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id="toc-Current_plates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_plates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_plates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Major plates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_plates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minor_plates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minor_plates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Minor plates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minor_plates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microplates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microplates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Microplates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microplates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_tectonic_plates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_tectonic_plates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ancient tectonic plates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ancient_tectonic_plates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ancient tectonic plates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ancient_tectonic_plates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-African_plate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_plate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>African plate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_plate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antarctic_plate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antarctic_plate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Antarctic plate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antarctic_plate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eurasian_plate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eurasian_plate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Eurasian plate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eurasian_plate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indo-Australian_plate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indo-Australian_plate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Indo-Australian plate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indo-Australian_plate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_American_plate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_American_plate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>North American plate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_American_plate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_American_plate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_American_plate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>South American plate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_American_plate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of tectonic plates</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قائمة الصفائح التكتونية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة الصفائح التكتونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="ভূত্বকীয় পাতের তালিকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূত্বকীয় পাতের তালিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_tektonick%C3%BDch_desek" title="Seznam tektonických desek – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seznam tektonických desek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_tektonischen_Platten" title="Liste der tektonischen Platten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste der tektonischen Platten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Placas_tect%C3%B3nicas" title="Anexo:Placas tectónicas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Placas tectónicas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerrenda:Plaka_tektonikoak" title="Zerrenda:Plaka tektonikoak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zerrenda:Plaka tektonikoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_de_plaques_tectoniques" title="Liste de plaques tectoniques – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste de plaques tectoniques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liosta_na_bpl%C3%A1ta%C3%AD_teicteonacha" title="Liosta na bplátaí teicteonacha – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Liosta na bplátaí teicteonacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_lempeng_tektonik" title="Daftar lempeng tektonik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar lempeng tektonik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamba_la_gandunia" title="Bamba la gandunia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bamba la gandunia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_plat_tektonik" title="Senarai plat tektonik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Senarai plat tektonik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinentaalplaad" title="Kontinentaalplaad – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kontinentaalplaad" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_over_tektoniske_plater" title="Liste over tektoniske plater – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liste over tektoniske plater" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoqodama_Tectonic_Plate" title="Qoqodama Tectonic Plate – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Qoqodama Tectonic Plate" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_placas_tect%C3%B3nicas" title="Lista de placas tectónicas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de placas tectónicas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates" title="List of tectonic plates – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="List of tectonic plates" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoznam_tektonick%C3%BDch_platn%C3%AD" title="Zoznam tektonických platní – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zoznam tektonických platní" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நிலத் தட்டுகளின் பட்டியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிலத் தட்டுகளின் பட்டியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tektonik_levhalar_listesi" title="Tektonik levhalar listesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tektonik levhalar listesi" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of tectonic plates</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tectonic_plates_(2022).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tectonic_plates_%282022%29.svg/300px-Tectonic_plates_%282022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tectonic_plates_%282022%29.svg/450px-Tectonic_plates_%282022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tectonic_plates_%282022%29.svg/600px-Tectonic_plates_%282022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="975" /></a><figcaption>Map of Earth's 16 principal tectonic plates, showing plate boundary types:<br /> <a href="/wiki/Divergent_boundary" title="Divergent boundary">Divergent</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#a50f15 solid 2px;"> </span> Spreading center</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#e7298a solid 2px;"> </span> Extension zone</div> <a href="/wiki/Convergent_boundary" title="Convergent boundary">Convergent</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#08519c solid 2px;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">Subduction zone</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#8c6bb1 solid 2px;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Collision_zone" title="Collision zone">Collision zone</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Transform_boundary" class="mw-redirect" title="Transform boundary">Transform</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#fe9929 solid 2px;"> </span> Dextral transform</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#006837 solid 2px;"> </span> Sinistral transform</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plate_tectonics_map.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Plate_tectonics_map.gif/220px-Plate_tectonics_map.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Plate_tectonics_map.gif/330px-Plate_tectonics_map.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Plate_tectonics_map.gif/440px-Plate_tectonics_map.gif 2x" data-file-width="3380" data-file-height="2285" /></a><figcaption>Plate tectonics map from NASA</figcaption></figure> <p>This is a <b>list of tectonic plates</b> on <a href="/wiki/Earth#Surface" title="Earth">Earth's surface</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">Tectonic plates</a> are pieces of <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_crust" title="Earth's crust">Earth's crust</a> and uppermost <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a>, together referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Lithosphere" title="Lithosphere">lithosphere</a>. The plates are around 100 km (62 mi) thick and consist of two principal types of material: <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_crust" title="Oceanic crust">oceanic crust</a> (also called <i><a href="/wiki/Sima_(geology)" title="Sima (geology)">sima</a></i> from <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Continental_crust" title="Continental crust">continental crust</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sial" title="Sial">sial</a></i> from silicon and <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>). The composition of the two types of crust differs markedly, with <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basaltic</a> rocks dominating oceanic crust, while continental crust consists principally of lower-<a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a> <a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">felsic</a> <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granitic</a> rocks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_plates">Current plates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Current plates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Geologist" title="Geologist">Geologists</a> generally agree that the following tectonic plates currently exist on <a href="/wiki/Earth#Surface" title="Earth">Earth's surface</a> with roughly definable boundaries. Tectonic plates are sometimes subdivided into three fairly arbitrary categories: <i>major</i> (or <i>primary</i>) <i>plates</i>, <i>minor</i> (or <i>secondary</i>) <i>plates</i>, and <i>microplates</i> (or <i>tertiary plates</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Madaan_2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madaan_2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_plates">Major plates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major plates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg/410px-Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="410" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg/615px-Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg/820px-Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4903" data-file-height="2996" /></a><figcaption>Map showing Earth's principal tectonic plates and their boundaries in detail</figcaption></figure> <p>These plates comprise the bulk of the continents and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. For purposes of this list, a major plate is any plate with an area greater than 20 million km<sup>2</sup> (7.7 million sq mi) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_plate" title="African plate">African plate</a> – Tectonic plate underlying Africa – 61,300,000 km<sup>2</sup> (23,700,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_plate" title="Antarctic plate">Antarctic plate</a> – Major tectonic plate containing Antarctica and the surrounding ocean floor – 60,900,000 km<sup>2</sup> (23,500,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_plate" title="Eurasian plate">Eurasian plate</a> – Tectonic plate which includes most of Eurasia – 67,800,000 km<sup>2</sup> (26,200,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Australian_plate" title="Indo-Australian plate">Indo-Australian plate</a> – Major tectonic plate formed by the fusion of the Indian and Australian plates (sometimes considered to be two separate tectonic plates) – 58,900,000 km<sup>2</sup> (22,700,000 sq mi) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_plate" title="Australian plate">Australian plate</a> – Major tectonic plate separated from Indo-Australian plate about 3 million years ago – 47,000,000 km<sup>2</sup> (18,000,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian plate</a> – Minor plate that separated from Gondwana – 11,900,000 km<sup>2</sup> (4,600,000 sq mi)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_plate" title="North American plate">North American plate</a> – Large tectonic plate including most of North America, Greenland and part of Siberia – 75,900,000 km<sup>2</sup> (29,300,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_plate" title="Pacific plate">Pacific plate</a> – Oceanic tectonic plate under the Pacific Ocean – 103,300,000 km<sup>2</sup> (39,900,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_plate" title="South American plate">South American plate</a> – Major tectonic plate which includes most of South America and a large part of the south Atlantic – 43,600,000 km<sup>2</sup> (16,800,000 sq mi)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minor_plates">Minor plates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Minor plates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These smaller plates are often not shown on major plate maps, as the majority of them do not comprise significant land area. For purposes of this list, a minor plate is any plate with an area less than 20 million km<sup>2</sup> (7.7 million sq mi) but greater than 1 million km<sup>2</sup> (0.39 million sq mi). </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amurian_microplate" title="Amurian microplate">Amurian microplate</a> – A minor tectonic plate in eastern Asia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_plate" title="Arabian plate">Arabian plate</a> – Minor tectonic plate – 5,000,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1,900,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_plate" title="Burma plate">Burma plate</a> – Minor tectonic plate in Southeast Asia – 1,100,000 km<sup>2</sup> (420,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_plate" title="Caribbean plate">Caribbean plate</a> – A mostly oceanic tectonic plate including part of Central America and the Caribbean Sea – 3,300,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1,300,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_plate" title="Caroline plate">Caroline plate</a> – Minor oceanic tectonic plate north of New Guinea – 1,700,000 km<sup>2</sup> (660,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_plate" title="Cocos plate">Cocos plate</a> – Young oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America – 2,900,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1,100,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian plate</a> – Minor plate that separated from Gondwana – 11,900,000 km<sup>2</sup> (4,600,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazca_plate" title="Nazca plate">Nazca plate</a> – Oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin – 15,600,000 km<sup>2</sup> (6,000,000 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides_plate" title="New Hebrides plate">New Hebrides plate</a> – Minor tectonic plate in the Pacific Ocean near Vanuatu – 1,100,000 km<sup>2</sup> (420,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhotsk_microplate" title="Okhotsk microplate">Okhotsk microplate</a> – Minor tectonic plate in Asia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea_plate" title="Philippine Sea plate">Philippine Sea plate</a> – Oceanic tectonic plate to the east of the Philippines – 5,500,000 km<sup>2</sup> (2,100,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_plate" title="Scotia plate">Scotia plate</a> – Minor oceanic tectonic plate between the Antarctic and South American plates – 1,600,000 km<sup>2</sup> (620,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Somali plate</a> – Minor tectonic plate including the east coast of Africa and the adjoining seabed – 16,700,000 km<sup>2</sup> (6,400,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_plate" title="Sunda plate">Sunda plate</a> – Tectonic plate including Southeast Asia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_plate" title="Yangtze plate">Yangtze plate</a> – Tectonic plate carrying the bulk of southern China</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microplates">Microplates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Microplates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These plates are often grouped with an adjacent principal plate on a tectonic plate world map. For purposes of this list, a microplate is any plate with an area less than 1 million km<sup>2</sup>. Some models identify more minor plates within current <a href="/wiki/Orogeny" title="Orogeny">orogens</a> (events that lead to a large structural deformation of <a href="/wiki/Lithosphere#Earth's_lithosphere" title="Lithosphere">Earth's lithosphere</a>) like the Apulian, Explorer, Gorda, and Philippine Mobile Belt plates.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latest studies have shown that microplates are the basic elements of which the crust is composed and that the larger plates are composed of amalgamations of these, and a subdivision of ca. 1200 smaller plates has come forward.<sup id="cite_ref-Hasterok-etal_2022_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasterok-etal_2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-van_Dijk_2023_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_Dijk_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JPVD-NGTM2023-Comp2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/JPVD-NGTM2023-Comp2.jpg/440px-JPVD-NGTM2023-Comp2.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/JPVD-NGTM2023-Comp2.jpg/660px-JPVD-NGTM2023-Comp2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/JPVD-NGTM2023-Comp2.jpg/880px-JPVD-NGTM2023-Comp2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="15007" data-file-height="6858" /></a><figcaption>The new Global Tectonic Map with the subdivision of the Continents, Oceans and Mobile mountain belts in ca. 1200 smaller plates. Legend: Green: Terrane (microplate) boundaries in the Continental Blocks, Cyan: Terranes of the Oceanic Plates, Orange: terranes inside the Mobile Belts, Blue: Oceanic transform faults; Red: Fault zones in the Continental and Mountain belt domain; Purple: Main subduction zones and suture zones; Orange dots: volcanoes.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>African plate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lwandle_plate" title="Lwandle plate">Lwandle plate</a> – Mainly oceanic tectonic microplate off the southeast coast of Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovuma_plate" title="Rovuma plate">Rovuma plate</a> – One of three tectonic microplates that contribute to the Nubian Plate and the Somali Plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_microplate" title="Victoria microplate">Victoria microplate</a></li></ul></li> <li>Antarctic plate <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Antarctic_plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Antarctic plate (page does not exist)">East Antarctic plate</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_plate" title="Shetland plate">Shetland plate</a> – Tectonic microplate off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Antarctic_plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Antarctic plate (page does not exist)">West Antarctic plate</a></li></ul></li> <li>Australian plate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_plate" title="Capricorn plate">Capricorn plate</a> – Proposed minor tectonic plate under the Indian Ocean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuna_plate" title="Futuna plate">Futuna plate</a> – Very small tectonic plate near the south Pacific island of Futuna</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermadec_plate" title="Kermadec plate">Kermadec plate</a> – Tectonic plate in the south Pacific Ocean</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macquarie_plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macquarie plate (page does not exist)">Macquarie plate</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gasperini2023_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gasperini2023-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoke_plate" title="Maoke plate">Maoke plate</a> – Small tectonic plate in western New Guinea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuafo%27ou_plate" title="Niuafo'ou plate">Niuafo'ou plate</a> – Small tectonic plate west of Tonga</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga_plate" title="Tonga plate">Tonga plate</a> – Small tectonic plate in the southwest Pacific Ocean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlark_plate" title="Woodlark plate">Woodlark plate</a> – Small tectonic plate located to the east of the island of New Guinea</li></ul></li> <li>Caribbean plate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A2ve_microplate" title="Gonâve microplate">Gonâve microplate</a> – Part of the boundary between the North American plate and the Caribbean plate</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispaniola_microplate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispaniola microplate (page does not exist)">Hispaniola microplate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Hispaniola_microplate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Hispaniola microplate (page does not exist)">North Hispaniola microplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_plate" title="Panama plate">Panama plate</a> – Small tectonic plate in Central America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico-Virgin_Islands_microplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands microplate">Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands microplate</a> – Part of the boundary between the North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Jamaica_microplate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Jamaica microplate (page does not exist)">South Jamaica microplate</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cocos plate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rivera_plate" title="Rivera plate">Rivera plate</a> – Small tectonic plate off the west coast of Mexico</li></ul></li> <li>Eurasian plate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_plate" title="Adriatic plate">Adriatic plate</a>, also known as the Apulian plate – A small tectonic plate in the Mediterranean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_plate" title="Aegean Sea plate">Aegean Sea plate</a>, also known as Hellenic plate – A small tectonic plate in the eastern Mediterranean Sea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolian plate">Anatolian plate</a> – Continental tectonic plate comprising most of the Anatolian Peninsula (Asia Minor)<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azores_Plateau" title="Azores Plateau">Azores microplate</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea_plate" title="Banda Sea plate">Banda Sea plate</a> – Minor tectonic plate underlying the Banda Sea in southeast Asia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hreppar_microplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hreppar microplate">Hreppar microplate</a> – Small tectonic plate in south Iceland, between the Eurasian plate and the North American plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_plate" title="Iberian plate">Iberian plate</a> – Small tectonic plate now part of the Eurasian plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian plate">Iranian plate</a> – Geological feature in Asia<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea_plate" title="Molucca Sea plate">Molucca Sea plate</a> – Small fully subducted tectonic plate near Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_plate" title="Halmahera plate">Halmahera plate</a> – Small tectonic plate in the Molucca Sea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangihe_plate" title="Sangihe plate">Sangihe plate</a> – Microplate within eastern Indonesia</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_plate" title="Okinawa plate">Okinawa plate</a> – Minor tectonic plate from the northern end of Taiwan to the southern tip of Kyūshū</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelso_plate" title="Pelso plate">Pelso plate</a> – Small tectonic unit in the Pannonian Basin in Europe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_plate" title="Timor plate">Timor plate</a> – Microplate in Southeast Asia carrying the island of Timor and surrounding islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisza_plate" title="Tisza plate">Tisza plate</a> – Tectonic microplate, in present-day Europe</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Fuca_plate" title="Juan de Fuca plate">Juan de Fuca plate</a> – Small tectonic plate in the eastern North Pacific – 250,000 km<sup>2</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_plate" title="Explorer plate">Explorer plate</a> – Oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorda_plate" title="Gorda plate">Gorda plate</a> – One of the northern remnants of the Farallon plate</li></ul></li> <li>Nazca plate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coiba_plate" title="Coiba plate">Coiba plate</a> – Tectonic plate off the coast south of Panama and northwestern Colombia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpelo_plate" title="Malpelo plate">Malpelo plate</a> – A small tectonic plate off the coast west of Ecuador and Colombia</li></ul></li> <li>North American plate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_plate" title="Greenland plate">Greenland plate</a> – Supposed tectonic microplate containing the Greenland craton<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Islands_Subplate" title="Queen Elizabeth Islands Subplate">Queen Elizabeth Islands Subplate</a> – Small tectonic plate containing the Queen Elizabeth Islands of Northern Canada</li></ul></li> <li>Pacific plate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Reef_plate" title="Balmoral Reef plate">Balmoral Reef plate</a> – Small tectonic plate in the south Pacific north of Fiji</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Head_plate" title="Bird's Head plate">Bird's Head plate</a> – Small tectonic plate in New Guinea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Reef_plate" title="Conway Reef plate">Conway Reef plate</a> – Small tectonic plate in the south Pacific west of Fiji</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_microplate" title="Easter microplate">Easter microplate</a> – Very small tectonic plate to the west of Easter Island</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_microplate" title="Galápagos microplate">Galápagos microplate</a> – Very small tectonic plate at the Galápagos triple junction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_plate" title="Juan Fernández plate">Juan Fernández plate</a> – Very small tectonic plate in the southern Pacific Ocean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manus_plate" title="Manus plate">Manus plate</a> – Tiny tectonic plate northeast of New Guinea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bismarck_plate" title="North Bismarck plate">North Bismarck plate</a> – Small tectonic plate in the Bismarck Sea north of New Guinea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Galapagos_microplate" title="North Galapagos microplate">North Galápagos microplate</a> – Tectonic plate off west South America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sea_plate" title="Solomon Sea plate">Solomon Sea plate</a> – Minor tectonic plate near the Solomon Islands archipelago in the Pacific Ocean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bismarck_plate" title="South Bismarck plate">South Bismarck plate</a> – Small tectonic plate in the southern Bismarck Sea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trobriand_plate" title="Trobriand plate">Trobriand plate</a> – Small tectonic plate located to the east of the island of New Guinea</li></ul></li> <li>Philippine Sea plate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_plate" title="Mariana plate">Mariana plate</a> – Small tectonic plate west of the Mariana Trench</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Mobile_Belt" title="Philippine Mobile Belt">Philippine Mobile Belt</a>, also known as Philippine microplate – Tectonic boundary</li></ul></li> <li>Scotia plate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Sandwich_plate" title="South Sandwich plate">South Sandwich plate</a> – Small tectonic plate south of the South American plate</li></ul></li> <li>Somali plate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_plate" title="Madagascar plate">Madagascar plate</a> – Tectonic plate formerly part of the supercontinent Gondwana</li></ul></li> <li>South American plate <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiplano_plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiplano plate (page does not exist)">Altiplano plate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falklands_microplate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falklands microplate (page does not exist)">Falklands microplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Andes_plate" title="North Andes plate">North Andes plate</a> – Small tectonic plate in the northern Andes (mainly in <a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_Colombia" title="Category:Geology of Colombia">Colombia</a>, minor parts in <a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_Ecuador" title="Category:Geology of Ecuador">Ecuador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_Venezuela" title="Category:Geology of Venezuela">Venezuela</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_tectonic_plates">Ancient tectonic plates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancient tectonic plates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the history of Earth, many tectonic plates have come into existence and have over the intervening years either accreted onto other plates to form larger plates, rifted into smaller plates, or have been crushed by or subducted under other plates. </p><p>The following is a list of ancient <a href="/wiki/Craton" title="Craton">cratons</a>, <a href="#Microplates">microplates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Terrane" title="Terrane">terranes</a> which no longer exist as separate plates. <i>Cratons</i> are the oldest and most stable parts of the continental lithosphere, and <i>shields</i> are exposed parts of them. <i>Terranes</i> are fragments of crustal material formed on one tectonic plate and accreted to crust lying on another plate, which may or may not have originated as independent microplates: a terrane may not contain the full thickness of the lithosphere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_plate">African plate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: African plate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantica" title="Atlantica">Atlantica</a> – Ancient continent formed during the Proterozoic about 2 billion years ago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangweulu_Block" title="Bangweulu Block">Bangweulu Block</a> – Part of the Congo craton of central Africa (<a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Craton" title="Congo Craton">Congo Craton</a> – Precambrian craton that with four others makes up the modern continent of Africa (<a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaapvaal_Craton" title="Kaapvaal Craton">Kaapvaal Craton</a> – Archaean craton, possibly part of the Vaalbara supercontinent (<a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Craton" title="Kalahari Craton">Kalahari Craton</a> – African geological area (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_Metacraton" title="Saharan Metacraton">Saharan Metacraton</a> – Large area of continental crust in the north-central part of Africa (<a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebakwe_proto-Craton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebakwe proto-Craton">Sebakwe proto-Craton</a> – Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span> (Zimbabwe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Craton" title="Tanzania Craton">Tanzania Craton</a> – Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere in central Tanzania (<a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Craton" title="West African Craton">West African Craton</a> – One of the five cratons of the Precambrian basement rock of Africa that make up the African Plate (<a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d'Ivoire">Côte d'Ivoire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea Bissau">Guinea Bissau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>)</li> <li>Zaire Craton (Congo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Craton" title="Zimbabwe Craton">Zimbabwe Craton</a> – Area in Southern Africa of ancient continental crust (Zimbabwe)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antarctic_plate">Antarctic plate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Antarctic plate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bellingshausen_plate" title="Bellingshausen plate">Bellingshausen plate</a> – Ancient tectonic plate that fused onto the Antarctic plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcot_plate" title="Charcot plate">Charcot plate</a> – Fragment of the Phoenix tectonic plate fused to the Antarctic Peninsula</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctic_Shield" title="East Antarctic Shield">East Antarctic Shield</a>, also known as East Antarctic Craton – Cratonic rock body which makes up most of the continent Antarctica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_plate" title="Phoenix plate">Phoenix plate</a> – Tectonic plate that existed during the early Paleozoic through late Cenozoic time</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eurasian_plate">Eurasian plate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Eurasian plate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorican_terrane" title="Armorican terrane">Armorica</a> – Microcontinent or group of continental fragments rifted away from Gondwana (France, Germany, Spain and Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalonia" title="Avalonia">Avalonia</a> – Microcontinent in the Paleozoic era (<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, and United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_plate" title="Baltic plate">Baltic plate</a> – Ancient tectonic plate from the Cambrian to the Carboniferous Period</li> <li>Belomorian Craton</li> <li>Central Iberian plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimmeria_(continent)" title="Cimmeria (continent)">Cimmerian plate</a> – Ancient string of microcontinents that rifted from Gondwana (<a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina">Indochina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malaya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_China_Craton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East China Craton (page does not exist)">East China Craton</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_European_Craton" title="East European Craton">East European Craton</a> – Geology of Europe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Shield" title="Baltic Shield">Baltic Shield</a>, also known as Fennoscandian Shield – Ancient segment of Earth's crust</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungaria" title="Dzungaria">Junggar plate</a> – Geographical subregion in Northwest China and Eastern Kazakhstan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunic_terranes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunic terranes">Hunic plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_Craton" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian Craton">Karelian Craton</a> – Region comprising the Scandinavian Peninsula, Finland, Karelia, and the Kola Peninsula</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstania" title="Kazakhstania">Kazakhstania</a> – Geological region in Central Asia and the Junngar Basin in China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola_Craton" class="mw-redirect" title="Kola Craton">Kola Craton</a> – Geographical peninsula in Europe<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_terrane" title="Lhasa terrane">Lhasa terrane</a> – Fragment of crustal material that forms present-day southern Tibet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massif_Central" title="Massif Central">Massif Central</a> – Highland region in southern France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldanubian_Zone" title="Moldanubian Zone">Moldanubian plate</a> – A tectonic zone in Europe formed during the Variscan or Hercynian Orogeny</li> <li>Moravo Silesian plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_Microcraton" title="Midlands Microcraton">Midlands Microcraton</a> – Block of late Neoproterozoic crust which underlies the English Midlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Craton" title="North Atlantic Craton">North Atlantic Craton</a> – Archaean craton exposed in Greenland, Labrador, and northwestern Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Craton" title="North China Craton">North China Craton</a> – Continental crustal block in northeast China, Inner Mongolia, the Yellow Sea, and North Korea</li> <li>Ossa-Morena plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piemont-Liguria_Ocean" title="Piemont-Liguria Ocean">Piemont-Liguria plate</a> – Former piece of oceanic crust that is seen as part of the Tethys Ocean</li> <li>Proto-Alps Terrane</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhenohercynian_Zone" title="Rhenohercynian Zone">Rhenohercynian plate</a> – Fold belt of west and central Europe, formed during the Hercynian orogeny</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatian_Craton" title="Sarmatian Craton">Sarmatian Craton</a> – The southern part of the East European Craton or Baltica, also known as Scythian Plateau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxothuringian_Zone" title="Saxothuringian Zone">Saxothuringian plate</a> – Structural or tectonic zone in the Hercynian or Variscan orogen of central and western Europe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia_(continent)" title="Siberia (continent)">Siberian Craton</a> – Ancient craton forming the Central Siberian Plateau</li> <li>South Portuguese plate</li> <li>Tarim Craton</li> <li>Teplá-Barrandian Terrane</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Shield" title="Ukrainian Shield">Ukrainian Shield</a> – The southwest shield of the East European craton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais_Ocean" title="Valais Ocean">Valais plate</a> – Subducted ocean basin. Remnants found in the Alps in the North Penninic nappes.</li> <li>Volgo-Uralian Craton</li> <li>Yakutai Craton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_(continent)" class="mw-redirect" title="South China (continent)">Yangtze Craton</a> – Precambrian continental block located in China<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indo-Australian_plate">Indo-Australian plate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Indo-Australian plate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ausgeolbasic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ausgeolbasic.jpg/180px-Ausgeolbasic.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ausgeolbasic.jpg/270px-Ausgeolbasic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ausgeolbasic.jpg/360px-Ausgeolbasic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="845" /></a><figcaption>Basic geological regions of Australia, by age</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Geology_Zones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/India_Geology_Zones.jpg/220px-India_Geology_Zones.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/India_Geology_Zones.jpg/330px-India_Geology_Zones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/India_Geology_Zones.jpg/440px-India_Geology_Zones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="586" /></a><figcaption>Map of chronostratigraphic divisions of India</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Altjawarra Craton (<a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a>)</li> <li>Aravalli Craton (India)</li> <li>Bastar Craton (India)</li> <li>Bhandara Craton (<a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">India</a>)</li> <li>Bundelkhand Craton (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharwar_Craton" title="Dharwar Craton">Dharwar Craton</a> – Part of the Indian Shield in south India</li> <li>Central Craton (Australia)</li> <li>Curnamona Craton (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawler_Craton" title="Gawler Craton">Gawler Craton</a> – Province of the larger West Australian Shield in central South Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Craton" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Craton">Indian Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narooma_Terrane" title="Narooma Terrane">Narooma Terrane</a> – Geological structural region on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilbara_Craton" title="Pilbara Craton">Pilbara Craton</a> – Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere located in Pilbara, Western Australia</li> <li>Singhbhum Craton (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yilgarn_Craton" title="Yilgarn Craton">Yilgarn Craton</a> – Large craton in Western Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Shield" title="Australian Shield">Australian Shield</a>, also known as Western Australian Shield – Large part of the continent of Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a> – Mostly submerged continental crust area in Oceania. See <a href="/wiki/Moa_plate" title="Moa plate">Moa plate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Howe_Rise" title="Lord Howe Rise">Lord Howe Rise</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_American_plate">North American plate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: North American plate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_america_basement_rocks.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/North_america_basement_rocks.png/220px-North_america_basement_rocks.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/North_america_basement_rocks.png/330px-North_america_basement_rocks.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/North_america_basement_rocks.png/440px-North_america_basement_rocks.png 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North American</a> cratons and basement rocks</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalonia" title="Avalonia">Avalonia</a> – Microcontinent in the Paleozoic era (Canada, Great Britain, and United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_terrane" title="Carolina terrane">Carolina plate</a> – Exotic terrane from central Georgia to central Virginia in the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Craton" title="Churchill Craton">Churchill Craton</a> – Geologic region in Canada (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farallon_plate" title="Farallon plate">Farallon plate</a> – Ancient oceanic plate that has mostly subducted under the North American plate (split into the Cocos, Explorer, Juan de Fuca, Gorda plates, Nazca plate, and Rivera plates)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Florida" title="Geology of Florida">Florida plate</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearne_Craton" title="Hearne Craton">Hearne Craton</a> – Craton in northern Canada (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentia" title="Laurentia">Laurentian Craton</a>, also known as North American Craton – Craton forming the geological core of North America (Canada and United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_plate" title="Insular plate">Insular plate</a> – Ancient oceanic plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermontane_plate" title="Intermontane plate">Intermontane plate</a> – Ancient oceanic tectonic plate on the west coast of North America about 195 million years ago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izanagi_plate" title="Izanagi plate">Izanagi plate</a> – Ancient tectonic plate</li> <li>Mexican plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nain_Province" title="Nain Province">Nain Province</a> – Part of the North Atlantic Craton in Labrador, Canada (Canada)</li> <li>Newfoundland plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Craton" title="North Atlantic Craton">North Atlantic Craton</a> – Archaean craton exposed in Greenland, Labrador, and northwestern Scotland</li> <li>Nova Scotia plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rae_Craton" title="Rae Craton">Rae Craton</a> – Archean craton in northern Canada north of the Superior Craton (Canada)</li> <li>Sask Craton (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sclavia_Craton" title="Sclavia Craton">Sclavia Craton</a> – Late Archean supercraton (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Craton" title="Slave Craton">Slave Craton</a> – Area of ancient rocks in northwest Canada (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_Craton" title="Superior Craton">Superior Craton</a> – Large crustal block in North America (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Craton" title="Wyoming Craton">Wyoming Craton</a> – Craton in the west-central United States and western Canada (United States)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_American_plate">South American plate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: South American plate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_Craton" title="Amazonian Craton">Amazonian Craton</a> – Geologic province in South America (<a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Shield" title="Guiana Shield">Guiana Shield</a> – Precambrian geological formation in northeast South America (Brazil, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata_Craton" title="Río de la Plata Craton">Río de la Plata Craton</a> – Medium-sized continental block in Uruguay, eastern Argentina and southern Brazil (<a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_Craton" title="São Francisco Craton">São Francisco Craton</a> – Ancient craton in eastern South America (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arequipa-Antofalla" title="Arequipa-Antofalla">Arequipa–Antofalla Craton</a> – South American geology (Argentina, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Geology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/28px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/42px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/56px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="328" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geology" title="Portal:Geology">Geology portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asthenosphere" title="Asthenosphere">Asthenosphere</a> – Highly viscous, ductile, and mechanically weak region of Earth's mantle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Continent</a> – Large geographical region identified by convention</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craton" title="Craton">Craton</a> – Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platform_(geology)" title="Platform (geology)">Platform</a> – A continental area covered by relatively flat or gently tilted, mainly sedimentary strata</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_(geology)" title="Shield (geology)">Shield</a> – Large stable area of exposed Precambrian crystalline rock</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_crust" title="Earth's crust">Earth's crust</a> – Earth's outer shell of rock <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_crust" title="Continental crust">Continental crust</a> – Layer of rock that forms the continents and continental shelves</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_crust" title="Oceanic crust">Oceanic crust</a> – Uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_mantle" title="Earth's mantle">Earth's mantle</a> – A layer of silicate rock between Earth's crust and its outer core <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_mantle_(Earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower mantle (Earth)">Lower mantle</a> – The region from 660 to 2900 km below Earth's surface<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_mantle_(Earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper mantle (Earth)">Upper mantle</a> – Very thick layer of rock inside Earth<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geochemistry" title="Geochemistry">Geochemistry</a> – Science that applies chemistry to analyze geological systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sial" title="Sial">Sial</a> – Rocks rich in aluminium silicate minerals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_(geology)" title="Sima (geology)">Sima</a> – Rocks rich in magnesium silicate minerals</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrosphere" title="Hydrosphere">Hydrosphere</a> – Total amount of water on a planet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithosphere" title="Lithosphere">Lithosphere</a> – Outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Ocean</a> – Body of salt water covering most of Earth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">Plate tectonics</a> – Movement of Earth's lithosphere <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plate_interactions" title="List of tectonic plate interactions">List of tectonic plate interactions</a> – Types of plate boundaries</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">Supercontinent</a> – Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrane" title="Terrane">Terrane</a> – Fragment of crust formed on one tectonic plate and accreted to another</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">15,600,000 km<sup>2</sup> is the original size before the 2017 split of the <a href="/wiki/Coiba_plate" title="Coiba plate">Coiba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malpelo_plate" title="Malpelo plate">Malpelo</a> plates.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Madaan_2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Madaan_2020_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMadaan2020" class="citation web cs1">Madaan, About Sonia (2020-08-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eartheclipse.com/geology/tectonic-plates.html#How_Many_Tectonic_Plates_Are_on_Earth">"7 Major Tectonic Plates (Pacific, African, Eurasian, Antarctic and more)"</a>. <i>Earth Eclipse</i>. 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"An updated digital model of plate boundaries". <i>Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems</i> 4 (3): 1027. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2001GC000252">10.1029/2001GC000252</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://peterbird.name/publications/2003_PB2002/2003_PB2002.htm">http://peterbird.name/publications/2003_PB2002/2003_PB2002.htm</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hasterok-etal_2022-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hasterok-etal_2022_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hasterok, D., Halpin, J., Collins, A.S., Hand, M., Kreemer, C., Gard, M., and Glorie, S. (2022); New maps of global geological provinces and tectonic plates. Earth Science Reviews, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-van_Dijk_2023-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-van_Dijk_2023_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">van Dijk, J.P. (2023); The New Global Tectonic Map - Analyses and Implications. Terra Nova, 2023, 27 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2FTER.12662">10.1111/TER.12662</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://antarctic-plate-tectonics.weebly.com/tectonic-plates.html">Antarctic Plate Tectonics</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gasperini2023-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gasperini2023_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasperiniLigiAccettellaBosman2023" class="citation journal cs1">Gasperini, L; Ligi, M; Accettella, D; Bosman, A; Cuffaro, M; Lodolo, E; Martorelli, E; Muccini, F; Palmiotto, C; Polonia, A (1 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2FG50556.1">"Late Miocene to recent tectonic evolution of the Macquarie Triple Junction"</a>. <i>Geology</i>. <b>51</b> (2): 146–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2FG50556.1">10.1130/G50556.1</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology&rft.atitle=Late+Miocene+to+recent+tectonic+evolution+of+the+Macquarie+Triple+Junction&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=146-50&rft.date=2023-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2FG50556.1&rft.aulast=Gasperini&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Ligi%2C+M&rft.au=Accettella%2C+D&rft.au=Bosman%2C+A&rft.au=Cuffaro%2C+M&rft.au=Lodolo%2C+E&rft.au=Martorelli%2C+E&rft.au=Muccini%2C+F&rft.au=Palmiotto%2C+C&rft.au=Polonia%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1130%252FG50556.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+tectonic+plates" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civil.ist.utl.pt/cratera/intro.htm">"Introduction - Project Cratera"</a>. <i>utl.pt</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=utl.pt&rft.atitle=Introduction+-+Project+Cratera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civil.ist.utl.pt%2Fcratera%2Fintro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+tectonic+plates" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234468330_MORVEL_A_new_estimate_for_geologically_recent_plate_motions">Demets, C., Gordon, Richard, & Argus, Donald, «MORVEL: A new estimate for geologically recent plate motions» in <i>AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiels_HenriksenA.K._HigginsFeiko_KalsbeekT._Christopher_R._Pulvertaft2000" class="citation news cs1">Niels Henriksen; A.K. Higgins; Feiko Kalsbeek; T. Christopher R. Pulvertaft (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207074112/http://www.geus.dk/publications/bull-gl/nr185/nr185_p12-24.pdf">"Greenland from Archaean to Quaternary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Greenland Survey Bulletin</i>. No. 185. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geus.dk/publications/bull-gl/nr185/nr185_p12-24.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2008-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Greenland+Survey+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Greenland+from+Archaean+to+Quaternary&rft.issue=185&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Niels+Henriksen&rft.au=A.K.+Higgins&rft.au=Feiko+Kalsbeek&rft.au=T.+Christopher+R.+Pulvertaft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geus.dk%2Fpublications%2Fbull-gl%2Fnr185%2Fnr185_p12-24.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+tectonic+plates" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>North Andes plate</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRestrepoOrdóñez_CarmonaMartensCorrea2009" class="citation journal cs1">Restrepo, Jorge Julián; Ordóñez Carmona, Oswaldo; Martens, Uwe; Correa, Ana María (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ingenieria_sogamoso/article/view/908">"Terrenos, complejos y provincias en la Cordillera Central de Colombia (Terrains, complexes and provinces in the central cordillera of Colombia)"</a>. <i>Ingeniería Investigación y Desarrollo</i>. <b>9</b>: 49–56<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ingenier%C3%ADa+Investigaci%C3%B3n+y+Desarrollo&rft.atitle=Terrenos%2C+complejos+y+provincias+en+la+Cordillera+Central+de+Colombia+%28Terrains%2C+complexes+and+provinces+in+the+central+cordillera+of+Colombia%29&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=49-56&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Restrepo&rft.aufirst=Jorge+Juli%C3%A1n&rft.au=Ord%C3%B3%C3%B1ez+Carmona%2C+Oswaldo&rft.au=Martens%2C+Uwe&rft.au=Correa%2C+Ana+Mar%C3%ADa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevistas.uptc.edu.co%2Findex.php%2Fingenieria_sogamoso%2Farticle%2Fview%2F908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+tectonic+plates" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuckBrito_NevesSchobbenhaus2008" class="citation journal cs1">Fuck, Reinhardt A.; Brito Neves, Benjamim Bley; Schobbenhaus, Carlos (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287701535_From_Rodinia_to_Western_Gondwana_An_approach_to_the_Brasiliano-Pan_African_Cycle_and_orogenic_collage">"Rodinia descendants in South America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Precambrian_Research" title="Precambrian Research">Precambrian Research</a></i>. <b>160</b>: 108–126<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Precambrian+Research&rft.atitle=Rodinia+descendants+in+South+America&rft.volume=160&rft.pages=108-126&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Fuck&rft.aufirst=Reinhardt+A.&rft.au=Brito+Neves%2C+Benjamim+Bley&rft.au=Schobbenhaus%2C+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F287701535_From_Rodinia_to_Western_Gondwana_An_approach_to_the_Brasiliano-Pan_African_Cycle_and_orogenic_collage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+tectonic+plates" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordaniCardonaJiménezDunyl2003" class="citation conference cs1">Cordani, U.G.; Cardona, A.; Jiménez, D.M.; Dunyl, L.; Nutman, A.P. (2003). <i>Geochronology of Proterozoic basement from the Colombian Andes: Tectonic history of remnants from a fragmented Grenville Belt</i>. 10<sup>o</sup> Congreso Geológico Chileno. pp. 1–10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Geochronology+of+Proterozoic+basement+from+the+Colombian+Andes%3A+Tectonic+history+of+remnants+from+a+fragmented+Grenville+Belt&rft.pages=1-10&rft.pub=10%3Csup%3Eo%3C%2Fsup%3E+Congreso+Geol%C3%B3gico+Chileno&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Cordani&rft.aufirst=U.G.&rft.au=Cardona%2C+A.&rft.au=Jim%C3%A9nez%2C+D.M.&rft.au=Dunyl%2C+L.&rft.au=Nutman%2C+A.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+tectonic+plates" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRestrepoToussaint1988" class="citation journal cs1">Restrepo, Jorge Julian; Toussaint, Jean F. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279701945_Terranes_and_Continental_Accretion_in_the_Colombian_Andes">"Terranes and continental accretion in the Colombian Andes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Episodes_(journal)" title="Episodes (journal)">Episodes</a></i>. <b>11</b>: 189–193<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Episodes&rft.atitle=Terranes+and+continental+accretion+in+the+Colombian+Andes&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=189-193&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Restrepo&rft.aufirst=Jorge+Julian&rft.au=Toussaint%2C+Jean+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F279701945_Terranes_and_Continental_Accretion_in_the_Colombian_Andes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+tectonic+plates" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tectonic_plates&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bird_(geologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Bird (geologist) (page does not exist)">Bird, Peter</a> (2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peterbird.name/publications/2003_PB2002/2003_PB2002.htm"><i>An updated digital model of plate boundaries</i></a> also available as a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peterbird.name/publications/2003_PB2002/2001GC000252.pdf">large (13 Mb) PDF file</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tectonic_plates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tectonic plates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tectonic_plates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">Tectonic plates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Major_plates">Major plates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_plate" title="African plate">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_plate" title="Antarctic plate">Antarctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_plate" title="Eurasian plate">Eurasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Australian_plate" title="Indo-Australian plate">Indo-Australian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_plate" title="Australian plate">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_plate" title="North American plate">North American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_plate" title="Pacific plate">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_plate" title="South American plate">South American</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:1.0em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="World map indicating tectonic plate boundaries"><img alt="World map indicating tectonic plate boundaries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg/120px-Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg/180px-Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg/240px-Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4903" data-file-height="2996" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Minor_plates">Minor plates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amurian_microplate" title="Amurian microplate">Amurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_plate" title="Arabian plate">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_plate" title="Burma plate">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_plate" title="Caribbean plate">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_plate" title="Caroline plate">Caroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_plate" title="Cocos plate">Cocos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazca_plate" title="Nazca plate">Nazca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides_plate" title="New Hebrides plate">New Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhotsk_microplate" title="Okhotsk microplate">Okhotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea_plate" title="Philippine Sea plate">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_plate" title="Scotia plate">Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_plate" title="Sunda plate">Sunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_plate" title="Yangtze plate">Yangtze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Microplates">Microplates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_plate" title="Adriatic plate">Adriatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_plate" title="Aegean Sea plate">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_sub-plate" title="Anatolian sub-plate">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Reef_plate" title="Balmoral Reef plate">Balmoral Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea_plate" title="Banda Sea plate">Banda Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Head_plate" title="Bird's Head plate">Bird's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_plate" title="Capricorn plate">Capricorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coiba_plate" title="Coiba plate">Coiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Reef_plate" title="Conway Reef plate">Conway Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_plate" title="Explorer plate">Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuna_plate" title="Futuna plate">Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_microplate" title="Galápagos microplate">Galápagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A2ve_microplate" title="Gonâve microplate">Gonâve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorda_plate" title="Gorda plate">Gorda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_plate" title="Greenland plate">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_plate" title="Halmahera plate">Halmahera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_plate" title="Iberian plate">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Fuca_plate" title="Juan de Fuca plate">Juan de Fuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_plate" title="Juan Fernández plate">Juan Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Plateau" title="Kerguelen Plateau">Kerguelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermadec_plate" title="Kermadec plate">Kermadec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lwandle_plate" title="Lwandle plate">Lwandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_plate" title="Madagascar plate">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpelo_plate" title="Malpelo plate">Malpelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manus_plate" title="Manus plate">Manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoke_plate" title="Maoke plate">Maoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_plate" title="Mariana plate">Mariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea_plate" title="Molucca Sea plate">Molucca Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuafo%27ou_plate" title="Niuafo'ou plate">Niuafo’ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Andes_plate" title="North Andes plate">North Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bismarck_plate" title="North Bismarck plate">North Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Galapagos_microplate" title="North Galapagos microplate">North Galápagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_plate" title="Okinawa plate">Okinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_plate" title="Panama plate">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelso_plate" title="Pelso plate">Pelso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Mobile_Belt" title="Philippine Mobile Belt">Philippine Mobile Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivera_plate" title="Rivera plate">Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovuma_plate" title="Rovuma plate">Rovuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangihe_plate" title="Sangihe plate">Sangihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles_microcontinent" title="Seychelles microcontinent">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_plate" title="Shetland plate">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sea_plate" title="Solomon Sea plate">Solomon Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bismarck_plate" title="South Bismarck plate">South Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sandwich_plate" title="South Sandwich plate">South Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_plate" title="Timor plate">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisza_plate" title="Tisza plate">Tisza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga_plate" title="Tonga plate">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trobriand_plate" title="Trobriand plate">Trobriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_microplate" title="Victoria microplate">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlark_plate" title="Woodlark plate">Woodlark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Ancient_tectonic_plates">Ancient plates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_plate" title="Baltic plate">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingshausen_plate" title="Bellingshausen plate">Bellingshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcot_plate" title="Charcot plate">Charcot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimmeria_(continent)" title="Cimmeria (continent)">Cimmeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farallon_plate" title="Farallon plate">Farallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_plate" title="Insular plate">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermontane_plate" title="Intermontane plate">Intermontane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izanagi_plate" title="Izanagi plate">Izanagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula_plate" title="Kula plate">Kula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_terrane" title="Lhasa terrane">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agulhas_Basin" title="Agulhas Basin">Malvinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moa_plate" title="Moa plate">Moa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_plate" title="Phoenix plate">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshiroda_plate" title="Kshiroda plate">Kshiroda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge#List_of_mid-ocean_ridges" title="Mid-ocean ridge">Oceanic ridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Ridge" title="Aden Ridge">Aden Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsberg_Ridge" title="Carlsberg Ridge">Carlsberg Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Indian_Ridge" title="Central Indian Ridge">Central Indian Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile_Ridge" title="Chile Ridge">Chile Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocos Ridge">Cocos Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pacific_Rise" title="East Pacific Rise">East Pacific Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_Ridge" title="Explorer Ridge">Explorer Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakkel_Ridge" title="Gakkel Ridge">Gakkel Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands#Geology" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Spreading Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorda_Ridge" title="Gorda Ridge">Gorda Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Fuca_Ridge" title="Juan de Fuca Ridge">Juan de Fuca Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge" title="Mid-Atlantic Ridge">Mid-Atlantic Ridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Knipovich" title="Nikolai Knipovich">Knipovich Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolbeinsey_Ridge" title="Kolbeinsey Ridge">Kolbeinsey Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Plain" title="Greenland Plain">Mohns Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge#Iceland" title="Mid-Atlantic Ridge">Reykjanes Ridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific%E2%80%93Antarctic_Ridge" title="Pacific–Antarctic Ridge">Pacific–Antarctic Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American%E2%80%93Antarctic_Ridge" title="South American–Antarctic Ridge">South American–Antarctic Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Indian_Ridge" title="Southeast Indian Ridge">Southeast Indian Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Indian_Ridge" title="Southwest Indian Ridge">Southwest Indian Ridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge#List_of_ancient_oceanic_ridges" title="Mid-ocean ridge">Ancient oceanic ridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegir_Ridge" title="Aegir Ridge">Aegir Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Ridge" title="Alpha Ridge">Alpha Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic%E2%80%93Phoenix_Ridge" title="Antarctic–Phoenix Ridge">Antarctic–Phoenix Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula%E2%80%93Farallon_Ridge" title="Kula–Farallon Ridge">Kula–Farallon Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Labrador_Ridge" title="Mid-Labrador Ridge">Mid-Labrador Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific%E2%80%93Farallon_Ridge" title="Pacific–Farallon Ridge">Pacific–Farallon Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific%E2%80%93Kula_Ridge" title="Pacific–Kula Ridge">Pacific–Kula Ridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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