CINXE.COM
(PDF) كنت أفهم الوقف وأصبحت لا أفهمه
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="s07UZNgxCuwczDbzKPN_ExMa6On-2RjZQ_5V7mzsE-M0c8uh_Vu8jvyhlTYi4IsLrflqe0kXl8iTPIcE5WozpA" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="كنت أفهم الوقف وأصبحت لا أفهمه" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Prof Dr Abderrazak Said Belabes" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/30049861/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="كنت أفهم الوقف وأصبحت لا أفهمه" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/5588187/13379496/121349195/s200_prof_dr_abderrazak.belabes.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/30049861/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87" /> <meta property="og:title" content="كنت أفهم الوقف وأصبحت لا أفهمه" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="كنت أفهم الوقف وأصبحت لا أفهمه" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://kau.academia.edu/AbderrazakBelabes" /> <meta name="description" content="كنت أفهم الوقف وأصبحت لا أفهمه" /> <title>(PDF) كنت أفهم الوقف وأصبحت لا أفهمه</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/30049861/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '76fc599fe9ec1fff2969df94a387714e0e55b182'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740160324000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740160324000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Prof Dr Abderrazak Said Belabes","url":"https://kau.academia.edu/AbderrazakBelabes"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2016-11-23","dateModified":"2016-11-23","headline":"كنت أفهم الوقف وأصبحت لا أفهمه","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50501528/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"ar","keywords":["Complexity","Persuasion","Light","Waqf Studies: Concept"],"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"kau"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50501528/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30049861/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 32px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #f4f7fc;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: DM Sans;--type-font-family-serif: Gupter;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 30px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 36px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 24px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 20px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 32px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 40px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 26px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 48px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 52px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 48px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 58px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 80px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 64px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}@media(min-width: 568px)and (max-width: 1279px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 32px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #f4f7fc;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: DM Sans;--type-font-family-serif: Gupter;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 42px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 36px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 34px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 28px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 25px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 20px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 40px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 48px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 28px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 58px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 68px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 74px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 82px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 104px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 80px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}@media(min-width: 1280px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 32px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #f4f7fc;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: DM Sans;--type-font-family-serif: Gupter;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 42px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 38px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 34px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 28px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 25px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 20px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 40px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 48px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 28px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 58px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 68px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 74px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 82px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 152px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 80px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}</style><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-fd2fcde21889491abfafcac2e33d795c8d15f5c18207be857e53e09b77f94215.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-170d1319f0e354621e81ca17054bb147da2856ec0702fe440a99af314a6338c5.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-bfbac2a470372e2f3a6661a65fa7ff0a0fbf7aa32534d9a831d683d2a6f9e01b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-95367dc03b794f6737f30123738a886cf53b7a65cdef98a922a98591d60063e3.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-d1941ab08e91e29ee143084c4749da4aaffa350a2ac6eec2306b1d7a352d911a.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "00f66d5e9dfa2a57d4552d68b7d492247a1f1ff58e7582f33a1beb2943318b66", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="YUEOrV1XEVnCur_Ie-es9d6LbLd4KdUbBdO7U2s-FlvmfBFoeD2nOyLXHA1x9FjtYGjuJc_nWgrVEWm54rg2HA" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/30049861/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="v0uPqcPLHHOTDBExs5bjBkGdCHZVIQ4wWb50wn3fDsg4dpBs5qGqEXNhsvS5hRce_36K5OLvgSGJfKYo9Fkujw" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign react-login-modal-opener" data-signup-modal="{"location":"login-button--header"}" rel="nofollow">Log In</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign react-login-modal-opener" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-button--header"}" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</button><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-51ada6d7e8fd4f6594cc8a39e5b209c6c5f9b45d97fd4f4728a73454252d9098.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 5588187; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F30049861%2F%25D9%2583%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA_%25D8%25A3%25D9%2581%25D9%2587%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2582%25D9%2581_%25D9%2588%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AA_%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A3%25D9%2581%25D9%2587%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F30049861%2F%25D9%2583%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA_%25D8%25A3%25D9%2581%25D9%2587%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2582%25D9%2581_%25D9%2588%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AA_%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A3%25D9%2581%25D9%2587%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":50501528,"identifier":"Attachment_50501528","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":30049861,"created_at":"2016-11-23T06:11:24.084-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-13T13:11:59.525-08:00","_data":{},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"ar","title":"كنت أفهم الوقف وأصبحت لا أفهمه","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [5588187]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":50501528,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “كنت أفهم الوقف وأصبحت لا أفهمه”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/50501528/mini_magick20190129-2250-amd7f0.png?1548750142" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">كنت أفهم الوقف وأصبحت لا أفهمه</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5588187" href="https://kau.academia.edu/AbderrazakBelabes"><img alt="Profile image of Prof Dr Abderrazak Said Belabes" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/5588187/13379496/121349195/s65_prof_dr_abderrazak.belabes.jpeg" />Prof Dr Abderrazak Said Belabes</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 page</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 30049861; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=30049861"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":50501528,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/30049861/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":50501528,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/30049861/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. If the signup banner trigger (a 242px-high* invisible div underneath the 'See Full PDF' / 'Download PDF' buttons) // is already fully scrolled above the viewport, show the banner by default // 2. If the signup banner trigger is fully visible, show the banner // 3. If the signup banner trigger has even a few pixels scrolled below the viewport, hide the banner // // * 242px is the empirically determined height of the signup banner. It's better to be a bit taller than // necessary than too short, so it's fine that the mobile (small breakpoint) banner is shorter. // First check session storage for the signup banner's visibility state const signupBannerHidden = sessionStorage.getItem('ds-signup-banner-hidden'); if (signupBannerHidden === 'true') { return; } const signupBanner = document.querySelector('.ds-signup-banner'); const signupBannerTrigger = document.querySelector('.ds-signup-banner-trigger'); if (!signupBannerTrigger) { window.Sentry.captureMessage("Signup banner trigger not found"); return; } let footerShown = false; window.addEventListener('load', () => { const rect = signupBannerTrigger.getBoundingClientRect(); // If page loaded up already scrolled below the trigger (via scroll restoration), show the banner by default if (rect.bottom < 0) { footerShown = true; signupBanner.classList.add('ds-signup-banner-visible'); } }); // Wait for trigger to fully enter viewport before showing banner (ensures PDF CTAs are never covered by banner) const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => { entries.forEach(entry => { if (entry.isIntersecting && !footerShown) { footerShown = true; signupBanner.classList.add('ds-signup-banner-visible'); } else if (!entry.isIntersecting && footerShown) { if (signupBannerTrigger.getBoundingClientRect().bottom > 0) { footerShown = false; signupBanner.classList.remove('ds-signup-banner-visible'); } } }); }); observer.observe(signupBannerTrigger); // Set up signup banner close button event handler: const signupBannerCloseButton = document.querySelector('#ds-signup-banner-close-button'); signupBannerCloseButton.addEventListener('click', () => { signupBanner.classList.remove('ds-signup-banner-visible'); observer.unobserve(signupBannerTrigger); // Store the signup banner's visibility state in session storage sessionStorage.setItem('ds-signup-banner-hidden', 'true'); }); })();</script></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="50501528" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/30049861/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="112624959" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112624959/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9">علم الوقف والابتداء بين علماء المشرق والمغرب:, دراسة نظرية تحليلية</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="291519760" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%8A">عوض حسن علي الوادعي</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">مجلة الجامعة الإسلامية للعلوم الشرعية</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study aims at pursuing the stages through which the pausing and recommencement / resumption science went through specifically by adopting the Prophet (Muhammad peace be upon him) approach in deliberating pausing at definite loci which are cited at the Noble Qurʾān. Of relevance, the prophet's companions were apprenticed to the Prophet (Muhammad peace be upon him) who accorded their attention at the pausing and recommencement on the one hand. On the other hand, the Muslim scholars who were aboriginally descended from the Arab Mashreq and Muslim Maghreb ancestors were keen considerably on this science at their narratives and writings so that all laymen could understandably read and mull over with reference to the first genesis bases which were set by the scholars at this science for the purpose of reaching the debatable matters of which were : Does the Quranic pausing is ordained by Allah or we can ameliorate further? Are the ameliorations introduced by Muslims personal inference ? Do the difference in pausing a role in pointing out plethora of meanings to the Quranic verse or the meaning is merely unified ? Does the Quranic pausing set by the Islamic Maghreb scholars merely expansionary complement to the Al Mashreq scholars scientists ? Of significance, I extrapolated the pausing and recommencement science from the perspective of Mashreq and Maghreb scholars as far as possible given that I relied on the inductive, historical, analytical and descriptive approaches.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"علم الوقف والابتداء بين علماء المشرق والمغرب:, دراسة نظرية تحليلية","attachmentId":109960174,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112624959/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/112624959/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="127700279" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/127700279/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9">الوقف الإسلامي وأبعاده المقاصدية</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="326151461" href="https://independent.academia.edu/shayuthyabdulmanas">shayuthy abdul manas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AR-RĀ’IQ</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز المقاصد من الوقف الإسلامي وذلك منأجل الإنطلاق الحقيقي لتنمية الوقف واستثماره بما يوافق الشرع و يحققفي النهاية الرقي الحضاري للأمة بتلبية الحاجات والإحسان بين الخلق.سيعتمد الباحثان في دراستهما على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي،فيستعملان المنهج الوصفي في تحديد معنى الوقف، والمنهج التحليليفي تبيين مقاصد تشريع الوقف للخروج من خلاله بأهم النتائجوالتوصيات. وقد تمت معالجة الموضوع بأن للوقف في الإسلام مقاصدمتعددة دينية، واجتماعية، واقتصادية.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"الوقف الإسلامي وأبعاده المقاصدية","attachmentId":121394161,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127700279/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/127700279/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="89988976" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89988976/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A">الصكوك الوقفية ودورها في استثمار الوقف النقدي</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58415073" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A">سعاد فقيقي</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"الصكوك الوقفية ودورها في استثمار الوقف النقدي","attachmentId":93724691,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89988976/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89988976/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="110917659" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110917659/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9">ترجمة الشعر بين الإمكان و الاستحالة</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="196138986" href="https://independent.academia.edu/fatimalitim1">fatima litim</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">El-Tawassol" التواصل", 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ترجمة الشعر بين الإمكان و الاستحالة","attachmentId":108678212,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110917659/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110917659/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="86055361" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86055361/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81">الصناديق الاستثمارية الوقفية كآلية لاستثمار أموال الوقف</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58415073" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A">سعاد فقيقي</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"الصناديق الاستثمارية الوقفية كآلية لاستثمار أموال الوقف","attachmentId":93724813,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86055361/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86055361/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="94817971" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94817971/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A">الجملة العربية من منظور تداولي</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11580847" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A">إسماعيل سويقات</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">الأثر, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"الجملة العربية من منظور تداولي","attachmentId":97240573,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94817971/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94817971/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="117812925" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117812925/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9">محطات ومواقع الشعوذة والتجهيل استلاب العقول وتدمير المجتمع</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20269975" href="https://unizwa-om.academia.edu/Srudwan">Samer Rudwan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"محطات ومواقع الشعوذة والتجهيل استلاب العقول وتدمير المجتمع","attachmentId":113579502,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117812925/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117812925/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="118201571" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118201571/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%BA_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86">صيغ قاعدة التأصيل عند مفسري القرآن</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="216727632" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF339">احمد محمد</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">مجلة علوم اللغة والأدب, 2023</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"صيغ قاعدة التأصيل عند مفسري القرآن","attachmentId":113883352,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118201571/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%BA_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118201571/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%BA_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="111662583" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111662583/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%80%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87">استحقـاق الأجرة على الرضـاع و موقف الفقه الإسلامي منه</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="153995066" href="https://independent.academia.edu/boufaghesSaida">Boufaghes Saida</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">المعيار, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The present article deals with getting a wage from suckling as a distinct means in family stability and how Islamic Law dealt with it and its relation with the objectives of Islamic jurisprudence, trying to apply it in real life on the basis of a couple of questions that will lead to concrete results relative to the present research.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"استحقـاق الأجرة على الرضـاع و موقف الفقه الإسلامي منه","attachmentId":109226104,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111662583/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%80%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111662583/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%80%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="124231728" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124231728/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AD%D9%8E%D8%AF%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%92%D8%AB%D9%8F_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87Q_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%92%D8%B6%D9%8F%D9%88%D9%92%D8%B9%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D8%AF%D9%90%D8%B1%D9%8E%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8C_%D8%AA%D9%8E%D8%AD%D9%92%D9%82%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%92%D9%82%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%A9%D9%8C_%D9%81%D9%90%D9%8A_%D8%B6%D9%8E%D9%88%D8%A1%D9%90_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%92%D9%87%D9%8E%D8%AC%D9%90_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%AD%D9%92%D9%84%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%92%D9%84%D9%90%D9%8A">تصحيح مظاهر الانحراف في فهم الحديث الشريف حَدِيْثُ رسول اللهQ: [ اختلاف أمتي رحمة ] مَوْضُوْعَاً دِرَاسَةٌ تَحْقِيْقِيَّةٌ فِي ضَوءِ المنْهَجِ التَّحْلِيْلِي</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="19655886" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A">دكتور مهدي</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ādāb al-kūfaẗ, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Correct the deviation in understanding the hadith The hadeeth of the Messenger of Allah: [the difference of my nation is mercy] subject Investigative study in light of the analytical method</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"تصحيح مظاهر الانحراف في فهم الحديث الشريف حَدِيْثُ رسول اللهQ: [ اختلاف أمتي رحمة ] مَوْضُوْعَاً دِرَاسَةٌ تَحْقِيْقِيَّةٌ فِي ضَوءِ المنْهَجِ التَّحْلِيْلِي","attachmentId":118496927,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124231728/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AD%D9%8E%D8%AF%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%92%D8%AB%D9%8F_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87Q_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%92%D8%B6%D9%8F%D9%88%D9%92%D8%B9%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D8%AF%D9%90%D8%B1%D9%8E%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8C_%D8%AA%D9%8E%D8%AD%D9%92%D9%82%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%92%D9%82%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%A9%D9%8C_%D9%81%D9%90%D9%8A_%D8%B6%D9%8E%D9%88%D8%A1%D9%90_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%92%D9%87%D9%8E%D8%AC%D9%90_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%AD%D9%92%D9%84%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%92%D9%84%D9%90%D9%8A","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124231728/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AD%D9%8E%D8%AF%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%92%D8%AB%D9%8F_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87Q_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%92%D8%B6%D9%8F%D9%88%D9%92%D8%B9%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D8%AF%D9%90%D8%B1%D9%8E%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8C_%D8%AA%D9%8E%D8%AD%D9%92%D9%82%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%92%D9%82%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%A9%D9%8C_%D9%81%D9%90%D9%8A_%D8%B6%D9%8E%D9%88%D8%A1%D9%90_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%92%D9%87%D9%8E%D8%AC%D9%90_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%AD%D9%92%D9%84%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%92%D9%84%D9%90%D9%8A"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":50501528,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":50501528,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_50501528" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="119981961" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/119981961/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%DA%A9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B8">الفکر اللغوي الاجتماعي عند الجاحظ</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="301292395" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8621">سليمان سليمان</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">مجلة کلية الآداب</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"الفکر اللغوي الاجتماعي عند الجاحظ","attachmentId":115277661,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119981961/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%DA%A9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B8","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/119981961/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%DA%A9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B8"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="97342235" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97342235/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87">دراسة دلالية عن تغير المعنى وأنواعه</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="230406765" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YuyunRohmatulUyuni">Yuyun Rohmatul Uyuni</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ALFAZ, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"دراسة دلالية عن تغير المعنى وأنواعه","attachmentId":98991648,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97342235/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97342235/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="118071023" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118071023/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%91%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7">الوعي ما وراء المعرفي باستراتيجيّات القراءة لدى متعلّمي اللغة العربيّة الناطقين بغيرها</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="267661955" href="https://mbzuh.academia.edu/ProfMohammadAlhawamdeh">Prof.Mohammad Alhawamdeh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Dirasat: Educational Sciences</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"الوعي ما وراء المعرفي باستراتيجيّات القراءة لدى متعلّمي اللغة العربيّة الناطقين بغيرها","attachmentId":113781619,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118071023/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%91%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118071023/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%91%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="126185987" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126185987/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B0%DB%8C%D9%86">ترکیز الإنتباه وعلاقته بإتخاذ القرار للمنقذین</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="308645105" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86100">علي حسن</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Al-Mağallah Al-ʿilmiyyaẗ Lil Tarbiyyaẗ Al-Badaniyyaẗ wa ʿulūm Al-Rīyāḍah - Ǧāmiʿāẗ Hilwān (Print), 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ترکیز الإنتباه وعلاقته بإتخاذ القرار للمنقذین","attachmentId":120101461,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126185987/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B0%DB%8C%D9%86","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126185987/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B0%DB%8C%D9%86"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="117729492" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117729492/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9">النقود الإلكترونية .. رؤية إسلامية</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="98976850" href="https://iszu.academia.edu/ASHRAFDAWABA">Dr.ASHRAF DAWABA</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"النقود الإلكترونية .. رؤية إسلامية","attachmentId":113513254,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117729492/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117729492/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="92334274" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92334274/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8">نقد الآراء حول وضع النحو العربي عند العرب</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="240426543" href="https://independent.academia.edu/raufishahrukh">shah rukh raufi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">journal of Arabic Language Specialized Research (JALSR), 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"نقد الآراء حول وضع النحو العربي عند العرب","attachmentId":95516431,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92334274/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92334274/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="49552805" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49552805/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1_">جريمة الردة حد أم تعزير؟</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="157736494" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HABEEBULLAHZAKARIYAH">HABEEBULLAH ZAKARIYAH</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"جريمة الردة حد أم تعزير؟","attachmentId":67879788,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49552805/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49552805/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="117812921" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117812921/%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_2_">مفهوم الذات والإنجاز (2)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20269975" href="https://unizwa-om.academia.edu/Srudwan">Samer Rudwan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"مفهوم الذات والإنجاز (2)","attachmentId":113579494,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117812921/%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_2_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117812921/%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_2_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="118872964" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118872964/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF">التضمين النحوي – دراسة ونقد</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53018888" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84">د. عبدالله الطويل</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">مجلة الآداب, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"التضمين النحوي – دراسة ونقد","attachmentId":114393417,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118872964/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118872964/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="126885699" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126885699/%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7">تطبيق منهج التصوير الفني لسيد قطب في فهم سورة يوسف واستيعابها</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="99704589" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WanAzuraWanAhmadFPBU">Wan Azura Wan Ahmad (FPBU)</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ulum Islamiyyah, 2023</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"تطبيق منهج التصوير الفني لسيد قطب في فهم سورة يوسف واستيعابها","attachmentId":120698361,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126885699/%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126885699/%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="101246790" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/101246790/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9%D9%8F_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%90_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%91%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9">دلالةُ توكيدِ النَّفي في (لن) و(لا) في النحو القرآني دراسة مقارنة</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="128495632" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A">جنان البلداوي</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">College and University Journal, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"دلالةُ توكيدِ النَّفي في (لن) و(لا) في النحو القرآني دراسة مقارنة","attachmentId":101868250,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101246790/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9%D9%8F_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%90_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%91%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101246790/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9%D9%8F_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%90_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%91%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="116731367" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116731367/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9">قاعدة "الأصل" و"استصحاب الحال" قراءة في منهج النحاة من الاستعمال إلى التعليل إلى القاعدة</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="76261321" href="https://yarmouk.academia.edu/AhmadBsharat">Ahmad M Bsharat</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"قاعدة \"الأصل\" و\"استصحاب الحال\" قراءة في منهج النحاة من الاستعمال إلى التعليل إلى القاعدة","attachmentId":112854447,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116731367/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116731367/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="118290757" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118290757/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89">فلسفة المجاز البصرى فى تصمیم الملصق الإعلانى</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="194723091" href="https://independent.academia.edu/mohamedshehata136">mohamed shehata</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم الإنسانیة, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"فلسفة المجاز البصرى فى تصمیم الملصق الإعلانى","attachmentId":113952731,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118290757/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118290757/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="117615238" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117615238/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1">تقانة الاظهار في الرسم العراقي المعاصر</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="282551762" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8613">احمد الحسن</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">لارك, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"تقانة الاظهار في الرسم العراقي المعاصر","attachmentId":113425747,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117615238/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117615238/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="51720146" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51720146/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%AC%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%91">الشاهد المصنوع في شروح الجمل للزجّاجيّ</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54915572" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A">نعيم سلمان البدري</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">لارك</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"الشاهد المصنوع في شروح الجمل للزجّاجيّ","attachmentId":69319108,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51720146/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%AC%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%91","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51720146/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%AC%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%91"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="51763457" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51763457/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9">الجدار بين بنية القصد واليات الكتابة في العمارة</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="133852755" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ABBASHAMZA6">ABBAS HAMZA</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"الجدار بين بنية القصد واليات الكتابة في العمارة","attachmentId":69342551,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51763457/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51763457/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="118201570" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118201570/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87%D9%8A_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%8A">المعارض الفقهي و العقائدي لتحليل النص القرآني</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="216727632" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF339">احمد محمد</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">مجلة علوم اللغة والأدب, 2023</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"المعارض الفقهي و العقائدي لتحليل النص القرآني","attachmentId":113883350,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118201570/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87%D9%8A_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%8A","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118201570/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87%D9%8A_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%8A"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="118502036" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118502036/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A1_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_">تفسير القوانين الأساسية فى القضاء الدستورى المصرى (دراسة فقهية فى ضوء أحدث أحكام وقرارات الدستورية العليا)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="257674487" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%82">عبد القادر صادق</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">مجلة الدراسات القانونية</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"تفسير القوانين الأساسية فى القضاء الدستورى المصرى (دراسة فقهية فى ضوء أحدث أحكام وقرارات الدستورية العليا)","attachmentId":114112588,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118502036/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A1_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118502036/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A1_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="118760873" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118760873/%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA">من الإعجاز البلاغي في سورة العاديات</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="267449296" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%D8%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A">اد.فاطمة المهدي</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">مجلة کلية الدراسات الإسلامية والعربية للبنات بسوهاج</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"من الإعجاز البلاغي في سورة العاديات","attachmentId":114311686,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118760873/%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118760873/%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="121978524" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/121978524/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1_2_al_Arabiyah_lughat_al_Quran_al_juz_2_">العربية : لغة القرآن : الجزء 2 (al-'Arabiyah : lughat al-Qur'an : al- juz' 2)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="307143444" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliHasan950">Ali Hasan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"العربية : لغة القرآن : الجزء 2 (al-'Arabiyah : lughat al-Qur'an : al- juz' 2)","attachmentId":116734360,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121978524/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1_2_al_Arabiyah_lughat_al_Quran_al_juz_2_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/121978524/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1_2_al_Arabiyah_lughat_al_Quran_al_juz_2_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="117812929" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117812929/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85_1">علاج القبول والالتزام:1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20269975" href="https://unizwa-om.academia.edu/Srudwan">Samer Rudwan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"علاج القبول والالتزام:1","attachmentId":113579518,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117812929/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117812929/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="8367" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complexity">Complexity</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="20153" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persuasion">Persuasion</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="128057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light">Light</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="995931" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waqf_Studies_Concept">Waqf Studies: Concept</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div> </body> </html>