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Jinmeiyō kanji - Wikipedia

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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_1,_1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>March 1, 1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_1,_1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_3,_1997" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_3,_1997"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>December 3, 1997</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_3,_1997-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_23,_2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_23,_2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>February 23, 2004</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_23,_2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_7,_2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_7,_2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>June 7, 2004</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_7,_2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_11,_2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_11,_2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>June 11, 2004</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_11,_2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_12,_2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_12,_2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>July 12, 2004</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_12,_2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_23,_2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_23,_2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>July 23, 2004</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_23,_2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_27,_2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_27,_2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>September 27, 2004</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_27,_2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_30,_2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_30,_2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>April 30, 2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_30,_2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_30,_2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_30,_2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>November 30, 2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_30,_2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-January_7,_2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_7,_2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>January 7, 2015</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_7,_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_25,_2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_25,_2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>September 25, 2017</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_25,_2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_jinmeiyō_kanji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_jinmeiyō_kanji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of <span><i>jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_jinmeiyō_kanji-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of <span><i>jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_jinmeiyō_kanji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jinmeiyō_kanji_not_part_of_the_jōyō_kanji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jinmeiyō_kanji_not_part_of_the_jōyō_kanji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><span><i>Jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji not part of the <span><i>jōyō</i></span> kanji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jinmeiyō_kanji_not_part_of_the_jōyō_kanji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_variants_of_jōyō_kanji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_variants_of_jōyō_kanji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Traditional variants of <span><i>jōyō</i></span> kanji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_variants_of_jōyō_kanji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actual_usage_in_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actual_usage_in_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Actual usage in names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actual_usage_in_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كانجي الأسماء الشخصية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كانجي الأسماء الشخصية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jinmeiyō kanji" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D-Kanji" title="Jinmeiyō-Kanji – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jinmeiyō-Kanji" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jinmeiyō kanji" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jinmeiyō kanji" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jinmeiyō kanji" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jinmeiyō kanji" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jinmeiyō kanji" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jinmeiyō kanji" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8Dkanji" title="Jinmeiyōkanji – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jinmeiyōkanji" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="人名用漢字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="人名用漢字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jinmeiyō kanji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jinmeiyō kanji" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%91-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Дзиммэйё-кандзи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дзиммэйё-кандзи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jinmeiyō kanji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="sidebar-top-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9B%B8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese writing"><img alt="Japanese writing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/75px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/113px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/150px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese writing</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading jawriting-header"> Components</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stroke_order" title="Stroke order">Stroke order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_Japanese_kanji_radicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of Japanese kanji radicals">Radicals</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jōyō kanji">Jōyō kanji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_j%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="List of jōyō kanji">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Diku_kanji" title="Kyōiku kanji">Kyōiku kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Tōyō kanji">Tōyō kanji</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jinmeiyō kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgai_kanji" title="Hyōgai kanji">Hyōgai kanji</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man&#39;yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">Gojūon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_typographic_symbols" title="List of Japanese typographic symbols">Typographic symbols</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iteration_mark#Japanese" title="Iteration mark">Iteration mark</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading jawriting-header"> Uses</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Syllabograms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">Furigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okurigana" title="Okurigana">Okurigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Braille</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading jawriting-header"> Transliteration</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Rōmaji</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">Kunrei-shiki</a>&#160;/&#32;ISO 3602 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nihon-shiki_romanization" title="Nihon-shiki romanization">Nihon-shiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSL_romanization" title="JSL romanization">JSL</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81puro_r%C5%8Dmaji" title="Wāpuro rōmaji">Wāpuro</a> (keyboard input)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Japanese" title="Cyrillization of Japanese">Cyrillization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polivanov_system" title="Polivanov system">Polivanov system</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_writing" title="Template:Japanese writing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_writing" title="Template talk:Japanese writing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_writing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese writing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b><i>jinmeiyō</i> kanji</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">人名用漢字</span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Japanese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ja-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">&#91;dʑimmeːjoːkaꜜɲdʑi&#93;</a></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#8201;</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">kanji for use in personal names</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)</span> are a set of 863 <a href="/wiki/Chinese_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese character">Chinese characters</a> known as "<b>name kanji</b>" in <a href="/wiki/English_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="English Language">English</a>. They are a supplementary list of <a href="/wiki/Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">characters</a> that can legally be used in registered personal names in Japan, despite not being in the official list of "commonly used characters" (<a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jōyō kanji"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji</a>). "<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji" is sometimes used to refer to the characters in both the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> and <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> lists because some Japanese names do not require the specified <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji and are written entirely in <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji. Hence, <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji can also be viewed as a subset of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Ministerial_decree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministerial decree">ministerial decree</a> of 1946 limited the number of officially sanctioned <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> for public use to the 1,850 <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Tōyō kanji"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tōyō</i></span> kanji</a>. Only kanji on this list were acceptable as registered names, despite the fact that the list excluded many kanji frequently used in names up to that point. However, on May 25, 1951, the cabinet extended the set of characters usable in names by specifying the first 90 <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji. </p><p>Over the years, the Minister of Justice has increased the number of name kanji, and has a plan for further addition in response to requests from parents. As of April 30, 2009, there were 985 <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji, but this number was reduced to 861 in late 2010 when 129 <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> characters were transferred to the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji list, and 5 characters were transferred from the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji list to <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> characters. In 2015 and 2017, 2 kanji in total were added to the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> list, making the total number 863. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, name kanji are taught at the junior-high level.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is a list of changes made to the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji list since its creation in 1951. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_25,_1951"><span id="May_25.2C_1951"></span>May 25, 1951</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: May 25, 1951"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first 92 characters of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji were published: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">丑&#x2060; 丞&#x2060; 乃&#x2060; 之&#x2060; 也&#x2060; 亘&#x2060; 亥&#x2060; 亦&#x2060; 亨&#x2060; 亮&#x2060; 伊&#x2060; 匡&#x2060; 卯&#x2060; 只&#x2060; 吾&#x2060; 哉&#x2060; 嘉&#x2060; 圭&#x2060; 宏&#x2060; 寅&#x2060; 巌&#x2060; 巳&#x2060; 庄&#x2060; 弘&#x2060; 彦&#x2060; 悌&#x2060; 敦&#x2060; 昌&#x2060; 晃&#x2060; 晋&#x2060; 智&#x2060; 暢&#x2060; 朋&#x2060; 桂&#x2060; 桐&#x2060; 楠&#x2060; 橘&#x2060; 欣&#x2060; 欽&#x2060; 毅&#x2060; 浩&#x2060; 淳&#x2060; 爾&#x2060; 猪&#x2060; 玲&#x2060; 琢&#x2060; 瑞&#x2060; 磯&#x2060; 祐&#x2060; 禄&#x2060; 禎&#x2060; 稔&#x2060; 穣&#x2060; 綾&#x2060; 惣&#x2060; 聡&#x2060; 肇&#x2060; 胤&#x2060; 蔦&#x2060; 蘭&#x2060; 蝶&#x2060; 輔&#x2060; 辰&#x2060; 郁&#x2060; 酉&#x2060; 靖&#x2060; 馨&#x2060; 鯉&#x2060; 鯛&#x2060; 麿&#x2060;</span></span></dd></dl> <p>This would include seven kanji which would become part of the original <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jōyō kanji"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji</a> in 1981: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">仙&#x2060; 尚&#x2060; 杉&#x2060; 甚&#x2060; 磨&#x2060; 斉&#x2060; 龍&#x2060;</span></span></dd></dl> <p>With the last one <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">龍</span></span> (dragon, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai" title="Kyūjitai">traditional</a> version) also being simplified to <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">竜</span></span> (dragon, <a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">simplified</a> version). </p><p>This would also include fifteen kanji which would be transferred to the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji in 2010: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">呂⁠&#x2060; 奈⁠&#x2060; 弥⁠&#x2060; 熊⁠&#x2060; 睦&#x2060; 艶⁠&#x2060; 藤⁠&#x2060; 虎⁠&#x2060; 錦⁠&#x2060; 鎌⁠&#x2060; 須⁠&#x2060; 駒⁠&#x2060; 鶴⁠&#x2060; 鹿⁠&#x2060; 亀&#x2060;</span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_30,_1976"><span id="July_30.2C_1976"></span>July 30, 1976</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: July 30, 1976"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>28 <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> were added, for a total of 120 characters. </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">佑&#x2060; 允&#x2060; 冴&#x2060; 喬&#x2060; 怜&#x2060; 旭&#x2060; 杏&#x2060; 梓&#x2060; 梢&#x2060; 梨&#x2060; 沙&#x2060; 渚&#x2060; 瑠&#x2060; 瞳&#x2060; 紗&#x2060; 紘&#x2060; 絢&#x2060; 翠&#x2060; 耶&#x2060; 芙&#x2060; 茜&#x2060; 藍&#x2060; 那&#x2060; 阿&#x2060; 隼&#x2060; 鮎&#x2060; 葵</span></span></dd></dl> <p>One would become part of the original <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji in 1981: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">悠</span></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_1,_1981"><span id="October_1.2C_1981"></span>October 1, 1981</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: October 1, 1981"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji list was introduced, which included seven of the original 92 <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji from 1951 (mentioned above), plus one of the 28 new <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji from 1976 (also mentioned above); those eight were thus removed from the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji list. 54 other characters were added for a total of 166 name characters. </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">伍&#x2060; 伶&#x2060; 侑&#x2060; 尭&#x2060; 孟&#x2060; 峻&#x2060; 嵩&#x2060; 嶺&#x2060; 巴&#x2060; 彬&#x2060; 惇&#x2060; 惟&#x2060; 慧&#x2060; 斐&#x2060; 旦&#x2060; 昂&#x2060; 李&#x2060; 栗&#x2060; 楓&#x2060; 槙&#x2060; 汐&#x2060; 洵&#x2060; 洸&#x2060; 渥&#x2060; 瑛&#x2060; 瑶&#x2060; 璃&#x2060; 甫&#x2060; 皓&#x2060; 眸&#x2060; 矩&#x2060; 碧&#x2060; 笹&#x2060; 緋&#x2060; 翔&#x2060; 脩&#x2060; 苑&#x2060; 茉&#x2060; 莉&#x2060; 萌&#x2060; 萩&#x2060; 蓉&#x2060; 蕗&#x2060; 虹&#x2060; 諒&#x2060; 赳&#x2060; 迪&#x2060; 遥&#x2060; 遼&#x2060; 霞&#x2060; 頌&#x2060; 駿&#x2060; 鳩&#x2060; 鷹</span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_1,_1990"><span id="March_1.2C_1990"></span>March 1, 1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: March 1, 1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>118 kanji were added for a total of 284 characters. </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">伎&#x2060; 伽&#x2060; 侃&#x2060; 倖&#x2060; 倭&#x2060; 偲&#x2060; 冶&#x2060; 凌&#x2060; 凜&#x2060; 凪&#x2060; 捺&#x2060; 於&#x2060; 旺&#x2060; 昴&#x2060; 晏&#x2060; 晟&#x2060; 晨&#x2060; 暉&#x2060; 曙&#x2060; 朔&#x2060; 凱&#x2060; 勁&#x2060; 叡&#x2060; 叶&#x2060; 唄&#x2060; 啄&#x2060; 奎&#x2060; 媛&#x2060; 嬉&#x2060; 宥&#x2060; 崚&#x2060; 嵐&#x2060; 嵯&#x2060; 巽&#x2060; 彗&#x2060; 彪&#x2060; 恕&#x2060; 憧&#x2060; 拳&#x2060; 捷&#x2060; 杜&#x2060; 柊&#x2060; 柚&#x2060; 柾&#x2060; 栞&#x2060; 梧&#x2060; 椋&#x2060; 椎&#x2060; 椰&#x2060; 椿&#x2060; 楊&#x2060; 榛&#x2060; 槻&#x2060; 樺&#x2060; 檀&#x2060; 毬&#x2060; 汀&#x2060; 汰&#x2060; 洲&#x2060; 湧&#x2060; 滉&#x2060; 漱&#x2060; 澪&#x2060; 熙&#x2060; 燎&#x2060; 燦&#x2060; 燿&#x2060; 爽&#x2060; 玖&#x2060; 琳&#x2060; 瑚&#x2060; 瑳&#x2060; 皐&#x2060; 眉&#x2060; 瞭&#x2060; 碩&#x2060; 秦&#x2060; 稀&#x2060; 稜&#x2060; 竣&#x2060; 笙&#x2060; 紬&#x2060; 絃&#x2060; 綜&#x2060; 綸&#x2060; 綺&#x2060; 耀&#x2060; 胡&#x2060; 舜&#x2060; 芹&#x2060; 茄&#x2060; 茅&#x2060; 莞&#x2060; 菖&#x2060; 菫&#x2060; 蒔&#x2060; 蒼&#x2060; 蓮&#x2060; 蕉&#x2060; 衿&#x2060; 袈&#x2060; 裟&#x2060; 詢&#x2060; 誼&#x2060; 諄&#x2060; 邑&#x2060; 醇&#x2060; 采&#x2060; 雛&#x2060; 鞠&#x2060; 颯&#x2060; 魁&#x2060; 鳳&#x2060; 鴻&#x2060; 鵬&#x2060; 麟&#x2060; 黎&#x2060; 黛</span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_3,_1997"><span id="December_3.2C_1997"></span>December 3, 1997</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: December 3, 1997"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1 kanji was added, for a total of 285 characters. </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">琉</span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_23,_2004"><span id="February_23.2C_2004"></span>February 23, 2004</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: February 23, 2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1 kanji was added, for a total of 286 characters. </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">曽</span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_7,_2004"><span id="June_7.2C_2004"></span>June 7, 2004</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: June 7, 2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1 kanji was added, for a total of 287 characters. </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">獅</span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_11,_2004"><span id="June_11.2C_2004"></span>June 11, 2004</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: June 11, 2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No addition to the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji was made on this date. However, a plan for 578 additions was put forward to the council on <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji of the legislative council of the Ministry of Justice. The list included certain characters in strong demand by parents for use in their children's names, such as: </p> <ul><li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">苺</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ichigo</i></span>, "strawberry")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">遙</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">haruka</i></span>, "distant", <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai" title="Kyūjitai">traditional variant</a>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">煌</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">akira</i></span>, "scintillating")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">牙</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kiba</i></span>, "fang")</li></ul> <p>Many others were included not for their potential uses in names (as is noted), but rather because of their frequent use and being easy to read and write. Examples include: </p> <ul><li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">糞</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kuso</i></span>, "excrement")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">呪</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">noroi</i></span>, "curse")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">屍</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">shikabane</i></span>, "corpse")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">癌</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">gan</i></span>, "cancer")</li></ul> <p>At this same council, the decision was made to call for suggestions on characters to be included or excluded via the Ministry of Justice website, until July 9, 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_12,_2004"><span id="July_12.2C_2004"></span>July 12, 2004</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: July 12, 2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>3 kanji were added, for a total of 290 characters. </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">毘&#x2060; 瀧&#x2060; 駕</span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_23,_2004"><span id="July_23.2C_2004"></span>July 23, 2004</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: July 23, 2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No additions were made. After sharp protests, the council decided to withdraw nine characters from the 489 whose inclusion had been discussed. These nine characters were: </p> <ul><li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">糞</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kuso</i></span>, "excrement")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">呪</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">noroi</i></span>, "curse")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">屍</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">shikabane</i></span>, "corpse")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">癌</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">gan</i></span>, "cancer")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">姦</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kan</i></span>, "rape, seduction")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">淫</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">midara</i></span>, "obscene")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">怨</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">urami</i></span>, "resentment")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">痔</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ji</i></span>, "hemorrhoids")</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">妾</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">mekake</i></span>, "concubine")</li></ul> <p>The 480 other characters still remained under consideration for inclusion, with one additional character added to them, namely <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">掬</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kiku</i></span>, "to draw up water with one's hands"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_27,_2004"><span id="September_27.2C_2004"></span>September 27, 2004</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: September 27, 2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>484 characters<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (March 2022)">which?</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> and variant forms of 209 <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji were added, bringing the total number of the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji to 983. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_30,_2009"><span id="April_30.2C_2009"></span>April 30, 2009</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: April 30, 2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2 more characters were added for a total number of 985 characters. </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">祷&#x2060; 穹</span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_30,_2010"><span id="November_30.2C_2010"></span>November 30, 2010</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: November 30, 2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 2010, the Japanese government added 196 characters to the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji list. The list now includes 129 characters previously classified as <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji, 11 of which are currently used in Japanese prefectures or nearby countries:<sup id="cite_ref-asahi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asahi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jtimes2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jtimes2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">茨</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ibara</i></span> in <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">茨城県</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Ibaraki_Prefecture" title="Ibaraki Prefecture">Ibaraki Prefecture</a>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">媛</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">hime</i></span> in <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">愛媛県</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Ehime_Prefecture" title="Ehime Prefecture">Ehime Prefecture</a>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">岡</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">oka</i></span> in <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">静岡県</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture" title="Shizuoka Prefecture">Shizuoka Prefecture</a>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">韓</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kan</i></span> in <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">韓国</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">熊</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kuma</i></span> in <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">熊本県</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Kumamoto_Prefecture" title="Kumamoto Prefecture">Kumamoto Prefecture</a>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">埼</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sai</i></span> or <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">saki</i></span>) in <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">埼玉県</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Saitama_Prefecture" title="Saitama Prefecture">Saitama Prefecture</a>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">栃</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tochi</i></span> in <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">栃木県</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Tochigi_Prefecture" title="Tochigi Prefecture">Tochigi Prefecture</a>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奈</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">na</i></span> in <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奈良県</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">梨</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">nashi</i></span> in <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">山梨県</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Yamanashi_Prefecture" title="Yamanashi Prefecture">Yamanashi Prefecture</a>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">阪</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">saka</i></span> in <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大阪</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">阜</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">fu</i></span> in <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">岐阜県</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Gifu_Prefecture" title="Gifu Prefecture">Gifu Prefecture</a>)</li></ul> <p>At the same time, 5 characters deleted from the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji list were added to the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji list, making the total number of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji 861: </p> <ul><li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">勺</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">shaku</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">しゃく</span></span>), an old unit of measure approx. 18ml in volume, or 0.033m<sup>2</sup> in area)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">錘</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sui</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">すい</span></span>) or <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tsumu</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">つむ</span></span>), a spindle or weight)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">銑</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sen</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">せん</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Pig_iron" title="Pig iron">pig iron</a>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">脹</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">chō</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ちょう</span></span>) or <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">fuku[reru]</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ふく[れる]</span></span>), to swell or bulge; mostly used in the compound <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">膨脹</span></span>, normally rewritten with <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">張</span></span> instead)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">匁</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">monme</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">もんめ</span></span>), a unit of weight approx 3.75g)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_7,_2015"><span id="January_7.2C_2015"></span>January 7, 2015</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: January 7, 2015"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1 kanji was added, for a total of 862 characters. </p> <ul><li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">巫</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kannagi</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">かんなぎ</span></span>), spiritual medium, oracle, shaman, shrine maiden)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_25,_2017"><span id="September_25.2C_2017"></span>September 25, 2017</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: September 25, 2017"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1 kanji was added, for a total of 863 characters.<sup id="cite_ref-nikkei_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikkei-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">渾</span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_jinmeiyō_kanji"><span id="List_of_jinmeiy.C5.8D_kanji"></span>List of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: List of jinmeiyō kanji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The list is split into two parts: </p> <ul><li>633 characters which do not appear in the list of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji (regular-use kanji). 18 of these have a variant, bringing the number of character forms to 651.</li> <li>212 characters which are traditional forms (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai" title="Kyūjitai">kyūjitai</a></i></span>) of characters present in the list of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jinmeiyō_kanji_not_part_of_the_jōyō_kanji"><span id="Jinmeiy.C5.8D_kanji_not_part_of_the_j.C5.8Dy.C5.8D_kanji"></span><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji not part of the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Jinmeiyō kanji not part of the jōyō kanji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Variants are given in parentheses. </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;">丑&#x2060; 丞&#x2060; 乃&#x2060; 之&#x2060; 乎&#x2060; 也&#x2060; 云&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">亘(亙)</span>些&#x2060; 亦&#x2060; 亥&#x2060; 亨&#x2060; 亮&#x2060; 仔&#x2060; 伊&#x2060; 伍&#x2060; 伽&#x2060; 佃&#x2060; 佑&#x2060; 伶&#x2060; 侃&#x2060; 侑&#x2060; 俄&#x2060; 俠&#x2060; 俣&#x2060; 俐&#x2060; 倭&#x2060; 俱&#x2060; 倦&#x2060; 倖&#x2060; 偲&#x2060; 傭&#x2060; 儲&#x2060; 允&#x2060; 兎&#x2060; 兜&#x2060; 其&#x2060; 冴&#x2060; 凌&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">凜(凛)</span>凧&#x2060; 凪&#x2060; 凰&#x2060; 凱&#x2060; 函&#x2060; 劉&#x2060; 劫&#x2060; 勁&#x2060; 勺&#x2060; 勿&#x2060; 匁&#x2060; 匡&#x2060; 廿&#x2060; 卜&#x2060; 卯&#x2060; 卿&#x2060; 厨&#x2060; 厩&#x2060; 叉&#x2060; 叡&#x2060; 叢&#x2060; 叶&#x2060; 只&#x2060; 吾&#x2060; 吞&#x2060; 吻&#x2060; 哉&#x2060; 哨&#x2060; 啄&#x2060; 哩&#x2060; 喬&#x2060; 喧&#x2060; 喰&#x2060; 喋&#x2060; 嘩&#x2060; 嘉&#x2060; 嘗&#x2060; 噌&#x2060; 噂&#x2060; 圃&#x2060; 圭&#x2060; 坐&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">尭(堯)</span>坦&#x2060; 埴&#x2060; 堰&#x2060; 堺&#x2060; 堵&#x2060; 塙&#x2060; 壕&#x2060; 壬&#x2060; 夷&#x2060; 奄&#x2060; 奎&#x2060; 套&#x2060; 娃&#x2060; 姪&#x2060; 姥&#x2060; 娩&#x2060; 嬉&#x2060; 孟&#x2060; 宏&#x2060; 宋&#x2060; 宕&#x2060; 宥&#x2060; 寅&#x2060; 寓&#x2060; 寵&#x2060; 尖&#x2060; 尤&#x2060; 屑&#x2060; 峨&#x2060; 峻&#x2060; 崚&#x2060; 嵯&#x2060; 嵩&#x2060; 嶺&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">巌(巖)</span>巫&#x2060; 已&#x2060; 巳&#x2060; 巴&#x2060; 巷&#x2060; 巽&#x2060; 帖&#x2060; 幌&#x2060; 幡&#x2060; 庄&#x2060; 庇&#x2060; 庚&#x2060; 庵&#x2060; 廟&#x2060; 廻&#x2060; 弘&#x2060; 弛&#x2060; 彗&#x2060; 彦&#x2060; 彪&#x2060; 彬&#x2060; 徠&#x2060; 忽&#x2060; 怜&#x2060; 恢&#x2060; 恰&#x2060; 恕&#x2060; 悌&#x2060; 惟&#x2060; 惚&#x2060; 悉&#x2060; 惇&#x2060; 惹&#x2060; 惺&#x2060; 惣&#x2060; 慧&#x2060; 憐&#x2060; 戊&#x2060; 或&#x2060; 戟&#x2060; 托&#x2060; 按&#x2060; 挺&#x2060; 挽&#x2060; 掬&#x2060; 捲&#x2060; 捷&#x2060; 捺&#x2060; 捧&#x2060; 掠&#x2060; 揃&#x2060; 摑&#x2060; 摺&#x2060; 撒&#x2060; 撰&#x2060; 撞&#x2060; 播&#x2060; 撫&#x2060; 擢&#x2060; 孜&#x2060; 敦&#x2060; 斐&#x2060; 斡&#x2060; 斧&#x2060; 斯&#x2060; 於&#x2060; 旭&#x2060; 昂&#x2060; 昊&#x2060; 昏&#x2060; 昌&#x2060; 昴&#x2060; 晏&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">晃(晄)</span>晒&#x2060; 晋&#x2060; 晟&#x2060; 晦&#x2060; 晨&#x2060; 智&#x2060; 暉&#x2060; 暢&#x2060; 曙&#x2060; 曝&#x2060; 曳&#x2060; 朋&#x2060; 朔&#x2060; 杏&#x2060; 杖&#x2060; 杜&#x2060; 李&#x2060; 杭&#x2060; 杵&#x2060; 杷&#x2060; 枇&#x2060; 柑&#x2060; 柴&#x2060; 柘&#x2060; 柊&#x2060; 柏&#x2060; 柾&#x2060; 柚&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">桧(檜)</span>栞&#x2060; 桔&#x2060; 桂&#x2060; 栖&#x2060; 桐&#x2060; 栗&#x2060; 梧&#x2060; 梓&#x2060; 梢&#x2060; 梛&#x2060; 梯&#x2060; 桶&#x2060; 梶&#x2060; 椛&#x2060; 梁&#x2060; 棲&#x2060; 椋&#x2060; 椀&#x2060; 楯&#x2060; 楚&#x2060; 楕&#x2060; 椿&#x2060; 楠&#x2060; 楓&#x2060; 椰&#x2060; 楢&#x2060; 楊&#x2060; 榎&#x2060; 樺&#x2060; 榊&#x2060; 榛&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">槙(槇)</span>槍&#x2060; 槌&#x2060; 樫&#x2060; 槻&#x2060; 樟&#x2060; 樋&#x2060; 橘&#x2060; 樽&#x2060; 橙&#x2060; 檎&#x2060; 檀&#x2060; 櫂&#x2060; 櫛&#x2060; 櫓&#x2060; 欣&#x2060; 欽&#x2060; 歎&#x2060; 此&#x2060; 殆&#x2060; 毅&#x2060; 毘&#x2060; 毬&#x2060; 汀&#x2060; 汝&#x2060; 汐&#x2060; 汲&#x2060; 沌&#x2060; 沓&#x2060; 沫&#x2060; 洸&#x2060; 洲&#x2060; 洵&#x2060; 洛&#x2060; 浩&#x2060; 浬&#x2060; 淵&#x2060; 淳&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">渚(渚︀)</span>淀&#x2060; 淋&#x2060; 渥&#x2060; 渾&#x2060; 湘&#x2060; 湊&#x2060; 湛&#x2060; 溢&#x2060; 滉&#x2060; 溜&#x2060; 漱&#x2060; 漕&#x2060; 漣&#x2060; 澪&#x2060; 濡&#x2060; 瀕&#x2060; 灘&#x2060; 灸&#x2060; 灼&#x2060; 烏&#x2060; 焰&#x2060; 焚&#x2060; 煌&#x2060; 煤&#x2060; 煉&#x2060; 熙&#x2060; 燕&#x2060; 燎&#x2060; 燦&#x2060; 燭&#x2060; 燿&#x2060; 爾&#x2060; 牒&#x2060; 牟&#x2060; 牡&#x2060; 牽&#x2060; 犀&#x2060; 狼&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">猪(猪︀)</span>獅&#x2060; 玖&#x2060; 珂&#x2060; 珈&#x2060; 珊&#x2060; 珀&#x2060; 玲&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">琢(琢︀)</span>琉&#x2060; 瑛&#x2060; 琥&#x2060; 琶&#x2060; 琵&#x2060; 琳&#x2060; 瑚&#x2060; 瑞&#x2060; 瑶&#x2060; 瑳&#x2060; 瓜&#x2060; 瓢&#x2060; 甥&#x2060; 甫&#x2060; 畠&#x2060; 畢&#x2060; 疋&#x2060; 疏&#x2060; 皐&#x2060; 皓&#x2060; 眸&#x2060; 瞥&#x2060; 矩&#x2060; 砦&#x2060; 砥&#x2060; 砧&#x2060; 硯&#x2060; 碓&#x2060; 碗&#x2060; 碩&#x2060; 碧&#x2060; 磐&#x2060; 磯&#x2060; 祇&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">祢(禰)</span><span class="nowrap">祐(祐︀)</span><span class="nowrap">祷(禱)</span><span class="nowrap">禄(祿)</span><span class="nowrap">禎(禎︀)</span>禽&#x2060; 禾&#x2060; 秦&#x2060; 秤&#x2060; 稀&#x2060; 稔&#x2060; 稟&#x2060; 稜&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">穣(穰)</span>穹&#x2060; 穿&#x2060; 窄&#x2060; 窪&#x2060; 窺&#x2060; 竣&#x2060; 竪&#x2060; 竺&#x2060; 竿&#x2060; 笈&#x2060; 笹&#x2060; 笙&#x2060; 笠&#x2060; 筈&#x2060; 筑&#x2060; 箕&#x2060; 箔&#x2060; 篇&#x2060; 篠&#x2060; 簞&#x2060; 簾&#x2060; 籾&#x2060; 粥&#x2060; 粟&#x2060; 糊&#x2060; 紘&#x2060; 紗&#x2060; 紐&#x2060; 絃&#x2060; 紬&#x2060; 絆&#x2060; 絢&#x2060; 綺&#x2060; 綜&#x2060; 綴&#x2060; 緋&#x2060; 綾&#x2060; 綸&#x2060; 縞&#x2060; 徽&#x2060; 繫&#x2060; 繡&#x2060; 纂&#x2060; 纏&#x2060; 羚&#x2060; 翔&#x2060; 翠&#x2060; 耀&#x2060; 而&#x2060; 耶&#x2060; 耽&#x2060; 聡&#x2060; 肇&#x2060; 肋&#x2060; 肴&#x2060; 胤&#x2060; 胡&#x2060; 脩&#x2060; 腔&#x2060; 脹&#x2060; 膏&#x2060; 臥&#x2060; 舜&#x2060; 舵&#x2060; 芥&#x2060; 芹&#x2060; 芭&#x2060; 芙&#x2060; 芦&#x2060; 苑&#x2060; 茄&#x2060; 苔&#x2060; 苺&#x2060; 茅&#x2060; 茉&#x2060; 茸&#x2060; 茜&#x2060; 莞&#x2060; 荻&#x2060; 莫&#x2060; 莉&#x2060; 菅&#x2060; 菫&#x2060; 菖&#x2060; 萄&#x2060; 菩&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">萌(萠)</span>萊&#x2060; 菱&#x2060; 葦&#x2060; 葵&#x2060; 萱&#x2060; 葺&#x2060; 萩&#x2060; 董&#x2060; 葡&#x2060; 蓑&#x2060; 蒔&#x2060; 蒐&#x2060; 蒼&#x2060; 蒲&#x2060; 蒙&#x2060; 蓉&#x2060; 蓮&#x2060; 蔭&#x2060; 蔣&#x2060; 蔦&#x2060; 蓬&#x2060; 蔓&#x2060; 蕎&#x2060; 蕨&#x2060; 蕉&#x2060; 蕃&#x2060; 蕪&#x2060; 薙&#x2060; 蕾&#x2060; 蕗&#x2060; 藁&#x2060; 薩&#x2060; 蘇&#x2060; 蘭&#x2060; 蝦&#x2060; 蝶&#x2060; 螺&#x2060; 蟬&#x2060; 蟹&#x2060; 蠟&#x2060; 衿&#x2060; 袈&#x2060; 袴&#x2060; 裡&#x2060; 裟&#x2060; 裳&#x2060; 襖&#x2060; 訊&#x2060; 訣&#x2060; 註&#x2060; 詢&#x2060; 詫&#x2060; 誼&#x2060; 諏&#x2060; 諄&#x2060; 諒&#x2060; 謂&#x2060; 諺&#x2060; 讃&#x2060; 豹&#x2060; 貰&#x2060; 賑&#x2060; 赳&#x2060; 跨&#x2060; 蹄&#x2060; 蹟&#x2060; 輔&#x2060; 輯&#x2060; 輿&#x2060; 轟&#x2060; 辰&#x2060; 辻&#x2060; 迂&#x2060; 迄&#x2060; 辿&#x2060; 迪&#x2060; 迦&#x2060; 這&#x2060; 逞&#x2060; 逗&#x2060; 逢&#x2060; <span class="nowrap">遥(遙)</span>遁&#x2060; 遼&#x2060; 邑&#x2060; 祁&#x2060; 郁&#x2060; 鄭&#x2060; 酉&#x2060; 醇&#x2060; 醐&#x2060; 醍&#x2060; 醬&#x2060; 釉&#x2060; 釘&#x2060; 釧&#x2060; 銑&#x2060; 鋒&#x2060; 鋸&#x2060; 錘&#x2060; 錐&#x2060; 錆&#x2060; 錫&#x2060; 鍬&#x2060; 鎧&#x2060; 閃&#x2060; 閏&#x2060; 閤&#x2060; 阿&#x2060; 陀&#x2060; 隈&#x2060; 隼&#x2060; 雀&#x2060; 雁&#x2060; 雛&#x2060; 雫&#x2060; 霞&#x2060; 靖&#x2060; 鞄&#x2060; 鞍&#x2060; 鞘&#x2060; 鞠&#x2060; 鞭&#x2060; 頁&#x2060; 頌&#x2060; 頗&#x2060; 顚&#x2060; 颯&#x2060; 饗&#x2060; 馨&#x2060; 馴&#x2060; 馳&#x2060; 駕&#x2060; 駿&#x2060; 驍&#x2060; 魁&#x2060; 魯&#x2060; 鮎&#x2060; 鯉&#x2060; 鯛&#x2060; 鰯&#x2060; 鱒&#x2060; 鱗&#x2060; 鳩&#x2060; 鳶&#x2060; 鳳&#x2060; 鴨&#x2060; 鴻&#x2060; 鵜&#x2060; 鵬&#x2060; 鷗&#x2060; 鷲&#x2060; 鷺&#x2060; 鷹&#x2060; 麒&#x2060; 麟&#x2060; 麿&#x2060; 黎&#x2060; 黛&#x2060; 鼎</span></span></dd></dl> <p>Below are the 18 characters that are variant forms of characters in the list above. For each variant form, the corresponding standard form ("non-variant" form) is in parentheses. </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;"><span class="nowrap">亙(亘)</span> <span class="nowrap">凛(凜)</span> <span class="nowrap">堯(尭)</span> <span class="nowrap">巖(巌)</span> <span class="nowrap">晄(晃)</span> <span class="nowrap">檜(桧)</span> <span class="nowrap">槇(槙)</span> <span class="nowrap">渚︀(渚)</span> <span class="nowrap">猪︀(猪)</span> <span class="nowrap">琢︀(琢)</span> <span class="nowrap">禰(祢)</span> <span class="nowrap">祐︀(祐)</span> <span class="nowrap">禱(祷)</span> <span class="nowrap">祿(禄)</span> <span class="nowrap">禎︀(禎)</span> <span class="nowrap">穰(穣)</span> <span class="nowrap">萠(萌)</span> <span class="nowrap">遙(遥)</span></span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_variants_of_jōyō_kanji"><span id="Traditional_variants_of_j.C5.8Dy.C5.8D_kanji"></span><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai" title="Kyūjitai">Traditional variants</a> of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Traditional variants of jōyō kanji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern form (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">shinjitai</a></i></span>), which appears in the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōyō</i></span> kanji list, is given in brackets.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-size: large;"><span class="nowrap">亞(亜)</span> <span class="nowrap">惡(悪)</span> <span class="nowrap">爲(為)</span> <span class="nowrap">逸︁(逸)</span> <span class="nowrap">榮(栄)</span> <span class="nowrap">衞(衛)</span> <span class="nowrap">謁︀(謁)</span> <span class="nowrap">圓(円)</span> <span class="nowrap">緣(縁)</span> <span class="nowrap">薗(園)</span> <span class="nowrap">應(応)</span> <span class="nowrap">櫻(桜)</span> <span class="nowrap">奧(奥)</span> <span class="nowrap">橫(横)</span> <span class="nowrap">溫(温)</span> <span class="nowrap">價(価)</span> <span class="nowrap">禍︀(禍)</span> <span class="nowrap">悔︀(悔)</span> <span class="nowrap">海︀(海)</span> <span class="nowrap">壞(壊)</span> <span class="nowrap">懷(懐)</span> <span class="nowrap">樂(楽)</span> <span class="nowrap">渴(渇)</span> <span class="nowrap">卷(巻)</span> <span class="nowrap">陷(陥)</span> <span class="nowrap">寬(寛)</span> <span class="nowrap">漢︀(漢)</span> <span class="nowrap">氣(気)</span> <span class="nowrap">祈︀(祈)</span> <span class="nowrap">器︀(器)</span> <span class="nowrap">僞(偽)</span> <span class="nowrap">戲(戯)</span> <span class="nowrap">虛(虚)</span> <span class="nowrap">峽(峡)</span> <span class="nowrap">狹(狭)</span> <span class="nowrap">響︀(響)</span> <span class="nowrap">曉(暁)</span> <span class="nowrap">勤︀(勤)</span> <span class="nowrap">謹︀(謹)</span> <span class="nowrap">駈(駆)</span> <span class="nowrap">勳(勲)</span> <span class="nowrap">薰(薫)</span> <span class="nowrap">惠(恵)</span> <span class="nowrap">揭(掲)</span> <span class="nowrap">鷄(鶏)</span> <span class="nowrap">藝(芸)</span> <span class="nowrap">擊(撃)</span> <span class="nowrap">縣(県)</span> <span class="nowrap">儉(倹)</span> <span class="nowrap">劍(剣)</span> <span class="nowrap">險(険)</span> <span class="nowrap">圈(圏)</span> <span class="nowrap">檢(検)</span> <span class="nowrap">顯(顕)</span> <span class="nowrap">驗(験)</span> <span class="nowrap">嚴(厳)</span> <span class="nowrap">廣(広)</span> <span class="nowrap">恆(恒)</span> <span class="nowrap">黃(黄)</span> <span class="nowrap">國(国)</span> <span class="nowrap">黑(黒)</span> <span class="nowrap">穀︀(穀)</span> <span class="nowrap">碎(砕)</span> <span class="nowrap">雜(雑)</span> <span class="nowrap">祉︀(祉)</span> <span class="nowrap">視︀(視)</span> <span class="nowrap">兒(児)</span> <span class="nowrap">濕(湿)</span> <span class="nowrap">實(実)</span> <span class="nowrap">社︀(社)</span> <span class="nowrap">者︀(者)</span> <span class="nowrap">煮︀(煮)</span> <span class="nowrap">壽(寿)</span> <span class="nowrap">收(収)</span> <span class="nowrap">臭︀(臭)</span> <span class="nowrap">從(従)</span> <span class="nowrap">澁(渋)</span> <span class="nowrap">獸(獣)</span> <span class="nowrap">縱(縦)</span> <span class="nowrap">祝︀(祝)</span> <span class="nowrap">暑︀(暑)</span> <span class="nowrap">署︀(署)</span> <span class="nowrap">緖(緒)</span> <span class="nowrap">諸︀(諸)</span> <span class="nowrap">敍(叙)</span> <span class="nowrap">將(将)</span> <span class="nowrap">祥︀(祥)</span> <span class="nowrap">涉(渉)</span> <span class="nowrap">燒(焼)</span> <span class="nowrap">奬(奨)</span> <span class="nowrap">條(条)</span> <span class="nowrap">狀(状)</span> <span class="nowrap">乘(乗)</span> <span class="nowrap">淨(浄)</span> <span class="nowrap">剩(剰)</span> <span class="nowrap">疊(畳)</span> <span class="nowrap">孃(嬢)</span> <span class="nowrap">讓(譲)</span> <span class="nowrap">釀(醸)</span> <span class="nowrap">神︀(神)</span> <span class="nowrap">眞(真)</span> <span class="nowrap">寢(寝)</span> <span class="nowrap">愼(慎)</span> <span class="nowrap">盡(尽)</span> <span class="nowrap">粹(粋)</span> <span class="nowrap">醉(酔)</span> <span class="nowrap">穗(穂)</span> <span class="nowrap">瀨(瀬)</span> <span class="nowrap">齊(斉)</span> <span class="nowrap">靜(静)</span> <span class="nowrap">攝(摂)</span> <span class="nowrap">節︀(節)</span> <span class="nowrap">專(専)</span> <span class="nowrap">戰(戦)</span> <span class="nowrap">纖(繊)</span> <span class="nowrap">禪(禅)</span> <span class="nowrap">祖︀(祖)</span> <span class="nowrap">壯(壮)</span> <span class="nowrap">爭(争)</span> <span class="nowrap">莊(荘)</span> <span class="nowrap">搜(捜)</span> <span class="nowrap">巢(巣)</span> <span class="nowrap">曾(曽)</span> <span class="nowrap">裝(装)</span> <span class="nowrap">僧︀(僧)</span> <span class="nowrap">層︀(層)</span> <span class="nowrap">瘦(痩)</span> <span class="nowrap">騷(騒)</span> <span class="nowrap">增(増)</span> <span class="nowrap">憎︀(憎)</span> <span class="nowrap">藏(蔵)</span> <span class="nowrap">贈︀(贈)</span> <span class="nowrap">臟(臓)</span> <span class="nowrap">卽(即)</span> <span class="nowrap">帶(帯)</span> <span class="nowrap">滯(滞)</span> <span class="nowrap">瀧(滝)</span> <span class="nowrap">單(単)</span> <span class="nowrap">嘆︀(嘆)</span> <span class="nowrap">團(団)</span> <span class="nowrap">彈(弾)</span> <span class="nowrap">晝(昼)</span> <span class="nowrap">鑄(鋳)</span> <span class="nowrap">著︀(著)</span> <span class="nowrap">廳(庁)</span> <span class="nowrap">徵(徴)</span> <span class="nowrap">聽(聴)</span> <span class="nowrap">懲︀(懲)</span> <span class="nowrap">鎭(鎮)</span> <span class="nowrap">轉(転)</span> <span class="nowrap">傳(伝)</span> <span class="nowrap">都︀(都)</span> <span class="nowrap">嶋(島)</span> <span class="nowrap">燈(灯)</span> <span class="nowrap">盜(盗)</span> <span class="nowrap">稻(稲)</span> <span class="nowrap">德(徳)</span> <span class="nowrap">突︀(突)</span> <span class="nowrap">難︀(難)</span> <span class="nowrap">拜(拝)</span> <span class="nowrap">盃(杯)</span> <span class="nowrap">賣(売)</span> <span class="nowrap">梅︀(梅)</span> <span class="nowrap">髮(髪)</span> <span class="nowrap">拔(抜)</span> <span class="nowrap">繁︀(繁)</span> <span class="nowrap">晚(晩)</span> <span class="nowrap">卑︀(卑)</span> <span class="nowrap">祕(秘)</span> <span class="nowrap">碑︀(碑)</span> <span class="nowrap">賓︀(賓)</span> <span class="nowrap">敏︀(敏)</span> <span class="nowrap">冨(富)</span> <span class="nowrap">侮︀(侮)</span> <span class="nowrap">福︀(福)</span> <span class="nowrap">拂(払)</span> <span class="nowrap">佛(仏)</span> <span class="nowrap">勉︀(勉)</span> <span class="nowrap">步(歩)</span> <span class="nowrap">峯(峰)</span> <span class="nowrap">墨︀(墨)</span> <span class="nowrap">飜(翻)</span> <span class="nowrap">每(毎)</span> <span class="nowrap">萬(万)</span> <span class="nowrap">默(黙)</span> <span class="nowrap">埜(野)</span> <span class="nowrap">彌(弥)</span> <span class="nowrap">藥(薬)</span> <span class="nowrap">與(与)</span> <span class="nowrap">搖(揺)</span> <span class="nowrap">樣(様)</span> <span class="nowrap">謠(謡)</span> <span class="nowrap">來(来)</span> <span class="nowrap">賴(頼)</span> <span class="nowrap">覽(覧)</span> <span class="nowrap">欄︀(欄)</span> <span class="nowrap">龍󠄂(竜)</span> <span class="nowrap">虜︀(虜)</span> <span class="nowrap">凉(涼)</span> <span class="nowrap">綠(緑)</span> <span class="nowrap">淚(涙)</span> <span class="nowrap">壘(塁)</span> <span class="nowrap">類︀(類)</span> <span class="nowrap">禮(礼)</span> <span class="nowrap">曆(暦)</span> <span class="nowrap">歷(歴)</span> <span class="nowrap">練︁(練)</span> <span class="nowrap">鍊(錬)</span> <span class="nowrap">郞(郎)</span> <span class="nowrap">朗︀(朗)</span> <span class="nowrap">廊︀(廊)</span> <span class="nowrap">錄(録)</span></span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Actual_usage_in_names">Actual usage in names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Actual usage in names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Usage of the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinmeiyō</i></span> kanji in Japanese names varies widely. For example, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">之</span></span>, is used in over 6,000 names, and the 53 kanji used most commonly in names are all in over 500 names each.<sup id="cite_ref-kanshudo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kanshudo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">For a list of words relating to Jinmeiyō kanji, see the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Kanji_used_for_names" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:Kanji used for names"><i><b>Kanji used for names</b></i> category of words</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inmyongyong_chuga_hanjapyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Inmyongyong chuga hanjapyo">Inmyongyong chuga hanjapyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean names">Korean names</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320041010/http://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/pdf/jouyoukanjihyou_h22.pdf">List of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Jōyō</i></span> Kanji (Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moj.go.jp/content/001131003.pdf">List of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Jinmeiyō</i></span> Kanji (Japanese Ministry of Justice)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-asahi-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asahi_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShiraishi2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shiraishi, Akihiko (23 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100214104514/http://www.asahi.com/national/update/1023/TKY200910230335.html">"「柿」など9字追加、「鷹」は選外 新常用漢字の修正案"</a> &#91;New draft table adds 196 everyday-use kanji&#93;. <i>Asahi Shimbun</i> (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asahi.com/national/update/1023/TKY200910230335.html">the original</a> on 14 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Asahi+Shimbun&amp;rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E6%9F%BF%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A9%EF%BC%99%E5%AD%97%E8%BF%BD%E5%8A%A0%E3%80%81%E3%80%8C%E9%B7%B9%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AF%E9%81%B8%E5%A4%96+%E6%96%B0%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E3%81%AE%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&amp;rft.date=2009-10-23&amp;rft.aulast=Shiraishi&amp;rft.aufirst=Akihiko&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahi.com%2Fnational%2Fupdate%2F1023%2FTKY200910230335.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinmeiy%C5%8D+kanji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jtimes2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jtimes2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoguchi2009" class="citation web cs1">Noguchi, Mary Sisk (21 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2009/10/21/life/get-set-for-next-years-overhaul-of-official-kanji/">"Get set for next year's overhaul of official kanji"</a>. <i>Japan Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211031126/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2009/10/21/life/get-set-for-next-years-overhaul-of-official-kanji/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Japan+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Get+set+for+next+year%27s+overhaul+of+official+kanji&amp;rft.date=2009-10-21&amp;rft.aulast=Noguchi&amp;rft.aufirst=Mary+Sisk&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Flife%2F2009%2F10%2F21%2Flife%2Fget-set-for-next-years-overhaul-of-official-kanji%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinmeiy%C5%8D+kanji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nikkei-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nikkei_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLASDG24H0N_U7A920C1000000/">"人名用漢字に「渾」追加 司法判断を受け法務省"</a>. <i>日本経済新聞</i>. 25 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104211023/https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLASDG24H0N_U7A920C1000000/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&amp;rft.atitle=%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E3%81%AB%E3%80%8C%E6%B8%BE%E3%80%8D%E8%BF%BD%E5%8A%A0+%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD%E3%82%92%E5%8F%97%E3%81%91%E6%B3%95%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81&amp;rft.date=2017-09-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nikkei.com%2Farticle%2FDGXLASDG24H0N_U7A920C1000000%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinmeiy%C5%8D+kanji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moj.go.jp/content/001131003.pdf">加除_17_05_30 <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">別表第二の表</span></span></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211024010205/https://www.moj.go.jp/content/001131003.pdf">Archived</a> 2021-10-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.sanseido-publ.co.jp/column/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%9B%9E">"第2回 インフラ &#124; 10分でわかるカタカナ語(三省堂編修所) &#124; 三省堂 ことばのコラム"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211034103/https://dictionary.sanseido-publ.co.jp/column/%e7%ac%ac2%e5%9b%9e-%e3%82%a4%e3%83%b3%e3%83%95%e3%83%a9">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC2%E5%9B%9E+%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9+%26%23124%3B+10%E5%88%86%E3%81%A7%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8B%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E8%AA%9E%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%89%E7%9C%81%E5%A0%82%E7%B7%A8%E4%BF%AE%E6%89%80%EF%BC%89+%26%23124%3B+%E4%B8%89%E7%9C%81%E5%A0%82+%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%B0%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.sanseido-publ.co.jp%2Fcolumn%2F%25E7%25AC%25AC2%25E5%259B%259E&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinmeiy%C5%8D+kanji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kanshudo-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kanshudo_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kanshudo.com/collections/jinmeiyo_kanji">"The Jinmeiyō Kanji (人名用漢字)"</a>. <i>Kanshudo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506231412/https://www.kanshudo.com/collections/jinmeiyo_kanji">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Kanshudo&amp;rft.atitle=The+Jinmeiy%C5%8D+Kanji+%28%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kanshudo.com%2Fcollections%2Fjinmeiyo_kanji&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinmeiy%C5%8D+kanji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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