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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boundaries_and_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boundaries_and_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Boundaries and divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boundaries_and_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_output" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_output"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Economic output</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_output-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Local</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>National</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Running" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Running"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Running</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Running-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Football_codes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football_codes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Football codes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football_codes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.1</span> <span>Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugby_codes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby_codes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.2</span> <span>Rugby codes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby_codes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bat-and-ball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bat-and-ball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Bat-and-ball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bat-and-ball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wrestling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wrestling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Wrestling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wrestling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialect_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialect_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Dialect influences</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dialect_influences-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dialect influences subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dialect_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Celtic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celtic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Celtic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celtic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglo-Saxon/Viking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglo-Saxon/Viking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Anglo-Saxon/Viking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglo-Saxon/Viking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scandinavian/Norse/Dane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandinavian/Norse/Dane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Scandinavian/Norse/Dane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandinavian/Norse/Dane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Normans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Normans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Normans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Normans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cumbric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cumbric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>Cumbric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cumbric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Places of interest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Places of interest subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cumbria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كمبريا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كمبريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Камбрыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камбрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Камбрыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Камбрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Къмбрия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Къмбрия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BAmbria" title="Cúmbria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cúmbria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Κάμπρια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάμπρια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbrio" title="Kumbrio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kumbrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کامبریا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کامبریا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbria" title="Kumbria – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kumbria" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%B4%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="컴브리아주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="컴브리아주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कम्ब्रिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कम्ब्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Камбри – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Камбри" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="קאמבריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאמבריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambrija" title="Kambrija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kambrija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambrija" title="Kambrija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kambrija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Камбрија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Камбрија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कंब्रिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कंब्रिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كمبريا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كمبريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BAmbria" title="Cúmbria – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cúmbria" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2_(%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89)" title="カンブリア (イングランド) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カンブリア (イングランド)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کمبریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کمبریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbria" title="Kumbria – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kumbria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BAmbria" title="Cúmbria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cúmbria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Камбрия (графство) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Камбрия (графство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Камбрија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Камбрија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="คัมเบรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คัมเบรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Камбрия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Камбрия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Камбрія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Камбрія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کامبریا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کامبریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Cumbria" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cumbria&params=54_30_N_3_15_W_type:adm2nd_region:GB-CMA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°15′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.500°N 3.250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.500; -3.250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ceremonial county of England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambria" title="Cambria">Cambria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ceremonial county in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Cumbria</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div style="height:130px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Derwent_Water,_Lake_District,_Cumbria_-_June_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Derwent_Water%2C_Lake_District%2C_Cumbria_-_June_2009.jpg/258px-Derwent_Water%2C_Lake_District%2C_Cumbria_-_June_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Derwent_Water%2C_Lake_District%2C_Cumbria_-_June_2009.jpg/387px-Derwent_Water%2C_Lake_District%2C_Cumbria_-_June_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Derwent_Water%2C_Lake_District%2C_Cumbria_-_June_2009.jpg/516px-Derwent_Water%2C_Lake_District%2C_Cumbria_-_June_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6121" data-file-height="3086" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:91px;max-width:91px"><div style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Citadel,_Court_Square,_Carlisle,_Cumbria_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Citadel%2C_Court_Square%2C_Carlisle%2C_Cumbria_02.jpg/89px-The_Citadel%2C_Court_Square%2C_Carlisle%2C_Cumbria_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Citadel%2C_Court_Square%2C_Carlisle%2C_Cumbria_02.jpg/134px-The_Citadel%2C_Court_Square%2C_Carlisle%2C_Cumbria_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Citadel%2C_Court_Square%2C_Carlisle%2C_Cumbria_02.jpg/178px-The_Citadel%2C_Court_Square%2C_Carlisle%2C_Cumbria_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1823" data-file-height="2431" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Bees_south_head_(Tomlin).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/St_Bees_south_head_%28Tomlin%29.JPG/165px-St_Bees_south_head_%28Tomlin%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="165" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/St_Bees_south_head_%28Tomlin%29.JPG/248px-St_Bees_south_head_%28Tomlin%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/St_Bees_south_head_%28Tomlin%29.JPG/330px-St_Bees_south_head_%28Tomlin%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="830" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Derwentwater" title="Derwentwater">Derwentwater</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a>, a tower of <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Citadel" title="Carlisle Citadel">Carlisle Citadel</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Bees_Head" title="St Bees Head">St Bees Head</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumbria_UK_locator_map_2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Cumbria within England"><img alt="Location of Cumbria within England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cumbria_UK_locator_map_2010.svg/250px-Cumbria_UK_locator_map_2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cumbria_UK_locator_map_2010.svg/375px-Cumbria_UK_locator_map_2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cumbria_UK_locator_map_2010.svg/500px-Cumbria_UK_locator_map_2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Cumbria within England</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cumbria&params=54_30_N_3_15_W_type:adm2nd_region:GB-CMA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°15′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.500°N 3.250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.500; -3.250</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent country</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1974</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Time in the United Kingdom">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">BST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">UK Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliamentary_constituencies_in_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of parliamentary constituencies in Cumbria">6 MPs</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Police</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cumbria_Constabulary" title="Cumbria Constabulary">Cumbria Constabulary</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: #cddeff; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Cumbria" title="Lord Lieutenant of Cumbria">Lord Lieutenant</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Alexander Scott<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Cumbria" title="High Sheriff of Cumbria">High Sheriff</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Samantha Scott<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">6,768 km<sup>2</sup> (2,613 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ceremonial counties of England">3rd of 48</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<span class="nowrap"> </span><div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">503,033</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ceremonial counties of England">42nd of 48</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Density</th><td class="infobox-data">74/km<sup>2</sup> (190/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnicity<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>97.6% <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a></li><li>1.0% <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a></li><li>0.8% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">mixed</a></li><li>0.2% <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a></li><li>0.3% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">other</a></li></ul></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: #cddeff; font-weight: bold;">Districts</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumbria_numbered_districts_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cumbria_numbered_districts_2023.svg/200px-Cumbria_numbered_districts_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cumbria_numbered_districts_2023.svg/300px-Cumbria_numbered_districts_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cumbria_numbered_districts_2023.svg/400px-Cumbria_numbered_districts_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><br />Districts of Cumbria<br /><span style="display:inline-block;border:1.62px solid black;vertical-align:text-top;" title="#fefe77"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="display:block;padding:0;width:1em;height:1em;background:#FEFE77;color:inherit;"> </span></span> Unitary </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(unitary_authority)" title="Cumberland (unitary authority)">Cumberland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a></li></ol></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cumbria</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KUM</span>-bree-ə</i></a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial county">ceremonial county</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a>. It borders the Scottish council areas of <a href="/wiki/Dumfries_and_Galloway" title="Dumfries and Galloway">Dumfries and Galloway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a> to the south-east, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> to the south, and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a> to the west. Its largest settlement is the city of <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a>. </p><p>Cumbria is predominantly rural, with an area of 6,769 km<sup>2</sup> (2,614 sq mi) and a population of 500,012; this makes it the third-largest ceremonial county in England by area but the eighth-smallest by population. Carlisle is located in the north; the towns of <a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Whitehaven</a> lie on the west coast, <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a> on the south coast, and <a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a> in the east of the county. For local government purposes the county comprises two <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority</a> areas, <a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(unitary_authority)" title="Cumberland (unitary authority)">Cumberland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cumbria was created in 1974 from the historic counties of <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Furness" title="Furness">Furness</a> area of Lancashire, and a small part of <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>. </p><p>The interior of Cumbria contains several upland areas. Together they fringe the <a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Eden" title="Vale of Eden">Vale of Eden</a>, the wide valley of the <a href="/wiki/River_Eden,_Cumbria" title="River Eden, Cumbria">River Eden</a>, which runs south-east to north-west across the county and broadens into the <a href="/wiki/Solway_Plain" title="Solway Plain">Solway Plain</a> near Carlisle.<sup id="cite_ref-Wastwater_and_the_Lake_District_West_Coast_-_explore_and_visit_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wastwater_and_the_Lake_District_West_Coast_-_explore_and_visit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lake_District_National_Park_-_Explore_Windermere_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lake_District_National_Park_-_Explore_Windermere-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the north-east are part of the <a href="/wiki/Border_Moors_and_Forests" title="Border Moors and Forests">Border Moors</a>, and to the east part of the <a href="/wiki/North_Pennines" title="North Pennines">North Pennines</a>; the latter have been designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Landscape" class="mw-redirect" title="National Landscape">national landscape</a>. South of the vale are the <a href="/wiki/Orton_Fells" title="Orton Fells">Orton Fells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howgill_Fells" title="Howgill Fells">Howgill Fells</a>, and part of the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales" title="Yorkshire Dales">Yorkshire Dales</a>, which are all within the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park" title="Yorkshire Dales National Park">Yorkshire Dales national park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-An_introduction_to_the_Yorkshire_Dales_in_the_County_of_Cumbria_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An_introduction_to_the_Yorkshire_Dales_in_the_County_of_Cumbria-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The south-west contains the <a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a>, a large upland area which has been designated a <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">national park</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. It includes <a href="/wiki/Scafell_Pike" title="Scafell Pike">Scafell Pike</a>, England's highest mountain,<sup id="cite_ref-Cumbrian_Mountains:_''Philips'_Elementary_Atlas_and_Geography''_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cumbrian_Mountains:_''Philips'_Elementary_Atlas_and_Geography''-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a>, its longest and largest lake. The county has long coast to the west which is bordered by a plain for most of its length. The north-west coast is part of the <a href="/wiki/Solway_Firth" title="Solway Firth">Solway Firth</a>, a national landscape, and the south coast includes the <a href="/wiki/Cartmel_Peninsula" title="Cartmel Peninsula">Cartmel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Furness" title="Furness">Furness</a> peninsulas. East of the peninsulas, the county contains part of <a href="/wiki/Arnside_and_Silverdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnside and Silverdale">Arnside and Silverdale</a>, another national landscape </p><p>The county contains several <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> monuments, such as <a href="/wiki/Mayburgh_Henge" title="Mayburgh Henge">Mayburgh Henge</a>. The region was on the border of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a> runs through the north of the county. In the Early Middle Ages parts of the region successively belonged to <a href="/wiki/Rheged" title="Rheged">Rheged</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Strathclyde" title="Kingdom of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a>, and there was also a <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> presence. It became the border between England and Scotland, and was unsettled until the Union of the Crowns in 1603. During the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> mining took place on the <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Coalfield" title="Cumberland Coalfield">Cumberland coalfield</a> and Barrow-in-Furness became a shipbuilding centre, but the county was not heavily industrialised and the Lake District became valued for its <a href="/wiki/Sublime_(philosophy)" title="Sublime (philosophy)">sublime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">picturesque</a> qualities, notably by the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The place names <i>Cumbria</i> and <i>Cumberland</i> both mean <i>"land of the Cumbrians"</i> and are names derived from the term that had been used by the inhabitants of the area to describe themselves. In the period <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 400</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100</span>, it is likely that any group of people living in Britain who identified as 'Britons' called themselves by a name similar to 'Cum-ri' which means "fellow countrymen" (and has also survived in the Welsh name for Wales which is <i>Cymru</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first datable record of the place name as <i>Cumberland</i> is from an entry in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo_Saxon_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo Saxon Chronicle">Anglo Saxon Chronicle</a> for the year AD 945.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This record refers to a kingdom known to the Anglo Saxons as <i>Cumberland</i> (often also known as Strathclyde) which in the 10th century may have stretched from Loch Lomond to Leeds.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first king to be unequivocally described as king of the Cumbrians is <a href="/wiki/Owain_ap_Dyfnwal_(fl._934)" title="Owain ap Dyfnwal (fl. 934)">Owain ap Dyfnwal</a>, who ruled from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 915</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 937</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cumbria" title="History of Cumbria">History of Cumbria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castlerigg2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Castlerigg2.JPG/220px-Castlerigg2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Castlerigg2.JPG/330px-Castlerigg2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Castlerigg2.JPG/440px-Castlerigg2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Castlerigg_stone_circle" title="Castlerigg stone circle">Castlerigg stone circle</a> dates from the late <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic age">Neolithic age</a> and was constructed by some of the earliest inhabitants of Cumbria</figcaption></figure> <p>Cumbria was created in April 1974 through an amalgamation of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_counties_of_England" title="Administrative counties of England">administrative counties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a>, to which parts of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> (the area known as <a href="/wiki/Furness" title="Furness">Lancashire North of the Sands</a>) and of the <a href="/wiki/West_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="West Riding of Yorkshire">West Riding of Yorkshire</a> were added.<sup id="cite_ref-lga1972_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lga1972-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period the area contained an important centre of stone axe production (the so-called <a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe factory</a>), products of which have been found across Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, <a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">stone circles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">henges</a> were built across the county, and today, Cumbria has one of the largest number of preserved field monuments in England'.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While not part of the region conquered in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain" title="Roman conquest of Britain">Romans' initial conquest of Britain</a> in AD 43, most of modern-day Cumbria was later conquered in response to a revolt deposing the Roman-aligned ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Brigantes" title="Brigantes">Brigantes</a> in AD 69.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romans built a number of fortifications in the area during their occupation, the most famous being <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a> which passes through northern Cumbria.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the period of British history known as <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 410</span>) the inhabitants of Cumbria were <a href="/wiki/Cumbric" title="Cumbric">Cumbric</a>-speaking native <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Celtic Britons</a> who were probably descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Brigantes" title="Brigantes">Brigantes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carvetii" title="Carvetii">Carvetii</a> (sometimes considered to be a sub-tribe of the Brigantes) that the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> had conquered in about AD 85.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Based on inscriptional evidence from the area, the Roman <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitas</a></i></span></i> of the Carvetii seems to have covered portions of Cumbria. The names <i>Cumbria</i>, <i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cymru</i></span></i> (the native <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> name for <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>), <i>Cambria</i>, and <i>Cumberland</i> are derived from the name these people gave themselves, *<i>kombroges</i> in <a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Common Brittonic</a>, which originally meant "compatriots".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Davies_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Cumbria was previously believed to have formed the core of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Brittonic</a> kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Rheged" title="Rheged">Rheged</a>, more recent discoveries near <a href="/wiki/Galloway" title="Galloway">Galloway</a> appear to contradict this.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the rest of the first millennium, Cumbria was contested by several entities who warred over the area, including the Brythonic Celtic <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Strathclyde" title="Kingdom of Strathclyde">Kingdom of Strathclyde</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Anglian</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Northumbria">kingdom of Northumbria</a>. Most of modern-day Cumbria was a principality in the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a> in 1066 and thus was excluded from the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> survey of 1086. In 1092 the region was invaded by <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_England" title="William II of England">William II</a> and incorporated into England.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1133 the diocese of Carlisle was founded, cementing Cumbria's position within the English church.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cumbria left Scottish hands for the last time in 1157. Nevertheless, the region was dominated by the many <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Scottish_Wars" title="Anglo-Scottish Wars">Anglo-Scottish Wars</a> of the latter <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a> and the associated <a href="/wiki/Border_Reivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Reivers">Border Reivers</a> who exploited the dynamic political situation of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were at least three <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carlisle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Siege of Carlisle (disambiguation)">sieges of Carlisle</a> fought between England and Scotland, and two further sieges during the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_risings" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobite risings">Jacobite risings</a>. </p><p>After the Jacobite Risings of the 18th century, Cumbria became a more stable place and, as in the rest of <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">Northern England</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> caused a large growth in urban populations. In particular, the west coast towns of <a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millom" title="Millom">Millom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a> saw large iron and <a href="/wiki/Steel_mill" title="Steel mill">steel mills</a> develop, with Barrow also developing a significant <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a> industry.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a> and Carlisle all became <a href="/wiki/Mill_town" title="Mill town">mill towns</a>, with textiles, pencils and biscuits among the products manufactured in the region. The early 19th century saw the county gain fame when the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a> and other artists of the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic movement">Romantic movement</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a>, lived among, and were inspired by, the lakes and mountains of the region. Later, the children's writer <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Potter" title="Beatrix Potter">Beatrix Potter</a> also wrote in the region and became a major landowner, granting much of her property to the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a> on her death.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In turn, the large amount of land owned by the National Trust assisted in the formation in 1951 of the <a href="/wiki/Lake_District_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake District National Park">Lake District National Park</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which remains the largest National Park in England and has come to dominate the identity and economy of the county. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_counties_within_Cumbria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historic_counties_within_Cumbria.svg/165px-Historic_counties_within_Cumbria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historic_counties_within_Cumbria.svg/248px-Historic_counties_within_Cumbria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historic_counties_within_Cumbria.svg/330px-Historic_counties_within_Cumbria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption>The historic counties shown within Cumbria <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:black solid 2px;"> </span> Boundary of Cumbria</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid silver;background-color:#ffddce; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Historic <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid silver;background-color:#e4c9f9; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Historic <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid silver;background-color:#fcff98; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Historic <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid silver;background-color:#dbfaee; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/West_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="West Riding of Yorkshire">West Riding of Yorkshire</a></div></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Windscale_fire" title="Windscale fire">Windscale fire</a> of 10 October 1957 was the worst <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_accident" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear accident">nuclear accident</a> in Great Britain's history.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cumbria was created in <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">1974</a> from the traditional counties of <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a>, the Cumberland <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_Carlisle" title="County Borough of Carlisle">County Borough of Carlisle</a>, along with the North Lonsdale or <a href="/wiki/Furness" title="Furness">Furness</a> part of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, usually referred to as "Lancashire North of the Sands", (including the <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a>) and, from the <a href="/wiki/West_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="West Riding of Yorkshire">West Riding of Yorkshire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sedbergh_Rural_District" title="Sedbergh Rural District">Sedbergh Rural District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lga1972_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lga1972-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1974 and 2023 it was governed by <a href="/wiki/Cumbria_County_Council" title="Cumbria County Council">Cumbria County Council</a> but in 2023 the county council was abolished and replaced by two new unitary authorities <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland (district)">Cumberland</a> Council and <a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a> Council, hence Cumbria only now exists as a ceremonial county. </p><p>On 2 June 2010, taxi driver Derrick Bird killed 12 people and injured 11 others in <a href="/wiki/Cumbria_shootings" title="Cumbria shootings">a shooting spree</a> that spanned over 24 kilometres (15 mi) along the Cumbrian coastline.<sup id="cite_ref-times_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local newspapers <i><a href="/wiki/The_Westmorland_Gazette" title="The Westmorland Gazette">The Westmorland Gazette</a></i> and <i>Cumberland and Westmorland Herald</i> continue to use the name of their historic counties. Other publications, such as local government promotional material, describe the area as "Cumbria", as does the Lake District National Park Authority. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumbria_SRTM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cumbria_SRTM.png/220px-Cumbria_SRTM.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cumbria_SRTM.png/330px-Cumbria_SRTM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cumbria_SRTM.png/440px-Cumbria_SRTM.png 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="1537" /></a><figcaption>Topographic map of Cumbria</figcaption></figure> <p>Cumbria is the most northwesterly ceremonial county of England and is mostly mountainous, with large upland areas to the south-west and east. The south-west contains the <a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">national park</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_world_heritage_site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO world heritage site">UNESCO world heritage site</a> which includes <a href="/wiki/Scafell_Pike" title="Scafell Pike">Scafell Pike</a>, England's highest mountain at 978 metres (3,209 ft),<sup id="cite_ref-Cumbrian_Mountains:_''Philips'_Elementary_Atlas_and_Geography''_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cumbrian_Mountains:_''Philips'_Elementary_Atlas_and_Geography''-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a>, its longest and largest lake. The <a href="/wiki/Border_Moors_and_Forests" title="Border Moors and Forests">Border Moors</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Pennines" title="North Pennines">North Pennines</a> lie along the county's eastern border. The south-east contains the <a href="/wiki/Orton_Fells" title="Orton Fells">Orton Fells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howgill_Fells" title="Howgill Fells">Howgill Fells</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales" title="Yorkshire Dales">Yorkshire Dales</a>, which are all within the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park" title="Yorkshire Dales National Park">Yorkshire Dales national park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-An_introduction_to_the_Yorkshire_Dales_in_the_County_of_Cumbria_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An_introduction_to_the_Yorkshire_Dales_in_the_County_of_Cumbria-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Eden" title="Vale of Eden">Vale of Eden</a>, the valley of the <a href="/wiki/River_Eden,_Cumbria" title="River Eden, Cumbria">River Eden</a>, runs south-east to north-west between these upland areas, and broadens into the <a href="/wiki/Solway_Plain" title="Solway Plain">Solway Plain</a> near Carlisle.<sup id="cite_ref-Wastwater_and_the_Lake_District_West_Coast_-_explore_and_visit_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wastwater_and_the_Lake_District_West_Coast_-_explore_and_visit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lake_District_National_Park_-_Explore_Windermere_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lake_District_National_Park_-_Explore_Windermere-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The county has long coast to the west, which is bordered by a plain for most of its length. In the north-west it borders the <a href="/wiki/Solway_Firth" title="Solway Firth">Solway Firth</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_Landscape" class="mw-redirect" title="National Landscape">national landscape</a>, and to the south are the <a href="/wiki/Cartmel_Peninsula" title="Cartmel Peninsula">Cartmel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Furness" title="Furness">Furness</a> peninsulas. East of the peninsulas, the county contains part of <a href="/wiki/Arnside_and_Silverdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnside and Silverdale">Arnside and Silverdale</a>, also a national landscape. The <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_Canal" title="Lancaster Canal">Lancaster Canal</a> runs from Preston into southern Cumbria and is partly in use. The <a href="/wiki/Ulverston_Canal" title="Ulverston Canal">Ulverston Canal</a> which once reached to <a href="/wiki/Morecambe_Bay" title="Morecambe Bay">Morecambe Bay</a> is maintained although it was closed in 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boundaries_and_divisions">Boundaries and divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Boundaries and divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The northernmost and southernmost points in Cumbria are just west of <a href="/wiki/Deadwater,_Northumberland" title="Deadwater, Northumberland">Deadwater, Northumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walney_Island" title="Walney Island">South Walney</a> respectively. <a href="/wiki/Kirkby_Stephen" title="Kirkby Stephen">Kirkby Stephen</a> (close to <a href="/wiki/Tan_Hill,_North_Yorkshire" title="Tan Hill, North Yorkshire">Tan Hill, North Yorkshire</a>) and <a href="/wiki/St_Bees_Head" title="St Bees Head">St Bees Head</a> are the most easterly and westerly points of the county. The boundaries are along the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a> to <a href="/wiki/Morecambe_Bay" title="Morecambe Bay">Morecambe Bay</a> in the west, and along the <a href="/wiki/Pennines" title="Pennines">Pennines</a> to the east. Cumbria's northern boundary stretches from the <a href="/wiki/Solway_Firth" title="Solway Firth">Solway Firth</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Solway_Plain" title="Solway Plain">Solway Plain</a> eastward along the border with <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. </p><p>Cumbria is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> in England, and <a href="/wiki/Dumfriesshire" title="Dumfriesshire">Dumfries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roxburgh,_Ettrick_and_Lauderdale" title="Roxburgh, Ettrick and Lauderdale">Roxburgh, Ettrick and Lauderdale</a> in Scotland. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High_Cup_Nick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/High_Cup_Nick.jpg/413px-High_Cup_Nick.jpg" decoding="async" width="413" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/High_Cup_Nick.jpg/620px-High_Cup_Nick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/High_Cup_Nick.jpg/826px-High_Cup_Nick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9293" data-file-height="3496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/High_Cup_Nick" class="mw-redirect" title="High Cup Nick">High Cup Nick</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/North_Pennines" title="North Pennines">North Pennines</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DDH,_Barrow-in-Furness.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/DDH%2C_Barrow-in-Furness.jpg/220px-DDH%2C_Barrow-in-Furness.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/DDH%2C_Barrow-in-Furness.jpg/330px-DDH%2C_Barrow-in-Furness.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/DDH%2C_Barrow-in-Furness.jpg/440px-DDH%2C_Barrow-in-Furness.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3270" data-file-height="1862" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Submarine_Solutions" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Systems Submarine Solutions">BAE Systems Submarine Solutions</a> in Barrow-in-Furness has a workforce of around 12,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Many large companies and organisations are based in Cumbria. The county council itself employs around 17,000 individuals, while the largest private employer in Cumbria, <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a> in Barrow employs around 12,000 with further job growth associated with new contracts expected, the <a href="/wiki/Sellafield" title="Sellafield">Sellafield</a> nuclear processing site, has a workforce of 10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Largestemployers1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Largestemployers1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whinlatter_Forest_Park_Sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Whinlatter_Forest_Park_Sign.jpg/220px-Whinlatter_Forest_Park_Sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Whinlatter_Forest_Park_Sign.jpg/330px-Whinlatter_Forest_Park_Sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Whinlatter_Forest_Park_Sign.jpg/440px-Whinlatter_Forest_Park_Sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The entrance to Whinlatter Forest Park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Way_in_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406894.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Way_in_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406894.jpg/220px-Way_in_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406894.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Way_in_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406894.jpg/330px-Way_in_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Way_in_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406894.jpg/440px-Way_in_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sizergh_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sizergh Castle">Sizergh Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muncaster_Castle_morris_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Muncaster_Castle_morris_edited.jpg/220px-Muncaster_Castle_morris_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Muncaster_Castle_morris_edited.jpg/330px-Muncaster_Castle_morris_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Muncaster_Castle_morris_edited.jpg/440px-Muncaster_Castle_morris_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2212" data-file-height="1562" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muncaster_Castle" title="Muncaster Castle">Muncaster Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The largest and most widespread industry is tourism, with the county attracting over 47 million visitors annually.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District National Park</a> alone receives some 15.8 million visitors every year.<sup id="cite_ref-LakeDistrictstats_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LakeDistrictstats-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, fewer than 50,000 people reside permanently within the Lake District: mostly in <a href="/wiki/Ambleside" title="Ambleside">Ambleside</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowness-on-Windermere" title="Bowness-on-Windermere">Bowness-on-Windermere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coniston,_Cumbria" title="Coniston, Cumbria">Coniston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gosforth,_Cumbria" title="Gosforth, Cumbria">Gosforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grasmere_(village)" title="Grasmere (village)">Grasmere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windermere,_Cumbria_(town)" title="Windermere, Cumbria (town)">Windermere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LakeDistrictstats_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LakeDistrictstats-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 36,000 Cumbrians are employed in the tourism industry which adds £1.1 billion a year to the county's economy. The Lake District and county as a whole attract visitors from across the UK,<sup id="cite_ref-LakeDistrictstats_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LakeDistrictstats-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Europe, North America and the Far East (particularly Japan).<sup id="cite_ref-LakeDistrictstats_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LakeDistrictstats-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tables below show the twenty most-visited attractions in Cumbria in 2009. (Not all visitor attractions provided data to Cumbria Tourism who collated the list. Notable examples are <a href="/wiki/Furness_Abbey" title="Furness Abbey">Furness Abbey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lakes_Aquarium" title="Lakes Aquarium">Lakes Aquarium</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Lakes_Safari_Zoo" title="South Lakes Safari Zoo">South Lakes Safari Zoo</a>, the last of which would almost certainly rank within the top five).<sup id="cite_ref-LakeDistrictstats2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LakeDistrictstats2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Attraction</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Visitors </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windermere#Steamers,_launches_and_ferries" title="Windermere">Windermere Lake Cruises</a></td> <td>Bowness-on-Windermere</td> <td>1,313,807 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Rheged</td> <td>Penrith</td> <td>439,568 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glenridding#Ullswater_Steamers" title="Glenridding">Ullswater Steamers</a></td> <td>Glenridding</td> <td>348,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Whinlatter_Pass" title="Whinlatter Pass">Whinlatter Forest Park and Visitor Centre</a></td> <td>Whinlatter</td> <td>252,762 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tullie_House_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery">Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery</a></td> <td>Carlisle</td> <td>251,808 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grizedale_Forest" title="Grizedale Forest">Grizedale Forest Park and Visitor Centre</a></td> <td>Grizedale</td> <td>175,033 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Cathedral" title="Carlisle Cathedral">Carlisle Cathedral</a></td> <td>Carlisle</td> <td>166,141 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brockhole_Lake_District_Visitor_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Brockhole Lake District Visitor Centre">Brockhole Lake District Visitor Centre</a></td> <td>Windermere</td> <td>135,539 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hill_Top,_Cumbria" title="Hill Top, Cumbria">Hill Top</a></td> <td>Hawkshead</td> <td>103,682 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sizergh_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sizergh Castle">Sizergh Castle</a></td> <td>Sizergh Castle</td> <td>90,063 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; border-left:1px #ddd;"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Attraction</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Visitors </th></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Pencil_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland Pencil Museum">Cumberland Pencil Museum</a></td> <td>Keswick</td> <td>80,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muncaster_Castle" title="Muncaster Castle">Muncaster Castle</a></td> <td>Ravenglass</td> <td>78,474 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dock_Museum" title="Dock Museum">Dock Museum</a></td> <td>Barrow-in-Furness</td> <td>73,239 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>The Beacon</td> <td>Whitehaven</td> <td>71,602 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holker_Hall" title="Holker Hall">Holker Hall</a></td> <td>Cartmel</td> <td>58,060 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Castle" title="Carlisle Castle">Carlisle Castle</a></td> <td>Carlisle</td> <td>56,957 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Potter_Gallery" title="Beatrix Potter Gallery">Beatrix Potter Gallery</a></td> <td>Hawkshead</td> <td>47,244 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>Lake District Wildlife Park<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Bassenthwaite</td> <td>45,559 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Homes_of_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="The Homes of Football">The Homes of Football</a></td> <td>Ambleside</td> <td>49,661 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cartmel_Priory" title="Cartmel Priory">Cartmel Priory</a></td> <td>Cartmel</td> <td>43,672 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_output">Economic output</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economic output"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>GVA and GDP by local authority district in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-ONS_GVA_and_GDP_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_GVA_and_GDP-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:left;"> <th>District </th> <th>GVA (£ billions) </th> <th>GVA per capita (£) </th> <th>GDP (£ billions) </th> <th>GDP per capita (£) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Cumberland </td> <td>£6.5 </td> <td>£23,737 </td> <td>£7.5 </td> <td>£27,305 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Westmorland and Furness </td> <td>£6.7 </td> <td>£29,546 </td> <td>£7.6 </td> <td>£33,242 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Cumbria </th> <th style="text-align:right;">£13.3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">£26,366 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">£15.1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">£29,992 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local">Local</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Local"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council" title="Cumberland Council">Cumberland Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness_Council" title="Westmorland and Furness Council">Westmorland and Furness Council</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <p>Cumbria is governed by two unitary authorities, Cumberland Council and Westmorland and Furness Council. The <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_unitary_authority_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland unitary authority area">Cumberland unitary authority area</a> covers the north and west of Cumbria, and <a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a> the south and east; they are named after the historic counties of <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a>, but have different boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cumberland has had a <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> majority administration since the <a href="/wiki/2022_Cumberland_Council_election" title="2022 Cumberland Council election">2022 Cumberland Council election</a>, and Westmorland and Furness has had a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrat</a> majority administration since the <a href="/wiki/2022_Westmorland_and_Furness_Council_election" title="2022 Westmorland and Furness Council election">2022 Westmorland and Furness Council election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cumberland Council and Westmorland and Furness Council collaborate through a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cumberland.moderngov.co.uk/mgCommitteeDetails.aspx?ID=435">Joint Executive Committee</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enterprisingcumbria.org.uk/enterprising-cumbria">Enterprising Cumbria</a> Economic Growth Body. In September 2024, the two councils submitted an expression of interest to form a <a href="/wiki/Combined_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authority">combined authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plans for a mayoral combined authority were agreed by the UK government in February 2025, with the first mayor expected to be elected in May 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1974 and 2023 Cumbria was administered by <a href="/wiki/Cumbria_County_Council" title="Cumbria County Council">Cumbria County Council</a> and six <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">district councils</a>: <a href="/wiki/Allerdale" title="Allerdale">Allerdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Barrow-in-Furness" title="Borough of Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Carlisle" title="City of Carlisle">Carlisle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Copeland" title="Borough of Copeland">Copeland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eden_District" title="Eden District">Eden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Lakeland" title="South Lakeland">South Lakeland</a>. These were abolished on 1 April 2023, when the two unitary authorities were established.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Duchy of Lancaster">Duchy of Lancaster</a>, the private estate of the sovereign, exercises some rights of <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a> in the County Palatine of Lancaster, which includes the Furness area of Cumbria.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National">National</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: National"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Cumbria">List of Parliamentary constituencies in Cumbria</a></div><p>Until the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a>, there were six parliamentary constituencies in Cumbria: <a href="/wiki/Barrow_and_Furness" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrow and Furness">Barrow and Furness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Carlisle (UK Parliament constituency)">Carlisle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copeland_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Copeland (UK Parliament constituency)">Copeland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penrith_and_the_Border" class="mw-redirect" title="Penrith and the Border">Penrith and the Border</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Lonsdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmorland and Lonsdale">Westmorland and Lonsdale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Workington_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Workington (UK Parliament constituency)">Workington</a>. Five were won by the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 United Kingdom general election</a>, with Westmorland and Lonsdale won by the Liberal Democrats. The <a href="/wiki/2023_Periodic_Review_of_Westminster_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies">2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies</a> abolished Copeland, Workington, and Penrith and the Border, replacing them with the new constituencies of <a href="/wiki/Penrith_and_Solway" class="mw-redirect" title="Penrith and Solway">Penrith and Solway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whitehaven_and_Workington" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehaven and Workington">Whitehaven and Workington</a>. The three remaining constituencies underwent significant boundary changes, including some electoral wards being transferred from Westmorland and Lonsdale to <a href="/wiki/Morecambe_and_Lunesdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Morecambe and Lunesdale">Morecambe and Lunesdale</a>, making the latter a cross-county constituency (it had previously been exclusively in <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>). </p><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Constituency </th> <th>1983 </th> <th>1987 </th> <th>1992 </th> <th>1997 </th> <th>2001 </th> <th>2005 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2017 </th> <th>2019 </th> <th>2024 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barrow_and_Furness" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrow and Furness">Barrow and Furness</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> CON </span> <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Franks" title="Cecil Franks">Cecil Franks</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Hutton,_Baron_Hutton_of_Furness" title="John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness">John Hutton</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Woodcock,_Baron_Walney" title="John Woodcock, Baron Walney">John Woodcock</a> </td> <td colspan="1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> CON </span> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Fell_(politician)" title="Simon Fell (politician)">Simon Fell</a> </td> <td colspan="1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Scrogham" title="Michelle Scrogham">Michelle Scrogham</a></b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Carlisle (UK Parliament constituency)">Carlisle</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Lewis_(British_politician)" title="Ronald Lewis (British politician)">Ronald Lewis</a> </td> <td colspan="5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Martlew" title="Eric Martlew">Eric Martlew</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> CON </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Stevenson_(British_politician)" title="John Stevenson (British politician)">John Stevenson</a> </td> <td colspan="1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Julie_Minns" title="Julie Minns">Julie Minns</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Copeland_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Copeland (UK Parliament constituency)">Copeland</a> </td> <td colspan="5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Cunningham" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Cunningham">Jack Cunningham</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Reed" title="Jamie Reed">Jamie Reed</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> CON </span> <a href="/wiki/Trudy_Harrison" title="Trudy Harrison">Trudy Harrison</a> </td> <td colspan="1">Constituency abolished. See: <i><a href="/wiki/Penrith_and_Solway" class="mw-redirect" title="Penrith and Solway">Penrith and Solway</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven_and_Workington" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehaven and Workington">Whitehaven and Workington</a></i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morecambe_and_Lunesdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Morecambe and Lunesdale">Morecambe and Lunesdale</a> </td> <td colspan="10"><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliamentary_constituencies_in_Lancashire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of parliamentary constituencies in Lancashire">Lancashire constituency</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Lizzi_Collinge" title="Lizzi Collinge">Lizzi Collinge</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Penrith_and_the_Border" class="mw-redirect" title="Penrith and the Border">Penrith and the Border</a> </td> <td colspan="6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> CON </span> <a href="/wiki/David_Maclean" class="mw-redirect" title="David Maclean">David Maclean</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> CON </span> <a href="/wiki/Rory_Stewart" title="Rory Stewart">Rory Stewart</a> </td> <td colspan="1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> CON </span> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Hudson_(politician)" title="Neil Hudson (politician)">Neil Hudson</a> </td> <td colspan="1">Constituency abolished. See: <i><a href="/wiki/Penrith_and_Solway" class="mw-redirect" title="Penrith and Solway">Penrith and Solway</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven_and_Workington" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehaven and Workington">Whitehaven and Workington</a></i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Penrith_and_Solway" class="mw-redirect" title="Penrith and Solway">Penrith and Solway</a> </td> <td colspan="10">– </td> <td colspan="1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Markus_Campbell-Savours" title="Markus Campbell-Savours">Markus Campbell-Savours</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Lonsdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmorland and Lonsdale">Westmorland and Lonsdale</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> CON </span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jopling" title="Michael Jopling">Michael Jopling</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> CON </span> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Collins_(politician)" title="Tim Collins (politician)">Tim Collins</a> </td> <td colspan="6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> LD </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Tim Farron</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven_and_Workington" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehaven and Workington">Whitehaven and Workington</a> </td> <td colspan="10">– </td> <td colspan="1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Josh_MacAlister" title="Josh MacAlister">Josh MacAlister</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Workington_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Workington (UK Parliament constituency)">Workington</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <a href="/wiki/Dale_Campbell-Savours" title="Dale Campbell-Savours">Dale Campbell-Savours</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Cunningham" title="Tony Cunningham">Tony Cunningham</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> LAB </span> <a href="/wiki/Sue_Hayman" title="Sue Hayman">Sue Hayman</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> CON </span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Jenkinson" title="Mark Jenkinson">Mark Jenkinson</a> </td> <td colspan="1">Constituency abolished. See: <i><a href="/wiki/Penrith_and_Solway" class="mw-redirect" title="Penrith and Solway">Penrith and Solway</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven_and_Workington" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehaven and Workington">Whitehaven and Workington</a></i>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10">2019 General Election Results in Cumbria </th></tr> <tr> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Change from 2017 </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Change from 2017 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td> <td>143,615 </td> <td>52.4% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>3.6% </td> <td>5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td> <td>79,402 </td> <td>28.9% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>7.3% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> </td> <td>39,426 </td> <td>14.4% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2.6% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Greens</a> </td> <td>4,223 </td> <td>1.5% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>0.8% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit</a> </td> <td>3,867 </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>new </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>3,044 </td> <td>1.1% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>0.7% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>274,313</b> </td> <td><b>100.0</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>6</b> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats are strongest in rural areas, and Labour is strongest in the industrial towns.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cumbria" title="Special:EditPage/Cumbria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skiddaw_Building,_University_of_Cumbria_-_geograph.org.uk_-_715574.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Skiddaw_Building%2C_University_of_Cumbria_-_geograph.org.uk_-_715574.jpg/220px-Skiddaw_Building%2C_University_of_Cumbria_-_geograph.org.uk_-_715574.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Skiddaw_Building%2C_University_of_Cumbria_-_geograph.org.uk_-_715574.jpg/330px-Skiddaw_Building%2C_University_of_Cumbria_-_geograph.org.uk_-_715574.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Skiddaw_Building%2C_University_of_Cumbria_-_geograph.org.uk_-_715574.jpg/440px-Skiddaw_Building%2C_University_of_Cumbria_-_geograph.org.uk_-_715574.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption>The University of Cumbria's Fusehill Campus in Carlisle</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Cumberland" title="List of schools in Cumberland">List of schools in Cumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Westmorland_and_Furness" title="List of schools in Westmorland and Furness">List of schools in Westmorland and Furness</a></div> <p>Although Cumbria has a comprehensive system almost fully, there is one state grammar school in Penrith. There are 42 state secondary schools and 10 independent schools. The more rural secondary schools tend to have <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form" title="Sixth form">sixth forms</a> (although in Barrow-in-Furness district, no schools have sixth forms due to the only sixth form college in Cumbria being located in the town) and this is the same for three schools in Allerdale and South Lakeland, and one in the other districts. Chetwynde is also the only school in Barrow to educate children from nursery all the way to year 11. </p><p>Colleges of further education in Cumbria include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_College" title="Carlisle College">Carlisle College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furness_College,_Barrow-in-Furness" title="Furness College, Barrow-in-Furness">Furness College</a> which includes <a href="/wiki/Barrow_Sixth_Form_College" title="Barrow Sixth Form College">Barrow Sixth Form College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendal_College" title="Kendal College">Kendal College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_College" title="Lakes College">Lakes College</a></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cumbria" title="University of Cumbria">University of Cumbria</a> is one of the UK's newest universities, having been established in 2007. It is at present the only university in Cumbria and has campuses across the county, together with <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_College" title="St Martin's College">Lancaster</a> and London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cumbria" title="Special:EditPage/Cumbria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lune_Valley_from_Grayrigg_Forest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lune_Valley_from_Grayrigg_Forest.jpg/220px-Lune_Valley_from_Grayrigg_Forest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lune_Valley_from_Grayrigg_Forest.jpg/330px-Lune_Valley_from_Grayrigg_Forest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lune_Valley_from_Grayrigg_Forest.jpg/440px-Lune_Valley_from_Grayrigg_Forest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/M6_motorway" title="M6 motorway">M6 motorway</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a> near <a href="/wiki/Grayrigg_Forest" title="Grayrigg Forest">Grayrigg Forest</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/M6_motorway" title="M6 motorway">M6</a> is the only motorway that runs through Cumbria. <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a> are amongst its primary destinations. Further north it becomes the <a href="/wiki/A74(M)" class="mw-redirect" title="A74(M)">A74(M)</a> at the border with Scotland north of <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a>. Major <a href="/wiki/A_roads_in_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="A roads in Great Britain">A roads</a> within Cumbria include: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/UK_road_A6.svg/36px-UK_road_A6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/UK_road_A6.svg/54px-UK_road_A6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/UK_road_A6.svg/72px-UK_road_A6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="191" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/A6_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A6 road (Great Britain)">A6</a> (Luton, Bedfordshire to Carlisle via Kendal and Penrith)</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/UK_road_A66.svg/49px-UK_road_A66.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/UK_road_A66.svg/73px-UK_road_A66.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/UK_road_A66.svg/98px-UK_road_A66.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="191" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/A66_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A66 road (Great Britain)">A66</a> (Workington to Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire via Keswick and M6 Junction 40)</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/UK_road_A69.svg/49px-UK_road_A69.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/UK_road_A69.svg/73px-UK_road_A69.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/UK_road_A69.svg/98px-UK_road_A69.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="191" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/A69_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A69 road (Great Britain)">A69</a> (Carlisle to Newcastle upon Tyne via Brampton and Hexham)</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/UK_road_A590.svg/62px-UK_road_A590.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/UK_road_A590.svg/92px-UK_road_A590.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/UK_road_A590.svg/123px-UK_road_A590.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="191" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/A590_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A590 road (Great Britain)">A590</a> (M6 Junction 36 to Barrow-in-Furness via Ulverston)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/UK_road_A591.svg/57px-UK_road_A591.svg.png" decoding="async" width="57" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/UK_road_A591.svg/85px-UK_road_A591.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/UK_road_A591.svg/113px-UK_road_A591.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="191" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/A591_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A591 road (Great Britain)">A591</a> (Sizergh to Bothel via Kendal, Windermere, Ambleside, Grasmere and Keswick)</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UK_road_A592.svg/62px-UK_road_A592.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UK_road_A592.svg/93px-UK_road_A592.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UK_road_A592.svg/124px-UK_road_A592.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="190" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/A592_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A592 road (Great Britain)">A592</a> (Penrith to Newby Bridge via M6 Junction 40, Windermere and Bowness)</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/UK_road_A595.svg/62px-UK_road_A595.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/UK_road_A595.svg/92px-UK_road_A595.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/UK_road_A595.svg/123px-UK_road_A595.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="191" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/A595_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A595 road (Great Britain)">A595</a> (Carlisle to Dalton-in-Furness via Whitehaven and Workington)</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/UK_road_A596.svg/62px-UK_road_A596.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/UK_road_A596.svg/92px-UK_road_A596.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/UK_road_A596.svg/123px-UK_road_A596.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="191" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/A596_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A596 road (Great Britain)">A596</a> (Carlisle to Workington)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Several bus companies run services in Cumbria serving the main towns and villages in the county, with some services running to neighbouring areas such as <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Lancashire" title="Lancaster, Lancashire">Lancaster</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Cumbria_%26_North_Lancashire" title="Stagecoach Cumbria & North Lancashire">Stagecoach Cumbria & North Lancashire</a> is the largest; it has depots in Barrow-in-Furness, Carlisle, Kendal and Workington. Stagecoach's flagship X6 route connects Barrow-in-Furness and Kendal in south Cumbria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are only two airports in the county: <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Lake_District_Airport" title="Carlisle Lake District Airport">Carlisle Lake District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barrow/Walney_Island_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrow/Walney Island Airport">Barrow/Walney Island</a>. Both airports formerly served scheduled passenger flights and both are proposing expansions and renovations to handle domestic and European flights in the near future. The nearest international airports to south Cumbria are <a href="/wiki/Blackpool_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackpool International Airport">Blackpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool John Lennon">Liverpool John Lennon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teesside_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Teesside Airport">Teesside</a>. North Cumbria is closer to <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_International_Airport" title="Newcastle International Airport">Newcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Prestwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow Prestwick">Glasgow Prestwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow International Airport">Glasgow International</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports">Ports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Barrow-in-Furness is one of the country's largest shipbuilding centres, but the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Barrow" title="Port of Barrow">Port of Barrow</a> is only minor, operated by <a href="/wiki/Associated_British_Ports" title="Associated British Ports">Associated British Ports</a> alongside the Port of <a href="/wiki/Silloth" title="Silloth">Silloth</a> in Allerdale. There are no ferry links from any port or harbour along the Cumbria coast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The busiest railway stations in Cumbria are <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_railway_station" title="Carlisle railway station">Carlisle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness_railway_station" title="Barrow-in-Furness railway station">Barrow-in-Furness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penrith_railway_station" title="Penrith railway station">Penrith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxenholme_Lake_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxenholme Lake District">Oxenholme Lake District</a>. The 399 miles (642 km) <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a> runs through the Cumbria countryside, adjacent to the M6 motorway. The <a href="/wiki/Cumbrian_Coast_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumbrian Coast Line">Cumbrian Coast Line</a> connects Barrow-in-Furness to Carlisle and is a vital link in the west of the county. Other railways in Cumbria are the <a href="/wiki/Windermere_Branch_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Windermere Branch Line">Windermere Branch Line</a>, most of the <a href="/wiki/Furness_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Furness Line">Furness Line</a> and much of the <a href="/wiki/Settle-Carlisle_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Settle-Carlisle Railway">Settle-Carlisle Railway</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px"><div style="position:relative;width:350px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumbria_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cumbria is located in Cumbria"><img alt="Cumbria is located in Cumbria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cumbria_UK_location_map.svg/350px-Cumbria_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="413" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cumbria_UK_location_map.svg/525px-Cumbria_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cumbria_UK_location_map.svg/700px-Cumbria_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.186%;left:50.359%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Carlisle"><img alt="Carlisle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:92.305%;left:33.759%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Barrow-in-Furness"><img alt="Barrow-in-Furness" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:74.068%;left:62.059%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kendal"><img alt="Kendal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.254%;left:12.618%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Whitehaven"><img alt="Whitehaven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Whitehaven</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.754%;left:14.418%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Workington"><img alt="Workington" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.356%;left:61.482%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Penrith"><img alt="Penrith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.288%;left:18.082%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Maryport"><img alt="Maryport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Maryport" title="Maryport">Maryport</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.331%;left:41.729%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ulverston"><img alt="Ulverston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Ulverston" title="Ulverston">Ulverston</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumbria_UK_location_map.svg" title="File:Cumbria UK location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">The largest settlements in Cumbria</div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cumbria" title="Demographics of Cumbria">Demographics of Cumbria</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cumbria's largest settlement and only city is <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a>, in the north of the county. The largest town, <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a>, in the south, is slightly smaller. The county's population is largely rural: it has the second-lowest population density among English counties, and only five towns with over 20,000 people. Cumbria is one of the country's most ethnically homogeneous counties, with 95% categorised as <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">White British</a> (around 471,000 of the 500,000).<sup id="cite_ref-2009ethnicity_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009ethnicity-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The larger towns have ethnic makeups closer to the national average. The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_2001_census" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom 2001 census">2001 census</a> indicated Christianity was the religion with the most adherents in the county. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Northern_England_with_settlements_and_traditional_counties.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Map_of_Northern_England_with_settlements_and_traditional_counties.png/220px-Map_of_Northern_England_with_settlements_and_traditional_counties.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Map_of_Northern_England_with_settlements_and_traditional_counties.png/330px-Map_of_Northern_England_with_settlements_and_traditional_counties.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Map_of_Northern_England_with_settlements_and_traditional_counties.png/440px-Map_of_Northern_England_with_settlements_and_traditional_counties.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption>This map of cities and towns of Northern England shows the relative lack of urbanisation in Cumbria (shown here as the historic counties of Cumberland and Westmorland) compared to the rest of the region</figcaption></figure> <p>2010 <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">ONS</a> estimates placed the number of foreign-born (non-United Kingdom) people living in Cumbria at around 14,000 and foreign nationals at 6,000.<sup id="cite_ref-2010_estimates_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010_estimates-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Population trends indicate a gradual decline in younger demographics, with an increasing proportion of elderly residents.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2001_UK_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 UK Census">2001 UK Census</a> showed the following most common countries of birth for residents of Cumbria that year: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span>England, 454,137</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Scotland, 16,628</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span>Wales, 3,471</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/25px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/38px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/50px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> Northern Ireland, 2,289</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Germany, 1,438</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Republic of Ireland, 1,359</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>South Africa, 603</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada, 581</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> </span>Australia, 531</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States, 493</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>India, 476</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Hong Kong, 417</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy, 249</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>New Zealand, 241</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France, 197</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Poland, 193</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Cyprus, 174</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Netherlands, 167</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Spain, 166</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Singapore, 160</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:60em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population totals for Cumbria</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1801 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">173,017</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1811 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">193,139</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">225,555</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">242,320</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.72%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">255,603</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">274,957</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.73%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">320,257</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1871 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">365,556</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.33%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">410,856</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.18%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">434,867</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.57%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">437,364</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">440,485</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.07%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">441,483</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">442,693</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.03%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1941 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">456,833</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.31%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">471,897</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.32%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">473,706</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.04%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">475,669</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.04%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">471,693</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">489,191</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">487,607</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.03%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">499,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2014 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">499,800</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.01%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Pre-1974 statistics were gathered from local government areas that are now comprised by Cumbria<br /><i>Source: <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_Historical_GIS" title="Great Britain Historical GIS">Great Britain Historical GIS</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Population of Cumbria by district (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">District </th> <th colspan="2">Land area </th> <th colspan="2">Population </th> <th rowspan="2">Density<br />(/km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <th>(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>(%) </th> <th>People </th> <th>(%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Cumberland </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,012 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7001445069777406748♠" style="display:none"></span>45% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">275,390 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7001547459113020418♠" style="display:none"></span>55% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">91 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Westmorland and Furness </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,756 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7001554930222593252♠" style="display:none"></span>55% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">227,643 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7001452540886979581♠" style="display:none"></span>45% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">61 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Cumbria </th> <th style="text-align:right;">6,768 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">100% </th> <th style="text-align:right;">503,033 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">100% </th> <th style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001743257559526887♠"></span>74 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Settlements">Settlements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Cumbria" title="List of places in Cumbria">List of places in Cumbria</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alston,_Cumbria" title="Alston, Cumbria">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambleside" title="Ambleside">Ambleside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appleby-in-Westmorland" title="Appleby-in-Westmorland">Appleby-in-Westmorland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlecdon_and_Frizington" title="Arlecdon and Frizington">Arlecdon and Frizington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askam_and_Ireleth" title="Askam and Ireleth">Askam and Ireleth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspatria" title="Aspatria">Aspatria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowness-on-Windermere" title="Bowness-on-Windermere">Bowness-on-Windermere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brampton,_Carlisle,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Brampton, Carlisle, Cumbria">Brampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleator_Moor" title="Cleator Moor">Cleator Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockermouth" title="Cockermouth">Cockermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coniston,_Cumbria" title="Coniston, Cumbria">Coniston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalston,_Cumbria" title="Dalston, Cumbria">Dalston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton-in-Furness" title="Dalton-in-Furness">Dalton-in-Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egremont,_Cumbria" title="Egremont, Cumbria">Egremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasmere_(village)" title="Grasmere (village)">Grasmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington,_Cumbria" title="Harrington, Cumbria">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkshead" title="Hawkshead">Hawkshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkby_Lonsdale" title="Kirkby Lonsdale">Kirkby Lonsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkby_Stephen" title="Kirkby Stephen">Kirkby Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkoswald,_Cumbria" title="Kirkoswald, Cumbria">Kirkoswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longtown,_Cumbria" title="Longtown, Cumbria">Longtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryport" title="Maryport">Maryport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millom" title="Millom">Millom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milnthorpe" title="Milnthorpe">Milnthorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedbergh" title="Sedbergh">Sedbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shap" title="Shap">Shap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silloth" title="Silloth">Silloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bees" title="St Bees">St Bees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulverston" title="Ulverston">Ulverston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walney_Island" title="Walney Island">Walney Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Whitehaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigton" title="Wigton">Wigton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windermere,_Cumbria_(town)" title="Windermere, Cumbria (town)">Windermere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Running">Running</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Running"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fell_running" title="Fell running">Fell running</a> is a popular sport in Cumbria, with an active calendar of competitions taking place throughout the year. Cumbria is also home to several of the most active <a href="/wiki/Orienteering" title="Orienteering">orienteering</a> clubs in the UK as well as the Lakes 5 Days competition that takes place every four years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football_codes">Football codes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Football codes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies" title="Uppies and Downies">Uppies and Downies</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/Ball_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball game">ball game</a> known as Uppies and Downies,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a traditional version of football, with its origins in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">medieval football</a> or an even earlier form.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Players from outside Workington also take part, especially fellow West Cumbrians from <a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Whitehaven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maryport" title="Maryport">Maryport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cumbria formerly had minor American football clubs, the Furness Phantoms (the club is now defunct, its last name was <a href="/wiki/Morecambe_Bay_Storm" title="Morecambe Bay Storm">Morecambe Bay Storm</a>) and the Carlisle Kestrels.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Association">Association</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brunton_Park_Welcome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Brunton_Park_Welcome.jpg/220px-Brunton_Park_Welcome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Brunton_Park_Welcome.jpg/330px-Brunton_Park_Welcome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Brunton_Park_Welcome.jpg/440px-Brunton_Park_Welcome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="1603" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brunton_Park" title="Brunton Park">Brunton Park</a>, the home of Carlisle United</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Barrow_A.F.C." title="Barrow A.F.C.">Barrow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle United">Carlisle United</a> are the only professional football teams in Cumbria. Carlisle United attract support from across Cumbria and beyond, with many Cumbrian "ex-pats" travelling to see their games, both home and away.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Workington_A.F.C." title="Workington A.F.C.">Workington</a>—who are always known locally as "the reds"—are a well-supported non-league team,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> having been relegated from the Football League in the 1970s. Workington made a rapid rise up the non league ladder and in 2007/08 competed with Barrow in the <a href="/wiki/Conference_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Conference North">Conference North</a>. Barrow were then promoted to the <a href="/wiki/Conference_Premier" class="mw-redirect" title="Conference Premier">Conference Premier</a> in 2007/08. In 2020, Barrow were promoted to the <a href="/wiki/Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Football League">Football League</a> as a result of winning the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_National_League" title="2019–20 National League">National League</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rugby_codes">Rugby codes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Rugby codes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> is popular in the county's north and east with teams such as Furness RUFC & Hawcoat Park RUFC (South Cumbria), Workington RUFC (Workington Zebras), Whitehaven RUFC, Carlisle RUFC, Creighton RUFC, <a href="/wiki/Aspatria_RUFC" title="Aspatria RUFC">Aspatria RUFC</a>, Wigton RUFC, <a href="/wiki/Kendal_RUFC" title="Kendal RUFC">Kendal RUFC</a>, Kirkby Lonsdale RUFC, Keswick RUFC, Cockermouth RUFC, Upper Eden RUFC and <a href="/wiki/Penrith_RUFC" title="Penrith RUFC">Penrith RUFC</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Craven_Park,_Barrow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Craven_Park%2C_Barrow.jpg/220px-Craven_Park%2C_Barrow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Craven_Park%2C_Barrow.jpg/330px-Craven_Park%2C_Barrow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Craven_Park%2C_Barrow.jpg/440px-Craven_Park%2C_Barrow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Craven_Park_(Barrow)" class="mw-redirect" title="Craven Park (Barrow)">Craven Park</a>, home of Barrow Raiders</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> is a very popular sport in south and West Cumbria. <a href="/wiki/Barrow_Raiders" title="Barrow Raiders">Barrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitehaven_R.L.F.C." title="Whitehaven R.L.F.C.">Whitehaven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Workington_Town" title="Workington Town">Workington</a> play in the <a href="/wiki/RFL_League_1" class="mw-redirect" title="RFL League 1">Rugby League Championships</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Amateur_Rugby_League_Association" title="British Amateur Rugby League Association">Amateur</a> teams; Wath Brow Hornets, <a href="/wiki/Askam_and_Ireleth#Sport" title="Askam and Ireleth">Askam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egremont_Rangers" title="Egremont Rangers">Egremont Rangers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kells_A.R.L.F.C." title="Kells A.R.L.F.C.">Kells</a>, Barrow Island, Hensingham and <a href="/wiki/Millom_RLFC" class="mw-redirect" title="Millom RLFC">Millom</a> play in the <a href="/wiki/National_Conference_League" title="National Conference League">National Conference</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bat-and-ball">Bat-and-ball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bat-and-ball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cumbria_County_Cricket_Club" title="Cumbria County Cricket Club">Cumbria County Cricket Club</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> clubs that constitute the <a href="/wiki/National_Counties_of_English_and_Welsh_cricket" title="National Counties of English and Welsh cricket">National Counties</a> in the English domestic cricket structure. The club, based in <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a>, competes in the <a href="/wiki/National_Counties_Cricket_Championship" title="National Counties Cricket Championship">National Counties Cricket Championship</a> and the <a href="/wiki/NCCA_Knockout_Trophy" title="NCCA Knockout Trophy">NCCA Knockout Trophy</a>. The club also play some home matches in <a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a>, as well as other locations. Cumbrian <a href="/wiki/Club_cricket" title="Club cricket">club cricket</a> teams play in the <a href="/wiki/North_Lancashire_and_Cumbria_League" title="North Lancashire and Cumbria League">North Lancashire and Cumbria League</a>. </p><p>Cumbria is home to the <a href="/wiki/Cartmel" title="Cartmel">Cartmel Valley Lions</a>, an amateur baseball team based in Cartmel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wrestling">Wrestling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Wrestling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_and_Westmorland_wrestling" title="Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling">Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling</a></div> <p>Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling is an ancient and well-practised tradition in the county with a strong resemblance to <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Backhold" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Backhold">Scottish Backhold</a>. </p><p>In the 21st century Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling along with other aspects of Lakeland culture are practised at the Grasmere Sports and Show, an annual meeting held every year since 1852 on the August <a href="/wiki/Bank_Holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank Holiday">Bank Holiday</a>. </p><p>The origin of this form of wrestling is a matter of debate, with some describing it as having evolved from Norse wrestling brought over by Viking invaders,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while other historians associate it with the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_Wrestling" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish Wrestling">Cornish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Gouren</a> styles<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicating that it may have developed out of a longer-standing Celtic tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racing">Racing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cumbria Kart Racing Club is based at the Lakeland Circuit, <a href="/wiki/Rowrah" title="Rowrah">Rowrah</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Cockermouth" title="Cockermouth">Cockermouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egremont,_Cumbria" title="Egremont, Cumbria">Egremont</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120421201446/http://www.cumbriakrc.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=43&Itemid=48">Lakeland Circuit</a>. The track is currently a venue for rounds of both major UK national karting championships <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120421212608/http://www.cumbriakrc.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=19">About Cumbria Kart Racing Club</a>. <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> world champions <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hamilton" title="Lewis Hamilton">Lewis Hamilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jenson_Button" title="Jenson Button">Jenson Button</a> both raced karts at Rowrah many times in the formative stages of their motor sport careers,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while other F1 drivers, past and present, to have competed there include <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Herbert" title="Johnny Herbert">Johnny Herbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Davidson" title="Anthony Davidson">Anthony Davidson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allan_McNish" title="Allan McNish">Allan McNish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Firman" title="Ralph Firman">Ralph Firman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_di_Resta" title="Paul di Resta">Paul di Resta</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Coulthard" title="David Coulthard">David Coulthard</a>, who hailed from just over the nearby Anglo-Scottish border and regarded Rowrah as his home circuit, becoming Cumbria Kart Racing Club Champion in 1985 in succession to McNish (di Resta also taking the CKRC title subsequently).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Workington_Comets" title="Workington Comets">Workington Comets</a> were a Workington-based professional <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">speedway</a> team,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which competed in the British Speedway Championship.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food">Food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cumbria is the UK county with the highest number of <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin-starred</a> restaurants, with seven in this classification in the Great Britain and Ireland Michelin Guide of 2021. Traditional Cumbrian cuisine has been influenced by the spices and molasses that were imported into <a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Whitehaven</a> in the 18th century. The <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_sausage" title="Cumberland sausage">Cumberland sausage</a> (which has a <a href="/wiki/Protected_geographical_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected geographical status">protected geographical status</a>) is a well-recognised result of this. Other regional specialities include Herdwick mutton and the salt-marsh raised lamb of the <a href="/wiki/Cartmel_Peninsula" title="Cartmel Peninsula">Cartmel Peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialect_influences">Dialect influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Dialect influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Celtic">Celtic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Celtic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cumbria was mostly Celtic speaking until the Viking invasion, if not later (Cymry)<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>English spoken in parts of Cumbria; relatively sparsely populated until 12th/13th centuries<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The invading Angles and Saxons forced the indigenous Celtic peoples back to the western highlands of Cumbria, Wales and Cornwall, with little linguistic consequence, apart from a residual scattering of place-names.</li> <li>Northwest – possibility of direct influence from Irish Gaelic across Irish Sea via Whitehaven until 10th century<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Celtic influence/kingdoms may have confirmed perception of difference between the north–south<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Linguistic interaction between Celts and English underrated: effectively Celtic influence marked the beginnings of a linguistic divide between English and other West Germanic dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexis_(linguistics)" title="Lexis (linguistics)">Lexis</a> – Celtic influence left specifically on the sound pattern of sheep-scoring numerals of Cumbrian and West Yorkshire<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Loss of inflections may be explained by contact with Celtic tribes and inter-marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglo-Saxon/Viking"><span id="Anglo-Saxon.2FViking"></span>Anglo-Saxon/Viking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Anglo-Saxon/Viking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Earliest Anglo-Saxon settlements in the east of England. Took over 200 years to establish a frontier in the west where the displaced British had settled<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Morphology – Old Northumbrian (little evidence) signs of loss of inflexions long before southern dialects below the Humber, precede Viking settlements and dialect contact situation<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scandinavian/Norse/Dane"><span id="Scandinavian.2FNorse.2FDane"></span>Scandinavian/Norse/Dane</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Scandinavian/Norse/Dane"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lack of extent of Old English written evidence<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Main attacks/raids on the North-East coast at Lindisfarne and Jarrow in 793/ 794<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Settlement patterns (Danes) contributed to emerging differences over time between Northumberland. Durham and Yorkshire dialects<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Norwegian settlers via Ireland to Isle of Man, Mersey estuary (901) and the Cumbrian/ Lancashire coasts (900–50) – dialectal differences (Danes/ Norwegians) often lumped together in standard histories – MUST have confirmed emerging dialectal differences east and west of the Pennines<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Danelaw – land of north and east of land ruled under Danish law and Danish customs (978–1016)<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Scandinavian influences vocabulary – common words gradually diffused/ entered word stock (borrowings) which survive in regional use – <i>fell</i> ('hillside'), <i>lug</i> ('ear'), <i>loup</i> ('jump'), <i>aye</i> ('yes')</li> <li>Influence on grammatical structure – Middle English texts reveal that present participle form <i>-and</i>, and possible that use of <i>at</i> and <i>as</i> as relative pronouns from Cumbria to East Yorkshire<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Phonetically /g/, /k/ and cluster /sk/ have a northern/ Norse pronunciation /j/, /ʧ/ and /ʃ/ which are West Saxon – hard vs. soft consonants of north–south dialects – e.g. <i>give/ rigg</i> ('ridge'), <i>skrike</i> ('shriek'), <i>kist</i> ('chest') and <i>ik</i> ('I')<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>'Interdialect forms' in Danelaw area (diffuse > focussed situation) – no clear idea about what language they were speaking – mixture of Old English and Norse e.g. <i>she</i> (3rd person pronoun) is claimed by both languages<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bilingualism was norm in areas under Danelaw (plausible)<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Norse runic inscriptions survive from 11th century in Cumbria – therefore may only been after Norman Conquest that 'Norse as a living language died out'<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Norse surviving longest in closed communities<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Normans">Normans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Normans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jewell (1994: 20) – Northumbria retained relative independence until 13th century – effective government of North by Normans 'petered-out' at Lake District and North of Tees (not recorded in Domesday Book)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Carlisle retaken by Scots in 1136<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cumbric">Cumbric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Cumbric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cumbric" title="Cumbric">Cumbric</a></div> <ul><li>Early 10th century – The grip from Northumbrian<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> on the former territory of <a href="/wiki/Rheged" title="Rheged">Rheged</a> was that of Britons of Strathcylde reoccupied southwest Scotland and northwest England as far south as Derwent and Penrith.<sup id="cite_ref-price_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-price-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was held until Carlisle retaken by Scots in 1136<sup id="cite_ref-wales_62-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cumbric perhaps survived until it faded in the early 12th century throughout Cumbria.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cumbric score – counting sheep – Welsh correspondence Welsh ("un, dau, tri") – Cumberland ("yan, tyan, tethera") – Westmorland ("yan, than, teddera") – Lancashire ("yan, taen, tedderte") – West Yorkshire ("yain, tain, eddero")<sup id="cite_ref-price_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-price-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – survived 7–8 centuries after the language itself had died – Brittonic origin</li> <li>Not one single complete phrase in Cumbric survives, evidence to suggest strong literary tradition, probably oral, some of this early material is known in a Welsh version<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-price_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-price-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two evening newspapers are published daily in Cumbria. The <i><a href="/wiki/News_and_Star" title="News and Star">News and Star</a></i> focuses largely on Carlisle and the surrounding areas of north and west Cumbria, and the <i><a href="/wiki/North-West_Evening_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Evening Mail">North-West Evening Mail</a></i> is based in Barrow-in-Furness and covers news from across Furness and the South Lakes. The <i><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_and_Westmorland_Herald" title="Cumberland and Westmorland Herald">Cumberland and Westmorland Herald</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Westmorland_Gazette" title="The Westmorland Gazette">The Westmorland Gazette</a></i> are weekly newspapers based in <a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a> respectively. The Egremont 2Day newspaper, formerly Egremont Today when affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>, was a prominent monthly publication – founded by Peter Watson (and edited by him until his death in 2014) in 1990 until July 2018. In February 2020 The Herdwick News, run by the last editor of The Egremont 2Day, was launched and is an independent online news publication covering the county of Cumbria and the North West. </p><p>Due to the size of Cumbria the county spans two television zones: <a href="/wiki/BBC_North_East_and_Cumbria" title="BBC North East and Cumbria">BBC North East and Cumbria</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Border" title="ITV Border">ITV Border</a> in the north and centre, and <a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">BBC North West</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada" title="ITV Granada">ITV Granada</a> in the south. <a href="/wiki/Heart_North_West" title="Heart North West">Heart North West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Cumbria_%26_South_West_Scotland" title="Greatest Hits Radio Cumbria & South West Scotland">Greatest Hits Radio Cumbria & South West Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smooth_Lake_District" title="Smooth Lake District">Smooth Lake District</a> are the most popular local radio stations throughout the county, with <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cumbria" title="BBC Radio Cumbria">BBC Radio Cumbria</a> being the only station that is aimed at Cumbria as a whole. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Lancashire" title="BBC Radio Lancashire">BBC Radio Lancashire</a> can also be received in southern parts of the county. </p><p>The Australian-New Zealand feature film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Navigator:_A_Medieval_Odyssey" title="The Navigator: A Medieval Odyssey">The Navigator: A Medieval Odyssey</a></i> (1988) is set in Cumbria during the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> in 14th-century Europe. </p><p>Cumbria is host to a number of festivals, including <a href="/wiki/Kendal_Calling" title="Kendal Calling">Kendal Calling</a> (actually held in Penrith since 2009)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Kendal_Mountain_Festival" title="Kendal Mountain Festival">Kendal Mountain Festival</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Furness_Abbey_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Furness_Abbey_03.jpg/180px-Furness_Abbey_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Furness_Abbey_03.jpg/270px-Furness_Abbey_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Furness_Abbey_03.jpg/360px-Furness_Abbey_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Furness_Abbey" title="Furness Abbey">Furness Abbey</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadrian%27s_Wall_at_Birdoswald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_552095.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hadrian%27s_Wall_at_Birdoswald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_552095.jpg/180px-Hadrian%27s_Wall_at_Birdoswald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_552095.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hadrian%27s_Wall_at_Birdoswald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_552095.jpg/270px-Hadrian%27s_Wall_at_Birdoswald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_552095.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hadrian%27s_Wall_at_Birdoswald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_552095.jpg/360px-Hadrian%27s_Wall_at_Birdoswald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_552095.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pele_Tower_at_Muncaster_Castle_(geograph_6058924).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pele_Tower_at_Muncaster_Castle_%28geograph_6058924%29.jpg/220px-Pele_Tower_at_Muncaster_Castle_%28geograph_6058924%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pele_Tower_at_Muncaster_Castle_%28geograph_6058924%29.jpg/330px-Pele_Tower_at_Muncaster_Castle_%28geograph_6058924%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pele_Tower_at_Muncaster_Castle_%28geograph_6058924%29.jpg/440px-Pele_Tower_at_Muncaster_Castle_%28geograph_6058924%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muncaster_Castle" title="Muncaster Castle">Muncaster Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="toccolours" style="float:right; clear:right; margin-left:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><b>Key</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AP_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/16px-AP_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/24px-AP_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/32px-AP_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_in_England" title="List of monastic houses in England">Abbey/Priory/Cathedral</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UKAL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Accessible open space"><img alt="Accessible open space" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/UKAL_icon.svg/18px-UKAL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/UKAL_icon.svg/27px-UKAL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/UKAL_icon.svg/36px-UKAL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="11" /></a></span></td> <td>Accessible open space </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Themepark_uk_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Themepark_uk_icon.png/15px-Themepark_uk_icon.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Themepark_uk_icon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="22" data-file-height="28" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_amusement_parks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of amusement parks in the United Kingdom">Amusement/Theme Park</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/14px-CL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/21px-CL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/28px-CL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_England" title="List of castles in England">Castle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Country_parks.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Country Park"><img alt="Country Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Country_parks.svg/15px-Country_parks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Country_parks.svg/23px-Country_parks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Country_parks.svg/30px-Country_parks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Country_park" title="Country park">Country Park</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/14px-EH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/21px-EH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/28px-EH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forestry_Commission" title="Forestry Commission">Forestry Commission</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HR_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heritage railway"><img alt="Heritage railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/HR_icon.svg/16px-HR_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/HR_icon.svg/24px-HR_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/HR_icon.svg/32px-HR_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="13" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_heritage_and_private_railways#England" title="List of British heritage and private railways">Heritage railway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Historic house"><img alt="Historic house" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/15px-HH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/23px-HH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/30px-HH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_houses_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic houses in England">Historic House</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AP_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Places of Worship"><img alt="Places of Worship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/16px-AP_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/24px-AP_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/32px-AP_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">Places of Worship</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum (free)"><img alt="Museum (free)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Museum_icon.svg/13px-Museum_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Museum_icon.svg/20px-Museum_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Museum_icon.svg/26px-Museum_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="13" data-file-height="13" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_icon_(red).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum"><img alt="Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/13px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/20px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/26px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="13" data-file-height="13" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_England" title="List of museums in England">Museum</a> (free/<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FF0000">not free</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NTE_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Trust"><img alt="National Trust" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NTE_icon.svg/15px-NTE_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NTE_icon.svg/23px-NTE_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NTE_icon.svg/30px-NTE_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty">National Trust</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drama-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Drama-icon.svg/18px-Drama-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Drama-icon.svg/27px-Drama-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Drama-icon.svg/36px-Drama-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="335" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theater_(structure)" title="Theater (structure)">Theatre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoo_icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Zoo_icon.jpg/20px-Zoo_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Zoo_icon.jpg/30px-Zoo_icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Zoo_icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="27" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_by_country#United_Kingdom" title="List of zoos by country">Zoo</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appleby_Horse_Fair" title="Appleby Horse Fair">Appleby Horse Fair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gypsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy">Gypsy</a> fair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armitt_Library" title="Armitt Library">Armitt Museum and Library</a>, Ambleside</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassenthwaite_Lake" title="Bassenthwaite Lake">Bassenthwaite Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Combe" title="Black Combe">Black Combe</a> fell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackwell_(historic_house)" title="Blackwell (historic house)">Blackwell</a> house <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Historic House"><img alt="Historic House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/15px-HH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/23px-HH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/30px-HH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantwood" title="Brantwood">Brantwood</a> house and museum<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Historic House"><img alt="Historic House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/15px-HH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/23px-HH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/30px-HH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartmel_Priory" title="Cartmel Priory">Cartmel Priory</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AP_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Priory"><img alt="Priory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/16px-AP_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/24px-AP_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/32px-AP_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Cathedral" title="Carlisle Cathedral">Carlisle Cathedral</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AP_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathedral"><img alt="Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/16px-AP_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/24px-AP_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/32px-AP_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Citadel" title="Carlisle Citadel">Carlisle Citadel</a></li> <li>Castles <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appleby_Castle" title="Appleby Castle">Appleby</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle"><img alt="Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/14px-CL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/21px-CL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/28px-CL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brough_Castle" title="Brough Castle">Brough</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle"><img alt="Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/14px-CL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/21px-CL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/28px-CL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/14px-EH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/21px-EH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/28px-EH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brougham_Castle" title="Brougham Castle">Brougham</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle"><img alt="Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/14px-CL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/21px-CL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/28px-CL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/14px-EH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/21px-EH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/28px-EH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Castle" title="Carlisle Castle">Carlisle</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle"><img alt="Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/14px-CL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/21px-CL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/28px-CL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/14px-EH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/21px-EH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/28px-EH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_Castle,_Cumbria" title="Dalton Castle, Cumbria">Dalton</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle"><img alt="Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/14px-CL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/21px-CL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/28px-CL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NTE_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NTE_icon.svg/15px-NTE_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NTE_icon.svg/23px-NTE_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NTE_icon.svg/30px-NTE_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egremont_Castle" title="Egremont Castle">Egremont</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle"><img alt="Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/14px-CL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/21px-CL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/28px-CL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/14px-EH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/21px-EH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/28px-EH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartley_Castle" title="Hartley Castle">Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendal_Castle" title="Kendal Castle">Kendal</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle"><img alt="Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/14px-CL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/21px-CL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/28px-CL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UKAL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/UKAL_icon.svg/18px-UKAL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/UKAL_icon.svg/27px-UKAL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/UKAL_icon.svg/36px-UKAL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="11" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muncaster_Castle" title="Muncaster Castle">Muncaster</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle"><img alt="Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/14px-CL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/21px-CL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/28px-CL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Historic House"><img alt="Historic House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/15px-HH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/23px-HH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/30px-HH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/14px-EH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/21px-EH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/28px-EH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penrith_Castle" title="Penrith Castle">Penrith</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle"><img alt="Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/14px-CL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/21px-CL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/28px-CL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/14px-EH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/21px-EH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EH_icon.svg/28px-EH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouldry_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouldry Castle">Fouldry</a> on <a href="/wiki/Piel_Island" title="Piel Island">Piel Island</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle"><img alt="Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/14px-CL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/21px-CL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/28px-CL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizergh" title="Sizergh">Sizergh</a> with garden <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CL_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle"><img alt="Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/14px-CL_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/21px-CL_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CL_icon.svg/28px-CL_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NTE_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NTE_icon.svg/15px-NTE_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NTE_icon.svg/23px-NTE_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NTE_icon.svg/30px-NTE_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlerigg_Stone_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Castlerigg Stone Circle">Castlerigg Stone Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Olaf,_Wasdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St Olaf, Wasdale">Church of St Olaf, Wasdale</a></li> <li>Wainwright's <a href="/wiki/Coast_to_Coast_Walk" title="Coast to Coast Walk">Coast to Coast Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock_Museum" title="Dock Museum">Dock Museum</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum"><img alt="Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Museum_icon.svg/13px-Museum_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Museum_icon.svg/20px-Museum_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Museum_icon.svg/26px-Museum_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="13" data-file-height="13" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dove_Cottage" title="Dove Cottage">Dove Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Valley_Railway_(heritage_railway)" title="Eden Valley Railway (heritage railway)">Eden Valley Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fell_Foot_Park" title="Fell Foot Park">Fell Foot Park</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NTE_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="County Park"><img alt="County Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NTE_icon.svg/15px-NTE_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NTE_icon.svg/23px-NTE_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NTE_icon.svg/30px-NTE_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firbank_Fell" title="Firbank Fell">Firbank Fell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furness_Abbey" title="Furness Abbey">Furness Abbey</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AP_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abbey"><img alt="Abbey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/16px-AP_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/24px-AP_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/32px-AP_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haig_Colliery_Mining_Museum" title="Haig Colliery Mining Museum">Haig Colliery Mining Museum</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum"><img alt="Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Museum_icon.svg/13px-Museum_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Museum_icon.svg/20px-Museum_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Museum_icon.svg/26px-Museum_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="13" data-file-height="13" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Stickle" title="Harrison Stickle">Harrison Stickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></li> <li>Halls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot_Hall_Art_Gallery" title="Abbot Hall Art Gallery">Abbot</a>, art gallery and museum <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_icon_(red).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum"><img alt="Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/13px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/20px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/26px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="13" data-file-height="13" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brougham_Hall" title="Brougham Hall">Brough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holker_Hall" title="Holker Hall">Holker</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Historic House"><img alt="Historic House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/15px-HH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/23px-HH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/30px-HH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levens_Hall" title="Levens Hall">Levens</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HH_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Historic House"><img alt="Historic House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/15px-HH_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/23px-HH_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/HH_icon.svg/30px-HH_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarthmoor_Hall" title="Swarthmoor Hall">Swarthmoor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawkshead_Grammar_School_Museum" title="Hawkshead Grammar School Museum">Hawkshead Grammar School Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Top,_Cumbria" title="Hill Top, Cumbria">Hill Top</a> house museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoad_Monument" title="Hoad Monument">Hoad Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodbarrow_Nature_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Hodbarrow Nature Reserve">Hodbarrow Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killington_Reservoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Killington Reservoir">Killington Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeside_%26_Haverthwaite_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakeside & Haverthwaite Railway">Lakeside & Haverthwaite Railway</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HR_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="heritage railway"><img alt="heritage railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/HR_icon.svg/16px-HR_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/HR_icon.svg/24px-HR_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/HR_icon.svg/32px-HR_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="13" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langwathby_railway_station" title="Langwathby railway station">Langwathby railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeland_Wildlife_Oasis" title="Lakeland Wildlife Oasis">Lakeland Wildlife Oasis</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoo_icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Zoo_icon.jpg/25px-Zoo_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Zoo_icon.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="27" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanercost_Priory" title="Lanercost Priory">Lanercost Priory</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AP_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Priory"><img alt="Priory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/16px-AP_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/24px-AP_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/32px-AP_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li> <li>Long-distance footpaths <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumbria_Coastal_Way" title="Cumbria Coastal Way">Cumbria Coastal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbria_Way" title="Cumbria Way">Cumbria Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dales_Way" title="Dales Way">Dales Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennine_Way" title="Pennine Way">Pennine Way</a></li></ul></li> <li>Meres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buttermere" title="Buttermere">Buttermere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentmere" title="Kentmere">Kentmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirlmere" title="Thirlmere">Thirlmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millom_Folk_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Millom Folk Museum">Millom Folk Museum</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_icon_(red).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum"><img alt="Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/13px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/20px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/26px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="13" data-file-height="13" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Lakeland_Life_%26_Industry" title="Museum of Lakeland Life & Industry">Museum of Lakeland Life & Industry</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_icon_(red).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum"><img alt="Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/13px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/20px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/26px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="13" data-file-height="13" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Nature_Reserves_in_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="National Nature Reserves in Cumbria">National Nature Reserves in Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_tapestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker tapestry">Quaker tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenglass_%26_Eskdale_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway">Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">heritage railway</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HR_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heritage Railway"><img alt="Heritage Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/HR_icon.svg/16px-HR_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/HR_icon.svg/24px-HR_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/HR_icon.svg/32px-HR_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="13" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rey_Cross" title="Rey Cross">Rey Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_to_Sea_Cycle_Route" title="Sea to Sea Cycle Route">Sea to Sea Cycle Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seathwaite_Tarn" title="Seathwaite Tarn">Seathwaite Tarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sellafield" title="Sellafield">Sellafield Nuclear Reprocessing Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skelton_Transmitting_Station" title="Skelton Transmitting Station">Skelton Transmitting Station</a> (UK's tallest structure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lakes_Safari_Zoo" title="South Lakes Safari Zoo">South Lakes Safari Zoo</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoo_icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Zoo_icon.jpg/15px-Zoo_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Zoo_icon.jpg/23px-Zoo_icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Zoo_icon.jpg/30px-Zoo_icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="27" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bees_Priory" title="St Bees Priory">St Bees Priory</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AP_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Priory"><img alt="Priory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/16px-AP_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/24px-AP_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/AP_Icon.svg/32px-AP_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bees_Head" title="St Bees Head">St Bees Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stott_Park_Bobbin_Mill" title="Stott Park Bobbin Mill">Stott Park Bobbin Mill</a></li> <li>Waters: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coniston_Water" title="Coniston Water">Coniston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crummock_Water" title="Crummock Water">Crummock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_Water" class="mw-redirect" title="Derwent Water">Derwent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennerdale_Water" title="Ennerdale Water">Ennerdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haweswater" class="mw-redirect" title="Haweswater">Haweswater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rydal_Water" title="Rydal Water">Rydal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wast_Water" title="Wast Water">Wast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullswater" title="Ullswater">Ullswater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whinfell_Forest" title="Whinfell Forest">Whinfell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windermere_Steamboat_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Windermere Steamboat Museum">Windermere Steamboat Museum</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_icon_(red).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum"><img alt="Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/13px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/20px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg/26px-Museum_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="13" data-file-height="13" /></a></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery 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img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fleswick_bay_St_Bees_head.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="St Bees Head"><img alt="St Bees Head" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fleswick_bay_St_Bees_head.JPG/180px-Fleswick_bay_St_Bees_head.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fleswick_bay_St_Bees_head.JPG/270px-Fleswick_bay_St_Bees_head.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fleswick_bay_St_Bees_head.JPG/360px-Fleswick_bay_St_Bees_head.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St_Bees_Head" title="St Bees Head">St Bees Head</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Castlerigg_Stone_Circle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590652.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castlerigg Stone Circle"><img alt="Castlerigg Stone Circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Castlerigg_Stone_Circle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590652.jpg/180px-Castlerigg_Stone_Circle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590652.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Castlerigg_Stone_Circle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590652.jpg/270px-Castlerigg_Stone_Circle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590652.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Castlerigg_Stone_Circle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590652.jpg/360px-Castlerigg_Stone_Circle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590652.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Castlerigg_Stone_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Castlerigg Stone Circle">Castlerigg Stone Circle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flat_calm_at_dawn,_Windermere,_from_below_Claife_Heights_-_geograph.org.uk_-_559443.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Windermere"><img alt="Windermere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flat_calm_at_dawn%2C_Windermere%2C_from_below_Claife_Heights_-_geograph.org.uk_-_559443.jpg/180px-Flat_calm_at_dawn%2C_Windermere%2C_from_below_Claife_Heights_-_geograph.org.uk_-_559443.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flat_calm_at_dawn%2C_Windermere%2C_from_below_Claife_Heights_-_geograph.org.uk_-_559443.jpg/270px-Flat_calm_at_dawn%2C_Windermere%2C_from_below_Claife_Heights_-_geograph.org.uk_-_559443.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flat_calm_at_dawn%2C_Windermere%2C_from_below_Claife_Heights_-_geograph.org.uk_-_559443.jpg/360px-Flat_calm_at_dawn%2C_Windermere%2C_from_below_Claife_Heights_-_geograph.org.uk_-_559443.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thirleme_069.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thirlmere"><img alt="Thirlmere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Thirleme_069.jpg/180px-Thirleme_069.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Thirleme_069.jpg/270px-Thirleme_069.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Thirleme_069.jpg/360px-Thirleme_069.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thirlmere" title="Thirlmere">Thirlmere</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Carlisle,_Cumbria" title="Category:People from Carlisle, Cumbria">List of people from Carlisle</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Barrow-in-Furness" title="List of people from Barrow-in-Furness">List of people from Barrow-in-Furness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kendal#Notable_people" title="Kendal">List of people from Kendal</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Cumbria" title="List of people from Cumbria">List of people from Cumbria</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Acton" title="Abraham Acton">Abraham Acton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Roynon" title="Adam Roynon">Adam Roynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ade_Gardner" title="Ade Gardner">Ade Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aim_(musician)" title="Aim (musician)">Aim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Wainwright" title="Alfred Wainwright">Alfred Wainwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Dean" title="Anna Dean">Anna Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Ford" title="Anna Ford">Anna Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Potter" title="Beatrix Potter">Beatrix Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Stokes" title="Ben Stokes">Ben Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Birkett" title="Bill Birkett">Bill Birkett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Kavanagh" title="Brad Kavanagh">Brad Kavanagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Donnelly_(UK_diplomat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Donnelly (UK diplomat)">Brian Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sea_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="British Sea Power">British Sea Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Hall_(novelist)" title="Catherine Hall (novelist)">Catherine Hall (novelist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Parr" title="Catherine Parr">Catherine Parr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Bonington" title="Chris Bonington">Chris Bonington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_McVie" title="Christine McVie">Christine McVie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wordsworth" title="Christopher Wordsworth">Christopher Wordsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Spry" title="Constance Spry">Constance Spry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Campbell-Savours" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Campbell-Savours">Baron Campbell-Savours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Henderson" title="Dean Henderson">Dean Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Bird" class="mw-redirect" title="Derrick Bird">Derrick Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Huddart" title="Dick Huddart">Dick Huddart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Campbell" title="Donald Campbell">Donald Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Wordsworth" title="Dorothy Wordsworth">Dorothy Wordsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Ferreira" title="Douglas Ferreira">Douglas Ferreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Stobart" title="Eddie Stobart">Eddie Stobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Grindal" title="Edmund Grindal">Edmund Grindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stobart" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Stobart">Edward Stobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Troughton" title="Edward Troughton">Edward Troughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emlyn_Hughes" title="Emlyn Hughes">Emlyn Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Robson" title="Eric Robson">Eric Robson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Wallace" title="Eric Wallace">Eric Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Christian" title="Fletcher Christian">Fletcher Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dunnery" title="Francis Dunnery">Francis Dunnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Howgill" title="Francis Howgill">Francis Howgill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McPherson" title="Frank McPherson">Frank McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Peart" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Peart">Baron Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_McKee" title="Gary McKee">Gary McKee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Stevens_(footballer,_born_1963)" title="Gary Stevens (footballer, born 1963)">Gary Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Skelton" title="Gavin Skelton">Gavin Skelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_MacDonald_Fraser" title="George MacDonald Fraser">George MacDonald Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Romney_(painter)" title="George Romney (painter)">George Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Stanway" title="Georgia Stanway">Georgia Stanway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Cornick" title="Glenn Cornick">Glenn Cornick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Murray" title="Glenn Murray">Glenn Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hadley" title="Harry Hadley">Harry Hadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Skelton" title="Helen Skelton">Helen Skelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lowther,_5th_Earl_of_Lonsdale" title="Hugh Lowther, 5th Earl of Lonsdale">Hugh Lowther, 5th Earl of Lonsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McDonald_(footballer,_born_1953)" title="Ian McDonald (footballer, born 1953)">Ian 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href="/wiki/Jon_Roper" title="Jon Roper">Jon Roper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josefina_de_Vasconcellos" title="Josefina de Vasconcellos">Josefina de Vasconcellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joss_Naylor" title="Joss Naylor">Joss Naylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Taylor_(comedienne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karen Taylor (comedienne)">Karen Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Ferrier" title="Kathleen Ferrier">Kathleen Ferrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Tyson" title="Keith Tyson">Keith Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Dempsey" title="Kyle Dempsey">Kyle Dempsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Anne_Clifford" title="Lady Anne Clifford">Lady Anne Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Wilkinson" title="Len Wilkinson">Len Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Soulsby" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Soulsby">Lord Soulsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Wilson_(rally)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Wilson (rally)">Malcolm Wilson</a></li> <li><a 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Slone">Richard T. 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_West_England" title="Portal:North West England">North West England portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg/28px-Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg/42px-Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg 1.5x, 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language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Cumbrian_place_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Etymology of Cumbrian place names">Etymology of Cumbrian place names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Cumbria" title="Healthcare in Cumbria">Healthcare in Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cumbria-related_topics" title="List of Cumbria-related topics">List of Cumbria-related topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Cumbria" title="High Sheriff of Cumbria">List of High Sheriffs of Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Cumbria" title="Lord Lieutenant of Cumbria">List of Lord Lieutenants of Cumbria</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_England" title="Outline of England">Outline of England</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Castle" title="Rose Castle">Rose Castle</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cumberland.gov.uk/news/2023/new-lord-lieutenant-cumbria-appointed">"New Lord-Lieutenant of Cumbria appointed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council" title="Cumberland Council">Cumberland Council</a></i>. 5 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107212739/https://www.cumberland.gov.uk/news/2023/new-lord-lieutenant-cumbria-appointed">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cumberland+Council&rft.atitle=New+Lord-Lieutenant+of+Cumbria+appointed&rft.date=2023-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cumberland.gov.uk%2Fnews%2F2023%2Fnew-lord-lieutenant-cumbria-appointed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette62943" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62943/page/5161">"No. 62943"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 13 March 2020. p. 5161.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+62943&rft.pages=5161&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F62943%2Fpage%2F5161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/aboutus/transparencyandgovernance/freedomofinformationfoi/mid2022populationestimatesbylieutenancyareas/1997lieutenancyarea2022estimatesfinal3.xlsx">"Mid-2022 population estimates by Lieutenancy areas (as at 1997) for England and Wales"</a>. <i>Office for National Statistics</i>. 24 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Mid-2022+population+estimates+by+Lieutenancy+areas+%28as+at+1997%29+for+England+and+Wales&rft.date=2024-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Ffile%3Furi%3D%2Faboutus%2Ftransparencyandgovernance%2Ffreedomofinformationfoi%2Fmid2022populationestimatesbylieutenancyareas%2F1997lieutenancyarea2022estimatesfinal3.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021_Nomis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_2021E10000006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E10000006">"2021 Census Area Profile – Cumbria County (E10000006)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=2021+Census+Area+Profile+%E2%80%93+Cumbria+County+%28E10000006%29&rft.date=2021&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2021%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DE10000006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-59183200">"Names for two controversial Cumbria councils revealed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 5 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124161611/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-59183200">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Names+for+two+controversial+Cumbria+councils+revealed&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-cumbria-59183200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wastwater_and_the_Lake_District_West_Coast_-_explore_and_visit-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wastwater_and_the_Lake_District_West_Coast_-_explore_and_visit_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wastwater_and_the_Lake_District_West_Coast_-_explore_and_visit_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/places-to-go/explore-wastwater-eskdale-and-west-coast">"Wastwater and the Lake District West Coast – explore and visit"</a>. <i>Lake District National Park</i>. 17 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173333/https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/places-to-go/explore-wastwater-eskdale-and-west-coast">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lake+District+National+Park&rft.atitle=Wastwater+and+the+Lake+District+West+Coast+%E2%80%93+explore+and+visit&rft.date=2013-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Fvisiting%2Fplaces-to-go%2Fexplore-wastwater-eskdale-and-west-coast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lake_District_National_Park_-_Explore_Windermere-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lake_District_National_Park_-_Explore_Windermere_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lake_District_National_Park_-_Explore_Windermere_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/places-to-go/explore-windermere-and-ambleside">"Lake District National Park – Explore Windermere"</a>. Lakedistrict.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403091931/http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/placestogo/explorewindermere">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lake+District+National+Park+%E2%80%93+Explore+Windermere&rft.pub=Lakedistrict.gov.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Fvisiting%2Fplaces-to-go%2Fexplore-windermere-and-ambleside&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-An_introduction_to_the_Yorkshire_Dales_in_the_County_of_Cumbria-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-An_introduction_to_the_Yorkshire_Dales_in_the_County_of_Cumbria_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-An_introduction_to_the_Yorkshire_Dales_in_the_County_of_Cumbria_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitcumbria.com/yd/yorkshire-dales-national-park/">"An introduction to the Yorkshire Dales in the County of Cumbria"</a>. <i>Visit Cumbria</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Cumbria&rft.atitle=An+introduction+to+the+Yorkshire+Dales+in+the+County+of+Cumbria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitcumbria.com%2Fyd%2Fyorkshire-dales-national-park%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cumbrian_Mountains:_''Philips'_Elementary_Atlas_and_Geography''-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cumbrian_Mountains:_''Philips'_Elementary_Atlas_and_Geography''_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cumbrian_Mountains:_''Philips'_Elementary_Atlas_and_Geography''_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cumbrian Mountains: <i>Philips' Elementary Atlas and Geography</i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/John_Francon_Williams" title="John Francon Williams">John Francon Williams</a> published by <a href="/wiki/George_Philip_%26_Son_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="George Philip & Son Ltd.">George Philip & Son Ltd.</a>, 1882: (2) The Cumbrian Mountains are a group in the counties of Cumberland, Westmoreland, and northern Lancashire, near the coast of the Irish Sea. They contain the highest elevation in England – Scaw Fell (<a href="/wiki/Scafell_Pike" title="Scafell Pike">Scafell Pike</a>), 3,208 feet above the level of the sea (retrieved 2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim2011" class="citation web cs1">Tim (30 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://senchus.wordpress.com/2011/07/30/terminology-topics-5-cumbria/">"Terminology topics 5: Cumbria"</a>. <i>Senchus</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senchus&rft.atitle=Terminology+topics+5%3A+Cumbria&rft.date=2011-07-30&rft.au=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsenchus.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F07%2F30%2Fterminology-topics-5-cumbria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epns.nottingham.ac.uk/browse/Cumberland">"Cumberland :: Survey of English Place-Names"</a>. <i>epns.nottingham.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=epns.nottingham.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Cumberland+%3A%3A+Survey+of+English+Place-Names&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fepns.nottingham.ac.uk%2Fbrowse%2FCumberland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolyneaux2015" class="citation book cs1">Molyneaux, George (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/898531165"><i>The Formation of the English Kingdom in the Tenth Century</i></a> (First ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-871791-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-871791-1"><bdi>978-0-19-871791-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/898531165">898531165</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Formation+of+the+English+Kingdom+in+the+Tenth+Century&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F898531165&rft.isbn=978-0-19-871791-1&rft.aulast=Molyneaux&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F898531165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhythian-Adams1996" class="citation book cs1">Phythian-Adams, Charles (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35012254"><i>Land of the Cumbrians : a study in British provincial origins, A.D. 400–1120</i></a>. Aldershot, England: Scolar Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85928-327-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85928-327-6"><bdi>1-85928-327-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35012254">35012254</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+of+the+Cumbrians+%3A+a+study+in+British+provincial+origins%2C+A.D.+400%E2%80%931120&rft.place=Aldershot%2C+England&rft.pub=Scolar+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35012254&rft.isbn=1-85928-327-6&rft.aulast=Phythian-Adams&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F35012254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lga1972-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lga1972_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lga1972_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/70/schedule/1">"Local Government Act 1972"</a>. <i>www.legislation.gov.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222339/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/70/schedule/1">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Act+1972&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1972%2F70%2Fschedule%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastleden1992" class="citation book cs1">Castleden, Rodney (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-wYOAAAAQAAJ&q=Langdale+axe+industry&pg=PA60"><i>Neolithic Britain: New Stone Age Sites of England, Scotland, and Wales</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415058452" title="Special:BookSources/9780415058452"><bdi>9780415058452</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820172803/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-wYOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA60&dq=Langdale+axe+industry&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Langdale%20axe%20industry&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neolithic+Britain%3A+New+Stone+Age+Sites+of+England%2C+Scotland%2C+and+Wales&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780415058452&rft.aulast=Castleden&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-wYOAAAAQAAJ%26q%3DLangdale%2Baxe%2Bindustry%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrowclough (2010), p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shotter (2014), p.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/430">"Frontiers of the Roman Empire"</a>. <i>whc.unesco.org</i>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820203449/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/430">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whc.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Frontiers+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=cymru&searchmode=none">"Cymric"</a>. <i>Online Etymological Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100427060757/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=cymru&searchmode=none">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymological+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Cymric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fsearch%3Dcymru%26searchmode%3Dnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davies_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2007" class="citation book cs1">Davies, John (2007) [1990]. <i>A History of Wales</i>. Penguin Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">68–</span>69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Wales&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E68-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonan2017" class="citation book cs1">Ronan, Toolis (31 January 2017). <i>The lost Dark Age kingdom of Rheged : the discovery of a royal stronghold at Trusty's Hill, Galloway</i>. Bowles, Christopher R. Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781785703126" title="Special:BookSources/9781785703126"><bdi>9781785703126</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/967457029">967457029</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+lost+Dark+Age+kingdom+of+Rheged+%3A+the+discovery+of+a+royal+stronghold+at+Trusty%27s+Hill%2C+Galloway&rft.place=Oxford&rft.date=2017-01-31&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F967457029&rft.isbn=9781785703126&rft.aulast=Ronan&rft.aufirst=Toolis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe2006" class="citation book cs1">Sharpe, Richard (2006). <i>Norman rule in Cumbria, 1092–1136</i>. Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1873124437" title="Special:BookSources/978-1873124437"><bdi>978-1873124437</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/122952827">122952827</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norman+rule+in+Cumbria%2C+1092%E2%80%931136&rft.pub=Cumberland+and+Westmorland+Antiquarian+and+Archaeological+Society&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F122952827&rft.isbn=978-1873124437&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoltby1982" class="citation book cs1">Holtby, R.T. (1982). <i>Carlisle Cathedral</i>. London: Pitkin Pictorials. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/SBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SBN (identifier)">SBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85372_345_1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85372 345 1"><bdi>85372 345 1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carlisle+Cathedral&rft.place=London&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Pitkin+Pictorials&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Holtby&rft.aufirst=R.T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuck1986" class="citation journal cs1">Tuck, J.A. (January 1986). "The Emergence of a Northern Nobility, 1250–1400". <i>Northern History</i>. <b>22</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2F007817286790616516">10.1179/007817286790616516</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0078-172X">0078-172X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northern+History&rft.atitle=The+Emergence+of+a+Northern+Nobility%2C+1250%E2%80%931400&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.date=1986-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2F007817286790616516&rft.issn=0078-172X&rft.aulast=Tuck&rft.aufirst=J.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGill2017" class="citation book cs1">Gill, Jepson (15 November 2017). <i>Barrow-in-Furness at Work : People and Industries Through the Years</i>. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781445670041" title="Special:BookSources/9781445670041"><bdi>9781445670041</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1019605931">1019605931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barrow-in-Furness+at+Work+%3A+People+and+Industries+Through+the+Years&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing&rft.date=2017-11-15&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1019605931&rft.isbn=9781445670041&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=Jepson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah2016" class="citation book cs1">Sarah, Gristwood (9 June 2016). <i>The Story of Beatrix Potter</i>. London: Pavilion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781909881808" title="Special:BookSources/9781909881808"><bdi>9781909881808</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/951610299">951610299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Beatrix+Potter&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pavilion+Books&rft.date=2016-06-09&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F951610299&rft.isbn=9781909881808&rft.aulast=Sarah&rft.aufirst=Gristwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Black2011" class="citation news cs1">Richard Black (18 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12789749">"Fukushima – disaster or distraction?"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200411003052/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12789749">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fukushima+%E2%80%93+disaster+or+distraction%3F&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.au=Richard+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-12789749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-times-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-times_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFresco2010" class="citation news cs1">Fresco, Adam (2 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214040200/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/">"Police identify man wanted over drive-by shootings in Cumbria"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article7142413.ece">the original</a> on 14 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Police+identify+man+wanted+over+drive-by+shootings+in+Cumbria&rft.date=2010-06-02&rft.aulast=Fresco&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Farticle7142413.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nwemail.co.uk/news/24087049.furness-building-society-joins-appeal-build-houses-barrow/">BAE Workforce 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Largestemployers1-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Largestemployers1_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.personneltoday.com/hr/cumbrian-employers-supporting-staff-after-multiple-shooting/">"Cumbrian employers supporting staff after multiple shooting"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cumbrian+employers+supporting+staff+after+multiple+shooting&rft.pub=Personneltoday&rft.date=2010-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.personneltoday.com%2Fhr%2Fcumbrian-employers-supporting-staff-after-multiple-shooting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cumbriatourism.org">"Cumbria Tourism"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lake+District+National+Park&rft.pub=Lake+District+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Flearning%2Flakedistrictfacts%2Ffactsandfigures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LakeDistrictstats2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LakeDistrictstats2_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cumbriatourism.org/research/attractions.aspx">"Lake District National Park"</a>. 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Oxford: Blackwell. p. 125.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+in+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1989" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Peter (1989). <i>Maps of Meaning: An Introduction to Cultural Geography</i>. London: Unwin Hyman. p. 72.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maps+of+Meaning%3A+An+Introduction+to+Cultural+Geography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Unwin+Hyman&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195447/https://www.kendalcalling.co.uk/information/travel">"Travel – Kendal Calling"</a>. <i>Kendal Calling</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kendalcalling.co.uk/information/travel">the original</a> on 6 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kendal+Calling&rft.atitle=Travel+%E2%80%93+Kendal+Calling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kendalcalling.co.uk%2Finformation%2Ftravel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195506/http://www.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk/leisure/whats_on/4160803.Kendal_Calling_2009_-_have_your_say/">"Kendal Calling 2009 – have your say"</a>. <i>The Westmorland Gazette</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk/leisure/whats_on/4160803.Kendal_Calling_2009_-_have_your_say/">the original</a> on 6 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Westmorland+Gazette&rft.atitle=Kendal+Calling+2009+%E2%80%93+have+your+say&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk%2Fleisure%2Fwhats_on%2F4160803.Kendal_Calling_2009_-_have_your_say%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbria&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland (district)">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alston,_Cumbria" title="Alston, Cumbria">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambleside" title="Ambleside">Ambleside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appleby-in-Westmorland" title="Appleby-in-Westmorland">Appleby-in-Westmorland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspatria" title="Aspatria">Aspatria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowness-on-Windermere" title="Bowness-on-Windermere">Bowness-on-Windermere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brampton,_Carlisle" title="Brampton, Carlisle">Brampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broughton-in-Furness" title="Broughton-in-Furness">Broughton-in-Furness</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleator_Moor" title="Cleator Moor">Cleator Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockermouth" title="Cockermouth">Cockermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton-in-Furness" title="Dalton-in-Furness">Dalton-in-Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egremont,_Cumbria" title="Egremont, Cumbria">Egremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grange-over-Sands" title="Grange-over-Sands">Grange-over-Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkby_Lonsdale" title="Kirkby Lonsdale">Kirkby Lonsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkby_Stephen" title="Kirkby Stephen">Kirkby Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longtown,_Cumbria" title="Longtown, Cumbria">Longtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryport" title="Maryport">Maryport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millom" title="Millom">Millom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedbergh" title="Sedbergh">Sedbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silloth" title="Silloth">Silloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulverston" title="Ulverston">Ulverston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Whitehaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigton" title="Wigton">Wigton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windermere,_Cumbria_(town)" title="Windermere, Cumbria (town)">Windermere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in Cumbria">List of civil parishes in Cumbria</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliamentary_constituencies_in_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of parliamentary constituencies in Cumbria">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Cumbria" title="List of places in Cumbria">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Cumbria" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cumbria">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Cumbria" title="Category:Country houses in Cumbria">Country Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Cumbria" title="Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Cumbria" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Cumbria">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cumbria" title="History of Cumbria">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Cumbria" title="Lord Lieutenant of Cumbria">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Cumbria" title="High Sheriff of Cumbria">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Cumbria" title="List of museums in Cumbria">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_stations_in_Cumbria" title="List of railway stations in Cumbria">Railway stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1974–1996_←_Ceremonial_counties_of_England_→_current162" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks 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href="/wiki/Template:England_counties/1974" title="Template:England counties/1974">1974–1996</a></small> ←   <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial counties of England</a>   → <small>current</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire" title="South Yorkshire">South Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_North_West_England311" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NW_England" title="Template:NW England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NW_England" title="Template talk:NW England"><abbr 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Halton">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Warrington" title="Borough of Warrington">Warrington</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg/75px-North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg/113px-North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg/150px-North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cumbria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland (district)">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bolton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bury" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bury">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Oldham" title="Metropolitan Borough of Oldham">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stockport" title="Metropolitan Borough of Stockport">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameside" title="Tameside">Tameside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford" title="Trafford">Trafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wigan" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wigan">Wigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen" title="Blackburn with Darwen">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Blackpool" title="Borough of Blackpool">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Burnley" title="Borough of Burnley">Burnley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Chorley" title="Borough of Chorley">Chorley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Fylde" title="Borough of Fylde">Fylde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyndburn" title="Hyndburn">Hyndburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Pendle" title="Borough of Pendle">Pendle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribble_Valley" title="Ribble Valley">Ribble Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Rossendale" title="Borough of Rossendale">Rossendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ribble" title="South Ribble">South Ribble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lancashire" title="West Lancashire">West Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wyre" title="Borough of Wyre">Wyre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Knowsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley">Knowsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_St_Helens" title="Metropolitan Borough of St Helens">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Sefton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wirral">Wirral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_West_England" title="Portal:North West England">North West England portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147713487">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJycMCyKHQWc6JwWpRDH4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4569951-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50000578">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cumbria (Anglie : hrabství)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge763070&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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