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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>有結構</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-有結構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-無結構" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#無結構"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>無結構</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-無結構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-做法技巧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#做法技巧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>做法技巧</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-做法技巧-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去做法技巧細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-做法技巧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-聆聽" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#聆聽"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>聆聽</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-聆聽-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-開頭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#開頭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>開頭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-開頭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分析方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分析方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>分析方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分析方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-優同缺點" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#優同缺點"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>優同缺點</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-優同缺點-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外拎" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外拎"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外拎</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外拎-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="訪問研究">訪問研究</a>跳轉過嚟)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82%E8%A8%AA%E8%AB%87%E9%8C%84-p1.68-DSC_0422%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82%E8%A8%AA%E8%AB%87%E9%8C%84-p1.68-DSC_0422%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82.jpg/300px-%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82%E8%A8%AA%E8%AB%87%E9%8C%84-p1.68-DSC_0422%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82%E8%A8%AA%E8%AB%87%E9%8C%84-p1.68-DSC_0422%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82.jpg/450px-%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82%E8%A8%AA%E8%AB%87%E9%8C%84-p1.68-DSC_0422%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82%E8%A8%AA%E8%AB%87%E9%8C%84-p1.68-DSC_0422%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82.jpg/600px-%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82%E8%A8%AA%E8%AB%87%E9%8C%84-p1.68-DSC_0422%E9%99%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%91%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>想像中嘅面試：「我哋係 XX 公司嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="市場調查">市場調查</a>專員，請問你有冇用過我哋公司嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81" title="產品">產品</a>呢？」「有呀，我早兩日先買咗你哋<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%8C%E5%AD%90" title="牌子">牌子</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%B8%E6%AA%AC%E8%8C%B6" title="檸檬茶">檸檬茶</a>。」</figcaption></figure> <p><b>面試研究</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E6%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="粵拼">粵拼</a>：<span>Min<span class="Jpingtone">6</span> si<span class="Jpingtone">5</span> jin<span class="Jpingtone">4</span> gau<span class="Jpingtone">3</span></span>），又或者叫<b>訪問研究</b>，係一種做<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="研究">研究</a>嘅方法，指研究者透過<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="面試">面試</a>對答嚟攞研究用嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A" title="數據">數據</a>，常見於<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="社會學">社會學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="教育學">教育學</a>等嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="社會科學">社會科學</a>。呢種研究偏向<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="定性研究">定性</a>多過<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="定量研究">定量</a>，可以按照「有幾多硬性規定」分做<b>有結構</b>同<b>無結構</b>兩大類。 </p><p>喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%8A%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="營銷">營銷</a>同相關嘅領域上，做研究嘅人成日用面試研究，想探知<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E8%80%85" title="消費者">消費者</a>或者使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81" title="產品">產品</a>嘅人對一件產品有咩觀感。研究者會用各種技巧引受訪者<a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9B%E5%98%A2" title="講嘢">講嘢</a>，想知受訪者用件產品嗰陣有咩體驗，佢哋對件產品有乜嘢感受（鍾意定唔鍾意），以及係乜嘢體驗引致佢哋嘅感受（如果唔鍾意，係咩體驗令佢哋唔鍾意）... 呀噉。訪問後，研究者就會得到一啲有用資訊，可以攞去報告<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="有無結構"><span id=".E6.9C.89.E7.84.A1.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>有無結構</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 有無結構"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5" title="社會統計調查">社會統計調查</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E5%B7%A5" title="見工">見工</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="有結構"><span id=".E6.9C.89.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>有結構</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 有結構"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>如果話一場面試研究<b>有結構</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，意思係話研究者打算事先「部署」好晒場面試要點樣進行：研究者會喺面試前準備好一個列表，列出晒佢哋要問咩問題——呢個列表望落好似一份有專人設計嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%8F%E5%8D%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="問卷">問卷</a>噉，次次做親面試都一定要問晒每條問題；除此之外，研究者仲會盡力做到無論面試對象係咩人，都保持完全一致嘅態度同舉止，以防自己喺<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" title="行為">行為</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E6%83%85" class="mw-redirect" title="表情">表情</a>上嘅變動會影響受試者作答。因為有結構面試偏向吓吓要跟足計劃行事，呢類研究好多時都偏好問<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E9%96%89%E5%BC%8F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="封閉式問題">封閉式問題</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，答嗰個只能夠喺幾個可能答案當中揀一個，例如想像有位研究者想探究啲人<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="組織心理學">返工嗰陣嘅行為</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <dl><dd>「你有冇試過用 <a href="/wiki/Zoom_(%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6)" title="Zoom (軟件)">Zoom</a> 嚟<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="開會">開會</a>？」</dd> <dd>「你覺得你做嗰行嘅前景，係咪明朗？」</dd> <dd>「你有冇試過喺 office 同同事鬧交？」</dd></dl> <p>對於呢條問題，答嗰個得幾個答案可以揀，例如<b>有</b>同<b>冇</b>、<b>係</b>同<b>唔係</b>等嘅二元選擇，再唔係就答<b>唔知</b>或者<b>冇意見</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因此，有結構面試被指係成日「限制」住受訪者作答嘅自由，實際上似<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%8F%E5%8D%B7%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5" title="問卷調查">問卷調查</a>多啲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="無結構"><span id=".E7.84.A1.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>無結構</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 無結構"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%BE%E9%96%92%E5%81%88" class="mw-redirect" title="傾閒偈">傾閒偈</a></div> <p><b>無結構</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>嘅面試研究就好唔同。有人嗌呢種研究做<b>受引導嘅對話</b><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rubin12_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubin12-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，研究者依然會有返個明確嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE%E6%A8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="目標">目標</a>（知自己想研究乜），但係就唔會有太多硬性嘅規劃。做無結構嘅面試研究，研究者通常唔會準備一個列表，列出「一定要問晒」嘅問題，而且亦唔會追求「無論對住邊個，行為舉止都完全一樣」；反而佢哋場面試會做到好似<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%BE%E9%96%92%E5%81%88" class="mw-redirect" title="傾閒偈">傾閒偈</a>噉，會問較多<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="開放式問題">開放式問題</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，甚至容許受訪者問返研究者轉頭，用返返工行為做例子<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <dl><dd>「可唔可以講講你同你老闆關係點？」</dd> <dd>「你對你做嗰行嘅前景，有咩睇法？」</dd> <dd>「你喺 office 同啲同事互動，氣氛係點？」</dd></dl> <p>有<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="教育">教育</a>領域嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85" title="學者">學者</a>噉樣嚟描述無結構面試： </p> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float: none; padding: 0.3em 1em;"><p> 「（無結構面試想達致嘅係）按受訪者嘅步伐理解佢哋，聽清楚佢哋點樣喺自己嘅人生、體驗同<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="認知過程">認知過程</a>當中搵到意義。<sup id="cite_ref-brenner06_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brenner06-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>有學者話，無結構型嘅面試旨在「要探究受訪者嘅世界，搵出佢哋講嘅每隻<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" title="字詞">字詞</a>同每句<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="句子">句子</a>背後嘅意思」，唔似得有結構型嘅面試噉，好多時一味掛住搵出一啲數值<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>無論係有結構定無結構嘅面試，研究方法背後梗會有<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" title="邏輯">邏輯</a>。喺現實應用上，研究者通常都會跟從某啲<a href="/wiki/Protocol_(%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94)" title="Protocol (科研)">協定</a>，即係一啲既定嘅方法，係學界普遍接受嘅。呢啲協定實會或多或少有理據，每條行事法則背後都有原理<sup id="cite_ref-yin15_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yin15-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="做法技巧"><span id=".E5.81.9A.E6.B3.95.E6.8A.80.E5.B7.A7"></span>做法技巧</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 做法技巧"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>做訪問研究好有技巧。 </p><p>一般認為，訪問者理應要保持中立，唔應該對任何嘢作出價值判斷，更加唔可以畀受訪者覺得一條問題「有正確答案」。而且訪問者亦應該要保持友善，得到受訪者嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E8%B3%B4" title="信賴">信賴</a>，噉樣受訪者就會更加暢所欲言。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="聆聽"><span id=".E8.81.86.E8.81.BD"></span>聆聽</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 聆聽"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>好多學者主張，<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%86%E8%81%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="聆聽">聆聽</a>係面試研究嘅重要技巧：一般認為，訪問者嘅職責係發問，啲問題要逐條逐條噉問，亦要令受訪者覺得自己嘅意見受重視，噉就最引得到受訪者講嘢；訪問者亦要不時問口，叫受訪者詳細啲解釋自己嘅諗法，例如<sup id="cite_ref-yin15_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yin15-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:p 144</sup> </p> <dl><dd>「呀吓，可唔可以講講，點解你會有噉嘅觀感呢？」<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>呀噉。無論如何，訪問過程理應要多數時間都係受訪者喺道講嘢，噉樣訪問者先可以由受訪者身上得到大量數據。有研究者仲話面試研究最惡劣嘅情況，係訪問者問咗條好長嘅問題，不過答案就係簡單二元嘅「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%96%91%E5%95%8F%E5%8F%A5" title="一般疑問句">係定唔係</a>」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="開頭"><span id=".E9.96.8B.E9.A0.AD"></span>開頭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 開頭"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>面試研究亦有所謂嘅<b>大巡迴問題</b><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>概念<sup id="cite_ref-brenner06_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brenner06-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>：大巡迴問題泛指一啲開放式問題，係容許受訪者「設下訪問嘅大方向」嘅，呢條問題通常係訪問一開始嗰時問，然後訪問者就會由受訪者畀嘅答案嗰道搵線索，進一步發問<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；大巡迴問題嘅例子有—— </p> <ul><li>「喺過往呢一年，閣下間<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%B8" title="中學">中學</a>發展如何？」</li> <li>「你做中學老師嘅，呢排有咩工作忙緊？」</li> <li>「你可唔可以講講，你哋 office 嘅典型工作日係咩樣嘅呢？」</li></ul> <p>理想嘅話，受試者會畀一個相當長嘅答案，然後訪問者就會由個答案道搵出有啲乜嘢係值得進一步探索嘅——想像「吖，你頭先提到最近好多中學生出現情緒問題喎，可唔可以詳細啲解釋吓？」噉嘅問題<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分析方法"><span id=".E5.88.86.E6.9E.90.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>分析方法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 分析方法"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>做親面試研究，啲數據實會包含<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>性質嘅內容——研究者會記低受訪者講咗乜，而呢啲數據跟住會攞去做進一步嘅分析，面試研究得到嘅數據，可以用以下方法分析： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="主題分析">主題分析</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>：搵出數據入面有邊啲<b>主題</b>，從而增進對現象嘅了解；舉個簡單例子，想像有個人做<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="市場研究">市場研究</a>，訪問咗一班<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E8%80%85" title="消費者">消費者</a>，問佢哋對<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81" title="產品">產品</a> A 有咩觀感，佢哋發覺受訪者當中有大半（70%）嘅人都（用唔同嘅字眼）話件產品嘅 <a href="/wiki/Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Design">design</a> 好有<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%84%8F" title="創意">創意</a>（主題），跟住就將呢個發現寫落研究報告嗰道。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="自然語言處理">自然語言處理</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>：用<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a>分析語言文字數據<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；到咗廿一世紀初，已經有技術可以做到分析字句嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="語義">意思</a>，甚至可以用數值表示一段語言文字數據當中「有咩情感」。詳情可以睇睇<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="文本情感分析">文本情感分析</a>方面嘅內容。</li> <li>數值型嘅量度：原則上，研究者可以索性用一啲數值嚟評估受訪者，例如「1 到 10 分嚟量度受訪者有幾鍾意佢個工作環境，呢位受訪者攞幾多分？」；有關呢啲分析要點做，可以睇睇<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="心理測量">心理測量</a>方面嘅概念。</li></ul> <p>等等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="優同缺點"><span id=".E5.84.AA.E5.90.8C.E7.BC.BA.E9.BB.9E"></span>優同缺點</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: 優同缺點"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>面試研究嘅優點<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li>可以深入探知受訪者嘅經歷同諗法。</li> <li>研究者可以<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F" title="觀察">觀察</a>受訪者，而受訪者嘅「眉頭眼額」有時可以提供重要資訊。</li> <li>研究者可以就個別受訪者，調整自己問咩問題，確保自己由每位受訪者身上得到最多嘅資訊。</li></ul> <p>面試研究嘅缺點： </p> <ul><li>訪問好花時間，研究者唔能夠訪問好多人，噉就表示研究嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A3%E6%9C%AC" title="樣本">樣本</a>會細。</li> <li>訪問好花精神，可能會搞到研究者好攰。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5" title="社會統計調查">社會統計調查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="市場調查">市場調查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%A9%9F%E4%BA%92%E5%8B%95" title="人機互動">人機互動</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="資料"><span id=".E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯小節: 資料"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>註解： </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>數值</b>：想像一位研究者做有結構面試，搵出（例如）以 10 分做滿分，啲受訪者<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87" title="平均">平均</a>畀件產品 7 分。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">為咗令場對話似傾偈，呢啲問題通常唔會跟足「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%87%E6%9C%AC" title="劇本">劇本</a>」嚟讀。</span> </li> </ol></div> <p>重要詞彙嘅英文版： </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2020813"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">structured</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">closed-end question</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">unstructured</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">guided conversation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">open-end question</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">grand tour question</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">thematic analysis</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">NLP</span> </li> </ol></div> <p>引用咗嘅參考來源： </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2020813"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Koren, Y., Feingold Polak, R., & Levy-Tzedek, S. (2022). Extended interviews with stroke patients over a long-term rehabilitation using human-robot or human-computer interactions. <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>, 14(8), 1893-1911，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%A9%9F%E4%BA%92%E5%8B%95" title="人機互動">人機互動</a>研究搵咗班<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%A2%A8" title="中風">中風</a>病人返嚟，畀其中一啲病人試吓喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="機械人">機械人</a>協助下做康復，再做訪問，想知道病人對機械人<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E8%B3%B4" title="信賴">信唔信賴</a>。佢哋對病人講嘅嘢做咗<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="主題分析">主題分析</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://career.io/career-advice/examples-closed-ended-interview-questions">5 Examples of closed-ended interview questions. With answers!</a>. career.io</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fontana, Andrea, & Frey, James H. (2005). The interview: From neutral stance to political involvement. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), <i>The Sage handbook of qualitative research</i> (3rd ed., pp. 695–727). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rubin12-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rubin12_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubin, Herbert J., & Rubin, Irene S. (2012). <i>Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data</i> (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holstein, James A., & Gubrium, Jaber F. (2003). <i>Inside interviewing: New lenses, new concerns</i>. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brenner06-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-brenner06_11-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-brenner06_11-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Brenner, Mary E. (2006). Interviewing in educational research. In J. L. Green, G. Camilli, & P. B. Elmore (Eds.), <i>Handbook of complementary methods in education research</i> (3rd ed., pp. 357-370). Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yin15-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-yin15_13-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-yin15_13-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Yin, R. K. (2015). <i>Qualitative research from start to finish</i>. Guilford publications. <b>6C "Interview"</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchbasics.education.uconn.edu/qualitative_research/#:~:text=Grand%20tour%20questions%20are%20open,the%20leads%20have%20been%20followed.">Qualitative Research</a>. UConn.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spradley, James P. (1979). <i>The ethnographic interview</i>. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Siswanto, J., Suakanto, S., Andriani, M., Hardiyanti, M., & Kusumasari, T. F. (2022). Interview bot development with natural language processing and machine learning. <i>International Journal of Technology</i>, 13(2), 274-285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weiss, R. S. (1994). <i>Learning from strangers, the art and method of qualitative interview studies</i>. New York, NY: Free Pr.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外拎"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E6.8B.8E"></span>外拎</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯小節: 外拎"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color: var(--color-subtle, #555); font-size: 0.8em; position: relative; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="連到香港繁體網頁">（香港繁體）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hkuspace.hku.hk/cht/prog/social-sciences-research-method">社會科學研究方法</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="香港大學">香港大學</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="研究" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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title="自然科學">自然科學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="社會科學">社會科學</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="應用科學">應用科學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="研究開發">研究開發</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="人文學">人文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%AD%B8" title="商學">商學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E6%A5%AD" title="專業">專業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E5%AD%B8%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="跨學科研究">跨學科</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BookReader-favicon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/BookReader-favicon.svg/150px-BookReader-favicon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/BookReader-favicon.svg/225px-BookReader-favicon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/BookReader-favicon.svg/300px-BookReader-favicon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="449" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">研究過程</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="研究設計" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="Research design"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="研究設計 (無呢版)">研究設計</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_design" class="extiw" title="en:Research design"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Research design</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83%E6%9B%B8" title="研究計劃書">計劃書</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="定性研究">定性</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="定量研究">定量</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="研究問題">問題</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="假說">假說</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C" title="學術寫作">學術寫作</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E7%B6%9C%E8%BF%B0" title="文獻綜述">文獻綜述</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB" title="參考文獻">參考文獻</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E6%96%87%E6%80%A7" title="互文性">互文性</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%89" title="論證">論證</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">研究方法</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="方法學">方法研究</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="科學方法">科學方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E4%BA%8B%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="敘事分析">敘事分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AE%E6%A0%B9%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="紮根理論">紮根理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="批判理論">批判理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="史學方法">史學方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="解釋學">解釋學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藝術方法學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="Art methodology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藝術方法學 (無呢版)">藝術方法學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_methodology" class="extiw" title="en:Art methodology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Art methodology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="實用主義">實用主義</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="實驗">實驗</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7" title="科學對照">對照</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="實驗設計">設計</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E7%B5%84%E5%90%8C%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%B5%84" title="實驗組同對照組">實驗組同對照組</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="隨機化實驗">隨機化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%90%E5%9B%A0%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="析因實驗">析因</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E5%9C%B0%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="實地實驗">實地</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="自然實驗">自然</a>實驗</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="盲實驗">盲實驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="準實驗">準實驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="實驗室">實驗室</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="二次研究">二次研究</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E7%B6%9C%E8%BF%B0" title="文獻綜述">文獻綜述</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%B6%9C%E8%BF%B0" title="系統綜述">系統綜述</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="元分析">元分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E8%A8%88%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%B8" title="文獻計量學">文獻計量學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="科學模型">科學模型</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC" title="模擬">模擬</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="檔案研究">檔案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="統計學">統計學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="觀察研究">觀察</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5" title="社會統計調查">社會調查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%AF%9F" title="考察">考察</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">面談</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="內容分析">內容分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="對話分析">對話分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="主題分析">主題分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E6%A1%88%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="個案研究">個案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">機構制度</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="大學">大學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="研究院">研究院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%A9%E5%A3%AB" title="碩士">碩士</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="博士">博士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85" title="學者">學者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%8A%A9%E7%90%86" title="研究助理">研究助理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="論文">論文</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87" title="博士論文">博士論文</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="學術出版">出版</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A" title="學術期刊">期刊</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%90%8C%E5%84%95%E4%BA%92%E8%A9%95" title="學術同儕互評">同儕互評</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%A0%94%E8%A8%8E%E6%9C%83" title="學術研討會">研討會</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="哲學">哲學</a>相關</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96" title="知識論">知識論</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%A9%97%E5%90%8C%E5%BE%8C%E9%A9%97" title="先驗同後驗">先驗同後驗</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" title="邏輯">邏輯</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" title="哲學邏輯">哲學邏輯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形而上學">形而上學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="理性主義">理性主義</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="經驗主義">經驗主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="科學哲學">科學哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E4%BB%BD%E5%AD%90" title="知識份子">知識份子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">拉雜相關</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E5%BE%8C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="事後分析">事後分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%8C%96" title="量化">量化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E5%AD%B8" title="圖書館學">圖書館學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E5%AD%B8%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E8%A1%A8" title="圖書館學詞彙表">詞彙表</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="科學運算">科學運算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="百科全書">百科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AF%86" title="保密">保密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E7%89%99%E5%A1%94" title="象牙塔">象牙塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%97%E5%98%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="諗嘢">諗嘢</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%84%8F" title="創意">創意</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="創新">創新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9B%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="教書哲學">教書哲學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Category:研究">研究類</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="心理學（saai6_ko1）各領域" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:心理學"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:心理學 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="心理學（saai6_ko1）各領域" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學">心理學</a>（<span>saai<span class="Jpingtone">6</span> ko<span class="Jpingtone">1</span></span>）各領域</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="對人類嘅行為（人類行為）、認知同情感嘅科學研究">對<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="人類">人類</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" title="行為">行為</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" title="人類行為">人類行為</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5" title="認知">認知</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" title="情感">情感</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="科學研究">科學研究</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">研究方法</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學哲學">心理學哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97" title="動物試驗">動物試驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E9%80%A0%E5%BD%B1" title="神經造影">神經造影</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="行為表觀遺傳學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="Behavioral epigenetics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E8%A1%A8%E8%A7%80%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="行為表觀遺傳學 (無呢版)">行為表觀遺傳學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_epigenetics" class="extiw" title="en:Behavioral epigenetics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Behavioral epigenetics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="人類研究">人類研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" class="mw-redirect" title="心理實驗">實驗</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="觀察研究">觀察</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%B8" title="心理測量學">心理測量</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B8%AC%E9%A9%97" title="心理測驗">心理測驗</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="檔案研究">檔案研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5" title="社會統計調查">社會統計調查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E6%A1%88%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="個案研究">個案研究</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">面試研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="內容分析">內容分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%B9%B2%E9%A0%90" title="心理干預">干預</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="定量研究">定量研究</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="定性研究">定性研究</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mental_Health_-_The_Noun_Project.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mental_Health_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/100px-Mental_Health_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mental_Health_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/150px-Mental_Health_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mental_Health_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/200px-Mental_Health_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="609" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="理論心理學">理論領域</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="實驗心理學">實驗心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E9%87%8F%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="計量心理學">計量心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%90%86%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="數理心理學">數理心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="行為科學">行為科學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E5%AD%B8" title="動物行為學">動物行為學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="行為遺傳學">行為遺傳學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="行為主義">行為主義</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="認知科學">認知科學</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="認知心理學">認知心理學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="認知神經科學">認知神經科學</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社會認知神經科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="Social cognitive neuroscience"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會認知神經科學 (無呢版)">社會認知神經科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cognitive_neuroscience" class="extiw" title="en:Social cognitive neuroscience"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Social cognitive neuroscience</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理物理學">心理物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E5%BD%A2%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="完形心理學">完形心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="認知主義">認知主義</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學">生物</a>偏向</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="比較心理學">比較心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="進化心理學">進化心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理生理學">心理生理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="神經心理學">神經心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="發育心理學">發育心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="情緒科學">情緒科學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="情緒神經科學">情緒神經科學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="社科">社科</a>偏向</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="社會心理學">社會心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="性格心理學">性格心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="心理語言學">心理語言學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="文化心理學">文化心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="道德心理學">道德心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" 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