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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Energy plan and targets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_plan_and_targets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Energy security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Energy types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Energy_types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Energy types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Energy_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Renewable_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewable_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Renewable energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewable_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biomass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biomass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Biomass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biomass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wind" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wind"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Wind</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wind-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Solar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Hydro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fossil_fuels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fossil_fuels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fossil fuels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fossil_fuels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oil-shale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil-shale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Oil-shale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil-shale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Natural gas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electricity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Electricity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nergie_en_Estonie" title="Énergie en Estonie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Énergie en Estonie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D4%B7%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Էստոնիայի Էներգետիկա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էստոնիայի Էներգետիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ესტონეთის ენერგეტიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესტონეთის ენერგეტიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Энергетика Эстонии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энергетика Эстонии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_Virossa" title="Energia Virossa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Energia Virossa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li 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id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Finland" title="Energy in Finland">Finland</a> and Estonia are two of the last countries in the world still <a href="/wiki/Peat_energy_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Peat energy in Finland">burning peat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estonia has set a target of 100% of electricity production from renewable sources by 2030<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and climate neutrality by 2050.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to geopolitical tensions, Estonia reduced its reliance on Russian energy sources by halting imports of Russian pipeline gas in April 2022 and banning all Russian natural gas and oil product imports, including <a href="/wiki/LNG" class="mw-redirect" title="LNG">LNG</a>, by September 2022. In December 2022, Estonia reinforced its stance by prohibiting the purchase and transfer of crude oil and oil products from Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <caption><b>2020 energy statistics</b><sup id="cite_ref-wor20_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wor20-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Production capacities for electricity<br />(billion kWh) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Type</th> <th>Amount </th></tr> <tr> <td>Fossil fuel</td> <td>3.29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biomass</td> <td>1.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wind power</td> <td>0.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Solar</td> <td>0.12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hydro</td> <td>0.04 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total</th> <th>5.90 </th></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td width="15em">      </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Electricity<br />(billion kWh) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Category</th> <th>Amount </th></tr> <tr> <td>Consumption</td> <td>9.17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Production</td> <td>5.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Import</td> <td>7.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Export</td> <td>3.72 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td width="15em">      </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Crude Oil<br />(barrels per day) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Consumption</td> <td>27,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Production</td> <td>21,800 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td width="15em">      </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Natural Gas<br />(billion m<sup>3</sup>) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Consumption</td> <td>0.417 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Import</td> <td>0.417 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>CO<sub>2</sub> emissions:</b><br />7.12 million tons </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_plan_and_targets">Energy plan and targets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Energy plan and targets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Energy and Climate Plan published in 2019 aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% by 2030 and by 80% by 2050. Renewable energy must be at least 42%, with a target of 16 TWh in 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plan was changed in October 2022, when Estonia set a target date of 2030 to generate 100% electricity from renewables.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Energy_Agency" title="International Energy Agency">International Energy Agency</a>'s (IEA) 2023 Energy Review Policy, Estonia's energy strategy aims to achieve <a href="/wiki/Climate_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate neutrality">climate neutrality</a> by 2050. One of the primary objectives outlined is the attainment of 100% <a href="/wiki/Renewable_electricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable electricity">renewable electricity</a> by 2030. This commitment is supported by a comprehensive set of policy frameworks, including the Energy Sector Development Plan until 2030 and the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP). Estonia revised its NECP in June 2023 to align with the European Climate Law, the <a href="/wiki/Fit_for_55" title="Fit for 55">Fit-for-55</a> package, and <a href="/wiki/REPowerEU" title="REPowerEU">REPowerEU</a>, with finalization expected in 2024. Additionally, Estonia has recently established a <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Climate_(Estonia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Climate (Estonia)">Ministry of Climate</a>, which oversees various sectors, including energy, and is responsible for executing the green transition, formulating climate policy, promoting cleaner technologies, and conserving the environment.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_security">Energy security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Energy security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amidst geopolitical tensions, Estonia took decisive action to reduce its reliance on Russian energy sources, particularly in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Previously heavily dependent on Russian imports for natural gas and oil products, Estonia ceased importing Russian pipeline gas in April 2022 and implemented a ban on all imports and purchases of Russian natural gas, including <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">liquefied natural gas</a> (LNG), in September 2022. In December 2022, Estonia further reinforced its stance by prohibiting the purchase and transfer of crude oil and oil products from Russia. To address its energy needs, Estonia now relies on pipeline connections to LNG terminals in <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipeda</a>, Lithuania, and the new <a href="/wiki/Inkoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkoo">Inkoo</a> LNG terminal in Finland. <a href="/wiki/Eesti_Gaas" title="Eesti Gaas">Eesti Gaas</a>, the main gas supplier, has secured deals to bring LNG cargoes from these terminals by autumn 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_types">Energy types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Energy types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renewable_energy">Renewable energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Renewable energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Estonia" title="Wind power in Estonia">Wind power in Estonia</a></div><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Renewable_Energy_Agency" title="International Renewable Energy Agency">International Renewable Energy Agency</a> (IRENA), in 2020, renewable energy accounted for 32% of Estonia's Total Energy Supply (TES). The composition of this renewable energy mix was heavily dominated by bioenergy, which represented 93% of renewables. Wind energy made a 5% contribution, and hydro and marine sources combined for 2%, with solar energy having a minimal impact.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="wikitable"> <caption>Years in which the last three renewable power levels achieved </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Achievement</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Achievement</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Achievement</th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr> <td>30%</td> <td>2019</td> <td>35%</td> <td>2020</td> <td>40%</td> <td>2020<sup id="cite_ref-wor20_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wor20-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biomass">Biomass</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Biomass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2020, biomass constituted 29.8% of Estonia's Total Energy Supply (TES). This figure was derived from the renewable energy sector's 32% contribution to the TES, with biomass making up 93% of the renewable energy mix.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wind">Wind</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wind"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wind power had a capacity of 320MW in 2020 however investment continues with a €200m 255MW Sopi-Tootsi wind project planned to be operational by 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solar">Solar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Solar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solar power has received investment since 2014. In 2022, Estonian solar power plants produced 2,569 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of renewable energy. 26 million euros were paid in subsidies for electricity produced via solar power in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hydro">Hydro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hydro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 2022, <a href="/wiki/Eesti_Energia" title="Eesti Energia">Eesti Energia</a> announced the start of development for Estonia's first pumped-storage <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric power plant">hydroelectric power plant</a> (PSH). The project is located in the Estonia Mine industrial area in <a href="/wiki/Ida-Virumaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Virumaa">Ida-Virumaa</a> and aims to become operational by 2026. Designed to utilize mining residues and closed oil shale mining tunnels, the project has a planned capacity of 225 MW. It aims to enhance energy security and the stability of the power network, particularly in anticipation of Estonia's planned disconnection from the Russian energy system. The plant is expected to act as a significant energy storage unit, facilitating the integration of renewable energy into the grid.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fossil_fuels">Fossil fuels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fossil fuels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oil-shale">Oil-shale</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Oil-shale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_in_Estonia" title="Oil shale in Estonia">Oil shale in Estonia</a></div> <p>Oil-shale powered generators in 2019 accounted for 70% of electricity generation in Estonia.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original target to reduce production from oil-shale was 2035 with production ceasing by 2040, has been changed to ceasing oil-shale production by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 2018 and 2022 oil-shale extraction and use reduced by 50%.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The country's reliance on oil shale has decreased but remains its primary energy source. Between 2011 and 2021, the share of oil shale dropped from 71% to 60% in total energy supply and from 85% to 48% in electricity generation, rebounding to 57% in 2022. This reduction improved Estonia's <a href="/wiki/Carbon_intensity" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon intensity">carbon intensity</a>, dropping it from the 3rd highest in the IEA in 2017 to the 18th highest in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Natural_gas">Natural gas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Natural gas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estonia has the Balticconnector pipeline, which links Estonia with Finland. </p><p>In April 2022 Estonia reduced gas imports from Russia and on 29 September 2022 Estonia banned buying natural gas from Russia. Work began on LNG facilities at <a href="/wiki/Paldiski" title="Paldiski">Paldiski</a> which was completed in October 2022 and increased transmission capacities in existing interconnection points.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2022 a floating LNG terminal became operational in Finland which connects to Estonia.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electricity">Electricity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Electricity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Estonia" title="Electricity sector in Estonia">Electricity sector in Estonia</a></div> <p>Electricity production in Estonia is largely dependent on fossil fuels. In 2007, more than 90% of power was generated from <a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_in_Estonia" title="Oil shale in Estonia">oil shale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Estonian energy company <a href="/wiki/Eesti_Energia" title="Eesti Energia">Eesti Energia</a> owns the largest <a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">oil shale</a>-fuelled power plants in the world, <a href="/wiki/Narva_Power_Plants" title="Narva Power Plants">Narva Power Plants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two <a href="/wiki/Estlink" title="Estlink">submarine power cables from Finland</a>, with combined rated power of 1000 MW. </p><p>Estonia's all-time peak consumption is 1591 MW (in 2021).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was agreed in 2018 that Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania will connect to the European Union's electricity system and desynchronize from the Russian BRELL power system, this is expected to be completed by February 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An interconnector linking the Lithuania with Poland is to be built, called the <i>Harmony Link Interconnector</i> which will be instrumental in stabilising the new system.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A back up plan, should Russia disconnect the Baltic states before 2025, would enable a connection to the European grid to be completed within 24 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport_sector">Transport sector</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Transport sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2013, Estonia had a network of 165 fast chargers for electric cars (for a population of 1.3 million).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (May 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> This grew to 400 in 2022. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Latvia" title="Energy in Latvia">Energy in Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Lithuania" title="Energy in Lithuania">Energy in Lithuania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span 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2022-08-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Enefit&rft.atitle=Eesti+Energia+is+preparing+the+construction+of+a+pumped-storage+hydroelectric+power+plant+to+help+ensure+energy+security&rft.date=2022-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.energia.ee%2Fen%2Fuudised%2Favaleht%2F-%2Fnewsv2%2F2022%2F08%2F09%2Feesti-energia-valmistab-ette-energiajulgeolekut-tagada-aitava-pumphudroelektrijaama-ehitust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/regional/RO2021%20Estonia.pdf">"Regional Outlook 2021 - Country notes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Outlook+2021+-+Country+notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fregional%2FRO2021%2520Estonia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/whats-new/newsroom/10-10-2022-eu-cohesion-policy-eur354-million-for-estonia-to-phase-out-oil-shale-in-energy-production_en">"EU Cohesion Policy: €354 million for Estonia to phase out oil shale in energy production"</a>. 10 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EU+Cohesion+Policy%3A+%E2%82%AC354+million+for+Estonia+to+phase+out+oil+shale+in+energy+production&rft.date=2022-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fregional_policy%2Fwhats-new%2Fnewsroom%2F10-10-2022-eu-cohesion-policy-eur354-million-for-estonia-to-phase-out-oil-shale-in-energy-production_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://investinestonia.com/estonia-to-use-100-renewable-energy-by-2030/">"Estonia to use 100% renewable energy by 2030"</a>. October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estonia+to+use+100%25+renewable+energy+by+2030&rft.date=2022-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvestinestonia.com%2Festonia-to-use-100-renewable-energy-by-2030%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vm.ee/en/news/estonia-imposes-ban-natural-gas-imports-and-purchases-russia">"Estonia imposes a ban on natural gas imports and purchases from Russia"</a>. 29 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estonia+imposes+a+ban+on+natural+gas+imports+and+purchases+from+Russia&rft.date=2022-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vm.ee%2Fen%2Fnews%2Festonia-imposes-ban-natural-gas-imports-and-purchases-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.err.ee/1608770026/paldiski-lng-terminal-dock-completed-ahead-of-schedule">"Paldiski LNG terminal dock completed ahead of schedule"</a>. 28 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paldiski+LNG+terminal+dock+completed+ahead+of+schedule&rft.date=2022-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.err.ee%2F1608770026%2Fpaldiski-lng-terminal-dock-completed-ahead-of-schedule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2022/12/28/finland-opens-floating-liquified-natural-gas-terminal-to-replace-russian-supply">"Finland opens floating liquified natural gas terminal to replace Russian supply"</a>. 28 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finland+opens+floating+liquified+natural+gas+terminal+to+replace+Russian+supply&rft.date=2022-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2022%2F12%2F28%2Ffinland-opens-floating-liquified-natural-gas-terminal-to-replace-russian-supply&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francu, Juraj; Harvie, Barbra; Laenen, Ben; Siirde, Andres; Veiderma, Mihkel <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.easac.org/fileadmin/PDF_s/reports_statements/Study.pdf">A study on the EU oil shale industry viewed in the light of the Estonian experience. A report by EASAC to the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy of the European Parliament</a> European Academies Science Advisory Council. pp. 14–15; 45. May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirj.ee/public/oilshale/oil-2007-1-1.pdf">"Oil Shale Energetics in Estonia</a> Liive, Sandor (2007) Oil Shale. A Scientific-technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers) 24 (1): 1–4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elering.ee/en/electricity-consumption-and-production">"Electricity consumption and production"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electricity+consumption+and+production&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felering.ee%2Fen%2Felectricity-consumption-and-production&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2023/08/03/baltic-countries-strike-deal-to-disconnect-from-russian-power-grid-earlier-than-expected">"Baltic countries strike deal to disconnect from Russian power grid earlier than expected"</a>. 3 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baltic+countries+strike+deal+to+disconnect+from+Russian+power+grid+earlier+than+expected&rft.date=2023-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2Fmy-europe%2F2023%2F08%2F03%2Fbaltic-countries-strike-deal-to-disconnect-from-russian-power-grid-earlier-than-expected&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rigzone.com/news/baltic_states_vow_before_eu_to_delink_from_russian_grid_by_february_2025-25-dec-2023-175151-article/">"Baltic States Vow before EU to Delink from Russian Grid by February 2025"</a>. 25 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baltic+States+Vow+before+EU+to+Delink+from+Russian+Grid+by+February+2025&rft.date=2023-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rigzone.com%2Fnews%2Fbaltic_states_vow_before_eu_to_delink_from_russian_grid_by_february_2025-25-dec-2023-175151-article%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/next/2023/09/16/the-high-speed-railway-thats-uncoupling-the-baltic-states-from-russia-and-their-soviet-pas">"The high-speed railway that's uncoupling the Baltic states from Russia and their Soviet past"</a>. 16 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+high-speed+railway+that%27s+uncoupling+the+Baltic+states+from+Russia+and+their+Soviet+past&rft.date=2023-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2Fnext%2F2023%2F09%2F16%2Fthe-high-speed-railway-thats-uncoupling-the-baltic-states-from-russia-and-their-soviet-pas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/feb/20/estonia-electric-car-charging-network">Estonia launches national electric car charging network</a> The Guardian 20 February 2013</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Estonia" title="History of Estonia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Estonian_history" title="Timeline of Estonian history">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Estonia" title="List of wars involving Estonia">list of wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Estonia" title="Ancient Estonia">Ancient Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Crusade" title="Livonian Crusade">Livonian Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Estonia_(1219%E2%80%931346)" title="Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346)">Danish Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana" title="Terra Mariana">German Bishoprics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Baltic Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Livonia" title="Duchy of Livonia">Polish Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_under_Swedish_rule" title="Estonia under Swedish rule">Swedish Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Estonia" title="Governorate of Estonia">Russian Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Livonia" title="Governorate of Livonia">Russian Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_national_awakening" title="Estonian national awakening">Age of Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Estonia during World War I">German occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Estonian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_C%C4%93sis_(1919)" title="Battle of Cēsis (1919)">Battle of Võnnu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Estonia_(1920%E2%80%931939)" title="History of Estonia (1920–1939)">Interwar period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Silence" title="Era of Silence">Era of Silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of Estonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonian SSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_World_War_II" title="Estonia in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ants_Kaljurand" title="Ants Kaljurand">Ants Kaljurand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_partisans" title="Estonian partisans">Estonian partisans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations_from_Estonia" title="Soviet deportations from Estonia">Deportations</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_government-in-exile" title="Estonian government-in-exile">Government-in-exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Sovereignty_Declaration" title="Estonian Sovereignty Declaration">Declaration of sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Restoration_of_Independence" title="Estonian Restoration of Independence">Restoration of independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Estonia" title="Geography of Estonia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Estonia" title="Climate of Estonia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Estonia" title="Extreme points of Estonia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Estonia" title="List of mammals of Estonia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Estonia" title="List of islands of Estonia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Estonia" title="List of lakes of Estonia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populated_places_in_Estonia" title="Populated places in Estonia">Populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Estonia" title="Protected areas of Estonia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Estonia" title="List of rivers of Estonia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Estonia" title="List of cities and towns in Estonia">Towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Estonia" title="Politics of Estonia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Estonia" title="Counties of Estonia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Estonia" title="Constitution of Estonia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Estonia" title="Elections in Estonia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia" title="Foreign relations of Estonia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Estonia" title="Government of Estonia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Estonia" title="Human rights in Estonia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Estonia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Estonia" title="Law of Estonia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Police" title="Estonian Police">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Defence_Forces" title="Estonian Defence Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Estonia" title="List of political parties in Estonia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu"><i>Riigikogu</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(parliament)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Estonia" title="Supreme Court of Estonia">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Estonia" title="Economy of Estonia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Estonia" title="Agriculture in Estonia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Estonia" title="Bank of Estonia">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Residency_of_Estonia" title="E-Residency of Estonia">e-Residency</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_in_Estonia" title="Oil shale in Estonia">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Tallinn" title="Nasdaq Tallinn">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Estonia" title="Taxation in Estonia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Estonia" title="Telecommunications in Estonia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Estonia" title="Tourism in Estonia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Estonia" title="Transport in Estonia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Estonia" title="Category:Society of Estonia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Estonia" title="Crime in Estonia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Estonia" title="Demographics of Estonia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Estonia" title="Education in Estonia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Estonia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Estonia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Estonia" title="Healthcare in Estonia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Estonia" title="Women in Estonia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Estonia" title="Culture of Estonia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mu_isamaa,_mu_%C3%B5nn_ja_r%C3%B5%C3%B5m" title="Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Estonia" title="Architecture of Estonia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Estonia" title="Beer in Estonia">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Estonia" title="Cinema of Estonia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia" title="Coat of arms of Estonia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Estonian_given_names" title="Category:Estonian given names">Estonian names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_flags" title="List of Estonian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_folklore" title="Estonian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Estonia" title="Internet in Estonia">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Estonia" title="Languages of Estonia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_literature" title="Estonian literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABD_ehk_Luggemise-Ramat_Lastele" title="ABD ehk Luggemise-Ramat Lastele"><i>ABD</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalevipoeg" title="Kalevipoeg"><i>Kalevipoeg</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Estonia" title="Mass media in Estonia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Estonia" title="Music of Estonia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_mythology" title="Estonian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Estonia" title="Name of Estonia">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Estonia" title="National symbols of Estonia">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Estonia" title="List of newspapers in Estonia">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Estonia" title="Public holidays in Estonia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Estonia" title="List of radio stations in Estonia">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Estonia" title="Sport in Estonia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Estonia" title="Television in Estonia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Estonia" title="Theatre of Estonia">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Estonia" title="Outline of Estonia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Estonia-related_articles" title="Index of Estonia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Estonia" title="Category:Estonia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Estonia" title="Portal:Estonia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Energy_in_Europe122" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Energy_in_Europe122" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Europe" title="Energy in Europe">Energy in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Armenia" title="Energy in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Austria" title="Energy in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Azerbaijan" title="Energy in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Belarus" title="Energy in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Belgium" title="Energy in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bulgaria" title="Energy in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Croatia" title="Energy in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cyprus" title="Energy in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Energy in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Denmark" title="Energy in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Finland" title="Energy in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_France" title="Energy in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Energy in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Germany" title="Energy in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Greece" title="Energy in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Hungary" title="Energy in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Iceland" title="Energy in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Kazakhstan" title="Energy in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Latvia" title="Energy in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Liechtenstein" title="Energy in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Lithuania" title="Energy in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Luxembourg" title="Energy in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Malta" title="Energy in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Moldova" title="Energy in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Monaco" title="Energy in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Netherlands" title="Energy in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Norway" title="Energy in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Poland" title="Energy in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Portugal" title="Energy in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Romania" title="Energy in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" title="Energy in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Serbia" title="Energy in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Slovakia" title="Energy in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Slovenia" title="Energy in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Spain" title="Energy in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Sweden" title="Energy in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Turkey" title="Energy in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ukraine" title="Energy in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Energy in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Energy_policy_of_Europe128" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Energy_policy_of_Europe128" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Europe">Energy policy of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Albania (page does not exist)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Belgium" title="Energy policy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Croatia (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Denmark (page does not exist)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Finland" title="Energy policy of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of France (page does not exist)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Greece (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of the Republic of Ireland (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Italy (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Poland (page does not exist)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Portugal (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Romania" title="Energy policy of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Russia" title="Energy policy of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Spain (page does not exist)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy policy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&oldid=1227178689">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Estonia&oldid=1227178689</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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