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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniyan%C4%B1n_%C4%B0stiqlal_B%C9%99y%C9%99nnam%C9%99si" title="Estoniyanın İstiqlal Bəyənnaməsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Estoniyanın İstiqlal Bəyənnaməsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Дэкларацыя незалежнасці Эстоніі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэкларацыя незалежнасці Эстоніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Дэклярацыя незалежнасьці Эстоніі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дэклярацыя незалежнасьці Эстоніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonsk%C3%A1_deklarace_nez%C3%A1vislosti" title="Estonská deklarace nezávislosti – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Estonská deklarace nezávislosti" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estlands_selvst%C3%A6ndighedserkl%C3%A6ring_(1918)" title="Estlands selvstændighedserklæring (1918) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Estlands selvstændighedserklæring (1918)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_an_alle_V%C3%B6lker_Estlands" title="Manifest an alle Völker Estlands – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Manifest an alle Völker Estlands" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_k%C3%B5igile_Eestimaa_rahvastele" title="Manifest kõigile Eestimaa rahvastele – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Manifest kõigile Eestimaa rahvastele" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BE%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Διακήρυξη της Ανεξαρτησίας της Εσθονίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διακήρυξη της Ανεξαρτησίας της Εσθονίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaraci%C3%B3n_de_Independencia_de_Estonia" title="Declaración de Independencia de Estonia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Declaración de Independencia de Estonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estona_Deklaro_de_Sendependo" title="Estona Deklaro de Sendependo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Estona Deklaro de Sendependo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اعلامیه استقلال استونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اعلامیه استقلال استونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9claration_d%27ind%C3%A9pendance_de_l%27Estonie" title="Déclaration d'indépendance de l'Estonie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Déclaration d'indépendance de l'Estonie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD_%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8%EC%84%9C" title="에스토니아 독립 선언서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스토니아 독립 선언서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%BC%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80_(1918)" title="Էստոնիայի անկախության հռչակագիր (1918) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էստոնիայի անկախության հռչակագիր (1918)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklaracija_o_neovisnosti_Estonije" title="Deklaracija o neovisnosti Estonije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Deklaracija o neovisnosti Estonije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklarasi_Kemerdekaan_Estonia" title="Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Estonia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichiarazione_d%27indipendenza_dell%27Estonia" title="Dichiarazione d'indipendenza dell'Estonia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dichiarazione d'indipendenza dell'Estonia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Эстонияны бойсунмаулугъуну декларациясы – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Эстонияны бойсунмаулугъуну декларациясы" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ესტონეთის დამოუკიდებლობის დეკლარაცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესტონეთის დამოუკიდებლობის დეკლარაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifests_visiem_Igaunijas_iedz%C4%ABvot%C4%81jiem" title="Manifests visiem Igaunijas iedzīvotājiem – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Manifests visiem Igaunijas iedzīvotājiem" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estijos_nepriklausomyb%C4%97s_deklaracija" title="Estijos nepriklausomybės deklaracija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Estijos nepriklausomybės deklaracija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Декларација за независност на Естонија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Декларација за независност на Естонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estse_Onafhankelijkheidsverklaring" title="Estse Onafhankelijkheidsverklaring – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Estse Onafhankelijkheidsverklaring" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esto%C5%84ska_deklaracja_niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci" title="Estońska deklaracja niepodległości – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Estońska deklaracja niepodległości" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declara%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Independ%C3%AAncia_da_Est%C3%B4nia" title="Declaração de Independência da Estônia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Declaração de Independência da Estônia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Декларация независимости Эстонии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Декларация независимости Эстонии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Декларација о независности Естоније – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Декларација о независности Естоније" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_narod%C4%81_Estonije" title="Manifest narodā Estonije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Manifest narodā Estonije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viron_itsen%C3%A4isyysjulistus" title="Viron itsenäisyysjulistus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viron itsenäisyysjulistus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya_Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ms%C4%B1zl%C4%B1k_Bildirgesi" title="Estonya Bağımsızlık Bildirgesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Estonya Bağımsızlık Bildirgesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97" title="Декларація незалежності Естонії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Декларація незалежності Естонії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuy%C3%AAn_ng%C3%B4n_%C4%91%E1%BB%99c_l%E1%BA%ADp_Estonia" title="Tuyên ngôn độc lập Estonia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tuyên ngôn độc lập Estonia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuulutamin%C3%B5_k%C3%B5igil%C3%B5_Eestimaa_rahvil%C3%B5" title="Kuulutaminõ kõigilõ Eestimaa rahvilõ – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kuulutaminõ kõigilõ Eestimaa rahvilõ" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" 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dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1918 declaration. For the 1988 declaration, see <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Sovereignty_Declaration" title="Estonian Sovereignty Declaration">Estonian Sovereignty Declaration</a>. For the 1991 declaration, see <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Restoration_of_Independence" title="Estonian Restoration of Independence">Estonian Restoration of Independence</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1918 founding act of the Republic of Estonia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Declaration_of_Estonian_independence_in_P%C3%A4rnu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Declaration_of_Estonian_independence_in_P%C3%A4rnu.jpg/220px-Declaration_of_Estonian_independence_in_P%C3%A4rnu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Declaration_of_Estonian_independence_in_P%C3%A4rnu.jpg/330px-Declaration_of_Estonian_independence_in_P%C3%A4rnu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Declaration_of_Estonian_independence_in_P%C3%A4rnu.jpg/440px-Declaration_of_Estonian_independence_in_P%C3%A4rnu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1540" /></a><figcaption>The tricolour <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Estonia" title="Flag of Estonia">flags of Estonia</a> were displayed during the first proclamation of the Declaration of Independence on 23 February 1918 in <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Estonian Declaration of Independence</b>, also known as the <b>Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>: <i lang="et">Manifest Eestimaa rahvastele</i>), is the founding act which established the independent democratic <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Republic of Estonia</a> on <b>24 February 1918</b>. Since then the 24 February has been celebrated as the Estonian <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Estonia)" title="Independence Day (Estonia)">Independence Day</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_day" title="National day">national day</a> of Estonia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eesti_Panga_vanem_hoone,_Estonia_puiestee,_13.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eesti_Panga_vanem_hoone%2C_Estonia_puiestee%2C_13.JPG/220px-Eesti_Panga_vanem_hoone%2C_Estonia_puiestee%2C_13.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eesti_Panga_vanem_hoone%2C_Estonia_puiestee%2C_13.JPG/330px-Eesti_Panga_vanem_hoone%2C_Estonia_puiestee%2C_13.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eesti_Panga_vanem_hoone%2C_Estonia_puiestee%2C_13.JPG/440px-Eesti_Panga_vanem_hoone%2C_Estonia_puiestee%2C_13.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>The bank building in central Tallinn where the 24 February 1918 Estonian Declaration of Independence was officially proclaimed.</figcaption></figure> <p>The declaration was drafted by the <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Committee">Salvation Committee</a> elected by the elders of the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Provincial_Assembly" title="Estonian Provincial Assembly">Estonian Provincial Assembly</a> and consisting of <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Konstantin Päts</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Vilms" title="Jüri Vilms">Jüri Vilms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Konik" title="Konstantin Konik">Konstantin Konik</a>. Originally intended to be proclaimed on 21 February 1918, the proclamation was delayed until the evening of 23 February, when the manifesto was printed and read out aloud publicly in <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a>. On the next day, 24 February 1918, the manifesto was printed and distributed in the capital, <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> (Reval).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, on 24 February 1918, in the capital city <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, between the retreating Russian <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">bolshevik</a> troops and the advancing German army (and the nearing <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Estonia_by_German_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Estonia by German Empire">occupation by the German Empire</a>), the Estonian Salvation Committee — the executive body of the democratically elected Provincial Assembly (<i><a href="/wiki/Maap%C3%A4ev" class="mw-redirect" title="Maapäev">Maapäev</a></i>) — declared the independence of Estonia. The declaration was made in the main hall of the local branch of the former imperial Russian state bank.<sup id="cite_ref-buildings_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buildings-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> did not recognise the newly declared "democratic republic of Estonia". However, after the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> in World War I in November 1918, Germany withdrew its troops from Estonia, and formally handed power in Estonia over to the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Provisional_Government" title="Estonian Provisional Government">Estonian Provisional Government</a> on 19 November 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolshevik</a> invasion and the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> followed. On 2 February 1920, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tartu_(Russian%E2%80%93Estonian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian)">Tartu Peace Treaty</a> was signed by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Estonia">Republic of Estonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Bolshevik Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Republic of Estonia obtained international recognition and became a member of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Declaration">The Declaration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Declaration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg/220px-Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="402" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg/330px-Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg/440px-Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1460" /></a><figcaption>Estonian Declaration of Independence</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Manifesto to the peoples of Estonia</b> </p><p>Never in the course of centuries have the Estonian people lost their ardent desire for independence. From generation to generation the secret hope has endured in Estonians that despite the dark night of servitude and violent rule by foreign peoples the time will come in Estonia "<a href="/wiki/Kalevipoeg#Influences" title="Kalevipoeg">when all splinters, at both end, will burst forth into flames" and when "Kalev will reach home to bring his children happiness</a>." </p><p><b>Now is the time.</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">An unheard-of struggle of nations</a> has destroyed the rotten foundations of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian tsarist state</a>. All over the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe" title="Eurasian Steppe">Sarmatian plains</a> ruinous anarchy is spreading, threatening to overwhelm in its wake all peoples living within the borders of the former Russian state. From the West the victorious armies of Germany <a href="/wiki/Operation_Faustschlag" title="Operation Faustschlag">are approaching</a> in order to claim their share of Russia's inheritance and, first of all, to take possession of the coastal lands by the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>. </p><p>In this fateful hour the Estonian Provincial Assembly, as the legal representative of our land and people, has, in unanimous agreement with Estonian democratic political parties and organizations, and by virtue of the right of <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> of peoples, found it necessary to take the following decisive steps to shape the destiny of Estonian land and people. </p><p><b>ESTONIA,</b> </p><p><b>within her historical and ethnic boundaries, is declared as of today an</b> </p><p><b>INDEPENDENT DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC.</b> </p><p>The independent Republic of Estonia shall include <a href="/wiki/Harjumaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harjumaa">Harjumaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Läänemaa">Läänemaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rvamaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Järvamaa">Järvamaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virumaa" title="Virumaa">Virumaa</a>, with the city of <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a> and its surroundings, <a href="/wiki/Tartumaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartumaa">Tartumaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5rumaa" title="Võrumaa">Võrumaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viljandimaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Viljandimaa">Viljandimaa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnumaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pärnumaa">Pärnumaa</a> with the Baltic islands of <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiiumaa" title="Hiiumaa">Hiiumaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhu" title="Muhu">Muhumaa</a>, and others where the Estonians have settled for ages in large majorities. Final determination of the boundaries of the Republic in the areas bordering on Latvia and Russia will be carried out by plebiscite after the conclusion of the present World War. </p><p>In the aforementioned areas the only supreme and organizing authority is the democratically supported <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Salvation_Committee" title="Estonian Salvation Committee">Estonian Salvation Committee</a> created by the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Provincial_Assembly" title="Estonian Provincial Assembly">Estonian Provincial Assembly</a>. </p><p>The Republic of Estonia wishes to maintain absolute political <a href="/wiki/Neutral_country" title="Neutral country">neutrality</a> towards all neighbouring states and peoples and expects that they will equally respond with complete neutrality. </p><p>Estonian military forces shall be reduced to the extent necessary to maintain internal order. Estonian soldiers serving in the Russian military forces will be called home and demobilized. </p><p>Until the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Constituent_Assembly" title="Estonian Constituent Assembly">Estonian Constituent Assembly</a>, elected by general, direct, secret, and proportional elections, will convene and determine the constitutional structure of the country, all executive and legislative authority will remain vested in the Estonian Provincial Assembly and in the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Provisional_Government" title="Estonian Provisional Government">Estonian Provisional Government</a> created by it, whose activities must be guided by the <b>following principles</b>: </p><p>1. All citizens of the <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Republic of Estonia</a>, irrespective of their religion, ethnic origin, and political views, shall enjoy equal protection under the law and courts of justice of the Republic. <br />2. Ethnic minorities residing within the borders of the Republic – <a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Estonia" title="Russians in Estonia">Russians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Germans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Swedes" title="Estonian Swedes">Swedes</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jews_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jews in Estonia">Jews</a>, and others – shall be guaranteed their rights to <a href="/wiki/Cultural_autonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural autonomy">cultural autonomy</a>. <br />3. All civic freedoms, such at the freedom of expression, of the press, of religion, of assembly, of association, and the freedom to strike as well as the inviolability of the individual and the home, shall be irrefutably effective within the territory of the Republic of Estonia and based on laws which the Government shall immediately work out. <br />4. The Provisional Government will be charged with the immediate organization of the courts of justice to protect the security of the citizens. All political prisoners shall be released immediately. <br />5. The city, county, and township local governments will be called upon to continue their work which has been violently interrupted. <br />6. For maintenance of public order, people's militia, subordinated to local governments, shall be immediately organized and citizens' self-defence organizations established in the cities and rural areas. <br />7. The <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Provisional_Government" title="Estonian Provisional Government">Provisional Government</a> in instructed to work out without delay, on a broad democratic basis, bills for the solution of the agrarian problem, and the problems of labor, of food supply, and of finances. </p><p><b>Estonia!</b> You stand on the threshold of a hopeful future in which you shall be free and independent in determining and directing your destiny. Begin building a home of your own, ruled by law and order in order to be a worthy member within the family of civilized nations. Sons and daughters of our homeland, let us unite as one man in the sacred task of building our homeland. The sweat and blood shed by our ancestors for this country oblige us to do it, and we must do it for the sake of our future generations. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mu_isamaa,_mu_%C3%B5nn_ja_r%C3%B5%C3%B5m" title="Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm">May God watch over Thee <br />And amply bless <br />Whatever thou undertake <br />My dear homeland!</a> </p><p><b>Long live the independent democratic Republic of Estonia!</b> </p><p><b>Long live peace among nations!</b> </p><p>The Council of Elders of the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Provincial_Assembly" title="Estonian Provincial Assembly">Estonian Provincial Assembly</a> </p> <p><br />February 24, 1918<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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(Estonia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Sovereignty_Declaration" title="Estonian Sovereignty Declaration">Estonian Sovereignty Declaration</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Estonica&rft.atitle=World+War+I&rft.date=2012-10-03&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=Reigo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FHistory%2F1914-1920_The_First_World_War_and_Estonian_independence%2FWorld_War_I%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEstonian+Declaration+of+Independence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenthal2012" class="citation web cs1">Rosenthal, Reigo (3 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/History/1914-1920_The_First_World_War_and_Estonian_independence/Estonian_War_of_Independence/">"Estonian War of Independence"</a>. <i>Estonica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170512040625/http://www.estonica.org/en/History/1914-1920_The_First_World_War_and_Estonian_independence/Estonian_War_of_Independence/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Estonica&rft.atitle=Estonian+War+of+Independence&rft.date=2012-10-03&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=Reigo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FHistory%2F1914-1920_The_First_World_War_and_Estonian_independence%2FEstonian_War_of_Independence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEstonian+Declaration+of+Independence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPajur2012" class="citation web cs1">Pajur, Ago (3 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/History/1920-1939_The_Republic_of_Estonia_between_the_two_World_Wars/Years_of_parliamentarian_democracy/">"Years of parliamentarian democracy"</a>. <i>Estonica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170531234953/http://www.estonica.org/en/History/1920-1939_The_Republic_of_Estonia_between_the_two_World_Wars/Years_of_parliamentarian_democracy/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Estonica&rft.atitle=Years+of+parliamentarian+democracy&rft.date=2012-10-03&rft.aulast=Pajur&rft.aufirst=Ago&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FHistory%2F1920-1939_The_Republic_of_Estonia_between_the_two_World_Wars%2FYears_of_parliamentarian_democracy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEstonian+Declaration+of+Independence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.president.ee/en/republic-of-estonia/declaration-of-independence/index.html">"Declaration of Independence"</a>. Office of the President of Estonia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Declaration+of+Independence&rft.pub=Office+of+the+President+of+Estonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.ee%2Fen%2Frepublic-of-estonia%2Fdeclaration-of-independence%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEstonian+Declaration+of+Independence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090522173844/http://www.president.ee/en/estonia/">Estonian Declaration of Independence, 24 February 1918</a> at www.president.ee</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitestonia.com/en/why-estonia/independence-day">February 24 – Estonia's Independence Day!</a> at Visit Estonia</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Livonian_Crusade" title="Livonian Crusade">Livonian Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Estonia_(1219%E2%80%931346)" title="Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346)">Danish Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana" title="Terra Mariana">German Bishoprics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Baltic Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Livonia" title="Duchy of Livonia">Polish Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_under_Swedish_rule" title="Estonia under Swedish rule">Swedish Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Estonia" title="Governorate of Estonia">Russian Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Livonia" title="Governorate of Livonia">Russian Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_national_awakening" title="Estonian national awakening">Age of Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Estonia during World War I">German occupation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_C%C4%93sis_(1919)" title="Battle of Cēsis (1919)">Battle of Võnnu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Estonia_(1920%E2%80%931939)" title="History of Estonia (1920–1939)">Interwar period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Silence" title="Era of Silence">Era of Silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of Estonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonian SSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_World_War_II" title="Estonia in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ants_Kaljurand" title="Ants Kaljurand">Ants Kaljurand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_partisans" title="Estonian partisans">Estonian partisans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations_from_Estonia" title="Soviet deportations from Estonia">Deportations</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_government-in-exile" title="Estonian government-in-exile">Government-in-exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Sovereignty_Declaration" title="Estonian Sovereignty Declaration">Declaration of sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Restoration_of_Independence" title="Estonian Restoration of Independence">Restoration of independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Estonia" title="Geography of Estonia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Estonia" title="Climate of Estonia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Estonia" title="Extreme points of Estonia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Estonia" title="List of mammals of Estonia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Estonia" title="List of islands of Estonia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Estonia" title="List of lakes of Estonia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populated_places_in_Estonia" title="Populated places in Estonia">Populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Estonia" title="Protected areas of Estonia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Estonia" title="List of rivers of Estonia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Estonia" title="List of cities and towns in Estonia">Towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Estonia" title="Politics of Estonia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Estonia" title="Counties of Estonia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Estonia" title="Constitution of Estonia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Estonia" title="Elections in Estonia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia" title="Foreign relations of Estonia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Estonia" title="Government of Estonia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Estonia" title="Human rights in Estonia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Estonia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Estonia" title="Law of Estonia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Police" title="Estonian Police">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Defence_Forces" title="Estonian Defence Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Estonia" title="List of political parties in Estonia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu"><i>Riigikogu</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(parliament)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Estonia" title="Supreme Court of Estonia">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Estonia" title="Economy of Estonia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Estonia" title="Agriculture in Estonia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Estonia" title="Bank of Estonia">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Residency_of_Estonia" title="E-Residency of Estonia">e-Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Estonia" title="Energy in Estonia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_in_Estonia" title="Oil shale in Estonia">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Tallinn" title="Nasdaq Tallinn">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Estonia" title="Taxation in Estonia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Estonia" title="Telecommunications in Estonia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Estonia" title="Tourism in Estonia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Estonia" title="Transport in Estonia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Estonia" title="Category:Society of Estonia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Estonia" title="Crime in Estonia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Estonia" title="Demographics of Estonia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Estonia" title="Education in Estonia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Estonia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Estonia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Estonia" title="Healthcare in Estonia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Estonia" title="Women in Estonia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Estonia" title="Culture of Estonia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mu_isamaa,_mu_%C3%B5nn_ja_r%C3%B5%C3%B5m" title="Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Estonia" title="Architecture of Estonia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Estonia" title="Beer in Estonia">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Estonia" title="Cinema of 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