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data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-7b15c986-e76e-4d41-a8da-4c15261863d3"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-7b15c986-e76e-4d41-a8da-4c15261863d3"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Prof Dr Abderrazak Said Belabes" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/5588187/13379496/121349195/s200_prof_dr_abderrazak.belabes.jpeg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Prof Dr Abderrazak Said Belabes</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://kau.academia.edu/">King AbdulAziz University (KAU) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://kau.academia.edu/Departments/Islamic_Economics_Institute/Documents">Islamic Economics Institute</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Researcher</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Prof Dr Abderrazak Said" data-follow-user-id="5588187" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button 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href="/AbderrazakBelabes/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">文献学者, Data Exploring & Talk Making, Data & AI Ethics<br /><br />I hold an engineering degree in electronics, MSc in econometrics, and Ph.D. in economic analysis and Policy from the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS), one of the most selective and prestigious grandes écoles of social sciences in Paris. <br />I have taught advanced quantitative methods, research methods, advanced microeconomics, entrepreneurial finance, social entrepreneurship, data management in endowments, and the history of economic life in Muslim societies. <br />My research focuses mainly on the process of knowledge construction in the light of advances in philology, history, anthropology, mesology,  quantum physics, ethics of technique. <br />The authors who have marked me so far are: Heraclite, al-Jurjani, Nietzsche, Bergson, Whitehead, Foucault, Deleuze, Girard, Eco, Tolkien, Dostoievsky, Pouchkin, Soljenitsyn, Joyce, Kawabata, Oe, James, Proust, Woolf, Spinoza, Poincaré, Godelier, Descola, Latour, Stengers.<br /><span class="u-fw700">Phone: </span>+966500348149<br /><b>Address: </b>Islamic Economics Institute King Abdulaziz University <br />P.O. Box 80214 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ProfDrAhmedBelouafi"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Prof. Dr. Ahmed Belouafi" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/49707064/22234621/21459298/s200_islamic_economic_research.journal.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold 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UTRIZA YAKIN</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Université catholique de Louvain</p></div></div></ul></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5588187">View All (17)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5588187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://kau.academia.edu/AbderrazakBelabes","location":"/AbderrazakBelabes","scheme":"https","host":"kau.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/AbderrazakBelabes","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div 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data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Ethics-&-Economics-in-the-Digital-Age" data-toggle="tab" href="#ethicseconomicsinthedigitalage" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>6</span> Ethics & Economics in the Digital Age</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Innovation" data-toggle="tab" href="#innovation" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>3</span> Innovation</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Economy-through-the-Eyes-of-Non-Economists" data-toggle="tab" href="#economythroughtheeyesofnoneconomists" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>3</span> Economy through the Eyes of Non-Economists</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Islamic-Economics" data-toggle="tab" href="#islamiceconomics" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>16</span> Islamic Economics</a></li><li role="presentation"><a 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class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Prof Dr Abderrazak Said Belabes</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127755927"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127755927/Ethics_Norms_and_Finance_What_Are_We_Talking_About"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ethics, Norms and Finance: What Are We Talking About?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121442723/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127755927/Ethics_Norms_and_Finance_What_Are_We_Talking_About">Ethics, Norms and Finance: What Are We Talking About?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chair of Ethics and Financial Norms, University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">You can get along with people who do not speak the same language, but you cannot get along with p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">You can get along with people who do not speak the same language, but you cannot get along with people to whom words do not bear the same meaning * This text is a draft of a paper presented at the Chair 'Ethics and Financial Norms' of the University of Paris 1 in February 9, 2013. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of King Abdulaziz University, nor the Chair 'Ethics and Financial Norms'.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2ebfa0c59486e91943b479ba981f65b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121442723,"asset_id":127755927,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121442723/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127755927"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127755927"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127755927; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127755927]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127755927]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127755927; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127755927']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c2ebfa0c59486e91943b479ba981f65b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127755927]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127755927,"title":"Ethics, Norms and Finance: What Are We Talking About?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127755927/Ethics_Norms_and_Finance_What_Are_We_Talking_About","owner_id":5588187,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"owner":{"id":5588187,"first_name":"Prof Dr Abderrazak Said","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Belabes","page_name":"AbderrazakBelabes","domain_name":"kau","created_at":"2013-09-16T18:14:40.431-07:00","display_name":"Prof Dr Abderrazak Said Belabes","url":"https://kau.academia.edu/AbderrazakBelabes"},"attachments":[{"id":121442723,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121442723/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Ethiques_Normes_et_Finance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121442723/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Ethics_Norms_and_Finance_What_Are_We_Tal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/121442723/Ethiques_Normes_et_Finance-libre.pdf?1739997025=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEthics_Norms_and_Finance_What_Are_We_Tal.pdf\u0026Expires=1740051601\u0026Signature=XljP-QA7ON3T4bQBw-mNmLiWrvBHIze86nyugpeLTOtbW7KH2dvFVaUYmgBbvUQRwrrgkA70R62oCAHDjcWjxXPmulYB2Wu6tXFyfhHKh5bwoucG-Aij52-yuvzIHC2JjF58Z2SsiKoEkOdqZo~buYb2-eeejYj6PlsonNeQu8ZPzxZZ-qujHQEzH5rIcO962upAT1onuVR~9wnmie1l8oOqW1OlrkRGBrNOB0BqGZvWGbE1vuawGty6QWyRHmk~tArKm3Be2-pFb87brSwMVxyo44vOl9VV8~T8oiC5LGSAE-BXCfAQK9XXM8DM893q9jpCIeABhGl76KHENpp9Aw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127684483"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127684483/Conceptualizing_money_creation_as_a_%E1%B8%A5abs_in_debt_market"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Conceptualizing money creation as a ḥabs in debt market" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121380990/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127684483/Conceptualizing_money_creation_as_a_%E1%B8%A5abs_in_debt_market">Conceptualizing money creation as a ḥabs in debt market</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Islamic Economics LaRiba</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction: Monetary creation is one of the major weak points of the in-depth analysis of econ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction: <br />Monetary creation is one of the major weak points of the in-depth analysis of economic life. The literature on Islamic economics, Islamic finance, and the jurisprudence of contemporary financial transactions is no exception to this rule. The reason is that money is reduced to its functionalist dimensions as a simple means of exchange, and considered a secondary issue with regard to the prohibition of ribāʿ. <br />Objectives: <br />This research proposes a new theoretical framework that conceptualizes money creation as a ḥabs in debt market. This conceptual framework makes it possible to avoid subjecting economic life to the system of monetary creation withholded, in debt and to nourish the illusion of economic growth boosted by debt. <br />Method: <br />The study is based on genealogical method, which strives to trace the origins of things, and fundamentally takes its source from ancient literature on ansāb (lineage), al-awāʿil (things done for the first time), and long history, starting from the question: Where does it come from? It is a question of linking the phenomenon of ḥabs to its source, which is the building of the Kaʿaba by Ādam as the original ḥabs on earth. <br />Results: <br />The first significant result is that ḥabs is a general phenomenon that applies to a range of things. The waqf is only one of a number of possible forms. The second result is that reading the meaning of the word ḥabs allows us to link the various forms of withhold to the origin of life on earth when God ordered Adam to live on earth, then to build the Kaʿaba. The third result is the proposal of a new analytical framework for economic life which considers monetary creation as a ḥabs in debt market. <br />Implications: <br />This study shows that ḥabs is an original conceptual tool which must be fully integrated into the analysis of economic life to broaden perspectives, promote understanding, and open new paths to action, in terms of social and economic policy, to build more resilient societies, while improving quality of life. <br />Originality/Novelty: <br />This result provides a conceptualization of monetary creation on an unprecedented approach of ḥabs in debt market, and constitutes a basis for the development of policies, that move away from false economic growth boosted by debt, towards modes of existence based on voluntary cooperation, participative administration in community affairs, and the primacy of social purpose over capital.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="edb89ab388fcad165e16d1615dbebf71" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121380990,"asset_id":127684483,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121380990/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127684483"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127684483"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127684483; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127496189"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127496189/Islamic_Finance_Artificial_Intelligence_and_the_Debt_Embedded_in_the_Ex_Nihilo_Monetary_Creation_System"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Islamic Finance, Artificial Intelligence, and the Debt Embedded in the Ex Nihilo Monetary Creation System" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121249078/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127496189/Islamic_Finance_Artificial_Intelligence_and_the_Debt_Embedded_in_the_Ex_Nihilo_Monetary_Creation_System">Islamic Finance, Artificial Intelligence, and the Debt Embedded in the Ex Nihilo Monetary Creation System</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The aim of this study is to shed light on a relationship that has not been explored until now. Th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The aim of this study is to shed light on a relationship that has not been explored until now. This is the relationship between the world of Islamic finance that of AI, and the debt embedded in the ex nihilo monetary creation system induced by bank loans with ribā. As a result, by making excessive use of AI under the pretext of the need to adopt disruptive innovations that generate exponential growth, Islamic finance feeds this system. This raises a paradox: Islamic finance, which is reputed to be ribāfree, uses AI, which feeds on ribā, to grow exponentially in a context of chip war between the United States, China, and Europe that intensifies day by day. This cognitive trap into which Islamic finance has fallen also applies to Islamic economics. The reason is that AI, as well as finance and economics, could not be part of the debt system if they were not disembedded from society by disintegrating traditional social structures. Hence the importance of the quadriptych rizq, waqf, maʿāsh, and ʿumrān, which opens the field to local practices that create social connections, and help people live better. It is then a question of using AI to satisfy local needs when necessary, and not to increase the power of digital giants through a race for stock market capitalization, which artificially inflates profitability. Against this backdrop, investors may demand clearer monetization roadmaps, which could burst the AI bubble.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dd57dd92493c2ffa8380ccf01ac460ce" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121249078,"asset_id":127496189,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121249078/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127496189"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127496189"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127496189; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127469357"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127469357/Islamic_finance_AI_and_bank_debt"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Islamic finance, AI and bank debt" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121196627/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127469357/Islamic_finance_AI_and_bank_debt">Islamic finance, AI and bank debt</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Islamic Finance News</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The article by Prof Dr Abderrazak Belabes explores the paradox of Islamic finance in the face of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The article by Prof Dr Abderrazak Belabes explores the paradox of Islamic finance in the face of artificial intelligence. He commented on the investment croissant of the IA, massive financing by the company, that forced the paradoxical system of banking convention based on the Riba, against the principles of Islamic finance. The application is for a more appropriate analysis, to improve the traditional outputs, to value the impact of this investment on the concentration of riches and the effective value of Islamic finance. It proposes the use of concepts such as these topics to understand complex interactions within these domains, including the lumière of geoeconomics displayed in the course for the IA. Infinity, the article addresses the question of the conception name of the banking system, then comment on the previous ones creating the deepest ones, and not inverse.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4da7f7c106976f5d5ee7bcd3b13c59e5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121196627,"asset_id":127469357,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121196627/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127469357"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127469357"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127469357; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126574603"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126574603/AI_in_Islamic_Finance_Opportunities_and_Limits"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of AI in Islamic Finance: Opportunities and Limits" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120432144/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126574603/AI_in_Islamic_Finance_Opportunities_and_Limits">AI in Islamic Finance: Opportunities and Limits</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Islamic Finance News Annual Report 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">AI is a technical system that has no precedent in human history. This is why it cannot be assimil...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">AI is a technical system that has no precedent in human history. This is why it cannot be assimilated to the knowledge factor mentioned in the macroeconomics Solow growth model. As proof, the diffusion of AI has extended to all spheres of life to such an extent that it influences our perception of the world, ourselves and our relationships with creatures and other things.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0a7079eb5ff65a2ceafdf228fa628ca1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120432144,"asset_id":126574603,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120432144/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126574603"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126574603"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126574603; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126067616"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126067616/The_differences_in_Islamic_finance_between_conformity_compliance_and_respect_of_Shariah_injunctions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The differences in Islamic finance between conformity, compliance and respect of Shariah injunctions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120146083/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126067616/The_differences_in_Islamic_finance_between_conformity_compliance_and_respect_of_Shariah_injunctions">The differences in Islamic finance between conformity, compliance and respect of Shariah injunctions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Islamic Finance News</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6e94afb62e830bb39469aaaab38a69a5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120146083,"asset_id":126067616,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120146083/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126067616"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126067616"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126067616; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126067616]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126067616]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126067616; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126067616']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6e94afb62e830bb39469aaaab38a69a5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126067616]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126067616,"title":"The differences in Islamic finance between conformity, compliance and respect of Shariah injunctions","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126067616/The_differences_in_Islamic_finance_between_conformity_compliance_and_respect_of_Shariah_injunctions","owner_id":5588187,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"owner":{"id":5588187,"first_name":"Prof Dr Abderrazak Said","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Belabes","page_name":"AbderrazakBelabes","domain_name":"kau","created_at":"2013-09-16T18:14:40.431-07:00","display_name":"Prof Dr Abderrazak Said Belabes","url":"https://kau.academia.edu/AbderrazakBelabes"},"attachments":[{"id":120146083,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120146083/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"v21i49_22_23.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120146083/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_differences_in_Islamic_finance_betwe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/120146083/v21i49_22_23-libre.pdf?1733917497=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_differences_in_Islamic_finance_betwe.pdf\u0026Expires=1740039811\u0026Signature=TVKtWZEwby4oOwj19SwxR24EK03ZjfImSsjTmm51SprJIS5v2vrsHC1pluagHjGhb0ghXHddK0cPxf5oUOmBzBsUR8iV~RWj5Fa7YrrfPdASW4q5ON1Y9DNl7DXJMj5bNklv-oahPtHaleCfykcoRaPhxcVej7kCBgY~v6lpQBwACeyN81qpMYiIeoi11bq7f-O92PBEr5M-Fwnyp19lmSCUC6kmHD8TxaJtsLHH9Xi7tTs~dTzHuqxF~4rGmp4N78pRjWEPOzFHcVqHaLVugZ1kfsjjgqBTY5KwZmJlbNJTD707rDQDiZUjmwWmDuxnsXiBSd~mUz4~SN70ZX~Fdw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124368925"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124368925/The_forgotten_history_of_the_waqf_The_Ka%CA%BFaba"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The forgotten history of the waqf: The Kaʿaba" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118623440/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124368925/The_forgotten_history_of_the_waqf_The_Ka%CA%BFaba">The forgotten history of the waqf: The Kaʿaba</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Islamic History and Literature</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This research aims to shed light on the forgotten history of waqf. It examines the limits of the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This research aims to shed light on the forgotten history of waqf. It examines the limits of the fiqhi and legal interpretation of waqf as a gift contract, Islamic social and solidarity economy institution, an instrument of Islamic social finance, in exploring historical facts. Through a careful examination of the awqāf literature, the research finds that the Kaʿaba was the first waqf built on Earth by Ādam and then rebuilt by Ibrāhīm and Ismāʿīl after the Flood of Nuḥ. This forgotten history of the Kaʿaba as a waqf is an example of how our preconceptions get in the way of the historical data. Among the major historical results of this study concerning the Kaʿaba, the following should be noted: (1) The construction of the Kaʿaba by Ādam arises from a mīthāq (pact) of obedience to God and not from an ʿaqd tabaruʿ (donation contract) made in perpetuity. (2) The Kaʿaba is the best waqf that exists on earth from Ādam until the Last Day. (3) The Kaʿaba was rebuilt by Ibrāhīm and Ismāʿīl after the flood on the original location. Among the organization of life, the reconstruction of the Kaʿaba by Ibrāhīm and Ismāʿīl, with local natural resources, shows the importance of the recall to Worshipping God alone, without associating anything else with Him in the foundation of the process of maʿāsh (which closely associates the world we live from and the world we live in), and that of ʿumrān (which encourages regrouping in a place for living together in peace).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9fb4d7021bbf41cd63de4c396e324f1f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118623440,"asset_id":124368925,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118623440/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124368925"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124368925"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124368925; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124368925]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124368925]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124368925; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124368925']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122418449"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122418449/I%CA%BFj%C4%81z_of_the_Qur%CA%BF%C4%81n_for_Using_the_Words_Gold_Silver_and_Not_Money"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Iʿjāz of the Qurʿān for Using the Words Gold, Silver and Not Money" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117085196/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122418449/I%CA%BFj%C4%81z_of_the_Qur%CA%BF%C4%81n_for_Using_the_Words_Gold_Silver_and_Not_Money">Iʿjāz of the Qurʿān for Using the Words Gold, Silver and Not Money</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Quran and Tafseer Studies</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The production of knowledge on iʿjāz in the economy is strongly influenced by the literature on s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The production of knowledge on iʿjāz in the economy is strongly influenced by the literature on scientific miracles of the Qurʿān. The interpretation of the verses of the Qurʿān about maʿāsh comes up against the binary logic aimed at constructing a scientific identity by summoning key concepts from mainstream economic thought. This article is based on philology as an art of reading well to shed light on the iʿjāz of the Qurʿān through the use of the words gold and silver and not that of money. It is structured around a multidisciplinary approach and a qualitative analysis through the meanings about the literature on the secrets of eloquence and evidence of the inimitability of the Qurʿān. The results showed that the iʿjāz in the use of the words gold and silver invites to live in the world of rizq, as an umwelt or 風土 fūdo. This mode of existence provides resilience against voluntary servitude to the system of monetary creation ex nihilo by the interest loan granted by commercial banks. Such particular way is a thematic interpretation of the verses relating to the means to acquit the rights of the Creator and those of the creatures. It converges like Hénon attractor as a chaotic fractal set with research in history, anthropology and numismatics which does not use the word money.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6c7eeee78ea74f0ea39c171666600ba5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117085196,"asset_id":122418449,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117085196/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122418449"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122418449"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122418449; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123166049"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123166049/The_Grothendiecks_Toposes_as_the_Future_Mathematics_of_AI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Grothendieck's Toposes as the Future Mathematics of AI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117953082/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123166049/The_Grothendiecks_Toposes_as_the_Future_Mathematics_of_AI">The Grothendieck's Toposes as the Future Mathematics of AI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Philosophy International Journal</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The aim of this article is to discuss the idea that the notion of topos could become the future m...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The aim of this article is to discuss the idea that the notion of topos could become the future mathematics of AI, by giving more emphasis to geometric forms, compared to the currently mainstream approach, which favors numbers through statistical procedures. AI engineers are looking for theories that can formalize the basic elements that shape their daily work, as well as the basic operations that structure how the human brain works. The notion of topos could contribute largely to satisfying these two main aspirations of AI engineering. The article is a part of a questioning on the nature of intelligence and supposedly intelligent machines. In this respect, it would be useful to enrich the approach that assimilates the topos as a kind of bridge that removes all the inessential aspects of things to be connected to keep an common essence that associates mathematical things. One of the most promising avenues from the archeology of the discourse on the topos is the reading by meaning. This art of reading well gives rise to the notion of conceptual strata which shows that the things to be connected have a layered configuration. What seems insignificant-in view of a supposed essence-through one conceptual stratum, might seem important through another, even capital. Rather than calling something 'insignificant', a consistent relativism of 'insignificant for' would be more appropriate, according to the conceptual stratum considered.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d694f6440a595e2231a47b0ed96e154f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117953082,"asset_id":123166049,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117953082/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123166049"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123166049"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123166049; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123576727"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123576727/The_Limits_of_the_Rhetoric_of_Islamic_Social_Finance_through_the_Triptych_Waqf_Umran_Maash"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Limits of the Rhetoric of Islamic Social Finance through the Triptych Waqf, 'Umran, Ma'ash" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117976732/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123576727/The_Limits_of_the_Rhetoric_of_Islamic_Social_Finance_through_the_Triptych_Waqf_Umran_Maash">The Limits of the Rhetoric of Islamic Social Finance through the Triptych Waqf, 'Umran, Ma'ash</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Zakat & Social Finance </span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Through the Triptych waqf, umran, maash, the aim of the research is to explores the limits of the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Through the Triptych waqf, umran, maash, the aim of the research is to explores the limits of the rhetoric which interpret sadaqah, zakat, waqf as elements of social finance. Among the main results in the research are: (1) The notion of social finance by assimilating sadaqah, zakat and waqf to capital impoverishes these phenomena that have deep historical roots and empties them of their substance; (2) The financialization of sadaqah, zakat and waqf leads to the extension of the domain of property, to the detriment of that of public goods and common goods, and to the increase in inequalities; (3)  This tendency constitutes a paradox to the extent that what has served for centuries to provide the essential social needs is subject to capture by private interests. The use of the adjective Islamic is more a matter of home-made lexicon than a result of a rigorous approach. At first glance, the rhetoric of Islamic social finance seems virtuous, but it turns out to be conceptually incoherent. What arouses the rhetoric of Islamic social finance is less difference than an exacerbated desire for convergence.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9d6a5e5e1f588eaefa32a97d1613e9ab" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117976732,"asset_id":123576727,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117976732/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123576727"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123576727"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123576727; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121652451"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121652451/Conceptualizing_the_Young_Women_Social_Entrepreneurship_Phenomenon_in_al_Madinah_al_Munawarah"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Conceptualizing the Young Women Social Entrepreneurship Phenomenon in al-Madinah al-Munawarah" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116480572/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121652451/Conceptualizing_the_Young_Women_Social_Entrepreneurship_Phenomenon_in_al_Madinah_al_Munawarah">Conceptualizing the Young Women Social Entrepreneurship Phenomenon in al-Madinah al-Munawarah</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Social entrepreneurship has become a global trend, and in Saudi Arabia, it is gaining traction am...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Social entrepreneurship has become a global trend, and in Saudi Arabia, it is gaining traction among public authorities, financial institutions, young people, and academics. Despite its growing popularity, scientific publications on the subject remain limited. This study aims to conceptualize the phenomenon of young women's social entrepreneurship in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, the cradle of Muslim civilization and Islamic charity. Based on the field experience of Basiqāt Waqf, which trained 128 young women from 2020-2022 in personal development and entrepreneurial excellence using the Personal Development Analysis (PDA) tool, the study finds existing models insufficient to capture the multidimensionality of this phenomenon. A key factor identified is the intrinsic pleasure young women derive from engaging in social entrepreneurship projects that sustainably improve the quality of life in the holy city. The challenge lies in identifying what these women love doing while being beneficial to others. Despite limitations, this study aids stakeholders in better coordinating efforts to promote social entrepreneurship among young women in Madinah beyond merely creating a competitive or attractive ecosystem. Data from 2023-2024 indicate that many of these trained women actively participate in the Basiqat project, particularly in organizing the breaking of the Ramadan fast at the Prophet's Mosque.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a86a6ed5b5b2e1fa725605d2e9bdb28c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116480572,"asset_id":121652451,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116480572/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121652451"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121652451"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121652451; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123538277"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123538277/Artificial_Intelligence_vs_Real_Economy_Where_will_Islamic_finance_invest_in_the_most"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Artificial Intelligence vs Real Economy: Where will Islamic finance invest in the most?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118124743/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123538277/Artificial_Intelligence_vs_Real_Economy_Where_will_Islamic_finance_invest_in_the_most">Artificial Intelligence vs Real Economy: Where will Islamic finance invest in the most?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Islamic Finance News</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c33bdf5f9332e1e5746d0815ce042524" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118124743,"asset_id":123538277,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118124743/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123538277"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123538277"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123538277; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123002933"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123002933/The_schools_of_economic_thought_as_modes_of_existence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The schools of economic thought as modes of existence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117540938/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123002933/The_schools_of_economic_thought_as_modes_of_existence">The schools of economic thought as modes of existence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Reading books on the history of economic thought gives the impression that economics has been bui...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Reading books on the history of economic thought gives the impression that economics has been built on a fighter mode: a fight between economist and his competitors, between econometrics and literature, between microeconomics and macroeconomics, between behavioral economics and neoclassical economics, between neuroeconomics and behavioral economics. This chapter invites to reflect on the way in which schools of economic thought invent enemies to justify their presence. To do this, it proposes a way out by approaching schools of economic thought as modes of existence. The concept of instauration is the keystone. To instaure is to think in terms of ways of living that will not be swept away by the requirements of economic thought, and to bring into existence those we need just as much as they need us. Instauring means not consigning possible ways of approaching economic life to oblivion.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ae498d4b96990f3520100363244913f0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117540938,"asset_id":123002933,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117540938/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123002933"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123002933"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123002933; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122965174"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965174/Toward_an_economic_vocabulary_related_to_life"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Toward an economic vocabulary related to life" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117512814/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965174/Toward_an_economic_vocabulary_related_to_life">Toward an economic vocabulary related to life</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of this chapter is to address a sensitive issue relating to the pitfalls of economic ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of this chapter is to address a sensitive issue relating to the pitfalls of economic vocabulary. Opposing something by using its vocabulary is tantamount to supporting it, since both epistemological postures lead to its continuation. When we start paying attention to the words we use, we will not see economic life in the same way. By way of illustration, the chapter compares the words ‘holobiont’, ‘engendering’, and ‘collective’ with the words ‘individual’, ‘production’, and ‘society’, respectively. Beyond the epistemological postures of adaptation and opposition, which merely maintain the status quo, there is the possibility of influencing the course of things and redefining what exists, just as there is the possibility of creating new modes of existence.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fd45478d0bba7d8046ddb3e51917b504" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117512814,"asset_id":122965174,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117512814/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122965174"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122965174"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122965174; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122965009"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965009/Topos_for_in_depth_study_of_economic_life"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Topos for in-depth study of economic life" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117512695/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965009/Topos_for_in_depth_study_of_economic_life">Topos for in-depth study of economic life</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The aim of the chapter is to discuss the theory of topos invented by Alexandre Grothendieck as a ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The aim of the chapter is to discuss the theory of topos invented by Alexandre Grothendieck as a “deep river” that allows to perceive the original relationships between worlds that are hidden by formal languages, theoretical frameworks, quantitative models, and conceptual veils. This exceptionally rich tool lends itself to extremely broad applications. Toposes could even become the mathematics of artificial intelligence. Starting from life, the notion of topos offers the possibility of highlighting similarities where economic analyses have seen only differences. It sheds light on what has been ignored, and what has never fitted in with the one-dimensionality of calculability, the linearity of progress, and the horizontality of causality, which make us lose sight of the essential, that is, what is deeply rooted in life.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a820141e02aad0018feb0d75506fec66" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117512695,"asset_id":122965009,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117512695/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122965009"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122965009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122965009; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122965118"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965118/The_phenomenon_of_avoidance_in_economic_literature"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The phenomenon of avoidance in economic literature" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117512781/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965118/The_phenomenon_of_avoidance_in_economic_literature">The phenomenon of avoidance in economic literature</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The aim of this chapter is to shed light on the phenomenon of avoidance in economics around money...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The aim of this chapter is to shed light on the phenomenon of avoidance in economics around money as a complex and intertwined phenomenon. Based on Bernard Lietaer’s statement that Paul Krugman told him, in Seoul, during a conference following the Korean financial crisis of 1997–1998, that he had always followed advice given to him by his professors at MIT: “Never touch the monetary system”. Although attractive, Bernard Lieater’s interpretation is ideologically biased. If an economist seems to avoid a subject, the one who opposes it also avoids the subject without realizing it. It is the paradox of counter-avoidance, which produces the opposite of what was intended. The very essence of in-depth economic analysis is to understand that we have understood nothing. Hence the importance of morphological analysis, which allows a systematic and transparent scanning of the field of possible scenarios.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="de1c6b5aa99dd7acbbb9e25fd5ad6e7e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117512781,"asset_id":122965118,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117512781/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122965118"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122965118"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122965118; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122965071"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965071/Toward_the_opening_of_data_sciences_to_life_beyond_AIs_black_box"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Toward the opening of data sciences to life beyond AI's black box" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117512743/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965071/Toward_the_opening_of_data_sciences_to_life_beyond_AIs_black_box">Toward the opening of data sciences to life beyond AI's black box</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The aim of the chapter is to explore the construction of data sciences more open to life in its b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The aim of the chapter is to explore the construction of data sciences more open to life in its broadest sense starting from the Arabic etymology of the word ‘data’, which fundamentally refers to both the idea of ‘connecting’ and ‘cutting’. Data is not a goal in itself, but should be used as an instrument to enrich the understanding of life, particularly economic life, by taking the necessary step back from the black boxes of artificial intelligence whose internal functioning is invisible to users. The value of the data varies over milieu (umwelt, fūdo, 風土), time, and content; they have no value in isolation. Data should not be sanctified as a value in itself. There is neither intrinsic nor absolute nor universal in the data.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1efe0009aa3051daa9d0d7f10d59a9af" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117512743,"asset_id":122965071,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117512743/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122965071"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122965071"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122965071; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122964976"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122964976/Al_Far%C4%81h%C4%ABd%C4%ABs_notion_of_ma%CA%BF%C4%81sh_associating_what_we_live_from_and_what_we_life_in"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Al-Farāhīdī's notion of maʿāsh associating 'what we live from' and 'what we life in'" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117512674/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122964976/Al_Far%C4%81h%C4%ABd%C4%ABs_notion_of_ma%CA%BF%C4%81sh_associating_what_we_live_from_and_what_we_life_in">Al-Farāhīdī's notion of maʿāsh associating 'what we live from' and 'what we life in'</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Starting from the notion of Maʿāsh elaborated by al-Farāhīdī’s more than 12 centuries ago associa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Starting from the notion of Maʿāsh elaborated by al-Farāhīdī’s more than 12 centuries ago associating ‘what we live from’ and ‘what we live in’, the chapter shows that this association can be found in contemporary authors although they have not read al-Farāhīdī. This constitutes a novel topos that invites us to go beyond dualisms. Ideas that reflect life do not die; they may be neglected, but one day or another, they regain their rightful place. This makes it possible to create topos with other notions that reflect life, such as the transition from ‘living from’ to ‘living with’ and ‘living for’. In this way, one living topos leads to others. This is in line with the approach, which views economy as the way ‘we take care of each other’. Such an approach gives its letters of nobility to modes of existence that go back a very long time like gift, endowment, foundation, qodesh, waqf, and きしん (kishin), to remind us that ‘living for’ by preserving ‘what we live in’ is the foundation of collective life to share ‘what we live from’.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8da0ce797db3de61f8064b7a599372a6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117512674,"asset_id":122964976,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117512674/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122964976"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122964976"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122964976; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2571788" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127755927"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127755927/Ethics_Norms_and_Finance_What_Are_We_Talking_About"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ethics, Norms and Finance: What Are We Talking About?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121442723/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127755927/Ethics_Norms_and_Finance_What_Are_We_Talking_About">Ethics, Norms and Finance: What Are We Talking About?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chair of Ethics and Financial Norms, University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">You can get along with people who do not speak the same language, but you cannot get along with p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">You can get along with people who do not speak the same language, but you cannot get along with people to whom words do not bear the same meaning * This text is a draft of a paper presented at the Chair 'Ethics and Financial Norms' of the University of Paris 1 in February 9, 2013. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of King Abdulaziz University, nor the Chair 'Ethics and Financial Norms'.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2ebfa0c59486e91943b479ba981f65b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121442723,"asset_id":127755927,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121442723/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127755927"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127755927"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127755927; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127684483"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127684483/Conceptualizing_money_creation_as_a_%E1%B8%A5abs_in_debt_market"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Conceptualizing money creation as a ḥabs in debt market" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121380990/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127684483/Conceptualizing_money_creation_as_a_%E1%B8%A5abs_in_debt_market">Conceptualizing money creation as a ḥabs in debt market</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Islamic Economics LaRiba</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction: Monetary creation is one of the major weak points of the in-depth analysis of econ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction: <br />Monetary creation is one of the major weak points of the in-depth analysis of economic life. The literature on Islamic economics, Islamic finance, and the jurisprudence of contemporary financial transactions is no exception to this rule. The reason is that money is reduced to its functionalist dimensions as a simple means of exchange, and considered a secondary issue with regard to the prohibition of ribāʿ. <br />Objectives: <br />This research proposes a new theoretical framework that conceptualizes money creation as a ḥabs in debt market. This conceptual framework makes it possible to avoid subjecting economic life to the system of monetary creation withholded, in debt and to nourish the illusion of economic growth boosted by debt. <br />Method: <br />The study is based on genealogical method, which strives to trace the origins of things, and fundamentally takes its source from ancient literature on ansāb (lineage), al-awāʿil (things done for the first time), and long history, starting from the question: Where does it come from? It is a question of linking the phenomenon of ḥabs to its source, which is the building of the Kaʿaba by Ādam as the original ḥabs on earth. <br />Results: <br />The first significant result is that ḥabs is a general phenomenon that applies to a range of things. The waqf is only one of a number of possible forms. The second result is that reading the meaning of the word ḥabs allows us to link the various forms of withhold to the origin of life on earth when God ordered Adam to live on earth, then to build the Kaʿaba. The third result is the proposal of a new analytical framework for economic life which considers monetary creation as a ḥabs in debt market. <br />Implications: <br />This study shows that ḥabs is an original conceptual tool which must be fully integrated into the analysis of economic life to broaden perspectives, promote understanding, and open new paths to action, in terms of social and economic policy, to build more resilient societies, while improving quality of life. <br />Originality/Novelty: <br />This result provides a conceptualization of monetary creation on an unprecedented approach of ḥabs in debt market, and constitutes a basis for the development of policies, that move away from false economic growth boosted by debt, towards modes of existence based on voluntary cooperation, participative administration in community affairs, and the primacy of social purpose over capital.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="edb89ab388fcad165e16d1615dbebf71" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121380990,"asset_id":127684483,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121380990/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127684483"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127684483"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127684483; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127496189"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127496189/Islamic_Finance_Artificial_Intelligence_and_the_Debt_Embedded_in_the_Ex_Nihilo_Monetary_Creation_System"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Islamic Finance, Artificial Intelligence, and the Debt Embedded in the Ex Nihilo Monetary Creation System" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121249078/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127496189/Islamic_Finance_Artificial_Intelligence_and_the_Debt_Embedded_in_the_Ex_Nihilo_Monetary_Creation_System">Islamic Finance, Artificial Intelligence, and the Debt Embedded in the Ex Nihilo Monetary Creation System</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The aim of this study is to shed light on a relationship that has not been explored until now. Th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The aim of this study is to shed light on a relationship that has not been explored until now. This is the relationship between the world of Islamic finance that of AI, and the debt embedded in the ex nihilo monetary creation system induced by bank loans with ribā. As a result, by making excessive use of AI under the pretext of the need to adopt disruptive innovations that generate exponential growth, Islamic finance feeds this system. This raises a paradox: Islamic finance, which is reputed to be ribāfree, uses AI, which feeds on ribā, to grow exponentially in a context of chip war between the United States, China, and Europe that intensifies day by day. This cognitive trap into which Islamic finance has fallen also applies to Islamic economics. The reason is that AI, as well as finance and economics, could not be part of the debt system if they were not disembedded from society by disintegrating traditional social structures. Hence the importance of the quadriptych rizq, waqf, maʿāsh, and ʿumrān, which opens the field to local practices that create social connections, and help people live better. It is then a question of using AI to satisfy local needs when necessary, and not to increase the power of digital giants through a race for stock market capitalization, which artificially inflates profitability. Against this backdrop, investors may demand clearer monetization roadmaps, which could burst the AI bubble.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dd57dd92493c2ffa8380ccf01ac460ce" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121249078,"asset_id":127496189,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121249078/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127496189"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127496189"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127496189; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127469357"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127469357/Islamic_finance_AI_and_bank_debt"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Islamic finance, AI and bank debt" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121196627/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127469357/Islamic_finance_AI_and_bank_debt">Islamic finance, AI and bank debt</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Islamic Finance News</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The article by Prof Dr Abderrazak Belabes explores the paradox of Islamic finance in the face of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The article by Prof Dr Abderrazak Belabes explores the paradox of Islamic finance in the face of artificial intelligence. He commented on the investment croissant of the IA, massive financing by the company, that forced the paradoxical system of banking convention based on the Riba, against the principles of Islamic finance. The application is for a more appropriate analysis, to improve the traditional outputs, to value the impact of this investment on the concentration of riches and the effective value of Islamic finance. It proposes the use of concepts such as these topics to understand complex interactions within these domains, including the lumière of geoeconomics displayed in the course for the IA. Infinity, the article addresses the question of the conception name of the banking system, then comment on the previous ones creating the deepest ones, and not inverse.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4da7f7c106976f5d5ee7bcd3b13c59e5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121196627,"asset_id":127469357,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121196627/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127469357"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127469357"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127469357; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126574603"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126574603/AI_in_Islamic_Finance_Opportunities_and_Limits"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of AI in Islamic Finance: Opportunities and Limits" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120432144/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126574603/AI_in_Islamic_Finance_Opportunities_and_Limits">AI in Islamic Finance: Opportunities and Limits</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Islamic Finance News Annual Report 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">AI is a technical system that has no precedent in human history. This is why it cannot be assimil...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">AI is a technical system that has no precedent in human history. This is why it cannot be assimilated to the knowledge factor mentioned in the macroeconomics Solow growth model. As proof, the diffusion of AI has extended to all spheres of life to such an extent that it influences our perception of the world, ourselves and our relationships with creatures and other things.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0a7079eb5ff65a2ceafdf228fa628ca1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120432144,"asset_id":126574603,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120432144/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126574603"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126574603"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126574603; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126574603]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126574603]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126574603; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126574603']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126067616"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126067616/The_differences_in_Islamic_finance_between_conformity_compliance_and_respect_of_Shariah_injunctions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The differences in Islamic finance between conformity, compliance and respect of Shariah injunctions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120146083/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126067616/The_differences_in_Islamic_finance_between_conformity_compliance_and_respect_of_Shariah_injunctions">The differences in Islamic finance between conformity, compliance and respect of Shariah injunctions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Islamic Finance News</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6e94afb62e830bb39469aaaab38a69a5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120146083,"asset_id":126067616,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120146083/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126067616"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126067616"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126067616; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126067616]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126067616]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126067616; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126067616']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6e94afb62e830bb39469aaaab38a69a5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126067616]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126067616,"title":"The differences in Islamic finance between conformity, compliance and respect of Shariah injunctions","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126067616/The_differences_in_Islamic_finance_between_conformity_compliance_and_respect_of_Shariah_injunctions","owner_id":5588187,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"owner":{"id":5588187,"first_name":"Prof Dr Abderrazak Said","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Belabes","page_name":"AbderrazakBelabes","domain_name":"kau","created_at":"2013-09-16T18:14:40.431-07:00","display_name":"Prof Dr Abderrazak Said Belabes","url":"https://kau.academia.edu/AbderrazakBelabes"},"attachments":[{"id":120146083,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120146083/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"v21i49_22_23.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120146083/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_differences_in_Islamic_finance_betwe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/120146083/v21i49_22_23-libre.pdf?1733917497=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_differences_in_Islamic_finance_betwe.pdf\u0026Expires=1740039811\u0026Signature=TVKtWZEwby4oOwj19SwxR24EK03ZjfImSsjTmm51SprJIS5v2vrsHC1pluagHjGhb0ghXHddK0cPxf5oUOmBzBsUR8iV~RWj5Fa7YrrfPdASW4q5ON1Y9DNl7DXJMj5bNklv-oahPtHaleCfykcoRaPhxcVej7kCBgY~v6lpQBwACeyN81qpMYiIeoi11bq7f-O92PBEr5M-Fwnyp19lmSCUC6kmHD8TxaJtsLHH9Xi7tTs~dTzHuqxF~4rGmp4N78pRjWEPOzFHcVqHaLVugZ1kfsjjgqBTY5KwZmJlbNJTD707rDQDiZUjmwWmDuxnsXiBSd~mUz4~SN70ZX~Fdw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124368925"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124368925/The_forgotten_history_of_the_waqf_The_Ka%CA%BFaba"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The forgotten history of the waqf: The Kaʿaba" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118623440/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124368925/The_forgotten_history_of_the_waqf_The_Ka%CA%BFaba">The forgotten history of the waqf: The Kaʿaba</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Islamic History and Literature</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This research aims to shed light on the forgotten history of waqf. It examines the limits of the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This research aims to shed light on the forgotten history of waqf. It examines the limits of the fiqhi and legal interpretation of waqf as a gift contract, Islamic social and solidarity economy institution, an instrument of Islamic social finance, in exploring historical facts. Through a careful examination of the awqāf literature, the research finds that the Kaʿaba was the first waqf built on Earth by Ādam and then rebuilt by Ibrāhīm and Ismāʿīl after the Flood of Nuḥ. This forgotten history of the Kaʿaba as a waqf is an example of how our preconceptions get in the way of the historical data. Among the major historical results of this study concerning the Kaʿaba, the following should be noted: (1) The construction of the Kaʿaba by Ādam arises from a mīthāq (pact) of obedience to God and not from an ʿaqd tabaruʿ (donation contract) made in perpetuity. (2) The Kaʿaba is the best waqf that exists on earth from Ādam until the Last Day. (3) The Kaʿaba was rebuilt by Ibrāhīm and Ismāʿīl after the flood on the original location. Among the organization of life, the reconstruction of the Kaʿaba by Ibrāhīm and Ismāʿīl, with local natural resources, shows the importance of the recall to Worshipping God alone, without associating anything else with Him in the foundation of the process of maʿāsh (which closely associates the world we live from and the world we live in), and that of ʿumrān (which encourages regrouping in a place for living together in peace).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9fb4d7021bbf41cd63de4c396e324f1f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118623440,"asset_id":124368925,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118623440/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124368925"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124368925"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124368925; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124368925]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124368925]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124368925; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124368925']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9fb4d7021bbf41cd63de4c396e324f1f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124368925]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124368925,"title":"The forgotten history of the waqf: The Kaʿaba","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124368925/The_forgotten_history_of_the_waqf_The_Ka%CA%BFaba","owner_id":5588187,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"owner":{"id":5588187,"first_name":"Prof Dr Abderrazak Said","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Belabes","page_name":"AbderrazakBelabes","domain_name":"kau","created_at":"2013-09-16T18:14:40.431-07:00","display_name":"Prof Dr Abderrazak Said Belabes","url":"https://kau.academia.edu/AbderrazakBelabes"},"attachments":[{"id":118623440,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118623440/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BelabesA_1_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118623440/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_forgotten_history_of_the_waqf_The_Ka.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/118623440/BelabesA_1_-libre.pdf?1727963729=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_forgotten_history_of_the_waqf_The_Ka.pdf\u0026Expires=1740051601\u0026Signature=MWXUq78maNT~3zZ1-2LuBaVOfHU~Msd74RThj72uTi9yjPxmsKZ5ntOyhJQ6PgXTU6t2Hy0nRrb3b3tya5P~UVWxXDsba-NLM1miBpYhAWBrcWdIS~gDeP3kG3VR3T80PzpbpdyWUrZ3Jo2uMiiesoJBrgqPMFY0yNJh93Gz-wTFclw9nt-PWvB2or68PL3XCDdOWHee2zd1f5w2fWyQ-8fHNF8byVWmes34IijFlKLE1lnr~wmx9aW1ar~T92uI1djy7x7v9eUnjg4201QbRGTSrz9nIdodDGvdDcgxVaenJmxZluJRDphu7eruF2ff9-jGyoOt~SEiUzz53xwtDw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122418449"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122418449/I%CA%BFj%C4%81z_of_the_Qur%CA%BF%C4%81n_for_Using_the_Words_Gold_Silver_and_Not_Money"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Iʿjāz of the Qurʿān for Using the Words Gold, Silver and Not Money" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117085196/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122418449/I%CA%BFj%C4%81z_of_the_Qur%CA%BF%C4%81n_for_Using_the_Words_Gold_Silver_and_Not_Money">Iʿjāz of the Qurʿān for Using the Words Gold, Silver and Not Money</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Quran and Tafseer Studies</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The production of knowledge on iʿjāz in the economy is strongly influenced by the literature on s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The production of knowledge on iʿjāz in the economy is strongly influenced by the literature on scientific miracles of the Qurʿān. The interpretation of the verses of the Qurʿān about maʿāsh comes up against the binary logic aimed at constructing a scientific identity by summoning key concepts from mainstream economic thought. This article is based on philology as an art of reading well to shed light on the iʿjāz of the Qurʿān through the use of the words gold and silver and not that of money. It is structured around a multidisciplinary approach and a qualitative analysis through the meanings about the literature on the secrets of eloquence and evidence of the inimitability of the Qurʿān. The results showed that the iʿjāz in the use of the words gold and silver invites to live in the world of rizq, as an umwelt or 風土 fūdo. This mode of existence provides resilience against voluntary servitude to the system of monetary creation ex nihilo by the interest loan granted by commercial banks. Such particular way is a thematic interpretation of the verses relating to the means to acquit the rights of the Creator and those of the creatures. It converges like Hénon attractor as a chaotic fractal set with research in history, anthropology and numismatics which does not use the word money.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6c7eeee78ea74f0ea39c171666600ba5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117085196,"asset_id":122418449,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117085196/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122418449"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122418449"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122418449; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122418449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122418449]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122418449; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122418449']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123166049"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123166049/The_Grothendiecks_Toposes_as_the_Future_Mathematics_of_AI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Grothendieck's Toposes as the Future Mathematics of AI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117953082/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123166049/The_Grothendiecks_Toposes_as_the_Future_Mathematics_of_AI">The Grothendieck's Toposes as the Future Mathematics of AI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Philosophy International Journal</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The aim of this article is to discuss the idea that the notion of topos could become the future m...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The aim of this article is to discuss the idea that the notion of topos could become the future mathematics of AI, by giving more emphasis to geometric forms, compared to the currently mainstream approach, which favors numbers through statistical procedures. AI engineers are looking for theories that can formalize the basic elements that shape their daily work, as well as the basic operations that structure how the human brain works. The notion of topos could contribute largely to satisfying these two main aspirations of AI engineering. The article is a part of a questioning on the nature of intelligence and supposedly intelligent machines. In this respect, it would be useful to enrich the approach that assimilates the topos as a kind of bridge that removes all the inessential aspects of things to be connected to keep an common essence that associates mathematical things. One of the most promising avenues from the archeology of the discourse on the topos is the reading by meaning. This art of reading well gives rise to the notion of conceptual strata which shows that the things to be connected have a layered configuration. What seems insignificant-in view of a supposed essence-through one conceptual stratum, might seem important through another, even capital. Rather than calling something 'insignificant', a consistent relativism of 'insignificant for' would be more appropriate, according to the conceptual stratum considered.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d694f6440a595e2231a47b0ed96e154f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117953082,"asset_id":123166049,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117953082/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123166049"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123166049"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123166049; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123166049]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123166049]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123166049; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123166049']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123576727"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123576727/The_Limits_of_the_Rhetoric_of_Islamic_Social_Finance_through_the_Triptych_Waqf_Umran_Maash"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Limits of the Rhetoric of Islamic Social Finance through the Triptych Waqf, 'Umran, Ma'ash" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117976732/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123576727/The_Limits_of_the_Rhetoric_of_Islamic_Social_Finance_through_the_Triptych_Waqf_Umran_Maash">The Limits of the Rhetoric of Islamic Social Finance through the Triptych Waqf, 'Umran, Ma'ash</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Zakat & Social Finance </span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Through the Triptych waqf, umran, maash, the aim of the research is to explores the limits of the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Through the Triptych waqf, umran, maash, the aim of the research is to explores the limits of the rhetoric which interpret sadaqah, zakat, waqf as elements of social finance. Among the main results in the research are: (1) The notion of social finance by assimilating sadaqah, zakat and waqf to capital impoverishes these phenomena that have deep historical roots and empties them of their substance; (2) The financialization of sadaqah, zakat and waqf leads to the extension of the domain of property, to the detriment of that of public goods and common goods, and to the increase in inequalities; (3)  This tendency constitutes a paradox to the extent that what has served for centuries to provide the essential social needs is subject to capture by private interests. The use of the adjective Islamic is more a matter of home-made lexicon than a result of a rigorous approach. At first glance, the rhetoric of Islamic social finance seems virtuous, but it turns out to be conceptually incoherent. What arouses the rhetoric of Islamic social finance is less difference than an exacerbated desire for convergence.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9d6a5e5e1f588eaefa32a97d1613e9ab" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117976732,"asset_id":123576727,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117976732/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123576727"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123576727"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123576727; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123576727]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123576727]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123576727; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123576727']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9d6a5e5e1f588eaefa32a97d1613e9ab" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123576727]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123576727,"title":"The Limits of the Rhetoric of Islamic Social Finance through the Triptych Waqf, 'Umran, Ma'ash","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123576727/The_Limits_of_the_Rhetoric_of_Islamic_Social_Finance_through_the_Triptych_Waqf_Umran_Maash","owner_id":5588187,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"owner":{"id":5588187,"first_name":"Prof Dr Abderrazak Said","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Belabes","page_name":"AbderrazakBelabes","domain_name":"kau","created_at":"2013-09-16T18:14:40.431-07:00","display_name":"Prof Dr Abderrazak Said Belabes","url":"https://kau.academia.edu/AbderrazakBelabes"},"attachments":[{"id":117976732,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117976732/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"limits_social_finance_rhetoric.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117976732/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Limits_of_the_Rhetoric_of_Islamic_So.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117976732/limits_social_finance_rhetoric-libre.pdf?1725528438=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Limits_of_the_Rhetoric_of_Islamic_So.pdf\u0026Expires=1740051601\u0026Signature=K38t8cwPkdCtkWGquE3EQOHpnLgE6FNexMdXJvacaHu8NlhsFtpoyh7Gosrmf5x7lLv1IfGMMGNaaW1w35tFU3oiQe9oXFB7tsLOTIY8GHFq-x4ytdR950rzkVJh0deKknjN1rYpi3nBtKYo3JIlyo74-mGm4bnXvwR6gV~y5ayyPXgsD2T3iAeO6OFLqvV9DLxvYqCw4d7UBfKv0ANnzA4OO9EPdaDIU3kdsBhMep2sPRslSGaIksEv68WWeanETTiX89Ti2ItA9umQogN5hjOltgySOXwTGG~xK6lHQ4jIaMKCEM9s1Mh6BvqSz0DEMYsIRK8wBQ1arp9Gv4vqng__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121652451"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121652451/Conceptualizing_the_Young_Women_Social_Entrepreneurship_Phenomenon_in_al_Madinah_al_Munawarah"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Conceptualizing the Young Women Social Entrepreneurship Phenomenon in al-Madinah al-Munawarah" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116480572/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121652451/Conceptualizing_the_Young_Women_Social_Entrepreneurship_Phenomenon_in_al_Madinah_al_Munawarah">Conceptualizing the Young Women Social Entrepreneurship Phenomenon in al-Madinah al-Munawarah</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Social entrepreneurship has become a global trend, and in Saudi Arabia, it is gaining traction am...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Social entrepreneurship has become a global trend, and in Saudi Arabia, it is gaining traction among public authorities, financial institutions, young people, and academics. Despite its growing popularity, scientific publications on the subject remain limited. This study aims to conceptualize the phenomenon of young women's social entrepreneurship in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, the cradle of Muslim civilization and Islamic charity. Based on the field experience of Basiqāt Waqf, which trained 128 young women from 2020-2022 in personal development and entrepreneurial excellence using the Personal Development Analysis (PDA) tool, the study finds existing models insufficient to capture the multidimensionality of this phenomenon. A key factor identified is the intrinsic pleasure young women derive from engaging in social entrepreneurship projects that sustainably improve the quality of life in the holy city. The challenge lies in identifying what these women love doing while being beneficial to others. Despite limitations, this study aids stakeholders in better coordinating efforts to promote social entrepreneurship among young women in Madinah beyond merely creating a competitive or attractive ecosystem. Data from 2023-2024 indicate that many of these trained women actively participate in the Basiqat project, particularly in organizing the breaking of the Ramadan fast at the Prophet's Mosque.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a86a6ed5b5b2e1fa725605d2e9bdb28c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116480572,"asset_id":121652451,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116480572/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121652451"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121652451"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121652451; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123538277"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123538277/Artificial_Intelligence_vs_Real_Economy_Where_will_Islamic_finance_invest_in_the_most"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Artificial Intelligence vs Real Economy: Where will Islamic finance invest in the most?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118124743/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123538277/Artificial_Intelligence_vs_Real_Economy_Where_will_Islamic_finance_invest_in_the_most">Artificial Intelligence vs Real Economy: Where will Islamic finance invest in the most?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Islamic Finance News</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c33bdf5f9332e1e5746d0815ce042524" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118124743,"asset_id":123538277,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118124743/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123538277"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123538277"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123538277; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123002933"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123002933/The_schools_of_economic_thought_as_modes_of_existence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The schools of economic thought as modes of existence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117540938/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123002933/The_schools_of_economic_thought_as_modes_of_existence">The schools of economic thought as modes of existence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Reading books on the history of economic thought gives the impression that economics has been bui...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Reading books on the history of economic thought gives the impression that economics has been built on a fighter mode: a fight between economist and his competitors, between econometrics and literature, between microeconomics and macroeconomics, between behavioral economics and neoclassical economics, between neuroeconomics and behavioral economics. This chapter invites to reflect on the way in which schools of economic thought invent enemies to justify their presence. To do this, it proposes a way out by approaching schools of economic thought as modes of existence. The concept of instauration is the keystone. To instaure is to think in terms of ways of living that will not be swept away by the requirements of economic thought, and to bring into existence those we need just as much as they need us. Instauring means not consigning possible ways of approaching economic life to oblivion.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ae498d4b96990f3520100363244913f0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117540938,"asset_id":123002933,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117540938/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123002933"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123002933"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123002933; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122965174"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965174/Toward_an_economic_vocabulary_related_to_life"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Toward an economic vocabulary related to life" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117512814/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965174/Toward_an_economic_vocabulary_related_to_life">Toward an economic vocabulary related to life</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of this chapter is to address a sensitive issue relating to the pitfalls of economic ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of this chapter is to address a sensitive issue relating to the pitfalls of economic vocabulary. Opposing something by using its vocabulary is tantamount to supporting it, since both epistemological postures lead to its continuation. When we start paying attention to the words we use, we will not see economic life in the same way. By way of illustration, the chapter compares the words ‘holobiont’, ‘engendering’, and ‘collective’ with the words ‘individual’, ‘production’, and ‘society’, respectively. Beyond the epistemological postures of adaptation and opposition, which merely maintain the status quo, there is the possibility of influencing the course of things and redefining what exists, just as there is the possibility of creating new modes of existence.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fd45478d0bba7d8046ddb3e51917b504" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117512814,"asset_id":122965174,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117512814/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122965174"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122965174"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122965174; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122965009"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965009/Topos_for_in_depth_study_of_economic_life"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Topos for in-depth study of economic life" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117512695/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965009/Topos_for_in_depth_study_of_economic_life">Topos for in-depth study of economic life</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The aim of the chapter is to discuss the theory of topos invented by Alexandre Grothendieck as a ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The aim of the chapter is to discuss the theory of topos invented by Alexandre Grothendieck as a “deep river” that allows to perceive the original relationships between worlds that are hidden by formal languages, theoretical frameworks, quantitative models, and conceptual veils. This exceptionally rich tool lends itself to extremely broad applications. Toposes could even become the mathematics of artificial intelligence. Starting from life, the notion of topos offers the possibility of highlighting similarities where economic analyses have seen only differences. It sheds light on what has been ignored, and what has never fitted in with the one-dimensionality of calculability, the linearity of progress, and the horizontality of causality, which make us lose sight of the essential, that is, what is deeply rooted in life.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a820141e02aad0018feb0d75506fec66" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117512695,"asset_id":122965009,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117512695/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122965009"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122965009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122965009; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122965118"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965118/The_phenomenon_of_avoidance_in_economic_literature"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The phenomenon of avoidance in economic literature" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117512781/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965118/The_phenomenon_of_avoidance_in_economic_literature">The phenomenon of avoidance in economic literature</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The aim of this chapter is to shed light on the phenomenon of avoidance in economics around money...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The aim of this chapter is to shed light on the phenomenon of avoidance in economics around money as a complex and intertwined phenomenon. Based on Bernard Lietaer’s statement that Paul Krugman told him, in Seoul, during a conference following the Korean financial crisis of 1997–1998, that he had always followed advice given to him by his professors at MIT: “Never touch the monetary system”. Although attractive, Bernard Lieater’s interpretation is ideologically biased. If an economist seems to avoid a subject, the one who opposes it also avoids the subject without realizing it. It is the paradox of counter-avoidance, which produces the opposite of what was intended. The very essence of in-depth economic analysis is to understand that we have understood nothing. Hence the importance of morphological analysis, which allows a systematic and transparent scanning of the field of possible scenarios.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="de1c6b5aa99dd7acbbb9e25fd5ad6e7e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117512781,"asset_id":122965118,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117512781/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122965118"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122965118"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122965118; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122965071"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965071/Toward_the_opening_of_data_sciences_to_life_beyond_AIs_black_box"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Toward the opening of data sciences to life beyond AI's black box" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117512743/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122965071/Toward_the_opening_of_data_sciences_to_life_beyond_AIs_black_box">Toward the opening of data sciences to life beyond AI's black box</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The aim of the chapter is to explore the construction of data sciences more open to life in its b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The aim of the chapter is to explore the construction of data sciences more open to life in its broadest sense starting from the Arabic etymology of the word ‘data’, which fundamentally refers to both the idea of ‘connecting’ and ‘cutting’. Data is not a goal in itself, but should be used as an instrument to enrich the understanding of life, particularly economic life, by taking the necessary step back from the black boxes of artificial intelligence whose internal functioning is invisible to users. The value of the data varies over milieu (umwelt, fūdo, 風土), time, and content; they have no value in isolation. Data should not be sanctified as a value in itself. There is neither intrinsic nor absolute nor universal in the data.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1efe0009aa3051daa9d0d7f10d59a9af" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117512743,"asset_id":122965071,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117512743/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122965071"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122965071"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122965071; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122964976"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122964976/Al_Far%C4%81h%C4%ABd%C4%ABs_notion_of_ma%CA%BF%C4%81sh_associating_what_we_live_from_and_what_we_life_in"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Al-Farāhīdī's notion of maʿāsh associating 'what we live from' and 'what we life in'" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117512674/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122964976/Al_Far%C4%81h%C4%ABd%C4%ABs_notion_of_ma%CA%BF%C4%81sh_associating_what_we_live_from_and_what_we_life_in">Al-Farāhīdī's notion of maʿāsh associating 'what we live from' and 'what we life in'</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Starting from the notion of Maʿāsh elaborated by al-Farāhīdī’s more than 12 centuries ago associa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Starting from the notion of Maʿāsh elaborated by al-Farāhīdī’s more than 12 centuries ago associating ‘what we live from’ and ‘what we live in’, the chapter shows that this association can be found in contemporary authors although they have not read al-Farāhīdī. This constitutes a novel topos that invites us to go beyond dualisms. Ideas that reflect life do not die; they may be neglected, but one day or another, they regain their rightful place. This makes it possible to create topos with other notions that reflect life, such as the transition from ‘living from’ to ‘living with’ and ‘living for’. In this way, one living topos leads to others. This is in line with the approach, which views economy as the way ‘we take care of each other’. Such an approach gives its letters of nobility to modes of existence that go back a very long time like gift, endowment, foundation, qodesh, waqf, and きしん (kishin), to remind us that ‘living for’ by preserving ‘what we live in’ is the foundation of collective life to share ‘what we live from’.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8da0ce797db3de61f8064b7a599372a6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117512674,"asset_id":122964976,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117512674/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122964976"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122964976"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122964976; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="5549270" id="conferencepresentations"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27202711"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/27202711/Les_r%C3%A9seaux_de_la_finance_islamique_sur_la_Place_de_Paris_S%C3%A9minaire_de_lInstitut_d_%C3%A9tudes_de_l_Islam_et_des_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_du_monde_musulman_Ecole_des_Hautes_Etudes_en_Sciences_Sociales_Paris_bient%C3%B4t_disponible_sur_la_plateforme_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Les réseaux de la finance islamique sur la Place de Paris (Séminaire de l'Institut d’études de l’Islam et des sociétés du monde musulman, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, bientôt disponible sur la plateforme)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47456138/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27202711/Les_r%C3%A9seaux_de_la_finance_islamique_sur_la_Place_de_Paris_S%C3%A9minaire_de_lInstitut_d_%C3%A9tudes_de_l_Islam_et_des_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_du_monde_musulman_Ecole_des_Hautes_Etudes_en_Sciences_Sociales_Paris_bient%C3%B4t_disponible_sur_la_plateforme_">Les réseaux de la finance islamique sur la Place de Paris (Séminaire de l'Institut d’études de l’Islam et des sociétés du monde musulman, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, bientôt disponible sur la plateforme)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Résumé: L'objet de cette enquête est d'explorer les facteurs influençant la formation des réseaux...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Résumé: L'objet de cette enquête est d'explorer les facteurs influençant la formation des réseaux de la finance islamique sur la Place de Paris. Elle s'appuie sur une posture épistémologique qui tente de saisir la dynamique des pratiques économiques se réclamant du religieux plutôt que l'économie religieuse à proprement parler. A l'issue de l'enquête, les facteurs qui se révèlent déterminants sont: la sensibilité confessionnelle, professionnelle, associative, patriotique et politique. Contre toute attente, la sensibilité confessionnelle, en l'occurrence l'islam, n'apparaît pas comme le facteur prépondérant. La dynamique qui sous-tend la formation de ces réseaux se révèle davantage affinitaire que confessionnelle.<br />Mots-clés: Finance, Islam, réseaux, Place de Paris</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b5163c345201b9d94d1f0b77d5149781" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47456138,"asset_id":27202711,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47456138/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27202711"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27202711"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27202711; 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Si ces dichotomies ouvrent des mondes, l'encastrement de la finance islamique dans le compartiment de la finance éthique ou celui de la finance morale y jette un voile. En prenant de la distance par rapport au normativisme conceptuel, il apparaît que l'éthique et la finalité sont indissociables de la morale et de l'injonction et que les préoccupations finaliste et éthique traduisent davantage une régression de la pratique qu'une connaissance éminente ou un savoir supérieur. Mots-clés : Finance islamique, épistémologie, injonction, finalité, morale, éthique, Arabie saoudite ( * ) Docteur en analyse et politique économiques de l'Eco le des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (Paris), memb re du corps d'enseignement du diplôme d'</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bcae06e8db0b0cff9d422b4656b49611" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47986590,"asset_id":27282400,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47986590/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27282400"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27282400"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27282400; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27632600"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/27632600/Les_principes_de_la_finance_islamique_sous_le_prisme_des_syst%C3%A8mes_complexes_via_le_triptyque_HQM"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Les principes de la finance islamique sous le prisme des systèmes complexes via le triptyque 'HQM'" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47897429/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27632600/Les_principes_de_la_finance_islamique_sous_le_prisme_des_syst%C3%A8mes_complexes_via_le_triptyque_HQM">Les principes de la finance islamique sous le prisme des systèmes complexes via le triptyque 'HQM'</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Les principes de la finance islamique font l'objet d'une attention accrue depuis la crise financi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Les principes de la finance islamique font l'objet d'une attention accrue depuis la crise financière internationale de 2008. L'analyse de la littérature montre que le sujet est appréhendé de manière linéaire et construit, dans une large mesure, en reflet inversé de la finance globale sans distinguer le fondamental du secondaire, le général du spécifique et du partiel. L'objectif de cet article est de proposer un cadre méthodologique qui permet d'aborder l'objet de manière rigoureuse, sous le prisme des systèmes complexes, via un triptyque conceptuel puisé dans le corpus méthodologique des sciences islamiques classiques. Au final, le triptyque permet de distinguer les principes qui constituent des prescriptions de ceux qui constituent des normes, les principes qui constituent des prescriptions fondamentales de ceux qui constituent des prescriptions secondaires, les principes qui sont liés à une finalité générale de ceux qui sont liés à des finalités spécifiques. Ce qui permet de dégager trois principes fondamentaux : la prohibition du ribā, la prohibition du gharar excessif, la règle de "al-ghunm bi-al-ghurm", selon laquelle on ne peut jouir des avantages d'un actif sans être tenu d'en supporter les inconvénients, et dont la portée dépasse l'idée en vogue de partage des profits et pertes, souvent présentée comme le trait distinctif du système de financement islamique. Mots-clés : Finance, Islam, principes, prescriptions, règles de la jurisprudence, finalités de la shar'īah, pensée linéaire, pensée complexe, triptyque 'HQM'</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="92c730fea0e7177455732d5b7a26ec01" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47897429,"asset_id":27632600,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47897429/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27632600"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27632600"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27632600; 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L'objet de cet article ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Selon une expression populaire, l'histoire est écrite par les vainqueurs. L'objet de cet article est de proposer une toute autre lecture à travers une archéologie du discours sur l'histoire de la banque islamique en Algérie : l'histoire est écrite par les vaincus ou par ceux qui aspirent au pouvoir au prix d'une soumission au vainqueur ou à celui qui est considéré comme tel. La lecture de l'histoire de cette élite évolue donc lorsque le pouvoir paraît meilleur ailleurs. A travers cette posture consistant à servir le plus offrant parmi les maîtres de la finance globale attribuée ou se réclamant de l'Islam, cette élite ne contribue-t-elle pas à asservir la société au lieu de l'éclairer, à la détacher de manière paradoxale de son patrimoine immatériel sur lequel repose finalement toute recherche de solution financière originale et viable ? Ce qui met en jeu deux visions de l'histoire. Pour la première, le territoire d'activité constitue un simple ingrédient de la quête de pouvoir nourri du désir de prestige et de l'obsession de grandeur. Pour la seconde, le solutionnement financier découle d'initiatives locales comme celle qui a été lancée par un groupe d'homme d'affaires à Alger à la fin des années vingt du siècle dernier. En somme, l'histoire de la banque islamique en Algérie n'est pas continue mais discontinue. Pour que son écriture soit ouverte au débat et à la critique, il convient de désacraliser l'institution. 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The theme of the book is centered on how to design and develop Islamic products in project finance; which a part is based on credit and other Shari'ah compliant financing in the French context. As a result, Islamic finance is considered as a complement and not as an alternate to conventional finance.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="57e9e695e8328543224e87046a7ae911" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47131835,"asset_id":26863992,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47131835/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26863992"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26863992"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26863992; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27619910"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/27619910/%D8%A5%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of إشكالية إدراج التمويل الإسلامي في القانون الفرنسي" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47884867/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27619910/%D8%A5%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A">إشكالية إدراج التمويل الإسلامي في القانون الفرنسي</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper examines the problem of introduction of Islamic finance in French law. Since French la...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper examines the problem of introduction of Islamic finance in French law. Since French law does not intend to create a specific law for Islamic finance, there remains two options: to stick to the existing legislative framework by structuring some instruments of Islamic finance in order to appear Shariah compliant, or find a legislative vehicle that can contain the principles of Islamic finance. After the decision of the French government to introduce Islamic finance in French law through a trust system, it seems to favor the use of existing legal structures rather than seeking to amend laws. This retreat suggests that the purpose approach that focuses on the economic impacts tend to take more weight than the legislative approach that offers more room for compatibility with the Shariah. If this trend actually materialized, it means that the structuring of instruments of Islamic finance in France will be guided by a propensity to use stratagems. What will be the position of Shariah boards: correct such practices or, conversely, justify them for the sake of spreading Islamic finance and promoting the integration of Muslims in France?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="84881267ea721675b7db7dd3c53edb82" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47884867,"asset_id":27619910,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47884867/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27619910"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27619910"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27619910; 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Since French la...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper examines the problem of introduction of Islamic finance in French law. Since French law does not intend to create a specific law for Islamic finance, there remains two options: to stick to the existing legislative framework by structuring some instruments of Islamic finance in order to appear Shariah compliant, or find a legislative vehicle that can contain the principles of Islamic finance. After the decision of the French government to introduce Islamic finance in French law through a trust system, it seems to favor the use of existing legal structures rather than seeking to amend laws. This retreat suggests that the purpose approach that focuses on the economic impacts tend to take more weight than the legislative approach that offers more room for compatibility with the Shariah. If this trend actually materialized, it means that the structuring of instruments of Islamic finance in France will be guided by a propensity to use stratagems. What will be the position of Shariah boards: correct such practices or, conversely, justify them for the sake of spreading Islamic finance and promoting the integration of Muslims in France?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cf0f32f5b6f3022919c258bddf661410" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47884981,"asset_id":27620178,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47884981/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27620178"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27620178"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27620178; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26732721"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26732721/Myth_and_Paradox_of_U_S_Competitiveness_Debate_from_the_End_of_the_World_War_II_to_Nowadays"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Myth and Paradox of "U.S. Competitiveness" Debate from the End of the World War II to Nowadays" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47012201/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26732721/Myth_and_Paradox_of_U_S_Competitiveness_Debate_from_the_End_of_the_World_War_II_to_Nowadays">Myth and Paradox of "U.S. Competitiveness" Debate from the End of the World War II to Nowadays</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper constitutes the first research that examines the historical origin of the debate about...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper constitutes the first research that examines the historical origin of the debate about &quot;U.S. competitiveness&quot;. It takes a special interest in a &quot;myth&quot; widely spread that concern over &quot;U.S. competitiveness&quot; arose between the beginning of the late 1970s and 1986. In fact, these preoccupations were to take place once at the end of World War II.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5569b5b18a3a1cf77ef3f8ac24caa0a2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47012201,"asset_id":26732721,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47012201/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26732721"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26732721"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26732721; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27604461"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/27604461/Le_Mythe_de_la_comp%C3%A9titivit%C3%A9_induite_par_la_crise_Arch%C3%A9ologie_du_d%C3%A9bat_fran%C3%A7ais_de_la_grande_d%C3%A9pression_au_premier_choc_p%C3%A9trolier"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Le Mythe de la compétitivité induite par la crise: Archéologie du débat français de la grande dépression au premier choc pétrolier" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47868581/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27604461/Le_Mythe_de_la_comp%C3%A9titivit%C3%A9_induite_par_la_crise_Arch%C3%A9ologie_du_d%C3%A9bat_fran%C3%A7ais_de_la_grande_d%C3%A9pression_au_premier_choc_p%C3%A9trolier">Le Mythe de la compétitivité induite par la crise: Archéologie du débat français de la grande dépression au premier choc pétrolier</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">According to a myth widely spread in the economic literature, the concern over national competiti...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">According to a myth widely spread in the economic literature, the concern over national competitiveness arose around the end of the 1960s and the begining of the 1970s. Yet as early as 1947 in France, the constraint of competitiveness is integrated, by the French neoliberals, in the confidential debates of policy makers notably those of the Plan and the Ministry of Finance. For lack of critical learning, the belief in such myth led, since 1968 many policy makers and company heads, to pose a problem of competitiveness in the terms of war and survival, that led them to push the objectif of full employment into the background. Since the end of the 1980s, the speech about globalization came to accentuate this tendency. Résumé : Selon un mythe largement répandu dans la littérature économique, les préoccupations à l'égard de la compétitivité nationale sont apparues entre la fin des années 1960 et le début des années 1970. Pourtant, en France dès 1947, la contrainte de compétitivité est intégrée, par les néolibéraux français, dans les discussions confidentielles des décideurs politiques notamment au Plan et au Ministère des Finances. A défaut de savoirs critiques, la croyance en ce mythe a conduit, depuis 1968 de nombreux hommes politiques et chefs d'entreprises, à poser le problème de compétitivité en termes de guerre et de survie, ce qui les a entraîné à reléguer au second plan l'objectif de plein emploi. Depuis la fin des années 1980, le discours sur la mondialisation est venu accentuer cette tendance. Classification JEL : B22 , F 13, L16, L52, N40, P17.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5e219f708307d94627443991e9aa8236" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47868581,"asset_id":27604461,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47868581/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27604461"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27604461"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27604461; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="5621359" id="media"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27659688"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/27659688/Mind_the_Gap_Opportunities_in_Islamic_Infrastructure_Financing_Participation_in_Debate_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mind the Gap: Opportunities in Islamic Infrastructure Financing (Participation in Debate)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47925135/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27659688/Mind_the_Gap_Opportunities_in_Islamic_Infrastructure_Financing_Participation_in_Debate_">Mind the Gap: Opportunities in Islamic Infrastructure Financing (Participation in Debate)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From its small beginnings, Islamic project financing has grown exponentially over the last five y...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From its small beginnings, Islamic project financing has grown exponentially over the last five years to become one of the biggest growth sectors for the industry. This week we take a look at what is happening in the infrastructure arena: its rapid growth, its vast funding needs and the exceptional opportunity for growth it represents for our industry.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b739eac4edf7809121357fbe30f11097" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47925135,"asset_id":27659688,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47925135/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27659688"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27659688"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27659688; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26919385"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26919385/Islamic_Finance_at_the_Top_10_Business_Schools"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Islamic Finance at the Top 10 Business Schools" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47183930/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26919385/Islamic_Finance_at_the_Top_10_Business_Schools">Islamic Finance at the Top 10 Business Schools</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">If one refers to the classifi cation criteria in ranking these masters degrees: namely, research ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">If one refers to the classifi cation criteria in ranking these masters degrees: namely, research opportunities, diversity and internationalization, Islamic fi nance is involved almost in all these criteria.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="58a05b60150c5d596f4a6da541a68250" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47183930,"asset_id":26919385,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47183930/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26919385"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26919385"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26919385; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="5953075" id="waqf"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41519918"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41519918/Digital_waqf_What_are_We_Talking_About_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A1_%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Digital waqf: What are We Talking About? الوقف الرقمي: عن أي شيء نتحدث؟" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61684376/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41519918/Digital_waqf_What_are_We_Talking_About_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A1_%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_">Digital waqf: What are We Talking About? الوقف الرقمي: عن أي شيء نتحدث؟</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>waqfuna,com</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of this reflection is to deconstruct the discourse on digital waqf. After going beyon...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of this reflection is to deconstruct the discourse on digital waqf. After going beyond the conceptual smoke screen, it appears that digital waqf is part of the financialization  of the phenomenon whose origins goes back to ancient times. This paradoxically reinforces the inequality that the proponents of this discourse claim to fight with all their might. Finally, the most adequate word seems to be the following: fundraising for awqaf via new information and communication technologies. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29622764"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29622764/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of عندما تنافس بنوك الاستثمار المنصات الرقمية للقرض بين الأفراد" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50063294/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29622764/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF">عندما تنافس بنوك الاستثمار المنصات الرقمية للقرض بين الأفراد</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">‫منصة‬ ‫املنصرم‬ ‫الشهر‬ ‫بداية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫العامل،‬ ‫يف‬ ‫االستثمار‬ ‫بنوك‬ ‫أكرب‬ ‫أحد‬ ، ‫قمية‬ ‫ر‬...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">‫منصة‬ ‫املنصرم‬ ‫الشهر‬ ‫بداية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫العامل،‬ ‫يف‬ ‫االستثمار‬ ‫بنوك‬ ‫أكرب‬ ‫أحد‬ ، ‫قمية‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫يف‬ ‫متخصصة‬ ‫اد‬ ‫لألفر‬ ‫لقرض‬ ( peer-to-peer ) . ‫هل‬ ‫اختري‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ " ‫إسم‬ ‫كو‬ ‫مار‬ ‫س‬ " ( Marcus ‫غولدمان‬ ‫كوس‬ ‫مار‬ ‫البنك‬ ‫مؤسس‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫نسبة‬ ) ( an Marcus Goldm ) ‫منذ‬ . ً ‫عاما‬ ‫بعون‬ ‫أر‬ ‫و‬ ‫وسبعة‬ ‫مائة‬ ‫اجلديدة‬ ‫املنشأة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تسعى‬ ‫ل‬ ‫قمية‬ ‫الر‬ ‫املنصات‬ ‫ملنافسة‬ ‫اد‬ ‫األفر‬ ‫بني‬ ‫لقرض‬ ‫كلوب‬ ‫الندينغ‬ ‫أسها‬ ‫ر‬ ‫على‬ ، ( LendingClub ( ‫وبروسرب‬ ) Prosper .) ‫ا‬ ‫اسرت‬ ‫يف‬ ‫املشروع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يندرج‬ ‫ت‬ ‫باحها‬ ‫أر‬ ‫فرص‬ ‫يادة‬ ‫وز‬ ‫نشاطاهتا‬ ‫توسيع‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫تسعى‬ ‫اليت‬ ‫اجلديدة‬ ‫ساكس‬ ‫غولدمان‬ ‫يجية‬ ‫املالية‬ ‫اق‬ ‫األسو‬ ‫يف‬ ‫ة‬ ‫السمسر‬ ‫تباطؤ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫جر‬ ‫من‬ ‫تتآكل‬ ‫اليت‬ ، ‫ق‬ ‫ور‬ ‫قي‬ ‫امة‬ ‫صر‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫ابة‬ ‫أنشطة‬ ‫دت‬ ‫السوق‬ ‫املخاطر‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ال‬ ‫عالية‬ ، ‫ألزمت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ازي‬ ‫بالتو‬ ‫البنوك‬ ‫الكبرية‬ ‫احتياطاهتا‬ ‫يادة‬ ‫بز‬ ‫ملساعدة‬ ‫نفسها‬ ‫يف‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫أزمة‬ ‫وقوع‬ ‫مالية‬ ‫جديدة‬ . ( ‫كي‬ ‫التشار‬ ‫االقتصاد‬ ‫عن‬ ‫اخلطاب‬ ‫جدية‬ ‫عن‬ ً ‫تساؤال‬ ‫يطرح‬ ‫ل‬ ‫التحو‬ ‫هذا‬ sharing economy ) ‫ـ:‬ ‫ب‬ ‫يوسم‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫وي‬ ‫"البديل"،‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ة‬ ‫قدر‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫ه‬ ‫مر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫بنوك‬ ‫الر‬ ‫بوية‬ ‫الكربى‬ ‫الفائقة‬ ‫بدائل.‬ ‫من‬ ‫يطرح‬ ‫ما‬ ‫اء‬ ‫احتو‬ ‫على‬ ‫املتحمسني‬ ‫فعلى‬ ‫قمي‬ ‫الر‬ ‫للتمويل‬ -ً ‫حل‬ ‫ه‬ ‫باعتبار‬ ً ‫يا‬ ‫سحر‬ ‫يضمن‬ ‫حتقيق‬ ‫أ‬ ‫خدمة‬ ‫فضل‬ ‫بأ‬ ‫قل‬ ‫تكلفة‬ -ً ‫قليل‬ ‫يث‬ ‫الرت‬ ‫األوهام‬ ‫بيع‬ ‫لتفادي‬ . ‫إىل‬ ‫املايل‬ ‫اجملال‬ ‫يف‬ ‫قمية‬ ‫الر‬ ‫التكنولوجيا‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫سيؤدي‬ ‫هل‬ ‫هو:‬ ‫عنه‬ ‫نغفل‬ ‫أال‬ ‫ينبغي‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫اجلوهري‬ ‫ال‬ ‫السؤ‬ ‫س‬ ِّ ‫كر‬ ‫سي‬ ‫ه‬ َ ‫أن‬ ‫أم‬ ‫للثروة‬ ً ‫عدال‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫يع‬ ‫توز‬ ‫اكم‬ ‫تر‬ ‫رؤوس‬ ‫ال‬ ‫األمو‬ ‫يف‬ ‫أيدي‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ة‬ ‫القل‬</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5ad5142990b0d2f4350dc96df29389a3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50063294,"asset_id":29622764,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50063294/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29622764"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29622764"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29622764; 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Aujourd'hui, nous affichons des chiffres records en matière de production de victimes de Corona virus (P vc ).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="888f09eaba817b813b965d228103c989" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62945010,"asset_id":42728192,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62945010/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42728192"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42728192"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42728192; 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After a survey is made for studies in economic science signs in Holly Quran ,the answer is that, there are economic science signs in Economic polices and regulations but not in economics. ٤٢ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ١٤٣١ / ١٤٣٢ ‫ھـ‬ (17) Hale Alice, Assets-Backed Securities Tapping Surplus Liquidity, From Website:</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="68ccb1f177dac30d1e1561df0ee5cd29" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51410601,"asset_id":30977490,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51410601/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30977490"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30977490"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30977490; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30977444"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30977444/Variety_of_Models_for_Welcoming_Islamic_Finance_into_National_Law"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Variety of Models for Welcoming Islamic Finance into National Law" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51410551/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30977444/Variety_of_Models_for_Welcoming_Islamic_Finance_into_National_Law">Variety of Models for Welcoming Islamic Finance into National Law</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present paper highlights the variety of legal models for welcoming Islamic finance in differe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present paper highlights the variety of legal models for welcoming Islamic finance in different countries. This modeling breaks the symmetry between the conventional, the dual and the Islamic regimes put forward by the economic literature, and emphasizes some relationships and interactions which sometimes lead to backtracking. Thus, there is no valid universal model for all countries. The welcoming of Islamic finance tends to take place in stages in a concerted manner that best meets the specific characteristics of each country. and trade law" (Affaki, 2008:170). This does not mean that the identity of legal traditions should disappear, but means that normative systems "are not exclusive of one another, as bridges are built between each other and that ideas are exchanged, while preserving the values and distinguishing features of each system" (Affaki, 2008:170-171).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7524f9a3e45e960355ff923fe3cd59e7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51410551,"asset_id":30977444,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51410551/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30977444"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30977444"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30977444; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29645645"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29645645/Pour_un_usage_mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9_de_l_adjectif_islamique_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pour un usage modéré de l’adjectif « islamique »" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50088247/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29645645/Pour_un_usage_mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9_de_l_adjectif_islamique_">Pour un usage modéré de l’adjectif « islamique »</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Pour un usage modéré de l'adjectif « islamique » Abderrazak BELABES Depuis l'avènement de l'Islam...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Pour un usage modéré de l'adjectif « islamique » Abderrazak BELABES Depuis l'avènement de l'Islam, l'usage de l'adjectif « islamique » ‫,)إسالمي(‬ qui renvoie à « ce qui est relatif à l'Islam », n'a jamais été aussi florissant. Certains y trouvent leur compte, d'autres y mettent quelques réserves. L'usage excessif de cet adjectif tend à enfermer la réflexion dans une pensée floue et vague qui met quasiment en suspens l'esprit critique et élimine de manière plus ou moins systématique le temps et l'espace. D'où la formule célèbre : « aussi ancien que l'Islam lui-même » ‫نفسه(‬ ‫اإلسالم‬ ‫م‬ َ ‫د‬ ِ ‫ق‬ ‫مي‬ ِ ‫د‬ َ ‫.)ق‬ Cet usage tend, par ailleurs, à exclure de manière automatique ce qui n'est pas qualifié d'islamique ‫اإلسالمي(‬ ‫,)غري‬ le rend insignifiant, dénué de valeur ou presque. Il réduit, enfin, des objets complexes et variés à quelque chose appelée « islamique ».</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4f2273f60b008db4ed5e4b6a0d6bad0b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50088247,"asset_id":29645645,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50088247/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29645645"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29645645"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29645645; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29688814"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29688814/Pourquoi_devons_nous_aborder_notre_objet_de_recherche_en_sciences_sociales_sans_certitude_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pourquoi devons-nous aborder notre objet de recherche en sciences sociales sans certitude ?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50130209/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29688814/Pourquoi_devons_nous_aborder_notre_objet_de_recherche_en_sciences_sociales_sans_certitude_">Pourquoi devons-nous aborder notre objet de recherche en sciences sociales sans certitude ?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Pourquoi devons-nous aborder notre objet de recherche en sciences sociales sans certitude ? Abder...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Pourquoi devons-nous aborder notre objet de recherche en sciences sociales sans certitude ? Abderrazak BELABES Je reçois de manière régulière des sollicitations d'étudiants en master ou en thèse pour évaluer leurs problématiques respectives en finance islamique. Le dénominateur commun à la plupart de ces projets en phase d'esquisse, c'est la certitude. Si nous abordons nos objets de recherche avec une posture épistémologique aussi tranchée, pourquoi donnons-nous tant de peine à chercher ? La certitude ne constitue-t-elle pas un frein à une réflexion digne de ce nom ? La certitude ne conduit-elle pas au dogmatisme, la tendance à affirmer sans débat, ni preuve ce que l'on avance avec son corolaire l'autisme, qui constitue une forme de repli sur soi, avec refus de la réalité et d'entendre autrui ? Dans l'univers de la certitude, il n'y a point de place pour le questionnement, ni pour le débat de fond. Il n'y a que des réponses, des solutions toutes prêtes, niant le temps, l'espace, la diversité culturelle, patrimoine commun de l'humanité. Il convient de ne pas mélanger entre ce que l'on croit et ce que l'on étudie en science sociales, de comprendre le monde comme il est, non comme nous voudrions qu'il soit ou qu'il ne se soit pas, ce qui revient au même.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a7f045b35ceeba42724a1baa88c6fbce" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50130209,"asset_id":29688814,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50130209/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29688814"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29688814"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29688814; 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