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</li> <li id="toc-Autonomy:_advances_and_reversals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autonomy:_advances_and_reversals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Autonomy: advances and reversals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autonomy:_advances_and_reversals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Under_Hyder_Ali_and_Tipu_Sultan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_Hyder_Ali_and_Tipu_Sultan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_Hyder_Ali_and_Tipu_Sultan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Princely_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Princely_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Princely state </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Princely_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Under_Hyder_Ali_and_Tipu_Sultan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_Hyder_Ali_and_Tipu_Sultan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_Hyder_Ali_and_Tipu_Sultan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Under_British_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_British_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Under British rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_British_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Society </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology_in_Mysore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology_in_Mysore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Science and technology in Mysore </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Science_and_technology_in_Mysore-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Science and technology in Mysore subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology_in_Mysore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rocket_science_&_rocket_artillery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rocket_science_&_rocket_artillery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Rocket science & rocket artillery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rocket_science_&_rocket_artillery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipu's_Tiger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipu's_Tiger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Tipu's Tiger </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipu's_Tiger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Kingdom of Mysore</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" > 50 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مملكة ميسور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة ميسور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maysur_%C9%99mirliyi" title="Maysur əmirliyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maysur əmirliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="میسور شاهلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="میسور شاهلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="মহীশূর রাজ্য – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহীশূর রাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysore_%C3%94ng-kok" title="Mysore Ông-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mysore Ông-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="मैसूर राज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैसूर राज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Майсор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Майсор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouantelezh_Maisor" title="Rouantelezh Maisor – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rouantelezh Maisor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regne_de_Mysore" title="Regne de Mysore – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regne de Mysore" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mais%C3%BArsk%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Maisúrské království – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maisúrské království" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongeriget_Mysore" title="Kongeriget Mysore – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kongeriget Mysore" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysore_(Staat)" title="Mysore (Staat) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mysore (Staat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Mysore" title="Reino de Mysore – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino de Mysore" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majsura_re%C4%9Dlando" title="Majsura reĝlando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Majsura reĝlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysoreko_erresuma" title="Mysoreko erresuma – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mysoreko erresuma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="پادشاهی میسور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادشاهی میسور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_de_Mysore" title="Royaume de Mysore – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royaume de Mysore" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%86%8C%EB%A5%B4_%EC%99%95%EA%B5%AD" title="마이소르 왕국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이소르 왕국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="मैसूर का साम्राज्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैसूर का साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Mysore" title="Kerajaan Mysore – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajaan Mysore" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_di_Mysore" title="Regno di Mysore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno di Mysore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8" title="ממלכת מייסור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלכת מייסור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಮೈಸೂರು ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೈಸೂರು ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="მაისურის სამეფო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაისურის სამეფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisz%C3%BAri_Kir%C3%A1lys%C3%A1g" title="Maiszúri Királyság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Maiszúri Királyság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="മൈസൂർ രാജ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൈസൂർ രാജ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मैसूर संस्थान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मैसूर संस्थान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Mysore" title="Kerajaan Mysore – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kerajaan Mysore" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koninkrijk_Mysore" title="Koninkrijk Mysore – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koninkrijk Mysore" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="マイソール王国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイソール王国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konged%C3%B8mmet_Mysore" title="Kongedømmet Mysore – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kongedømmet Mysore" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maysur" title="Maysur – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maysur" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਮੈਸੂਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਸੂਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="سلطنت خداداد میسور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سلطنت خداداد میسور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majsur" title="Majsur – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Majsur" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" 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href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="मैसूरु राज्यम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मैसूरु राज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="මයිසූර් රාජධානිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මයිසූර් රාජධානිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kingdom of Mysore" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysoren_kuningaskunta" title="Mysoren kuningaskunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mysoren kuningaskunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysore_(furstend%C3%B6me)" title="Mysore (furstendöme) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mysore (furstendöme)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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(князівство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="سلطنت خداداد میسور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلطنت خداداد میسور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_Mysore" title="Vương quốc Mysore – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương quốc Mysore" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country 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.ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Kingdom of Mysore</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1399–1950</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of"><img alt="Coat of arms of" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore.svg/85px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore.svg/128px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore.svg/170px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="548" /></a></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: "<a href="/wiki/Kayo_Shri_Gowri" title="Kayo Shri Gowri">Kāyou Śrī Gowrī</a>" (1868–1950) (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: "Great <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Gowrī (Parvati)</a>")<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg/250px-Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg/375px-Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg/500px-Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1639" data-file-height="1852" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  The Kingdom of Mysore at its greatest extent in 1784 under <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Kingdom (Subordinate to <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> until 1565) under a <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_alliance" title="Subsidiary alliance">subsidiary alliance</a> with the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British Crown</a> from 1799 <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely state</a> under the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British Crown</a> from 1831</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> (official and <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> (official from 1761 to 1799)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Deccani_Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccani Urdu">Deccani Urdu</a> (language of the nobility from 1761 to 1799)<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mysorean</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Mysore" title="Maharaja of Mysore">Maharaja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1399–1423 (first) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yaduraya_Wodeyar" title="Yaduraya Wodeyar">Yaduraya Wodeyar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1940–1950 (last) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jayachamarajendra_Wadiyar" title="Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar">Jayachamaraja Wodeyar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1761-1782 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1782-1799 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_of_Mysore" title="Dewan of Mysore">Dewan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1782–1811 (first) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Purnaiah" title="Purnaiah">Purnaiah</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1946–1949 (last) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arcot_Ramasamy_Mudaliar" title="Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar">Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1926-1941 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ismail" title="Mirza Ismail">Mirza Ismail</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1399</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Earliest records </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1551</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1767–1799</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Maratha%E2%80%93Mysore_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha–Mysore War">Maratha–Mysore War</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1759–1787</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Accession to India</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1950</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> Preceded by</td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;">Succeeded by </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore State</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Kingdom of Mysore was a geopolitical realm in <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">southern India</a> founded in around 1399<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> in the vicinity of the modern-day city of <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a> and prevailed until 1950. The territorial boundaries and the form of government transmuted substantially throughout the kingdom's lifetime. While originally a feudal vassal under the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>, it became a <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> in <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> from 1799 to 1947, marked in-between by major political changes. The kingdom, which was founded and ruled for the most part by the <a href="/wiki/Wadiyar_dynasty" title="Wadiyar dynasty">Wadiyars</a>, initially served as a feudal vassal under the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> With the gradual decline of the Empire, the 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Timmaraja_Wodeyar_II" title="Timmaraja Wodeyar II">Timmaraja Wodeyar II</a> declared independence from it. The 17th century saw a steady expansion of its territory and, during the rules of <a href="/wiki/Kanthirava_Narasaraja_I" title="Kanthirava Narasaraja I">Narasaraja Wodeyar I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chikka_Devaraja" title="Chikka Devaraja">Devaraja Wodeyar II</a>, the kingdom annexed large expanses of what is now southern Karnataka and parts of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, becoming a formidable power in the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a>. During a brief <a href="/wiki/Muslim_period_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent">Muslim rule</a> from 1761 to 1799, the kingdom became a <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultanate</a> under <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu</a>, often referring to it as Sultanat-e-Khudadad (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr> God gifted empire).<a href="#cite_note-Yazdani-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Simmons-7">[6]</a> During this time, it came into conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Confederacy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Travancore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Travancore">Kingdom of Travancore</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a>, culminating in four <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a>. Mysore's success in the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First Anglo-Mysore war</a> and a stalemate in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second</a> were followed by defeats in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth</a>. Following Tipu's death in the Fourth War during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Seringapatam_(1799)" title="Siege of Seringapatam (1799)">Siege of Seringapatam</a>, large parts of his kingdom were annexed by the British, which signalled the end of a period of Tipu over South India. Power returned absolutely to the Wadiyars when <a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wodeyar_III" title="Krishnaraja Wodeyar III">Krishnaraja Wodeyar III</a> became king. In 1831, the British took direct control of the kingdom and a <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Commission" title="Mysore Commission">commission</a> administered it until 1881.<a href="#cite_note-hist5-8">[7]</a> Through an instrument of rendition, power was once again transferred to the Wadiyars in 1881, when <a href="/wiki/Chamarajendra_Wadiyar_X" title="Chamarajendra Wadiyar X">Chamaraja Wadiyar X</a> was made king. In 1913, in lieu of the instrument, a proper <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_alliance" title="Subsidiary alliance">subsidiary alliance</a> was struck with the kingdom during Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Raja_Wadiyar_IV" title="Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV">Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV</a>. Upon <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">India's independence</a> from the Crown rule in 1947, the Kingdom of Mysore was ceded to the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Union of India</a>. Upon accession, it became <a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore State</a>, later uniting with other <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> speaking regions to form the present-day <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> state. Soon after Independence, Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Jayachamarajendra_Wadiyar" title="Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar">Jayachamaraja Wadiyar</a> was made <a href="/wiki/Rajapramukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajapramukh">Rajapramukh</a> until 1956, when he became the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Karnataka" title="List of governors of Karnataka">governor</a> of the enlarged state. Even as a princely state, Mysore came to be counted among the more developed and urbanised regions of South Asia. The period since the penultimate restoration (1799–1947) also saw Mysore emerge as one of the important centres of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mysore" title="Culture of Mysore">art and culture</a> in India. The <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Mysore" title="Maharaja of Mysore">maharajas of Mysore</a> were not only accomplished exponents of the fine arts and men of letters, they were enthusiastic patrons as well. Their legacies continue to influence music and the arts even today, as well as <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rocket science</a> with the use of <a href="/wiki/Mysorean_rockets" title="Mysorean rockets">Mysorean rockets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="border: 4px double #e86d10;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;">This article is part of a series about the Kingdom of Mysore</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li></ul> <hr /> Ruling families <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadiyar_dynasty" title="Wadiyar dynasty">Wadiyar dynasty</a></li></ul> <hr /> Ruling titles <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Mysore" title="Maharaja of Mysore">Maharaja of Mysore</a></li></ul> <hr /> Capitals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> ( Summer residence)</li></ul> <hr /> Overlords <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> (1399 - 1646)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> (1857 - 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Indian Union</a> (1947 - 1950)</li></ul> <hr /> Prime ministers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_of_Mysore" title="Dewan of Mysore">Dewan of Mysore</a></li></ul> <hr /> Alliance <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France_(1791%E2%80%9392)" title="Kingdom of France (1791–92)">French Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Related</li></ul> <hr /> Famous leaders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wodeyar_III" title="Krishnaraja Wodeyar III">Krishnaraja Wodeyar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarajendra_Wadiyar_X" title="Chamarajendra Wadiyar X">Chamarajendra Wadiyar X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wadiyar_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV">Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayachamarajendra_Wadiyar" title="Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar">Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanteerava_Narasimharaja_Wadiyar" title="Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar">Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempananjammanni_Devi" title="Kempananjammanni Devi">Kempananjammanni Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Visvesvaraya" title="M. Visvesvaraya">M. Visvesvaraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ismail" title="Mirza Ismail">Mirza Ismail</a></li></ul> Arts and culture during Mysore Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_painting" title="Mysore painting">Mysore painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mysore" title="Culture of Mysore">Mysorean culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_style" title="Mysore style">Mysore Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Society of the Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_literature_in_Kannada" title="Mysore literature in Kannada">Mysore literature in Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicians_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Musicians of the Kingdom of Mysore">Musicians of the Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Mysore Dasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a></li></ul> Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Administration of the Kingdom of Mysore">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Economy of the Kingdom of Mysore">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Commission" title="Mysore Commission">Mysore Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempananjammani_Devi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kempananjammani Devi">Vani Vilas Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wadiyar_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV">Golden Era of Mysore Kingdom</a></li></ul> Famous events and moments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Origin of the Kingdom of Mysore">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha%E2%80%93Mysore_wars" title="Maratha–Mysore wars">Maratha–Mysore wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysorean_invasion_of_Malabar" title="Mysorean invasion of Malabar">Invasion of Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_invasion_of_Chirakkal" title="Mysore invasion of Chirakkal">Invasion of Chirakkal</a></li></ul> Mysore Brand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_silk" title="Mysore silk">Mysore silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Agarbathi" title="Mysore Agarbathi">Mysore Incense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Sandal_Soap" title="Mysore Sandal Soap">Mysore Sandal Soap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Sandalwood_Oil" title="Mysore Sandalwood Oil">Mysore Sandalwood Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_betel_leaf" title="Mysore betel leaf">Mysore Betels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmine_in_Karnataka" title="Jasmine in Karnataka">Mysore Jasmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Peta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Peta">Mysore Turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Paints_and_Varnish_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited">Mysore Paints, Mysore Inks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_pak" title="Mysore pak">Mysore Pak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Rosewood_Inlay" title="Mysore Rosewood Inlay">Mysore Rosewood Inlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysorean_rockets" title="Mysorean rockets">Mysorean rockets</a></li></ul> Mysore Kingdom landmarks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Palace" title="Mysore Palace">Mysore Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Zoo" title="Mysore Zoo">Mysore Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Raja_Sagara" title="Krishna Raja Sagara">Krishna Raja Sagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Pete" title="Bengaluru Pete">Bangalore Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_attractions_in_Mysore" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourist attractions in Mysore">Mysore City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Heritage_Buildings_in_Mysore" title="List of Heritage Buildings in Mysore">List of Heritage Buildings in Mysore</a></li></ul> Mysore era firms and organisations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Paper_Mills" title="Mysore Paper Mills">Mysore Paper Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_State_Railway" title="Mysore State Railway">Mysore Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Paints_and_Varnish_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited">Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivanasamudra_Falls" title="Shivanasamudra Falls">Shivanasamudra Hydro-Electricity Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Mysore" title="State Bank of Mysore">State Bank of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visvesvaraya_Iron_and_Steel_Plant" title="Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant">Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics_Limited" title="Hindustan Aeronautics Limited">Hindustan Aeronautics Limited</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mysore_COA.png/60px-Mysore_COA.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mysore_COA.png/90px-Mysore_COA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mysore_COA.png/120px-Mysore_COA.png 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="546" /></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mysore_Kingdom_series" title="Template:Mysore Kingdom series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mysore_Kingdom_series" title="Template talk:Mysore Kingdom series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mysore_Kingdom_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mysore Kingdom series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Origin of the Kingdom of Mysore">Origin of the Kingdom of Mysore</a></div>Sources for the history of the kingdom include numerous extant <a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">lithic</a> and copper plate <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">inscriptions</a>, records from the Mysore palace and contemporary literary sources in Kannada, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and other languages.<a href="#cite_note-vamsha-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-vamsha10-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-vamsa-12">[11]</a> According to traditional accounts, the kingdom originated as a small state based in the modern city of Mysore and was founded by two brothers, Yaduraya (also known as Vijaya) and Krishnaraya. Their origins are mired in legend and are still a matter of debate; while some historians posit a northern origin at <a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a>,<a href="#cite_note-cha-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-feud-14">[13]</a> others locate it in Karnataka.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-dwarka-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-opportune-17">[16]</a> Yaduraya is said to have married Chikkadevarasi, the local princess and assumed the feudal title "Wodeyar" (<a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a>: ಒಡೆಯರ್, romanized: Oḍeyar, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'lord'), which the ensuing dynasty retained.<a href="#cite_note-title-18">[17]</a> The first unambiguous mention of the Wodeyar family is in 16th century <a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada literature</a> from the reign of the Vijayanagara king <a href="/wiki/Achyuta_Deva_Raya" title="Achyuta Deva Raya">Achyuta Deva Raya</a> (1529–1542); the earliest available inscription, issued by the Wodeyars themselves, dates to the rule of the petty chief Timmaraja II in 1551.<a href="#cite_note-prin-19">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autonomy:_advances_and_reversals">Autonomy: advances and reversals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Autonomy: advances and reversals">edit</a>]</div> The kings who followed ruled as vassals of the Vijayanagara Empire until the decline of the latter in 1565. By this time, the kingdom had expanded to thirty-three villages protected by a force of 300 soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-soldier-20">[19]</a> King Timmaraja II conquered some surrounding chiefdoms,<a href="#cite_note-timma-21">[20]</a> and King Bola Chamaraja IV (lit, "Bald"), the first ruler of any political significance among them, withheld tribute to the nominal Vijayanagara monarch Aravidu <a href="/wiki/Rama_Raya" title="Rama Raya">Ramaraya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bald-22">[21]</a> After the death of Aravidu Ramaraya, the Wodeyars began to assert themselves further and King Raja Wodeyar I wrested control of <a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a> from the Vijayanagara governor (Mahamandaleshvara) Aravidu <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Deva_Raya" title="Tirumala Deva Raya">Tirumalla</a> – a development which elicited, if only ex post facto, the tacit approval of <a href="/wiki/Venkatapati_Raya" title="Venkatapati Raya">Venkatapati Raya</a>, the incumbent king of the diminished Vijayanagar Empire ruling from <a href="/wiki/Chandragiri" title="Chandragiri">Chandragiri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-channa-23">[22]</a> Raja Wodeyar I's reign also saw territorial expansion with the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Channapatna" title="Channapatna">Channapatna</a> to the north from <a href="/wiki/Gobburi_Jagga_Raya" title="Gobburi Jagga Raya">Jaggadeva Raya</a><a href="#cite_note-channa-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> – a development which made Mysore a regional political factor to reckon with.<a href="#cite_note-sov-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-ranadulla-26">[25]</a> Consequently, by 1612–13, the Wodeyars exercised a great deal of autonomy and even though they acknowledged the nominal overlordship of the <a href="/wiki/Aravidu_dynasty" title="Aravidu dynasty">Aravidu dynasty</a>, tributes and transfers of revenue to Chandragiri stopped. This was in marked contrast to other major chiefs, the <a href="/wiki/Nayaka_dynasties" title="Nayaka dynasties">Nayaks</a> of Tamil country who continued to pay off Chandragiri emperors well into the 1630s.<a href="#cite_note-channa-23">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chamaraja_Wodeyar_VI" title="Chamaraja Wodeyar VI">Chamaraja VI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanthirava_Narasaraja_I" title="Kanthirava Narasaraja I">Kanthirava Narasaraja I</a> attempted to expand further northward but were thwarted by the <a href="/wiki/Bijapur_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijapur Sultanate">Bijapur Sultanate</a> and its Maratha subordinates, though the Bijapur armies under Ranadullah Khan were effectively repelled in their 1638 siege of Srirangapatna.<a href="#cite_note-ranadulla-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-coimbotore-27">[26]</a> Expansionist ambitions then turned southward into Tamil country where Narasaraja Wodeyar acquired <a href="/wiki/Sathyamangalam_taluk" title="Sathyamangalam taluk">Satyamangalam</a> (in modern northern <a href="/wiki/Erode_district" title="Erode district">Erode</a> district) while his successor <a href="/wiki/Dodda_Kempadevaraja" title="Dodda Kempadevaraja">Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar</a> expanded further to capture western Tamil regions of Erode and <a href="/wiki/Dharmapuri" title="Dharmapuri">Dharmapuri</a>, after successfully repulsing the <a href="/wiki/Madurai_Nayak_dynasty" title="Madurai Nayak dynasty">chiefs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>. The invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Keladi_Nayaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Keladi Nayaka">Keladi Nayakas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malnad" class="mw-redirect" title="Malnad">Malnad</a> was also dealt with successfully. This period was followed by one of the complex geo-political changes when in the 1670s, the Marathas and the Mughals pressed into the Deccan.<a href="#cite_note-ranadulla-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-coimbotore-27">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chikka_Devaraja" title="Chikka Devaraja">Chikka Devaraja</a> (r. 1672–1704), the most notable of Mysore's early kings, who ruled during much of this period, managed to not only survive the exigencies but further expand territory. He achieved this by forging strategic alliances with the Marathas and the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-alliance-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-early-29">[28]</a> The kingdom soon grew to include <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Tamil_Nadu" title="Salem, Tamil Nadu">Salem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Hassan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan District">Hassan</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Chikkamagaluru" class="mw-redirect" title="Chikkamagaluru">Chikkamagaluru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tumkur" title="Tumkur">Tumkur</a> to the north and the rest of <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a> to the south.<a href="#cite_note-salem-30">[29]</a> Despite this expansion, the kingdom, which now accounted for a fair share of land in the southern Indian heartland, extending from the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> to the western boundaries of the <a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel</a> plain, remained landlocked without direct coastal access. Chikka Devaraja's attempts to remedy this brought Mysore into conflict with the Nayaka chiefs of <a href="/wiki/Ikkeri" title="Ikkeri">Ikkeri</a> and the kings (Rajas) of <a href="/wiki/Kodagu_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodagu State">Kodagu</a> (modern Coorg); who between them controlled the <a href="/wiki/Kanara" title="Kanara">Kanara</a> coast (coastal areas of modern Karnataka) and the intervening hill region respectively.<a href="#cite_note-coast-31">[30]</a> The conflict brought mixed results with Mysore annexing <a href="/wiki/Periyapatna" title="Periyapatna">Periyapatna</a> but suffering a reversal at Palupare.<a href="#cite_note-reverse-32">[31]</a> Nevertheless, from around 1704, when the kingdom passed on to the "Mute king" (Mukarasu) <a href="/wiki/Narasaraja_Wodeyar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Narasaraja Wodeyar II">Kanthirava Narasaraja II</a>, the survival and expansion of the kingdom was achieved by playing a delicate game of alliance, negotiation, subordination on occasion, and annexation of territory in all directions. According to historians <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Subrahmanyam" title="Sanjay Subrahmanyam">Sanjay Subrahmanyam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Setumadhavarao_Pagadi" title="Setumadhavarao Pagadi">Sethu Madhava Rao</a>, Mysore was now formally a tributary of the Mughal Empire. Mughul records claim a regular tribute (peshkash) was paid by Mysore. However, historian <a href="/wiki/Suryanath_U._Kamath" title="Suryanath U. Kamath">Suryanath U. Kamath</a> feels the Mughals may have considered Mysore an ally, a situation brought about by <a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Maratha_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal–Maratha Wars">Mughal–Maratha competition</a> for supremacy in southern India.<a href="#cite_note-peinisular-33">[32]</a> By the 1720s, with the Mughal empire in decline, further complications arose with the Mughal residents at both <a href="/wiki/Arcot" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcot">Arcot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sira,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Sira, India">Sira</a> claiming tribute.<a href="#cite_note-alliance-28">[27]</a> The years that followed saw <a href="/wiki/Dodda_Krishnaraja_I" title="Dodda Krishnaraja I">Krishnaraja Wodeyar I</a> tread cautiously on the matter while keeping the Kodagu chiefs and the Marathas at bay. He was followed by <a href="/wiki/Chamaraja_Wodeyar_VII" title="Chamaraja Wodeyar VII">Chamaraja Wodeyar VII</a> during whose reign power fell into the hands of prime minister (Dalwai or Dalavoy) <a href="/wiki/Nanjaraja_Wodeyar" title="Nanjaraja Wodeyar">Nanjarajiah</a> (or Nanjaraja) and chief minister (Sarvadhikari) Devarajiah (or Devaraja), the influential brothers from <a href="/wiki/Kalale" title="Kalale">Kalale</a> town near <a href="/wiki/Nanjangud" title="Nanjangud">Nanjangud</a> who would rule for the next three decades with the Wodeyars relegated to being the titular heads.<a href="#cite_note-right-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-bahadur-35">[34]</a> The latter part of the rule of <a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wodeyar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wodeyar II">Krishnaraja II</a> saw the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_sultanates" title="Deccan sultanates">Deccan Sultanates</a> being eclipsed by the Mughals and in the confusion that ensued, <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a>, a captain in the army, rose to prominence.<a href="#cite_note-ranadulla-26">[25]</a> His victory against the Marathas at Bangalore in 1758, resulting in the annexation of their territory, made him an iconic figure. In honour of his achievements, the king gave him the title "Nawab Haider Ali Khan Bahadur".<a href="#cite_note-bahadur-35">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_Hyder_Ali_and_Tipu_Sultan">Under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Mysore wars">Anglo-Mysore wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maratha%E2%80%93Mysore_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha–Mysore War">Maratha–Mysore War</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1043282317"><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Sultanate</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1761–1799</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mysore_Hyder_Ali_%26_TipuSultan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of"><img alt="Flag used by Hyder and Tipu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Mysore_Hyder_Ali_%26_TipuSultan.png/125px-Flag_of_Mysore_Hyder_Ali_%26_TipuSultan.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Mysore_Hyder_Ali_%26_TipuSultan.png/188px-Flag_of_Mysore_Hyder_Ali_%26_TipuSultan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Mysore_Hyder_Ali_%26_TipuSultan.png/250px-Flag_of_Mysore_Hyder_Ali_%26_TipuSultan.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="565" /></a></div> </div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Karnataka#Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore_(1880s–1974)" title="Flag of Karnataka">Flag</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg/250px-Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg/375px-Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg/500px-Indian_Mysore_Kingdom_1784_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1639" data-file-height="1852" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  The Kingdom of Mysore during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>, 1784 AD (at its greatest extent)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sultan</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1761-1782 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1782-1799 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_of_Mysore" title="Dewan of Mysore">Dewan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1782–1811 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Purnaiah" title="Purnaiah">Purnaiah</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1761</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1761-1799</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth Anglo-Mysore War</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1799</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tipu%27s_Tiger_with_keyboard_on_display_2006AH4168.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tipu%27s_Tiger_with_keyboard_on_display_2006AH4168.jpg/278px-Tipu%27s_Tiger_with_keyboard_on_display_2006AH4168.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tipu%27s_Tiger_with_keyboard_on_display_2006AH4168.jpg/417px-Tipu%27s_Tiger_with_keyboard_on_display_2006AH4168.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tipu%27s_Tiger_with_keyboard_on_display_2006AH4168.jpg/556px-Tipu%27s_Tiger_with_keyboard_on_display_2006AH4168.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Tipu's Tiger with the organ keyboard visible</figcaption></figure><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suffren_meeting_with_Haider_Ali,_26_july_1782_engraved_by_J_B_Morret_1789.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Suffren_meeting_with_Haider_Ali%2C_26_july_1782_engraved_by_J_B_Morret_1789.jpg/279px-Suffren_meeting_with_Haider_Ali%2C_26_july_1782_engraved_by_J_B_Morret_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="279" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Suffren_meeting_with_Haider_Ali%2C_26_july_1782_engraved_by_J_B_Morret_1789.jpg/419px-Suffren_meeting_with_Haider_Ali%2C_26_july_1782_engraved_by_J_B_Morret_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Suffren_meeting_with_Haider_Ali%2C_26_july_1782_engraved_by_J_B_Morret_1789.jpg/558px-Suffren_meeting_with_Haider_Ali%2C_26_july_1782_engraved_by_J_B_Morret_1789.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1369" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_de_Suffren_de_Saint_Tropez" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre André de Suffren de Saint Tropez">Admiral Suffren</a> meeting with ally <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a> in 1783. J. B. Morret engraving, 1789</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_North_Entrance_Into_The_Fort_Of_Bangalore_-with_Tipu%27s_flag_flying-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/The_North_Entrance_Into_The_Fort_Of_Bangalore_-with_Tipu%27s_flag_flying-.jpg/280px-The_North_Entrance_Into_The_Fort_Of_Bangalore_-with_Tipu%27s_flag_flying-.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/The_North_Entrance_Into_The_Fort_Of_Bangalore_-with_Tipu%27s_flag_flying-.jpg/420px-The_North_Entrance_Into_The_Fort_Of_Bangalore_-with_Tipu%27s_flag_flying-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/The_North_Entrance_Into_The_Fort_Of_Bangalore_-with_Tipu%27s_flag_flying-.jpg/560px-The_North_Entrance_Into_The_Fort_Of_Bangalore_-with_Tipu%27s_flag_flying-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>Tipu's flag at the entrance to the fort of <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TipuSultan1790.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/TipuSultan1790.jpg/278px-TipuSultan1790.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/TipuSultan1790.jpg/417px-TipuSultan1790.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/TipuSultan1790.jpg/555px-TipuSultan1790.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="1861" /></a><figcaption>A portrait of <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>, made during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third Anglo-Mysore War</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_pollilur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Battle_of_pollilur.jpg/276px-Battle_of_pollilur.jpg" decoding="async" width="276" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Battle_of_pollilur.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">Mural</a> of the famous <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pollilur" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pollilur">Battle of Pollilur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>'s summer palace in <a href="/wiki/Seringapatam" class="mw-redirect" title="Seringapatam">Srirangapatna</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gillray_-_The_Coming-on_of_the_monsoons_-_or_-_the_retreat_from_Seringapatam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gillray_-_The_Coming-on_of_the_monsoons_-_or_-_the_retreat_from_Seringapatam.jpg/276px-Gillray_-_The_Coming-on_of_the_monsoons_-_or_-_the_retreat_from_Seringapatam.jpg" decoding="async" width="276" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gillray_-_The_Coming-on_of_the_monsoons_-_or_-_the_retreat_from_Seringapatam.jpg/414px-Gillray_-_The_Coming-on_of_the_monsoons_-_or_-_the_retreat_from_Seringapatam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gillray_-_The_Coming-on_of_the_monsoons_-_or_-_the_retreat_from_Seringapatam.jpg/552px-Gillray_-_The_Coming-on_of_the_monsoons_-_or_-_the_retreat_from_Seringapatam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Lord Cornwallis</a> hastily retreats after his unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Seringapatam_(1792)" title="Siege of Seringapatam (1792)">siege of Srirangapatna (1792)</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a> has earned an important place in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Karnataka" title="History of Karnataka">history of Karnataka</a> for his fighting skills and administrative acumen.<a href="#cite_note-prow-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-prow1-37">[36]</a> The rise of Hyder came at a time of important political developments in the sub-continent. While the European powers were busy transforming themselves from trading companies to political powers, the <a href="/wiki/Nizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam">Nizam</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Subahdar" title="Subahdar">Subahdar</a> of the Mughals pursued his ambitions in the Deccan, and the Marathas, following their <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Third Battle of Panipat">defeat</a> at <a href="/wiki/Panipat" title="Panipat">Panipat</a>, sought safe havens in the south. The period also saw the <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic Wars">French vie with the British</a> for control of the <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_region" title="Carnatic region">Carnatic</a>—a contest in which the British would eventually prevail as British commander <a href="/wiki/Eyre_Coote_(East_India_Company_officer)" title="Eyre Coote (East India Company officer)">Sir Eyre Coote</a> decisively defeated the French under the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arthur,_comte_de_Lally" title="Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally">Comte de Lally</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wandiwash" title="Battle of Wandiwash">Battle of Wandiwash</a> in 1760, a watershed in Indian history as it cemented British supremacy in South Asia.<a href="#cite_note-Venkata_Ramanappa_1975_p._207-38">[37]</a> Though the Wodeyars remained the nominal heads of Mysore during this period, real power lay in the hands of Hyder Ali and his son Tipu.<a href="#cite_note-hands-39">[38]</a> By 1761, Maratha power had diminished and by 1763, Hyder Ali had captured the Keladi kingdom, defeated the rulers of <a href="/wiki/Bilgi,_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilgi, Karnataka">Bilgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bednur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bednur">Bednur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gutti" title="Gutti">Gutti</a>, invaded the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> in the south and conquered the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a>'s capital <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kozhikode" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kozhikode">Calicut</a> with ease in 1766 and extended the Mysore kingdom up to <a href="/wiki/Dharwad" title="Dharwad">Dharwad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bellary" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellary">Bellary</a> in the north.<a href="#cite_note-dharwad-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-dhar-41">[40]</a> Mysore was now a major political power in the subcontinent and Haider's meteoric rise from relative obscurity and his defiance formed one of the last remaining challenges to complete British hegemony over the Indian subcontinent—a challenge which would take them more than three decades to overcome.<a href="#cite_note-overcome-42">[41]</a> In a bid to stem Hyder's rise, the British allied with the Marathas and the Nizam of <a href="/wiki/Golconda" title="Golconda">Golconda</a>, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First Anglo-Mysore War</a> in 1767. Despite numerical superiority, Hyder Ali suffered defeats at the battles of <a href="/wiki/Chengam" title="Chengam">Chengham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tiruvannamalai" title="Battle of Tiruvannamalai">Tiruvannamalai</a>. The British ignored his overtures for peace until Hyder Ali had strategically moved his armies to within five miles of Madras (modern <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>) and was able to successfully <a href="/wiki/Suing_for_peace" title="Suing for peace">sue for peace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Venkata_Ramanappa_1975_p._207-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-dhar-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-peace-43">[42]</a> Three wars were fought from 1764 and 1772 between the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Army" title="Maratha Army">Maratha armies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Madhavrao_Peshwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhavrao Peshwa">Peshwa Madhavrao I</a> against Hyder, in which Hyder was severely defeated and had to pay 36 lacs of tribute as war expenses along with an annual tribute of 14 lacs every year to the peshwa.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In these wars Hyder had expected British support as per the 1769 treaty but the British betrayed him by staying out of the conflict. The British betrayal and Hyder's subsequent defeat reinforced Hyder's deep distrust of the British—a sentiment that would be shared by his son and one that would inform Anglo-Mysore rivalries of the next three decades. In 1777, <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Haider Ali</a> recovered the previously lost territories of Coorg and parts of what would later become Malabar District from the Marathas.<a href="#cite_note-saunshi-45">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Haider Ali</a>'s army advanced towards the Marathas and fought them at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saunshi" title="Battle of Saunshi">Battle of Saunshi</a> and came out victorious during the same year.<a href="#cite_note-saunshi-45">[44]</a> By 1779, Hyder Ali had captured parts of modern Tamil Nadu and <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> in the south, extending the Kingdom's area to about 80,000 mi2 (205,000 km2).<a href="#cite_note-dhar-41">[40]</a> In 1780, he befriended the French and made peace with the Marathas and the Nizam.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-46">[45]</a> However, Hyder Ali was betrayed by the Marathas and the Nizam, who made treaties with the British as well. In July 1779, Hyder Ali headed an army of 80,000, mostly cavalry, descending through the passes of the Ghats amid burning villages, before laying siege to British forts in northern Arcot starting the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second Anglo-Mysore War</a>. Hyder Ali had some initial successes against the British notably at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pollilur" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pollilur">Pollilur</a>, the worst defeat the British suffered in India until <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chillianwala" title="Battle of Chillianwala">Chillianwala</a>, and Arcot, until the arrival of Sir Eyre Coote, when the fortunes of the British began to change.<a href="#cite_note-rout-47">[46]</a> On 1 June 1781 Coote struck the first heavy blow against Hyder Ali in the decisive <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Porto_Novo" title="Battle of Porto Novo">Battle of Porto Novo</a>. The battle was won by Coote against odds of five to one and is regarded as one of the greatest feats of the British in India. It was followed up by another hard-fought <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pollilur_(1781)" title="Battle of Pollilur (1781)">battle</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pullalur" title="Pullalur">Pollilur</a> (the scene of an earlier triumph of Hyder Ali over a British force) on 27 August, in which the British won another success, and by the rout of the Mysore troops at <a href="/wiki/Sholinghur" title="Sholinghur">Sholinghur</a> a month later. Hyder Ali died on 7 December 1782, even as fighting continued with the British. He was succeeded by his son Tipu Sultan who continued hostilities against the British by recapturing Baidanur and Mangalore.<a href="#cite_note-dhar-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-host1-48">[47]</a> By 1783 neither the British nor Mysore were able to obtain a clear overall victory. The French withdrew their support of Mysore following the <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Versailles_(1783)#Treaty_with_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaties of Versailles (1783)">peace settlement in Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> Undaunted, Tipu, popularly known as the "Tiger of Mysore", continued the war against the British but lost some regions in modern coastal Karnataka to them. The <a href="/wiki/Maratha%E2%80%93Mysore_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha–Mysore War">Maratha–Mysore War</a> occurred between 1785 and 1787 and consisted of a series of conflicts between the Sultanate of Mysore and the Maratha Empire.<a href="#cite_note-Naravane-50">[49]</a> Following Tipu Sultan's victory against the Marathas at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bahadur_Benda" title="Siege of Bahadur Benda">siege of Bahadur Benda</a>, a peace agreement was signed between the two kingdoms with mutual gains and losses.<a href="#cite_note-mohibbul-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sen-52">[51]</a> Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Mangalore" title="Treaty of Mangalore">treaty of Mangalore</a> was signed in 1784 bringing hostilities with the British to a temporary and uneasy halt and restoring the others' lands to the <a href="/wiki/Status_quo_ante_bellum" title="Status quo ante bellum">status quo ante bellum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-surrender-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-surrender1-54">[53]</a> The treaty is an important document in the history of India because it was the last occasion when an Indian power dictated terms to the British, who were made to play the role of humble supplicants for peace. A start of fresh hostilities between the British and French in Europe would have been sufficient reason for Tipu to abrogate his treaty and further his ambition of striking at the British.<a href="#cite_note-strike-55">[54]</a> His attempts to lure the Nizam, the Marathas, the French and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Sultan of Turkey</a> failed to bring direct military aid.<a href="#cite_note-strike-55">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mather-brown-lord-cornwallis-receiving-the-sons-of-tipu-as-hostages-1792.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mather-brown-lord-cornwallis-receiving-the-sons-of-tipu-as-hostages-1792.jpg/175px-Mather-brown-lord-cornwallis-receiving-the-sons-of-tipu-as-hostages-1792.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mather-brown-lord-cornwallis-receiving-the-sons-of-tipu-as-hostages-1792.jpg/263px-Mather-brown-lord-cornwallis-receiving-the-sons-of-tipu-as-hostages-1792.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mather-brown-lord-cornwallis-receiving-the-sons-of-tipu-as-hostages-1792.jpg/350px-Mather-brown-lord-cornwallis-receiving-the-sons-of-tipu-as-hostages-1792.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>General Lord Cornwallis receiving Tipu Sultan's sons as hostages.</figcaption></figure> Tipu's <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nedumkotta" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Nedumkotta">successful attacks</a> in 1790 on the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Travancore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Travancore">Kingdom of Travancore</a>, a later British ally, ended in defeat for him, and it resulted in greater hostilities with the British which culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third Anglo-Mysore War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> In the beginning, the British made gains, taking the <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore_district" title="Coimbatore district">Coimbatore district</a>, but Tipu's counterattack reversed many of these gains. By 1792, with aid from the Marathas who attacked from the north-west and the Nizam who moved in from the north-east, the British under <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Lord Cornwallis</a> successfully <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Seringapatam_(1792)" title="Siege of Seringapatam (1792)">besieged Srirangapatna</a>, resulting in Tipu's defeat and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Seringapatam" title="Treaty of Seringapatam">Treaty of Srirangapatna</a>. Half of Mysore was distributed among the allies, and two of his sons were held to ransom.<a href="#cite_note-surrender-53">[52]</a> A humiliated but indomitable Tipu went about rebuilding his economic and military power. He attempted to covertly win over support from <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">Revolutionary France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Amir" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir">Amir</a> of Afghanistan, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and Arabia. However, these attempts to involve the French soon became known to the British, who were at the time fighting the French in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Egypt</a> and were backed by the Marathas and the Nizam. In 1799, Tipu died <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Seringapatam" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Seringapatam">defending Srirangapatna</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth Anglo-Mysore War</a>, heralding the end of the Kingdom's independence.<a href="#cite_note-end-57">[56]</a> Modern Indian historians consider Tipu Sultan an inveterate enemy of the British, an able administrator and an innovator.<a href="#cite_note-enemy-58">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Princely_state">Princely state</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Princely state">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Palace_of_the_Maharajah_of_Mysore,_India,%22_from_the_Illustrated_London_News,_1881_(with_modern_hand_coloring).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%22Palace_of_the_Maharajah_of_Mysore%2C_India%2C%22_from_the_Illustrated_London_News%2C_1881_%28with_modern_hand_coloring%29.jpg/275px-%22Palace_of_the_Maharajah_of_Mysore%2C_India%2C%22_from_the_Illustrated_London_News%2C_1881_%28with_modern_hand_coloring%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%22Palace_of_the_Maharajah_of_Mysore%2C_India%2C%22_from_the_Illustrated_London_News%2C_1881_%28with_modern_hand_coloring%29.jpg/413px-%22Palace_of_the_Maharajah_of_Mysore%2C_India%2C%22_from_the_Illustrated_London_News%2C_1881_%28with_modern_hand_coloring%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%22Palace_of_the_Maharajah_of_Mysore%2C_India%2C%22_from_the_Illustrated_London_News%2C_1881_%28with_modern_hand_coloring%29.jpg/550px-%22Palace_of_the_Maharajah_of_Mysore%2C_India%2C%22_from_the_Illustrated_London_News%2C_1881_%28with_modern_hand_coloring%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption>"Palace of the Maharajah of Mysore, India," from the Illustrated London News, 1881 (with modern hand coloring)</figcaption></figure> Following Tipu's fall, a part of the kingdom of Mysore was annexed and divided between the Madras Presidency and the <a href="/wiki/Nizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam">Nizam</a>. The remaining territory was transformed into a Princely State; the five-year-old scion of the Wodeyar family, <a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wodeyar_III" title="Krishnaraja Wodeyar III">Krishnaraja III</a>, was installed on the throne with <a href="/wiki/Purnaiah" title="Purnaiah">Purnaiah</a> continuing as <a href="/wiki/Dewan_of_Mysore" title="Dewan of Mysore">Dewan</a>, who had earlier served under Tipu, handling the reins as regent and <a href="/wiki/Barry_Close" title="Barry Close">Barry Close</a> was appointed the <a href="/wiki/Resident_minister" title="Resident minister">British Resident</a> for Msyore. The British then took control of Mysore's foreign policy and also exacted an annual tribute and a subsidy for maintaining a standing British army at Mysore.<a href="#cite_note-army-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-install-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> As dewan, Purnaiah distinguished himself with his progressive and innovative administration until he retired from service in 1811 (and died shortly thereafter) following the 16th birthday of the boy king.<a href="#cite_note-overlord-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg/278px-Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg/417px-Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg/556px-Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4407" data-file-height="2148" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Palace" title="Mysore Palace">Mysore Palace</a> built between 1897 and 1912</figcaption></figure> The years that followed witnessed cordial relations between Mysore and the British until things began to sour in the 1820s. Even though the <a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_and_presidents_of_Madras_Presidency" title="List of colonial governors and presidents of Madras Presidency">Governor of Madras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Munro,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet">Thomas Munro</a>, determined after a personal investigation in 1825 that there was no substance to the allegations of financial impropriety made by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henry_Cole" title="Arthur Henry Cole">A. H. Cole</a>, the incumbent Resident of Mysore, the <a href="/wiki/Nagar_revolt" title="Nagar revolt">Nagar revolt</a> (a civil insurrection) which broke out towards the end of the decade changed things considerably. In 1831, close on the heels of the insurrection and citing mal-administration, the British took direct control of the princely state, placing it under a <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Commission" title="Mysore Commission">commission rule</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mal-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> For the next fifty years, Mysore passed under the rule of successive British Commissioners; Sir <a href="/wiki/Mark_Cubbon_(army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Cubbon (army officer)">Mark Cubbon</a>, renowned for his statesmanship, served from 1834 until 1861 and put into place an efficient and successful administrative system which left Mysore a well-developed state.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jcrw1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Jcrw1.jpg/220px-Jcrw1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Jcrw1.jpg/330px-Jcrw1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Jcrw1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>Jayachamrajendra Wadiyar with Elizabeth II</figcaption></figure> In 1876–77, however, towards the end of the period of direct British rule, Mysore was <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_1876%E2%80%931878" title="Great Famine of 1876–1878">struck by a devastating famine</a> with estimated mortality figures ranging between 700,000 and 1,100,000, or nearly a fifth of the population.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Shortly thereafter, Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Chamarajendra_Wadiyar_X" title="Chamarajendra Wadiyar X">Chamaraja X</a>, educated in the British system, took over the rule of Mysore in 1881, following the success of a lobby set up by the Wodeyar dynasty that was in favour of <a href="/wiki/Rendition_(law)" title="Rendition (law)">rendition</a>. Accordingly, a resident British officer was appointed at the Mysore court and a Dewan to handle the Maharaja's administration.<a href="#cite_note-comm-68">[67]</a> From then onwards, until Indian independence in 1947, Mysore remained a Princely State within the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Indian Empire</a>, with the Wodeyars continuing their rule.<a href="#cite_note-comm-68">[67]</a> After the demise of Maharaja Chamaraja X, <a href="/wiki/Nalvadi_Krishnaraja_Wodeyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar">Krishnaraja IV</a>, still a boy of eleven, ascended the throne in 1895. His mother Maharani Kemparajammanniyavaru ruled as regent until Krishnaraja took over the reins on 8 February 1902.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Under his rule, with Sir M. Visvesvayara as his Dewan, the Maharaja set about transforming Mysore into a progressive and modern state, particularly in industry, education, agriculture and art. Such were the strides that Mysore made that <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> called the Maharaja a "saintly king" (Rajarishi).<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Brunton" title="Paul Brunton">Paul Brunton</a>, the British philosopher and orientalist, <a href="/wiki/John_Gunther" title="John Gunther">John Gunther</a>, the American author, and British statesman <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel">Lord Samuel</a> praised the ruler's efforts. Much of the pioneering work in educational infrastructure that took place during this period would serve Karnataka invaluably in the coming decades.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> The Maharaja was an accomplished musician, and like his predecessors, avidly patronised the development of the fine arts.<a href="#cite_note-instru-72">[71]</a> He was followed by his nephew <a href="/wiki/Jayachamarajendra_Wadiyar" title="Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar">Jayachamarajendra</a> whose rule continued for some years after he signed the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_accession" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrument of accession">instrument of accession</a> and Mysore joined the Indian Union on 9 August 1947.<a href="#cite_note-union-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Jayachamarajendra continued to rule as <a href="/wiki/Rajapramukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajapramukh">Rajapramukh</a> of Mysore until 1956 when as a result of the <a href="/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act,_1956" title="States Reorganisation Act, 1956">States Reorganisation Act, 1956</a>, his position was converted into Governor of <a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore State</a>. From 1963 until 1966, he was the first Governor of <a href="/wiki/Madras_State" title="Madras State">Madras State</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AR20-75">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Administration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Administration_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Administration of the Kingdom of Mysore">Administration of the Kingdom of Mysore</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Maharajas_of_Mysore" title="List of Maharajas of Mysore">List of Maharajas of Mysore</a></div> There are no records relating to the administration of the Mysore territory during the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>'s reign (1399–1565). Signs of a well-organised and independent administration appear from the time of Raja Wodeyar I who is believed to have been sympathetic towards peasants (<a href="/wiki/Raiyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Raiyat">raiyats</a>) who were exempted from any increases in taxation during his time.<a href="#cite_note-ranadulla-26">[25]</a> The first sign that the kingdom had established itself in the area was the issuing of gold coins (Kanthirayi phanam) resembling those of the erstwhile Vijayanagara Empire during Narasaraja Wodeyar's rule.<a href="#cite_note-phanam-76">[75]</a> The rule of Chikka Devaraja saw several reforms effected. Internal administration was remodelled to suit the kingdom's growing needs and became more efficient. A postal system came into being. Far-reaching financial reforms were also introduced. Several petty taxes were imposed in place of direct taxes, as a result of which the peasants were compelled to pay more by way of land tax.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> The king is said to have taken a personal interest in the regular collection of revenues the treasury burgeoned to 90,000,000 <a href="/wiki/Pagoda_(coin)" title="Pagoda (coin)">Pagoda</a> (a unit of currency) – earning him the epithet "Nine <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a> Narayana" (Navakoti Narayana). In 1700, he sent an embassy to <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangazeb</a>'s court bestowed upon him the title Jug Deo Raja and awarded permission to sit on the ivory throne. Following this, he founded the district offices (Attara Kacheri), the central secretariat comprising eighteen departments, and his administration was modelled on Mughal lines.<a href="#cite_note-sec-78">[77]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a>'s rule, the kingdom was divided into five provinces (Asofis) of unequal size, comprising 171 <a href="/wiki/Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Taluk">taluks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pargana" title="Pargana">Paraganas</a>) in total.<a href="#cite_note-british-79">[78]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a> became the de facto ruler, the kingdom, which encompassed 160,000 km2 (61,776 sq mi) (62,000 mi2), was divided into 37 provinces and a total of 124 taluks (Amil). Each province had a governor (Asof), and one deputy governor. Each taluk had a headman called Amildar and a group of villages were in charge of a <a href="/wiki/Patel_(village_administration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patel (village administration)">Patel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-install-60">[59]</a> The central administration comprised six departments headed by ministers, each aided by an advisory council of up to four members.<a href="#cite_note-zum-80">[79]</a> When the <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> came under direct British rule in 1831, early commissioners <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lushington_(1785%E2%80%931866)" title="Charles Lushington (1785–1866)">Lushington</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Briggs_(East_India_Company_officer)" title="John Briggs (East India Company officer)">Briggs</a> and Morrison were followed by Mark Cubbon, who took charge in 1834.<a href="#cite_note-blore-81">[80]</a> He made <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> the capital and divided the princely state into four divisions, each under a British superintendent. The state was further divided into 120 taluks with 85 taluk courts, with all lower level administration in the <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-blore-81">[80]</a> The office of the commissioner had eight departments; revenue, post, police, cavalry, public works, medical, animal husbandry, judiciary and education. The judiciary was hierarchical with the commissioners' court at the apex, followed by the Huzur Adalat, four superintending courts and eight Sadar Munsiff courts at the lowest level.<a href="#cite_note-adalat-82">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lewin_Bentham_Bowring" title="Lewin Bentham Bowring">Lewin Bowring</a> became the chief commissioner in 1862 and held the position until 1870. During his tenure, the property "Registration Act", the "<a href="/wiki/Indian_Penal_Code" title="Indian Penal Code">Indian Penal Code</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Code_of_Criminal_Procedure_(India)" title="Code of Criminal Procedure (India)">Code of Criminal Procedure</a>" came into effect and the judiciary was separated from the executive branch of the administration.<a href="#cite_note-adalat-82">[81]</a> The state was divided into eight <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of India">districts</a> – Bangalore, <a href="/wiki/Chitaldroog_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Chitaldroog district">Chitraldroog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hassan_district" title="Hassan district">Hassan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadur_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadur district">Kadur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolar_district" title="Kolar district">Kolar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mysore_district" title="Mysore district">Mysore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shimoga_district" title="Shimoga district">Shimoga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tumakuru_district" title="Tumakuru district">Tumkur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> After the rendition, <a href="/wiki/C._V._Rungacharlu" title="C. V. Rungacharlu">C. V. Rungacharlu</a> was made the Dewan. Under him, the first Representative Assembly of British India, with 144 members, was formed in 1881.<a href="#cite_note-ranga-84">[83]</a> He was followed by <a href="/wiki/K._Seshadri_Iyer" title="K. Seshadri Iyer">K. Seshadri Iyer</a> in 1883 during whose tenure gold mining at the <a href="/wiki/Kolar_Gold_Fields" title="Kolar Gold Fields">Kolar Gold Fields</a> began, the <a href="/wiki/Shivanasamudra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivanasamudra">Shivanasamudra</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> project was initiated in 1899 (the first such major attempt in India) and electricity and drinking water (the latter through pipes) was supplied to Bangalore.<a href="#cite_note-iyer-85">[84]</a> Seshadri Iyer was followed by <a href="/wiki/P._N._Krishnamurti" title="P. N. Krishnamurti">P. N. Krishnamurti</a>, who created The Secretariat Manual to maintain records and the Co-operative Department in 1905,<a href="#cite_note-iyer-85">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/V._P._Madhava_Rao" title="V. P. Madhava Rao">V. P. Madhava Rao</a> who focussed on the conservation of forests and <a href="/wiki/T._Ananda_Rao" title="T. Ananda Rao">T. Ananda Rao</a>, who finalised the <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Raja_Sagara" title="Krishna Raja Sagara">Kannambadi Dam</a> project.<a href="#cite_note-dam-86">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mokshagundam_Visvesvaraya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya">Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya</a>, popularly known as the "Maker of Modern Mysore", holds a key place in the history of Karnataka.<a href="#cite_note-make-87">[86]</a> An engineer by education, he became the Dewan in 1909.<a href="#cite_note-dam-86">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-becamediwan-88">[87]</a> Under his tenure, membership of the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Legislative Assembly">Mysore Legislative Assembly</a> was increased from 18 to 24, and it was given the power to discuss the state budget.<a href="#cite_note-dam-86">[85]</a> The Mysore Economic Conference was expanded into three committees; industry and commerce, education, and agriculture, with publications in English and Kannada.<a href="#cite_note-vis10-89">[88]</a> Important projects commissioned during his time included the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Kannambadi" title="Kannambadi">Kannambadi</a> Dam, the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Visvesvaraya_Iron_and_Steel_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Limited">Mysore Iron Works at Bhadravathi</a>, founding of the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore University">Mysore University</a> in 1916, the <a href="/wiki/University_Visvesvaraya_College_of_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering">University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering</a> in Bangalore, the establishment of the Mysore state railway department and numerous industries in Mysore. In 1955, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a>, India's highest civilian honour.<a href="#cite_note-vis10-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-ratna-90">[89]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ismail" title="Mirza Ismail">Mirza Ismail</a> took office as Dewan in 1926 and built on the foundation laid by his predecessor. Amongst his contributions were the expansion of the Bhadravathi Iron Works, the founding of a cement and paper factory in <a href="/wiki/Bhadravathi,_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadravathi, Karnataka">Bhadravathi</a> and the launch of <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics_Limited" title="Hindustan Aeronautics Limited">Hindustan Aeronautics Limited</a>. A man with a penchant for gardens, he founded the <a href="/wiki/Brindavan_Gardens" title="Brindavan Gardens">Brindavan Gardens</a> (Krishnaraja Sagar) and built the <a href="/wiki/Kaveri_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaveri River">Kaveri River</a> high-level canal to irrigate 120,000 acres (490 km2) in modern Mandya district.<a href="#cite_note-ismail-91">[90]</a> In 1939 <a href="/wiki/Mandya_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandya District">Mandya District</a> was carved out of Mysore District, bringing the number of districts in the state to nine. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Economy of the Kingdom of Mysore">Economy of the Kingdom of Mysore</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">Economic history of India</a></div> The vast majority of the people lived in villages and agriculture was their main occupation. The economy of the kingdom was based on agriculture. Grains, pulses, vegetables and flowers were cultivated. Commercial crops included sugarcane and cotton. The agrarian population consisted of landlords (<a href="/wiki/Gowda_(caste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowda (caste)">vokkaliga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zamindar" title="Zamindar">zamindar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hegde" title="Hegde">heggadde</a>) who tilled the land by employing several landless labourers, usually paying them in grain. Minor cultivators were also willing to hire themselves out as labourers if the need arose.<a href="#cite_note-labour-92">[91]</a> It was due to the availability of these landless labourers that kings and landlords were able to execute major projects such as palaces, temples, mosques, anicuts (dams) and tanks.<a href="#cite_note-tank-93">[92]</a> Because land was abundant and the population relatively sparse, no rent was charged on land ownership. Instead, landowners paid tax for cultivation, which amounted to up to one-half of all harvested produce.<a href="#cite_note-tank-93">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_Hyder_Ali_and_Tipu_Sultan_2">Under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan">edit</a>]</div> Tipu Sultan is credited with founding state trading depots in various locations of his kingdom. In addition, he founded depots in foreign locations such as <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muscat,_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscat, Oman">Muscat</a>, where Mysore products were sold.<a href="#cite_note-muscat-94">[93]</a> During Tipu's rule French technology was used for the first time in carpentry and <a href="/wiki/Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">smithing</a>, Chinese technology was used for sugar production, and technology from <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> helped improve the <a href="/wiki/Sericulture" title="Sericulture">sericulture</a> industry.<a href="#cite_note-seri-95">[94]</a> State factories were established in <a href="/wiki/Kanakapura" title="Kanakapura">Kanakapura</a> and Taramandelpeth for producing cannons and gunpowder respectively. The state held the monopoly in the production of essentials such as sugar, salt, iron, pepper, cardamom, betel nut, tobacco and <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a>, as well as the extraction of incense oil from sandalwood and the mining of silver, gold and precious stones. Sandalwood was exported to China and the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Gulf countries">Persian Gulf countries</a> and sericulture was developed in twenty-one centres within the kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-sandal-96">[95]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mysore_silk" title="Mysore silk">Mysore silk</a> industry was initiated during the rule of Tipu Sultan.<a href="#cite_note-Global_Silk_Industry-97">[96]</a> Later the industry was hit by a global depression and competition from imported silk and <a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">rayon</a>. In the second half of the 20th century, it however revived and the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore State</a> became the top <a href="/wiki/Multivoltine" class="mw-redirect" title="Multivoltine">multivoltine</a> silk producer in India.<a href="#cite_note-Global_Silk_Industry-97">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_British_rule">Under British rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Under British rule">edit</a>]</div> This system changed under the subsidiary alliance with the British, when tax payments were made in cash and were used for the maintenance of the army, police and other civil and public establishments. A portion of the tax was transferred to England as the "Indian tribute".<a href="#cite_note-pay-98">[97]</a> Unhappy with the loss of their traditional revenue system and the problems they faced, peasants rose in rebellion in many parts of south India.<a href="#cite_note-farm-99">[98]</a> After 1800, the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Settlement" title="Permanent Settlement">Cornwallis land reforms</a> came into effect. Reade, Munro, Graham and Thackeray were some administrators who improved the economic conditions of the masses.<a href="#cite_note-corn-100">[99]</a> However, the homespun textile industry suffered while most of India was under British rule, except the producers of the finest cloth and the coarse cloth which was popular with the rural masses. This was due to the manufacturing mills of <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and Scotland being more than a match for the traditional handweaving industry, especially in spinning and weaving.<a href="#cite_note-liver-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-cloths-102">[101]</a> The economic revolution in England and the tariff policies of the British also caused massive de-industrialization in other sectors throughout British India and Mysore. For example, the gunny bag weaving business had been a monopoly of the Goniga people, which they lost when the British began ruling the area. The import of a chemical substitute for saltpetre (potassium nitrate) affected the <a href="/wiki/Uppara" title="Uppara">Uppar</a> community, the traditional makers of saltpetre for use in gunpowder. The import of kerosene affected the <a href="/wiki/Ganiga" title="Ganiga">Ganiga</a> community which supplied oils. Foreign enamel and crockery industries affected the native pottery business, and mill-made blankets replaced the country-made blankets called kambli.<a href="#cite_note-kambli-103">[102]</a> This economic fallout led to the formation of community-based social welfare organisations to help those within the community to cope better with their new economic situation, including youth hostels for students seeking education and shelter.<a href="#cite_note-hostel-104">[103]</a> However, the British economic policies created a class structure consisting of a newly established middle class comprising various blue and white-collared occupational groups, including agents, brokers, lawyers, teachers, civil servants and physicians. Due to a more flexible caste hierarchy, the middle class contained a heterogeneous mix of people from different castes.<a href="#cite_note-caste-105">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_tank_(Pushkarni)_at_Shravanabelagola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Temple_tank_%28Pushkarni%29_at_Shravanabelagola.jpg/279px-Temple_tank_%28Pushkarni%29_at_Shravanabelagola.jpg" decoding="async" width="279" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Temple_tank_%28Pushkarni%29_at_Shravanabelagola.jpg/419px-Temple_tank_%28Pushkarni%29_at_Shravanabelagola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Temple_tank_%28Pushkarni%29_at_Shravanabelagola.jpg/558px-Temple_tank_%28Pushkarni%29_at_Shravanabelagola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption>Temple pond constructed by King Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar at <a href="/wiki/Shravanabelagola" title="Shravanabelagola">Shravanabelagola</a>, an important Jain temple town</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shweta_Varahaswamy_temple_in_Mysore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Shweta_Varahaswamy_temple_in_Mysore.jpg/277px-Shweta_Varahaswamy_temple_in_Mysore.jpg" decoding="async" width="277" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Shweta_Varahaswamy_temple_in_Mysore.jpg/416px-Shweta_Varahaswamy_temple_in_Mysore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Shweta_Varahaswamy_temple_in_Mysore.jpg/555px-Shweta_Varahaswamy_temple_in_Mysore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Shweta Varahaswamy temple (1673–1704) in the Mysore Palace grounds</figcaption></figure> The early kings of the Wodeyar dynasty worshipped the Hindu god Shiva. The later kings, starting from the 17th century, took to <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a>, the worship of the Hindu god Vishnu.<a href="#cite_note-shiva-vishnu-106">[105]</a> According to musicologist Meera Rajaram Pranesh, King Raja Wodeyar I was a devotee of the god Vishnu, King Dodda Devaraja was honoured with the title "Protector of Brahmins" (Deva Brahmana Paripalaka) for his support to <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmins</a>, and Maharaja Krishnaraja III was devoted to the goddess <a href="/wiki/Chamunda" title="Chamunda">Chamundeshwari</a> (a form of Hindu goddess <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a>).<a href="#cite_note-religion-107">[106]</a> Wilks ("History of Mysore", 1800) wrote about a <a href="/wiki/Jangam" title="Jangam">Jangama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Veerashaiva</a> saint-devotee of Shiva) uprising, related to excessive taxation, which was put down firmly by Chikka Devaraja. Historian <a href="/wiki/D._R._Nagaraj" title="D. R. Nagaraj">D.R. Nagaraj</a> claims that four hundred Jangamas were murdered in the process but clarifies that Veerashaiva literature itself is silent about the issue.<a href="#cite_note-jangama-108">[107]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Suryanath_Kamath" class="mw-redirect" title="Suryanath Kamath">Suryanath Kamath</a> claims King Chikka Devaraja was a Srivaishnava (follower of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a>, a sect of Vaishnavism) but was not anti-Veerashaiva.<a href="#cite_note-srivai-109">[108]</a> Historian Aiyangar concurs that some of the kings including the celebrated Narasaraja I and Chikka Devaraja were Vaishnavas, but suggests this may not have been the case with all Wodeyar rulers.<a href="#cite_note-wod-rule-110">[109]</a> The rise of the modern-day Mysore city as a centre of <a href="/wiki/South_Indian_culture" title="South Indian culture">south Indian culture</a> has been traced from the period of their sovereignty.<a href="#cite_note-centre-111">[110]</a> Raja Wodeyar I initiated the celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Dasara</a> festival in Mysore, a proud tradition of the erstwhile Vijayanagara royal family.<a href="#cite_note-das-112">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-das10-113">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, though in decline during the late medieval period, also enjoyed the patronage of the Mysore kings, who made munificent endowments to the <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> monastic order at the town of <a href="/wiki/Shravanabelagola" title="Shravanabelagola">Shravanabelagola</a>.<a href="#cite_note-shrav-114">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-lak1-115">[114]</a> Records indicate that some Wodeyar kings not only presided over the <a href="/wiki/Mahamastakabhisheka" title="Mahamastakabhisheka">Mahamastakabhisheka</a> ceremony, an important Jain religious event at Shravanabelagola, but also personally offered prayers (<a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">puja</a>) during the years 1659, 1677, 1800, 1825, 1910, 1925, 1940, and 1953.<a href="#cite_note-puja-116">[115]</a> The contact between South India and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> goes back to the 7th century when trade between <a href="/wiki/Hindu_king" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu king">Hindu kingdoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphates</a> thrived. These Muslim traders settled on the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> with the permission and blessings of the Hindu Lords of those parts and married local Hindu women, and their descendants came to be known as <a href="/wiki/Mappila_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Mappila Muslims">Mappillas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-map-117">[116]</a> By the 14th century, Muslims had become a significant minority in the south, though the advent of Portuguese missionaries checked their growth.<a href="#cite_note-map-117">[116]</a> Hyder Ali, though a devout Muslim, did not allow his faith to interfere with the administration of the predominantly Hindu kingdom ruled by Hindu kings. Historians are, however, divided on the intentions of Haider Ali's son, Tipu Sultan. It has been claimed that Tipu raised Hindus to prominent positions in his administration back in Mysore, made generous grants to Hindu temples and Brahmins, and generally respected other faiths and that any religious conversions that Tipu undertook were as punishment to those who rebelled against his authority.<a href="#cite_note-Moh-118">[117]</a> However, this has been countered by other historians who claim that Tipu Sultan treated the non-Muslims of Mysore far better than those of the Malabar Coast, <a href="/wiki/Raichur" title="Raichur">Raichur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coorg" class="mw-redirect" title="Coorg">Kodagu</a> regions. They point out that Tipu was responsible for mass conversions of Christians and Hindus in these regions by force to convert.<a href="#cite_note-chop-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-chop1-120">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Society">Society</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Society">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Society of the Kingdom of Mysore">Society of the Kingdom of Mysore</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mysore_university_building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mysore_university_building.JPG/278px-Mysore_university_building.JPG" decoding="async" width="278" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mysore_university_building.JPG/417px-Mysore_university_building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mysore_university_building.JPG/556px-Mysore_university_building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>The Crawford Hall on <a href="/wiki/Mysore_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore University">Mysore University</a> campus houses the university offices.</figcaption></figure> Before the 18th century, the society of the kingdom followed age-old and deeply established norms of social interaction between people. Accounts by contemporaneous travellers indicate the widespread practice of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_caste_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu caste system">Hindu caste system</a> and animal sacrifices during the nine-day celebrations (called <a href="/wiki/Mahanavami" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanavami">Mahanavami</a>).<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> Later, fundamental changes occurred due to the struggle between native and foreign powers. Though wars between the Hindu kingdoms and the Sultanates continued, the battles between native rulers (including Muslims) and the newly arrived British took centre stage.<a href="#cite_note-british-79">[78]</a> The spread of English education, the introduction of the printing press and the criticism of the prevailing social system by Christian missionaries helped make the society more open and flexible. The rise of modern nationalism throughout India also affected Mysore.<a href="#cite_note-west-122">[121]</a> With the advent of British power, English education gained prominence in addition to traditional education in local languages. These changes were orchestrated by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Elphinstone" title="Lord Elphinstone">Lord Elphinstone</a>, the governor of the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a>. His plan became the constitution of the central collegiate institution or University Board in 1841.<a href="#cite_note-central-123">[122]</a> Accordingly, a high school department of the university was established. For imparting education in the interior regions, schools were raised in principal towns which eventually were elevated to college level, with each college becoming central to many local schools (zilla schools).<a href="#cite_note-strata-124">[123]</a> The earliest English-medium schools appeared in 1833 in Mysore and spread across the region. In 1858, the Department of Education was founded in Mysore and by 1881, there were an estimated 2,087 English-medium schools in the state of Mysore. Higher education became available with the formation of <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Central_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Central College">Bangalore Central College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> (1870), <a href="/wiki/Maharaja%27s_College,_Mysore" title="Maharaja's College, Mysore">Maharaja's College</a> (1879), <a href="/wiki/Maharani_Lakshmi_Ammani_Women%27s_College" title="Maharani Lakshmi Ammani Women's College">Maharani's College</a> (1901) and the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore University">Mysore University</a> (1916) in Mysore and the <a href="/wiki/St._Agnes_PU_College,_Mangalore" title="St. Agnes PU College, Mangalore">St. Agnes College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> (1921).<a href="#cite_note-univ-125">[124]</a> Social reforms aimed at removing practices such as <a href="/wiki/Sati_(practice)" title="Sati (practice)">sati</a> and social discrimination based upon <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">untouchability</a>, as well as demands for the emancipation of the lower classes, swept across India and influenced Mysore territory.<a href="#cite_note-sati-126">[125]</a> In 1894, the kingdom passed laws to abolish the marriage of girls below the age of eight. <a href="/wiki/Widow_remarriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Widow remarriage">Remarriage of widowed women</a> and marriage of destitute women were encouraged, and in 1923, some women were granted permission to exercise their <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Indian_Association" title="Women's Indian Association">franchise in elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dest-127">[126]</a> There were, however, uprisings against British authority in the Mysore territory, notably the <a href="/wiki/Kodagu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodagu">Kodagu</a> uprising in 1835 (after the British dethroned the local ruler Chikkaviraraja) and the <a href="/wiki/Kanara" title="Kanara">Kanara</a> uprising of 1837.<a href="#cite_note-revolt1-128">[127]</a> The era of printing heralded by Christian missionaries, notably <a href="/wiki/Hermann_M%C3%B6gling" title="Hermann Mögling">Hermann Mögling</a>, resulted in the founding of printing presses across the kingdom. The publication of ancient and contemporary Kannada books (such as the <a href="/wiki/Pampa_Bharata" class="mw-redirect" title="Pampa Bharata">Pampa Bharata</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jaimini#Jaimini_Bharata" title="Jaimini">Jaimini Bharata</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Kannada" title="Bible translations into Kannada">Kannada-language Bible</a>, a bilingual dictionary and a <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka#Newspapers" title="Media in Karnataka">Kannada newspaper</a> called <a href="/wiki/Mangaluru_Samachara" title="Mangaluru Samachara">Kannada Samachara</a> began in the early 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-press-129">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aluru_Venkata_Rao" title="Aluru Venkata Rao">Aluru Venkata Rao</a> published a consolidated Kannada history glorifying the achievements of <a href="/wiki/Kannadigas" title="Kannadigas">Kannadigas</a> in his book <a href="/wiki/Aluru_Venkata_Rao#Karnataka_Gatha_Vaibhava" title="Aluru Venkata Rao">Karnataka Gatha Vaibhava</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rekindle-130">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/English_drama" title="English drama">Classical English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit drama">Sanskrit drama</a>,<a href="#cite_note-plays-131">[130]</a> and native <a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a> <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical theatre</a> influenced the Kannada stage and produced famous dramatists like <a href="/wiki/Gubbi_Veeranna" title="Gubbi Veeranna">Gubbi Veeranna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-notedmusician-132">[131]</a> The public began to enjoy <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a> through its broadcast via public address systems set up on the palace grounds.<a href="#cite_note-broad-133">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mysore_painting" title="Mysore painting">Mysore paintings</a>, which were inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a>, were created by artists such as <a href="/wiki/Sundarayyar" title="Sundarayyar">Sundarayya</a>, Ala Singarayya, and <a href="/wiki/K._Venkatappa" title="K. Venkatappa">B. Venkatappa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-paint-134">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature_in_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada literature in the Kingdom of Mysore">Kannada literature in the Kingdom of Mysore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_Kannada_literature" title="Modern Kannada literature">Modern Kannada literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opening_page_of_Sritattvanidhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Opening_page_of_Sritattvanidhi.jpg/278px-Opening_page_of_Sritattvanidhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Opening_page_of_Sritattvanidhi.jpg/417px-Opening_page_of_Sritattvanidhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Opening_page_of_Sritattvanidhi.jpg/556px-Opening_page_of_Sritattvanidhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption>Opening page of the <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">musical</a> treatise <a href="/wiki/Sritattvanidhi" title="Sritattvanidhi">Sritattvanidhi</a> proclaiming <a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wodeyar_III" title="Krishnaraja Wodeyar III">Krishnaraja Wodeyar III</a> as the author</figcaption></figure> The era of the Kingdom of Mysore is considered a golden age in the development of <a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada literature</a>. Not only was the Mysore court adorned by famous <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Veerashaiva</a> writers and composers,<a href="#cite_note-lak1-115">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-sri-135">[134]</a> the kings themselves were accomplished in the fine arts and made important contributions.<a href="#cite_note-kan1-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-kan100-137">[136]</a> While conventional literature in philosophy and religion remained popular, writings in new genres such as chronicle, biography, history, encyclopaedia, novel, drama, and musical treatise became popular.<a href="#cite_note-kan2-138">[137]</a> A native form of folk literature with dramatic representation called <a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a> gained popularity.<a href="#cite_note-kan3-139">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-kan4-140">[139]</a> A remarkable development of the later period was the influence of <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a> and classical <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_literature" title="Sanskrit literature">Sanskrit literature</a> on Kannada.<a href="#cite_note-kan8-141">[140]</a> Govinda Vaidya, a native of <a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a>, wrote Kanthirava Narasaraja Vijaya, a eulogy of his patron King Narasaraja I. Written in sangatya metre (a composition meant to be rendered to the accompaniment of a musical instrument), the book describes the king's court, popular music and the types of musical compositions of the age in twenty-six chapters.<a href="#cite_note-kan13-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-kan130-143">[142]</a> King Chikka Devaraja was the earliest composer of the dynasty.<a href="#cite_note-bahadur-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-chikka-144">[143]</a> To him is ascribed the famous treatise on music called Geetha Gopala. Though inspired by <a href="/wiki/Jayadeva" title="Jayadeva">Jayadeva</a>'s Sanskrit work <a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Geetha Govinda</a>, it had an originality of its own and was written in saptapadi metre.<a href="#cite_note-sapta-145">[144]</a> Contemporary poets who left their mark on the entire Kannada-speaking region include the <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Lakshmisa" title="Lakshmisa">Lakshmisa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">itinerant</a> <a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Veerashaiva</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Sarvajna" title="Sarvajna">Sarvajna</a>. Female poets also played a role in literary developments, with Cheluvambe (the queen of Krishnaraja Wodeyar I), Helavanakatte Giriyamma, Sri Rangamma (1685) and Sanchi Honnamma (Hadibadeya Dharma, late 17th century) writing notable works.<a href="#cite_note-had-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-had1-147">[146]</a> A polyglot, King Narasaraja II authored fourteen Yakshaganas in various languages, though all are written in Kannada script.<a href="#cite_note-wod-148">[147]</a> Maharaja Krishnaraja III was a prolific writer in Kannada for which he earned the honorific Abhinava Bhoja (a comparison to the medieval King <a href="/wiki/Bhoja" title="Bhoja">Bhoja</a>).<a href="#cite_note-bhoja-149">[148]</a> Over forty writings are attributed to him, of which the musical treatise <a href="/wiki/Sritattvanidhi" title="Sritattvanidhi">Sri Tatwanidhi</a> and a poetical romance called Saugandika Parinaya written in two versions, a sangatya and a drama, are most well known.<a href="#cite_note-sou-150">[149]</a> Under the patronage of the Maharaja, Kannada literature began its slow and gradual change towards modernity. Kempu Narayana's Mudramanjusha ("The Seal Casket", 1823) is the earliest work that has touches of modern prose.<a href="#cite_note-mudra-151">[150]</a> However, the turning point came with the historically important <a href="/wiki/Adbhuta_Ramayana" title="Adbhuta Ramayana">Adbhuta Ramayana</a> (1895) and Ramaswamedham (1898) by <a href="/wiki/Muddana" title="Muddana">Muddanna</a>, whom the Kannada scholar Narasimha Murthy considers "a <a href="/wiki/Janus" title="Janus">Janus</a> like figure" of modern Kannada literature. Muddanna has deftly handled an ancient epic from an entirely modern viewpoint.<a href="#cite_note-viewpoint-152">[151]</a> Basavappa Shastry, a native of Mysore and a luminary in the court of Maharaja Krishnaraja III and Maharaja Chamaraja X, is known as the "Grandfather of Kannada theatre" (Kannada Nataka Pitamaha).<a href="#cite_note-gowri-153">[152]</a> He authored dramas in Kannada and translated <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a>" to Shurasena Charite. His well-known translations from Sanskrit to Kannada are many and include <a href="/wiki/Kalidasa" title="Kalidasa">Kalidasa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shakuntala_(play)" title="Shakuntala (play)">Abhignyana Shakuntala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-basava-154">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Musicians_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Musicians of the Kingdom of Mysore">Musicians of the Kingdom of Mysore</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veena_Subbanna_Seshanna_1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/70/Veena_Subbanna_Seshanna_1902.jpg/278px-Veena_Subbanna_Seshanna_1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/70/Veena_Subbanna_Seshanna_1902.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption>Legendary <a href="/wiki/Veena" title="Veena">Vainikas</a> – Veene Subbanna and <a href="/wiki/Veene_Sheshanna" title="Veene Sheshanna">Veene Sheshanna</a> (photographed in 1902)</figcaption></figure> Under Maharaja Krishnaraja III and his successors – Chamaraja X, Krishnaraja IV and the last ruler, Jayachamaraja, the Mysore court came to be the largest and most renowned patron of music.<a href="#cite_note-Weidman_2006,_p._66-155">[154]</a> While the Tanjore and Travancore courts also extended great patronage and emphasised preservation of the art, the unique combination of royal patronage of individual musicians, the founding of music schools to kindle public interest and patronage of European music publishers and producers set Mysore apart.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> Maharaja Krishnaraja III, himself a musician and musicologist of merit, composed several javalis (light lyrics) and devotional songs in Kannada under the title Anubhava pancharatna. His compositions bear the <a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">mudra</a>) "Chamundi'" or '"Chamundeshwari'", in honour of the Wodeyar family deity.<a href="#cite_note-krish-157">[156]</a> Under Krishnaraja IV, art received further patronage. A distinct school of music that gave importance to <a href="/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">raga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhava" title="Bhava">bhava</a> evolved.<a href="#cite_note-paint-134">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-king-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-high-159">[158]</a> The Royal School of Music founded at the palace helped institutionalise teaching of the art. Carnatic compositions were printed and the European staff notation came to be employed by royal musicians. Western music was also encouraged – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Cousins" title="Margaret Cousins">Margaret Cousins</a>' piano concerto with the Palace Orchestra marked the celebrations of <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a>'s centenary in Bangalore.<a href="#cite_note-Weidman_2006,_p._66-155">[154]</a> Maharaja Jayachamaraja, also a renowned composer of Carnatic <a href="/wiki/Kriti_(music)" title="Kriti (music)">kritis</a> (a musical composition), sponsored a series of recordings of Russian composer <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Medtner" title="Nikolai Medtner">Nikolai Medtner</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-Weidman_2006,_p._66-155">[154]</a> The court ensured that Carnatic music also kept up with the times. <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">Gramophone recordings</a> of the palace band were made and sold commercially.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> Attention was paid to the "technology of the concert". Lavish sums were spent on acquiring various instruments including the unconventional horn violin, <a href="/wiki/Theremin" title="Theremin">theremin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calliaphone" class="mw-redirect" title="Calliaphone">calliaphone</a>, a mechanical music player.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> The Mysore court was home to several renowned experts (<a href="/wiki/Vidwan" title="Vidwan">vidwan</a>) of the time. <a href="/wiki/Veene_Sheshanna" title="Veene Sheshanna">Veena Sheshanna</a>, a court musician during the rule of Maharaja Chamaraja X,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-162">[161]</a> is considered one of the greatest exponents of the <a href="/wiki/Veena" title="Veena">veena</a>.<a href="#cite_note-expo-163">[162]</a> His achievements in classical music won Mysore a premier place in the art of instrumental Carnatic music and he was given the honorific Vainika Shikhamani by Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV.<a href="#cite_note-shika-164">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Vasudevachar" title="Mysore Vasudevachar">Mysore Vasudevacharya</a> was a noted musician and composer in Sanskrit and <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> from Mysore.<a href="#cite_note-vasudeva-166">[165]</a> He holds the unique distinction of being patronised by four generations of Mysore kings and rulers and for being court musician to three of them.<a href="#cite_note-vasu-167">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-book-168">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muthiah_Bhagavatar" title="Muthiah Bhagavatar">H.L. Muthiah Bhagavatar</a> was another musician-composer who adorned the Mysore court.<a href="#cite_note-mutiahbhagava-169">[168]</a> Considered one of the most important composers of the post-<a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a> period,<a href="#cite_note-tayaga-170">[169]</a> he is credited with about 400 compositions in Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> under the pen name "Harikesha". Among <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violinists</a>, <a href="/wiki/T._Chowdiah" class="mw-redirect" title="T. Chowdiah">T. Chowdiah</a> emerged as one of the most accomplished exponents of the time. He is known to have mastered the seven-stringed violin.<a href="#cite_note-notedmusician-132">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-chow-171">[170]</a> Chowdiah was appointed court musician by Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV in 1939 and received such titles as "Sangeeta Ratna" and "Sangeeta Kalanidhi". He is credited with compositions in Kannada, Telugu and Sanskrit under the pen name "Trimakuta".<a href="#cite_note-tiru-172">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_buildings_and_structures_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="List of religious buildings and structures of the Kingdom of Mysore">List of religious buildings and structures of the Kingdom of Mysore</a></div> The architectural style of courtly and royal structures in the kingdom underwent profound changes during British rule – a mingling of European traditions with native elements. The Hindu temples in the kingdom were built in typical South Indian <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_architecture" title="Dravidian architecture">Dravidian</a> style – a modest version of the Vijayanagara building idiom.<a href="#cite_note-idiom-173">[172]</a> When in power, Tipu Sultan constructed two places namely Lal Mahal Palace (later destroyed after the siege of Serirangpatnam in 1799), the Summer Palace and the famous Masjid e Aala in Srirangapatna, his capital. However, it is the city of Mysore that is best known for its royal palaces, earning it the nickname "City of Palaces". The city's main palace, the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Palace" title="Mysore Palace">Mysore Palace</a>, is also known as the Amba Vilas Palace. The original complex was destroyed by fire and a new palace was commissioned by the Queen-Regent and designed by the English architect <a href="/wiki/Henry_Irwin" title="Henry Irwin">Henry Irwin</a> in 1897.<a href="#cite_note-structure-174">[173]</a> The overall design is a combination of <a href="/wiki/Hindu_architecture" title="Hindu architecture">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Saracenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Saracenic">Indo-Saracenic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish</a> styles, which for the first time in India, used cast iron columns and roof frames. The striking feature of the exterior is the granite columns that support cusped arches on the portico, a tall tower whose finial is a gilded dome with an umbrella (<a href="/wiki/Chhatri" title="Chhatri">chattri</a>) on it, and groups of other domes around it.<a href="#cite_note-decoration-175">[174]</a> The interior is richly decorated with marbled walls and a teakwood ceiling on which are sculptures of Hindu deities. The <a href="/wiki/Durbar_(court)" title="Durbar (court)">Durbar</a> hall leads to an inner private hall through silver doors. This opulent room has floor panels that are inlaid with semi-precious stones, and a stained glass roof supported centrally by columns and arches. The marriage hall (Kalyana mantapa) in the palace complex is noted for its stained glass octagonal dome with peacock motifs.<a href="#cite_note-arches-176">[175]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Lalitha_Mahal" title="Lalitha Mahal">Lalitha Mahal</a> Palace was built in 1921 by E. W. Fritchley under the commission of Maharaja Krishnaraja IV. The architectural style is called "Renaissance" and exhibits concepts from English <a href="/wiki/Manor_house" title="Manor house">manor houses</a> and Italian <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_style_architecture" title="Palazzo style architecture">palazzos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lalith-177">[176]</a> The central dome is believed to be modelled on <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's Cathedral">St. Paul's Cathedral</a> in London. Other important features are the Italian marble staircase, the polished wooden flooring in the banquet and dance halls, and the Belgian cut glass lamps.<a href="#cite_note-lalith-177">[176]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jaganmohan_Palace" title="Jaganmohan Palace">Jaganmohan Palace</a> was commissioned in 1861 and was completed in 1910. The three-storeyed building with attractive <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">domes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finial" title="Finial">finials</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cupola" title="Cupola">cupolas</a> was the venue of many a royal celebration. It is now called the Chamarajendra Art Gallery and houses a rich collection of artefacts.<a href="#cite_note-rich-178">[177]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mysore_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore University">Mysore University</a> campus, also called "Manasa Gangotri", is home to several architecturally interesting buildings. Some of them are in European style and were completed in the late 19th century. They include the <a href="/wiki/Jayalakshmi_Vilas" title="Jayalakshmi Vilas">Jayalakshmi Vilas</a> mansion, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mysore" title="University of Mysore">Crawford Hall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Research_Institute_Mysore" title="Oriental Research Institute Mysore">Oriental Research Institute</a> (built between 1887 and 1891) with its <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian</a> columns, and the district offices (Athara Kutchery, 1887). The Athara Kutchery, which initially served as the office of the British commissioner, has an octagonal dome and a finial that adds to its beauty.<a href="#cite_note-octogen-179">[178]</a> The Maharaja's summer palace, built in 1880, is called the Lokaranjan Mahal and initially served as a school for royalty. The <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Vilas" title="Rajendra Vilas">Rajendra Vilas</a> Palace, built in the Indo-British style atop the <a href="/wiki/Chamundi_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamundi Hill">Chamundi Hill</a>, was commissioned in 1922 and completed in 1938 by Maharaja Krishnaraja IV.<a href="#cite_note-lalith-177">[176]</a> Other royal mansions built by the Mysore rulers were the Chittaranjan Mahal in Mysore and the <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Palace" title="Bangalore Palace">Bangalore Palace</a> in Bangalore, a structure built on the lines of England's <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wind-180">[179]</a> The Central Food Technical Research Institute (<a href="/wiki/Cheluvamba_Mansion" title="Cheluvamba Mansion">Cheluvamba Mansion</a>), built in <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">baroque</a> European renaissance style, was once the residence of princess Cheluvambaamani Avaru, a sister of Maharaja Krishnaraja IV. Its extensive <a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilaster</a> work and mosaic flooring are noteworthy.<a href="#cite_note-baroque-181">[180]</a> Most famous among the many temples built by the Wodeyars is the <a href="/wiki/Chamundeshwari_Temple" title="Chamundeshwari Temple">Chamundeshwari Temple</a> atop the <a href="/wiki/Chamundi_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamundi Hill">Chamundi Hill</a>. The earliest structure here was consecrated in the 12th century and was later patronised by the Mysore rulers. Maharaja Krishnaraja III added a Dravidian-style <a href="/wiki/Gopuram" title="Gopuram">gopuram</a> in 1827. The temple has silver-plated doors with images of deities. Other images include those of the Hindu god <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a> and of Maharaja Krishnaraja III with his three queens.<a href="#cite_note-hill-182">[181]</a> Surrounding the main palace in Mysore and inside the fort are <a href="/wiki/Group_of_temples_at_the_Amba_Vilas_Palace,_Mysore" title="Group of temples at the Amba Vilas Palace, Mysore">a group of temples</a>, built in various periods. The Prasanna Krishnaswamy Temple (1829), the Lakshmiramana Swamy Temple whose earliest structures date to 1499, the Trinesvara Swamy Temple (late 16th century), the Shweta Varaha Swamy Temple built by Purnaiah with a touch of <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_architecture" title="Hoysala architecture">Hoysala</a> style of architecture, the Prasanna Venkataramana Swami Temple (1836) notable for 12 murals of the Wodeyar rulers.<a href="#cite_note-atri-183">[182]</a> Well-known temples outside Mysore city are the <a href="/wiki/Yali_(Hindu_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yali (Hindu mythology)">yali</a> ("mythical beast") pillared <a href="/wiki/Kote_Venkataramana_Temple,_Bangalore" title="Kote Venkataramana Temple, Bangalore">Venkataramana temple</a> built in the late 17th century at <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Fort" title="Bangalore Fort">Bangalore fort</a>, and the Ranganatha temple in Srirangapatna.<a href="#cite_note-notable_temples-184">[183]</a> Tipu Sultan built a wooden collonaded palace called the <a href="/wiki/Daria_Daulat_Bagh" title="Daria Daulat Bagh">Dariya Daulat Palace</a> (lit, "garden of the wealth of the sea") in Srirangapatna in 1784. Built in the Indo-Saracenic style, the palace is known for its intricate woodwork consisting of ornamental arches, striped columns floral designs, and paintings. The west wall of the palace is covered with murals depicting Tipu Sultan's victory over <a href="/wiki/William_Baillie_(East_India_Company_officer)" title="William Baillie (East India Company officer)">Colonel Baillie</a>'s army at Pollilur, near <a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchipuram</a> in 1780. One mural shows Tipu enjoying the fragrance of a bouquet while the battle is in progress. In that painting, the French soldiers' <a href="/wiki/Moustache" title="Moustache">moustaches</a> distinguish them from the cleanshaven British soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-chamundi6-185">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-floraldesign-186">[185]</a> Also in Srirangapatna is the Gumbaz <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a>, built by Tipu Sultan in 1784. It houses the graves of Tipu and Hyder Ali. The granite base is capped with a dome built of brick and pilasters.<a href="#cite_note-pilaster-187">[186]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mysore_Palace,_India_(photo_-_Jim_Ankan_Deka).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mysore Palace"><img alt="Mysore Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mysore_Palace%2C_India_%28photo_-_Jim_Ankan_Deka%29.jpg/120px-Mysore_Palace%2C_India_%28photo_-_Jim_Ankan_Deka%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mysore_Palace%2C_India_%28photo_-_Jim_Ankan_Deka%29.jpg/180px-Mysore_Palace%2C_India_%28photo_-_Jim_Ankan_Deka%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mysore_Palace%2C_India_%28photo_-_Jim_Ankan_Deka%29.jpg/240px-Mysore_Palace%2C_India_%28photo_-_Jim_Ankan_Deka%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="528" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mysore Palace</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Chamundeshwari_Temple_Mysore_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Gopura (tower) of the Chamundeshwari Temple on the Chamundi Hills. The temple is dedicated to Mysore's patron deity."><img alt="The Gopura (tower) of the Chamundeshwari Temple on the Chamundi Hills. The temple is dedicated to Mysore's patron deity." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Chamundeshwari_Temple_Mysore_2.jpg/79px-Chamundeshwari_Temple_Mysore_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Chamundeshwari_Temple_Mysore_2.jpg/118px-Chamundeshwari_Temple_Mysore_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Chamundeshwari_Temple_Mysore_2.jpg/158px-Chamundeshwari_Temple_Mysore_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="1780" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Gopuram" title="Gopuram">Gopura</a> (tower) of the <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Chamundeshwari</a> Temple on the <a href="/wiki/Chamundi_Hills" title="Chamundi Hills">Chamundi Hills</a>. The temple is dedicated to Mysore's patron deity.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagan_mohan_palace2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Jaganmohan Palace at Mysore – now an art gallery which is home to some of Raja Ravi Varma's masterpieces"><img alt="The Jaganmohan Palace at Mysore – now an art gallery which is home to some of Raja Ravi Varma's masterpieces" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Jagan_mohan_palace2.jpg/120px-Jagan_mohan_palace2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Jagan_mohan_palace2.jpg/180px-Jagan_mohan_palace2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Jagan_mohan_palace2.jpg/240px-Jagan_mohan_palace2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Jaganmohan_Palace" title="Jaganmohan Palace">Jaganmohan Palace</a> at Mysore – now an art gallery which is home to some of <a href="/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma">Raja Ravi Varma</a>'s masterpieces</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gumbaz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tipu Sultan's tomb at Srirangapatna"><img alt="Tipu Sultan's tomb at Srirangapatna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gumbaz.jpg/103px-Gumbaz.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gumbaz.jpg/155px-Gumbaz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gumbaz.jpg/207px-Gumbaz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="892" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>'s tomb at <a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lalitha_mahal_mysore_ml_wiki.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lalitha Mahal at Mysore, now a five-star hotel, plays host to visiting dignitaries and VIPs."><img alt="Lalitha Mahal at Mysore, now a five-star hotel, plays host to visiting dignitaries and VIPs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lalitha_mahal_mysore_ml_wiki.JPG/120px-Lalitha_mahal_mysore_ml_wiki.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lalitha_mahal_mysore_ml_wiki.JPG/180px-Lalitha_mahal_mysore_ml_wiki.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lalitha_mahal_mysore_ml_wiki.JPG/240px-Lalitha_mahal_mysore_ml_wiki.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1520" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lalitha_Mahal" title="Lalitha Mahal">Lalitha Mahal</a> at Mysore, now a <a href="/wiki/Five-star_hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Five-star hotel">five-star hotel</a>, plays host to visiting dignitaries and <a href="/wiki/Very_Important_Person" class="mw-redirect" title="Very Important Person">VIPs</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_and_technology_in_Mysore">Science and technology in Mysore</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Science and technology in Mysore">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rocket_science_&_rocket_artillery">Rocket science & rocket artillery</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Rocket science & rocket artillery">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mysorean_rockets" title="Mysorean rockets">Mysorean rockets</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congreve_rocket_img_2950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Congreve_rocket_img_2950.jpg/220px-Congreve_rocket_img_2950.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Congreve_rocket_img_2950.jpg/330px-Congreve_rocket_img_2950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Congreve_rocket_img_2950.jpg/440px-Congreve_rocket_img_2950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>Tip of an early Mysorean rocket/Congreve rocket of the Napoleonic Wars, on display at Paris Naval Museum</figcaption></figure> The first iron-cased and metal-<a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(firearms)" title="Cylinder (firearms)">cylinder</a> <a href="/wiki/Rocket_artillery" title="Rocket artillery">rocket artillery</a> were invented by <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a> and his father <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a>, in the 1780s. He successfully used these metal-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rockets</a> against the larger forces of the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a>. The Mysore rockets of this period were much more advanced than what the British had seen, chiefly because of the use of iron tubes for holding the propellant; this enabled higher thrust and longer range for the missile (up to 2 km (1 mi) range). After Tipu's eventual defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth Anglo-Mysore War</a> and the capture of the Mysore iron rockets, they were influential in British rocket development, inspiring the <a href="/wiki/Congreve_rocket" title="Congreve rocket">Congreve rocket</a>, which was soon put into use in the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> According to Stephen Oliver Fought and John F. Guilmartin Jr. in <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (2008): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>, developed war rockets with an important change: the use of metal cylinders to contain the <a href="/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion">combustion</a> powder. Although the hammered soft iron he used was crude, the bursting strength of the container of black powder was much higher than the earlier paper construction. Thus a greater internal pressure was possible, with a resultant greater thrust of the propulsive jet. The rocket body was lashed with leather thongs to a long bamboo stick. The range was perhaps up to three-quarters of a mile (more than a kilometre). Although individually these rockets were not accurate, dispersion error became less important when large numbers were fired rapidly in mass attacks. They were particularly effective against cavalry and were hurled into the air, after lighting, or skimmed along the hard dry ground. Tipu Sultan, continued to develop and expand the use of rocket weapons, reportedly increasing the number of rocket troops from 1,200 to a corps of 5,000. In battles at <a href="/wiki/Seringapatam" class="mw-redirect" title="Seringapatam">Seringapatam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Seringapatam_(1792)" title="Siege of Seringapatam (1792)">1792</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Seringapatam_(1799)" title="Siege of Seringapatam (1799)">1799</a> these rockets were used with considerable effect against the British."<a href="#cite_note-r&ms-189">[188]</a> </blockquote> The rockets were observed by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Desaguliers" title="Thomas Desaguliers">Thomas Desaguliers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colonel_commandant" title="Colonel commandant">colonel commandant</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a> at Woolwich, who was impressed by reports of their effectiveness, and undertook several unsuccessful experiments to produce his rocket weapons. Several captured Mysorean rockets were sent to England following the annexation of the Mysorean kingdom into <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">British India</a> following the death of <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Seringapatam_(1799)" title="Siege of Seringapatam (1799)">siege of Seringapatam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Narasimha-190">[189]</a> The British research led to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Congreve_rocket" title="Congreve rocket">Congreve rocket</a>, designed by British inventor <a href="/wiki/William_Congreve_(inventor)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Congreve (inventor)">Sir William Congreve</a> in 1808.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_soldier_of_Tipu_Sultan%27s_army.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Indian_soldier_of_Tipu_Sultan%27s_army.jpg/170px-Indian_soldier_of_Tipu_Sultan%27s_army.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="570" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Indian_soldier_of_Tipu_Sultan%27s_army.jpg/255px-Indian_soldier_of_Tipu_Sultan%27s_army.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Indian_soldier_of_Tipu_Sultan%27s_army.jpg/340px-Indian_soldier_of_Tipu_Sultan%27s_army.jpg 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="2416" /></a><figcaption>A soldier from Tipu Sultan's army, using his <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rocket</a> as a flagstaff.</figcaption></figure> Dr <a href="/wiki/APJ_Abdul_Kalam" class="mw-redirect" title="APJ Abdul Kalam">APJ Abdul Kalam</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>, in his Tipu Sultan Shaheed Memorial Lecture in Bangalore (30 November 1991), called Tipu Sultan the innovator of the world's first war rocket. Two of these rockets, captured by the British at Srirangapatna, were displayed in the <a href="/wiki/Firepower_-_The_Royal_Artillery_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Firepower - The Royal Artillery Museum">Royal Artillery Museum</a> in London. According to historian Dr <a href="/wiki/Dulari_Qureshi" title="Dulari Qureshi">Dulari Qureshi</a> Tipu Sultan was a fierce warrior king and was so quick in his movement that it seemed to the enemy that he was fighting on many fronts at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-hindu-192">[191]</a> Tipu Sultan's father had expanded on <a href="/wiki/Mysorean_rockets" title="Mysorean rockets">Mysore's use of rocketry</a>, making critical innovations in the rockets themselves and the military logistics of their use. He deployed as many as 1,200 specialised troops in his army to operate rocket launchers. These men were skilled in operating the weapons and were trained to launch their rockets at an angle calculated from the diameter of the cylinder and the distance to the target. The rockets had twin side sharpened blades mounted on them, and when fired en masse, spun and wreaked significant damage against a large army. Tipu greatly expanded the use of rockets after Hyder's death, deploying as many as 5,000 rocketeers at a time.<a href="#cite_note-5000_rockets-193">[192]</a> The rockets deployed by Tipu during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pollilur_(1780)" title="Battle of Pollilur (1780)">Battle of Pollilur</a> were much more advanced than those the British East India Company had previously seen, chiefly because of the use of iron tubes for holding the propellant; this enabled higher thrust and longer range for the missiles (up to 2 km range).<a href="#cite_note-5000_rockets-193">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-Narasimha-190">[189]</a> British accounts describe the use of the rockets during the third and fourth wars.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> During the climactic battle at Srirangapatna in 1799, British shells struck a magazine containing rockets, causing it to explode and send a towering cloud of black smoke with cascades of exploding white light rising from the battlements. After Tipu's defeat in the Fourth War, the British captured a number of the Mysorean rockets. These became influential in British rocket development, inspiring the <a href="/wiki/Congreve_rocket" title="Congreve rocket">Congreve rocket</a>, which was soon put into use in the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Narasimha-190">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tipu's_Tiger">Tipu's Tiger</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tipu's Tiger">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Tipu%27s_Tiger" title="Tipu's Tiger">Tipu's Tigeris</a> an 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Automaton" title="Automaton">automaton</a> or mechanical toy created for <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>, the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore (present-day <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>) in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. The carved and painted wood casing represents a tiger mauling a near-life-size European man. Mechanisms inside the tiger and the man's body make one hand of the man move, emit a wailing sound from his mouth and grunt from the tiger. In addition, a flap on the side of the tiger folds down to reveal the keyboard of a small <a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">pipe organ</a> with 18 notes.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> The automaton makes use of his emblem of the tiger and expresses his hatred of his enemy, the British of the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>. The tiger was taken from his <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan%27s_Summer_Palace" title="Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace">summer palace</a> when East India Company troops <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Seringapatam" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Seringapatam">stormed Tipu's capital</a> in 1799. The <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mornington" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mornington">Lord Mornington</a>, sent the tiger to Britain initially intending it to be an exhibit in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>. First exhibited to the London public in 1808 in <a href="/wiki/East_India_House" title="East India House">East India House</a>, then the offices of the East India Company in London, it was later transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> (V&A) in 1880 (accession number 2545(IS)).<a href="#cite_note-V&A_web-196">[195]</a> It now forms part of the permanent exhibit on the "Imperial courts of South India".<a href="#cite_note-HallamStreet2000-197">[196]</a> From the moment it arrived in London to the present day, Tipu's Tiger has been a popular attraction to the public. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:War_coat_of_Tipu_Sultan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="War coat used by Tipu Sultan of Mysore.c. 1785-1790"><img alt="War coat used by Tipu Sultan of Mysore.c. 1785-1790" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/War_coat_of_Tipu_Sultan.jpg/135px-War_coat_of_Tipu_Sultan.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/War_coat_of_Tipu_Sultan.jpg/202px-War_coat_of_Tipu_Sultan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/War_coat_of_Tipu_Sultan.jpg/270px-War_coat_of_Tipu_Sultan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">War coat used by Tipu Sultan of Mysore.c. 1785-1790</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flintlock_Blunderbuss_Tipoo_Sahib_Seringapatam_1793_1794.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A flintlock blunderbuss, built for Tipu Sultan in Srirangapatna, 1793–94. Tipu Sultan used many Western craftsmen, and this gun reflects the most up-to-date technologies of the time.[197]"><img alt="A flintlock blunderbuss, built for Tipu Sultan in Srirangapatna, 1793–94. Tipu Sultan used many Western craftsmen, and this gun reflects the most up-to-date technologies of the time.[197]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flintlock_Blunderbuss_Tipoo_Sahib_Seringapatam_1793_1794.jpg/180px-Flintlock_Blunderbuss_Tipoo_Sahib_Seringapatam_1793_1794.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flintlock_Blunderbuss_Tipoo_Sahib_Seringapatam_1793_1794.jpg/270px-Flintlock_Blunderbuss_Tipoo_Sahib_Seringapatam_1793_1794.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flintlock_Blunderbuss_Tipoo_Sahib_Seringapatam_1793_1794.jpg/360px-Flintlock_Blunderbuss_Tipoo_Sahib_Seringapatam_1793_1794.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2924" data-file-height="795" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">flintlock</a> <a href="/wiki/Blunderbuss" title="Blunderbuss">blunderbuss</a>, built for Tipu Sultan in <a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a>, 1793–94. Tipu Sultan used many Western craftsmen, and this gun reflects the most up-to-date technologies of the time.<a href="#cite_note-Moma-198">[197]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tipu_Sultan%27s_cannon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Very small Cannon used by Tipu Sultan's forces now in Government Museum (Egmore), Chennai"><img alt="Very small Cannon used by Tipu Sultan's forces now in Government Museum (Egmore), Chennai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tipu_Sultan%27s_cannon.jpg/180px-Tipu_Sultan%27s_cannon.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tipu_Sultan%27s_cannon.jpg/270px-Tipu_Sultan%27s_cannon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tipu_Sultan%27s_cannon.jpg/360px-Tipu_Sultan%27s_cannon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1424" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Very small Cannon used by Tipu Sultan's forces now in Government Museum (Egmore), Chennai</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tippu%27s_cannon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cannon used by Tipu Sultan's forces at the battle of Srirangapatna 1799"><img alt="Cannon used by Tipu Sultan's forces at the battle of Srirangapatna 1799" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tippu%27s_cannon.jpg/180px-Tippu%27s_cannon.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tippu%27s_cannon.jpg/270px-Tippu%27s_cannon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tippu%27s_cannon.jpg/360px-Tippu%27s_cannon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cannon used by Tipu Sultan's forces at the battle of <a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a> 1799</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannon_Haidari_at_Kutch_Museum,_Bhuj,_Kutch,_Gujarat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cannon Haidari, a cannon gifted by Tipu Sultan to Fateh Muhammad."><img alt="Cannon Haidari, a cannon gifted by Tipu Sultan to Fateh Muhammad." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cannon_Haidari_at_Kutch_Museum%2C_Bhuj%2C_Kutch%2C_Gujarat.jpg/180px-Cannon_Haidari_at_Kutch_Museum%2C_Bhuj%2C_Kutch%2C_Gujarat.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cannon_Haidari_at_Kutch_Museum%2C_Bhuj%2C_Kutch%2C_Gujarat.jpg/270px-Cannon_Haidari_at_Kutch_Museum%2C_Bhuj%2C_Kutch%2C_Gujarat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cannon_Haidari_at_Kutch_Museum%2C_Bhuj%2C_Kutch%2C_Gujarat.jpg/360px-Cannon_Haidari_at_Kutch_Museum%2C_Bhuj%2C_Kutch%2C_Gujarat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cannon Haidari, a cannon gifted by <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a> to Fateh Muhammad.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Congreve_rockets.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Tipu Sultan organised his Rocket artillery brigades known as Cushoons, Tipu Sultan expanded the number of servicemen in the various Cushoons from 1500 to almost 5000. The Mysorean rockets utilised by Tipu Sultan, were later updated by the British and successively employed during the Napoleonic Wars."><img alt="Tipu Sultan organised his Rocket artillery brigades known as Cushoons, Tipu Sultan expanded the number of servicemen in the various Cushoons from 1500 to almost 5000. The Mysorean rockets utilised by Tipu Sultan, were later updated by the British and successively employed during the Napoleonic Wars." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Congreve_rockets.gif/180px-Congreve_rockets.gif" decoding="async" width="180" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Congreve_rockets.gif/270px-Congreve_rockets.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Congreve_rockets.gif/360px-Congreve_rockets.gif 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1050" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tipu Sultan organised his <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">Rocket</a> artillery brigades known as Cushoons, Tipu Sultan expanded the number of servicemen in the various Cushoons from 1500 to almost 5000. The <a href="/wiki/Mysorean_rockets" title="Mysorean rockets">Mysorean rockets</a> utilised by Tipu Sultan, were later updated by the British and successively employed during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tipu%27s_Tiger_front_view_2006AH4173.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tipu's Tiger in the V&A Museum, London showing the prostrate European being attacked"><img alt="Tipu's Tiger in the V&A Museum, London showing the prostrate European being attacked" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tipu%27s_Tiger_front_view_2006AH4173.jpg/141px-Tipu%27s_Tiger_front_view_2006AH4173.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tipu%27s_Tiger_front_view_2006AH4173.jpg/212px-Tipu%27s_Tiger_front_view_2006AH4173.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tipu%27s_Tiger_front_view_2006AH4173.jpg/282px-Tipu%27s_Tiger_front_view_2006AH4173.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="768" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tipu's Tiger in the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">V&A Museum</a>, London showing the prostrate European being attacked</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tipu_Sultan%27s_Tiger.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Side view, showing how the handle when turned gets in the way of the player of the keyboard"><img alt="Side view, showing how the handle when turned gets in the way of the player of the keyboard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tipu_Sultan%27s_Tiger.JPG/180px-Tipu_Sultan%27s_Tiger.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tipu_Sultan%27s_Tiger.JPG/270px-Tipu_Sultan%27s_Tiger.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tipu_Sultan%27s_Tiger.JPG/360px-Tipu_Sultan%27s_Tiger.JPG 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="489" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Side view, showing how the handle when turned gets in the way of the player of the keyboard</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kingdom_of_Mysore" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_princely_states" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian princely states">List of Indian princely states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysorean_invasion_of_Malabar" title="Mysorean invasion of Malabar">Mysorean invasion of Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Political integration of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> "Their language is Moorish[Urdu] but they also speak Persian. I have a deep knowledge [je possède à fond] of the common tongue of India, called Moors by the English, and Ourdouzebain by the natives of the land"<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbkwgl.wordpress.com/2015/08/30/kayo-shri-gowri-mysore-state-anthem/">"Kayou Shri Gowri Anthem"</a>. 30 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kayou+Shri+Gowri+Anthem&rft.date=2015-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcbkwgl.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F08%2F30%2Fkayo-shri-gowri-mysore-state-anthem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubrahmanyam2017" class="citation book cs1">Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=71h7DgAAQBAJ&dq=follow+theme+in+their+conversation,+even+though+i+have+a+deep+knowledge+%5Bje+possede+a+fond%5D+of+the+common+tongue+of+India,+called+Moors+by+the+English,+and+Ourdouzebain+by+the+natives+of+the+land.&pg=PA259">Europe's India: Words, People, Empires, 1500–1800</a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674977556" title="Special:BookSources/9780674977556"><bdi>9780674977556</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%27s+India%3A+Words%2C+People%2C+Empires%2C+1500%E2%80%931800&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780674977556&rft.aulast=Subrahmanyam&rft.aufirst=Sanjay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D71h7DgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dfollow%2Btheme%2Bin%2Btheir%2Bconversation%2C%2Beven%2Bthough%2Bi%2Bhave%2Ba%2Bdeep%2Bknowledge%2B%255Bje%2Bpossede%2Ba%2Bfond%255D%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bcommon%2Btongue%2Bof%2BIndia%2C%2Bcalled%2BMoors%2Bby%2Bthe%2BEnglish%2C%2Band%2BOurdouzebain%2Bby%2Bthe%2Bnatives%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bland.%26pg%3DPA259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLethbridge1893" class="citation book cs1">Lethbridge, Sir Roper (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3kwoAAAAYAAJ">The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated, of the Indian Empire</a>. Macmillan. p. 362.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Book+of+India%3A+A+Genealogical+and+Biographical+Dictionary+of+the+Ruling+Princes%2C+Chiefs%2C+Nobles%2C+and+Other+Personages%2C+Titled+Or+Decorated%2C+of+the+Indian+Empire&rft.pages=362&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Lethbridge&rft.aufirst=Sir+Roper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3kwoAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.notesonindianhistory.com/2018/03/raja-wodeyars-conquest-of-srirangapatna.html">"Raja Wodeyar's Conquest of Srirangapatna"</a>. 26 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206021133/https://www.notesonindianhistory.com/2018/03/raja-wodeyars-conquest-of-srirangapatna.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Raja+Wodeyar%27s+Conquest+of+Srirangapatna&rft.date=2018-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.notesonindianhistory.com%2F2018%2F03%2Fraja-wodeyars-conquest-of-srirangapatna.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yazdani-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Yazdani_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYazdani2017" class="citation cs2">Yazdani, Kaveh (2017), India, Modernity and the Great Divergence: Mysore and Gujarat (17th to 19th C.), Brill Publisher, p. 115, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004330795" title="Special:BookSources/9789004330795"><bdi>9789004330795</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%2C+Modernity+and+the+Great+Divergence%3A+Mysore+and+Gujarat+%2817th+to+19th+C.%29&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Brill+Publisher&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9789004330795&rft.aulast=Yazdani&rft.aufirst=Kaveh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simmons-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimmons2020" class="citation cs2">Simmons, Caleb (2020), Devotional Sovereignty: Kingship and Religion in India, Oxford University Press, pp. 10–12, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190088897" title="Special:BookSources/9780190088897"><bdi>9780190088897</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Devotional+Sovereignty%3A+Kingship+and+Religion+in+India&rft.pages=10-12&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780190088897&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=Caleb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hist5-8"><a href="#cite_ref-hist5_8-0">^</a> Rajakaryaprasakta Rao Bahadur (1936), pg. 383 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Roddam Narasimha (May 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nal-ir.nal.res.in/2382/01/tr_pd_du_8503_R66305.pdf">Rockets in Mysore and Britain, 1750–1850 A.D.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927182042/http://nal-ir.nal.res.in/2382/01/tr_pd_du_8503_R66305.pdf">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Published by the National Aeronautical Laboratory. </li> <li id="cite_note-vamsha-10"><a href="#cite_ref-vamsha_10-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), pp. 11–12, pp. 226–227; Pranesh (2003), p. 11 </li> <li id="cite_note-vamsha10-11"><a href="#cite_ref-vamsha10_11-0">^</a> Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 23 </li> <li id="cite_note-vamsa-12"><a href="#cite_ref-vamsa_12-0">^</a> Subrahmanyam (2003), p. 64; Rice E.P. (1921), p. 89 </li> <li id="cite_note-cha-13"><a href="#cite_ref-cha_13-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), p. 226 </li> <li id="cite_note-feud-14"><a href="#cite_ref-feud_14-0">^</a> Rice B.L. (1897), p. 361 </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIkegame2013" class="citation book cs1">Ikegame, Aya (7 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bV5ElF17ezwC&pg=PA76">Princely India Re-imagined: A Historical Anthropology of Mysore from 1799 to the present</a>. Routledge. pp. 76–77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-55449-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-55449-7"><bdi>978-0-415-55449-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126144336/https://books.google.com/books?id=bV5ElF17ezwC&pg=PA76#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Princely+India+Re-imagined%3A+A+Historical+Anthropology+of+Mysore+from+1799+to+the+present&rft.pages=76-77&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-05-07&rft.isbn=978-0-415-55449-7&rft.aulast=Ikegame&rft.aufirst=Aya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbV5ElF17ezwC%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dwarka-16"><a href="#cite_ref-dwarka_16-0">^</a> Pranesh (2003), pp. 2–3 </li> <li id="cite_note-opportune-17"><a href="#cite_ref-opportune_17-0">^</a> Wilks, Aiyangar in Aiyangar and Smith (1911), pp. 275–276 </li> <li id="cite_note-title-18"><a href="#cite_ref-title_18-0">^</a> Aiyangar (1911), p. 275; Pranesh (2003), p. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-prin-19"><a href="#cite_ref-prin_19-0">^</a> Stein (1989), p. 82 </li> <li id="cite_note-soldier-20"><a href="#cite_ref-soldier_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStein1987">Stein 1987</a>, p. 82 </li> <li id="cite_note-timma-21"><a href="#cite_ref-timma_21-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), p. 227 </li> <li id="cite_note-bald-22"><a href="#cite_ref-bald_22-0">^</a> Subrahmanyam (2001), p. 67 </li> <li id="cite_note-channa-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-channa_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-channa_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-channa_23-2">c</a> Subrahmanyam (2001), p. 68 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Venkata Ramanappa, M. 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(1975), p.201 </li> <li id="cite_note-coimbotore-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coimbotore_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coimbotore_27-1">b</a> Subrahmanyam (2001), p. 68; Kamath (2001), p. 228 </li> <li id="cite_note-alliance-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alliance_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alliance_28-1">b</a> Subrahmanyam (2001), p. 71 </li> <li id="cite_note-early-29"><a href="#cite_ref-early_29-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), pp. 228–229 </li> <li id="cite_note-salem-30"><a href="#cite_ref-salem_30-0">^</a> Subrahmanyam (2001), p. 69; Kamath (2001), pp. 228–229 </li> <li id="cite_note-coast-31"><a href="#cite_ref-coast_31-0">^</a> Subrahmanyam (2001), p. 69 </li> <li id="cite_note-reverse-32"><a href="#cite_ref-reverse_32-0">^</a> Subrahmanyam (2001), p. 70 </li> <li id="cite_note-peinisular-33"><a href="#cite_ref-peinisular_33-0">^</a> Subrahmanyam (2001), pp. 70–71; Kamath (2001), p. 229 </li> <li id="cite_note-right-34"><a href="#cite_ref-right_34-0">^</a> Pranesh (2003), pp. 44–45 </li> <li id="cite_note-bahadur-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bahadur_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bahadur_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bahadur_35-2">c</a> Kamath (2001), p. 230 </li> <li id="cite_note-prow-36"><a href="#cite_ref-prow_36-0">^</a> Shama Rao in Kamath (2001), p. 233 </li> <li id="cite_note-prow1-37"><a href="#cite_ref-prow1_37-0">^</a> Quote: "A military genius and a man of vigour, valour and resourcefulness" (Chopra et al. 2003, p. 76) </li> <li id="cite_note-Venkata_Ramanappa_1975_p._207-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Venkata_Ramanappa_1975_p._207_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Venkata_Ramanappa_1975_p._207_38-1">b</a> Venkata Ramanappa, M. 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(2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xm8--tAjcUYC&pg=PA194">"Reflections on the fate of Tippoo's Tiger - Defining cultures through public display"</a>. In Hallam, Elizabeth (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xm8--tAjcUYC">Cultural encounters: representing otherness</a>. Street, Brian V. Routledge. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-20280-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-20280-0"><bdi>978-0-415-20280-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reflections+on+the+fate+of+Tippoo%27s+Tiger+-+Defining+cultures+through+public+display&rft.btitle=Cultural+encounters%3A+representing+otherness&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-20280-0&rft.au=Ivan&rft.au=Corinne+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXm8--tAjcUYC%26pg%3DPA194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-Moma-198"><a href="#cite_ref-Moma_198-0">^</a> Exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbramEdwardsFordSen2003" class="citation book cs1">Abram, David; Edwards, Nick; Ford, Mike; Sen, Devdan; Wooldridge, Beth (2003). South India. Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84353-103-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-84353-103-8"><bdi>1-84353-103-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+India&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-84353-103-8&rft.aulast=Abram&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Nick&rft.au=Ford%2C+Mike&rft.au=Sen%2C+Devdan&rft.au=Wooldridge%2C+Beth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAiyangar1911" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/S._Krishnaswami_Aiyangar" title="S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar">Aiyangar, Krishnaswami S.</a> (1911). Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History of Southern India. New Delhi: (Facsimile Reprint 2004) Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-1850-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-1850-5"><bdi>81-206-1850-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+India%3A+Collected+Essays+on+the+Literary+and+Political+History+of+Southern+India&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=%28Facsimile+Reprint+2004%29+Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1911&rft.isbn=81-206-1850-5&rft.aulast=Aiyangar&rft.aufirst=Krishnaswami+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakshi1996" class="citation book cs1">Bakshi, Shiri Ram (1996). Gandhi and the Congress. New Delhi: Sarup and Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85431-65-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-85431-65-5"><bdi>81-85431-65-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gandhi+and+the+Congress&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Sarup+and+Sons&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=81-85431-65-5&rft.aulast=Bakshi&rft.aufirst=Shiri+Ram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradnock2000" class="citation book cs1">Bradnock, Robert (2000) [2000]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/footprintsouthin00foot">South India Handbook – The Travel Guide</a>. Footprint Travel Guide. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-900949-81-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-900949-81-4"><bdi>1-900949-81-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+India+Handbook+%E2%80%93+The+Travel+Guide&rft.pub=Footprint+Travel+Guide&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-900949-81-4&rft.aulast=Bradnock&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffootprintsouthin00foot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChopraRavindranSubrahmanian2003" class="citation book cs1">Chopra, P. N.; Ravindran, T. K.; Subrahmanian, N. (2003). History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part III. New Delhi: Sultan Chand and Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-219-0153-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-219-0153-7"><bdi>81-219-0153-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+South+India+%28Ancient%2C+Medieval+and+Modern%29+Part+III&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Sultan+Chand+and+Sons&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=81-219-0153-7&rft.aulast=Chopra&rft.aufirst=P.+N.&rft.au=Ravindran%2C+T.+K.&rft.au=Subrahmanian%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndian_Science_Congress_Association_(various_authors),_Presidential_Address,_vol_1:_1914–19472003" class="citation book cs1">Indian Science Congress Association (various authors), Presidential Address, vol 1: 1914–1947 (2003). The Shaping of Indian Science. Orient Blackswan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7371-432-0" title="Special:BookSources/81-7371-432-0"><bdi>81-7371-432-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shaping+of+Indian+Science&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=81-7371-432-0&rft.au=Indian+Science+Congress+Association+%28various+authors%29%2C+Presidential+Address%2C+vol+1%3A+1914%E2%80%931947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamath2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Suryanath_U._Kamath" title="Suryanath U. 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Bangalore: Jupiter books. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/80905179">80905179</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7796041">7796041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+concise+history+of+Karnataka+%3A+from+pre-historic+times+to+the+present&rft.place=Bangalore&rft.pub=Jupiter+books&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7796041&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F80905179&rft.aulast=Kamath&rft.aufirst=Suryanath+U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManchanda2006" class="citation book cs1">Manchanda, Bindu (2006) [2006]. Forts & Palaces of India: Sentinels of History. Roli Books Private Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7436-381-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-7436-381-5"><bdi>81-7436-381-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forts+%26+Palaces+of+India%3A+Sentinels+of+History&rft.pub=Roli+Books+Private+Limited&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=81-7436-381-5&rft.aulast=Manchanda&rft.aufirst=Bindu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichell1995" class="citation book cs1">Michell, George (17 August 1995). "Temple Architecture: The Kannada and Telugu zones". The New Cambridge History of India: Architecture and Art of Southern India. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-44110-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-44110-2"><bdi>0-521-44110-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Temple+Architecture%3A+The+Kannada+and+Telugu+zones&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+History+of+India%3A+Architecture+and+Art+of+Southern+India&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995-08-17&rft.isbn=0-521-44110-2&rft.aulast=Michell&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee1999" class="citation book cs1">Mukherjee, Sujit (1999) [1999]. A Dictionary of Indian Literature. Orient Blackswan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-250-1453-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-250-1453-5"><bdi>81-250-1453-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=81-250-1453-5&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Sujit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurthy1992" class="citation book cs1">Murthy, K. Narasimha (1992). "Modern Kannada Literature". In George K.M (ed.). Modern Indian Literature:An Anthology – Vol 1. 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Berkeley and London: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-22821-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-22821-9"><bdi>0-520-22821-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Critical+Tensions+in+the+History+of+Kannada+Literary+Culture&rft.btitle=Literary+Cultures+in+History%3A+Reconstructions+from+South+Asia&rft.pub=Berkeley+and+London%3A+University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-520-22821-9&rft.aulast=Nagaraj&rft.aufirst=D.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarasimhacharya1988" class="citation book cs1">Narasimhacharya, R (1988) [1934]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.489059">History of Kannada Literature</a>. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-0303-6" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-0303-6"><bdi>81-206-0303-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Kannada+Literature&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=81-206-0303-6&rft.aulast=Narasimhacharya&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.489059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPranesh2003" class="citation book cs1">Pranesh, Meera Rajaram (2003) [2003]. Musical Composers during Wodeyar Dynasty (1638–1947 A.D.). Bangalore: Vee Emm. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8193101605" title="Special:BookSources/978-8193101605"><bdi>978-8193101605</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Musical+Composers+during+Wodeyar+Dynasty+%281638%E2%80%931947+A.D.%29&rft.place=Bangalore&rft.pub=Vee+Emm&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-8193101605&rft.aulast=Pranesh&rft.aufirst=Meera+Rajaram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaman1994" class="citation book cs1">Raman, Afried (1994). Bangalore – Mysore: A Disha Guide. 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New Delhi: (Facsimile Reprint 1982) Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-0063-0" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-0063-0"><bdi>81-206-0063-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kannada+Literature&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=%28Facsimile+Reprint+1982%29+Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1921&rft.isbn=81-206-0063-0&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRice2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_L._Rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin L. Rice">Rice, B.L.</a> (2001) [1897]. Mysore Gazetteer Compiled for Government-vol 1. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-0977-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-0977-8"><bdi>81-206-0977-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mysore+Gazetteer+Compiled+for+Government-vol+1&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+Madras&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=81-206-0977-8&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=B.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSastri2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/K._A._Nilakanta_Sastri" title="K. A. Nilakanta Sastri">Sastri, Nilakanta K.A.</a> (2005) [1955]. A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-560686-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-560686-8"><bdi>0-19-560686-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+South+India+from+prehistoric+times+to+the+fall+of+Vijayanagar&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Indian+Branch%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-19-560686-8&rft.aulast=Sastri&rft.aufirst=Nilakanta+K.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2001" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Nagendra Kr (2001). Encyclopaedia of Jainism. Anmol Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-261-0691-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-261-0691-3"><bdi>81-261-0691-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Jainism&rft.pub=Anmol+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=81-261-0691-3&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Nagendra+Kr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Stein" title="Burton Stein">Stein, Burton</a> (1987). Vijayanagara (The New Cambridge History of India). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-26693-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-26693-9"><bdi>0-521-26693-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vijayanagara+%28The+New+Cambridge+History+of+India%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+and+New+York%3A+Cambridge+University+Press.+Pp.+156&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-521-26693-9&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubrahmanyam2001" class="citation book cs1">Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2001). "Warfare and State Finance in Wodeyar Mysore". In Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (ed.). Penumbral Visions. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 161–193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11216-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11216-6"><bdi>978-0-472-11216-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Warfare+and+State+Finance+in+Wodeyar+Mysore&rft.btitle=Penumbral+Visions&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pages=161-193&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-472-11216-6&rft.aulast=Subrahmanyam&rft.aufirst=Sanjay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubramaniyan2006" class="citation book cs1">Subramaniyan, V.K. (2006) [2006]. 101 Mystics of India. Abhinav Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7017-471-6" title="Special:BookSources/81-7017-471-6"><bdi>81-7017-471-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=101+Mystics+of+India&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=81-7017-471-6&rft.aulast=Subramaniyan&rft.aufirst=V.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarious1988" class="citation book cs1">Various (1988) [1988]. Encyclopaedia of Indian literature – vol 2. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-260-1194-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-260-1194-7"><bdi>81-260-1194-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+literature+%E2%80%93+vol+2&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=81-260-1194-7&rft.au=Various&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenkata_Ramanappa1975" class="citation book cs1">Venkata Ramanappa, M. N. (1975) [1975]. Outlines of South Indian history : with special reference to Karnataka. Delhi : Vikas Pub. House; London (38 Kennington La., SE11 4LS) : [Distributed by] Independent Pub. Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7069-0378-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7069-0378-1"><bdi>0-7069-0378-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outlines+of+South+Indian+history+%3A+with+special+reference+to+Karnataka&rft.pub=Delhi+%3A+Vikas+Pub.+House%3B+London+%2838+Kennington+La.%2C+SE11+4LS%29+%3A+%5BDistributed+by%5D+Independent+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-7069-0378-1&rft.aulast=Venkata+Ramanappa&rft.aufirst=M.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeidman2006" class="citation book cs1">Weidman, Amanda J (2006) [2006]. Singing the Classical, Voicing the Modern. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-3620-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-3620-0"><bdi>0-8223-3620-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singing+the+Classical%2C+Voicing+the+Modern&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8223-3620-0&rft.aulast=Weidman&rft.aufirst=Amanda+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sUwEAAAAMBAJ">"India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a>. Time, Inc. 12 May 1941. pp. 94–103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=India&rft.pages=94-103&rft.date=1941-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsUwEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Mysore" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Yazdani, Kaveh. India, Modernity and the Great Divergence: Mysore and Gujarat (17th to 19th C.) (Leiden: Brill), 2017. xxxi + 669 pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eh.net/?s=gujarat">online review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711223533/http://eh.net/?s=gujarat">Archived</a> 11 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mysore_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mysore_topics" title="Template:Mysore topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mysore_topics" title="Template talk:Mysore topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mysore_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mysore topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mysore_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadiyar_dynasty" title="Wadiyar dynasty">Wodeyar dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Mysore" title="Maharaja of Mysore">Maharaja of Mysore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maharajas_of_Mysore" title="List of Maharajas of Mysore">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarajendra_Wadiyar_X" title="Chamarajendra Wadiyar X">Chamarajendra Wodeyar X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Raja_Wadiyar_IV" title="Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV">Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayachamarajendra_Wadiyar" title="Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar">Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikantadatta_Narasimharaja_Wadiyar" title="Srikantadatta Narasimharaja Wadiyar">Srikantadatta Wodeyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaduveer_Krishnadatta_Chamaraja_Wadiyar" title="Yaduveer Krishnadatta Chamaraja Wadiyar">Yaduveer Wodeyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_of_Mysore" title="Dewan of Mysore">Dewan of Mysore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewans_of_Mysore" title="List of Dewans of Mysore">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Airport" title="Mysore Airport">Mysore Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Zoo" title="Mysore Zoo">Mysore Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikantadatta_Narasimha_Raja_Wadeyar_Ground" title="Srikantadatta Narasimha Raja Wadeyar Ground">Srikantadatta Narasimha Raja Wadeyar Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Race_Course" title="Mysore Race Course">Mysore Race Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_V_Rangacharlu_Memorial_Hall" title="C V Rangacharlu Memorial Hall">Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufferin_Clock_Tower" title="Dufferin Clock Tower">Dufferin Clock Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Mysore" title="List of tourist attractions in Mysore">Tourist attractions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Palace" title="Mysore Palace">Mysore Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaganmohan_Palace" title="Jaganmohan Palace">Jaganmohan Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalitha_Mahal" title="Lalitha Mahal">Lalitha Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Vilas" title="Rajendra Vilas">Rajendra Vilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayalakshmi_Vilas" title="Jayalakshmi Vilas">Jayalakshmi Vilas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarajendra_Academy_of_Visual_Arts" title="Chamarajendra Academy of Visual Arts">Chamarajendra Academy of Visual Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Museum_of_Natural_History_Mysore" title="Regional Museum of Natural History Mysore">Regional Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_Museum_(Mysuru)" title="Folklore Museum (Mysuru)">Folklore Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Museum,_Mysore" title="Railway Museum, Mysore">Rail Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Research_Institute_Mysore" title="Oriental Research Institute Mysore">Oriental Research Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamundeshwari_Temple" title="Chamundeshwari Temple">Chamundi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Philomena%27s_Cathedral,_Mysore" title="St. Philomena's Cathedral, Mysore">St. Philomena's Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mysore" title="Culture of Mysore">culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_painting" title="Mysore painting">Mysore painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjifa" title="Ganjifa">Ganjifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_silk" title="Mysore silk">Mysore silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Mysore Dasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_style" title="Mysore style">Mysore yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civic administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_City_Corporation" title="Mysore City Corporation">Mysore City Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_pak" title="Mysore pak">Mysore pak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_dosa" title="Masala dosa">Masala dosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Mysore" title="List of educational institutions in Mysore">Educational institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mysore" title="University of Mysore">University of Mysore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_City_lakes" title="Mysore City lakes">Lakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebbal_Lake,_Mysore" title="Hebbal Lake, Mysore">Hebbal Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karanji_Lake" title="Karanji Lake">Karanji Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukkarahalli_Lake" title="Kukkarahalli Lake">Kukkarahalli Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingambudhi_Lake" title="Lingambudhi Lake">Lingambudhi Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;Seal_of_Karnataka_State_of_Karnataka" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Karnataka_topics" title="Template:Karnataka topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Karnataka_topics" title="Template talk:Karnataka topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Karnataka_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Karnataka topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px&#124;Seal_of_Karnataka_State_of_Karnataka" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Karnataka,_India.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of Karnataka"><img alt="Seal of Karnataka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/25px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/38px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/50px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /></a> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karnataka_state_symbols" title="List of Karnataka state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_emblems" title="List of Indian state emblems">Emblem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Karnataka" title="Emblem of Karnataka">Emblem of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Song</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaya_Bharata_Jananiya_Tanujate" title="Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate">Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">Asian elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Santalum_album" title="Santalum album">Sandalwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">Fruit</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango</a></li> <li>Fish: <a href="/wiki/Hypselobarbus_carnaticus" title="Hypselobarbus carnaticus">Carnatic carp</a></li> <li>Insect: <a href="/wiki/Troides_minos" title="Troides minos">Southern birdwing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Karnataka" title="Category:Karnataka">Overviews</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Karnataka" title="Architecture of Karnataka">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka#Climate" title="Karnataka">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Karnataka" title="Demographics of Karnataka">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Karnataka" title="Education in Karnataka">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_arts_of_Karnataka" title="Folk arts of Karnataka">Folk arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Karnataka" title="History of Karnataka">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in Karnataka">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Karnataka" title="Sports in Karnataka">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Karnataka" title="Transport in Karnataka">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Karnataka" title="Wildlife of Karnataka">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Karnataka" title="Category:History of Karnataka">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aihole" title="Aihole">Aihole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alupa_dynasty" title="Alupa dynasty">Alupa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoghavarsha" title="Amoghavarsha">Amoghavarsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami" title="Badami">Badami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banavasi" title="Banavasi">Banavasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balligavi" title="Balligavi">Balligavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Belur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Chitradurga" title="Nayakas of Chitradurga">Chitradurga Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_Raya_II" title="Deva Raya II">Deva Raya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvinita" title="Durvinita">Durvinita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halebidu" title="Halebidu">Halebidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Coorg" title="Kingdom of Coorg">Kingdom of Coorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmidi" title="Halmidi">Halmidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty" title="Kadamba dynasty">Kadamba dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Kalyani Chalukyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Keladi" title="Nayakas of Keladi">Keladi Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivappa_Nayaka" title="Shivappa Nayaka">Shivappa Nayaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittur_Chennamma" title="Kittur Chennamma">Kittur Chennamma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasharma" title="Mayurasharma">Mayurasharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattadakal" title="Pattadakal">Pattadakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulakeshin_II" title="Pulakeshin II">Pulakeshin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta dynasty">Rashtrakuta dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Karnataka" title="Unification of Karnataka">Unification of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara" title="Vijayanagara">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuvardhana" title="Vishnuvardhana">Vishnuvardhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veera_Ballala_II" title="Veera Ballala II">Veera Ballala II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_II" title="Vikramaditya II">Vikramaditya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_VI" title="Vikramaditya VI">Vikramaditya VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty">Western Ganga dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">Districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Karnataka" title="Administrative divisions of Karnataka">divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_division" title="Bangalore division">Bangalore division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Urban_district" title="Bangalore Urban district">Bangalore Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Rural_district" title="Bangalore Rural district">Bangalore Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitradurga_district" title="Chitradurga district">Chitradurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davanagere_district" title="Davanagere district">Davanagere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolar_district" title="Kolar district">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimoga_district" title="Shimoga district">Shimoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumakuru_district" title="Tumakuru district">Tumakuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanagara_district" title="Ramanagara district">Ramanagara </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikkaballapura_district" title="Chikkaballapura district">Chikkaballapura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_division" title="Belagavi division">Belagavi division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagalkot_district" title="Bagalkot district">Bagalkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_district" title="Belagavi district">Belagavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijapur_district,_Karnataka" title="Bijapur district, Karnataka">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharwad_district" title="Dharwad district">Dharwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haveri_district" title="Haveri district">Haveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadag_district" title="Gadag district">Gadag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kannada" title="Uttara Kannada">Uttara Kannada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_division" title="Kalaburagi division">Kalaburagi division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballari_district" title="Ballari district">Ballari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidar_district" title="Bidar district">Bidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_district" title="Kalaburagi district">Kalaburagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koppal_district" title="Koppal district">Koppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raichur_district" title="Raichur district">Raichur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_district" title="Vijayanagara district">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadgir_district" title="Yadgir district">Yadgir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_division" title="Mysore division">Mysore division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarajanagar_district" title="Chamarajanagar district">Chamarajanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikmagalur_district" title="Chikmagalur district">Chikmagalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_district" title="Hassan district">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodagu_district" title="Kodagu district">Kodagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandya_district" title="Mandya district">Mandya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_district" title="Mysore district">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Cities and towns in Karnataka">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Rivers of Karnataka">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Karnataka" title="List of dams and reservoirs in Karnataka">Dams and reservoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_taluks_of_Karnataka" title="List of taluks of Karnataka">Taluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Villages in Karnataka">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullayyana_Giri" title="Mullayyana Giri">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayalu_Seeme" title="Bayalu Seeme">Bayalu Seeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malenadu" title="Malenadu">Malenadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanara" title="Kanara">Kanara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Culture of Karnataka">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_Kola" title="Buta Kola">Buta Kola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidriware" title="Bidriware">Bidriware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channapatna_toys" title="Channapatna toys">Channapatna toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Chitrakala_Parishath" title="Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath">Chitrakala Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaarudi_Gombe" title="Gaarudi Gombe">Gaarudi Gombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkal_sari" title="Ilkal sari">Ilkal sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamsale" title="Kamsale">Kamsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Karnatik music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuti" title="Kasuti">Kasuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedda" title="Khedda">Khedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Mysore Dasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togalu_gombeyaata" title="Togalu gombeyaata">Togalu gombeyaata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_cuisine" title="Udupi cuisine">Udupi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeragase" title="Veeragase">Veeragase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicians_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Musicians of the Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore musicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Literature_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Literature of Karnataka">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_milestones_in_Kannada_literature" title="List of milestones in Kannada literature">Milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epics_in_the_Kannada_language" title="List of epics in the Kannada language">Epics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Kannada_literature" title="Medieval Kannada literature">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_literature" title="Rashtrakuta literature">Rashtrakuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_literature" title="Western Ganga literature">Western Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_literature_in_Kannada" title="Western Chalukya literature in Kannada">Western Chalukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_literature" title="Hoysala literature">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_literature_in_Kannada" title="Vijayanagara literature in Kannada">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vachana_sahitya" title="Vachana sahitya">Vachana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_literature_in_Kannada" title="Mysore literature in Kannada">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yakshagana_plays_in_the_Kannada_language" title="List of Yakshagana plays in the Kannada language">Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Kannada_literature" title="Modern Kannada literature">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Parishat" title="Kannada Sahitya Parishat">Kannada Sahitya Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Sammelana" title="Kannada Sahitya Sammelana">Kannada Sahitya Sammelana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karnataka_literature" title="List of Karnataka literature">Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kannada_poets" title="Category:Kannada poets">Noted poets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asaga" title="Asaga">Asaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunavarma_I" title="Gunavarma I">Gunavarma I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adikavi_Pampa" title="Adikavi Pampa">Adikavi Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponna_(poet)" title="Ponna (poet)">Sri Ponna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranna_(Kannada_poet)" title="Ranna (Kannada poet)">Ranna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devar_Dasimayya" title="Devar Dasimayya">Devar Dasimayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harihara_(poet)" title="Harihara (poet)">Harihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavanka" title="Raghavanka">Raghavanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrabhatta" title="Rudrabhatta">Rudrabhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janna" title="Janna">Janna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumara_Vyasa" title="Kumara Vyasa">Kumara Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarasa" title="Chamarasa">Chamarasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijaguna_Shivayogi" title="Nijaguna Shivayogi">Nijaguna Shivayogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnakaravarni" title="Ratnakaravarni">Ratnakaravarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Dasa" title="Vijaya Dasa">Vijaya Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_Dasa" title="Gopala Dasa">Gopala Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Kannada_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmisa" title="Lakshmisa">Lakshmisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvajna" title="Sarvajna">Sarvajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishunala_Sharif" title="Shishunala Sharif">Shishunala Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wadiyar_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wadiyar III">Krishnaraja Wadiyar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._R._Bendre" title="D. R. Bendre">D. R. Bendre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalakrishna_Adiga" title="Gopalakrishna Adiga">Gopalakrishna Adiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Seetharamaiah" title="V. Seetharamaiah">V. Seetharamaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Narasimhaswamy" title="K. S. Narasimhaswamy">K. S. Narasimhaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Govinda_Pai" title="M. Govinda Pai">M. Govinda Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._V._Gundappa" title="D. V. Gundappa">D. V. Gundappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._S._Shivarudrappa" title="G. S. Shivarudrappa">G. S. Shivarudrappa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Karnataka" title="Category:People from Karnataka">People</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Karnataka_society" title="Category:Karnataka society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka ethnic groups">Karnataka ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Karnataka" title="List of people from Karnataka">List of people from Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Karnataka" title="Tourism in Karnataka">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Karnataka" title="List of beaches in Karnataka">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Dams in Karnataka">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Forts in Karnataka">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_in_Karnataka" title="Category:National parks in Karnataka">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_temples_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Hindu temples in Karnataka">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jain_temples_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Jain temples in Karnataka">Jain temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Waterfalls of Karnataka">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_awards_and_decorations_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Civil awards and decorations of Karnataka">Awards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Ratna" title="Karnataka Ratna">Karnataka Ratna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampa_Award" title="Pampa Award">Pampa Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nrupatunga_Award" title="Nrupatunga Award">Nrupatunga Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava_Puraskara" title="Basava Puraskara">Basava Puraskara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajyotsava_Prashasti" title="Rajyotsava Prashasti">Rajyotsava Prashasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakanachari_Award" title="Jakanachari Award">Jakanachari Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnashilpi_Venkatappa_Award" title="Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award">Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_Award" title="Kempegowda Award">Kempegowda Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in Karnataka">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_newspapers" title="List of Kannada-language newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_magazines" title="List of Kannada-language magazines">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_television_channels" title="List of Kannada-language television channels">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_radio_stations" title="List of Kannada-language radio stations">Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gun_salute_princely_states_(salute_states)_during_the_British_Raj" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Salute_states" title="Template:Salute states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Salute_states" title="Template talk:Salute states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Salute_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Salute states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gun_salute_princely_states_(salute_states)_during_the_British_Raj" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_salute" title="Gun salute">Gun salute</a> <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely states</a> (<a href="/wiki/Salute_state" title="Salute state">salute states</a>) during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroda_State" title="Baroda State">Baroda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_State" title="Gwalior State">Gwalior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mysore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal_State" title="Bhopal State">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indore_State" title="Indore State">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kalat" title="Khanate of Kalat">Kalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolhapur_State" title="Kolhapur State">Kolhapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udaipur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Udaipur State">Udaipur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahawalpur_(princely_state)" title="Bahawalpur (princely state)">Bahawalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatpur_State" title="Bharatpur State">Bharatpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikaner_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikaner State">Bikaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundi_State" title="Bundi State">Bundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutch_State" title="Cutch State">Cutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Amber" title="Kingdom of Amber">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Jodhpur State">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karauli_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Karauli State">Karauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota State">Kota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patiala_State" title="Patiala State">Patiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudukkottai_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudukkottai State">Pudukkottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewa_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewa State">Rewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonk_State" title="Tonk State">Tonk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alwar_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Alwar State">Alwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banswara_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Banswara State">Banswara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datia_State" title="Datia State">Datia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewas_Senior" title="Dewas Senior">Dewas Sr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewas_Junior" title="Dewas Junior">Dewas Jr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhar_State" title="Dhar State">Dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholpur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholpur State">Dholpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungarpur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungarpur State">Dungarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idar_State" title="Idar State">Idar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaisalmer_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaisalmer State">Jaisalmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khairpur_(princely_state)" title="Khairpur (princely state)">Khairpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishangarh_State" title="Kishangarh State">Kishangarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchha_State" title="Orchha State">Orchha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratapgarh_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratapgarh State">Pratapgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampur_State" title="Rampur State">Rampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirohi_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirohi State">Sirohi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benares_State" title="Benares State">Benares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavnagar_State" title="Bhavnagar State">Bhavnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooch_Behar_State" title="Cooch Behar State">Cooch Behar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhrangadhra_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhrangadhra State">Dhrangadhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaora_State" title="Jaora State">Jaora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhalawar_State" title="Jhalawar State">Jhalawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jind_State" title="Jind State">Jind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junagadh_State" title="Junagadh State">Junagadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapurthala_State" title="Kapurthala State">Kapurthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabha_State" title="Nabha State">Nabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawanagar_State" title="Nawanagar State">Nawanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palanpur_State" title="Palanpur State">Palanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porbandar_State" title="Porbandar State">Porbandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajpipla_State" title="Rajpipla State">Rajpipla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratlam_State" title="Ratlam State">Ratlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_(princely_state)" title="Tripura (princely state)">Tripura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaigarh_State" title="Ajaigarh State">Ajaigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alirajpur_State" title="Alirajpur State">Alirajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoni_State" title="Baoni State">Baoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barwani_State" title="Barwani State">Barwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijawar_State" title="Bijawar State">Bijawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahlur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahlur">Bilaspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambay_State" title="Cambay State">Cambay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamba_State" title="Chamba State">Chamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charkhari_State" title="Charkhari State">Charkhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatarpur_State" title="Chhatarpur State">Chhatarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitral_(princely_state)" title="Chitral (princely state)">Chitral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faridkot_State" title="Faridkot State">Faridkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Kingdom" title="Garhwal Kingdom">Tehri Garhwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondal_State" title="Gondal State">Gondal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janjira_State" title="Janjira State">Janjira</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jafarabad_State" title="Jafarabad State">Jafrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhabua_State" title="Jhabua State">Jhabua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malerkotla_State" title="Malerkotla State">Malerkotla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandi_State" title="Mandi State">Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_(princely_state)" title="Manipur (princely state)">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morvi_State" title="Morvi State">Morvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narsinghgarh_State" title="Narsinghgarh State">Narsinghgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panna_State" title="Panna State">Panna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhanpur_State" title="Radhanpur State">Radhanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajgarh_State" title="Rajgarh State">Rajgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailana_State" title="Sailana State">Sailana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samthar_State" title="Samthar State">Samthar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirmur_State" title="Sirmur State">Sirmur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitamau_State" title="Sitamau State">Sitamau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suket_State" title="Suket State">Suket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankaner_State" title="Wankaner State">Wankaner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balasinor_State" title="Balasinor State">Balasinor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banganapalle_State" title="Banganapalle State">Banganapalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bansda_State" title="Bansda State">Bansda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baraundha" title="Baraundha">Baraundha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baria_State" title="Baria State">Baria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhor_State" title="Bhor State">Bhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhota_Udaipur_State" title="Chhota Udaipur State">Chhota Udaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danta_State" title="Danta State">Danta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharampur_State" title="Dharampur State">Dharampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhrol_State" title="Dhrol State">Dhrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawhar_State" title="Jawhar State">Jawhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahandi_State" title="Kalahandi State">Kalahandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilchipur_State" title="Khilchipur State">Khilchipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbdi_State" title="Limbdi State">Limbdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loharu_State" title="Loharu State">Loharu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunavada_State" title="Lunavada State">Lunavada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maihar_State" title="Maihar State">Maihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurbhanj_State" title="Mayurbhanj State">Mayurbhanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudhol_State" title="Mudhol State">Mudhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagod_State" title="Nagod State">Nagod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palitana_State" title="Palitana State">Palitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_State" title="Patna State">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkot_State" title="Rajkot State">Rajkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachin_State" title="Sachin State">Sachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangli_State" title="Sangli State">Sangli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_State" title="Sant State">Sant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawantwadi_State" title="Sawantwadi State">Sawantwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahpura_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahpura State">Shahpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonepur_State" title="Sonepur State">Sonepur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadhwan_State" title="Wadhwan State">Wadhwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawnghwe" title="Yawnghwe">Yawnghwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salute_state" title="Salute state">Salute state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266923#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266923#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266923#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/236102909">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/132592349">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJw93RDQBfVGPtQvDKwQv3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4455715-2">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85195025">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge817692&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557618305171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/meysur">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kingdom_of_Mysore&params=12.30_N_76.65_E_region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki">12°18′N 76°39′E / 12.30°N 76.65°E / 12.30; 76.65</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&oldid=1256454130">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&oldid=1256454130</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Category:Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_monarchies_of_India" title="Category:Former monarchies of India">Former monarchies of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_countries_in_South_Asia" title="Category:Former countries in South Asia">Former countries in South Asia</a></li><li><a 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Asia">1399 establishments in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950_disestablishments_in_India" title="Category:1950 disestablishments in India">1950 disestablishments in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:14th-century_establishments_in_India" title="Category:14th-century establishments in India">14th-century establishments in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_kingdoms" title="Category:Former kingdoms">Former kingdoms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gun_salute_princely_states" title="Category:Gun salute princely states">Gun salute princely states</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles 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