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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Modern use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Writing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stroke_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stroke_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Stroke order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stroke_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tonal_marks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tonal_marks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Tonal marks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tonal_marks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Example" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Example</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erhua_transcription" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erhua_transcription"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Erhua transcription</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erhua_transcription-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Comparison</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Comparison-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Comparison subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Comparison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pinyin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinyin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pinyin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinyin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chart" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chart"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Chart</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chart-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_outside_Standard_Mandarin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_outside_Standard_Mandarin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Use outside Standard Mandarin</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use_outside_Standard_Mandarin-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use outside Standard Mandarin subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use_outside_Standard_Mandarin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taiwanese_Hokkien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwanese_Hokkien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Taiwanese Hokkien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwanese_Hokkien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cantonese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cantonese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Cantonese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cantonese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Computer uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Computer_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Computer uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Computer_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Input_method" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Input_method"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Input method</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Input_method-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bopomofo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88" title="بوبوموفو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوبوموفو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B9-im_h%C3%BB-h%C5%8D" title="Chù-im hû-hō – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chù-im hû-hō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cu-jin_fu-chao" title="Ču-jin fu-chao – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ču-jin fu-chao" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88" title="بوپوموفو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوپوموفو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zh%C3%B9y%C4%ABn_f%C3%BAh%C3%A0o" title="Zhùyīn fúhào – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zhùyīn fúhào" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%8C%EB%B6%80%ED%98%B8" title="주음부호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주음부호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%B3-%C4%ADng_H%C3%B9-h%C3%B4%CC%A4" title="Ció-ĭng Hù-hô̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ció-ĭng Hù-hô̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="注音符号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="注音符号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%84%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Чжуинь фухао – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чжуинь фухао" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE" title="Бопомофо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бопомофо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="จู้อิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จู้อิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Чжуїнь – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чжуїнь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BA_%C3%A2m_ph%C3%B9_hi%E1%BB%87u" title="Chú âm phù hiệu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chú âm phù hiệu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3" title="國語注音 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="國語注音" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="注音符号 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="注音符号" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Zhuyin" redirects here. For the mythological creature, see <a href="/wiki/Zhulong_(mythology)" title="Zhulong (mythology)">Zhulong (mythology)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:violet;">Bopomofo<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhuyinbaike.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Zhuyinbaike.svg/250px-Zhuyinbaike.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Zhuyinbaike.svg/375px-Zhuyinbaike.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Zhuyinbaike.svg/500px-Zhuyinbaike.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="74" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">"Encyclopedia" written in bopomofo</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Semisyllabary" class="mw-redirect" title="Semisyllabary">Semisyllabary</a> </div> with diacritics for tones</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Creator</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Unification_of_Pronunciation" title="Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation">Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation</a></li> <li>Introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_government" title="Beiyang government">Beiyang government</a> of the Republic of China</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> (1918–1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiandai_Hanyu_Cidian" title="Xiandai Hanyu Cidian">Xiandai Hanyu Cidian</a></i> (<span class="nowrap">1960–2016</span>; as a supplement to <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (1945–present)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right, <a href="/wiki/Right-to-left_script" title="Right-to-left script">right-to-left script</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198269?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_script" title="Clerical script">Clerical script</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Bopomofo</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Child systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_bopomofo" title="Cantonese bopomofo">Cantonese bopomofo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou_Phonetic_Symbols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzhou Phonetic Symbols (page does not exist)">Suzhou Phonetic Symbols</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmu_Phonetic_Symbols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hmu Phonetic Symbols (page does not exist)">Hmu Phonetic Symbols</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsu_Fuchounese_bopomofo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matsu Fuchounese bopomofo (page does not exist)">Matsu Fuchounese bopomofo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%96%E9%96%A9%E6%9D%B1%EF%BC%88%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="extiw" title="zh:馬祖閩東（福州）語注音符號">zh</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Bopo</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">(285)</span>, Bopomofo</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Bopomofo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3100.pdf">U+3100–U+312F</a> <span class="nowrap">(Bopomofo)</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U31A0.pdf">U+31A0–U+31BF</a> <span class="nowrap">(Bopomofo Extended)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Mandarin Phonetic Symbols</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:注音符號">注音符號</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:注音符号">注音符号</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhùyīn fúhào</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄓㄨˋ<span style="padding-left:0.5ic;"> </span>ㄧㄣ<span style="padding-left:0.5ic;"> </span>ㄈㄨˊ<span style="padding-left:0.5ic;"> </span>ㄏㄠˋ</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Juh'in fwuhaw</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Chu<sup>4</sup>-yin<sup>1</sup> fu<sup>2</sup>-hao<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jhù-yin fú-hào</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jùyīn fúhàu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʈʂû.ín fǔ.xâʊ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Jyuyām Fùhhóu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Zyu3 jam1 fu4 hou2</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[tsy˧ jɐm˥ fu˩ hɔw˧˥]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Chù-im hû-hō</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Tsù-im hû-hō</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Transliteration_of_Chinese" title="Transliteration of Chinese">Transliteration of Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Standard Mandarin">Modern Standard Mandarin</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Spelling conventions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latinxua_Sin_Wenz" title="Latinxua Sin Wenz">Latinxua Sin Wenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lessing-Othmer" title="Lessing-Othmer">Lessing-Othmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Wade" title="Simplified Wade">Simplified Wade</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Standard_Mandarin_transcription_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Standard Mandarin transcription systems">Comparison chart</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(late_imperial_lingua_franca)" title="Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)">Late imperial Mandarin</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrison_romanization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morrison romanization (page does not exist)">Morrison romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legge_romanization" title="Legge romanization">Legge romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFEO_Chinese_transcription" title="EFEO Chinese transcription">EFEO</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuanese dialect">Sichuanese</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_Pinyin" title="Sichuanese Pinyin">Sichuanese Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuanxua_Ladinxua_Xin_Wenz" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz">Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">General Wu</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization of Wu Chinese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Wenzhounese" title="Wenzhounese">Wenzhounese</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhounese_romanisation" title="Wenzhounese romanisation">Wenzhounese romanization</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Transliteration_Scheme" title="Cantonese Transliteration Scheme">Cantonese Transliteration Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government_Cantonese_Romanisation" title="Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation">Hong Kong Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Government_Cantonese_Romanization" title="Macau Government Cantonese Romanization">Macau Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer%E2%80%93Wempe" title="Meyer–Wempe">Meyer–Wempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lau_romanisation" title="Sidney Lau romanisation">Sidney Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._L._Wong_(phonetic_symbols)" title="S. L. Wong (phonetic symbols)">S. L. Wong (phonetic symbols)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._L._Wong_(romanisation)" title="S. L. Wong (romanisation)">S. L. Wong (romanization)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILE_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="ILE romanization of Cantonese">ILE romani<s>z</s>ation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Romanization_(Cantonese)" title="Standard Romanization (Cantonese)">Standard Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnett%E2%80%93Chao" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnett–Chao">Barnett–Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Cantonese_romanization_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Cantonese romanization systems"> <i>Comparison chart</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Literal_Taiwanese" title="Modern Literal Taiwanese">Modern Literal Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phofsit_Daibuun" title="Phofsit Daibuun">Phofsit Daibuun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latinxua_Sin_Wenz" title="Latinxua Sin Wenz">Habhunwe Latinxua Sin Bhundzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bb%C3%A1nl%C3%A1m_p%C3%ACngy%C4%ABm" title="Bbánlám pìngyīm">Bbánlám pìngyīm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daighi_tongiong_pingim" class="mw-redirect" title="Daighi tongiong pingim">Daighi tongiong pingim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Language_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet">TLPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Hokkien_writing_systems" title="Comparison of Hokkien writing systems">Comparison chart</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peng%27im" title="Peng'im">Peng'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_Romanization" title="Teochew Romanization">Pe̍h-ūe-jī</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Fuzhounese</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">Foochow Romanized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_Transliteration_Scheme" title="Fuzhou Transliteration Scheme">Fuzhou Transliteration Scheme</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Min" title="Northern Min">Northern Min</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kienning_Colloquial_Romanized" title="Kienning Colloquial Romanized">Kienning Colloquial Romanized</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Pu-Xian_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu-Xian Min">Pu-Xian Min</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinghwa_Romanized" title="Hinghwa Romanized">Hinghwa Romanized</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainan Romanized">Hainan Romanized</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haikou_dialect" title="Haikou dialect">Haikou dialect</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese_Transliteration_Scheme" title="Hainanese Transliteration Scheme">Hainanese Transliteration Scheme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wenchang_dialect" title="Wenchang dialect">Wenchang dialect</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Shao%E2%80%93Jiang_Min" title="Shao–Jiang Min">Shao–Jiang Min</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanized_Shaowu" title="Romanized Shaowu">Romanized Shaowu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shaowu_dialect" title="Shaowu dialect">Shaowu dialect</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Gan_Chinese" title="Gan Chinese">Gan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Chang%E2%80%93Du_Gan" title="Chang–Du Gan">Chang-Du</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinfa" title="Pinfa">Pinfa</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Meixian_dialect" title="Meixian dialect">Meixian</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinfa" title="Pinfa">Pinfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagfa_Pinyim" title="Hagfa Pinyim">Hagfa Pinyim</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sixian_dialect" title="Sixian dialect">Sixian</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk-fa-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Pha̍k-fa-sṳ">Pha̍k-fa-sṳ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Language_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet">TLPA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Chang%E2%80%93Yi_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang–Yi dialects">Chang–Yi</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinfa" title="Pinfa">Pinfa</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Diasystem" title="Diasystem">Polylectal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/General_Chinese" title="General Chinese">General Chinese</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Chinese#Romanized_General_Chinese" title="General Chinese">Romanized General Chinese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other transliterations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Chinese#Character-based_General_Chinese" title="General Chinese">Character-based General Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Chinese" title="Cyrillization of Chinese">Cyrillization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa script</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_kana" title="Taiwanese kana">Taiwanese kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_into_Chinese_characters" title="Transcription into Chinese characters">Transcription into Chinese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By place</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Romanization in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_romanisation_in_Singapore" title="Chinese language romanisation in Singapore">Romanization in Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_romanization_in_Taiwan" title="Chinese language romanization in Taiwan">Romanization in Taiwan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks abchis-body"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_alphabet" title="History of the alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></i></span> 32nd <abbr title="century">c.</abbr> BCE <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></i></span> 32nd c. BCE <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></i></span> 7th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a> 3rd c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic">Proto-Sinaitic</a></i></span> 19th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a> 15th c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Ancient South Arabian</a> 9th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5th c. BCE</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> 12th c. BCE <ul><li>(<span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">see <a href="#tp-abchistory-phx">below</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> 1443</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1601</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a> 1989</li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="treeview"><span class="anchor" id="tp-abchistory-phx"></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> 12th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-Hebrew">Paleo-Hebrew</a> 10th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a> 6th c. BCE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a> 3rd c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmic family">Brahmic</a></i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a> 4th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a> 6th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> 611</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> 7th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa" class="mw-redirect" title="ʼPhags-pa">ʼPhags-pa</a> 1269</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> 10th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a> 1840</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Neo-Aramaic#Square_Aramaic_Alphabet" title="Western Neo-Aramaic">Square Aramaic</a> 2007</li></ul></li> <li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a></i></span> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> 4th century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palmyrene</a> 2nd c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a> 1949</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic</a> 6th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 650</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> 1204</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a> 2nd century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Etruscan</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> 7th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a> 1854</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a> 19th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Syllabic_writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a> 1888</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a> 1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saanich_dialect#Writing_system" title="Saanich dialect">Saanich</a> 1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a> 2006</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic">Runic</a> 2nd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a> 4th century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a> 5th c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a> 3rd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a> 3rd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a> 405 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 420</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 430</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic">Glagolitic</a> 862</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 940</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Permic">Old Permic</a> 1372</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyco-Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyco-Berber">Libyco-Berber</a> 10th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh#Neo-Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Neo-Tifinagh</a> 1970</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleohispanic_scripts" title="Paleohispanic scripts">Paleohispanic</a> 7th c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bopomofo</b>, also called <b>Zhuyin Fuhao</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">joo-YIN foo-HOW</i></a>; <span lang="zh-Hant">注音符號</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhùyīn fúhào</span></i>; 'phonetic symbols'), or simply <b>Zhuyin</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_transliteration" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese transliteration">transliteration system</a> for <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic languages</a>. It is the principal method of teaching Chinese Mandarin pronunciation in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. It consists of 37 characters and five <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tone</a> marks, which together can transcribe all possible sounds in <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>. </p><p>Bopomofo was first introduced in China during the 1910s by the <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_government" title="Beiyang government">Beiyang government</a>, where it was used alongside <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>, a romanization system which used a modified <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>. Today, Bopomofo is more common in Taiwan than on the mainland, and is used as the primary <a href="/wiki/Chinese_input_method" title="Chinese input method">electronic input method</a> for <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Taiwanese Mandarin</a>, as well as in dictionaries and other non-official documents. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Bopomofo</i> is the name used for the system by the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO) and <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. Analogous to how the word <i><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabet</a></i> is derived from the names of the first two letters <a href="/wiki/Alpha" title="Alpha">alpha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beta" title="Beta">beta</a>, the name <i>bopomofo</i> derives from the first four syllabographs in the system's conventional <a href="/wiki/Lexicographic_order" title="Lexicographic order">lexicographic order</a>: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄅ</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄆ</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄇ</span></span>, and <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄈ</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> the system is commonly known by its official name <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhuyin fuhao</span></i> (<span lang="zh-Hant">注音符號</span>; 'phonetic symbols'), or simply as <i><span lang="zh-Latn">zhuyin</span></i> (<span lang="zh-Hant">注音</span>; 'phonetic notation'). In official documents, it is occasionally called <b>Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant">國語注音符號第一式</span>), abbreviated as "MPS I" (<span lang="zh-Hant">注音一式</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-GIO_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-headlines_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-headlines-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to distinguish it from the <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II</a> (MPS II) system published in 1984. Formerly, the system was named <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Guoyin zimu</span></i> (<span lang="zh-Hant">國音字母</span>; 'national language alphabet') and <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhuyin zimu</span></i> (<span lang="zh-Hant">注音字母</span>; 'phonetic alphabet').<sup id="cite_ref-GIO_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Unification_of_Pronunciation#Phonetic_symbols" title="Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation">Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation § Phonetic symbols</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Unification_of_Pronunciation" title="Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation">Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhihui" title="Wu Zhihui">Wu Zhihui</a> from 1912 to 1913, created a system called <i>Zhuyin Zimu</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-GIO_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was based on <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Binglin" title="Zhang Binglin">Zhang Binglin</a>'s shorthand. It was used as the official phonetic script to annotate the sounds of the characters in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Old_National_Pronunciation" title="Old National Pronunciation">Old National Pronunciation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dong_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A draft was released on 11 July 1913, by the Republic of China National Ministry of Education, but it was not officially proclaimed until 23 November 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-GIO_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first named <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Guóyīn Zìmǔ</i></span> 'national pronunciation alphabet', but in April 1930 was renamed <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Zhùyīn Fúhào</i></span> 'phonetic symbols' to address fears that the alphabetic system might independently replace <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu&page=24" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu/page24-220px-CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu/page24-330px-CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu/page24-440px-CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2677" data-file-height="4440" /></a><figcaption>A guide on how to typeset Bopomofo alongside characters. (1936, <a href="/wiki/Li_Jinxi" title="Li Jinxi">Li Jinxi</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Bopomofo is the predominant phonetic system in teaching reading and writing in <a href="/wiki/Elementary_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementary school">elementary school</a> in Taiwan. In elementary school, particularly in the lower years, Chinese characters in textbooks are often annotated with Bopomofo as <a href="/wiki/Ruby_character" title="Ruby character">ruby characters</a> as an aid to learning. Additionally, one children's newspaper in Taiwan, the <i><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Daily_News" title="Mandarin Daily News">Mandarin Daily News</a></i>, annotates all articles with Bopomofo ruby characters. </p><p>It is also the most popular way for Taiwanese to enter Chinese characters into computers and <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> and to look up characters in a dictionary. </p><p>In teaching Mandarin, Taiwan institutions and some overseas communities such as Filipino Chinese use Bopomofo. </p><p>Bopomofo is shown in a secondary position to <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a> in all editions of <i><a href="/wiki/Xiandai_Hanyu_Cidian" title="Xiandai Hanyu Cidian">Xiandai Hanyu Cidian</a></i> from the 1960 edition to the current 2016 edition (7th edition). </p><p>Bopomofo is also used to transcribe other Chinese dialects, most commonly <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, however its use can be applied to practically any dialect in handwriting (because not all letters are encoded). Outside of Chinese, Bopomofo letters are also used in <a href="/wiki/Hmu_language" title="Hmu language">Hmu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gejia_language" title="Gejia language">Ge</a> languages by a small number of Hmu Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg/200px-%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg/300px-%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg/400px-%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1748" /></a><figcaption>Table of Bopomofo, with romanization given in <a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bopomofo_in_Regular,_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg/220px-Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg/330px-Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg/440px-Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1921" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption>Bopomofo in Regular, Handwritten Regular & Cursive formats</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bopomofo characters were created by <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Binglin" title="Zhang Binglin">Zhang Binglin</a>, taken mainly from "<a href="/wiki/Regular_script" title="Regular script">regularized</a>" forms of ancient Chinese characters, the modern readings of which contain the sound that each letter represents. The consonants are listed in order of <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a>, from the front of the mouth to the back, /b/, /p/, /m/, /f/, /d/, /t/, /n/, /l/ etc. </p> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Origin of bopomofo symbols</b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275448275">.mw-parser-output .defaultleft{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .defaultcenter{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .defaultright{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .col1left td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2left td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3left td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4left td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5left td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6left td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7left td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8left td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9left td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10left td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11left td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12left td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13left td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14left td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15left td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16left td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17left td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18left td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19left td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20left td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21left td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22left td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23left td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24left td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25left td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26left td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27left td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28left td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29left td:nth-child(29){text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col1center td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2center td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3center td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4center td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5center td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6center td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7center td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8center td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9center td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10center td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11center td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12center td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13center td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14center td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15center td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16center td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17center td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18center td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19center td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20center td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21center td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22center td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23center td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24center td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25center td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26center td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27center td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28center td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29center td:nth-child(29){text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .col1right td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2right td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3right td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4right td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5right td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6right td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7right td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8right td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9right td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10right td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11right td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12right td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13right td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14right td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15right td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16right td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17right td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18right td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19right td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20right td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21right td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22right td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23right td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24right td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25right td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26right td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27right td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28right td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29right td:nth-child(29){text-align:right}</style> <table class="wikitable defaultcenter col2left" style="display:inline-table;"> <caption>Consonants </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Bopomofo</th> <th style="width:500px;">Origin<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">WG</a></th> <th width="100">Example </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄅ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8B%B9#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:勹">勹</a></span>, the ancient form and current top portion of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%85#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:包">包</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">bāo</i></span>, "to wrap up; package" </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span></td> <td>b</td> <td>p</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">包</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">bāo</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄅㄠ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄆ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%94%B5#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:攵">攵</a></span>, a variant form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%94%B4#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:攴">攴</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">pū</i></span>, "to knock lightly". </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a></span></td> <td>p</td> <td>pʻ</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">撲</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">pū</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄆㄨ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄇ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%86%82#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:冂">冂</a></span>, the archaic character and current "cover" <a href="/wiki/Radical_(Chinese_characters)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical (Chinese characters)">radical</a> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">冖</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">mì</i></span>. </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span></td> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">冞</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">mí</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄇㄧˊ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄈ</span></span></td> <td>From the "right open box" <a href="/wiki/Radical_(Chinese_characters)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical (Chinese characters)">radical</a> <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%9A#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:匚">匚</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">fāng</i></span>. </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span></td> <td>f</td> <td>f</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">匪</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">fěi</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄈㄟˇ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄉ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A0%9A%A3#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠚣">𠚣</a></span>, archaic form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%88%80#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:刀">刀</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">dāo</i></span>, "blade". Compare the <i>Shuowen</i> seal <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%88%80-seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%E5%88%80-seal.svg/22px-%E5%88%80-seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%E5%88%80-seal.svg/33px-%E5%88%80-seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%E5%88%80-seal.svg/44px-%E5%88%80-seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span>. </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span></td> <td>d</td> <td>t</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">地</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">dì</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄉㄧˋ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄊ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A0%AB%93#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠫓">𠫓</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">tū</i></span>, an upside-down form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:子">子</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">zǐ</i></span> and an ancient form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:突">突</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">tū</i></span> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg/22px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg/33px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg/44px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> and <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg/22px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg/33px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg/44px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> in <a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">seal script</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a></span></td> <td>t</td> <td>tʻ</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">提</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">tí</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄊㄧˊ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄋ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B9%83-seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%E4%B9%83-seal.svg/22px-%E4%B9%83-seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%E4%B9%83-seal.svg/33px-%E4%B9%83-seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%E4%B9%83-seal.svg/44px-%E4%B9%83-seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span>/<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A0%84%8E#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠄎">𠄎</a></span>, ancient form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%83#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:乃">乃</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">nǎi</i></span>, "to be" (a copula in Classical Chinese). </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span></td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">你</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">nǐ</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄋㄧˇ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄌ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A0%A0%B2#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠠲">𠠲</a></span>, archaic form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8A%9B#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:力">力</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">lì</i></span>, "power". </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span></td> <td>l</td> <td>l</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">利</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">lì</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄌㄧˋ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄍ</span></span> </td> <td>From the obsolete character <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9C#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:巜">巜</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">guì</i></span>/<span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">kuài</i></span>, "ditch". </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span></td> <td>g</td> <td>k</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">告</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">gào</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄍㄠˋ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄎ</span></span> </td> <td>From the archaic character, now "breath" or "sigh" component <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%82#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:丂">丂</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">kǎo</i></span>. </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a></span></td> <td>k</td> <td>kʻ</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">考</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">kǎo</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄎㄠˇ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄏ</span></span> </td> <td>From the archaic character and current radical <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8E%82#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:厂">厂</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">hǎn</i></span>. </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span></td> <td>h</td> <td>h</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">好</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">hǎo</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄏㄠˇ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄐ</span></span> </td> <td>From the archaic character <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A9#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:丩">丩</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">jiū</i></span>. </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a></span></td> <td>j</td> <td>ch</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">叫</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">jiào</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄐㄧㄠˋ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄑ</span></span> </td> <td>From the archaic character <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A1%BF%A8#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𡿨">𡿨</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">quǎn</i></span>, graphic root of the character <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9B" class="extiw" title="wikt:巛">巛</a></span></span> <i>chuān</i>, "river" (modern <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D" class="extiw" title="wikt:川">川</a></span></span>). </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tɕʰ</a></span></td> <td>q</td> <td>chʻ</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">巧</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">qiǎo</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄑㄧㄠˇ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄒ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%85#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:丅">丅</a></span>, an ancient form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:下">下</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">xià</i></span>, "under". </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></span></td> <td>x</td> <td>hs</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">小</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">xiǎo</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄒㄧㄠˇ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄓ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg/22px-%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg/33px-%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg/44px-%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span>/<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A1%B3%BF#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𡳿">𡳿</a></span>, archaic form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8B#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:之">之</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">zhī</i></span>, a genitive marker in Classical Chinese. </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">ʈʂ</a></span></td> <td>zhi, zh-</td> <td>ch</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">知</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">zhī</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄓ</span></span></span>;<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">主</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">zhǔ</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄓㄨˇ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄔ</span></span> </td> <td>From the character and radical <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BD%B3#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:彳">彳</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">chì</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">ʈʂʰ</a></span></td> <td>chi, ch-</td> <td>chʻ</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">吃</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">chī</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄔ</span></span></span>;<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">出</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">chū</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄔㄨ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A1%B0%A3#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𡰣">𡰣</a></span>, an ancient form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B0%B8#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:尸">尸</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">shī</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span></td> <td>shi, sh-</td> <td>sh</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">是</span></span> shì<br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕˋ</span></span></span>;<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">束</span></span> shù<br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕㄨˋ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄖ</span></span> </td> <td>Modified from the seal script <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%97%A5-seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E6%97%A5-seal.svg/22px-%E6%97%A5-seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E6%97%A5-seal.svg/33px-%E6%97%A5-seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E6%97%A5-seal.svg/44px-%E6%97%A5-seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:日">日</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">rì</i></span>, "day" or "sun". </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a></span><a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">~</a><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a></span></td> <td>ri, r-</td> <td>j</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">日</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">rì</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄖˋ</span></span></span>;<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">入</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">rù</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄖㄨˋ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄗ</span></span> </td> <td>From the archaic character and current radical <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A9#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:卩">卩</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">jié</i></span>, dialectically <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">zié</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tsjě]</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">tsieh²</span></i> in Wade–Giles) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></span></td> <td>zi, z-</td> <td>ts</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">字</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">zì</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄗˋ</span></span></span>;<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">在</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">zài</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄗㄞˋ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄘ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A0%80%81#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠀁">𠀁</a></span>, archaic form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:七">七</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">qī</i></span>, dialectically <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">ciī</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tsʰí]</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">tsʻi¹</span></i> in Wade–Giles). Compare semi-cursive form <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qi1_seven_semicursive.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Qi1_seven_semicursive.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="23" data-file-height="18" /></a></span> and seal-script <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%83-seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%E4%B8%83-seal.svg/22px-%E4%B8%83-seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%E4%B8%83-seal.svg/33px-%E4%B8%83-seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%E4%B8%83-seal.svg/44px-%E4%B8%83-seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span>. </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tsʰ</a></span></td> <td>ci, c-</td> <td>tsʻ</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">詞</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">cí</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄘˊ</span></span></span>;<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">才</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">cái</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄘㄞˊ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄙ</span></span> </td> <td>From the archaic character <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8E%B6#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:厶">厶</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">sī</i></span>, which was later replaced by its compound <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A7%81#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:私">私</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">sī</i></span>. </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span></td> <td>si, s-</td> <td>s</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">四</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">sì</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄙˋ</span></span></span>;<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">塞</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">sāi</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄙㄞ</span></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1275448275"> <table class="wikitable defaultcenter col2left" style="display:inline-table;"> <caption>Rhymes and medials </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Bopomofo</th> <th style="width:500px;">Origin</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">WG</a></th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄚ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AB#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:丫">丫</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">yā</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span></td> <td>a</td> <td>a</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">大</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">dà</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄉㄚˋ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄛ</span></span> </td> <td>From the obsolete character <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A0%80%80#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠀀">𠀀</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">hē</i></span>, inhalation, the reverse of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%82#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:丂">丂</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">kǎo</i></span>, which is preserved as a phonetic in the compound <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:可">可</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">kě</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-u20000_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u20000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span></td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">多</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">duō</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄉㄨㄛ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo-TW">ㄜ</span></span> </td> <td>Derived from its <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophone</a> in Standard Chinese, <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%9B#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄛ">ㄛ</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">o</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></span></td> <td>e</td> <td>o/ê</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">得</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">dé</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄉㄜˊ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄝ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9F#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:也">也</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">yě</i></span>, "also". Compare the Warring States bamboo form <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ye3_also_chu3jian3_warring_state_of_chu3_small.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Ye3_also_chu3jian3_warring_state_of_chu3_small.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="23" data-file-height="17" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></td> <td>-ie/ê</td> <td>eh</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">爹</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">diē</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄉㄧㄝ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄞ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A0%80%85#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠀅">𠀅</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">hài</i></span>, archaic form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A5#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:亥">亥</a></span>. </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ai</span></td> <td>ai</td> <td>ai</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">晒</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">shài</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕㄞˋ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄟ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%81#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:乁">乁</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">yí</i></span>, an obsolete character meaning <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A7%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:移">移</a></span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">yí</i></span>, "to move". </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ei</span></td> <td>ei</td> <td>ei</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">誰</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">shéi</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕㄟˊ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄠ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BA#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:幺">幺</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">yāo</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">au</span></td> <td>ao</td> <td>ao</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">少</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">shǎo</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕㄠˇ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄡ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%88#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:又">又</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">yòu</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ou</span></td> <td>ou</td> <td>ou</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">收</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">shōu</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕㄡ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄢ</span></span> </td> <td>From the archaic character <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A2%8E%98#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𢎘">𢎘</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">hàn</i></span> "to bloom", preserved as a phonetic in the compound <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">犯</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">fàn</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">an</span></td> <td>an</td> <td>an</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">山</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">shān</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕㄢ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄣ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A0%83%89#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠃉">𠃉</a></span>, archaic variant of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%B3%A6#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:鳦">鳦</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">yǐ</i></span> or <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9A#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:乚">乚</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">yà</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">乚</span></span> is  <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">yǐn</i></span> according to other sources<sup id="cite_ref-u4E5A_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u4E5A-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ən</span></td> <td>en</td> <td>ên</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">申</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">shēn</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕㄣ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄤ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A2#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:尢">尢</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">wāng</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aŋ</span></td> <td>ang</td> <td>ang</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">上</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">shàng</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕㄤˋ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄥ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A0%83%8B#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠃋">𠃋</a></span>, archaic form of <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%82%B1#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:肱">肱</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">gōng</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">əŋ</span></td> <td>eng</td> <td>êng</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">生</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">shēng</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕㄥ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄦ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%84%BF#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:儿">儿</a></span>, the bottom portion of <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:兒">兒</a></span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">ér</i></span> used as a cursive and <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified</a> form </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aɚ</span></td> <td>er</td> <td>êrh</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">而</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">ér</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄦˊ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧ</span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bpmf-i.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/16px-Bpmf-i.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/24px-Bpmf-i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/32px-Bpmf-i.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:一">一</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">yī</i></span>, "one" </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></td> <td>y, yi, -i</td> <td>i</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">以</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">yǐ</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧˇ</span></span></span>;<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">逆</span></span> nì<br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄋㄧˋ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨ</span></span> </td> <td>From <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%90%85#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:㐅">㐅</a></span>, ancient form of <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:五">五</a></span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">wǔ</i></span>, "five". Compare the transitory form <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">𠄡</span></span>. </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></td> <td>w, wu, -u</td> <td>u/w</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">努</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">nǔ</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄋㄨˇ</span></span></span>;<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">我</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">wǒ</i></span><br />ㄨㄛˇ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄩ</span></span> </td> <td>From the ancient character <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%87%B5#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:凵">凵</a></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">qū</i></span>, which remains as a radical </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span></td> <td>yu, -ü</td> <td>ü/yü</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">雨</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">yǔ</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄩˇ</span></span></span>;<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">女</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">nǚ</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄋㄩˇ</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄭ</span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg/15px-MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg/23px-MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg/30px-MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td> <td>From the character <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%80#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:帀">帀</a></span>. It represents the <a href="/wiki/Fricative_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative vowel">fricative vowel</a> of <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄓ</span></span>，<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄔ</span></span>，<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕ</span></span>，<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄖ</span></span>，<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄗ</span></span>，<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄘ</span></span>，<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄙ</span></span>，though it is not used after them in transcription.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ̩</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ̩</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ̩</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z̩</a></span></td> <td>-i</td> <td>ih/ŭ</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">資</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">zī</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄗ</span></span></span>;<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">知</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">zhī</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄓ</span></span></span>;<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">死</span></span> <span title="ISO 7098 Chinese (Mandarin Chinese language) transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">sǐ</i></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄙˇ</span></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing">Writing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stroke_order">Stroke order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Stroke order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bopomofo is written in the same <a href="/wiki/Stroke_order" title="Stroke order">stroke order</a> rule as Chinese characters. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄖ</span></span> is written with three strokes, unlike the character from which it is derived (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">日</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">rì</span></i>), which has four strokes. </p><p><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧ</span></span> can be written as a vertical line (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bpmf-i2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bpmf-i2.svg/16px-Bpmf-i2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bpmf-i2.svg/24px-Bpmf-i2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bpmf-i2.svg/32px-Bpmf-i2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span>) or a horizontal line (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bpmf-i.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/16px-Bpmf-i.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/24px-Bpmf-i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/32px-Bpmf-i.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span>); both are accepted forms. Traditionally, it should be written as a horizontal line in vertical writing, and a vertical line in horizontal writing. The People's Republic of China almost exclusively uses horizontal writing, so the vertical form (in the rare occasion that Bopomofo is used) has become the standard form there. Language education in the Republic of China generally uses vertical writing, so most people learn it as a horizontal line, and use a horizontal form even in horizontal writing. In 2008, the Taiwanese Ministry of Education decided that the primary form should always be the horizontal form, but that the vertical form is accepted alternative.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unicode 8.0.0 published an errata in 2014 that updates the representative glyph to be the horizontal form.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Computer fonts may only display one form or the other, or may be able to display both if the font is aware of changes needed for vertical writing. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 115px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110px; height: 70px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%84%85-bw.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%E3%84%85-bw.png/79px-%E3%84%85-bw.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%E3%84%85-bw.png/118px-%E3%84%85-bw.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%E3%84%85-bw.png/157px-%E3%84%85-bw.png 2x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="121" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 115px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110px; 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height: 70px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%84%A8-bw.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%E3%84%A8-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%A8-bw.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%E3%84%A8-bw.png/120px-%E3%84%A8-bw.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%E3%84%A8-bw.png/160px-%E3%84%A8-bw.png 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="109" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 115px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110px; height: 70px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%84%A9-bw.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E3%84%A9-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%A9-bw.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E3%84%A9-bw.png/120px-%E3%84%A9-bw.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E3%84%A9-bw.png/160px-%E3%84%A9-bw.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="103" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 115px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110px; height: 70px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%84%AD-bw.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%E3%84%AD-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%AD-bw.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%E3%84%AD-bw.png/120px-%E3%84%AD-bw.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%E3%84%AD-bw.png/160px-%E3%84%AD-bw.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <p>Bopomofo is occasionally unofficially handwritten as syllable blocks, similar to <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>, however this is not considered an accepted form by the People's Republic of China nor the Republic of China, and is unsupported by Unicode. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tonal_marks">Tonal marks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tonal marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As shown in the following table, <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_phonology#Tones" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin phonology">tone</a> marks for the second, third, and fourth tones are shared between bopomofo and <a href="/wiki/Pinyin_tones" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin tones">pinyin</a>. In bopomofo, the mark for first tone is usually omitted but can be included,<sup id="cite_ref-bopomofo2017_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bopomofo2017-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bopomofo2017en_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bopomofo2017en-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a dot above indicates the fifth tone (also known as the <a href="/wiki/Neutral_tone" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral tone">neutral tone</a>). In pinyin, a <a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">macron</a> (overbar) indicates the first tone, and the lack of a marker usually indicates the fifth (light) tone. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Tone_number" title="Tone number">Tone</a> </th> <th colspan="2">Bopomofo </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Tone Marker </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Name </th> <th>Tone Marker </th> <th>Unicode Name </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">ˉ </td> <td>Modifier Letter Macron<br /><small>(usually omitted)<sup id="cite_ref-bopomofo2017_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bopomofo2017-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bopomofo2017en_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bopomofo2017en-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">◌̄</span> </td> <td>Combining Macron </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">ˊ </td> <td>Modifier Letter Acute Accent </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">◌́</span> </td> <td>Combining Acute Accent </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">ˇ </td> <td>Caron </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">◌̌</span> </td> <td>Combining Caron </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">ˋ </td> <td>Modifier Letter Grave Accent </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">◌̀</span> </td> <td>Combining Grave Accent </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">˙ </td> <td>Dot Above<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">·</span> </td> <td>Middle Dot<br /><small>(usually omitted)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Unlike Hanyu Pinyin, Bopomofo aligns well with the Chinese characters in books whose texts are <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">printed vertically</a>, making Bopomofo better suited for annotating the pronunciation of vertically oriented Chinese text. </p><p>When used in conjunction with Chinese characters, Bopomofo is typically placed to the right of the Chinese character vertically in both <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">vertical print</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">horizontal print</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to the top of the Chinese character in a horizontal print (see <a href="/wiki/Ruby_character" title="Ruby character">Ruby characters</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Example">Example</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Example"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is an example for the word "bottle" (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">píngzi</span></i>): </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 0 0.5em;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">瓶</span></span></td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄆ<br />ㄧ<br />ㄥˊ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">子</span></span></td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">˙<br />ㄗ</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="padding:0 1.5em">,</td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">瓶</span></span></td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">ㄆ<br />ㄧ<br />ㄥˊ</span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">子</span></span></td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">˙<br />ㄗ</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="padding:0 1.5em">or</td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em; text-align:center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄆㄧㄥˊ</span></span></td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em; text-align:center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">˙ㄗ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">瓶</span></span></td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">子</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erhua_transcription">Erhua transcription</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Erhua transcription"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Words rhotacized as a result of <a href="/wiki/Erhua" title="Erhua">erhua</a> are spelled with <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄦ</span></span> attached to the syllable (like <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1163242311">.mw-parser-output .templateruby>rt{font-variant-east-asian:ruby;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .templateruby.large{font-size:250%}.mw-parser-output .templateruby.large>rt{font-size:50%}</style><ruby lang="zh-Hant" class="templateruby">歌兒<rp>（</rp><rt class="bopomofo" lang="zh-Bopo">ㄍㄜㄦ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">gēr</i></span>). In case the syllable uses other tones than the 1st tone, the tone mark is attached to the penultimate letter standing for syllable nucleus, but not to <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄦ</span></span> (e.g. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1163242311"><ruby lang="zh-Hant" class="templateruby">哪兒<rp>（</rp><rt class="bopomofo" lang="zh-Bopo">ㄋㄚˇㄦ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%85%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:哪兒"><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">nǎr</i></span></a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1163242311"><ruby lang="zh-Hant" class="templateruby">一<rp>（</rp><rt class="bopomofo" lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1163242311"><ruby lang="zh-Hant" class="templateruby">點兒<rp>（</rp><rt class="bopomofo" lang="zh-Bopo">ㄉㄧㄢˇㄦ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%9E%E5%85%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:一點兒"><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">yīdiǎnr</i></span></a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1163242311"><ruby lang="zh-Hant" class="templateruby">好<rp>（</rp><rt class="bopomofo" lang="zh-Bopo">ㄏㄠˇ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1163242311"><ruby lang="zh-Hant" class="templateruby">玩兒<rp>（</rp><rt class="bopomofo" lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄢˊㄦ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E7%8E%A9%E5%85%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:好玩兒"><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">hǎowánr</i></span></a>).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison">Comparison</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Comparison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinyin">Pinyin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pinyin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bopomofo and <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> are based on the same Mandarin pronunciations; hence there is a one-to-one correspondence between the two systems: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>IPA and pinyin counterparts of Bopomofo finals </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="14">Rhyme </th></tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <th></th> <th>ㄚ</th> <th>ㄛ</th> <th>ㄜ</th> <th>ㄝ</th> <th>ㄞ</th> <th>ㄟ</th> <th>ㄠ</th> <th>ㄡ</th> <th>ㄢ</th> <th>ㄣ</th> <th>ㄤ</th> <th>ㄥ</th> <th>ㄦ </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Medial </th> <th> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɨ]</span><br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄭ</span></span>) <sup>1</sup><br /><br />-i </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄚ</span></span><br />a<br />-a </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄛ</span></span> <sup>3</sup><br />o<br />-o <sup>3</sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɤ]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄜ</span></span><br />e<br />-e </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄝ</span></span><br />ê<br />  </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ai̯]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄞ</span></span><br />ai<br />-ai </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ei̯]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄟ</span></span><br />ei<br />-ei </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑu̯]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄠ</span></span><br />ao<br />-ao </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ou̯]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄡ</span></span><br />ou<br />-ou </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[an]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄢ</span></span><br />an<br />-an </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ən]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄣ</span></span><br />en<br />-en </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑŋ]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄤ</span></span><br />ang<br />-ang </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɤŋ]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄥ</span></span><br />eng<br />-eng </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aɚ]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄦ</span></span><br />er<br />  </td></tr> <tr> <th><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧ</span></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧ</span></span><br />yi<br />-i </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i̯a]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧㄚ</span></span><br />ya<br />-ia </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i̯o]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧㄛ</span></span><br />yo<br />  </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i̯ɛ]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧㄝ</span></span><br />ye<br />-ie </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i̯ai̯]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧㄞ</span></span><br />yai<br />  </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i̯ɑu̯]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧㄠ</span></span><br />yao<br />-iao </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i̯ou̯]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧㄡ</span></span><br />you<br />-iu </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i̯ɛn]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧㄢ</span></span><br />yan<br />-ian </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[in]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧㄣ</span></span><br />yin<br />-in </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i̯ɑŋ]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧㄤ</span></span><br />yang<br />-iang </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iŋ]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧㄥ</span></span><br />ying<br />-ing </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨ</span></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨ</span></span><br />wu<br />-u </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u̯a]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄚ</span></span><br />wa<br />-ua </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u̯o]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄛ</span></span> <sup>3</sup><br />wo<br />-uo <sup>3</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u̯ai̯]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄞ</span></span><br />wai<br />-uai </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u̯ei̯]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄟ</span></span><br />wei<br />-ui </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u̯an]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄢ</span></span><br />wan<br />-uan </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u̯ən]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄣ</span></span><br />wen<br />-un </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u̯ɑŋ]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄤ</span></span><br />wang<br />-uang </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u̯ɤŋ],<span class="wrap"> </span>[ʊŋ]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄥ</span></span><br />weng<br />-ong <sup>4</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄩ</span></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[y]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄩ</span></span><br />yu<br />-ü <sup>2</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[y̯ɛ]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄩㄝ</span></span><br />yue<br />-üe <sup>2</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[y̯ɛn]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄩㄢ</span></span><br />yuan<br />-üan <sup>2</sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[yn]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄩㄣ</span></span><br />yun<br />-ün <sup>2</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i̯ʊŋ]</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄩㄥ</span></span><br />yong<br />-iong </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup>1</sup> Not written. </p><p><sup>2</sup> <span class="nowrap">⟨-ü⟩</span> is written as <span class="nowrap">⟨-u⟩</span> after <span class="nowrap">⟨j-⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨q-⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨x-⟩</span>, or <span class="nowrap">⟨y-⟩</span>. </p><p><sup>3</sup> <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄛ</span></span>⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨-uo⟩</span> is written as <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄛ</span></span>⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨-o⟩</span> after <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄅ</span></span>⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨b-⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄆ</span></span>⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨p-⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄇ</span></span>⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨m-⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄈ</span></span>⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨f-⟩</span>. </p><p><sup>4</sup> <span class="nowrap">⟨weng⟩</span> is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʊŋ]</span> (written as <span class="nowrap">⟨-ong⟩</span>) when it follows an initial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chart">Chart</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chart"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Vowels <i>a</i>, <i>e</i>, <i>o</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɤ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ai</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ei</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">au</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ou</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">an</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ən</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aŋ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">əŋ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʊŋ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aɹ</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> </th> <td rowspan="3">a</td> <td rowspan="3">o</td> <td rowspan="2">ê</td> <td rowspan="2">e</td> <td rowspan="3">ai</td> <td rowspan="3">ei</td> <td rowspan="3">ao</td> <td rowspan="3">ou</td> <td rowspan="3">an</td> <td rowspan="2">en</td> <td rowspan="3">ang</td> <td rowspan="2">eng</td> <td rowspan="2">ong</td> <td rowspan="2">er </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a> </th> <td>eh</td> <td>ê/o</td> <td>ên</td> <td>êng</td> <td>ung</td> <td>êrh </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <th scope="row" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a> </th> <td>ㄚ</td> <td>ㄛ</td> <td>ㄝ</td> <td>ㄜ</td> <td>ㄞ</td> <td>ㄟ</td> <td>ㄠ</td> <td>ㄡ</td> <td>ㄢ</td> <td>ㄣ</td> <td>ㄤ</td> <td>ㄥ</td> <td>ㄨㄥ</td> <td>ㄦ </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-hant"> <th scope="row" lang="en">example </th> <td>阿</td> <td>喔</td> <td>誒</td> <td>俄</td> <td>艾</td> <td>黑</td> <td>凹</td> <td>偶</td> <td>安</td> <td>恩</td> <td>昂</td> <td>冷</td> <td>中</td> <td>二 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Vowels <i>i</i>, <i>u</i>, <i>y</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">je</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">jou</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">jɛn</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">in</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iŋ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">jʊŋ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">wo</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">wei</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">wən</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">wəŋ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">y</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɥe</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɥɛn</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">yn</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> </th> <td rowspan="2">yi</td> <td rowspan="2">ye</td> <td rowspan="2">you</td> <td rowspan="2">yan</td> <td rowspan="3">yin</td> <td rowspan="3">ying</td> <td rowspan="2">yong</td> <td rowspan="3">wu</td> <td rowspan="3">wo/o</td> <td rowspan="3">wei</td> <td>wen</td> <td>weng</td> <td rowspan="2">yu</td> <td rowspan="2">yue</td> <td rowspan="2">yuan</td> <td rowspan="2">yun </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a> </th> <td>wun</td> <td>wong </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a> </th> <td>i/yi</td> <td>yeh</td> <td>yu</td> <td>yen</td> <td>yung</td> <td>wên</td> <td>wêng</td> <td>yü</td> <td>yüeh</td> <td>yüan</td> <td>yün </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <th scope="row" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a> </th> <td>ㄧ</td> <td>ㄧㄝ</td> <td>ㄧㄡ</td> <td>ㄧㄢ</td> <td>ㄧㄣ</td> <td>ㄧㄥ</td> <td>ㄩㄥ</td> <td>ㄨ</td> <td>ㄨㄛ/ㄛ</td> <td>ㄨㄟ</td> <td>ㄨㄣ</td> <td>ㄨㄥ</td> <td>ㄩ</td> <td>ㄩㄝ</td> <td>ㄩㄢ</td> <td>ㄩㄣ </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-hant"> <th scope="row" lang="en">example </th> <td>一</td> <td>也</td> <td>又</td> <td>言</td> <td>音</td> <td>英</td> <td>用</td> <td>五</td> <td>我</td> <td>位</td> <td>文</td> <td>翁</td> <td>玉</td> <td>月</td> <td>元</td> <td>雲 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Non-sibilant consonants </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">p</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">fəŋ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tjou</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">twei</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">twən</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʰɤ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ny</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ly</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kɤ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kʰɤ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">xɤ</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> </th> <td rowspan="2">b</td> <td rowspan="2">p</td> <td rowspan="3">m</td> <td>feng</td> <td>diu</td> <td>dui</td> <td rowspan="2">dun</td> <td rowspan="2">te</td> <td>nü</td> <td>lü</td> <td rowspan="2">ge</td> <td rowspan="2">ke</td> <td rowspan="2">he </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a> </th> <td>fong</td> <td>diou</td> <td>duei</td> <td>nyu</td> <td>lyu </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a> </th> <td>p</td> <td>pʻ</td> <td>fêng</td> <td>tiu</td> <td>tui</td> <td>tun</td> <td>tʻê</td> <td>nü</td> <td>lü</td> <td>ko</td> <td>kʻo</td> <td>ho </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <th scope="row" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a> </th> <td>ㄅ</td> <td>ㄆ</td> <td>ㄇ</td> <td>ㄈㄥ</td> <td>ㄉㄧㄡ</td> <td>ㄉㄨㄟ</td> <td>ㄉㄨㄣ</td> <td>ㄊㄜ</td> <td>ㄋㄩ</td> <td>ㄌㄩ</td> <td>ㄍㄜ</td> <td>ㄎㄜ</td> <td>ㄏㄜ </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-hant"> <th scope="row" lang="en">example </th> <td>玻</td> <td>婆</td> <td>末</td> <td>封</td> <td>丟</td> <td>兌</td> <td>頓</td> <td>特</td> <td>女</td> <td>旅</td> <td>歌</td> <td>可</td> <td>何 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Sibilant consonants </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tɕjɛn</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tɕjʊŋ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tɕʰin</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɕɥɛn</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʈʂɤ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʈʂɨ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʈʂʰɤ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʈʂʰɨ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʂɤ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʂɨ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɻɤ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɻɨ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsɤ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tswo</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsɨ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsʰɤ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsʰɨ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">sɤ</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">sɨ</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> </th> <td rowspan="2">jian</td> <td>jiong</td> <td>qin</td> <td>xuan</td> <td>zhe</td> <td>zhi</td> <td rowspan="2">che</td> <td>chi</td> <td rowspan="2">she</td> <td>shi</td> <td rowspan="2">re</td> <td>ri</td> <td rowspan="2">ze</td> <td rowspan="2">zuo</td> <td>zi</td> <td rowspan="2">ce</td> <td>ci</td> <td rowspan="2">se</td> <td>si </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a> </th> <td>jyong</td> <td>cin</td> <td>syuan</td> <td>jhe</td> <td>jhih</td> <td>chih</td> <td>shih</td> <td>rih</td> <td>zih</td> <td>cih</td> <td>sih </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a> </th> <td>chien</td> <td>chiung</td> <td>chʻin</td> <td>hsüan</td> <td>chê</td> <td>chih</td> <td>chʻê</td> <td>chʻih</td> <td>shê</td> <td>shih</td> <td>jê</td> <td>jih</td> <td>tsê</td> <td>tso</td> <td>tzŭ</td> <td>tsʻê</td> <td>tzʻŭ</td> <td>sê</td> <td>ssŭ </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <th scope="row" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a> </th> <td>ㄐㄧㄢ</td> <td>ㄐㄩㄥ</td> <td>ㄑㄧㄣ</td> <td>ㄒㄩㄢ</td> <td>ㄓㄜ</td> <td>ㄓ</td> <td>ㄔㄜ</td> <td>ㄔ</td> <td>ㄕㄜ</td> <td>ㄕ</td> <td>ㄖㄜ</td> <td>ㄖ</td> <td>ㄗㄜ</td> <td>ㄗㄨㄛ</td> <td>ㄗ</td> <td>ㄘㄜ</td> <td>ㄘ</td> <td>ㄙㄜ</td> <td>ㄙ </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-hant"> <th scope="row" lang="en">example </th> <td>件</td> <td>囧</td> <td>秦</td> <td>宣</td> <td>哲</td> <td>之</td> <td>扯</td> <td>赤</td> <td>社</td> <td>是</td> <td>惹</td> <td>日</td> <td>仄</td> <td>左</td> <td>字</td> <td>策</td> <td>次</td> <td>色</td> <td>斯 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption><b>Tones</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ma˥</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ma˧˥</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ma˨˩˦</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ma˥˩</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ma</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> </th> <td>mā</td> <td rowspan="2">má</td> <td rowspan="2">mǎ</td> <td rowspan="2">mà</td> <td>ma </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a> </th> <td>ma</td> <td>må </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a> </th> <td>ma<sup>1</sup></td> <td>ma<sup>2</sup></td> <td>ma<sup>3</sup></td> <td>ma<sup>4</sup></td> <td>ma </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <th scope="row" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a> </th> <td>ㄇㄚ</td> <td>ㄇㄚˊ</td> <td>ㄇㄚˇ</td> <td>ㄇㄚˋ</td> <td>˙ㄇㄚ </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-hant"> <th scope="row" lang="en">example (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a>) </th> <td>媽</td> <td>麻</td> <td>馬</td> <td>罵</td> <td>嗎 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_outside_Standard_Mandarin">Use outside Standard Mandarin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Use outside Standard Mandarin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bopomofo symbols for non-Mandarin <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Chinese varieties</a> are added to Unicode in the <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo_Extended" title="Bopomofo Extended">Bopomofo Extended</a> block. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwanese_Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Taiwanese Hokkien"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols</a></div> <p>In Taiwan, Bopomofo is used to teach <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a>, and is also used to transcribe it phonetically in contexts such as on storefront signs, karaoke lyrics, and film subtitles. </p><p>Three letters no longer used for Mandarin are carried over from the 1913 standard: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bopomofo</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">GR</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄪ</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span></td> <td>v</td> <td>v </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄫ</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span></td> <td>ng</td> <td>ng </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄬ</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span></td> <td>gn</td> <td>gn </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>23 more letters were added specifically for Taiwanese Hokkien: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bopomofo </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2i-u%C3%A2n_L%C3%B4-m%C3%A1-j%C4%AB_Phing-im_Hong-%C3%A0n" title="Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn">TL</a> </th> <th>Derivation </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆠ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td>b </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄅ</span></span> with voicing circle </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆣ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a></span> </td> <td>g </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄍ</span></span> with voicing circle </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆢ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">d͡ʑ</a></span> </td> <td>ji </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄐ</span></span> with voicing circle </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆡ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">d͡z</a></span> </td> <td>j </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄗ</span></span> with voicing circle </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆨ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɨ</span> </td> <td>ir </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨ</span></span> and <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧ</span></span> combined (?) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆦ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span> </td> <td>oo </td> <td>from <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄛ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆤ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td>e </td> <td>from <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄝ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆩ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">ã</a></span> </td> <td>ann </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄚ</span></span> with nasal curl </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆧ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">ɔ̃</a></span> </td> <td>onn </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆦ</span></span> with nasal curl </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆥ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">ẽ</a></span> </td> <td>enn </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆤ</span></span> with nasal curl </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆪ</span></span>/<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆳ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">ĩ</a></span> </td> <td>inn </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧ</span></span> with nasal curl </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆫ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">ũ</a></span> </td> <td>unn </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨ</span></span> with nasal curl </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆮ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ãĩ</span> </td> <td>ainn </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄞ</span></span> with nasal curl </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆯ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ãũ</span> </td> <td>aunn </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄠ</span></span> with nasal curl </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆰ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">am</span> </td> <td>am </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄚ</span></span> and <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄇ</span></span> combined </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆱ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔm</span> </td> <td>om </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆦ</span></span> and <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄇ</span></span> combined </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆲ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔŋ</span> </td> <td>ong </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆬ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m̩</span> </td> <td>m </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄇ</span></span> with syllabic stroke </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆭ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋ̍</span> </td> <td>ng </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄫ</span></span> with syllabic stroke </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆴ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/No_audible_release" title="No audible release">-p̚</a></span> </td> <td>-p </td> <td>small <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄅ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆵ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/No_audible_release" title="No audible release">-t̚</a></span> </td> <td>-t </td> <td>small <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄉ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆻ</span></span>/<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆶ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/No_audible_release" title="No audible release">-k̚</a></span> </td> <td>-k </td> <td>small <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄍ</span></span> (and variant small <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄎ</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆷ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">-<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span></span> </td> <td>-h </td> <td>small <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄏ</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Two tone marks were added for the additional tones: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">˪</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">˫</span></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cantonese">Cantonese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cantonese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Bopomofo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese Bopomofo">Cantonese Bopomofo</a></div> <p>The following letters are used in <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cantonese-bopomofo_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cantonese-bopomofo-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bopomofo</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆼ</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">kʷ</a></span></td> <td>gw </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆽ</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">kʷʰ</a></span></td> <td>kw </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆾ</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a></span></td> <td>eo </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㆿ</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></span></td> <td>a </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>If a syllable ends with a consonant other than <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">-an</i></span> or <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">-aan</i></span>, the consonant's letter is added, then followed by a final middle dot. </p><p><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">-ㄞ</span></span> is used for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aːi]</span> (<span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">aai</i></span>) (e.g. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">敗</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄅㄞ</span></span> <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">baai6</i></span>, "to be defeated"). </p><p><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">-ㄣ</span></span> is used for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɐn]</span> (<span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">an</i></span>) (e.g. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">跟</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄍㄣ</span></span> <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">gan1</i></span>, "to follow"), and <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">-ㄢ</span></span> is used for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aːn]</span> (<span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">aan</i></span>) (e.g. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">間</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄍㄢ</span></span> <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">gaan1</i></span>, "within"). Other vowels that end with <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">-n</i></span> use <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">-ㄋ</span></span>· for the final <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄋ</span></span>. (e.g. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">見</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄍㄧㄋ·</span></span> <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">gin3</i></span>, "to see"). </p><p><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">-ㄡ</span></span> is used for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɐu]</span> (<span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">au</i></span>). (e.g. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">牛</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄫㄡ</span></span>, <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">ngau4</i></span>, "cow") To transcribe <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ou]</span> (<span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">ou</i></span>), it is written as <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄛㄨ</span></span> (e.g. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">路</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄌㄛㄨ</span></span> <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">lou6</i></span>, "path"). </p><p><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄫ</span></span> is used for both initial <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">ng-</i></span> (as in <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">牛</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄫㄡ</span></span>, <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">ngau4</i></span>) and final <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">-ng</i></span> (as in <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">用</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧㄛㄫ·</span></span>, <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">jung<sup>6</sup></i></span> "to use"). </p><p><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄐ</span></span> is used for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t͡s]</span> (<span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">z</i></span>) (e.g. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">煑</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄐㄩ</span></span> <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">zyu2</i></span>, "to cook") and <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄑ</span></span> is used for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t͡sʰ]</span> (<span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">c</i></span>) (e.g. 全, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄑㄩㄋ·</span></span> <span title="Jyutping transliteration"><i lang="yue-Latn">cyun4</i></span>, "whole"). </p><p>During the time when Bopomofo was proposed for Cantonese, tones were not marked. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computer_uses">Computer uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Computer uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Input_method">Input method</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Input method"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bopomofo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bopomofo.jpg/150px-Bopomofo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bopomofo.jpg/225px-Bopomofo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bopomofo.jpg/300px-Bopomofo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>An example of a Bopomofo keypad for Taiwan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg/300px-Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg/450px-Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg/600px-Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>A typical <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">keyboard layout</a> for Bopomofo on computers</figcaption></figure> <p>Bopomofo can be used as an <a href="/wiki/Chinese_input_methods_for_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods for computers">input method for Chinese characters</a>. It is one of the few input methods that can be found on most modern personal computers without having to download or install any additional software. It is also one of the few input methods that can be used for inputting Chinese characters on certain <a href="/wiki/Cell_phone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell phone">cell phones</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. On the <a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a> keyboard, the symbols are ordered column-wise top-down (e.g. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Q</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">A</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Z</kbd>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unicode">Unicode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo_(Unicode_block)" title="Bopomofo (Unicode block)">Bopomofo (Unicode block)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo_Extended" title="Bopomofo Extended">Bopomofo Extended (Unicode block)</a></div> <p>Bopomofo was added to the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in October 1991 with the release of version 1.0. </p><p>The Unicode block for Bopomofo is U+3100–U+312F: </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo_(Unicode_block)" title="Bopomofo (Unicode block)">Bopomofo</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U3100_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U3100_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U3100_grey"><a href="#endnote_U3100_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3100.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+310x </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+3105: BOPOMOFO LETTER B">ㄅ </td> <td title="U+3106: BOPOMOFO LETTER P">ㄆ </td> <td title="U+3107: BOPOMOFO LETTER M">ㄇ </td> <td title="U+3108: BOPOMOFO LETTER F">ㄈ </td> <td title="U+3109: BOPOMOFO LETTER D">ㄉ </td> <td title="U+310A: BOPOMOFO LETTER T">ㄊ </td> <td title="U+310B: BOPOMOFO LETTER N">ㄋ </td> <td title="U+310C: BOPOMOFO LETTER L">ㄌ </td> <td title="U+310D: BOPOMOFO LETTER G">ㄍ </td> <td title="U+310E: BOPOMOFO LETTER K">ㄎ </td> <td title="U+310F: BOPOMOFO LETTER H">ㄏ </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+311x </td> <td title="U+3110: BOPOMOFO LETTER J">ㄐ </td> <td title="U+3111: BOPOMOFO LETTER Q">ㄑ </td> <td title="U+3112: BOPOMOFO LETTER X">ㄒ </td> <td title="U+3113: BOPOMOFO LETTER ZH">ㄓ </td> <td title="U+3114: BOPOMOFO LETTER CH">ㄔ </td> <td title="U+3115: BOPOMOFO LETTER SH">ㄕ </td> <td title="U+3116: BOPOMOFO LETTER R">ㄖ </td> <td title="U+3117: BOPOMOFO LETTER Z">ㄗ </td> <td title="U+3118: BOPOMOFO LETTER C">ㄘ </td> <td title="U+3119: BOPOMOFO LETTER S">ㄙ </td> <td title="U+311A: BOPOMOFO LETTER A">ㄚ </td> <td title="U+311B: BOPOMOFO LETTER O">ㄛ </td> <td title="U+311C: BOPOMOFO LETTER E">ㄜ </td> <td title="U+311D: BOPOMOFO LETTER EH">ㄝ </td> <td title="U+311E: BOPOMOFO LETTER AI">ㄞ </td> <td title="U+311F: BOPOMOFO LETTER EI">ㄟ </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+312x </td> <td title="U+3120: BOPOMOFO LETTER AU">ㄠ </td> <td title="U+3121: BOPOMOFO LETTER OU">ㄡ </td> <td title="U+3122: BOPOMOFO LETTER AN">ㄢ </td> <td title="U+3123: BOPOMOFO LETTER EN">ㄣ </td> <td title="U+3124: BOPOMOFO LETTER ANG">ㄤ </td> <td title="U+3125: BOPOMOFO LETTER ENG">ㄥ </td> <td title="U+3126: BOPOMOFO LETTER ER">ㄦ </td> <td title="U+3127: BOPOMOFO LETTER I">ㄧ </td> <td title="U+3128: BOPOMOFO LETTER U">ㄨ </td> <td title="U+3129: BOPOMOFO LETTER IU">ㄩ </td> <td title="U+312A: BOPOMOFO LETTER V">ㄪ </td> <td title="U+312B: BOPOMOFO LETTER NG">ㄫ </td> <td title="U+312C: BOPOMOFO LETTER GN">ㄬ </td> <td title="U+312D: BOPOMOFO LETTER IH">ㄭ </td> <td title="U+312E: BOPOMOFO LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE">ㄮ </td> <td title="U+312F: BOPOMOFO LETTER NN">ㄯ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U3100_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U3100_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U3100_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U3100_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Additional characters were added in September 1999 with the release of version 3.0. </p><p>The Unicode block for these additional characters, called Bopomofo Extended, is U+31A0–U+31BF: </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo_Extended" title="Bopomofo Extended">Bopomofo Extended</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U31A0_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U31A0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U31A0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+31Ax </td> <td title="U+31A0: BOPOMOFO LETTER BU">ㆠ </td> <td title="U+31A1: BOPOMOFO LETTER ZI">ㆡ </td> <td title="U+31A2: BOPOMOFO LETTER JI">ㆢ </td> <td title="U+31A3: BOPOMOFO LETTER GU">ㆣ </td> <td title="U+31A4: BOPOMOFO LETTER EE">ㆤ </td> <td title="U+31A5: BOPOMOFO LETTER ENN">ㆥ </td> <td title="U+31A6: BOPOMOFO LETTER OO">ㆦ </td> <td title="U+31A7: BOPOMOFO LETTER ONN">ㆧ </td> <td title="U+31A8: BOPOMOFO LETTER IR">ㆨ </td> <td title="U+31A9: BOPOMOFO LETTER ANN">ㆩ </td> <td title="U+31AA: BOPOMOFO LETTER INN">ㆪ </td> <td title="U+31AB: BOPOMOFO LETTER UNN">ㆫ </td> <td title="U+31AC: BOPOMOFO LETTER IM">ㆬ </td> <td title="U+31AD: BOPOMOFO LETTER NGG">ㆭ </td> <td title="U+31AE: BOPOMOFO LETTER AINN">ㆮ </td> <td title="U+31AF: BOPOMOFO LETTER AUNN">ㆯ </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+31Bx </td> <td title="U+31B0: BOPOMOFO LETTER AM">ㆰ </td> <td title="U+31B1: BOPOMOFO LETTER OM">ㆱ </td> <td title="U+31B2: BOPOMOFO LETTER ONG">ㆲ </td> <td title="U+31B3: BOPOMOFO LETTER INNN">ㆳ </td> <td title="U+31B4: BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER P">ㆴ </td> <td title="U+31B5: BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER T">ㆵ </td> <td title="U+31B6: BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER K">ㆶ </td> <td title="U+31B7: BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER H">ㆷ </td> <td title="U+31B8: BOPOMOFO LETTER GH">ㆸ </td> <td title="U+31B9: BOPOMOFO LETTER LH">ㆹ </td> <td title="U+31BA: BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY">ㆺ </td> <td title="U+31BB: BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER G">ㆻ </td> <td title="U+31BC: BOPOMOFO LETTER GW">ㆼ </td> <td title="U+31BD: BOPOMOFO LETTER KW">ㆽ </td> <td title="U+31BE: BOPOMOFO LETTER OE">ㆾ </td> <td title="U+31BF: BOPOMOFO LETTER AH">ㆿ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U31A0_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U31A0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Unicode 3.0 also added the characters <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02EA</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">˪</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK</span> and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02EB</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">˫</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK</span>, in the <a href="/wiki/Spacing_Modifier_Letters" title="Spacing Modifier Letters">Spacing Modifier Letters</a> block. These two characters are now (since Unicode 6.0) classified as Bopomofo characters.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="background:#fff; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"><b>Tonal marks for bopomofo</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Spacing_Modifier_Letters" title="Spacing Modifier Letters">Spacing Modifier Letters</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#F8F8F8"> <td><b>Tone</b></td> <td><b>Tone Marker</b></td> <td><b>Unicode</b></td> <td><b>Note</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 Yin Ping (Level)</td> <td>[ˉ] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span></td> <td>U+02C9</td> <td>Usually omitted </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 Yang Ping (Level)</td> <td>[ˊ] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span></td> <td>U+02CA</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 Shang (Rising)</td> <td>[ˇ] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span></td> <td>U+02C7</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 Qu (Departing)</td> <td>[ˋ] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span></td> <td>U+02CB</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4a Yin Qu (Departing)</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">˪</span></span></td> <td>U+02EA</td> <td>For <a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Minnan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a> languages </td></tr> <tr> <td>4b Yang Qu (Departing)</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">˫</span></span></td> <td>U+02EB</td> <td>For <a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Minnan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a> languages </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 Qing (Neutral)</td> <td>[˙] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span></td> <td>U+02D9</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_input_methods_for_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods for computers">Chinese input methods for computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanqie" title="Fanqie">Fanqie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">Furigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_character" title="Ruby character">Ruby character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuyin_table" title="Zhuyin table">Zhuyin table</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFQiu_Gui_Su2019" class="citation web cs1">Qiu Gui Su (27 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/bopomofo-zhuyin-fuhao-2279518">"Bopomofo Chinese Phonetic System"</a>. <i>ThoughtCo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo.&rft.atitle=Bopomofo+Chinese+Phonetic+System&rft.date=2019-01-27&rft.au=Qiu+Gui+Su&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fbopomofo-zhuyin-fuhao-2279518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chineasy.com/zhuyin-vs-pinyin-exploring-the-unique-chinese-phonetic-system-of-bopomofo/">"Zhuyin vs. Pinyin: Exploring the Unique Chinese Phonetic System of Bopomofo"</a>. <i>Chineasy</i>. 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chineasy&rft.atitle=Zhuyin+vs.+Pinyin%3A+Exploring+the+Unique+Chinese+Phonetic+System+of+Bopomofo&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chineasy.com%2Fzhuyin-vs-pinyin-exploring-the-unique-chinese-phonetic-system-of-bopomofo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bubbleteaisland.com/2022/04/27/bopomofo-the-unique-alphabet/">"Bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) | All You Need to Know"</a>. <i>Bubble Tea Island</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1984. p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/ch18.pdf"><i>The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (14.0 ed.). Mountain View, CA: <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. 2021. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-29-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-29-0"><bdi>978-1-936213-29-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unicode+Standard+%2F+the+Unicode+Consortium&rft.place=Mountain+View%2C+CA&rft.pages=30&rft.edition=14.0&rft.pub=Unicode&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-936213-29-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode14.0.0%2Fch18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>國音學</i> (in Chinese (Taiwan)) (8th ed.). Taiwan: 國立臺灣師範大學. 國音敎材編輯委員會. 2008. pp. <span class="nowrap">27–</span>30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%B8&rft.place=Taiwan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%B8%AB%E7%AF%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.+%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%8E%E6%9D%90%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wenlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenlin">Wenlin</a> dictionary, entry <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">𠫓</span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/0164.gif">KangXi: page 164, character 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002234002/http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/0164.gif">Archived</a> 2 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> kangxizidian.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-u20000-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-u20000_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=20000">"Unihan data for U+20000"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180906111501/http://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=20000">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unihan+data+for+U%2B20000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcgi-bin%2FGetUnihanData.pl%3Fcodepoint%3D20000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wenlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenlin">Wenlin</a> dictionary, entry <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">𠃉</span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-u4E5A-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-u4E5A_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=4E5A">"Unihan data for U+4E5A"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180817112547/http://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=4E5A">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unihan+data+for+U%2B4E5A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcgi-bin%2FGetUnihanData.pl%3Fcodepoint%3D4E5A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wenlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenlin">Wenlin</a> dictionary, entry <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">𠃋</span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Michael Everson</a>, H. W. Ho, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_West_(linguist)" title="Andrew West (linguist)">Andrew West</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/Docs/n3179.pdf">Proposal to encode one Bopomofo character in the UCS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126180543/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3179.pdf">Archived</a> 2021-01-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", SC2 WG2 N3179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14189-bopomofo-letter-l-moe.pdf">"Unicode document L2/14-189"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608024243/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14189-bopomofo-letter-l-moe.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unicode+document+L2%2F14-189&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2014%2F14189-bopomofo-letter-l-moe.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unicode Consortium, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/erratafixed.html">Errata Fixed in Unicode 8.0.0</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101054445/http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/erratafixed.html">Archived</a> 2020-11-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bopomofo2017-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bopomofo2017_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bopomofo2017_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Lifelong_Education,_Ministry_of_Education_教育部終身教育司Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Department of Lifelong Education, Ministry of Education <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">教育部終身教育司</span></span>, ed. (January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://language.moe.gov.tw/001/Upload/files/site_content/M0001/juyin/html_ch/index.html#page02"><bdi lang="zh">國語注音手冊</bdi></a> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Education (Taiwan)">Ministry of Education</a>; Digital version: Wanderer Digital Publishing Inc. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">汪達數位出版股份有限公司</span></span>. pp. 2, 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-051-481-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-051-481-0"><bdi>978-986-051-481-0</bdi></a>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">韻符「ㄭ」，陰平調號「¯」，注音時省略不標{...}陰平以一短橫代表高平之聲調，注音時可省略不標。標注在字音最後一個符號右上角。</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A&rft.pages=2%2C+7&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Education%3B+Digital+version%3A+Wanderer+Digital+Publishing+Inc.+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-TW%22%3E%E6%B1%AA%E9%81%94%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft.date=2017-01&rft.isbn=978-986-051-481-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flanguage.moe.gov.tw%2F001%2FUpload%2Ffiles%2Fsite_content%2FM0001%2Fjuyin%2Fhtml_ch%2Findex.html%23page02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bopomofo2017en-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bopomofo2017en_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bopomofo2017en_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Lifelong_Education,_Ministry_of_Education_教育部終身教育司Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Department of Lifelong Education, Ministry of Education <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">教育部終身教育司</span></span>, ed. (January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://language.moe.gov.tw/001/Upload/files/SITE_CONTENT/M0001/deploy/html_en/index.html"><i>The Manual of the Phonetic Symbols of Mandarin Chinese</i></a> (in English and Chinese (Taiwan)). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Education (Taiwan)">Ministry of Education</a>; Digital version: Wanderer Digital Publishing Inc. <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">汪達數位出版股份有限公司</span></span>. pp. 2, 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-051-869-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-051-869-6"><bdi>978-986-051-869-6</bdi></a>. <q>the rhyme symbol, "ㄭ", and the mark of Yin-ping tone, "¯", could be left out on Bopomofo notes.{...}This high and level tone is noted as a short dash mark and could be left out in Bopomofo note. If it is noted, it should be put on the upper right corner of the last Bopomofo note.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manual+of+the+Phonetic+Symbols+of+Mandarin+Chinese&rft.pages=2%2C+7&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Education%3B+Digital+version%3A+Wanderer+Digital+Publishing+Inc.+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-TW%22%3E%E6%B1%AA%E9%81%94%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft.date=2017-01&rft.isbn=978-986-051-869-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flanguage.moe.gov.tw%2F001%2FUpload%2Ffiles%2FSITE_CONTENT%2FM0001%2Fdeploy%2Fhtml_en%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/100965/1/Huang_Karen_r.pdf">"A study of neutral-tone syllables in Taiwan Mandarin"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127151915/https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/100965/1/Huang_Karen_r.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+study+of+neutral-tone+syllables+in+Taiwan+Mandarin&rft.pages=3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu%2Fbitstream%2F10125%2F100965%2F1%2FHuang_Karen_r.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The middle dot may optionally precede light-tone syllables only in reference books (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">辞书</span></span>), see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pinyin.info/rules/GBT16159-2012.html#sec73">section 7.3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160217032538/http://pinyin.info/rules/GBT16159-2012.html#sec73">Archived</a> 17 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of the PRC national standard GB/T 16159-2012 <i>Basic rules of the Chinese phonetic alphabet orthography</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bopomofo_Extended_Name.svg">"Bopomofo Extended Name"</a>. 12 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220422050232/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bopomofo_Extended_Name.svg">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bopomofo+Extended+Name&rft.date=2011-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ABopomofo_Extended_Name.svg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zhuyin_and_Hanzi_location-num.svg">"Zhuyin and Hanzi location"</a>. 22 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408030047/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zhuyin_and_Hanzi_location-num.svg">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zhuyin+and+Hanzi+location&rft.date=2009-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AZhuyin_and_Hanzi_location-num.svg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bopomofo_on_Taiwanese_street_-_with_English_-_Nov_2016_2.jpg">"Bopomofo on Taiwanese street – with English – Nov 2016 2"</a>. 3 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113035235/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bopomofo_on_Taiwanese_street_-_with_English_-_Nov_2016_2.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bopomofo+on+Taiwanese+street+%E2%80%93+with+English+%E2%80%93+Nov+2016+2&rft.date=2016-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ABopomofo_on_Taiwanese_street_-_with_English_-_Nov_2016_2.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Script/zhuyin.html">"The Zhuyin Alphabet 注音字母 Transcription System (Bo-po-mo-fo) (www.chinaknowledge.de)"</a>. <i>www.chinaknowledge.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004021210/http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Script/zhuyin.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chinaknowledge.de&rft.atitle=The+Zhuyin+Alphabet+%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D+Transcription+System+%28Bo-po-mo-fo%29+%28www.chinaknowledge.de%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaknowledge.de%2FLiterature%2FScript%2Fzhuyin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cantonese-bopomofo-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cantonese-bopomofo_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="cantonese-bopomofo" class="citation web cs1">Yang, Ben; Chan, Eiso. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19177r-cantonese-bopomofo.pdf">"Proposal to encode Cantonese Bopomofo Characters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113042040/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19177r-cantonese-bopomofo.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposal+to+encode+Cantonese+Bopomofo+Characters&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Chan%2C+Eiso&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2019%2F19177r-cantonese-bopomofo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/6.0.0/ucd/Scripts.txt">"Scripts-6.0.0.txt"</a>. Unicode Consortium. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704030629/https://unicode.org/Public/6.0.0/ucd/Scripts.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scripts-6.0.0.txt&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FPublic%2F6.0.0%2Fucd%2FScripts.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bopomofo" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:bopomofo">bopomofo</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://language.moe.gov.tw/001/Upload/files/site_content/M0001/juyin/index.html">The Manual of The Phonetic Symbols of Mandarin Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> reference glyphs for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3100.pdf">"bopomofo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=bopomofo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU3100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(69.6 KB)</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U31A0.pdf">"extended bopomofo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=extended+bopomofo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU31A0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(61.6 KB)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mandarinspot.com/annotate?phs=zhuyin">Bopomofo annotations</a> – adds inline and pop-up annotations with bopomofo pronunciation and English definitions to Chinese text or web pages.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/">Mandarin Dictionary</a> – needs Chinese font for <a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a> encoding</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/pinyin.pl?if=en">Chinese Phonetic Conversion Tool</a> – converts between Pinyin, Bopomofo and other phonetic systems</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mandarintools.com/pyconverter.html">Chinese Romanization Converter</a> – converts between Hanyu Pinyin, Wade–Giles, Gwoyeu Romatzyh and other known or (un-)common Romanization systems</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113230816/http://www.cozywebsite.com/dictionary/zhuyin/">Bopomofo -> Wade-Giles -> Pinyin -> Word List</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wfu.edu/~moran/Cathay_Cafe/IPA_NPA_4.htm">NPA->IPA</a> National Phonetic Alphabet (bopomofo) spellings of words transliterated into the International Phonetic Alphabet. The vowel values have been verified against the official IPA site. See IPA help preview, SIL International website. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040603040407/http://www.sil.org/computing/speechtools/softdev2/IPAhelp2/ipavowel2.htm">IPA help preview, SIL International website.</a> (Accessed 23 December 2010).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050121080656/http://www.inxsoft.net/mandarin-resource/converter.php">Bopomofo to Pinyin converter and reverse</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinyin.info/romanization/bopomofo/basic.html">bopomofo syllable chart, with Hanyu Pinyin equivalents</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326144612/http://annotator.jiang-long.com/">Pinyin Annotator</a> – adds bopomofo (bopomofo) or pinyin on top of any Chinese text, prompts alternative pronunciations to homonyms, has the option of exporting into <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org_Writer" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenOffice.org Writer">OpenOffice Writer</a> for further editing</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stroke-order.learningweb.moe.edu.tw/bopomofo.do"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">《請利用螢幕上的小鍵盤輸入注音符號》</span></span></a> – online keyboard for bopomofo which can turn it into Chinese characters</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i2bopomo.com">Online Bopomofo Input Method Editor <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">免费在线中文输入法，使用注音</span></span></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Guanzhong_dialect" title="Guanzhong dialect">Guanzhong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi'an dialect">Xi'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang_dialect" title="Luoyang dialect">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou_dialect" title="Xuzhou dialect">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Mandarin" title="Xinjiang Mandarin">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialects" title="Sichuanese dialects">Sichuanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu-Chongqing_dialect" title="Chengdu-Chongqing dialect">Chengdu–Chongqing</a></li> <li>(?) <a href="/wiki/Minjiang_dialect" title="Minjiang dialect">Minjiang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leshan_dialect" title="Leshan dialect">Leshan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renshou%E2%80%93Fushun_Mandarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renshou–Fushun Mandarin (page does not exist)">Renshou–Fushun</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%B4%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:江贡小片">zh</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zigong_dialect" title="Zigong dialect">Zigong</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming_dialect" title="Kunming dialect">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping_dialect" title="Nanping dialect">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_dialect" title="Wuhan dialect">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gui%E2%80%93Liu" class="mw-redirect" title="Gui–Liu">Gui–Liu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuming_Mandarin" title="Wuming Mandarin">Wuming</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Yangtze_Mandarin" title="Lower Yangtze Mandarin">Jianghuai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_dialect" title="Nanjing dialect">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Nantong dialect">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping_dialect" title="Nanping dialect">Nanping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lanyin_Mandarin" title="Lanyin Mandarin">Lanyin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanzhou_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanzhou dialect (page does not exist)">Lanzhou dialect</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" class="extiw" title="zh:兰州话">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ürümqi dialect (page does not exist)">Ürümqi dialect</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8%E9%BD%90%E8%AF%9D" class="extiw" title="zh:乌鲁木齐话">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Mandarin" title="Xinjiang Mandarin">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junjiahua" title="Junjiahua">Junjiahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinjiang_Mandarin" title="Qinjiang Mandarin">Qinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyami language">Gyami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg/205px-Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="205" height="460" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg/308px-Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg/410px-Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="920" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou%E2%80%93Hohhot_dialect" title="Zhangjiakou–Hohhot dialect">Zhangjiakou–Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhi-Yan_dialect" title="Zhi-Yan dialect">Zhi–Yan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taihu_Wu" title="Taihu Wu">Taihu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" title="Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi_dialect" title="Wuxi dialect">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou_dialect" title="Changzhou dialect">Changzhou</a></li> <li>(?) <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_dialect" title="Hangzhou dialect">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_dialect" title="Shaoxing dialect">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo_dialect" title="Ningbo dialect">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinxiang_dialect" title="Jinxiang dialect">Jinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin_dialect" title="Jiangyin dialect">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadi_dialect" title="Shadi dialect">Shadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taizhou_Wu" title="Taizhou Wu">Taizhou Wu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou_dialect" title="Taizhou dialect">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai_dialect" title="Tiantai dialect">Tiantai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Oujiang</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhounese" title="Wenzhounese">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an_dialect" title="Rui'an dialect">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wencheng_dialect" title="Wencheng dialect">Wencheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou_Wu" title="Wuzhou Wu">Wuzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua_dialect" title="Jinhua dialect">Jinhua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chu%E2%80%93Qu_Wu" title="Chu–Qu Wu">Chu–Qu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou_dialect" title="Quzhou dialect">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan_dialect" title="Jiangshan dialect">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtian_dialect" title="Qingtian dialect">Qingtian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xuanzhou_Wu_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuanzhou Wu dialects">Xuanzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuancheng dialect">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huizhou_Chinese" title="Huizhou Chinese">Huizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ji-She&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ji-She (page does not exist)">Ji-She</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%A9%E6%AD%99%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:绩歙片">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiu-Yi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiu-Yi (page does not exist)">Xiu-Yi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E9%BB%9F%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:休黟片">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi-De&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qi-De (page does not exist)">Qi-De</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%81%E5%A9%BA%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:祁婺片">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yanzhou_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yanzhou dialect (page does not exist)">Yanzhou</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%8C%E5%8D%A0%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:旌占片">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jing-Zhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jing-Zhan (page does not exist)">Jing-Zhan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A5%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:严州片">zh</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gan_Chinese" title="Gan Chinese">Gan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%E2%80%93Du_Gan" title="Chang–Du Gan">Chang–Du</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanchang dialect">Nanchang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi%E2%80%93Liu_Gan" title="Yi–Liu Gan">Yi–Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying%E2%80%93Yi_Gan" title="Ying–Yi Gan">Ying–Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%E2%80%93Tong_Gan" title="Da–Tong Gan">Da–Tong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Xiang" title="New Xiang">Changyi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha_dialect" title="Changsha dialect">Changsha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Xiang" title="Old Xiang">Loushao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuangfeng_dialect" title="Shuangfeng dialect">Shuangfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang_dialect" title="Xiangxiang dialect">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang_dialect" title="Wugang dialect">Wugang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%E2%80%93Xu_Xiang" title="Ji–Xu Xiang">Ji–Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%E2%80%93Quan_Xiang" title="Yong–Quan Xiang">Yong–Quan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qiyang_dialect" title="Qiyang dialect">Qiyang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houguan_Min&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Houguan Min (page does not exist)">Houguan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E5%AE%98%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:侯官片">zh</a>]</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing_dialect" title="Fuqing dialect">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle dialect">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutian_dialect" title="Gutian dialect">Gutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsu_dialect" title="Matsu dialect">Matsu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fu%E2%80%93Ning_Min&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fu–Ning Min (page does not exist)">Fu–Ning</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%AE%81%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:福宁片">zh</a>]</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ningde_dialect" title="Ningde dialect">Ningde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an_dialect" title="Fu'an dialect">Fu'an</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manjiang_dialect" title="Manjiang dialect">Manjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Min" title="Zhongshan Min">Zhongshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longdu_dialect" title="Longdu dialect">Longdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanlang_dialect" title="Nanlang dialect">Nanlang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pu%E2%80%93Xian_Min" title="Pu–Xian Min">Pu–Xian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Putian_dialect" title="Putian dialect">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyou_dialect" title="Xianyou dialect">Xianyou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Quanzhou dialect">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangzhou dialect">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoy_dialect" title="Amoy dialect">Amoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawan_dialect" title="Chawan dialect">Chawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Hokkien" title="Penang Hokkien">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medan_Hokkien" title="Medan Hokkien">Medan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Hokkien" title="Singaporean Hokkien">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Peninsular_Malaysian_Hokkien" title="Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien">Southern Malaysia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Teochew_Min" title="Teochew Min">Teochew</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swatow_dialect" title="Swatow dialect">Swatow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haklau_Min" title="Haklau Min">Haklau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak_Teochew" title="Pontianak Teochew">Pontianak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Min" title="Zhongshan Min">Zhongshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanxiang_dialect" title="Sanxiang dialect">Sanxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhenan_Min" title="Zhenan Min">Zhenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Longyan Min">Longyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Min" title="Leizhou Min">Leizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang_dialect" title="Zhanjiang dialect">Zhanjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang_dialect" title="Wenchang dialect">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou_dialect" title="Haikou dialect">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banqiao_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banqiao dialect (page does not exist)">Banqiao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Inland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Min" title="Northern Min">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou_dialect" title="Jian'ou dialect">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang_dialect" title="Jianyang dialect">Jianyang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Min" title="Central Min">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao%E2%80%93Jiang_Min" title="Shao–Jiang Min">Shao–Jiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huiyang_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huiyang dialect (page does not exist)">Huiyang</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E9%98%B3%E8%AF%9D" class="extiw" title="zh:惠阳话">zh</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changting_dialect" title="Changting dialect">Changting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meixian_dialect" title="Meixian dialect">Meixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak_Hakka" title="Pontianak Hakka">Pontianak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singkawang_Hakka" title="Singkawang Hakka">Singkawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hakka" title="Taiwanese Hakka">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixian_dialect" title="Sixian dialect">Sixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailu_dialect" title="Hailu dialect">Hailu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoping_Hakka" title="Raoping Hakka">Raoping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingzhou_dialect" title="Tingzhou dialect">Tingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhua_dialect" title="Wuhua dialect">Wuhua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yuehai_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuehai dialects">Yuehai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Cantonese" title="Hong Kong Cantonese">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Cantonese" title="Malaysian Cantonese">Malaysia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiguan_dialect" title="Xiguan dialect">Xiguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang_dialect" title="Jiujiang dialect">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiqi_dialect" title="Shiqi dialect">Shiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weitou_dialect" title="Weitou dialect">Weitou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapeng_dialect" title="Dapeng dialect">Dapeng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Siyi_Yue" title="Siyi Yue">Siyi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taishanese" title="Taishanese">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinhui_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinhui dialect (page does not exist)">Xinhui</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%BC%9A%E8%AF%9D" class="extiw" title="zh:新会话">zh</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao%E2%80%93Yang_Yue" title="Gao–Yang Yue">Gao–Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulou_Yue" title="Goulou Yue">Goulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%E2%80%93Hua_Yue" title="Wu–Hua Yue">Wu–Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%E2%80%93Xun_Yue" title="Yong–Xun Yue">Yong–Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo%E2%80%93Guang_Yue" title="Luo–Guang Yue">Luo–Guang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin%E2%80%93Lian_Yue" title="Qin–Lian Yue">Qin–Lian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinghua" title="Pinghua">Pinghua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinghua#Dialects" title="Pinghua">Northern Pinghua</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tongdao_Pinghua" title="Tongdao Pinghua">Tongdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younian_dialect" title="Younian dialect">Younian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghua#Dialects" title="Pinghua">Southern Pinghua</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yongjiang_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yongjiang dialect (page does not exist)">Yongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guandao_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guandao dialect (page does not exist)">Guandao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rongjiang_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rongjiang dialect (page does not exist)">Rongjiang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaozhou_Tuhua" title="Shaozhou Tuhua">Shaozhou Tuhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangnan_Tuhua" title="Xiangnan Tuhua">Xiangnan Tuhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou_dialect" title="Danzhou dialect">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badong_Yao_language" title="Badong Yao language">Badong Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_Chinese" title="She Chinese">Shehua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang_Chinese" title="Waxiang Chinese">Waxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeheni_language" title="Yeheni language">Yeheni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou_dialect" title="Huizhou dialect">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mai_Chinese" title="Mai Chinese">Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuanqing_people#Language" title="Chuanqing people">Laobeizi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">(?) <a href="/wiki/Macro-Bai_languages" title="Macro-Bai languages">Macro-Bai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai%E2%80%93Long_languages" title="Cai–Long languages">Cai-Long</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div id="Standard_forms_of_Chinese163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_national_standards_of_Chinese" title="Comparison of national standards of Chinese">Standard forms of Chinese</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_Standard_Chinese" title="Sichuanese Standard Chinese">Sichuanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Mandarin">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Mandarin" title="Malaysian Mandarin">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Mandarin" title="Singaporean Mandarin">Singaporean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Singaporean_Mandarin" title="Standard Singaporean Mandarin">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singdarin" title="Singdarin">Singdarin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%">Other varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div id="History,_phonology,_and_grammar163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History, phonology, and grammar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_language" title="History of the Chinese language">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_Chinese" title="Eastern Han Chinese">Eastern Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Mandarin" title="Old Mandarin">Old Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(late_imperial_lingua_franca)" title="Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)">Middle Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Min" title="Proto-Min">Proto-Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Hakka" title="Proto-Hakka">Proto-Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gan_Chinese" title="History of Gan Chinese">Gan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%">Phonology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Chinese_phonology" title="Historical Chinese phonology">Historical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese_phonology" title="Old Chinese phonology">Old</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_National_Pronunciation" title="Old National Pronunciation">Old National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_phonology" title="Cantonese phonology">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_phonology" title="Hokkien phonology">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Wu_phonology" title="Northern Wu phonology">Northern Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology" title="Standard Chinese phonology">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">Literary and colloquial readings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_grammar" title="Chinese grammar">Grammar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_numerals" title="Chinese numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_classifier" title="Chinese classifier">Classifiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_honorifics" title="Chinese honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_grammar" title="Cantonese grammar">Cantonese grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese_grammar" title="Classical Chinese grammar">Classical grammar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%">Idioms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chengyu" title="Chengyu">Chengyu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiehouyu" title="Xiehouyu">Xiehouyu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div id="Written_Chinese_and_input_methods163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Written Chinese and input methods</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%">Literary forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Official8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_Chinese_literary_culture" title="Adoption of Chinese literary culture">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanbun" title="Kanbun">in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_Chinese_in_Vietnam" title="Literary Chinese in Vietnam">in Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Written_vernacular_Chinese" title="Written vernacular Chinese">Vernacular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Written_Cantonese" title="Written Cantonese">Written Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_alphabets" title="Dungan alphabets">Written Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Written_Hokkien" title="Written Hokkien">Written Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_characters" title="Sichuanese characters">Written Sichuanese</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Written_Chinese" title="Written Chinese">Scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Logographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Logographic">Logographic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Script_styles17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Script_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Script styles">Script styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_script" title="Clerical script">Clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-cursive_script" title="Semi-cursive script">Semi-cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_script_(East_Asia)" title="Cursive script (East Asia)">Cursive</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional characters">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Punctuation</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Phonetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">Romanization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFEO_Chinese_transcription" title="EFEO Chinese transcription">EFEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lessing-Othmer" title="Lessing-Othmer">Lessing-Othmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Chinese" title="Cyrillization of Chinese">Cyrillization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language#Writing_system" title="Dungan language">Dungan Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Bopomofo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese Bopomofo">Cantonese Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_kana" title="Taiwanese kana">Taiwanese kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hangul" title="Taiwanese Hangul">Taiwanese Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_input_methods_for_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods for computers">Input methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Logographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biaoxingma_method" title="Biaoxingma method">Biaoxingma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boshiamy_method&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boshiamy method (page does not exist)">Boshiamy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%98%B8%E8%9D%A6%E7%B1%B3%E8%BC%B8%E5%85%A5%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="zh:嘸蝦米輸入法">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangjie_input_method" title="Cangjie input method">Cangjie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Cangjie" title="Simplified Cangjie">Simplified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKC_Chinese_Input_System" title="CKC Chinese Input System">CKC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayi_method" title="Dayi method">Dayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroke_count_method" title="Stroke count method">Stroke count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubi_method" title="Wubi method">Wubi (Wang Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengma_method" title="Zhengma method">ZhengMa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q9_input_method" title="Q9 input method">Q9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pinyin_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin method">Pinyin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pinyin" title="Google Pinyin">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Pinyin_IME" title="Microsoft Pinyin IME">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogou_Pinyin" title="Sogou Pinyin">Sogou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_varieties_of_Chinese" title="List of varieties of Chinese">List of varieties of Chinese</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Anishinaabewibii'iganan" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Anishinaabewibii'iganan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" 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