paper%2C+scissors%3A+game+theory+in+everyday+life&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780786726936&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Len&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frockpaperscissor00fish_354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27228416">"How to win at rock-paper-scissors"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150506084058/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27228416">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=How+to+win+at+rock-paper-scissors&rft.date=2014-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-27228416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-長田須磨・須山名保子共編_1977.4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-長田須磨・須山名保子共編_1977.4_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-長田須磨・須山名保子共編_1977.4_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-長田須磨・須山名保子共編_1977.4_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF長田須磨・須山名保子共編1977" class="citation book cs1">長田須磨・須山名保子共編 (April 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B000J8V5WU"><i>『奄美方言分類辞典』上巻</i></a>. Tokyo: Kasama shoin. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B000J8V5WU">B000J8V5WU</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714053837/http://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/product/B000J8V5WU?%2AVersion%2A=1&%2Aentries%2A=0">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8E%E5%A5%84%E7%BE%8E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8%E3%80%8F%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%BB&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Kasama+shoin&rft.date=1977-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.co.jp%2Fdp%2FB000J8V5WU%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.au=%E9%95%B7%E7%94%B0%E9%A0%88%E7%A3%A8%E3%83%BB%E9%A0%88%E5%B1%B1%E5%90%8D%E4%BF%9D%E5%AD%90%E5%85%B1%E7%B7%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.co.jp%2Fdp%2FB000J8V5WU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mentalfloss-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mentalfloss_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mentalfloss_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerro2016" class="citation web cs1">Ferro, Shaunacy (May 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/80201/why-do-people-call-rock-paper-scissors-roshambo">"Why Do People Call Rock-Paper-Scissors "Roshambo?"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mental_Floss" title="Mental Floss">Mental Floss</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210609121842/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/80201/why-do-people-call-rock-paper-scissors-roshambo">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mental+Floss&rft.atitle=Why+Do+People+Call+Rock-Paper-Scissors+%22Roshambo%3F%22&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft.aulast=Ferro&rft.aufirst=Shaunacy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mentalfloss.com%2Farticle%2F80201%2Fwhy-do-people-call-rock-paper-scissors-roshambo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teachinghistory-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teachinghistory_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teachinghistory_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/23932">"Rock Paper Scissors"</a>. <i>teachinghistory.org</i>. Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media at George Mason University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210609121843/https://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/23932">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teachinghistory.org&rft.atitle=Rock+Paper+Scissors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteachinghistory.org%2Fhistory-content%2Fask-a-historian%2F23932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rpscamps-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rpscamps_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114215304/http://www.rpschamps.com/templates/j15_rps/images/propaganda/faq/game-basics/">"Game Basics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rpschamps.com/templates/j15_rps/images/propaganda/faq/game-basics/">the original</a> on 2012-01-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Game+Basics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpschamps.com%2Ftemplates%2Fj15_rps%2Fimages%2Fpropaganda%2Ffaq%2Fgame-basics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._John2003" class="citation news cs1">St. John, Kelly (2003-03-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/03/16/BA251812.DTL">"Ready, set ... Roshambo! Contestants vie for $1,000 purse in Rock, Scissors, Paper contest"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213095322/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/03/16/BA251812.DTL">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-12-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Ready%2C+set+...+Roshambo%21+Contestants+vie+for+%241%2C000+purse+in+Rock%2C+Scissors%2C+Paper+contest&rft.date=2003-03-19&rft.aulast=St.+John&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2003%2F03%2F16%2FBA251812.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2006" class="citation web cs1">Wells, Steven (2006-11-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/nov/24/1">"It's not your dad's ick-ack-ock"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=It%27s+not+your+dad%27s+ick-ack-ock&rft.date=2006-11-24&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2006%2Fnov%2F24%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wrpsa.com/the-origins-and-evolution-of-rock-paper-scissors-a-history-of-the-game/">"The Origins and Evolution of Rock Paper Scissors: A History of the Game"</a>. <i>wrpsa.com</i>. 17 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116100214/https://wrpsa.com/the-origins-and-evolution-of-rock-paper-scissors-a-history-of-the-game/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wrpsa.com&rft.atitle=The+Origins+and+Evolution+of+Rock+Paper+Scissors%3A+A+History+of+the+Game&rft.date=2023-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwrpsa.com%2Fthe-origins-and-evolution-of-rock-paper-scissors-a-history-of-the-game%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomkins2005" class="citation news cs1">Tomkins, Steve (6 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4521589.stm">"Scissors, paper, stone - a strategic game"</a>. <i>news.bbc.co.uk/</i>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418122010/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4521589.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=news.bbc.co.uk%2F&rft.atitle=Scissors%2C+paper%2C+stone+-+a+strategic+game&rft.date=2005-05-06&rft.aulast=Tomkins&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fmagazine%2F4521589.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikihow.com/Video/Play-Rock,-Paper,-Scissors">"How to Play Rock, Paper, Scissors: A Simple Guide"</a>. <i>www.wikihow.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116100212/https://www.wikihow.com/Video/Play-Rock,-Paper,-Scissors">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wikihow.com&rft.atitle=How+to+Play+Rock%2C+Paper%2C+Scissors%3A+A+Simple+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikihow.com%2FVideo%2FPlay-Rock%2C-Paper%2C-Scissors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mamalisa.com/?t=es&p=6533">"Scissors, Paper, Rock - Australia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230801160758/https://www.mamalisa.com/?t=es&p=6533">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scissors%2C+Paper%2C+Rock+-+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mamalisa.com%2F%3Ft%3Des%26p%3D6533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks2022" class="citation news cs1">Hicks, Stacey (2022-10-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kidspot.com.au/news/aussies-debate-the-correct-way-to-play-scissors-paper-rock/news-story/e34273406f9d44687d964f478693d807">"Aussies debate the correct way to play 'Scissors, Paper, Rock'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/News_Corp_Australia#Websites" title="News Corp Australia">Kidspot</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kidspot&rft.atitle=Aussies+debate+the+correct+way+to+play+%27Scissors%2C+Paper%2C+Rock%27&rft.date=2022-10-24&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Stacey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kidspot.com.au%2Fnews%2Faussies-debate-the-correct-way-to-play-scissors-paper-rock%2Fnews-story%2Fe34273406f9d44687d964f478693d807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/467118/rock-paper-scissors-winner-fast-fingered-champ-takes-home-1000-prize#:~:text=%22In%20NZ%2C%20you%20usually%20say,scissors%20last%2C%20you%20throw%20scissors.">"Rock, paper, scissors, winner! Fast-fingered champ takes home $1000 prize"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. 14 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230801160638/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/467118/rock-paper-scissors-winner-fast-fingered-champ-takes-home-1000-prize#:~:text=%22In%20NZ%2C%20you%20usually%20say,scissors%20last%2C%20you%20throw%20scissors.">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Rock%2C+paper%2C+scissors%2C+winner%21+Fast-fingered+champ+takes+home+%241000+prize&rft.date=2022-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F467118%2Frock-paper-scissors-winner-fast-fingered-champ-takes-home-1000-prize%23%3A~%3Atext%3D%2522In%2520NZ%252C%2520you%2520usually%2520say%2Cscissors%2520last%252C%2520you%2520throw%2520scissors.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://view.genial.ly/5f582534c8db0e0d72759a70/interactive-image-te-wiki-o-te-reo-maori-2020-or-ko-ta-te-rangatira-kai-he-krero">"Te Wiki o te Reo Māori 2020 | Ko Tā te Rangatira Kai, He Kōrero"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230801160632/https://view.genial.ly/5f582534c8db0e0d72759a70/interactive-image-te-wiki-o-te-reo-maori-2020-or-ko-ta-te-rangatira-kai-he-krero">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Te+Wiki+o+te+Reo+M%C4%81ori+2020+%26%23124%3B+Ko+T%C4%81+te+Rangatira+Kai%2C+He+K%C5%8Drero&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fview.genial.ly%2F5f582534c8db0e0d72759a70%2Finteractive-image-te-wiki-o-te-reo-maori-2020-or-ko-ta-te-rangatira-kai-he-krero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooreSward,_Jennifer2006" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Michael E.; Sward, Jennifer (2006). <i>Introduction to the game industry</i>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 535. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-168743-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-168743-1"><bdi>978-0-13-168743-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+game+industry&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+NJ&rft.pages=535&rft.pub=Pearson+Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-13-168743-1&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft.au=Sward%2C+Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-linh95-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-linh95_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-linh95_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-linh95_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-linh95_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-linh95_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinhart1995" class="citation journal cs1">Linhart, Sepp (1995). "Some Thoughts on the Ken Game in Japan: From the Viewpoint of Comparative Civilization Studies". <i>Senri Ethnological Studies</i>. <b>40</b>: 101–124. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10502%2F750">10502/750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Senri+Ethnological+Studies&rft.atitle=Some+Thoughts+on+the+Ken+Game+in+Japan%3A+From+the+Viewpoint+of+Comparative+Civilization+Studies&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=101-124&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10502%2F750&rft.aulast=Linhart&rft.aufirst=Sepp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-linha95-3940-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-linha95-3940_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-linha95-3940_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-linha95-3940_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-linha95-3940_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-linha95-3940_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinhart1995" class="citation book cs1">Linhart, Sepp (1995). "Rituality in the ken game". <i>Ceremony and Ritual in Japan</i>. London: Routledge. pp. 38–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415116633" title="Special:BookSources/9780415116633"><bdi>9780415116633</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rituality+in+the+ken+game&rft.btitle=Ceremony+and+Ritual+in+Japan&rft.place=London&rft.pages=38-41&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780415116633&rft.aulast=Linhart&rft.aufirst=Sepp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-linha98-325326-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-linha98-325326_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinhart1998" class="citation book cs1">Linhart, Sepp (1998). "From Kendo to Jan-ken: The Deterioration of a Game from Exoticism to Ordinariness". <i>The Culture of Japan as Seen through Its Leisure</i>. New York: SUNY Press. pp. 325–326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791437919" title="Special:BookSources/9780791437919"><bdi>9780791437919</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Kendo+to+Jan-ken%3A+The+Deterioration+of+a+Game+from+Exoticism+to+Ordinariness&rft.btitle=The+Culture+of+Japan+as+Seen+through+Its+Leisure&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=325-326&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780791437919&rft.aulast=Linhart&rft.aufirst=Sepp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSosnoski2001" class="citation book cs1">Sosnoski, Daniel (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoja00dani/page/44"><i>Introduction to Japanese culture</i></a>. Rutland: Tuttle. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoja00dani/page/44">44</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804820561" title="Special:BookSources/9780804820561"><bdi>9780804820561</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Japanese+culture&rft.place=Rutland&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Tuttle&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780804820561&rft.aulast=Sosnoski&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoja00dani%2Fpage%2F44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinhart1998" class="citation book cs1">Linhart, Sepp (1998). <i>Ken no bunkashi</i>. Tokyo: shoten Kadokawa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-04-702103-2" title="Special:BookSources/4-04-702103-2"><bdi>4-04-702103-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ken+no+bunkashi&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=shoten+Kadokawa&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=4-04-702103-2&rft.aulast=Linhart&rft.aufirst=Sepp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgawa1978" class="citation book cs1">Ogawa, Dennis M. (1978). <i>Jan Ken Po: The World of Hawaii's Japanese Americans</i>. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jan+Ken+Po%3A+The+World+of+Hawaii%27s+Japanese+Americans&rft.place=Hawaii&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Ogawa&rft.aufirst=Dennis+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Korea the name of the game, Kai Bai Bo, or Kawi Bawi Bo, translates as "scissors, rock, cloth". <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://my-seoul-searching.blogspot.co.uk/2009/11/kai-bai-bo.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728170214/http://www.myseoulsearching.com/2009/11/kai-bai-bo.html">Archived</a> 2020-07-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoidevin1921" class="citation journal cs1">Poidevin, L. C. S. (1921-01-07). "Test Match". <i>Sydney Morning Herald</i>: 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Test+Match&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1921-01-07&rft.aulast=Poidevin&rft.aufirst=L.+C.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Chinese Gambling". <i>Washington Herald</i>: 28. 1921-08-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Herald&rft.atitle=Chinese+Gambling&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1921-08-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">After the Rome correspondent of a British paper described the traditional Italian hand-game of <i><a href="/wiki/Morra_(game)" title="Morra (game)">morra</a></i>, which has some similarities to rock paper scissors, a brief correspondence began on the subject. One contributor described a game he had seen played in Mediterranean ports, called 'zot' or 'zhot', which was clearly identical with the modern Rock paper scissors": 'In this game the closed fist represents a stone, the open hand with fingers outstretched paper, and the closed fist with two fingers outstretched scissors...The players stand facing one another, and commence playing simultaneously by raising and lowering the right arm three times rapidly, coming to rest with the fist in any of the three above-mentioned positions. If you keep your fist closed and your opponent flings open his hand then you lose, as paper wraps up stones, and so on.' <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The Times". 1 March 1924: 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Times&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1924-03-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> Letter to the editor, from Paymaster Lieutenant G.L.P. Garwood, R.N.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The Times". 6 March 1924: 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Times&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1924-03-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>: Letter to the editor, from Miss F.C.Pringle</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Fairlie" title="Gerard Fairlie">Gerard Fairlie</a>, <i>Scissors Cuts Paper</i>, Hodder and Stoughton, (1927)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hildegard_G._Frey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hildegard G. Frey (page does not exist)">Hildegard G. Frey</a>, <i>The Campfire Girls Go Motoring</i>, A. L. Burt Company, (1916)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hildegard_G._Frey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hildegard G. Frey (page does not exist)">Hildegard G. Frey</a>, <i>The Campfire Girls Larks and Pranks</i>, A. L. Burt Company, (1917)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"La Vie au patronage". January 1927: 73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+Vie+au+patronage&rft.pages=73&rft.date=1927-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>: "Jeux actifs et mi-actifs pouvant être joués en classe."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'New York Times', May 22, 1932 - The <i>New York Times Magazine</i>, article by Marion May Dilts: "COMMUTING WITH TOKYO'S SUBURBANITES; Their Morning Ritual Is Characteristically Japanese, but In Their Mode of Travel There Is Western Technique"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia</i>, 1933, Volume 7, p. 194. F. E. Compton & Company, Chicago</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rpscontest-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rpscontest_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rpscontest_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rpscontest_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnoll,_Byron" class="citation web cs1">Knoll, Byron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rpscontest.com/">"Rock Paper Scissors Programming Competition"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190410031615/http://www.rpscontest.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+International+RoShamBo+Programming+Competition&rft.date=2001-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebdocs.cs.ualberta.ca%2F~darse%2Frsbpc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lawrence_Journal-World-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lawrence_Journal-World_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steve Vockrodt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2007/apr/08/student_rivals_throw_down_rock_paper_scissors_tour/">"Student rivals throw down at rock, paper, scissors tournament"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070428114558/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2007/apr/08/student_rivals_throw_down_rock_paper_scissors_tour/">Archived</a> 2007-04-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Journal-World" title="Lawrence Journal-World">Lawrence Journal-World</a></i>, 8 April 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox_News-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fox_News_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Y. Park, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/rock-paper-scissors-the-sport">"Rock, Paper, Scissors, the Sport"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News</a></i>, 20 March 2006. Retrieved 13 April 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgnor,_Dan1999" class="citation web cs1">Egnor, Dan (1999-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723203327/http://www.ofb.net/~egnor/iocaine.html">"Iocaine Powder Explained"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rock+Paper+Scissors+Programming+Competition+entry%3A+sixth-order+markov+chain&rft.date=2011-05-22&rft.au=rfw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpscontest.com%2Fentry%2F34014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/video/2012/jun/27/rock-paper-scissors-robot-video">"Rock-paper-scissors robot wins every time – video"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/kontinentalist/how-rock-paper-scissors-is-played-around-asia-46d1d8c93be3">the original</a> on 2021-11-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bloomington, IN: Simon & Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/officialrockpape00walk/page/140">140</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-6751-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-6751-6"><bdi>0-7432-6751-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Rock+paper+Scissors+Strategy+Guide&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7432-6751-6&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Douglas+and+Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fofficialrockpape00walk%2Fpage%2F140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKementerian_Pendidikan_dan_Kebudayaan_RI2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Culture_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia)">Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI</a> (2020-03-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/119573194818796/2686746394768117">"Tahukah, #SahabatDikbud?"</a>. <i>Facebook</i> (in Indonesian). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pigs+Don%27t+Fly+by+Zac+Martin+-+Digital+Marketing+%26+Entrepreneurship%3A+%2B+Bear+Hunter+Ninja&rft.date=2008-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pigsdontfly.com%2F2008%2F04%2Fbear-hunter-ninja.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkin2018" class="citation arxiv cs1">Akin, Ethan (2018). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Conference+on+Agents+and+Artificial+Intelligence&rft.atitle=Towards+a+Framework+for+Management+of+Strategic+Interaction&rft.issue=ICAART&rft.pages=587-590&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Tagiew&rft.aufirst=Rustam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F221539739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Umbhauer-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Umbhauer_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Umbhauer_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUmbhauer2016" class="citation book cs1">Umbhauer, Gisèle (2016). <i>Game Theory and Exercises</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Original+Rock-Paper-Scissors-Spock-Lizard+Page&rft.au=Sam+Kass&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samkass.com%2Ftheories%2FRPSSL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimesSpockLizard-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TimesSpockLizard_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531231332/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/leading_article/article1080425.ece">"... and paper scissors"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. 11 June 2005. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=...+and+paper+scissors&rft.date=2005-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fand-paper-scissors-5pz9q0xkxct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorre" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Lorre" title="Chuck Lorre">Lorre, Chuck</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180730080428/https://www.cbs.com/shows/big_bang_theory/video/926519421/the-big-bang-theory-rock-paper-scissors-lizard-spock/">"The Big Bang Theory Video — Rock, Paper, Scissors, Lizard, Spock — CBS.com"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+rock-paper-scissors+game+and+the+evolution+of+alternative+male+strategies&rft.date=2001-02-20&rft.au=Sinervo%2C+Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbio.research.ucsc.edu%2F~barrylab%2Flizardland%2Fmale_lizards.overview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry_Sinervo_on_the_7th_Avenue_Project_Radio_Show" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Sinervo_on_the_7th_Avenue_Project_Radio_Show&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Sinervo on the 7th Avenue Project Radio Show (page does not exist)">Barry Sinervo on the 7th Avenue Project Radio Show</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://7thavenueproject.com/post/451026680/barry-sinervo-lizards-and-evolution">"The Games Lizards Play"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110424205323/http://7thavenueproject.com/post/451026680/barry-sinervo-lizards-and-evolution">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-04-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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CNN.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216120044/https://archive.fortune.com/2006/06/07/magazines/fortune/judgerps_fortune/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-02-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Order+of+the+court%3A+Avista+Management+vs.+Wausau+Underwriters+Insurance+Co&rft.date=2006-06-07&rft.aulast=Presnell&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2006%2F06%2F07%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Fjudgerps_fortune%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CityReview-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CityReview_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecityreview.com/s05cimp1.html">Art/Auctions logo, Impressionist & Modern Art, Christie's, 7 pm, May 4, 2005, Sale 1514</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080127185532/http://www.thecityreview.com/s05cimp1.html">Archived</a> January 27, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogel2005" class="citation news cs1">Vogel, Carol (April 29, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/29/arts/design/29scis.html">"Rock, Paper, Payoff: Child's Play Wins Auction House an Art Sale"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150309052605/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/29/arts/design/29scis.html?">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rock%2C+Paper%2C+Payoff%3A+Child%27s+Play+Wins+Auction+House+an+Art+Sale&rft.date=2005-04-29&rft.aulast=Vogel&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F04%2F29%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F29scis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheisen2018" class="citation web cs1">Theisen, Lauren (November 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadspin.com/soccer-ref-suspended-three-weeks-for-using-rock-paper-s-1830446662">"Soccer Ref Suspended Three Weeks For Using Rock-Paper-Scissors Instead Of Coin Flip"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deadspin" title="Deadspin">Deadspin</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115095935/https://deadspin.com/soccer-ref-suspended-three-weeks-for-using-rock-paper-s-1830446662">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadspin&rft.atitle=Soccer+Ref+Suspended+Three+Weeks+For+Using+Rock-Paper-Scissors+Instead+Of+Coin+Flip&rft.date=2018-11-14&rft.aulast=Theisen&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadspin.com%2Fsoccer-ref-suspended-three-weeks-for-using-rock-paper-s-1830446662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/science-environment-40946194/chimps-can-play-rock-paper-scissors">"Chimps can play rock-paper-scissors"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171227031016/http://www.bbc.com/news/av/science-environment-40946194/chimps-can-play-rock-paper-scissors">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Chimps+can+play+rock-paper-scissors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fscience-environment-40946194%2Fchimps-can-play-rock-paper-scissors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-egenfeldt-nielsen-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-egenfeldt-nielsen_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgenfeldt-NielsenJonas_Heide_SmithSusana_Pajares_Tosca2008" class="citation book cs1">Egenfeldt-Nielsen, Simon; Jonas Heide Smith; Susana Pajares Tosca (2008). <i>Understanding video games: the essential introduction</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inverse&rft.atitle=The+best+rock-paper-scissors+players+know+how+to+win+without+luck&rft.date=2020-08-05&rft.aulast=Betuel&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inverse.com%2Fmind-body%2Frock-paper-scissors-not-sports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeforkids.com/g56/playing-to-win-2/">"Playing to Win"</a>. <i>Time for Kids</i>. 2021-01-08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421071820/https://www.timeforkids.com/g56/playing-to-win-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+for+Kids&rft.atitle=Playing+to+Win&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeforkids.com%2Fg56%2Fplaying-to-win-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeforkids.com/g2/play-to-win/">"Play to Win"</a>. <i>Time for Kids</i>. 2021-02-09. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421081814/https://www.timeforkids.com/g2/play-to-win/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+for+Kids&rft.atitle=Play+to+Win&rft.date=2021-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeforkids.com%2Fg2%2Fplay-to-win%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/keyshawn-jwill-zubin-130990/episodes/hour-3-ken-whitey-watson-30520248">"Hour 3: Ken "Whitey" Watson by Keyshawn, JWill & Zubin"</a>. <i>Podchaser</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210618083708/https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/keyshawn-jwill-zubin-130990/episodes/hour-3-ken-whitey-watson-30520248">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Podchaser&rft.atitle=Hour+3%3A+Ken+%22Whitey%22+Watson+by+Keyshawn%2C+JWill+%26+Zubin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.podchaser.com%2Fpodcasts%2Fkeyshawn-jwill-zubin-130990%2Fepisodes%2Fhour-3-ken-whitey-watson-30520248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wrpsa.com/about/">"About Us | The World Rock Paper Scissors Association"</a>. 2016-08-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416151356/https://www.wrpsa.com/about/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us+%7C+The+World+Rock+Paper+Scissors+Association&rft.date=2016-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrpsa.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHruby2004" class="citation news cs1">Hruby, Patrick (2004-12-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/dec/10/20041210-120729-4008r/">"Fists fly in game of strategy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210081054/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/dec/10/20041210-120729-4008r/">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Fists+fly+in+game+of+strategy&rft.date=2004-12-10&rft.aulast=Hruby&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2004%2Fdec%2F10%2F20041210-120729-4008r%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1477870">"2003 World Rock Paper Scissors Championship"</a>. <i>All Things Considered</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>. 2003-10-24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060916193934/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1477870">Archived</a> from the original on 2006-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EXCLUSIVE+COVERAGE%3A+Roshambo+%E2%80%94+The+Rematch&rft.pub=Pokerworks&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpokerworks.com%2Fblogs%2Fcraigsjournal%2F2006%2F07%2F27%2Fexclusive-coverage-roshambo-the-rematch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306211900/http://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/tv/eat_bulaga/57015/eat-bulaga-judy-ann-santos-tinalo-ang-kapatid-sa-jackpot-en-poy/video/">"Eat Bulaga: Judy Ann Santos, tinalo ang kapatid sa Jackpot en Poy | Eat Bulaga | TV | GMA Entertainment - Online Home of Kapuso Shows and Stars - Video"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/tv/eat_bulaga/57015/eat-bulaga-judy-ann-santos-tinalo-ang-kapatid-sa-jackpot-en-poy/video/">the original</a> on 2017-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=philstar.com&rft.atitle=Happily+resettled+back+home&rft.aulast=Lo&rft.aufirst=Ricky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fentertainment%2F2017%2F03%2F20%2F1682731%2Fhappily-resettled-back-home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlonzoSinervo2001" class="citation journal cs1">Alonzo, Suzanne H.; Sinervo, Barry (2001). 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"Morphs, Dispersal Behavior, Genetic Similarity, and the Evolution of Cooperation". <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>300</b> (5627): 1949–1951. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Sci...300.1949S">2003Sci...300.1949S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1083109">10.1126/science.1083109</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12817150">12817150</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25573262">25573262</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Morphs%2C+Dispersal+Behavior%2C+Genetic+Similarity%2C+and+the+Evolution+of+Cooperation&rft.volume=300&rft.issue=5627&rft.pages=1949-1951&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1083109&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25573262%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12817150&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003Sci...300.1949S&rft.aulast=Sinervo&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.au=Clobert%2C+Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinervoLively1996" class="citation journal cs1">Sinervo, Barry; Lively, C. 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R. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjhered%2F92.2.198">"The Evolution of Alternative Reproductive Strategies: Fitness Differential, Heritability, and Genetic Correlation Between the Sexes"</a>. <i>Journal of Heredity</i>. <b>92</b> (2): 198–205. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjhered%2F92.2.198">10.1093/jhered/92.2.198</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11396579">11396579</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+Alternative+Reproductive+Strategies%3A+Fitness+Differential%2C+Heritability%2C+and+Genetic+Correlation+Between+the+Sexes&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=198-205&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjhered%2F92.2.198&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11396579&rft.aulast=Sinervo&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.au=Zamudio%2C+K.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjhered%252F92.2.198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSogawa2000" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sogawa, Tsuneo (2000). "Janken". <i>Monthly Sinica</i> (in Japanese). <b>11</b> (5).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Sinica&rft.atitle=Janken&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Sogawa&rft.aufirst=Tsuneo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Baldwin, Wyatt (2017) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Rock-Paper-Scissors-Handbook-Comprehensive/dp/1521785414/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&qid=1515983612&sr=8-8&keywords=rock+paper+scissors+book">The Official Rock Paper Scissors Handbook</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728170224/https://www.amazon.com/Rock-Paper-Scissors-Handbook-Comprehensive/dp/1521785414/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&qid=1515983612&sr=8-8&keywords=rock+paper+scissors+book">Archived</a> 2020-07-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Official Strategy Guide of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wrpsa.com">World Rock Paper Scissors Association</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115184527/http://www.wrpsa.com/">Archived</a> 2018-01-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></li> <li>Walker, Douglas & Walker, Graham (2004) <i>The Official Rock Paper Scissors Strategy Guide</i>. Fireside. (strategy, tips and culture from the World Rock Paper Scissors Society).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_paper_scissors&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/execpicks/fyi/2005/0407/061.html">the original</a> on 2007-12-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pursuits&rft.atitle=Throwing+for+The+Gold&rft.date=2004-07-05&rft.aulast=Abrams&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fexecpicks%2Ffyi%2F2005%2F0407%2F061.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHegan2004" class="citation web cs1">Hegan, Ken (2004-01-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120423175526/http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/hand-to-hand-combat-20040107">"Hand to Hand Combat: Down and dirty at the World Rock Paper Scissors Championship"</a>. Rolling Stone Feature Article. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/hand-to-hand-combat-20040107">the original</a> on 2012-04-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hand+to+Hand+Combat%3A+Down+and+dirty+at+the+World+Rock+Paper+Scissors+Championship&rft.pub=Rolling+Stone+Feature+Article&rft.date=2004-01-07&rft.aulast=Hegan&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fculture%2Fnews%2Fhand-to-hand-combat-20040107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+paper+scissors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://7thavenueproject.com/post/451026680/barry-sinervo-lizards-and-evolution/">A biological example of rock paper scissors: Interview with biologist Barry Sinervo on the 7th Avenue Project Radio Show</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wrpsa.com">The World Rock Paper Scissors Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rpscontest.com/">Rock Paper Scissors Programming Competition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockpas.com/">Rock Paper Scissors online remote edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217202012/https://rockpas.com/">Archived</a> 2020-12-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins" class="citation news cs1">Jenkins, Jolyon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0640tzr">"Rock Paper Scissors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> Radio documentary explores links between RPS and game theory<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Game_theory" title="Template:Game theory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Game_theory" title="Template talk:Game theory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Game_theory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Game theory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Topics_of_game_theory" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics of <a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">game theory</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Definitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congestion_game" title="Congestion game">Congestion game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_game_theory" title="Cooperative game theory">Cooperative game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determinacy" title="Determinacy">Determinacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalation_of_commitment" title="Escalation of commitment">Escalation of commitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensive-form_game" title="Extensive-form game">Extensive-form game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-player_and_second-player_win" title="First-player and second-player win">First-player and second-player win</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_complexity" title="Game complexity">Game complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_game_theory" title="Graphical game theory">Graphical game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_beliefs" title="Hierarchy of beliefs">Hierarchy of beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_set_(game_theory)" title="Information set (game theory)">Information set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal-form_game" title="Normal-form game">Normal-form game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preference_(economics)" title="Preference (economics)">Preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequential_game" title="Sequential game">Sequential game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_game" title="Simultaneous game">Simultaneous game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_action_selection" title="Simultaneous action selection">Simultaneous action selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solved_game" title="Solved game">Solved game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succinct_game" title="Succinct game">Succinct game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_design" title="Mechanism design">Mechanism design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_equilibrium" title="Economic equilibrium">Equilibrium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Solution_concept" title="Solution concept">concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayes_correlated_equilibrium" title="Bayes correlated equilibrium">Bayes correlated equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayesian_Nash_equilibrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayesian Nash equilibrium">Bayesian Nash equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berge_equilibrium" title="Berge equilibrium">Berge equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_(game_theory)" title="Core (game theory)"> Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correlated_equilibrium" title="Correlated equilibrium">Correlated equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition-proof_Nash_equilibrium" title="Coalition-proof Nash equilibrium">Coalition-proof Nash equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon-equilibrium" title="Epsilon-equilibrium">Epsilon-equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionarily_stable_strategy" title="Evolutionarily stable strategy">Evolutionarily stable strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbs_measure" title="Gibbs measure">Gibbs equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mertens-stable_equilibrium" title="Mertens-stable equilibrium">Mertens-stable equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markov_perfect_equilibrium" title="Markov perfect equilibrium">Markov perfect equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_equilibrium" title="Nash equilibrium">Nash equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareto_efficiency" title="Pareto efficiency">Pareto efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_Bayesian_equilibrium" title="Perfect Bayesian equilibrium">Perfect Bayesian equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_equilibrium" title="Proper equilibrium">Proper equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantal_response_equilibrium" title="Quantal response equilibrium">Quantal response equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-perfect_equilibrium" title="Quasi-perfect equilibrium">Quasi-perfect equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_dominance" title="Risk dominance">Risk dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satisfaction_equilibrium" title="Satisfaction equilibrium">Satisfaction equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-confirming_equilibrium" title="Self-confirming equilibrium">Self-confirming equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequential_equilibrium" title="Sequential equilibrium">Sequential equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapley_value" title="Shapley value">Shapley value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_Nash_equilibrium" title="Strong Nash equilibrium">Strong Nash equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subgame_perfect_equilibrium" title="Subgame perfect equilibrium">Subgame perfection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trembling_hand_perfect_equilibrium" title="Trembling hand perfect equilibrium">Trembling hand equilibrium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strategy_(game_theory)" title="Strategy (game theory)">Strategies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Appeasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backward_induction" title="Backward induction">Backward induction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid_shading" title="Bid shading">Bid shading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collusion" title="Collusion">Collusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheap_talk" title="Cheap talk">Cheap talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-escalation" title="De-escalation">De-escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_escalation" title="Conflict escalation">Escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_induction" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward induction">Forward induction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grim_trigger" title="Grim trigger">Grim trigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markov_strategy" title="Markov strategy">Markov strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pairing_strategy" title="Pairing strategy">Pairing strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_dominance" title="Strategic dominance">Dominant strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_(game_theory)" title="Strategy (game theory)">Pure strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_(game_theory)#Mixed_strategy" title="Strategy (game theory)">Mixed strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy-stealing_argument" title="Strategy-stealing argument">Strategy-stealing argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tit_for_tat" title="Tit for tat">Tit for tat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Game_theory_game_classes" title="Category:Game theory game classes">Classes<br />of games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">Auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargaining_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Bargaining problem">Bargaining problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_game" title="Global game">Global game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intransitive_game" title="Intransitive game">Intransitive game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean-field_game_theory" title="Mean-field game theory">Mean-field game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-player_game" title="N-player game"><i>n</i>-player game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_information" title="Perfect information">Perfect information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poisson_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisson games">Large Poisson game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_game" title="Potential game">Potential game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeated_game" title="Repeated game">Repeated game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screening_game" title="Screening game">Screening game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signaling_game" title="Signaling game">Signaling game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strictly_determined_game" title="Strictly determined game">Strictly determined game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stochastic_game" title="Stochastic game">Stochastic game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetric_game" title="Symmetric game">Symmetric game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-sum_game" title="Zero-sum game">Zero-sum game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_games_in_game_theory" title="List of games in game theory">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go_(game)" title="Go (game)">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinite_chess" title="Infinite chess">Infinite chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draughts" class="mw-redirect" title="Draughts">Checkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-pay_auction" title="All-pay auction">All-pay auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner%27s_dilemma" title="Prisoner's dilemma">Prisoner's dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift-exchange_game" title="Gift-exchange game">Gift-exchange game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optional_prisoner%27s_dilemma" title="Optional prisoner's dilemma">Optional prisoner's dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveler%27s_dilemma" title="Traveler's dilemma">Traveler's dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordination_game" title="Coordination game">Coordination game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_(game)" title="Chicken (game)">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centipede_game" title="Centipede game">Centipede game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_signaling_game" title="Lewis signaling game">Lewis signaling game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteer%27s_dilemma" title="Volunteer's dilemma">Volunteer's dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_auction" title="Dollar auction">Dollar auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_sexes_(game_theory)" title="Battle of the sexes (game theory)">Battle of the sexes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_hunt" title="Stag hunt">Stag hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matching_pennies" title="Matching pennies">Matching pennies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimatum_game" title="Ultimatum game">Ultimatum game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_mail_game" title="Electronic mail game">Electronic mail game</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rock paper scissors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_game" title="Pirate game">Pirate game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictator_game" title="Dictator game">Dictator game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_goods_game" title="Public goods game">Public goods game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blotto_game" title="Blotto game">Blotto game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_attrition_(game)" title="War of attrition (game)">War of attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Farol_Bar_problem" title="El Farol Bar problem">El Farol Bar problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_division" title="Fair division">Fair division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_cake-cutting" title="Fair cake-cutting">Fair cake-cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_competition" title="Bertrand competition">Bertrand competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cournot_competition" title="Cournot competition">Cournot competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stackelberg_competition" title="Stackelberg competition">Stackelberg competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadlock_(game_theory)" title="Deadlock (game theory)">Deadlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unscrupulous_diner%27s_dilemma" title="Unscrupulous diner's dilemma">Diner's dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guess_2/3_of_the_average" title="Guess 2/3 of the average">Guess 2/3 of the average</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhn_poker" title="Kuhn poker">Kuhn poker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargaining_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Bargaining problem">Nash bargaining game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_puzzles" title="Induction puzzles">Induction puzzles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictator_game#Trust_game" title="Dictator game">Trust game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_and_monster_game" title="Princess and monster game">Princess and monster game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_problem" title="Rendezvous problem">Rendezvous problem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theorems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aumann%27s_agreement_theorem" title="Aumann's agreement theorem">Aumann's agreement theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_theorem_(game_theory)" title="Folk theorem (game theory)">Folk theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimax" title="Minimax">Minimax theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_equilibrium" title="Nash equilibrium">Nash's theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negamax" title="Negamax">Negamax theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purification_theorem" title="Purification theorem">Purification theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_principle" title="Revelation principle">Revelation principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprague%E2%80%93Grundy_theorem" title="Sprague–Grundy theorem">Sprague–Grundy theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zermelo%27s_theorem_(game_theory)" title="Zermelo's theorem (game theory)">Zermelo's theorem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key<br />figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_W._Tucker" title="Albert W. Tucker">Albert W. Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Augustin_Cournot" title="Antoine Augustin Cournot">Antoine Augustin Cournot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Rubinstein" title="Ariel Rubinstein">Ariel Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_K._Levine" title="David K. Levine">David K. Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Kreps" title="David M. Kreps">David M. Kreps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Gillies" title="Donald B. Gillies">Donald B. Gillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Fudenberg" title="Drew Fudenberg">Drew Fudenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_W._Kuhn" title="Harold W. Kuhn">Harold W. Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Moulin" title="Hervé Moulin">Hervé Moulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conway" class="mw-redirect" title="John Conway">John Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Mertens" title="Jean-François Mertens">Jean-François Mertens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Tour_Chayes" title="Jennifer Tour Chayes">Jennifer Tour Chayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John Harsanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">John Maynard Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash_Jr." title="John Forbes Nash Jr.">John Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Binmore" title="Kenneth Binmore">Kenneth Binmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley" title="Lloyd Shapley">Lloyd Shapley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Dresher" title="Melvin Dresher">Melvin Dresher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrill_M._Flood" title="Merrill M. Flood">Merrill M. Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Bondareva" title="Olga Bondareva">Olga Bondareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Morgenstern" title="Oskar Morgenstern">Oskar Morgenstern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Paul Milgrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyton_Young" title="Peyton Young">Peyton Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Reinhard Selten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Axelrod_(political_scientist)" title="Robert Axelrod (political scientist)">Robert Axelrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Robert Aumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger Myerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bowles_(economist)" title="Samuel Bowles (economist)"> Samuel Bowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Scotchmer" title="Suzanne Scotchmer">Suzanne Scotchmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas Schelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Search optimizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha%E2%80%93beta_pruning" title="Alpha–beta pruning">Alpha–beta pruning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_window" title="Aspiration window">Aspiration window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_variation_search" title="Principal variation search">Principal variation search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max%5En_algorithm" title="Max^n algorithm">max^n algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranoid_algorithm" title="Paranoid algorithm">Paranoid algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_SMP" title="Lazy SMP">Lazy SMP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bounded_rationality" title="Bounded rationality">Bounded rationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combinatorial_game_theory" title="Combinatorial game theory">Combinatorial game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confrontation_analysis" title="Confrontation analysis">Confrontation analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coopetition" title="Coopetition">Coopetition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_game_theory" title="Evolutionary game theory">Evolutionary game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_game_theory" title="Glossary of game theory">Glossary of game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_theorists" title="List of game theorists">List of game theorists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_games_in_game_theory" title="List of games in game theory">List of games in game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-win_situation" title="No-win situation">No-win situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topological_game" title="Topological game">Topological game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">Tragedy of the commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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