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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of the events of 1979 in philosophy</div> <table class="infobox"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-size:larger;"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; width:15%;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_philosophy" title="List of years in philosophy">List of years in philosophy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; width:15%;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_by_year" title="Category:Philosophy by year">…</a> <a href="/wiki/1969_in_philosophy" title="1969 in philosophy">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_philosophy" title="1970 in philosophy">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_in_philosophy" title="1971 in philosophy">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_in_philosophy" title="1972 in philosophy">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_in_philosophy" title="1973 in philosophy">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_philosophy" title="1974 in philosophy">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_in_philosophy" title="1975 in philosophy">1975</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_philosophy" title="1976 in philosophy">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_in_philosophy" title="1977 in philosophy">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_philosophy" title="1978 in philosophy">1978</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1979</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_philosophy" title="1980 in philosophy">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_philosophy" title="1981 in philosophy">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_philosophy" title="1982 in philosophy">1982</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_philosophy" title="1983 in philosophy">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_philosophy" title="1984 in philosophy">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_in_philosophy" title="1985 in philosophy">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_philosophy" title="1986 in philosophy">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_in_philosophy" title="1987 in philosophy">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_in_philosophy" title="1988 in philosophy">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_philosophy" title="1989 in philosophy">1989</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_by_year" title="Category:Philosophy by year">…</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_art" title="1979 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_archaeology" title="1979 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_architecture" title="1979 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_literature" title="1979 in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_music" title="1979 in music">Music</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_science" title="1979 in science">Science</a></li></ul> </div><i><a href="/wiki/Category:1979" title="Category:1979">+...</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1979 in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a></b> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_in_philosophy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hegel_Society_of_Great_Britain" title="Hegel Society of Great Britain">Hegel Society of Great Britain</a> was founded in 1979.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_in_philosophy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Singer" title="Peter Singer">Peter Singer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Practical_Ethics" title="Practical Ethics">Practical Ethics</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Equality_of_What%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Equality of What?">Equality of What?</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/The_Tanner_Lectures_on_Human_Values" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tanner Lectures on Human Values">The Tanner Lectures on Human Values</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Dreyfus" title="Hubert Dreyfus">Dreyfus, Hubert</a>, <i><b><a href="/wiki/What_Computers_Can%27t_Do" class="mw-redirect" title="What Computers Can't Do">What Computers Can't Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence</a></b></i>, 2nd ed. (First ed., 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Fodor" title="Jerry Fodor">Fodor, Jerry</a>, <i><b>Representations: Essays on the Foundations of Cognitive Science</b></i>, Harvard Press (UK) and MIT Press (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hofstadter" title="Douglas Hofstadter">Hofstadter, Douglas</a>, <i><b><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6del,_Escher,_Bach:_an_Eternal_Golden_Braid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid">Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid</a></b></i>. Basic Books. (Won <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> in 1980.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Kripke" title="Saul Kripke">Kripke, Saul</a>, "<b>A Puzzle about Belief</b>", In: <i>Meaning and Use</i>, edited by A. Margalit. Dordrecht and Boston: Reidel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_K._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="David K. Lewis">Lewis, David</a>, "<b>Prisoners' Dilemma is a Newcomb Problem</b>," <i>Philosophy and Public Affairs</i>, 8, pp 235–40.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_K._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="David K. Lewis">Lewis, David</a>, "<b>Counterfactual Dependence and Time's Arrow</b>," <i>Nous</i>, 13, pp 455–76.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_K._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="David K. Lewis">Lewis, David</a>, "<b>Scorekeeping in a Language Game</b>," <i>Journal of Philosophical Logic</i>, 8, pp 339–59.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_K._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="David K. Lewis">Lewis, David</a>, "<b>Attitude De Dicto and De Se</b>," <i>Philosophical Review</i>, 88, pp 513–43.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_K._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="David K. Lewis">Lewis, David</a>, "<b>Lucas against Mechanism II</b>," <i>Canadian Journal of Philosophy</i>, 9, pp 373–76.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_Marquard" title="Odo Marquard">Marquard, Odo</a>, "<a href="/wiki/In_Praise_of_Polytheism" title="In Praise of Polytheism">In Praise of Polytheism</a>", in Hans Poser, ed., <i>Philosophie und Mythos. Ein Kolloquium</i> (de Gruyter, Berlin and New York), pp. 40–58</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McDowell" title="John McDowell">McDowell, John</a>, "<b>Virtue and Reason</b>," <i>The Monist</i>, lxii, 331–50; reprinted in Stanley G. Clarke and Evan Simpson, eds., <i>Anti-Theory in Ethics and Moral Conservatism</i> (SUNY Press, Albany, 1989), pp. 87–109</li> <li><span id="Metaphor_and_Thought"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Ortony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Ortony (page does not exist)">Ortony, Andrew</a></span> (ed.), <i><b>Metaphor and Thought</b></i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (<b>Note:</b> Some authors and contents may not have originated in 1979, but included in the revised edition in 1993.) <ul><li>Metaphor, language and thought, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Ortony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Ortony (page does not exist)">Andrew Ortony</a></li> <li>More about metaphor, <a href="/wiki/Max_Black" title="Max Black">Max Black</a></li> <li><b>Part I. Metaphor and Meaning</b></li> <li>Figurative speech and linguistics, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerrold_M._Saddock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerrold M. Saddock (page does not exist)">Jerrold M. Saddock</a></li> <li>The semantics of metaphor, <a href="/wiki/L._Jonathan_Cohen" title="L. Jonathan Cohen">L. Jonathan Cohen</a></li> <li>Some problems with the notion of literal meanings, <a href="/wiki/David_E._Rumelhart" class="mw-redirect" title="David E. Rumelhart">David E. Rumelhart</a></li> <li>Metaphor, <a href="/wiki/John_R._Searle" class="mw-redirect" title="John R. Searle">John R. Searle</a></li> <li>Language, concepts, and worlds: Three domains of metaphor, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_R._Levin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel R. Levin (page does not exist)">Samuel R. Levin</a></li> <li>Observations on the pragmatics of metaphor, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_L._Morgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry L. Morgan (page does not exist)">Jerry L. Morgan</a></li> <li><b>Part II. Metaphor and Representation</b></li> <li>Generative metaphor: A perspective on problem-setting in social policy, <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Sch%C3%B6n" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald A. Schön">Donald A. Schön</a></li> <li>The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J._Reddy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael J. Reddy (page does not exist)">Michael J. Reddy</a></li> <li>The contemporary theory of metaphor, <a href="/wiki/George_Lakoff" title="George Lakoff">George Lakoff</a></li> <li>Process and products in making sense of tropes, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_W._Gibbs,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr.">Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr.</a></li> <li>Metaphor, induction, and social policy: The Convergence of macroscopic and microscopic views, <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Sternberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert J. Sternberg">Robert J. Sternberg</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Tourangeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Tourangeau (page does not exist)">Roger Tourangeau</a></li> <li><b>Part III. Metaphor and Understanding</b></li> <li>Psychological processes in metaphor comprehension and memory, <a href="/wiki/Allan_Paivio" title="Allan Paivio">Allan Paivio</a> and Mary Walsh</li> <li>The interpretation of novel metaphors, Bruce Fraser</li> <li>The role of similarity in similes and metaphors, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Ortony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Ortony (page does not exist)">Andrew Ortony</a></li> <li>Images and models, Similes and Metaphors, <a href="/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller">George A. Miller</a></li> <li>How Metaphors Work, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Glucksberg" title="Sam Glucksberg">Sam Glucksberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boaz_Keysar" title="Boaz Keysar">Boaz Keysar</a></li> <li>Metaphor and irony: two levels of understanding, <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Winner" title="Ellen Winner">Ellen Winner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Gardner" title="Howard Gardner">Howard Gardner</a></li> <li><b>Part IV. Metaphor and Science</b></li> <li>The shift from metaphor to analogy in western science, <a href="/wiki/Dedre_Gentner" title="Dedre Gentner">Dedre Gentner</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Jeziorski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Jeziorski (page does not exist)">Michael Jeziorski</a></li> <li>Metaphor and theory change: What is ‘metaphor’ a metaphor for? <a href="/wiki/Richard_Boyd" title="Richard Boyd">Richard Boyd</a></li> <li>Metaphor in science, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Kuhn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas S. Kuhn">Thomas S. Kuhn</a></li> <li>Metaphorical imprecision and the ‘top-down’ research strategy, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zenon_W._Pylyshyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zenon W. Pylyshyn (page does not exist)">Zenon W. Pylyshyn</a></li> <li><b>Part V. Metaphor and Education</b></li> <li>The instructive metaphor: metaphoric aids to students’ understanding of science, <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Mayer" title="Richard E. Mayer">Richard E. Mayer</a></li> <li>Metaphor and learning, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_G._Petrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh G. Petrie (page does not exist)">Hugh G. Petrie</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebecca_S._Oshlag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebecca S. Oshlag (page does not exist)">Rebecca S. Oshlag</a></li> <li>Learning without metaphor, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Green" title="Thomas F. Green">Thomas F. Green</a></li> <li>Educational uses of metaphor, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_G._Sticht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas G. Sticht (page does not exist)">Thomas G. Sticht</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Osgood" title="Charles E. Osgood">Osgood, Charles E.</a>, <i><b>Focus on Meaning: Explorations in Semantic Space</b></i>. Mouton Publishers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Osgood" title="Charles E. Osgood">Osgood, Charles E.</a>, "<b>What is a Language?</b>" In: Aaronson, D. & Rieber, R. (eds.) <i>Psycholinguistic Research: Implications and Applications</i>. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. pp. 189–228.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Perry_(philosopher)" title="John Perry (philosopher)">Perry, John</a>, "<b>The Problem of the Essential Indexical</b>." Noûs 13, no. 1: 3 – 21.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper, Karl</a>, <i><b>Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach</b></i>, Rev. ed. (First ed., 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rorty" title="Richard Rorty">Rorty, Richard</a>, <i><b><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_and_the_Mirror_of_Nature" title="Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature">Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">Searle, John</a>, <i><b>Expression and Meaning</b></i> <ul><li>Introduction</li> <li>Origins of the essays</li> <li>1. A taxonomy of illocutionary acts</li> <li>2. Indirect speech acts</li> <li>3. The logical status of fictional discourse</li> <li>4. Metaphor</li> <li>5. Literal meaning</li> <li>6. Referential and attributive</li> <li>7. Speech acts and recent linguistics</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Jonas" title="Hans Jonas">Hans Jonas</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Imperative_of_Responsibility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Imperative of Responsibility (page does not exist)">The Imperative of Responsibility</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lovelock" title="James Lovelock">James Lovelock</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaia:_A_New_Look_at_Life_on_Earth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (page does not exist)">Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Albert" title="Hans Albert">Hans Albert</a>, <i>Das Elend der Theologie</i> (in German, not yet translated into English; 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Francois_Lyotard" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Francois Lyotard">Jean-Francois Lyotard</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Postmodern_Condition" title="The Postmodern Condition">The Postmodern Condition</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Bersani" title="Leo Bersani">Leo Bersani</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baudelaire_and_Freud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baudelaire and Freud (page does not exist)">Baudelaire and Freud</a></i> (1979)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_in_philosophy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>September 22 - <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Saviano" title="Roberto Saviano">Roberto Saviano</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_in_philosophy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>January 15 - <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Morris" title="Charles W. Morris">Charles W. Morris</a> (born 1901)</li> <li>March 14 - <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stevenson_(philosopher)" title="Charles Stevenson (philosopher)">Charles Stevenson</a> (born 1908)</li> <li>March 16 - <a href="/wiki/Jean_Monnet" title="Jean Monnet">Jean Monnet</a> (born 1888)</li> <li>May 8 - <a href="/wiki/Talcott_Parsons" title="Talcott Parsons">Talcott Parsons</a> (born 1902)</li> <li>July 29 - <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Herbert Marcuse</a> (born 1898)</li> <li>September 7 - <a href="/wiki/I._A._Richards" title="I. A. Richards">I. A. Richards</a> (born 1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Schatz" title="Paul Schatz">Paul Schatz</a> (unspecified)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_in_philosophy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSen" class="citation web cs1">Sen, Amartya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111115175509/http://www.tannerlectures.utah.edu/lectures/documents/sen80.pdf">"Equality of What? - The Tanner Lecture on Human Values"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tanner Humanities Center - The University of Utah. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tannerlectures.utah.edu/lectures/documents/sen80.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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