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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_composers_of_liturgical_anthems:_historic_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_composers_of_liturgical_anthems:_historic_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Notable composers of liturgical anthems: historic context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_composers_of_liturgical_anthems:_historic_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_anthem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_anthem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>National anthem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_anthem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flag_anthem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag_anthem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Flag anthem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag_anthem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_anthem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_anthem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sports anthem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_anthem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shared_anthems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shared_anthems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Shared anthems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shared_anthems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-For_parts_of_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_parts_of_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>For parts of states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_parts_of_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.4</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czechoslovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czechoslovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.5</span> <span>Czechoslovakia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czechoslovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.6</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.7</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.8</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.9</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia_and_Montenegro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.10</span> <span>Serbia and Montenegro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia_and_Montenegro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.11</span> <span>Soviet Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.12</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.13</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.14</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.15</span> <span>Yugoslavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>International organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_anthem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_anthem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Global anthem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_anthem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Anthem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Антем – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Антем" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anthem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anthem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthem_(sang)" title="Anthem (sang) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anthem (sang)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anthem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Ανθέμιο (μουσική) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανθέμιο (μουσική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="سرود جمعی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرود جمعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A4%EC%84%AC" title="앤섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="앤섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himna" title="Himna – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Himna" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antem" title="Antem – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anthem" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F" title="המנון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המנון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antem" title="Antem – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthem_(compositie)" title="Anthem (compositie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anthem (compositie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BB%E3%83%A0" title="アンセム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンセム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anthem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hino" title="Hino – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%CA%BBi_o_le_tupu" title="Viʻi o le tupu – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Viʻi o le tupu" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himni" title="Himni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Himni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Anthem" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%8C%E6%AD%8C" title="頌歌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="頌歌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q541947#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Anthem_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Anthem (disambiguation)">Anthem (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Athame" title="Athame">athame</a>.</div> <p>An <b>anthem</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">musical composition</a> of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/celebration" class="extiw" title="wikt:celebration">celebration</a>, usually used as a symbol for a distinct group, particularly the <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthems</a> of <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">countries</a>. Originally, and in <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">music theory</a> and religious contexts, it also refers more particularly to short sacred <a href="/wiki/Choral_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Choral music">choral work</a> (still frequently seen in <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Harp" title="Sacred Harp">Sacred Harp</a> and other types of <a href="/wiki/Shape_note" title="Shape note">shape note</a> singing) and still more particularly to a specific form of <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_music" title="Liturgical music">liturgical music</a>. In this sense, its use began <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1550</span> in English-speaking churches; it uses English language words, in contrast to the originally <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> '<a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">motet</a>' which sets a <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> text.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Word"></span><span class="anchor" id="Name"></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Anthem</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀντίφωνα</span></span> (<i>antíphōna</i>) via <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">antefn</i></span>. Both words originally referred to <a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">antiphons</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Call_and_response_(music)" title="Call and response (music)">call-and-response</a> style of the singing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The adjectival form is "anthemic". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anthems were originally a form of <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_music" title="Liturgical music">liturgical music</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rubric" title="Rubric">rubric</a> appoints them to follow the third <a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">collect</a> at morning and evening prayer. Several anthems are included in the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">British coronation service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The words are selected from <a href="/wiki/Holy_Scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Scripture">Holy Scripture</a> or in some cases from the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">Liturgy</a> and the music is generally more elaborate and varied than that of <a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">psalm</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hymn_tune" title="Hymn tune">hymn tunes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being written for a trained <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choir</a> rather than the congregation, the Anglican anthem is analogous to the <a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">motet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Churches</a> but represents an essentially English <a href="/wiki/Musical_form" title="Musical form">musical form</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthems may be described as "<a href="/wiki/Verse_anthem" title="Verse anthem">verse</a>", "full", or "full with verse", depending on whether they are intended for <a href="/wiki/Solo_(music)" title="Solo (music)">soloists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">full choir</a>, or both. Another way of describing an anthem is that it is a piece of music written specifically to fit a certain accompanying text, and it is often difficult to make any other text fit that same melodic arrangement. It also often changes melody and/or meter, frequently multiple times within a single song, and is sung straight through from start to finish, without repeating the melody for following verses like a normal song (although certain sections may be repeated when marked). An example of an anthem with multiple meter shifts, fuguing, and repeated sections is "Claremont",<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Vital Spark of Heav'nly Flame".<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another well known example is <a href="/wiki/William_Billings" title="William Billings">William Billing</a>'s "Easter Anthem",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as "The Lord Is Risen Indeed!" after the opening lines. This anthem is still one of the more popular songs in the Sacred Harp tune book.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The anthem developed as a replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> "votive antiphon" commonly sung as an appendix to the main <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">office</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a> or <a href="/wiki/Saint_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint (Christianity)">other saints</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_composers_of_liturgical_anthems:_historic_context">Notable composers of liturgical anthems: historic context</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable composers of liturgical anthems: historic context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabethan period">Elizabethan period</a>, notable anthems were composed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tallis" title="Thomas Tallis">Thomas Tallis</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Byrd" title="William Byrd">William Byrd</a>, Tye, and Farrant<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but they were not mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a> until 1662 when the famous <a href="/wiki/Rubric" title="Rubric">rubric</a> "In quires and places where they sing here followeth the Anthem" first appears. Early anthems tended to be simple and <a href="/wiki/Homophony" title="Homophony">homophonic</a> in texture, so that the words could be clearly heard. During the 17th century, notable anthems were composed by <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Gibbons" title="Orlando Gibbons">Orlando Gibbons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Purcell" title="Henry Purcell">Henry Purcell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Blow" title="John Blow">John Blow</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/Verse_anthem" title="Verse anthem">verse anthem</a> becoming the dominant musical form of the <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">Restoration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 18th century, famed anthems were composed by Croft, Boyce, <a href="/wiki/James_Kent_(composer)" title="James Kent (composer)">James Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Nares_(composer)" title="James Nares (composer)">James Nares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Cooke" title="Benjamin Cooke">Benjamin Cooke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Arnold_(composer)" title="Samuel Arnold (composer)">Samuel Arnold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sebastian_Wesley" title="Samuel Sebastian Wesley">Samuel Sebastian Wesley</a> wrote anthems influenced by contemporary <a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorio</a> which stretch to several <a href="/wiki/Movement_(music)" title="Movement (music)">movements</a> and last twenty minutes or longer. Later in the century, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Villiers_Stanford" title="Charles Villiers Stanford">Charles Villiers Stanford</a> used symphonic techniques to produce a more concise and unified structure. Many anthems have been written since then, generally by <a href="/wiki/Organist" title="Organist">specialists</a> in organ music rather than <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composers</a>, and often in a conservative style. Major composers have usually written anthems in response to commissions and for special occasions: for instance <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a>'s 1912 "Great is the Lord" and 1914 "Give unto the Lord" (both with orchestral accompaniment); <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a>'s 1943 "<a href="/wiki/Rejoice_in_the_Lamb" title="Rejoice in the Lamb">Rejoice in the Lamb</a>" (a modern example of a multi-movement anthem, today heard mainly as a concert piece); and, on a much smaller scale, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a>'s 1952 "O Taste and See" written for the coronation of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>. With the relaxation of the rule, in England at least, that anthems should only be in English, the repertoire has been greatly enhanced by the addition of many works from the Latin repertoire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "anthem" is commonly used to describe any celebratory song or composition for a distinct group, as in <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthems</a>. Further, some songs are artistically styled as anthems, whether or not they are used as such, including <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Manson_(band)" title="Marilyn Manson (band)">Marilyn Manson</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Irresponsible_Hate_Anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Irresponsible Hate Anthem">Irresponsible Hate Anthem</a>", <a href="/wiki/Silverchair" title="Silverchair">Silverchair</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Anthem_for_the_Year_2000" title="Anthem for the Year 2000">Anthem for the Year 2000</a>", and <a href="/wiki/Toto_(band)" title="Toto (band)">Toto</a>'s "Child's Anthem". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_anthem">National anthem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: National anthem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">National anthem</a></div> <p>A national anthem (also state anthem, national hymn, national song, etc.) is generally a <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotic</a> musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, and struggles of a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">country</a>'s people, recognized either by that state's <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> as the official national <a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">song</a>, or by <a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">convention</a> through use by the people. The majority of national anthems are <a href="/wiki/March_(music)" title="March (music)">marches</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">hymns</a> in style. The countries of <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> tend towards more ornate and <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">operatic</a> pieces, while those in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> use a simpler <a href="/wiki/Fanfare" title="Fanfare">fanfare</a>. Some <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">countries</a> that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom, Russian Federation, and the former Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flag_anthem">Flag anthem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Flag anthem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/60px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/120px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%AD%8C_(%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88).oga" title="File:National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China中華民國國旗歌 (演奏版).oga">"Zhōnghuá Míngúo Gúoqígē"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="72" data-mwtitle="National_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China中華民國國旗歌_(演奏版).oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/National_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%AD%8C_%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.oga" type="audio/ogg; 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formerly the flag anthem of China until 1949.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Flag_anthem" title="Flag anthem">flag anthem</a> is generally a <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotic</a> musical composition that extols and praises a flag, typically one of a country, in which case it is sometimes called a national flag anthem. It is often either sung or performed during or immediately before the raising or lowering of a flag during a ceremony. Most countries use their respective national anthems or some other patriotic song for this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-GrandOldFlag_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrandOldFlag-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some countries, particularly in South America, use a separate flag anthem for such purposes. Not all countries have flag anthems. Some used them in the past but no longer do so, such as Iran, China, and South Africa. Flag anthems can be officially codified in law, or unofficially recognized by custom and convention. In some countries, the flag anthem may be just another song, and in others, it may be an official symbol of the state akin to a second national anthem, such as in Taiwan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_anthem">Sports anthem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sports anthem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports anthem">Sports anthem</a></div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop songs</a> are used as <a href="/wiki/Sports_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports anthem">sports anthems</a>, notably including <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_Champions" title="We Are the Champions">We Are the Champions</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/We_Will_Rock_You" title="We Will Rock You">We Will Rock You</a>", and some sporting events have their own anthems, most notably including <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League_Anthem" title="UEFA Champions League Anthem">UEFA Champions League</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shared_anthems">Shared anthems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Shared anthems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although anthems are used to distinguish states and territories, there are instances of shared anthems. "<a href="/wiki/Nkosi_Sikelel%27_iAfrika" title="Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika">Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika</a>" became a <a href="/wiki/Pan-African" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-African">pan-African</a> liberation anthem and was later adopted as the national anthem of five countries in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> including <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> after independence. Zimbabwe and Namibia have since adopted new national anthems. Since 1997, the <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> national anthem has been a hybrid song combining new English lyrics with extracts of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" and the former state anthem "<a href="/wiki/Die_Stem_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Die Stem van Suid-Afrika">Die Stem van Suid-Afrika</a>". </p><p>For North and South Korea, the folk song <i><a href="/wiki/Arirang" title="Arirang">Arirang</a></i> is considered a shared anthem for both countries. For example, it was played when the two Koreas marched together during the <a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 Winter Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Hymn to Liberty</a>" is the longest national anthem in the world by length of text.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1865, the first three stanzas and later the first two officially became the national anthem of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and later also that of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</a>. </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Forged_from_the_Love_of_Liberty" title="Forged from the Love of Liberty">Forged from the Love of Liberty</a>" was composed as the national anthem for the short-lived <a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a> (1958–1962) and was adopted by <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> when it became independent in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Esta_%C3%89_a_Nossa_P%C3%A1tria_Bem_Amada" title="Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada">Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada</a>" is the national anthem of <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> and was also the national anthem of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> until 1996. </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Oben_am_jungen_Rhein" title="Oben am jungen Rhein">Oben am jungen Rhein</a>", the national anthem of <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, is set to the tune of "God Save the King/Queen". Other anthems that have used the same melody include "<a href="/wiki/Heil_dir_im_Siegerkranz" title="Heil dir im Siegerkranz">Heil dir im Siegerkranz</a>" (Germany), "<a href="/wiki/Kongesangen" title="Kongesangen">Kongesangen</a>" (Norway), "<a href="/wiki/My_Country,_%27Tis_of_Thee" title="My Country, 'Tis of Thee">My Country, 'Tis of Thee</a>" (United States), "<a href="/wiki/Rufst_du,_mein_Vaterland" title="Rufst du, mein Vaterland">Rufst du, mein Vaterland</a>" (Switzerland), "<a href="/wiki/E_Ola_Ke_Alii_Ke_Akua" class="mw-redirect" title="E Ola Ke Alii Ke Akua">E Ola Ke Alii Ke Akua</a>" (Hawaiʻi), and "<a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Russians" title="The Prayer of Russians">The Prayer of Russians</a>". </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonian</a> anthem "<a href="/wiki/Mu_isamaa,_mu_%C3%B5nn_ja_r%C3%B5%C3%B5m" title="Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm">Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm</a>" is set to a melody composed in 1848 by <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Pacius" title="Fredrik Pacius">Fredrik (Friedrich) Pacius</a> which is also that of the national anthem of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>: "<span title="Finnish-language text"><span lang="fi" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maamme" title="Maamme">Maamme</a></span></span>" ("<span title="Swedish-language text"><span lang="sv" style="font-style: normal;">Vårt Land</span></span>" in Swedish).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also considered to be the ethnic anthem for the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Livonian people">Livonian people</a> with lyrics "<a href="/wiki/Min_iz%C4%81m%C5%8D" title="Min izāmō">Min izāmō, min sindimō</a>" ("My Fatherland, my native land"). </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Hey,_Slavs" title="Hey, Slavs">Hey, Slavs</a>" is dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Slavic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic peoples">Slavic peoples</a>. Its first lyrics were written in 1834 under the title "Hey, Slovaks" ("Hej, Slováci") by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1ik" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Tomášik">Samuel Tomášik</a> and it has since served as the ethnic anthem of the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Slavic">Pan-Slavic</a> movement, the organizational anthem of the <a href="/wiki/Sokol_(sport_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokol (sport movement)">Sokol</a> physical education and political movement, the national anthem of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> and the transitional anthem of the State Union of <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a>. The song is also considered to be the second, unofficial anthem of the Slovaks. Its melody is based on <a href="/wiki/Mazurek_Dabrowskiego" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazurek Dabrowskiego">Mazurek Dąbrowskiego</a>, which has also been the anthem of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> since 1926, but the Yugoslav variation is much slower and more accentuated.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1991 and 1994 "<a href="/wiki/De%C8%99teapt%C4%83-te,_rom%C3%A2ne!" title="Deșteaptă-te, române!">Deșteaptă-te, române!</a>" was the national anthem of both <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> (which adopted it in 1990) and <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, but in the case of the latter it was replaced by the current Moldovan national anthem, "<a href="/wiki/Limba_noastr%C4%83" title="Limba noastră">Limba noastră</a>". Between 1975 and 1977, the national anthem of Romania "<a href="/wiki/E_scris_pe_tricolor_Unire" class="mw-redirect" title="E scris pe tricolor Unire">E scris pe tricolor Unire</a>" shared the same melody as the national anthem of <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> "<a href="/wiki/Himni_i_Flamurit" title="Himni i Flamurit">Himni i Flamurit</a>", which is the melody of a Romanian patriotic song "<a href="/wiki/Pe-al_nostru_steag_e_scris_Unire" title="Pe-al nostru steag e scris Unire">Pe-al nostru steag e scris Unire</a>". </p><p>The modern national anthem of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Deutschlandlied" title="Deutschlandlied">Das Lied der Deutschen</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> uses the same tune as the 19th- and early 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a> imperial anthem "<a href="/wiki/Gott_erhalte_Franz_den_Kaiser" title="Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser">Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "<a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="National Anthem of the Soviet Union">Hymn of the Soviet Union</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was used until its dissolution in 1991, and was given new words and <a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Russia" title="National anthem of Russia">adopted</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a> in 2000 to replace an instrumental national anthem that had been introduced in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-rianovosti_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rianovosti-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zolotov_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zolotov-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Bro_Gozh_ma_Zado%C3%B9" title="Bro Gozh ma Zadoù">Bro Gozh ma Zadoù</a>", the regional anthem of <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> and, "<a href="/wiki/Bro_Goth_Agan_Tasow" class="mw-redirect" title="Bro Goth Agan Tasow">Bro Goth Agan Tasow</a>", the <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornish</a> regional anthem, are sung to the same tune as that of the Welsh regional anthem "<a href="/wiki/Hen_Wlad_Fy_Nhadau" title="Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau">Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau</a>", with similar words. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="For_parts_of_states">For parts of states</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: For parts of states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_anthems" title="List of regional anthems">List of regional anthems</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132" /><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/60px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/120px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Marcha_de_Zacatecas%22,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav" title="File:"Marcha de Zacatecas", performed by the United States Navy Band.wav">"Marcha de Zacatecas"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="258" data-mwtitle=""Marcha_de_Zacatecas",_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/%22Marcha_de_Zacatecas%22%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav/%22Marcha_de_Zacatecas%22%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/%22Marcha_de_Zacatecas%22%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav/%22Marcha_de_Zacatecas%22%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/%22Marcha_de_Zacatecas%22%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">The "<a href="/wiki/Marcha_de_Zacatecas" title="Marcha de Zacatecas">Marcha de Zacatecas</a>", the regional anthem of the Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a>.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132" /><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/60px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/120px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:National_anthem_of_Tajikistan,_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.flac" title="File:National anthem of Tajikistan, performed by the U.S. Navy Band.flac">"Surudi Milli"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="110" data-mwtitle="National_anthem_of_Tajikistan,_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/National_anthem_of_Tajikistan%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.flac/National_anthem_of_Tajikistan%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/National_anthem_of_Tajikistan%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.flac/National_anthem_of_Tajikistan%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/National_anthem_of_Tajikistan%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Tajikistan%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.flac&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Tajikistan%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.flac&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Tajikistan%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.flac&lang=tg&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tg" label="тоҷикӣ ‪(tg)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Tajikistan%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.flac&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Tajikistan%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.flac&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Tajikistan's national anthem "<a href="/wiki/Surudi_Milli" title="Surudi Milli">Surudi Milli</a>", the tune of which was previously used in the regional anthem of the <a href="/wiki/Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic</a> during that entity's existence.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132" /><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/60px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/120px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga" title="File:U.S. Navy Band - God Save the King.oga">"God Save the King/Queen"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="50" data-mwtitle="U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga/U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=cy&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="cy" label="Cymraeg ‪(cy)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=dag&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="dag" label="dagbanli ‪(dag)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=ga&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ga" label="Gaeilge ‪(ga)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=gd&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="gd" label="Gàidhlig ‪(gd)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=la&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="la" label="Latina ‪(la)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=mi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mi" label="Māori ‪(mi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=my&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="my" label="မြန်မာဘာသာ ‪(my)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=nrm&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nrf" label="Nouormand ‪(nrm)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Unlike Wales, England does not have an officially-designated regional anthem. Thus, the UK's national anthem "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>" (or "God Save the Queen") is typically used as a <i>de facto</i> regional anthem for England on occasions requiring the use of one.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132" /><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/60px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/120px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Regional_anthem_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga" title="File:Regional anthem of the Northern Mariana Islands, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga">"Gi Talo Gi Halom Tasi"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="88" data-mwtitle="Regional_anthem_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Regional_anthem_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/Regional_anthem_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga/Regional_anthem_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ARegional_anthem_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=ch&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ch" label="Chamoru ‪(ch)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ARegional_anthem_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ARegional_anthem_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ARegional_anthem_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ARegional_anthem_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=mh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mh" label="Ebon ‪(mh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ARegional_anthem_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">"<a href="/wiki/Gi_Talo_Gi_Halom_Tasi" title="Gi Talo Gi Halom Tasi">Gi Talo Gi Halom Tasi</a>", the regional anthem of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Navy_Band_-_La_Borinque%C3%B1a.ogg" title="File:United States Navy Band - La Borinqueña.ogg">"La Borinqueña"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="94" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_La_Borinqueña.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/United_States_Navy_Band_-_La_Borinque%C3%B1a.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_La_Borinque%C3%B1a.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/United_States_Navy_Band_-_La_Borinque%C3%B1a.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_La_Borinque%C3%B1a.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_La_Borinque%C3%B1a.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_La_Borinque%C3%B1a.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">"<a href="/wiki/La_Borinque%C3%B1a" title="La Borinqueña">La Borinqueña</a>", the regional anthem of Puerto Rico.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Regional_anthem_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.wav" title="File:Regional anthem of the United States Virgin Islands.wav">"Virgin Islands March"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_6" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="144" data-mwtitle="Regional_anthem_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Regional_anthem_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.wav/Regional_anthem_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Regional_anthem_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.wav/Regional_anthem_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Regional_anthem_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ARegional_anthem_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.wav&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">The "<a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands_March" title="Virgin Islands March">Virgin Islands March</a>", the regional anthem of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">US Virgin Islands</a>.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132" /><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/60px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/120px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:National_anthem_of_Serbia,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav" title="File:National anthem of Serbia, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav">"Bože pravde"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_7" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="104" data-mwtitle="National_anthem_of_Serbia,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/National_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav/National_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/National_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav/National_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/National_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=be&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="be" label="беларуская ‪(be)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=sr-el&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr-Latn" label="srpski (latinica) ‪(sr-el)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=sr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr" label="српски / srpski ‪(sr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">"<a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEe_pravde" title="Bože pravde">Bože pravde</a>", the regional anthem of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)">Serbia</a> when it was a part of <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a>. It is now the national anthem of Serbia after it became an independent country in 2006.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Some countries, such as the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, among others, are held to be unions of several "nations" by various definitions. Each of the different "nations" may have their own anthem and these songs may or may not be officially recognized; these compositions are typically referred to as regional anthems<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though may be known by other names as well (e.g. "state songs" in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Austria">Austria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, the situation is similar to that in Germany. The regional anthem of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a>, the "Hoamatgsang" (English: <span lang="en">"Chant of the Homeland"</span>), is notable as the only (official) German-language anthem written – and sung – entirely in dialect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belgium">Belgium</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a> uses "<a href="/wiki/Le_Chant_des_Wallons" title="Le Chant des Wallons">Le Chant des Wallons</a>" and Flanders uses "<a href="/wiki/De_Vlaamse_Leeuw" title="De Vlaamse Leeuw">De Vlaamse Leeuw</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brazil">Brazil</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the Brazilian <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">states</a> have official anthems. <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a> uses an adapted version of the traditional Italian song "Vieni sul mar" as its unofficial anthem. During the <a href="/wiki/Vargas_Era" title="Vargas Era">Vargas Era</a> (1937–1945) all regional symbols including anthems were banned, but they were legalized again by the <a href="/wiki/Eurico_Gaspar_Dutra" title="Eurico Gaspar Dutra">Eurico Gaspar Dutra</a> government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, having been the independent <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Dominion of Newfoundland</a> before 1949, also has its own regional anthem from its days as a dominion and colony of the UK, the "<a href="/wiki/Ode_to_Newfoundland" title="Ode to Newfoundland">Ode to Newfoundland</a>". It was the only Canadian province with its own anthem until 2010, when <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> adopted the 1908 song "<a href="/wiki/The_Island_Hymn" title="The Island Hymn">The Island Hymn</a>" as its provincial anthem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Czechoslovakia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> had a national anthem composed of two parts, the <a href="/wiki/Kde_domov_m%C5%AFj%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Kde domov můj?">Czech</a> anthem followed by one verse of the <a href="/wiki/Nad_Tatrou_sa_bl%C3%BDska" title="Nad Tatrou sa blýska">Slovak one</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> adopted its own regional anthem as its national one, whereas <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> did so with slightly changed lyrics and an additional stanza. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germany">Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, many of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Länder</a> (states) have their own anthems, some of which predate the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">unification of Germany</a> in 1871. A prominent example is the <a href="/wiki/Bayernhymne" title="Bayernhymne">Hymn of Bavaria</a>, which also has the status of an official anthem (and thus enjoys legal protection). There are also several unofficial regional anthems, like the "<a href="/wiki/Badnerlied" title="Badnerlied">Badnerlied</a>" and the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Niedersachsenlied&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niedersachsenlied (page does not exist)">Niedersachsenlied</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">states and union territories of India</a> have officially adopted their own <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">state anthem</a> for use during state government functions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All the individual states of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> have their own anthems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico">Mexico</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, after the national anthem was established in 1854, most of the states of the federation adopted their own regional anthems, which often emphasize heroes, virtues or particular landscapes. In particular, the regional anthem of <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a>, the "<a href="/wiki/Marcha_de_Zacatecas" title="Marcha de Zacatecas">Marcha de Zacatecas</a>", is one of the more well-known of Mexico's various regional anthems.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Serbia_and_Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Serbia and Montenegro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004 and 2005 respectively, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Montenegro_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006)">Montenegrin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)">Serbian</a> regions of <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> adopted their own regional anthems. When the two regions both became independent <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a> in mid-2006, their regional anthems became their national anthems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Soviet_Union">Soviet Union</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anthems_of_the_Soviet_Republics" title="Anthems of the Soviet Republics">Anthems of the Soviet Republics</a></div> <p>Fourteen of the fifteen <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">constituent states of the Soviet Union</a> had their own official song which was used at events connected to that region, and also written and sung in that region's own language. The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic</a> used the Soviet Union's national anthem as its regional anthem ("<a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a>" from 1917 to 1944 and the "<a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="National Anthem of the Soviet Union">National Anthem of the Soviet Union</a>" from 1944 to 1990) until 1990, the last of the Soviet constituent states to do so. After the Soviet Union disbanded in the early 1990s, some of its former constituent states, now sovereign nations in their own right, retained the melodies of their old Soviet-era regional anthems until replacing them or, in some cases, still use them today. </p><p>Unlike most national anthems, few of which were composed by renowned composers, the Soviet Union's various regional anthems were composed by some of the best Soviet composers, including world-renowned <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ernesaks" title="Gustav Ernesaks">Gustav Ernesaks</a> (Estonia), <a href="/wiki/Aram_Khachaturian" title="Aram Khachaturian">Aram Khachaturian</a> (Armenia), <a href="/wiki/Otar_Taktakishvili" title="Otar Taktakishvili">Otar Taktakishvili</a> (Georgia), and <a href="/wiki/Uzeyir_Hajibeyov" title="Uzeyir Hajibeyov">Uzeyir Hajibeyov</a> (Azerbaijan). </p><p>The lyrics present great similarities, all having mentions to <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> (and most, in their initial versions, to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, the Armenian and Uzbek anthems being exceptions), to the guiding role of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a>, and to the brotherhood of the Soviet peoples, including a specific reference to the friendship of the <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russian</a> people (the Estonian, Georgian and Karelo-Finnish anthems were apparently an exception to this last rule). </p><p>Some of the Soviet regional anthems' melodies can be sung in the <a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_the_Soviet_Union#Lyrics" title="State Anthem of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union anthem lyrics</a> (Ukrainian and Belarus are the most fitted in this case). </p><p>Most of these regional anthems were replaced with new national ones during or after the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>; <a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> (until 2006), <a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> (until 1997), and <a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> kept the melodies, but with different lyrics. <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> itself had abandoned the Soviet hymn, replacing it with <a href="/wiki/Patrioticheskaya_Pesnya" title="Patrioticheskaya Pesnya">a tune</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Glinka</a>. However, with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> coming to power, the old Soviet tune was restored, with <a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Anthem of Russia">new lyrics</a> written to it. </p><p>Like the <a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle" title="Hammer and sickle">hammer and sickle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_star" title="Red star">red star</a>, the public performance of the anthems of the Soviet Union's various regional anthems the national anthem of the Soviet Union itself are considered as occupation symbols as well as symbols of <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="State terror">state terror</a> by several countries formerly either members of or occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Accordingly, Latvia,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lithuania,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hungary,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine" title="Decommunization in Ukraine">Ukraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have banned those anthems amongst other things deemed to be symbols of fascism, socialism, communism, and the Soviet Union and its republics. In <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, dissemination of items which are “media of fascist, communist, or other totalitarian symbolism” was criminalized in 1997. However, in 2011 the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Tribunal_(Poland)" title="Constitutional Tribunal (Poland)">Constitutional Tribunal</a> found this sanction to be unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to this treatment of the <i>symbolism</i>, promotion of fascist, communist and other totalitarian <i>ideology</i> remains illegal. Those laws do not apply to the anthems of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> which used the melody with different lyrics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spain">Spain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anthems_of_the_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Anthems of the autonomous communities of Spain">Anthems of the autonomous communities of Spain</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, the situation is similar to that in Austria and Germany. Unlike the national anthem, most of the <a href="/wiki/Anthems_of_the_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Anthems of the autonomous communities of Spain">anthems of the autonomous communities</a> have words. All are official. Three prominent examples are "<a href="/wiki/Els_Segadors" title="Els Segadors">Els Segadors</a>" of <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Eusko_Abendaren_Ereserkia" title="Eusko Abendaren Ereserkia">Eusko Abendaren Ereserkia</a>" of the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a>, and "<a href="/wiki/Os_Pinos" title="Os Pinos">Os Pinos</a>" of <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, all written and sung in the local languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_anthems" title="List of British anthems">List of British anthems</a></div> <p>The United Kingdom's national anthem is "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>" but <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">its constituent countries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> also have their own equivalent songs which have varying degrees of official recognition. <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> each have anthems which are played at occasions such as sports matches and official events.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>England - "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>" is usually presumed to be, and often played as, the <a href="/wiki/Proposals_for_a_national_anthem_for_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposals for a national anthem for England">English regional anthem</a>; but "<a href="/wiki/And_did_those_feet_in_ancient_time" title="And did those feet in ancient time">Jerusalem</a>", "<a href="/wiki/I_Vow_To_Thee,_My_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="I Vow To Thee, My Country">I Vow To Thee, My Country</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Land_of_Hope_and_Glory" title="Land of Hope and Glory">Land of Hope and Glory</a>" are also sung. "<a href="/wiki/And_did_those_feet_in_ancient_time" title="And did those feet in ancient time">Jerusalem</a>" is used as England's anthem at the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>.</li> <li>Scotland variously uses "<a href="/wiki/Flower_of_Scotland" title="Flower of Scotland">Flower of Scotland</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Auld_Lang_Syne" title="Auld Lang Syne">Auld Lang Syne</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Scotland_the_Brave" title="Scotland the Brave">Scotland the Brave</a>" as its unofficial national anthems. "Flower of Scotland" is used as Scotland's anthem at the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> and international <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a> matches.</li> <li>Wales has sung "<a href="/wiki/Hen_Wlad_Fy_Nhadau" title="Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau">Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau</a>" since 1856 when it was written by father and son <a href="/wiki/Evan_James_(poet)" title="Evan James (poet)">Evan</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_James" title="James James">James James</a>. The music and a Breton translation, "<a href="/wiki/Bro_Gozh_ma_Zado%C3%B9" title="Bro Gozh ma Zadoù">Bro Gozh ma Zadoù</a>", were adopted by <a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a> as its anthem; and there is also a Cornish version, "<a href="/wiki/Bro_Goth_agan_Tasow" title="Bro Goth agan Tasow">Bro Goth agan Tasow</a>", sung alongside "<a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Western_Men" title="The Song of the Western Men">Trelawney</a>" as an unofficial Cornish anthem. In Wales, "Hen Wlad fy Nhadau" is sometimes accompanied by the hymn, "<a href="/wiki/Cwm_Rhondda" title="Cwm Rhondda">Guide Me, O thou Great Redeemer</a>" (also referred to as "Bread of Heaven" from repeated words in its first verse), especially at rugby matches.</li> <li>Northern Ireland currently uses "God Save the King" as its anthem at international <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> matches and uses "<a href="/wiki/Londonderry_Air" title="Londonderry Air">Danny Boy/Londonderry Air</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>.</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>, a Crown dependency, uses "God Save the King" as a Royal anthem, but also has its own local anthem, <a href="/wiki/Arrane_Ashoonagh_Vannin" title="Arrane Ashoonagh Vannin">"O Land of Our Birth"</a> (Manx: "<i>O Halloo Nyn Ghooie</i>"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the United States has "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>" as its official national anthem, all except two of its constituent states and territories also have their own regional anthem (referred to by most US states as a "<a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">state song</a>"), along with <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, DC</a>. The two exceptions are <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, which has never had an official state song,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, which rescinded "<a href="/wiki/Maryland,_My_Maryland" title="Maryland, My Maryland">Maryland, My Maryland</a>" in 2021 due to its racist language and has yet to adopt a replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The state songs are selected by each <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">state legislature</a>, and/or state governor, as a symbol (or emblem) of that particular US state. </p><p>Some US states have more than one official state song, and may refer to some of their official songs by other names; for example, <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> officially has two state songs, plus a state anthem, and a state historical song. <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> has the most state songs, with 12 official state songs and an official bicentennial <a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rap</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> has a song that was written specifically as a state anthem in 1915, as well as the 1981 country hit "Arizona", which it adopted as the alternate state anthem in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-RJo_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RJo-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two individuals, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Stephen Foster</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Denver" title="John Denver">John Denver</a>, have written or co-written two state songs. Foster's two state songs, "<a href="/wiki/Old_Folks_at_Home" title="Old Folks at Home">Old Folks at Home</a>" (better known as "Swanee Ribber" or "Suwannee River"), adopted by Florida, and "<a href="/wiki/My_Old_Kentucky_Home" title="My Old Kentucky Home">My Old Kentucky Home</a>" are among the best-known songs in the US On March 12, 2007, the Colorado Senate passed a resolution to make Denver's trademark 1972 hit "<a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_High" title="Rocky Mountain High">Rocky Mountain High</a>" one of the state's two official state songs, sharing duties with its predecessor, "Where the Columbines Grow".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 7, 2014, the West Virginia Legislature approved a resolution to make Denver's "<a href="/wiki/Take_Me_Home,_Country_Roads" title="Take Me Home, Country Roads">Take Me Home, Country Roads</a>" one of four official state songs of West Virginia. Governor Earl Ray Tomblin signed the resolution into law on March 8, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a> wrote or co-wrote two state <i>folk songs</i> – <a href="/wiki/Roll_On,_Columbia,_Roll_On" title="Roll On, Columbia, Roll On">Roll On, Columbia, Roll On</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Hills" title="Oklahoma Hills">Oklahoma Hills</a> – but they have separate status from the official state <i>songs</i> of Washington and Oklahoma, respectively. Other well-known state songs include "<a href="/wiki/Yankee_Doodle" title="Yankee Doodle">Yankee Doodle</a>", "<a href="/wiki/You_Are_My_Sunshine" title="You Are My Sunshine">You Are My Sunshine</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Rocky_Top" title="Rocky Top">Rocky Top</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Home_on_the_Range" title="Home on the Range">Home on the Range</a>"; a number of others are popular standards, including "<a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_(Rodgers_and_Hammerstein_song)" title="Oklahoma (Rodgers and Hammerstein song)">Oklahoma</a>" (from the <a href="/wiki/Rodgers_and_Hammerstein" title="Rodgers and Hammerstein">Rodgers and Hammerstein</a> musical), <a href="/wiki/Hoagy_Carmichael" title="Hoagy Carmichael">Hoagy Carmichael</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Georgia_on_My_Mind" title="Georgia on My Mind">Georgia on My Mind</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Waltz" title="Tennessee Waltz">Tennessee Waltz</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Missouri_Waltz" title="Missouri Waltz">Missouri Waltz</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away" title="On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away">On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away</a>". Many of the others are much less well-known, especially outside the state. </p><p><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> has no official state song, while <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>'s previous state song, "<a href="/wiki/Carry_Me_Back_to_Old_Virginny" title="Carry Me Back to Old Virginny">Carry Me Back to Old Virginny</a>", adopted in 1940,<sup id="cite_ref-RJo_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RJo-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was later rescinded in 1997 due to its racist language by the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_General_Assembly" title="Virginia General Assembly">Virginia General Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VA_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VA-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, "<a href="/wiki/Our_Great_Virginia" title="Our Great Virginia">Our Great Virginia</a>" was made the new state song of Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-Patch_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patch-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iowa ("<a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Iowa" title="The Song of Iowa">The Song of Iowa</a>") uses the tune from the song "<a href="/wiki/O_Tannenbaum" title="O Tannenbaum">O Tannenbaum</a>" as the melody to its official state song.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Yugoslavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, each of the country's constituent states (except for <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>) had the right to have its own anthem, but only the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Croatian</a> one actually did so initially, later joined by the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">Slovene</a> one on the brink of the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup of Yugoslavia</a>. Before 1989, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Socialist Republic of Macedonia">Macedonia</a> did not officially use a regional anthem, even though one was proclaimed during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist_Assembly_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Macedonia" title="Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia">Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia</a> (ASNOM). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_organizations">International organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: International organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"International anthem" redirects here. For the American record label, see <a href="/wiki/International_Anthem_Recording_Company" title="International Anthem Recording Company">International Anthem Recording Company</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anthems_of_international_organizations" title="Anthems of international organizations">Anthems of international organizations</a></div> <p>Larger entities also sometimes have anthems, in some cases known as 'international anthems'. <i>Lullaby</i> is the official anthem of <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> composed by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Barakatt" title="Steve Barakatt">Steve Barakatt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a>" is the organizational anthem of various <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> movements. Before March 1944, it was also the anthem of the Soviet Union and the <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a>. <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="ASEAN Way">ASEAN Way</a> is the official anthem of <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a>. The tune of the "<a href="/wiki/Ode_to_Joy" title="Ode to Joy">Ode to Joy</a>" from <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)">Beethoven's Symphony No. 9</a> is the official <a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Europe" title="Anthem of Europe">anthem of the European Union</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>. Let's All Unite and Celebrate is the official anthem of the African Union<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("<a href="/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together" title="Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together">Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together</a>"). </p><p>The Olympic Movement also has its own <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Hymn" title="Olympic Hymn">organizational anthem</a>. <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> speakers at meetings often use the song "<a href="/wiki/La_Espero" title="La Espero">La Espero</a>" as their linguistic anthem. The first <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian Anthem">South Asian Anthem</a> by poet-diplomat <a href="/wiki/Abhay_K" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhay K">Abhay K</a> may inspire <a href="/wiki/SAARC" class="mw-redirect" title="SAARC">SAARC</a> to come up with an official <a href="/wiki/SAARC_Anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="SAARC Anthem">SAARC Anthem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Ireland%27s_Call" title="Ireland's Call">Ireland's Call</a>" was commissioned as the sporting anthem of both the <a href="/wiki/Ireland_national_rugby_union_team" title="Ireland national rugby union team">Ireland national rugby union team</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ireland_national_rugby_league_team" title="Ireland national rugby league team">Ireland national rugby league team</a>, which are composed of players from both jurisdictions on the island of Ireland, in response to dissatisfaction among Northern Ireland <a href="/wiki/Ulster_unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster unionism">unionists</a> with the use of the <a href="/wiki/Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann" title="Amhrán na bhFiann">Irish national anthem</a>. "Ireland's Call" has since been used by some other all-island bodies. </p><p>An international anthem also unifies a group of organizations sharing the same appellation such as the International Anthem of the Royal Golf Clubs composed by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Barakatt" title="Steve Barakatt">Steve Barakatt</a>. Same applies to the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the prelude of <a href="/wiki/Te_Deum_(Charpentier)" title="Te Deum (Charpentier)">Te Deum in D Major</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a> is played before each official <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_(network)" title="Eurovision (network)">Eurovision</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euroradio" class="mw-redirect" title="Euroradio">Euroradio</a> broadcast. The prelude's first bars are heavily associated with the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_anthem">Global anthem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Global anthem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Earth_anthem" title="Earth anthem">Earth anthem</a></div> <p>Various artists have created "<a href="/wiki/Earth_anthem" title="Earth anthem">Earth anthems</a>" for the entire planet, typically extolling the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Planetary_consciousness" title="Planetary consciousness">planetary consciousness</a>. Though <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> have praised the idea of a global anthem,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> has never adopted an official song. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/15px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/20px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_anthems" title="List of national anthems">List of national anthems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">Motet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_anthem" title="Stadium anthem">Stadium anthems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse_anthem" title="Verse anthem">Verse anthem</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Translates from German as "The Song of the Germans".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Translates from German as "God save Emperor Francis".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russian: <i>Государственный гимн СССР</i>; transliterated as <i>Gosudarstvenniy Gimn SSSR</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/anthem">Anthem (Greek antiphōna: "against voice"; Old English antefn: "antiphon")</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Retrieved 8 October 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEB1878"><i>EB</i> (1878)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEB1911"><i>EB</i> (1911)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWestern_Massachusetts_Sacred_Harp_Convention_–_Topic2015" class="citation web cs1">Western Massachusetts Sacred Harp Convention – Topic (11 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhQIKXmsohA">"Claremont"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211122/WhQIKXmsohA">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-22 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Claremont&rft.date=2015-10-11&rft.au=Western+Massachusetts+Sacred+Harp+Convention+%E2%80%93+Topic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DWhQIKXmsohA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFjsalzer2622015" class="citation web cs1">jsalzer262 (10 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nccHbHJaGLg">"236 Easter Anthem Sacred Harp"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211122/nccHbHJaGLg">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-22 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=236+Easter+Anthem+Sacred+Harp&rft.date=2015-05-10&rft.au=jsalzer262&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DnccHbHJaGLg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthem" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibleodyssey.org/articles/the-anthem-in-reformation-england/">"The Anthem in Reformation England"</a>. <i>Bible Odyssey</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Odyssey&rft.atitle=The+Anthem+in+Reformation+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibleodyssey.org%2Farticles%2Fthe-anthem-in-reformation-england%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GrandOldFlag-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GrandOldFlag_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-G-3wIV-ehE">"Morning Colors Ceremony Camp Pendleton 2-1-12"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+State+Song&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netstate.com%2Fstates%2Fsymb%2Fsong%2Fco_rocky_mountain_high.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/song/co_rocky_mountain_high.htm">"Colorado State Song Rocky Mountain High composed by John Denver"</a>. <i>www.netstate.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.netstate.com&rft.atitle=Colorado+State+Song+Rocky+Mountain+High+composed+by+John+Denver&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netstate.com%2Fstates%2Fsymb%2Fsong%2Fco_rocky_mountain_high.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VA-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VA_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429004929/http://www.virginiastatesong.com/">"Official State Song of the Commonwealth of Virginia"</a>. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virginiastatesong.com/">the original</a> on 2007-04-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+State+Song+of+the+Commonwealth+of+Virginia&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virginiastatesong.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patch-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Patch_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patch.com/virginia/fairfaxcity/listen-virginia-now-has-2-state-songs">"Listen: Virginia Now Has 2 State Songs"</a>. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listen%3A+Virginia+Now+Has+2+State+Songs&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpatch.com%2Fvirginia%2Ffairfaxcity%2Flisten-virginia-now-has-2-state-songs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/editorial/bs-ed-state-song-20160315-story.html">"Maryland, my meh song"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613191722/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/editorial/bs-ed-state-song-20160315-story.html">Archived</a> 2018-06-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a></i>, Baltimore, 15 March 2016. Retrieved on 05 June 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/canada_51822.html">A musical call to action: ‘Lullaby: The UNICEF Anthem’</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513114138/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/canada_51822.html">Archived</a> 2021-05-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> UNICEF Website, 19 November 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20symbols/ausymblos.htm">AU Symbols</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050304021240/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20symbols/ausymblos.htm">Archived</a> 2005-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aninews.in/newsdetail4/story142658/indian-poet-diplomat-pens-s-asian-anthem-after-earth-anthem-success.html">Indian poet-diplomat pens S.Asian anthem after Earth anthem success</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203054546/http://aninews.in/newsdetail4/story142658/indian-poet-diplomat-pens-s-asian-anthem-after-earth-anthem-success.html">Archived</a> 2013-12-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ANI, 27 November 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-anthem-contest-for-ebu-70th-anniversary">"Eurovision anthem contest for EBU's 70th anniversary"</a>. <i>eurovision.tv</i>. 2020-02-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eurovision.tv&rft.atitle=Eurovision+anthem+contest+for+EBU%27s+70th+anniversary&rft.date=2020-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Feurovision-anthem-contest-for-ebu-70th-anniversary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/unesco-finds-indian-poet-diplomat-s-idea-of-an-earth-anthem-inspiring-114022700403_1.html">UNESCO finds Indian poet-diplomat's idea of an Earth Anthem inspiring</a> Business Standard, 27 February 2014</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEB1878" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2">Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Anthem"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Anthem">"Anthem" </a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 2 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 102</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anthem&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=102&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthem" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEB1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Anthem"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Anthem">"Anthem" </a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 2 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 93</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anthem&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=93&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthem" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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