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<li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Country" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Country" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definition_of_a_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition_of_a_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Definition of a country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition_of_a_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statehood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statehood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Statehood</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Statehood-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Statehood subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Statehood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Identification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Identification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_anthems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_anthems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>National anthems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_anthems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Other symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patriotism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patriotism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Patriotism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patriotism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Country</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 170 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-170" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">170 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land" title="Land – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Land" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="देश – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="देश" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF" title="بلد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs" title="País – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="País" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payis" title="Payis – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Payis" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6" title="দেশ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দেশ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs" title="País – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="País" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jach%27a_marka" title="Jach'a marka – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jach'a marka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96lk%C9%99" title="Ölkə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ölkə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%87" title="اؤلکه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اؤلکه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6" title="দেশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দেশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kok-ka" title="Kok-ka – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kok-ka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB" title="Ил – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ил" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Краіна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Краіна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Краіна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Краіна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="देश – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="देश" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banwa" title="Banwa – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Banwa" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaontri" title="Kaontri – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kaontri" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Страна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Страна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemlja_(dr%C5%BEava)" title="Zemlja (država) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zemlja (država)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro" title="Bro – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bro" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs" title="País – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="País" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Çĕршыв – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕршыв" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasod" title="Nasod – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nasod" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1tn%C3%AD_%C3%BAzem%C3%AD" title="Státní území – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Státní území" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paesi" title="Paesi – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Paesi" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwlad" title="Gwlad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwlad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land" title="Land – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Land" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_(Geographie)" title="Land (Geographie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Land (Geographie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="देश – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="देश" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A6%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A2" title="འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དག་གི་མིང་རྫོང་དབྱིན་རྒྱ་གསུམ་ཤན་བསྦྱར – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དག་གི་མིང་རྫོང་དབྱིན་རྒྱ་གསུམ་ཤན་བསྦྱར" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa_(piirkond)" title="Maa (piirkond) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maa (piirkond)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Χώρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χώρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs" title="País – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="País" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lando" title="Lando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs" title="País – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="País" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herrialde" title="Herrialde – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Herrialde" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1" title="کشور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کشور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des" title="Des – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Des" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pays" title="Pays – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pays" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2n" title="Lân – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87heer" title="Çheer – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çheer" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B9thaich" title="Dùthaich – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dùthaich" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs" title="País – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="País" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BA" title="Mохк – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Mохк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="國家 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="國家" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6" title="દેશ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="દેશ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koet-k%C3%A2" title="Koet-kâ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Koet-kâ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="나라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98asa,_yanki" title="Ƙasa, yanki – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƙasa, yanki" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaumoku%CA%BB%C4%81ina" title="Kaumokuʻāina – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kaumokuʻāina" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80_(%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84)" title="Երկիր (տարածք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկիր (տարածք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="देश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="देश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemlja_(geografski_pojam)" title="Zemlja (geografski pojam) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zemlja (geografski pojam)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lando" title="Lando – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lando" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagilian" title="Pagilian – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagilian" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_(%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE)" title="দেশ (তালিকা) – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="দেশ (তালিকা)" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara" title="Negara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pais" title="Pais – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pais" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land" title="Land – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Land" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuna" title="Nuna – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nuna" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land" title="Land – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Land" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paese_(geografia)" title="Paese (geografia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paese (geografia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5_(%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ארץ (גאוגרפיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארץ (גאוגרפיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6" title="ದೇಶ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದೇಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ქვეყანა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქვეყანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%D9%84%D9%8F%DA%A9" title="مُلُک – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مُلُک" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB" title="Ел – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ел" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow" title="Pow – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nchi" title="Nchi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nchi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyi" title="Peyi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Peyi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9yi" title="Péyi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Péyi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welat" title="Welat – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Welat" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%A9" title="Өлкө – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Өлкө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paiz" title="Paiz – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Paiz" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94" title="ປະເທດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagus" title="Pagus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pagus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeme_(teritorija)" title="Zeme (teritorija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zeme (teritorija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Уьлкве – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Уьлкве" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0alis" title="Šalis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šalis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landj_(geografie)" title="Landj (geografie) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Landj (geografie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es%C3%A9" title="Esé – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Esé" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/gugde" title="gugde – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="gugde" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsz%C3%A1g" title="Ország – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firenena" title="Firenena – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Firenena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajji%C5%BC" title="Pajjiż – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Pajjiż" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="देश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="देश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ქიანა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქიანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%82%E1%80%AE%E1%80%AF" title="ရးနိဂီု – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ရးနိဂီု" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C" title="لزمی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لزمی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_(geografi)" title="Negara (geografi) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negara (geografi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagara" title="Nagara – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Nagara" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%B3k-g%C4%83" title="Guók-gă – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Guók-gă" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%AD%C3%A7" title="Paíç – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Paíç" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA" title="တိုင်းပြည် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တိုင်းပြည်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matanitu" title="Matanitu – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Matanitu" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_(geografie)" title="Land (geografie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Land (geografie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="देश – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="देश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="देय् – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="देय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD" title="国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BA" title="Мохк – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мохк" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuntrii" title="Kuntrii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kuntrii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land" title="Land – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Land" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pays" title="Pays – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pays" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs" title="País – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="País" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Эл – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Эл" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamlakat" title="Mamlakat – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mamlakat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਦੇਸ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੇਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="देशा – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="देशा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="دیس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دیس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pais" title="Pais – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Pais" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="هیواد – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هیواد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konchri" title="Konchri – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Konchri" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F" title="ប្រទេស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រទេស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land" title="Land – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Land" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraj_(pa%C5%84stwo)" title="Kraj (państwo) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kraj (państwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs" title="País – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="País" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%9Aar%C4%83" title="Țară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Țară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Them" title="Them – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Them" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyu_(mamallaqta)" title="Suyu (mamallaqta) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Suyu (mamallaqta)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Країна – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Країна" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Страна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Страна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Дойду – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дойду" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atunu%27u" title="Atunu'u – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Atunu'u" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kintra" title="Kintra – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kintra" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alang" title="Alang – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Alang" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naha" title="Naha – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Naha" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naga" title="Naga – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Naga" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendi" title="Vendi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vendi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A7" title="රට – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රට" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country" title="Country – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Country" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%AA" title="ملڪ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ملڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C5%BEela" title="Dežela – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dežela" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadan" title="Wadan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Wadan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="وڵات – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وڵات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondre" title="Kondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Kondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Земља (геополитика) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Земља (геополитика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemlja_(geografski_pojam)" title="Zemlja (geografski pojam) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zemlja (geografski pojam)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagri" title="Nagri – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nagri" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa_(alue)" title="Maa (alue) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maa (alue)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land" title="Land – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Land" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bansa" title="Bansa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bansa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="நாடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB" title="Ил – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ил" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/qalang_(Koka)" title="qalang (Koka) – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="qalang (Koka)" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82" title="దేశం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="దేశం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="ประเทศ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%83%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD" title="ሃገር – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሃገር" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кишвар – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кишвар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Clke" title="Ülke – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ülke" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шаер – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Шаер" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Країна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Країна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9" title="ملک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%84%DB%95%D8%AA" title="دۆلەت – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دۆلەت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guekgya" title="Guekgya – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Guekgya" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge, good article badge"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%A9ze" title="Paéze – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Paéze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia" title="Quốc gia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc gia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4n" title="Län – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Län" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa" title="Maa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Maa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasud" title="Nasud – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nasud" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="國家 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="國家" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="לאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%C3%A8d%C3%A8" title="Orílẹ̀-èdè – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Orílẹ̀-èdè" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%A6" title="邦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="国家 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="国家" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara" title="Negara – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Negara" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menua" title="Menua – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Menua" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C5%A1v%C9%99r" title="Kišvər – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kišvər" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6256#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Distinct territorial body or political entity</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">County</a>.</span> <span>For countryside, see <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">Rural area</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Country_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Country (disambiguation)">Country (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Map_(political).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_%28political%29.svg/290px-World_Map_%28political%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_%28political%29.svg/435px-World_Map_%28political%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_%28political%29.svg/580px-World_Map_%28political%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="975" /></a><figcaption>The marked territories on this global map are mostly of countries which are <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a> with full international recognition (brackets denote the country of a marked territory that is not a sovereign state). Some territories are countries in their own right but are <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">not recognized as such</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>), and some few marked territories are <a href="/wiki/List_of_territorial_disputes" title="List of territorial disputes">disputed</a> about which country they belong to (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>) or if they are countries in their own right (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> (territory) or <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">the state known by the same name</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>country</b> is a distinct part of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">world</a>, such as a <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a>, or other <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">political entity</a>. When referring to a specific polity, the term "country" may refer to a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_(disambiguation)#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-disambig" title="Country (disambiguation)">constituent country</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fowler_Bunck_1996_pp._381–404_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fowler_Bunck_1996_pp._381–404-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_1945_w673_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_1945_w673-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-academic.oup.com_i784_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academic.oup.com_i784-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most sovereign states, but not all countries, are members of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_z997_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_z997-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no universal agreement on the number of "countries" in the world since several states have disputed sovereignty status, limited recognition and a number of non-sovereign entities are commonly considered countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Seguin_2011_f032_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seguin_2011_f032-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_z997_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_z997-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The definition and usage of the word "country" are flexible and have changed over time. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> wrote in 2010 that "any attempt to find a clear definition of a country soon runs into a thicket of exceptions and anomalies."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Areas much smaller than a political entity may be referred to as a "country", such as the <a href="/wiki/West_Country" title="West Country">West Country</a> in England, "big sky country" (used in various contexts of the <a href="/wiki/American_West" class="mw-redirect" title="American West">American West</a>), "coal country" (used to describe <a href="/wiki/Coal-mining_region" title="Coal-mining region">coal-mining regions</a>), or simply "the country" (used to describe a <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural area</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-oed_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_2024_u184_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merriam-Webster_2024_u184-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "country" is also used as a qualifier descriptively, such as <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rural_lifestyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural lifestyle">country living</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_Dictionary_2024_t399_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_Dictionary_2024_t399-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The word <i>country</i> comes from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">contrée</i></span>, which derives from <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">terra</i></span>) <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">contrata</i></span> ("(land) lying opposite"; "(land) spread before"), derived from <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">contra</i></span> ("against, opposite"). It most likely entered the English language after the <a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman invasion of England">Franco-Norman invasion</a> during the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The current source is tertiary (February 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_of_a_country">Definition of a country</h2></div> <p>In English the word has increasingly become associated with political divisions, so that one sense, associated with the <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Indefinite article">indefinite article</a> – "a country" – is now frequently applied as a synonym for a state or a former sovereign state. It may also be used as a synonym for "nation". Taking as examples <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, cultural anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Geertz" title="Clifford Geertz">Clifford Geertz</a> wrote in 1997 that "it is clear that the relationships between 'country' and 'nation' are so different from one [place] to the next as to be impossible to fold into a dichotomous opposition as they are into a promiscuous fusion."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Areas much smaller than a political state may be referred to as countries, such as the <a href="/wiki/West_Country" title="West Country">West Country</a> in England, "big sky country" (used in various contexts of the <a href="/wiki/American_West" class="mw-redirect" title="American West">American West</a>), "coal country" (used to describe <a href="/wiki/Coal-mining_region" title="Coal-mining region">coal-mining regions</a> in several sovereign states) and many other terms.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "country" is also used for the sense of <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_title" title="Aboriginal title">native sovereign territory</a>, such as the widespread use of <a href="/wiki/Indian_country" title="Indian country">Indian country</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "country" in English may also be wielded to describe <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural areas</a>, or used in the form "countryside." <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Raymond Williams</a>, a Welsh scholar, wrote in 1975:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>'Country' and 'city' are very powerful words, and this is not surprising when we remember how much they seem to stand for in the experience of human communities. In English, 'country' is both a nation and a part of a 'land'; 'the country' can be the whole society or its rural area. In the long history of human settlements, this connection between the land from which directly or indirectly we all get our living and the achievements of human society has been deeply known.</p></blockquote> <p>The unclear definition of "country" in modern English was further commented upon by philosopher Simon Keller:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Often, a country is presumed to be identical with a collection of citizens. Sometimes, people say that a country is a project, or an idea, or an ideal. Occasionally, philosophers entertain more metaphysically ambitious pictures, suggesting that a country is an organic entity with its own independent life and character, or that a country is an autonomous agent, just like you or me. Such claims are rarely explained or defended, however, and it is not clear how they should be assessed. We attribute so many different kinds of properties to countries, speaking as though a country can feature wheat fields waving or be girt by sea, can have a founding date and be democratic and free, can be English speaking, culturally diverse, war torn or Islamic.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>New Waves In Political Philosophy</i>, "Making Nonsense of Loyalty to Country", page 96</cite></div></blockquote><p><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Lucashenko" title="Melissa Lucashenko">Melissa Lucashenko</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australian</a> writer, expressed the difficulty of defining "country" in a 2005 essay, "Unsettlement":<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...What is this thing country? What does country mean? ... I spoke with others who said country meant Home, but who added the caveat that Home resided in people rather than places – a kind of portable Country... I tried to tease out some ways in which non-Indigenous people have understood country. I made categories: Country as Economy. Country as Geography. Country as Society. Country as Myth. Country as History. For all that I walked, slept, breathed and dreamed Country, the language still would not come.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statehood">Statehood</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">List of sovereign states</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_continent" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent">List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">List of states with limited recognition</a></div> <p>When referring to a specific polity, the term "country" may refer to a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_(disambiguation)#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-disambig" title="Country (disambiguation)">constituent country</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fowler_Bunck_1996_pp._381–404_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fowler_Bunck_1996_pp._381–404-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_1945_w673_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_1945_w673-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-academic.oup.com_i784_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academic.oup.com_i784-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sovereign state is a <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">political entity</a> that has supreme legitimate authority over a part of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no universal agreement on the number of "countries" in the world since several states have disputed sovereignty status, and a number of non-sovereign entities are commonly called countries.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_z997_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_z997-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seguin_2011_f032_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seguin_2011_f032-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No definition is binding on all the members of the community of nations on the criteria for statehood.<sup id="cite_ref-Bedjaoui_1991_p._47_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bedjaoui_1991_p._47-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seguin_2011_f032_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seguin_2011_f032-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State practice relating to the recognition of a country typically falls somewhere between the <i>declaratory</i> and <i>constitutive</i> approaches.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_1961_p._1127_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen_1961_p._1127-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kelsen_1941_pp._605–617_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelsen_1941_pp._605–617-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lauterpacht_1944_pp._385–458_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lauterpacht_1944_pp._385–458-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anon._x863_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anon._x863-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, a government not under another, and the capacity to interact with other states.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowe_2015_pp._1–18_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowe_2015_pp._1–18-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limited_Recognition_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Limited_Recognition_States.svg/290px-Limited_Recognition_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Limited_Recognition_States.svg/435px-Limited_Recognition_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Limited_Recognition_States.svg/580px-Limited_Recognition_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C74355; color:white;"> </span> UN member states that at least one other UN member state does not recognise</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F8CD44; color:black;"> </span> Non-UN member states recognised by at least one UN member state</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#246788; color:white;"> </span> Non-UN member states recognised only by other non-UN member states</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state#Declarative_theory" title="Sovereign state">declarative theory</a> outlined in the <a href="/wiki/Montevideo_Convention#Contents_of_the_convention" title="Montevideo Convention">1933 Montevideo Convention</a> describes a state in <i>Article 1</i> as:<sup id="cite_ref-Anon._e743_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anon._e743-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1999_f033_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1999_f033-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Having a permanent population</li> <li>Having a defined territory</li> <li>Having a government</li> <li>Having the ability to enter into <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">relations with other states</a></li></ol> <p>The Montevideo Convention in <i>Article 3</i> implies that a sovereign state can still be a sovereign state even if no other countries recognise that it exists.<sup id="cite_ref-Anon._e743_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anon._e743-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caspersen_Stansfield_2012_p._55_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caspersen_Stansfield_2012_p._55-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a restatement of <a href="/wiki/Customary_international_law" title="Customary international law">customary international law</a>, the Montevideo Convention merely codified existing legal norms and its principles,<sup id="cite_ref-D’Aspremont_2019_pp._139–152_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D’Aspremont_2019_pp._139–152-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and therefore does not apply merely to the signatories of international organizations (such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Seguin_2011_f032_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seguin_2011_f032-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_2007_p._29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford_2007_p.-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1999_f033_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1999_f033-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but to all subjects of international law as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar opinion has been expressed by the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reiterated by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, in the principal statement of its <a href="/wiki/Badinter_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Badinter Committee">Badinter Committee</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by Judge <i><a href="/wiki/Challis_Professorship" title="Challis Professorship">Challis Professor</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/James_Crawford_(jurist)" title="James Crawford (jurist)">James Crawford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_2007_p._29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford_2007_p.-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state#Constitutive_theory" title="Sovereign state">constitutive theory</a> a state is a legal entity of international law if, and only if, it is recognised as sovereign by at least one other country.<sup id="cite_ref-academic.oup.com_s696_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academic.oup.com_s696-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this, new states could not immediately become part of the international community or be bound by international law, and recognised nations did not have to respect international law in their dealings with them.<sup id="cite_ref-ctos_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctos-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1912, <a href="/wiki/L._F._L._Oppenheim" title="L. F. L. Oppenheim">L. F. L. Oppenheim</a> said the following, regarding constitutive theory: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>International Law does not say that a State is not in existence as long as it is not recognised, but it takes no notice of it before its recognition. Through recognition only and exclusively a State becomes an International Person and a subject of International Law.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1976 the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a> define state recognition as:<sup id="cite_ref-Talmon_1998_p._186_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talmon_1998_p._186-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>..the recognition of an independent and sovereign state is an act of sovereignty pertaining each member of the international community, an act to be taken individually, and it is, therefore, up to member states and each OAU power [to decide] whether to recognise or not the newly independent state.</p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dependent_territories.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Dependent_territories.svg/290px-Dependent_territories.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Dependent_territories.svg/435px-Dependent_territories.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Dependent_territories.svg/580px-Dependent_territories.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Dependent territories and their sovereign states. All territories are labeled according to <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-2">ISO 3166-1</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or with numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colored areas without labels are integral parts of their respective countries. <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> is shown as a <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">condominium</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" title="Territorial claims in Antarctica">individual claims</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> have disputed sovereignty and/or limited recognition among some countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Kyris_2022_pp._287–311_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kyris_2022_pp._287–311-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Allcock_Lampe_Young_1998_q703_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allcock_Lampe_Young_1998_q703-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sovereign states are unions of separate polities, each of which may also be considered a country in its own right, called constituent countries. The <a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Danish Realm</a> consists of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark proper</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> consists of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands proper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-den_Heijer_van_der_Wilt_2022_p._362_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den_Heijer_van_der_Wilt_2022_p._362-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> consists of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnett_2023_p._93_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnett_2023_p._93-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dependent territories are the territories of a sovereign state that are outside of its proper territory. These include the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division#New_Zealand_overseas_territories" title="Autonomous administrative division">overseas territories of New Zealand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dependencies_of_Norway" title="Dependencies of Norway">dependencies of Norway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territories of the United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">external territories of Australia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative regions of China</a>, the autonomous regions of the Danish Realm, <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a>. Some dependent territories are treated as a separate "<a href="/wiki/Country_of_origin" title="Country of origin">country of origin</a>" in international trade,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-International_Trade_Administration_2019_r527_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Trade_Administration_2019_r527-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identification">Identification</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">National symbol</a></div> <p>Symbols of a country may incorporate <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religious</a> or <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">political</a> symbols of any nation that the country includes. Many categories of symbols can be seen in flags, coats of arms, or seals.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_x692_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_x692-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name">Name</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_country-name_etymologies" title="List of country-name etymologies">List of country-name etymologies</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceania_without_Asian_country_codes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of Pacific Island countries identified by their two-letter ISO country codes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Oceania_without_Asian_country_codes.jpg/290px-Oceania_without_Asian_country_codes.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Oceania_without_Asian_country_codes.jpg/435px-Oceania_without_Asian_country_codes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Oceania_without_Asian_country_codes.jpg/580px-Oceania_without_Asian_country_codes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>A number of non-sovereign entities nevertheless have country codes, such as PF (<a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>) and TK (<a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Most countries have a long name and a short name.<sup id="cite_ref-United_States_Department_of_State_2024_e471_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_States_Department_of_State_2024_e471-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The long name is typically used in formal contexts and often describes the country's form of government. The short name is the country's common name by which it is typically identified.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> maintains a <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_3166_country_codes" title="List of ISO 3166 country codes">list of country codes</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166</a> to designate each country with a two-letter <a href="/wiki/Country_code" title="Country code">country code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of a country can hold cultural and diplomatic significance. <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Upper_Volta" title="Republic of Upper Volta">Upper Volta</a> changed its name to <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> to reflect the end of French colonization, and the name of <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> was <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">disputed</a> for years due to a conflict with the similarly named <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Macedonia (Greece)">Macedonia</a> region in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ISO 3166-1 standard currently comprises 249 countries, 193 of which are sovereign states that are members of the United Nations.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics_Canada_2018_b784_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics_Canada_2018_b784-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flags">Flags</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">National flag</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_flags_of_sovereign_states" title="List of national flags of sovereign states">List of national flags of sovereign states</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_map_of_the_world_(2009_version).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map showing the flags of the world, in equirectangular projection. The countries shown are the members of the United Nations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_map_of_the_world_%282009_version%29.svg/290px-Flag_map_of_the_world_%282009_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_map_of_the_world_%282009_version%29.svg/435px-Flag_map_of_the_world_%282009_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_map_of_the_world_%282009_version%29.svg/580px-Flag_map_of_the_world_%282009_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the flags of the world. The countries shown are the members of the United Nations. </figcaption></figure> <p>Originally, flags representing a country would generally be the personal flag of its rulers; however, over time, the practice of using personal banners as flags of places was abandoned in favor of flags that had some significance to the nation, often its patron saint. Early examples of these were the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">maritime republics</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a> which could be said to have a national flag as early as the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarraclough19717–8_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarraclough19717–8-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these were still mostly used in the context of marine identification.<sup id="cite_ref-Devereux_1994_p._62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devereux_1994_p.-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although some flags date back earlier, widespread use of flags outside of military or naval context begins only with the rise of the idea of the <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation state</a> at the end of the 18th century and particularly are a product of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Revolution" title="Age of Revolution">Age of Revolution</a>. Revolutions such as those in <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">America</a> called for people to begin thinking of themselves as <a href="/wiki/Citizens" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizens">citizens</a> as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Commoner" title="Commoner">subjects</a> under a king, and thus necessitated flags that represented the collective citizenry, not just the power and right of a ruling family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENadler2016_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENadler2016-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInglefieldMould197948_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInglefieldMould197948-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> becoming common across Europe in the 19th century, national flags came to represent most of the states of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENadler2016_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENadler2016-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flags also began fostering a sense of unity between different peoples, such as the <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a> representing a union between <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, or began to represent unity between nations in a perceived shared struggle, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_colors" title="Pan-Slavic colors">Pan-Slavic colors</a> or later <a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" title="Pan-Arab colors">Pan-Arab colors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartlett201131_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartlett201131-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Europeans <a href="/wiki/Colonized" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonized">colonized</a> significant portions of the world, they exported ideas of nationhood and national symbols, including flags, with the adoption of a flag becoming seen as integral to the <a href="/wiki/Nation-building" title="Nation-building">nation-building</a> process.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirmani1999169_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirmani1999169-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political change, social reform, and revolutions combined with a growing sense of nationhood among ordinary people in the 19th and 20th centuries led to the birth of new nations and flags around the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInglefieldMould197950_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInglefieldMould197950-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With so many flags being created, interest in these designs began to develop and the study of flags, <a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">vexillology</a>, at both professional and amateur levels, emerged. After World War II, Western vexillology went through a phase of rapid development, with many research facilities and publications being established.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXing20132_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEXing20132-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_anthems">National anthems</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">National anthem</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_anthems" title="List of national anthems">List of national anthems</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Handschrift_Brussel_p-37-38.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Handschrift_Brussel_p-37-38.jpg/220px-Handschrift_Brussel_p-37-38.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Handschrift_Brussel_p-37-38.jpg/330px-Handschrift_Brussel_p-37-38.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Handschrift_Brussel_p-37-38.jpg/440px-Handschrift_Brussel_p-37-38.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3525" data-file-height="2925" /></a><figcaption>Early version of the "Wilhelmus" as preserved in a manuscript of 1617 (Brussels, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Library_of_Belgium" title="Royal Library of Belgium">Royal Library</a>, MS 15662, fol. 37v-38r)<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A national anthem is a <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">musical composition</a> symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the custom of an officially adopted national anthem became popular only in the 19th century, some national anthems predate this period, often existing as patriotic songs long before designation as national anthem.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Several countries remain without an official national anthem. In these cases, there are established <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> anthems played at sporting events or diplomatic receptions. These include the United Kingdom ("<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>") and Sweden (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Du_gamla,_Du_fria" class="mw-redirect" title="Du gamla, Du fria">Du gamla, Du fria</a></i></span>). Some sovereign states that are made up of multiple countries or constituencies have associated musical compositions for each of them (such as with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>). These are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states (for example, "<a href="/wiki/Hen_Wlad_Fy_Nhadau" title="Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau">Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau</a>" is used for Wales, part of the United Kingdom).<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_2022_x303_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison_2022_x303-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_symbols">Other symbols</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_country_coats_of_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallery of country coats of arms">Coats of arms</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_emblem" title="National emblem">national emblems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">Seals or stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_motto" class="mw-redirect" title="National motto">National mottos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="National colors">National colors</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patriotism">Patriotism</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">Cultural nationalism</a></div> <p>A positive emotional connection to a country a person belongs to is called <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotism</a>. Patriotism is a sense of love for, devotion to, and sense of attachment to one's country. This attachment can be a combination of many different feelings, and language relating to one's homeland, including ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It encompasses a set of concepts closely related to <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>, mostly <a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">civic nationalism</a> and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">cultural nationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita_in_2020.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capita_in_2020.png/290px-Countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capita_in_2020.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capita_in_2020.png/435px-Countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capita_in_2020.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capita_in_2020.png/580px-Countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capita_in_2020.png 2x" data-file-width="5990" data-file-height="2740" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a> per capita of 213 "countries" (2020) (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">Purchasing power parity</a> – <a href="/wiki/International_dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="International dollars">international dollars</a>) <br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4b0049; color:white;"> </span> >50,000</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#680063; color:white;"> </span> 35,000–50,000</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#814991; color:white;"> </span> 20,000–35,000</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8c6bb1; color:black;"> </span> 10,000–20,000</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8c96c6; color:black;"> </span> 5,000–10,000</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9ebcda; color:black;"> </span> 2,000–5,000</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#bfd3e6; color:black;"> </span> <2,000</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#999999; color:black;"> </span> Data unavailable</span></li></ul></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Several organizations seek to identify trends to produce economy country classifications. Countries are often distinguished as <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a> or <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed countries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paprotny_2020_pp._193–225_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paprotny_2020_pp._193–225-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a> annually produces the <i>World Economic Situation and Prospects Report</i> classifies states as developed countries, economies in transition, or developing countries. The report classifies country development based on per capita <a href="/wiki/Gross_national_income" title="Gross national income">gross national income</a> (GNI).<sup id="cite_ref-Nations_2020_k704_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nations_2020_k704-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UN identifies subgroups within broad categories based on geographical location or ad hoc criteria. The UN outlines the geographical regions for developing economies like Africa, East Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The 2019 report recognizes only developed countries in North America, Europe, Asia, and the Pacific. The majority of economies in transition and developing countries are found in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-UNCTAD_2023_e635_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNCTAD_2023_e635-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> also classifies countries based on GNI per capita. The <i>World Bank Atlas method</i> classifies countries as low-income economies, lower-middle-income economies, upper-middle-income economies, or high-income economies. For the 2020 fiscal year, the World Bank defines low-income economies as countries with a GNI per capita of $1,025 or less in 2018; lower-middle-income economies as countries with a GNI per capita between $1,026 and $3,995; upper-middle-income economies as countries with a GNI per capita between $3,996 and $12,375; high-income economies as countries with a GNI per capita of $12,376 or more..<sup id="cite_ref-World_Bank_Data_Help_Desk_2022_x420_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Bank_Data_Help_Desk_2022_x420-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It also identifies regional trends. The World Bank defines its regions as East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, North America, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Lastly, the World Bank distinguishes countries based on its operational policies. The three categories include <a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">International Development Association</a> (IDA) countries, <a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (IBRD) countries, and Blend countries.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Bank_Data_Help_Desk_2022_x420_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Bank_Data_Help_Desk_2022_x420-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_countries-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/31px-P_countries-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/47px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/62px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Countries" title="Portal:Countries">Countries portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/28px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/42px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, 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states and dependent territories by continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries" title="List of transcontinental countries">List of transcontinental countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronation" title="Micronation">Micronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-state" title="Quasi-state">Quasi-state</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Each territory in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</a> is labeled <b>UM-</b> followed by the first letter of its name and another unique letter if needed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The following territories do not have <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-2">ISO 3166-1</a> codes:<br /><b>1</b>: <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a><br /><b>2</b>: <a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a><br /><b>3</b>: <a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fowler_Bunck_1996_pp._381–404-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fowler_Bunck_1996_pp._381–404_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fowler_Bunck_1996_pp._381–404_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFowlerBunck1996" class="citation journal cs1">Fowler, Michael Ross; Bunck, Julie Marie (1996). "What constitutes the sovereign state?". <i>Review of International Studies</i>. <b>22</b> (4). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 381–404. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0260210500118637">10.1017/s0260210500118637</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0260-2105">0260-2105</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145809847">145809847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+International+Studies&rft.atitle=What+constitutes+the+sovereign+state%3F&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=381-404&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145809847%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0260-2105&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0260210500118637&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Michael+Ross&rft.au=Bunck%2C+Julie+Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_1945_w673-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_1945_w673_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-World_Population_by_Country_2024_(Live)_1945_w673_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-not-in-the-un">"Countries Not in the United Nations 2024"</a>. <i>World Population by Country 2024 (Live)</i>. 26 June 1945<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=What+makes+a+country%3F&rft.date=2011-07-29&rft.aulast=Seguin&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fwhat-makes-a-country%2Farticle595868%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/international/2010/04/08/in-quite-a-state">"In quite a state"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 8 April 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220824202226/https://www.economist.com/international/2010/04/08/in-quite-a-state">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=In+quite+a+state&rft.date=2010-04-08&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Finternational%2F2010%2F04%2F08%2Fin-quite-a-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oed_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oed_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpsonWeiner" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Simpson, John; Weiner, Edmund (eds.). "country, n.". <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (1971 compact ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Definition+of+COUNTRY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcountry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeertz1997" class="citation journal cs1">Geertz, Clifford (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24590031">"What is a Country if it is Not a Nation?"</a>. <i>The Brown Journal of World Affairs</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 235–247. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1080-0786">1080-0786</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24590031">24590031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brown+Journal+of+World+Affairs&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Country+if+it+is+Not+a+Nation%3F&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=235-247&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24590031%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1080-0786&rft.aulast=Geertz&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24590031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatal1997" class="citation journal cs1">Matal, Joseph (1 December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/alr/vol14/iss2/1">"A Revisionist History of Indian Country"</a>. <i>Alaska Law Review</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 283–352. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0883-0568">0883-0568</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111202441/https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/alr/vol14/iss2/1/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alaska+Law+Review&rft.atitle=A+Revisionist+History+of+Indian+Country&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=283-352&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.issn=0883-0568&rft.aulast=Matal&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.duke.edu%2Falr%2Fvol14%2Fiss2%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1973" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Raymond (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/624711"><i>The country and the city</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-519736-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-519736-4"><bdi>0-19-519736-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/624711">624711</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220827204730/https://www.worldcat.org/title/624711">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+country+and+the+city&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F624711&rft.isbn=0-19-519736-4&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F624711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller2009" class="citation book cs1">Keller, Simon (2009). "Making Nonsense of Loyalty to Country". In De Bruin, Boudewijn; Zurn, Christopher F. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/441874932"><i>New waves in political philosophy</i></a>. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-23499-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-23499-4"><bdi>978-0-230-23499-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/441874932">441874932</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220827204729/https://www.worldcat.org/title/441874932">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Law%3A+Achievements+and+Prospects&rft.series=Democracy+and+power&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-92-3-102716-1&rft.aulast=Bedjaoui&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjrTsNTzcY7EC%26pg%3DPA47%5D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2003" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Malcolm Nathan (2003). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/internationallaw00shaw_380"><i>International law</i></a></span> (5th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/internationallaw00shaw_380/page/n511">369</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-53183-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-53183-2"><bdi>978-0-521-53183-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+law&rft.pages=369&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-53183-2&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finternationallaw00shaw_380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen_1961_p._1127-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_1961_p._1127_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1961" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, Rosalyn (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/penn_law_review/vol109/iss8/4">"The Concept of Statehood in United Nations Practice"</a>. <i>University of Pennsylvania Law Review</i>. <b>109</b> (8): 1127–1171. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3310588">10.2307/3310588</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3310588">3310588</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:56273534">56273534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Pennsylvania+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Concept+of+Statehood+in+United+Nations+Practice&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1127-1171&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A56273534%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3310588%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3310588&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Rosalyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.upenn.edu%2Fpenn_law_review%2Fvol109%2Fiss8%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelsen_1941_pp._605–617-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kelsen_1941_pp._605–617_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelsen1941" class="citation journal cs1">Kelsen, Hans (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2192561">"Recognition in International Law: Theoretical Observations"</a>. <i>The American Journal of International Law</i>. <b>35</b> (4). American Society of International Law: 605–617. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2192561">10.2307/2192561</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9300">0002-9300</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2192561">2192561</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147309779">147309779</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/792830">"Recognition of States in International Law"</a>. <i>The Yale Law Journal</i>. <b>53</b> (3). The Yale Law Journal Company, Inc.: 385–458. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F792830">10.2307/792830</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0044-0094">0044-0094</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/792830">792830</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Yale+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Recognition+of+States+in+International+Law&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=385-458&rft.date=1944&rft.issn=0044-0094&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F792830%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F792830&rft.aulast=Lauterpacht&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F792830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anon._x863-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anon._x863_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openyls.law.yale.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.13051/13240/27_53YaleLJ385_1943_1944_.pdf?sequence=2">"Principles of the Recognition of States"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Principles+of+the+Recognition+of+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenyls.law.yale.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F20.500.13051%2F13240%2F27_53YaleLJ385_1943_1944_.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lowe_2015_pp._1–18-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lowe_2015_pp._1–18_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowe2015" class="citation book cs1">Lowe, Vaughan (26 November 2015). "Nations under law". <i>International Law: A Very Short Introduction</i>. 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Exeter Studies in Ethno Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-84999-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-84999-2"><bdi>978-1-136-84999-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uGMxfj4oedEC&pg=PA77">77</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-1409-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-1409-9"><bdi>978-90-411-1409-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Law+and+Self-Determination%3A+The+Interplay+of+the+Politics+of+Territorial+Possession+With+Formulations+of+Post-Colonial+National+Identity&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-411-1409-9&rft.aulast=Castellino&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuGMxfj4oedEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlearnlive-s3bucket.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/95/b1/95b1fc6c10918e7fa7a2acc8666197093b9f21be?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Pellet%20A.%2C%20The%20Opinions%20of%20the%20Badinter%20Arbitration%20Committee.pdf%22&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA4GIOSMQ5JGMSLFXY%2F20240118%2Feu-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240118T225348Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=21552&X-Amz-Signature=86ad036490ea396a1fe3868843f2cf97b44bfd8666d9c0d3e7c03eadb6a503af">The Badinter Arbitration Committee</a></i> (full title), named for its chair, ruled on the question of whether the Republics of Croatia, Macedonia, and Slovenia, who had formally requested recognition by the members of the European Union and by the EU itself, had met conditions specified by the Council of Ministers of the European Community on 16 December 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517085252/http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol3/No1/art12.html">"The Opinions of the Badinter Arbitration Committee: A Second Breath for the Self-Determination of Peoples"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consolidated+federal+laws+of+canada%2C+General+Preferential+Tariff+and+Least+Developed+Country+Tariff+Rules+of+Origin+Regulations&rft.date=2017-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaws-lois.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fregulations%2Fsor-2013-165%2FFullText.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075644/http://thuytiencrampton.com/2010/07/07/made-in-the-british-crown-colony/">"Made In The British Crown Colony"</a>. <i>Thuy-Tien Crampton</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Where+Do+Flags+Come+From%3F&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft.aulast=Nadler&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fhealth%2Farchive%2F2016%2F06%2Fhappy-flag-day%2F486866%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirmani1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arundhati_Virmani" title="Arundhati Virmani">Virmani, Arundhati</a> (August 1999). "National Symbols under Colonial Domination: The Nationalization of the Indian Flag, March-August 1923". <i>Past & Present</i> (164). Oxford University Press: 169–197. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpast%2F164.1.169">10.1093/past/164.1.169</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/651278">651278</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Past+%26+Present&rft.atitle=National+Symbols+under+Colonial+Domination%3A+The+Nationalization+of+the+Indian+Flag%2C+March-August+1923&rft.issue=164&rft.pages=169-197&rft.date=1999-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpast%2F164.1.169&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F651278%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Virmani&rft.aufirst=Arundhati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXing2013" class="citation conference cs1">Xing, Fei (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fiav.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ICV2512-Xing-Fei-The-Study-of-Vexillology-in-China.pdf"><i>The Study of Vexillology in China</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 25th International Congress of Vexillology. Rotterdam: International Federation of Vexillological Associations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616162946/https://fiav.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ICV2512-Xing-Fei-The-Study-of-Vexillology-in-China.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Study+of+Vexillology+in+China&rft.place=Rotterdam&rft.pub=International+Federation+of+Vexillological+Associations&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Xing&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiav.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F06%2FICV2512-Xing-Fei-The-Study-of-Vexillology-in-China.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/international/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15868439">Defining what makes a country</a> <i>The Economist</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">UN member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Partially_unrecognised" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Partially unrecognised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Republic of Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Armenia" title="Foreign relations of Armenia">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Israel" title="International recognition of Israel">recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Israel" title="Foreign relations of Israel">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">Democratic People's Republic of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Korea" title="Foreign relations of North Korea">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">Republic of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Korea" title="Foreign relations of South Korea">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">UN specialized agency members<br /> or <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">GA observer</a> state</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Partially_unrecognised" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Partially unrecognised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Foreign relations of the State of Palestine">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Republic of Kosovo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Kosovo" title="International recognition of Kosovo">recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kosovo" title="Foreign relations of Kosovo">relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membership_of_Kosovo_in_international_organizations" title="Membership of Kosovo in international organizations">membership</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Foreign relations of the Cook Islands">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Niue" title="Foreign relations of Niue">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Non-UN member<br />states</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised by at least<br />one UN member</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Republic of Abkhazia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia" title="International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia">recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Abkhazia" title="Foreign relations of Abkhazia">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus">relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membership_of_Northern_Cyprus_in_international_organizations" title="Membership of Northern Cyprus in international organizations">membership</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="International recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">Republic of South Ossetia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia" title="International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia">recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Ossetia" title="Foreign relations of South Ossetia">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised only by<br />non-UN members</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Transnistria" title="Foreign relations of Transnistria">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Republic of Somaliland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somaliland" title="Foreign relations of Somaliland">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Country&oldid=1260403165">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Country&oldid=1260403165</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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