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<span>Deposits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deposits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crystal_habit_and_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crystal_habit_and_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Crystal habit and structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crystal_habit_and_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_health_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_health_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Human health impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_health_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Varieties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aquamarine_and_maxixe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aquamarine_and_maxixe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Aquamarine and maxixe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aquamarine_and_maxixe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emerald" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emerald"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Emerald</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emerald-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golden_beryl_and_heliodor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golden_beryl_and_heliodor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Golden beryl and heliodor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golden_beryl_and_heliodor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goshenite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goshenite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Goshenite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goshenite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morganite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morganite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Morganite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morganite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Red_beryl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Red_beryl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Red beryl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Red_beryl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Beryl</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="बेरिल – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बेरिल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84" title="بيريل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيريل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berilo" title="Berilo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Berilo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berilu" title="Berilu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Berilu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Берыл – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Берыл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Бэрыль (мінэрал) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэрыль (мінэрал)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Берил – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Берил" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Берилл – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Берилл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Beryl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Beryl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryll" title="Beryll – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Beryll" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ber%C3%BCll" title="Berüll – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Berüll" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AE%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Βήρυλλος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βήρυλλος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berilo" title="Berilo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Berilo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berilo_(mineralo)" title="Berilo (mineralo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Berilo (mineralo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berilo" title="Berilo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Berilo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_(%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C)" title="بریل (کانی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بریل (کانی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ryl" title="Béryl – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Béryl" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beiril" title="Beiril – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beiril" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berilo" title="Berilo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Berilo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%A3%BC%EC%84%9D" title="녹주석 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="녹주석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Բերիլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բերիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="बेरिल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेरिल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berilo" title="Berilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Berilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berillo" title="Berillo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Berillo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9C" title="בריל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בריל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ბივრილი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბივრილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Берилл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Берилл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Берилл – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Берилл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllus" title="Beryllus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Beryllus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berils" title="Berils – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Berils" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berilas" title="Berilas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Berilas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berill" title="Berill – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Berill" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berila" title="Berila – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Berila" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB" title="അക്വാമറൈൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അക്വാമറൈൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2" title="မျက်ရွဲ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျက်ရွဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%91%E6%9F%B1%E7%9F%B3" title="緑柱石 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="緑柱石" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryll" title="Beryll – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Beryll" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryll" title="Beryll – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Beryll" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berill" title="Berill – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Berill" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryll" title="Beryll – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Beryll" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryl_(minera%C5%82)" title="Beryl (minerał) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Beryl (minerał)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berilo" title="Berilo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Berilo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Берилл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Берилл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Берилл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Берилл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Beryl" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94" title="තරිප්පු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තරිප්පු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Beryl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Beryl" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Берил – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Берил" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berylli" title="Berylli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Berylli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryll" title="Beryll – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Beryll" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பெரில் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெரில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="เบริล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบริล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Берилл – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Берилл" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%86" title="ಪಚ್ಚೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಪಚ್ಚೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Берил – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Берил" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%84_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%87%D8%AA" title="يېشىل ياقۇت – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يېشىل ياقۇت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Beryl" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beril" title="Beril – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Beril" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E6%9F%B1%E7%9F%B3" title="绿柱石 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="绿柱石" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E6%9F%B1%E7%9F%B3" title="綠柱石 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="綠柱石" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E6%9F%B1%E7%9F%B3" title="綠柱石 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="綠柱石" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q103480#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Gemstone: beryllium aluminium silicate</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the given name, see <a href="/wiki/Beryl_(given_name)" title="Beryl (given name)">Beryl (given name)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Beryl_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Beryl (disambiguation)">Beryl (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color:black; background-color: #91d1d1">Beryl</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beryl09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Beryl09.jpg/260px-Beryl09.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Beryl09.jpg/390px-Beryl09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Beryl09.jpg/520px-Beryl09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="960" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Three varieties of beryl (left to right): <a href="/wiki/Morganite_(gem)" title="Morganite (gem)">morganite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquamarine_(gem)" title="Aquamarine (gem)">aquamarine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emerald</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #91d1d1">General</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cyclosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclosilicate">Cyclosilicate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(repeating unit)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">Be<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Al<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">18</sub></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mineral_symbols" title="List of mineral symbols">IMA symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Brl<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93Strunz_classification" title="Nickel–Strunz classification">Strunz classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9.CJ.05</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_system" title="Crystal system">Crystal system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hexagonal_crystal_family" title="Hexagonal crystal family">Hexagonal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystal class">Crystal class</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Dihexagonal dipyramidal (6/mmm)<br /><a href="/wiki/H-M_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="H-M symbol">H-M symbol</a>: (6/m 2/m 2/m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Space_group" title="Space group">Space group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>P</i>6/mcc</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure#Unit_cell" title="Crystal structure">Unit cell</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>a</i> = 9.21 <a href="/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" class="mw-redirect" title="Ångström">Å</a>, <i>c</i> = 9.19 Å; <i>Z</i> = 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #91d1d1">Identification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Formula_mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula mass">Formula mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data">537.50 g/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td class="infobox-data">Green, blue, yellow, colorless, pink, and others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_habit" title="Crystal habit">Crystal habit</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Prismatic to tabular crystals; radial, columnar; granular to compact massive</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_twinning" title="Crystal twinning">Twinning</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Rare</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">Cleavage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Imperfect on {0001}</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fracture_(mineralogy)" title="Fracture (mineralogy)">Fracture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conchoidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Conchoidal">Conchoidal</a> to irregular</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tenacity_(mineralogy)" title="Tenacity (mineralogy)">Tenacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Brittle</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs scale</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">hardness</span></th><td class="infobox-data">7.5–8.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(mineralogy)" title="Lustre (mineralogy)">Luster</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_lustre" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitreous lustre">Vitreous</a> to resinous</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Streak_(mineralogy)" title="Streak (mineralogy)">Streak</a></th><td class="infobox-data">White</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">Diaphaneity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Transparent to translucent</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">Specific gravity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.63–2.92</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Optical properties</th><td class="infobox-data">Uniaxial (−)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>n</i><sub>ω</sub> = 1.564–1.595<br /> <i>n</i><sub>ε</sub> = 1.568–1.602</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Birefringence" title="Birefringence">Birefringence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>δ</i> = 0.0040–0.0070</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pleochroism" title="Pleochroism">Pleochroism</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Weak to distinct</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a> <a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">fluorescence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None (some fracture-filling materials used to improve emerald's clarity do fluoresce, but the stone itself does not). Morganite has weak violet fluorescence.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th><td class="infobox-data"><sup id="cite_ref-Mindat819_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindat819-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Webmineral_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webmineral-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HBM_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schumann2009_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schumann2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 112">: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V9PqVxpxeiEC&pg=PA112">112</a> </span></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Beryl</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɛr/: 'err' in 'merry'">ɛr</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BERR</span>-əl</i></a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> composed of <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a> <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> <a href="/wiki/Silicate_minerals#Cyclosilicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicate minerals">silicate</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">chemical formula</a> Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Well-known varieties of beryl include <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emerald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aquamarine_(gem)" title="Aquamarine (gem)">aquamarine</a>. Naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Hexagonal_crystal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexagonal crystal system">hexagonal</a> <a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystals</a> of beryl can be up to several meters in size, but <a href="/wiki/Double_terminated_crystal" title="Double terminated crystal">terminated crystals</a> are relatively rare. Pure beryl is colorless, but it is frequently tinted by impurities; possible colors are green, blue, yellow, pink, and red (the rarest). It is an ore source of <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein-2007_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%A9ryl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/B%C3%A9ryl.jpg/330px-B%C3%A9ryl.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/B%C3%A9ryl.jpg/495px-B%C3%A9ryl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/B%C3%A9ryl.jpg/660px-B%C3%A9ryl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="1605" /></a><figcaption>Main beryl producing countries</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>beryl</i> – <a href="/wiki/Middle_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle English language">Middle English</a>: <i lang="enm">beril</i> – is borrowed, via <a href="/wiki/Old_French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old French language">Old French</a>: <i lang="fro">beryl</i> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">beryllus</i>, from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> βήρυλλος <i>bḗryllos</i>, which referred to a 'precious blue-green color-of-sea-water stone';<sup id="cite_ref-Mindat819_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindat819-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a> <i>veruḷiya</i>, <i>veḷuriya</i> 'beryl'<sup id="cite_ref-Skeat-1993_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skeat-1993-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is ultimately of <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a> origin, maybe from the name of <a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Belur</a> or <i>Velur</i>, a town in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was later adopted for the mineral beryl more exclusively. </p><p>When the first <a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">eyeglasses</a> were constructed in 13th-century Italy, the lenses were made of beryl (or of <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">rock crystal</a>) as glass could not be made clear enough. Consequently, glasses were named <i>Brille</i> in German<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>bril</i> in Dutch and <i>briller</i> in Danish). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deposits">Deposits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Deposits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beryl is a common mineral, and it is widely distributed in nature. It is found most commonly in <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Pegmatite" title="Pegmatite">pegmatites</a>, but also occurs in <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">mica</a> <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schists</a>, such as those of the <a href="/wiki/Urals" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals">Ural Mountains</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KleinHurlbut1993_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KleinHurlbut1993-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is less common in ordinary granite and is only infrequently found in <a href="/wiki/Nepheline_syenite" title="Nepheline syenite">nepheline syenite</a>. Beryl is often associated with <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a> ore bodies formed as high-temperature hydrothermal veins. In granitic pegmatites, beryl is found in association with <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potassium_feldspar" title="Potassium feldspar">potassium feldspar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albite" title="Albite">albite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscovite" title="Muscovite">muscovite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">biotite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">tourmaline</a>. Beryl is sometimes found in <a href="/wiki/Metasomatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Metasomatic">metasomatic</a> contacts of igneous intrusions with <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a>, schist, or <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_rock" title="Carbonate rock">carbonate rocks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nesse2000_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nesse2000-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common beryl, mined as beryllium ore, is found in small deposits in many countries, but the main producers are Russia, Brazil, and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-KleinHurlbut1993_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KleinHurlbut1993-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pegmatites" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegmatites">pegmatites</a> have produced some of the largest beryls found, including one massive crystal from the <a href="/wiki/Bumpus_Quarry" title="Bumpus Quarry">Bumpus Quarry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Albany, Maine">Albany, Maine</a> with dimensions 5.5 by 1.2 m (18.0 by 3.9 ft) with a mass of around 18 tonnes (20 short tons); it is New Hampshire's state mineral. As of 1999<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the world's largest known naturally occurring crystal of any mineral is a crystal of beryl from Malakialina, Madagascar, 18 m (59 ft) long and 3.5 m (11 ft) in diameter, and weighing 380,000 kg (840,000 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crystal_habit_and_structure">Crystal habit and structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Crystal habit and structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beryl_Crystal_Structure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Beryl crystal structure with view down C axis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Beryl_Crystal_Structure.png/220px-Beryl_Crystal_Structure.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Beryl_Crystal_Structure.png/330px-Beryl_Crystal_Structure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Beryl_Crystal_Structure.png/440px-Beryl_Crystal_Structure.png 2x" data-file-width="2416" data-file-height="1764" /></a><figcaption>Beryl crystal structure with view down <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">C</span> axis</figcaption></figure> <p>Beryl belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Hexagonal_crystal_family" title="Hexagonal crystal family">hexagonal crystal system</a>. Normally beryl forms hexagonal columns but can also occur in massive <a href="/wiki/Crystal_habit" title="Crystal habit">habits</a>. As a <a href="/wiki/Silicate_minerals#Cyclosilicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicate minerals">cyclosilicate</a> beryl incorporates rings of silicate tetrahedra of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">18</sub></span> that are arranged in columns along the <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">C</span> axis and as parallel layers perpendicular to the <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">C</span> axis, forming channels along the <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">C</span> axis.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein-2007_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These channels permit a variety of ions, neutral atoms, and molecules to be incorporated into the crystal thus disrupting the overall charge of the crystal permitting further substitutions in <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a> sites in the crystal structure.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein-2007_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These impurities give rise to the variety of colors of beryl that can be found. Increasing alkali content within the silicate ring channels causes increases to the <a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">refractive indices</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birefringence" title="Birefringence">birefringence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_health_impact">Human health impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Human health impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Acute_beryllium_poisoning" title="Acute beryllium poisoning">Acute beryllium poisoning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berylliosis" title="Berylliosis">Berylliosis</a></div> <p>Beryl is a beryllium compound that is a known carcinogen with acute toxic effects leading to pneumonitis when inhaled.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Care must thus be used when mining, handling, and refining these gems.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aquamarine_and_maxixe">Aquamarine and maxixe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aquamarine and maxixe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aquamarine_(gem)" title="Aquamarine (gem)">Aquamarine (gem)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beryl-209736.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Beryl-209736.jpg/220px-Beryl-209736.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Beryl-209736.jpg/330px-Beryl-209736.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Beryl-209736.jpg/440px-Beryl-209736.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Aquamarine</figcaption></figure> <p>Aquamarine (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">aqua marina</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Sea_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea water">sea water</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a blue or <a href="/wiki/Cyan" title="Cyan">cyan</a> variety of beryl. It occurs at most localities which yield ordinary beryl. The gem-gravel <a href="/wiki/Placer_mining" title="Placer mining">placer</a> deposits of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> contain aquamarine. Green-yellow beryl, such as that occurring in Brazil, is sometimes called <i>chrysolite aquamarine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deep blue version of aquamarine is called <i>maxixe</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pronounced mah-she-she).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its color results from a radiation-induced <a href="/wiki/Color_center_(crystallography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Color center (crystallography)">color center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquamarin_cut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Aquamarin_cut.jpg/220px-Aquamarin_cut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Aquamarin_cut.jpg/330px-Aquamarin_cut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Aquamarin_cut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>Faceted aquamarine</figcaption></figure> <p>The pale blue color of aquamarine is attributed to Fe<sup>2+</sup>. Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions produce golden-yellow color, and when both Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> are present, the color is a darker blue as in maxixe.<sup id="cite_ref-viana1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viana1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blak_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blak-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decoloration of maxixe by light or heat thus may be due to the charge transfer between Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Fe<sup>2+</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, aquamarines can be found at the summit of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Antero" title="Mount Antero">Mount Antero</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sawatch_Range" title="Sawatch Range">Sawatch Range</a> in central Colorado, and in the New England and North Carolina pegmatites.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinkankas1964_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinkankas1964-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquamarines are also present in the state of <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>, aquamarine has been discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Big_Horn_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Horn Mountains">Big Horn Mountains</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Powder_River_Pass" title="Powder River Pass">Powder River Pass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another location within the United States is the <a href="/wiki/Sawtooth_Range_(Idaho)" title="Sawtooth Range (Idaho)">Sawtooth Range</a> near <a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Idaho" title="Stanley, Idaho">Stanley, Idaho</a>, although the minerals are within a wilderness area which prevents collecting.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Brazil, there are mines in the states of <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sinkankas1964_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinkankas1964-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a>, and minorly in <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">Rio Grande do Norte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mines of Colombia, Skardu Pakistan, Madagascar, Russia,<sup id="cite_ref-Sinkankas1964_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinkankas1964-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinHurlbut1993472_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinHurlbut1993472-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zambia,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also produce aquamarine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emerald">Emerald</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Emerald"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">Emerald</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Colombian_emeralds" title="Colombian emeralds">Colombian emeralds</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%A9ryl_var._%C3%A9meraude_sur_gangue_(Muzo_Mine_Boyaca_-_Colombie)_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/B%C3%A9ryl_var._%C3%A9meraude_sur_gangue_%28Muzo_Mine_Boyaca_-_Colombie%29_15.jpg/220px-B%C3%A9ryl_var._%C3%A9meraude_sur_gangue_%28Muzo_Mine_Boyaca_-_Colombie%29_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/B%C3%A9ryl_var._%C3%A9meraude_sur_gangue_%28Muzo_Mine_Boyaca_-_Colombie%29_15.jpg/330px-B%C3%A9ryl_var._%C3%A9meraude_sur_gangue_%28Muzo_Mine_Boyaca_-_Colombie%29_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/B%C3%A9ryl_var._%C3%A9meraude_sur_gangue_%28Muzo_Mine_Boyaca_-_Colombie%29_15.jpg/440px-B%C3%A9ryl_var._%C3%A9meraude_sur_gangue_%28Muzo_Mine_Boyaca_-_Colombie%29_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2473" data-file-height="1596" /></a><figcaption>Rough emerald on matrix</figcaption></figure> <p>Emerald is green beryl, colored by around 2% <a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a> and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">vanadium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-color_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-color-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hurlbut_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurlbut-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most emeralds are highly <a href="/wiki/Inclusion_(mineral)" title="Inclusion (mineral)">included</a>, so their brittleness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern English word "emerald" comes via <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <i>emeraude</i>, imported from modern French via <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <i>ésmeraude</i> and <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> <span title="Medieval Latin-language text"><i lang="la">esmaraldus</i></span>, from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">smaragdus</i></span>, from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">σμάραγδος</span></span></span> <i>smaragdos</i> meaning 'green gem'.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smaragd-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Smaragd-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg/220px-Smaragd-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Smaragd-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption>Faceted emerald, 1.07 carats (0.214 g), Colombia</figcaption></figure> <p>Emeralds in antiquity were mined by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptians</a> and in what is now <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Swat_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swat (Pakistan)">Swat</a> in contemporary <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A rare type of emerald known as a <a href="/wiki/Trapiche_emerald" title="Trapiche emerald">trapiche emerald</a> is occasionally found in the mines of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>. A trapiche emerald exhibits a "star" pattern; it has raylike spokes of dark carbon impurities that give the emerald a six-pointed radial pattern. It is named for the <i><a href="/wiki/Trapiche" title="Trapiche">trapiche</a></i>, a grinding wheel used to process <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> in the region. <a href="/wiki/Colombian_emeralds" title="Colombian emeralds">Colombian emeralds</a> are generally the most prized due to their transparency and fire. Some of the rarest emeralds come from the two main emerald belts in the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Oriental_(Colombia)" title="Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)">Eastern Ranges</a> of the Colombian <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>: <a href="/wiki/Colombian_emeralds#Western_belt" title="Colombian emeralds">Muzo and Coscuez</a> west of the <a href="/wiki/Altiplano_Cundiboyacense" title="Altiplano Cundiboyacense">Altiplano Cundiboyacense</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colombian_emeralds#Western_belt" title="Colombian emeralds">Chivor and Somondoco</a> to the east. Fine emeralds are also found in other countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. In the US, emeralds can be found in <a href="/wiki/Hiddenite,_North_Carolina" title="Hiddenite, North Carolina">Hiddenite, North Carolina</a>. In 1998, emeralds were discovered in <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a>. </p><p>Emerald is a rare and valuable gemstone and, as such, it has provided the <a href="/wiki/Incentive" title="Incentive">incentive</a> for developing synthetic emeralds. Both hydrothermal<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>flux-growth</i> synthetics have been produced. The first commercially successful emerald synthesis process was that of Carroll Chatham.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other large producer of flux emeralds was Pierre Gilson Sr., which has been on the market since 1964. Gilson's emeralds are usually grown on natural colorless beryl seeds which become coated on both sides. Growth occurs at the rate of 1 millimetre (0.039 in) per month, a typical seven-month growth run producing emerald crystals of 7 mm of thickness.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The green color of emeralds is widely attributed to presence of Cr<sup>3+</sup> ions.<sup id="cite_ref-ibragim_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibragim-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-viana1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viana1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blak_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blak-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intensely green beryls from Brazil, Zimbabwe and elsewhere in which the color is attributed to <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">vanadium</a> have also been sold and certified as emeralds.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golden_beryl_and_heliodor">Golden beryl and heliodor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Golden beryl and heliodor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Heliodor" redirects here. For the given name, see <a href="/wiki/Heliodorus" title="Heliodorus">Heliodorus</a>. For similar uses, see <a href="/wiki/Heliodora_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Heliodora (disambiguation)">Heliodora (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heliodor-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Heliodor-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg/220px-Heliodor-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Heliodor-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg/330px-Heliodor-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Heliodor-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="381" /></a><figcaption>Faceted golden beryl, 48.75 carats (9.750 g), Brazil</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Golden beryl</i> can range in colors from pale yellow to a brilliant gold. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emerald</a>, golden beryl generally has very few flaws. The term "golden beryl" is sometimes synonymous with <i>heliodor</i> (from Greek <i>hēlios – ἥλιος</i> "sun" + <i>dōron – δῶρον</i> "gift") but golden beryl refers to pure yellow or golden yellow shades, while heliodor refers to the greenish-yellow shades. The golden yellow color is attributed to Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions.<sup id="cite_ref-color_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-color-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ibragim_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibragim-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both golden beryl and heliodor are used as gems. Probably the largest cut golden beryl is the flawless 2,054-<a href="/wiki/Carat_(mass)" title="Carat (mass)">carat</a> (410.8 g) stone on display in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History#Hall_of_Geology,_Gems,_and_Minerals" title="National Museum of Natural History">Hall of Gems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goshenite">Goshenite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Goshenite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Goshenite_(gem)" title="Goshenite (gem)">Goshenite (gem)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gosh%C3%A9nite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gosh%C3%A9nite.jpg/220px-Gosh%C3%A9nite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gosh%C3%A9nite.jpg/330px-Gosh%C3%A9nite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gosh%C3%A9nite.jpg/440px-Gosh%C3%A9nite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="2741" /></a><figcaption>Goshenite</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goshenit-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Goshenit-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg/220px-Goshenit-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Goshenit-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg/330px-Goshenit-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Goshenit-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="262" /></a><figcaption>Faceted goshenite, 1.88 carats (0.376 g), Brazil</figcaption></figure> <p>Colorless beryl is called <i>goshenite</i>. The name originates from <a href="/wiki/Goshen,_Massachusetts" title="Goshen, Massachusetts">Goshen, Massachusetts</a>, where it was originally discovered. In the past, goshenite was used for manufacturing eyeglasses and lenses owing to its transparency. Nowadays, it is most commonly used for gemstone purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gem value of goshenite is relatively low. However, goshenite can be colored yellow, green, pink, blue and in intermediate colors by irradiating it with high-energy particles. The resulting color depends on the content of Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, and Co impurities.<sup id="cite_ref-ibragim_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibragim-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morganite">Morganite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Morganite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Morganite_(gem)" title="Morganite (gem)">Morganite (gem)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beryl-Quartz-morganite_brazil1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Beryl-Quartz-morganite_brazil1.jpg/220px-Beryl-Quartz-morganite_brazil1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Beryl-Quartz-morganite_brazil1.jpg/330px-Beryl-Quartz-morganite_brazil1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Beryl-Quartz-morganite_brazil1.jpg/440px-Beryl-Quartz-morganite_brazil1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1331" /></a><figcaption>Morganite</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morganit-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Morganit-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg/220px-Morganit-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Morganit-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg/330px-Morganit-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Morganit-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="269" /></a><figcaption>Faceted morganite, 2.01 carats (0.402 g), Brazil</figcaption></figure> <p>Morganite, also known as "pink beryl", "rose beryl", "pink emerald" (which is not a legal term according to the new Federal Trade Commission Guidelines and Regulations), and "cesian (or <i>caesian</i>) beryl", is a rare light pink to rose-colored <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gem</a>-quality variety of beryl. Orange/yellow varieties of morganite can also be found, and color banding is common. It can be routinely heat treated to remove patches of yellow and is occasionally treated by irradiation to improve its color. The pink color of morganite is attributed to Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions.<sup id="cite_ref-color_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-color-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Red_beryl">Red beryl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Red beryl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Red_beryl" title="Red beryl">Red beryl</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beryl-235618.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Beryl-235618.jpg/220px-Beryl-235618.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Beryl-235618.jpg/330px-Beryl-235618.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Beryl-235618.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>Red beryl</figcaption></figure> <p>Red variety of beryl (the "bixbite") was first described in 1904 for an occurrence, its <a href="/wiki/Type_locality_(geology)" title="Type locality (geology)">type locality</a>, at Maynard's Claim (Pismire Knolls), Thomas Range, <a href="/wiki/Juab_County,_Utah" title="Juab County, Utah">Juab County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mindat690_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindat690-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ege_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ege-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dark red color is attributed to Mn<sup>3+</sup> ions.<sup id="cite_ref-color_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-color-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Old synonym "bixbite" is deprecated from the <a href="/wiki/World_Jewellery_Confederation" title="World Jewellery Confederation">CIBJO</a> because of the possibility of confusion with the mineral <a href="/wiki/Bixbyite" title="Bixbyite">bixbyite</a> (both named after mineralogist <a href="/wiki/Maynard_Bixby" title="Maynard Bixby">Maynard Bixby</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red "bixbite" beryl formerly was marketed as "red" or "scarlet emerald", but these terms involving "Emerald" terminology are now prohibited in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RedBeryl-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/RedBeryl-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="146" /></a><figcaption>Faceted red beryl, 0.56 carats (0.112 g), Utah, US</figcaption></figure> <p>Red beryl is very rare and has only been reported from a handful of North American locations: <a href="/wiki/Wah_Wah_Mountains" title="Wah Wah Mountains">Wah Wah Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beaver_County,_Utah" title="Beaver County, Utah">Beaver County, Utah</a>; <a href="/wiki/Black_Range" title="Black Range">Paramount Canyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Range" title="Black Range">Round Mountain</a>, Juab County, Utah; and <a href="/wiki/Sierra_County,_New_Mexico" title="Sierra County, New Mexico">Sierra County, New Mexico</a>, although this locality does not often produce gem-grade stones.<sup id="cite_ref-Mindat690_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindat690-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bulk of gem-grade red beryl comes from the Ruby-Violet Claim in the Wah Wah Mts. of midwestern Utah, discovered in 1958 by Lamar Hodges, of <a href="/wiki/Fillmore,_Utah" title="Fillmore, Utah">Fillmore, Utah</a>, while he was prospecting for <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red beryl has been known to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Pezzottaite" title="Pezzottaite">pezzottaite</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">caesium</a> analog of beryl, found in Madagascar and, more recently, Afghanistan; cut gems of the two varieties can be distinguished by their difference in <a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">refractive index</a>, and the rough crystals easily by their differing crystal systems (pezzottaite trigonal, red beryl hexagonal). Synthetic red beryl is also produced.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like emerald and unlike most other varieties of beryl, the red ones are usually highly included. </p><p>While gem beryls are ordinarily found in pegmatites and certain metamorphic stones, red beryl occurs in topaz-bearing <a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">rhyolites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is formed by crystallizing under low pressure and high temperature from a pneumatolytic phase along fractures or within near-surface <a href="/wiki/Miarolitic_cavities" class="mw-redirect" title="Miarolitic cavities">miarolitic cavities</a> of the rhyolite. Associated minerals include bixbyite, <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orthoclase" title="Orthoclase">orthoclase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">topaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spessartine" title="Spessartine">spessartine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudobrookite" title="Pseudobrookite">pseudobrookite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hematite" title="Hematite">hematite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ege_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ege-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/23px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/34px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/46px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="3552" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Minerals" title="Portal:Minerals">Minerals portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysoberyl" title="Chrysoberyl">Chrysoberyl</a> – Mineral or gemstone of beryllium aluminate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals" title="List of minerals">List of minerals</a> – List of minerals with Wikipedia articles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emeralds_by_size" title="List of emeralds by size">List of emeralds by size</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Compare <i>veruḷiya</i> and <i>veḷuriya</i> to the pseudo-<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskritization</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:वैडूर्य">वैडूर्य</a> <i>vaiḍūrya</i>, meaning either <a href="/wiki/Cymophane" class="mw-redirect" title="Cymophane">"cat's eye"</a> (gem), generic "<a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">jewel</a>", or "<a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">lapis lazuli</a>" (gem). The <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a> explains the gem name as meaning "[brought] from [the city of] <a href="/wiki/Vidura" title="Vidura">Vidūra</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Skeat-1993_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skeat-1993-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">σμάραγδος</span></span></span> (<i>smaragdos</i>) is used in the <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a> languages as אזמרגד, <i>izmargad</i>, as a loan-word meaning a precious emerald-colored stone. Greek <i>smaragdos</i> was used to translate the native Hebrew word <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">ברקת</span></span>, <i>bareket</i>, for one of the twelve listed stones in the <a href="/wiki/Hoshen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoshen">Hoshen</a> pectoral pendant of the Kohen HaGadol. The word <i>bareket</i> is also used to mean "lightning flash". It may be related to Akkadian <i>baraqtu</i>, which means "emerald". In turn the semetic language words are possibly related to the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">मरकत</span></span> <i>marakata</i>, meaning "green".<sup id="cite_ref-Fernie_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernie-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. The book was a pseudo-medical book on "magic" stones. The cited philologies seem dubious, and are certainly very dated. Considerably better editions of the Greek and Hebrew bible texts are now known, and in the past 120 years far many more ancient Semetic languages have been studied by competent linguists. (October 2023)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWarr2021" class="citation journal cs1">Warr, L.N. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43">"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"</a>. <i>Mineralogical Magazine</i>. <b>85</b> (3): 291–320. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021MinM...85..291W">2021MinM...85..291W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43">10.1180/mgm.2021.43</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235729616">235729616</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=IMA%E2%80%93CNMNC+approved+mineral+symbols&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=291-320&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A235729616%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021MinM...85..291W&rft.aulast=Warr&rft.aufirst=L.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1180%252Fmgm.2021.43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mindat819-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mindat819_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mindat819_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-819.html">"Beryl"</a>. <i>mindat.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026035730/http://www.mindat.org/min-819.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mindat.org&rft.atitle=Beryl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-819.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webmineral-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Webmineral_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmineral.com/data/Beryl.shtml">"Beryl Mineral Data"</a>. <i>webmineral.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512070647/http://webmineral.com/data/Beryl.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webmineral.org&rft.atitle=Beryl+Mineral+Data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmineral.com%2Fdata%2FBeryl.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBM-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HBM_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/beryl.pdf">"Beryl"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Mineral Data Publishing. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111128222019/http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/beryl.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beryl&rft.pub=Mineral+Data+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frruff.geo.arizona.edu%2Fdoclib%2Fhom%2Fberyl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schumann2009-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schumann2009_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumann2009" class="citation book cs1">Schumann, Walter (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V9PqVxpxeiEC"><i>Gemstones of the World</i></a>. Sterling Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-402-76829-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-402-76829-3"><bdi>978-1-402-76829-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171120224035/https://books.google.com/books?id=V9PqVxpxeiEC">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gemstones+of+the+World&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-402-76829-3&rft.aulast=Schumann&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV9PqVxpxeiEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minerals.net/mineral/beryl.aspx">"Beryl"</a>. <i>www.minerals.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.minerals.net&rft.atitle=Beryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minerals.net%2Fmineral%2Fberyl.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klein-2007-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klein-2007_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein-2007_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein-2007_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinDutrowDana2007" class="citation book cs1">Klein, Cornelis; <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Dutrow" title="Barbara Dutrow">Dutrow, Barbara</a>; Dana, James Dwight (2007). <i>The Manual of Mineral Science (after James D. Dana)</i> (23rd ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-72157-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-72157-4"><bdi>978-0-471-72157-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/76798190">76798190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manual+of+Mineral+Science+%28after+James+D.+Dana%29&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+N.J.&rft.edition=23rd&rft.pub=J.+Wiley&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F76798190&rft.isbn=978-0-471-72157-4&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Cornelis&rft.au=Dutrow%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Dana%2C+James+Dwight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skeat-1993-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Skeat-1993_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skeat-1993_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkeat1993" class="citation book cs1">Skeat, Walter W. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aDhGlKL3h00C&pg=PA36"><i>The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology</i></a>. Wordsworth Editions. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85326-311-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85326-311-8"><bdi>978-1-85326-311-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Dictionary+of+English+Etymology&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Wordsworth+Editions&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-85326-311-8&rft.aulast=Skeat&rft.aufirst=Walter+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaDhGlKL3h00C%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/beryl">"beryl"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009130722/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/beryl">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=beryl&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fberyl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Brille", in: Wolfgang Pfeifer et al., Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (1993), digitalisierte und von Wolfgang Pfeifer überarbeitete Version im Digitalen Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dwds.de/wb/etymwb/Brille">https://www.dwds.de/wb/etymwb/Brille</a>>, retrieved 9 August 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KleinHurlbut1993-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KleinHurlbut1993_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KleinHurlbut1993_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinHurlbut1993" class="citation book cs1">Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. (1993). <i>Manual of Mineralogy (after James D. Dana)</i> (21st ed.). New York: Wiley. p. 472. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-57452-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-57452-X"><bdi>0-471-57452-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+Mineralogy+%28after+James+D.+Dana%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=472&rft.edition=21st&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-471-57452-X&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Cornelis&rft.au=Hurlbut%2C+Cornelius+S.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nesse2000-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nesse2000_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNesse2000" class="citation book cs1">Nesse, William D. (2000). <i>Introduction to mineralogy</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510691-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510691-6"><bdi>978-0-19-510691-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+mineralogy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510691-6&rft.aulast=Nesse&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Cressey and I. F. Mercer, (1999) <i>Crystals</i>, London, Natural History Museum, page 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeerHowieZussman2013" class="citation book cs1">Deer, W.A.; Howie, R.A.; Zussman, J. (2013). <i>An introduction to the rock-forming minerals</i> (Third ed.). London, UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-903-05627-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-903-05627-4"><bdi>978-0-903-05627-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/858884283">858884283</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+the+rock-forming+minerals&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.edition=Third&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F858884283&rft.isbn=978-0-903-05627-4&rft.aulast=Deer&rft.aufirst=W.A.&rft.au=Howie%2C+R.A.&rft.au=Zussman%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/cicads/cicads/cicad32.htm">"Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 32, Beryllium and Beryllium compounds"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concise+International+Chemical+Assessment+Document+32%2C+Beryllium+and+Beryllium+compounds&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inchem.org%2Fdocuments%2Fcicads%2Fcicads%2Fcicad32.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/3080.pdf">"Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet: Beryl"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New Jersey Department of Health and Human Services. April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hazardous+Substance+Fact+Sheet%3A+Beryl&rft.pub=New+Jersey+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnj.gov%2Fhealth%2Feoh%2Frtkweb%2Fdocuments%2Ffs%2F3080.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aquamarine">"aquamarine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170206103438/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aquamarine">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The Amateur Lapidary". <i>Rocks & Minerals</i>. <b>32</b> (9–10): 471. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1957RoMin..32..469O">1957RoMin..32..469O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00357529.1957.11766963">10.1080/00357529.1957.11766963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rocks+%26+Minerals&rft.atitle=The+Amateur+Lapidary&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=9%E2%80%9310&rft.pages=471&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00357529.1957.11766963&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1957RoMin..32..469O&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrandeAugustyn2009" class="citation book cs1">Grande, Lance; Augustyn, Allison (November 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RnE9Fa4pbn0C&q=aquamarine"><i>Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-30511-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-30511-0"><bdi>978-0-226-30511-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gems+and+Gemstones%3A+Timeless+Natural+Beauty+of+the+Mineral+World&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2009-11-15&rft.isbn=978-0-226-30511-0&rft.aulast=Grande&rft.aufirst=Lance&rft.au=Augustyn%2C+Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRnE9Fa4pbn0C%26q%3Daquamarine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradshaw2018" class="citation web cs1">Bradshaw, John J. 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"Optical absorption and electron spin resonance in blue and green natural beryl: A reply". <i>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals</i>. <b>9</b> (6): 279. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983PCM.....9..279B">1983PCM.....9..279B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00309581">10.1007/BF00309581</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:97353580">97353580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+and+Chemistry+of+Minerals&rft.atitle=Optical+absorption+and+electron+spin+resonance+in+blue+and+green+natural+beryl%3A+A+reply&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=279&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A97353580%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00309581&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1983PCM.....9..279B&rft.aulast=Blak&rft.aufirst=Ana+Regina&rft.au=Isotani%2C+Sadao&rft.au=Watanabe%2C+Shigueo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersson2019" class="citation journal cs1">Andersson, Lars Olov (July 15, 2019). 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(1997). <i>Disilicates and Ring Silicates</i>. Rock-forming Minerals. Vol. 1B (2 ed.). Bath: Geological Society of London. pp. 393–394. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897-79989-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897-79989-5"><bdi>978-1-897-79989-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disilicates+and+Ring+Silicates&rft.place=Bath&rft.series=Rock-forming+Minerals&rft.pages=393-394&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Geological+Society+of+London&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-897-79989-5&rft.aulast=Deer&rft.aufirst=W.A.&rft.au=Zussman%2C+J.&rft.au=Howie%2C+R.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2007" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Arthur (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MPZK8ILOSR0C&pg=PA77"><i>Gemstones</i></a>. New Holland Publishers. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-845-37602-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-845-37602-4"><bdi>978-1-845-37602-4</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gemstones&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=New+Holland+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-845-37602-4&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMPZK8ILOSR0C%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galleries.com/minerals/gemstone/goshenit/goshenit.htm">"Goshenite, the colorless variety of beryl"</a>. Amethyst Galleries. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090630132542/http://www.galleries.com/minerals/gemstone/goshenit/goshenit.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goshenite%2C+the+colorless+variety+of+beryl&rft.pub=Amethyst+Galleries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galleries.com%2Fminerals%2Fgemstone%2Fgoshenit%2Fgoshenit.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opticalmineralogy.com/the-silicates-mineral-class/goshenite-gem/">"Goshenite Gem"</a>. <i>Optical Mineralogy.com</i>. 2 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090709230558/http://opticalmineralogy.com/the-silicates-mineral-class/goshenite-gem/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Optical+Mineralogy.com&rft.atitle=Goshenite+Gem&rft.date=2009-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopticalmineralogy.com%2Fthe-silicates-mineral-class%2Fgoshenite-gem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mindat690-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mindat690_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mindat690_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-690.html">"Red Beryl"</a>. <i>www.mindat.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203010036/http://www.mindat.org/min-690.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mindat.org&rft.atitle=Red+Beryl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-690.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ege-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ege_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ege_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEge2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Ege, Carl (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/gladasked/gladberyl.htm">"What gemstone is found in Utah that is rarer than diamond and more valuable than gold?"</a>. <i>Survey Notes</i>. Vol. 34, no. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101108170752/http://www.geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/gladasked/gladberyl.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survey+Notes&rft.atitle=What+gemstone+is+found+in+Utah+that+is+rarer+than+diamond+and+more+valuable+than+gold%3F&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2002-09&rft.aulast=Ege&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeology.utah.gov%2Fsurveynotes%2Fgladasked%2Fgladberyl.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minerals.net/mineral/beryl.aspx">"The Mineral Beryl"</a>. <i>Minerals.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828185252/http://www.minerals.net/mineral/beryl.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minerals.net&rft.atitle=The+Mineral+Beryl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minerals.net%2Fmineral%2Fberyl.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span><a href="/wiki/Title_16_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 16 of the Code of Federal Regulations">16 CFR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/section-23.26">23.26</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redemerald.com/history.html">"Red Emerald History"</a>. <i>RedEmerald.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203052138/http://www.redemerald.com/history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RedEmerald.com&rft.atitle=Red+Emerald+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redemerald.com%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gemstoneslist.com/bixbite.html">"Bixbite"</a>. <i>The Gemstone List</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312090712/http://www.gemstoneslist.com/bixbite.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gemstone+List&rft.atitle=Bixbite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gemstoneslist.com%2Fbixbite.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gemsociety.org/article/red-beryl-jewelry-and-gemstone-information/">"Red beryl value, price, and jewelry information"</a>. International Gem Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828192834/https://www.gemsociety.org/article/red-beryl-jewelry-and-gemstone-information/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+beryl+value%2C+price%2C+and+jewelry+information&rft.pub=International+Gem+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gemsociety.org%2Farticle%2Fred-beryl-jewelry-and-gemstone-information%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinkankas1994" class="citation book cs1">Sinkankas, John (1994). <i>Emerald & Other Beryls</i>. Geoscience Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-801-97114-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-801-97114-3"><bdi>978-0-801-97114-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emerald+%26+Other+Beryls&rft.pub=Geoscience+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-801-97114-3&rft.aulast=Sinkankas&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beryl" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Beryl">Beryl</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beryl" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:beryl"><i>beryl</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Beryl"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Beryl">"Beryl" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a></i>. 1879.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beryl&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.date=1879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeryl" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gemstones" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gemstones" title="Template:Gemstones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gemstones" title="Template talk:Gemstones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gemstones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gemstones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gemstones" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">Gemstones</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Gemmological classifications by E. Ya. Kievlenko (1980), updated</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> stones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_gem" title="Cardinal gem">1st order</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">Emerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire#Blue_sapphire" title="Sapphire">Blue Sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysoberyl#Alexandrite" title="Chrysoberyl">Alexandrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl#Natural_pearls" title="Pearl">Natural marine pearls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>2nd order</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire#Pink_sapphires" title="Sapphire">Pink sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demantoid" title="Demantoid">Demantoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsavorite" title="Tsavorite">Tsavorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">Spinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal#Precious_opal" title="Opal">Precious Black Opal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">Tanzanite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>3rd order</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire#Sapphires_of_other_colors" title="Sapphire">Yellow, Green, Violet Sapphires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquamarine_(gem)" title="Aquamarine (gem)">Aquamarine</a></li> <li>Orange <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">topaz</a> (Imperial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbaite" title="Elbaite">Elbaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal#Other_varieties_of_opal" title="Opal">Precious White and Fire Opal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>4th order</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">Tourmaline</a> – Verdelite</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indicolite" class="mw-redirect" title="Indicolite">Indicolite</a>, polychromous</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beryl</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heliodor" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliodor">Heliodor</a>, pink, yellow-green</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">Topaz</a> yellow, blue, pink</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridot" title="Peridot">Peridot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">Garnets</a> – <a href="/wiki/Spessartine" title="Spessartine">Spessartine</a> (malaya), <a href="/wiki/Rhodolite" title="Rhodolite">Rhodolite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almandine" title="Almandine">Almandine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrope" title="Pyrope">Pyrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">Amethyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrine_quartz" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrine quartz">Citrine</a></li> <li>Blue <a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">Turquoise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jewelry-Industrial<br />stones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>1st order</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lazurite" title="Lazurite">Lazurite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeite" title="Jadeite">Jadeite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephrite" title="Nephrite">Nephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">Amber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baltic_amber" title="Baltic amber">Baltic amber</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysoprase" title="Chrysoprase">Chrysoprase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charoite" title="Charoite">Charoite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>2nd order</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonite" title="Amazonite">Amazonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodonite" title="Rhodonite">Rhodonite</a></li> <li>Colorless, <a href="/wiki/Quartz#Smoky_quartz" title="Quartz">smoky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quartz#Rose_quartz" title="Quartz">pink</a> <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematite" title="Hematite">Hematite</a></li> <li>Common <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">opal</a></li> <li>Opaque iridescent <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial stones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_texture" title="Graphic texture">Graphic</a> <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrified_wood" title="Petrified wood">Petrified wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacholong" title="Cacholong">Cacholong</a> (Porouse <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">opal</a>)</li> <li>Marble <a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listwanite" title="Listwanite">Listwanite</a> (green mica)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_(lignite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet (lignite)">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenite_(mineral)" title="Selenite (mineral)">Selenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">Fluorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">Serpentinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurine" title="Aventurine">Aventurine</a> <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verd_antique" title="Verd antique">Ophicalcite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">Serpentine</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">Calcite</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagodite" title="Pagodite">Pagodite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyrophyllite" title="Pyrophyllite">Pyrophyllite</a>/<a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">Talc</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_gemstones" title="List of individual gemstones">List of individual gemstones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diamonds" title="List of diamonds">List of diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emeralds_by_size" title="List of emeralds by size">List of emeralds by size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sapphires_by_size" title="List of sapphires by size">List of sapphires by size</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species" title="List of gemstones by species">List of gemstones by species</a> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/23px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/34px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/46px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="3552" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Minerals" title="Portal:Minerals">Minerals portal</a></b></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jewellery" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewellery" title="Template:Jewellery"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jewellery" title="Template talk:Jewellery"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jewellery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jewellery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jewellery" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jewellery_types" title="List of jewellery types">Forms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklet" title="Anklet">Anklet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_clip" title="Hair clip">Barrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belly_chain" title="Belly chain">Belly chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_buckle" title="Belt buckle">Belt buckle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)" title="Bindi (decoration)">Bindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">Bolo tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracelet" title="Bracelet">Bracelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooch" title="Brooch">Brooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatelaine_(chain)" title="Chatelaine (chain)">Chatelaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_pin" title="Collar pin">Collar pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">Cufflink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earring" title="Earring">Earring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferronni%C3%A8re" title="Ferronnière">Ferronnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_jewellery" class="mw-redirect" title="Genital jewellery">Genital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapel_pin" title="Lapel pin">Lapel pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necklace" title="Necklace">Necklace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_ring" title="Neck ring">Neck ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Pectoral (Ancient Egypt)">Pectoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendant" title="Pendant">Pendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">Tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_chain" title="Tie chain">Tie chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_clip" title="Tie clip">Tie clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_pin" title="Tie pin">Tie pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_ring" title="Toe ring">Toe ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch_strap" title="Watch strap">strap</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Making</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bench_jeweler" title="Bench jeweler">Bench jeweler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clockmaker" title="Clockmaker">Clockmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_design" title="Jewellery design">Jewellery designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapidary" title="Lapidary">Lapidarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silversmith" title="Silversmith">Silversmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchmaker" title="Watchmaker">Watchmaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_(carving)" title="Cameo (carving)">Carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_casting" title="Metal casting">Casting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_casting_(silversmithing)" title="Centrifugal casting (silversmithing)">centrifugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost-wax_casting" title="Lost-wax casting">lost-wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_casting" title="Metal casting">vacuum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">Enameling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">Engraving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filigree" title="Filigree">Filigree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_clay" title="Metal clay">Metal clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plating" title="Plating">Plating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polishing_(metalworking)" title="Polishing (metalworking)">Polishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing" title="Repoussé and chasing">Repoussé and chasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">Soldering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonesetting" title="Stonesetting">Stonesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_sculpture" title="Wire sculpture">Wire sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_wrapped_jewelry" title="Wire wrapped jewelry">Wire wrapped jewelry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_plate" title="Draw plate">Draw plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_(tool)" title="File (tool)">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandrel" title="Mandrel">Mandrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliers" title="Pliers">Pliers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precious metal <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_silver" title="Britannia silver">Britannia silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colored_gold" title="Colored gold">Colored gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_gold" title="Crown gold">Crown gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrum" title="Electrum">Electrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakud%C5%8D" title="Shakudō">Shakudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuichi" title="Shibuichi">Shibuichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_silver" title="Sterling silver">Sterling silver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentium_sterling_silver" title="Argentium sterling silver">Argentium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga">Tumbaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Base_metal" title="Base metal">Base metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">Brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokume-gane" title="Mokume-gane">Mokume-gane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_silver" title="Nickel silver">Nickel silver (alpacca)</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pewter" title="Pewter">Pewter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchbeck_(alloy)" title="Pinchbeck (alloy)">Pinchbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">Stainless steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mineral <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonite" title="Amazonite">Amazonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">Amethyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurine" title="Aventurine">Aventurine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beryl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Red_beryl" title="Red beryl">red</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnelian" title="Carnelian">Carnelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysoberyl" title="Chrysoberyl">Chrysoberyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysocolla" title="Chrysocolla">Chrysocolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diopside" title="Diopside">Diopside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">Emerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">Fluorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howlite" title="Howlite">Howlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyanite" title="Kyanite">Kyanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labradorite" title="Labradorite">Labradorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">Lapis lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larimar" title="Larimar">Larimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcasite_jewellery" title="Marcasite jewellery">Marcasite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonstone_(gemstone)" title="Moonstone (gemstone)">Moonstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridot" title="Peridot">Peridot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasiolite" title="Prasiolite">Prasiolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smoky_quartz" title="Smoky quartz">smoky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire" title="Sapphire">Sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodalite" title="Sodalite">Sodalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">Spinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunstone" title="Sunstone">Sunstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">Tanzanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger%27s_eye" title="Tiger's eye">Tiger's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">Topaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">Tourmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">Turquoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variscite" title="Variscite">Variscite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organic gemstones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">Amber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammolite" title="Ammolite">Ammolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copal" title="Copal">Copal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">Coral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_coral" title="Black coral">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_coral" title="Precious coral">Precious</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">Ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)" title="Jet (gemstone)">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">Nacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operculum_(gastropod)" title="Operculum (gastropod)">Operculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell" title="Tortoiseshell">Tortoiseshell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other natural objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezoar" title="Bezoar">Bezoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bog-wood" title="Bog-wood">Bog-wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebonite" title="Ebonite">Ebonite (vulcanite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_jewellery" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair jewellery">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_jewelry" title="Shell jewelry">Shell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spondylus" title="Spondylus">Spondylus shell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toadstone" title="Toadstone">Toadstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_jewelry" title="Art jewelry">Art jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carat_(mass)" title="Carat (mass)">Carat</a> (mass)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fineness#Carat" title="Fineness">Carat</a> (purity)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_(jewelcrafting)" title="Finding (jewelcrafting)">Finding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fineness" title="Fineness">Fineness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Related topics</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Body_piercing" title="Body piercing">Body piercing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gemology" title="Gemology">Gemology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">Metalworking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phaleristics" title="Phaleristics">Phaleristics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wearable_art" title="Wearable art">Wearable art</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ore_minerals,_mineral_mixtures_and_ore_deposits" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ores" title="Template:Ores"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ores" title="Template talk:Ores"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ores" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ores"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ore_minerals,_mineral_mixtures_and_ore_deposits" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ore#Ore,_gangue,_ore_minerals,_gangue_minerals" title="Ore">Ore minerals</a>, mineral mixtures and <a href="/wiki/Ore#Ore_deposits" title="Ore">ore deposits</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">Ores</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">Oxides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassiterite" title="Cassiterite">Cassiterite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromite" title="Chromite">Chromite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coltan" title="Coltan">Coltan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">tantalum</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbite" title="Columbite">Columbite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematite" title="Hematite">Hematite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmenite" title="Ilmenite">Ilmenite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetite" title="Magnetite">Magnetite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrolusite" title="Pyrolusite">Pyrolusite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantalite" title="Tantalite">Tantalite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">tantalum</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraninite" title="Uraninite">Uraninite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Sulfide" title="Sulfide">Sulfides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acanthite" title="Acanthite">Acanthite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentite" title="Argentite">Argentite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornite" title="Bornite">Bornite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcopyrite" title="Chalcopyrite">Chalcopyrite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcocite" title="Chalcocite">Chalcocite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnabar" title="Cinnabar">Cinnabar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobaltite" title="Cobaltite">Cobaltite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galena" title="Galena">Galena</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdenite" title="Molybdenite">Molybdenite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">Pyrite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentlandite" title="Pentlandite">Pentlandite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphalerite" title="Sphalerite">Sphalerite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">Carbonates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)" title="Dolomite (mineral)">Dolomite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesite" title="Magnesite">Magnesite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baryte" title="Baryte">Baryte</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">barium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">Bauxite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beryl</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperrylite" title="Sperrylite">Sperrylite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheelite" title="Scheelite">Scheelite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolframite" title="Wolframite">Wolframite</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deposit types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">Banded iron formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonate-hosted_lead-zinc_ore_deposits" title="Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc ore deposits">Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_mineral_sands_ore_deposits" title="Heavy mineral sands ore deposits">Heavy mineral sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_oxide_copper_gold_ore_deposits" title="Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits">Iron oxide copper gold (IOCG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambalda_type_komatiitic_nickel_ore_deposits" title="Kambalda type komatiitic nickel ore deposits">Kambalda-type komatiitic nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateritic_nickel_ore_deposits" title="Lateritic nickel ore deposits">Lateritic nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore#Nickel-cobalt-platinum_deposits" title="Ore">Magmatic nickel-copper-iron-PGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_copper_deposit" title="Porphyry copper deposit">Porphyry copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_exhalative_deposits" title="Sedimentary exhalative deposits">Sedimentary exhalative (SedEx)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_ore" title="Uranium ore">Uranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanogenic_massive_sulfide_ore_deposit" title="Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit">Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orogenic_gold_deposit" title="Orogenic gold deposit">Orogenic gold deposit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/23px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" 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