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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Deccan Plateau</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" > 75 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%83%D9%86" title="هضبة الدكن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هضبة الدكن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dec%C3%A1n" title="Decán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Decán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99kk%C9%99n_yaylas%C4%B1" title="Dəkkən yaylası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəkkən yaylası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="দাক্ষিণাত্য মালভূমি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দাক্ষিণাত্য মালভূমি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%8F%D2%AB%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1)" title="Декан (яҫы таулыҡ) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Декан (яҫы таулыҡ)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%E2%80%99%D0%B5" title="Дэканскае пласкагор’е – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэканскае пласкагор’е" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="दक्कन पठार – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दक्कन पठार" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Декан (плато) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Декан (плато)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8can" title="Dècan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan" title="Deccan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Deccan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dek%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_plo%C5%A1ina" title="Dekánská plošina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dekánská plošina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccanplateauet" title="Deccanplateauet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Deccanplateauet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekkan" title="Dekkan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dekkan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekkani_kiltmaa" title="Dekkani kiltmaa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dekkani kiltmaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Οροπέδιο Ντέκκαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οροπέδιο Ντέκκαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dec%C3%A1n" title="Decán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Decán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekkana_Altebena%C4%B5o" title="Dekkana Altebenaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dekkana Altebenaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekkan" title="Dekkan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dekkan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%A9%D9%86" title="دکن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دکن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan" title="Deccan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Deccan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan" title="Deccan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Deccan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%B9%B8%EA%B3%A0%EC%9B%90" title="데칸고원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데칸고원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9" title="Դեկանի սարահարթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեկանի սարահարթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="दक्कन का पठार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दक्कन का पठार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan_(visoravan)" title="Dekan (visoravan) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dekan (visoravan)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataran_Tinggi_Dekkan" title="Dataran Tinggi Dekkan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dataran Tinggi Dekkan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altopiano_del_Deccan" title="Altopiano del Deccan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Altopiano del Deccan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9F" title="רמת דקאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רמת דקאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%96%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A0%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF" title="ದಖ್ಖನ್ ಪೀಠಭೂಮಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದಖ್ಖನ್ ಪೀಠಭೂಮಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="დეკანის ზეგანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დეკანის ზეგანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekkani" title="Dekkani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dekkani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BA%D1%81%D3%A9_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83" title="Декан бөксө тоосу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Декан бөксө тоосу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planities_elevata_Deccanensis" title="Planities elevata Deccanensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Planities elevata Deccanensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dek%C4%81na" title="Dekāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dekāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekano_plok%C5%A1%C4%8Diakalnis" title="Dekano plokščiakalnis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dekano plokščiakalnis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekk%C3%A1n-fenns%C3%ADk" title="Dekkán-fennsík – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dekkán-fennsík" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A0%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="ഡെക്കാൺ പീഠഭൂമി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡെക്കാൺ പീഠഭൂമി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="दख्खनचे पठार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दख्खनचे पठार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="დეკანიშ გაბარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დეკანიშ გაბარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%A9%D9%86" title="دکن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دکن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penara_Dakkan" title="Penara Dakkan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penara Dakkan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan" title="Dekan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dekan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="दक्खिन पठार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दक्खिन पठार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="デカン高原 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デカン高原" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekkan" title="Dekkan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Dekkan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan" title="Deccan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Deccan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan" title="Deccan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Deccan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan_yassitog%CA%BBligi" title="Dekan yassitogʻligi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dekan yassitogʻligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਪਠਾਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਪਠਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%86_%D9%BE%D9%B9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="دکھن پٹھار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دکھن پٹھار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan_(wy%C5%BCyna)" title="Dekan (wyżyna) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dekan (wyżyna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dec%C3%A3o" title="Decão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Decão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekkan" title="Dekkan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dekkan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5)" title="Декан (плоскогорье) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Декан (плоскогорье)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%91%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="ඩෙකෑන් සානුව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඩෙකෑන් සානුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Deccan Plateau" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekansk%C3%A1_plo%C5%A1ina" title="Dekanská plošina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dekanská plošina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekanska_planota" title="Dekanska planota – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dekanska planota" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Деканска висораван – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Деканска висораван" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekanska_visoravan" title="Dekanska visoravan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dekanska visoravan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccanin_yl%C3%A4nk%C3%B6" title="Deccanin ylänkö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Deccanin ylänkö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan" title="Deccan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Deccan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekanong_Talampas" title="Dekanong Talampas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dekanong Talampas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF" title="தக்காணப் பீடபூமி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தக்காணப் பீடபூமி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A0%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF" title="దక్కన్ పీఠభూమి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="దక్కన్ పీఠభూమి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ที่ราบสูงเดกกัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ที่ราบสูงเดกกัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дакан – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Дакан" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekken" title="Dekken – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dekken" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Декан (плато) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Декан (плато)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B9_%D8%AF%DA%A9%D9%86" title="سطح مرتفع دکن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سطح مرتفع دکن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan" title="Deccan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Deccan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umpas_Deccan" title="Umpas Deccan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Umpas Deccan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Deccan_Plateau&params=15_N_77_E_type:mountain_region:IN">15°N 77°E / 15°N 77°E / 15; 77</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected until February 8, 2025 at 12:51 UTC."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region and plateau in India</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Geographical region in India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Deccan Plateau</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Deccan Peninsula</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Geographical region</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Deccan,_India.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Deccan Plateau (cyan) forms a major part of Peninsular India"><img alt="The Deccan Plateau (cyan) forms a major part of Peninsular India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Deccan%2C_India.png/250px-Deccan%2C_India.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Deccan%2C_India.png/375px-Deccan%2C_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Deccan%2C_India.png/500px-Deccan%2C_India.png 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="4960" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">The Deccan Plateau (cyan) forms a major part of <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsular India">Peninsular India</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Deccan_Plateau&params=15_N_77_E_type:mountain_region:IN">15°N 77°E / 15°N 77°E / 15; 77</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">India</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">States</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">422,000 km2 (163,000 sq mi)</td></tr></tbody></table> The Deccan is a <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateau</a> extending over an area of 422,000 km2 (163,000 sq mi) and occupies the majority of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian peninsula">Indian peninsula</a>. Shaped like an inverted triangle, it stretches from the <a href="/wiki/Satpura_Range" title="Satpura Range">Satpura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vindhya_Range" title="Vindhya Range">Vindhya Ranges</a> in the north to the northern fringes of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> in the south. It is bound by the mountain ranges of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a> on the sides, which separate the region from the <a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern Coastal Plains</a> respectively. It covers most of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian State">Indian States</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> excluding the coastal regions, and minor portions of Tamil Nadu and <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. The plateau is marked by rocky terrain with an average of about 600 m (2,000 ft). It is subdivided into Maharashtra Plateau, Karnataka Plateau, and Telangana Plateau. The <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Traps" title="Deccan Traps">Deccan Traps</a> in the north west were formed by multiple layers of <a href="/wiki/Igneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Igneous">igneous</a> rocks laid down by <a href="/wiki/Basaltic" class="mw-redirect" title="Basaltic">basaltic</a> <a href="/wiki/Lava_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava flow">lava flows</a> following a massive <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic eruption">volcanic eruption</a> that occurred during the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretaceous period">cretaceous period</a> (66 <a href="/wiki/Million_years_ago" title="Million years ago">mya</a>). The underlying bed consists of <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedimentary rocks">sedimentary rocks</a> formed during the <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">precambrian</a> era and the formation of <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a>. The region forms one of the major watersheds of India, with many perennial river systems such as <a href="/wiki/Godavari" class="mw-redirect" title="Godavari">Godavari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krishna_River" title="Krishna River">Krishna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kaveri" title="Kaveri">Kaveri</a> flowing through the region. The plateau slopes gently from the west to east, resulting in most of the principal rivers flowing eastwards towards the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>. As the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> blocks the rain bearing winds, the plateau region is drier than the coastal region and has a semi-arid climate. The Deccan plateau region was ruled by several kingdoms in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian history">Indian history</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pallavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallavas">Pallavas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholas">Cholas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandyas">Pandyas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahanas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukyas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta dynasty">Rashtrakutas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Dynasty">Hoysalas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadamba_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadamba Dynasty">Kadambas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kakatiyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakatiyas">Kakatiyas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Ganga Dynasty">Western Gangas</a>. In the later <a href="/wiki/Middle_age" title="Middle age">medieval era</a>, the lower plateau was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijayanagara empire">Vijayanagara empire</a>, and the upper portion by the <a href="/wiki/Bahmani_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani kingdom">Bahmani kingdom</a>, and its successors, the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_sultanates" title="Deccan sultanates">Deccan sultanates</a>. It later housed the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maratha_confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha confederacy">Maratha confederacy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam's dominions</a>. It was under the control of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> for nearly two centuries before the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act,_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Independence Act, 1947">Indian Independence</a> in 1947. The <a href="/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="States Reorganisation Act">Reorganisation of Indian states</a> in the 1950s resulted in the creation of states on linguistic lines. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The word Deccan is an anglicised version of the <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a> word dakkhaṇa, which evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word dakṣiṇa, meaning "south".<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dating" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dating">Carbon dating</a> shows that ash mounds associated with <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> cultures in region date back to 8000 BCE. Towards the beginning of 1000 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">iron technology</a> spread through the region though geological evidence does not point to a fully developed <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> in existence prior to the Iron Age.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Since at least the 1st century BCE, the region was connected to the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> and was involved in trade with the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raichur_Doab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Raichur_Doab.jpg/220px-Raichur_Doab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Raichur_Doab.jpg/330px-Raichur_Doab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Raichur_Doab.jpg/440px-Raichur_Doab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Map of Deccan in the 14th century CE</figcaption></figure> Several dynasties such as the <a href="/wiki/Pandyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandyas">Pandyas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholas">Cholas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur" title="Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorins</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Satavahanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahanas">Satavahanas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pallavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallavas">Pallavas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kanchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanchi">Kanchi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kadambas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadambas">Kadambas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Banavasi" title="Banavasi">Banavasi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Ganga Dynasty">Western Gangas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolar">Kolar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta">Rashtrakutas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manyakheta" class="mw-redirect" title="Manyakheta">Manyakheta</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukyas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Badami" title="Badami">Badami</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hoysalas" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysalas">Hoysalas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Belur</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiyas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Warangal" title="Warangal">Orugallu</a> ruled over the region from the 6th century BCE to the 14th century CE.<a href="#cite_note-Sastri-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brit-9">[9]</a> In the late <a href="/wiki/Middle_ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle ages">middle ages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijayanagara empire">Vijayanagara empire</a> conquered most of the southern part of the pleateu region.<a href="#cite_note-Sastri-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The upper portion was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Bahmani_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani kingdom">Bahmani kingdom</a>,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> and later by its successors, the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_sultanates" title="Deccan sultanates">Deccan sultanates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brit-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Europeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Europeans">Europeans</a> arrived in the 15th century CE and by the middle of the 18th century, the <a href="/wiki/French_East_India_Company" title="French East India Company">French</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British</a> were involved in a protracted struggle for military control over the region.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Chatrapati_Shivaji" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatrapati Shivaji">Chatrapati Shivaji</a>, briefly captured the region in the early 18th century CE.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> After the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Kingdom">Mysore Kingdom</a> in the late 18th century CE and the <a href="/wiki/Vellore_Mutiny" title="Vellore Mutiny">Vellore Mutiny</a> in 1806 CE, the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> consolidated their power over much of the region. The <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> took control of the region from the British East India Company in 1857.<a href="#cite_note-Brit-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British colonial rule</a>, the region was divided between the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The region played a major role in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence</a> in 1947, majority of the region was organised into four states <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State_(1948%E2%80%9356)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad State (1948–56)">Hyderabad State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madras_State" title="Madras State">Madras State</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore State</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The <a href="/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="States Reorganisation Act">Reorganisation of Indian states</a> on linguistic lines in the 1950s resulted in the creation of the states of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> was created in 2014 by bifurcating Andhra Pradesh.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coastal_India_topographical.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Coastal_India_topographical.jpg/220px-Coastal_India_topographical.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Coastal_India_topographical.jpg/330px-Coastal_India_topographical.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Coastal_India_topographical.jpg/440px-Coastal_India_topographical.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>Topography of the region.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western-Ghats-Matheran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Western-Ghats-Matheran.jpg/220px-Western-Ghats-Matheran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Western-Ghats-Matheran.jpg/330px-Western-Ghats-Matheran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Western-Ghats-Matheran.jpg/440px-Western-Ghats-Matheran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Traps" title="Deccan Traps">Deccan Traps</a> were formed by <a href="/wiki/Lava_flows" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava flows">lava flows</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">cretaceous</a> era (66 <a href="/wiki/Million_years_ago" title="Million years ago">mya</a>).</figcaption></figure> The Deccan Plateau is one of the oldest and most stable land formations in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WA-28">[28]</a> The plateau is marked by rocky terrain with an average of about 600 m (2,000 ft).<a href="#cite_note-Brit-9">[9]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Traps" title="Deccan Traps">Deccan Traps</a> consist of multiple layers of <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Igneous rocks">igneous rocks</a>, which are more than 2 km (1.2 mi) in thickness. These rocks were laid down by <a href="/wiki/Basaltic" class="mw-redirect" title="Basaltic">basaltic</a> <a href="/wiki/Lava_flows" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava flows">lava flows</a> which emerged from deep inside the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_crust" title="Earth's crust">Earth's crust</a> following a massive <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic eruption">volcanic eruption</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WA-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-AMNH-29">[29]</a> The eruption event occurred during the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">cretaceous</a> period (66 <a href="/wiki/Million_years_ago" title="Million years ago">mya</a>) and is the second largest volcanic eruption ever recorded on land. Scientists state that the volcanic event would have released large amounts of <a href="/wiki/Ash" title="Ash">ash</a>, dust and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> into the atmosphere. The release would have blocked <a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">sunlight</a> resulting in lower temperatures and caused major climatic changes on Earth. The eruption would have resulted in high levels of <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> and other toxic gases in the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a>. Researchers argue that the volcanic event would have contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a> of various species including some of the <a href="/wiki/Dinosaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinosaurs">dinosaurs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH-29">[29]</a> The volcanic deposits stretch more than 500,000 km2 (190,000 sq mi) encompassing neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(India)" title="Central Highlands (India)">central highlands</a>. The deposits consist of three subgroups based on the time and level of deposition.<a href="#cite_note-CSIR-30">[30]</a> Underlying the lava deposits are <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedimentary rocks">sedimentary rocks</a> formed during the <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">precambrian</a> era and the formation of <a href="/wiki/Gondwanaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondwanaland">Gondwanaland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CSIR-30">[30]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a> rests on hard crystalline rocks which connect the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayan region</a> with the plateau region.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Apart from granite, parts of the region consists of <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamorphic rocks">metamorphic rocks</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brit1-32">[32]</a> The Deccan Plateau region is rich in mineral deposits like <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">mica</a>. <a href="/wiki/Precious_stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Precious stones">Precious</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semi_precious_stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi precious stones">semi precious stones</a> have also been mined from the region.<a href="#cite_note-WA-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Large <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> deposits have been discovered in the region in the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> There are two major soil types, forming distinct sub-regions of the plateau. Most of the region with igneous basaltic rock consists of <a href="/wiki/Chernozem" title="Chernozem">black soil</a>. These soils have a high clay content, retain moisture and are resistant to erosion, but develop cracks during the dry season. The gneiss <a href="/wiki/Peneplain" title="Peneplain">peneplain</a> region in the low rainfall areas in the eastern vicinity of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> consist of infertile <a href="/wiki/Red_soil" title="Red soil">red soil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brit1-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alam-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indiahills.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Indiahills.png/220px-Indiahills.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Indiahills.png/330px-Indiahills.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Indiahills.png/440px-Indiahills.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Regions of India, showing the Deccan Plateau surrounded by the various mountain ranges.</figcaption></figure> Historians have used the term Deccan differently across various time periods. <a href="/wiki/Firishta" title="Firishta">Firishta</a> (16th century), <a href="/wiki/R._G._Bhandarkar" title="R. G. Bhandarkar">R. G. Bhandarkar</a> (1920), and <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Eaton" title="Richard M. Eaton">Richard Eaton</a> (2005) demarcate the region based on linguistic lines.<a href="#cite_note-Eaton-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alam-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/K._M._Panikkar" title="K. M. Panikkar">K. M. Panikkar</a> (1969) defines it as the entire Indian peninsula south of the Vindhyas.<a href="#cite_note-Alam-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stewart_N._Gordon" title="Stewart N. Gordon">Stewart Gordon</a> (1998) notes that Deccan is a "relational term" and historically the border of Deccan has varied from <a href="/wiki/Tapti_River" title="Tapti River">Tapti River</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari River</a>, depending on the southern boundary of the northern empires and is used to denote "the area beyond the southern border of a northern-based kingdom" of India.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Geographers have defined the extent of Deccan region using various physical features and indices such as rainfall, vegetation, or soil type.<a href="#cite_note-Eaton-38">[38]</a> As per a broader geographical definition, the region consists of the peninsular <a href="/wiki/Table_(landform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Table (landform)">tableland</a> lying to the south of the <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer" title="Tropic of Cancer">Tropic of Cancer</a>, marked by the <a href="/wiki/Vindhya_Range" title="Vindhya Range">Vindhya</a>-<a href="/wiki/Satpura_Range" title="Satpura Range">Satpura</a> ranges in the north.<a href="#cite_note-Alam-37">[37]</a> The Deccan is a plateau region extending over an area of 422,000 km2 (163,000 sq mi) and occupies the majority of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian peninsula">Indian peninsula</a>. It is shaped like an inverted triangle with its upper boundary at the <a href="/wiki/Narmada_River" title="Narmada River">Narmada River</a> basin near the Vindhya-Satpura ranges and the lower boundary at the northern fringes of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> in the south.<a href="#cite_note-Brit-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-WA-28">[28]</a> The region is bound by the mountain ranges of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a> on the sides, which separate the region from the <a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern Coastal Plains</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> It covers most of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian state">Indian states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> excluding the coastal regions, and minor portions of Tamil Nadu and <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WA-28">[28]</a> The western side of the plateau is elevated gently slopes towards the east.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> It is subdivided into Maharashtra Plateau, Karnataka Plateau, and Telangana Plateau.<a href="#cite_note-WA-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrography_and_climate">Hydrography and climate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_annual_rainfall_map_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/India_annual_rainfall_map_en.svg/220px-India_annual_rainfall_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/India_annual_rainfall_map_en.svg/330px-India_annual_rainfall_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/India_annual_rainfall_map_en.svg/440px-India_annual_rainfall_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1639" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption>Average rainfall Map showing the low rainfall areas in the interior of the plateau.</figcaption></figure> The Deccan forms one of the major <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">watersheds</a> of India, feeding many perennial rivers.<a href="#cite_note-Hydro-44">[44]</a> The major river systems originating in the Western Ghats are the <a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaveri_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaveri River">Kaveri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Krishna_River" title="Krishna River">Krishna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brit1-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Most rivers flow eastwards towards the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> owing to the steeper gradient moving from east to west, with only smaller streams flowing in the opposite direction.<a href="#cite_note-Hydro-44">[44]</a> The streams and rivers give rise to numerous waterfalls in the region.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The rivers have been dammed for <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> purposes, with major reservoirs spread across the region.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The region has largely <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-arid">semi-arid</a> climate in the northern parts and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climate</a> in most of the other areas. The summer months of April – May are dry and hot with maximum temperatures often rising more than 40 °C (104 °F).<a href="#cite_note-WA-28">[28]</a> During the dry summer months of April – May, heat builds up on the interior of the Deccan Plaeau, which draws air from the sea. The air, which picks up moisture along the way and flows eastward from the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, is blocked by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The rising air cools and brings about <a href="/wiki/Orographic_precipitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Orographic precipitation">orographic precipitation</a> along the western coast, which signifies the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> season in June.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> By the time the air rises above the mountains, it becomes dry, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow</a> region with very little rainfall on the <a href="/wiki/Leeward" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeward">leeward</a> side towards the interior of the Deccan plateau. The monsoon winds rounding up the peninsula and moving from the east from the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> pass over the Eastern Ghats and bring some rainfall to the eastern region of the plateau.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The region receives most of the rainfall during the months of July to September and the rains feed the rivers that flow into basins and then into the Bay of Bengal.<a href="#cite_note-sanctuary-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3></div> There is a wide diversity of plants and animals in the region, resulting from its varied climates and geography. <a href="/wiki/Deccan_thorn_scrub_forests" title="Deccan thorn scrub forests">scrub lands</a> are common in the low rainfall regions with <a href="/wiki/South_Deccan_Plateau_dry_deciduous_forests" title="South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests">dry deciduous forests</a> found in the southern part of the plateau.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The woodlands of the region are older than the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>. The central part of the plateau is covered by woodlands formed by trees such as <a href="/wiki/Hardwickia" title="Hardwickia">hardwickia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albizia_lebbek" class="mw-redirect" title="Albizia lebbek">siris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anogeissus_latifolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anogeissus latifolia">axlewood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boswellia_serrata" title="Boswellia serrata">boswellia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Acacia_catechu" class="mw-redirect" title="Acacia catechu">acacia</a> trees.<a href="#cite_note-WA-28">[28]</a> The region hosts significant populations of endangered <a href="/wiki/Bengal_tigers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal tigers">Bengal tigers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_elephants" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian elephants">Indian elephants</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Other <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a> found in the region include <a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">gaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">blackbuck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinkara" title="Chinkara">chinkara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Four-horned_antelope" title="Four-horned antelope">four-horned antelope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_water_buffalo" title="Wild water buffalo">wild buffalo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indian_wild_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian wild dog">Indian wild dog</a>. <a href="#cite_note-WA-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_population_density_map_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/India_population_density_map_en.svg/220px-India_population_density_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/India_population_density_map_en.svg/330px-India_population_density_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/India_population_density_map_en.svg/440px-India_population_density_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1639" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption>Population density map of India, showing sparsely populated interior.</figcaption></figure> The largest linguistic group in the region is the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_family_of_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Dravidian family of languages">Dravidian family of languages</a>, of approximately 73 languages.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Telugus" class="mw-redirect" title="Telugus">Telugus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kannadigas" title="Kannadigas">Kannadigas</a> who speak <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a> form the major demographic groups in the central region. <a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">Tamils</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malayalis" title="Malayalis">Malayalis</a> form a part of the southern end of the plateau. <a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi people</a>, who speak <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Aryan language">Indo-Aryan language</a>, form the majority in the north-western part of the plateau.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> is also widely spoken in urban areas of the region.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Deccani_language" title="Deccani language">Deccani Urdu</a> a regional dialect of <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> is spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Muslims">Muslims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Evidence of <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">prehistoric religion</a> in the region comes from scattered <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> rock paintings depicting dances and rituals, such as the <a href="/wiki/Kupgal_petroglyphs" title="Kupgal petroglyphs">Kupgal petroglyphs</a> of eastern Karnataka, at <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone Age</a> sites.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> is the major religion today in the region.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> in the region was less than the <a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility" title="Sub-replacement fertility">population replacement level</a> and as a result, the proportion of the population of the region to India's total population has declined in the last four decades.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The economies of the states in the region registered a growth higher than the national average over the past three decades. While the states have improved in some of the <a href="/wiki/Socio-economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Socio-economics">socio-economic</a> metrics, there is wide disparity within the region.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a> is often difficult in low rainfall areas, which require additional irrigation facilities while it is more feasible in the river valleys.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Agriculture is still the primary occupation in the region.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> is the staple food and major crop in the region.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Others crops cultivated include <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulses" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulses">pulses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spices" class="mw-redirect" title="Spices">spices</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The urban centres are significant contributors to the Indian and global <a href="/wiki/Information_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Technology">Information Technology</a> economy.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The presence of these hubs has spurred economic growth and attracted foreign investments and job seekers from other parts of the country.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Manufacturing and textiles are other major industries in the region.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kanchipuram_sarees_(7642282200).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kanchipuram_sarees_%287642282200%29.jpg/220px-Kanchipuram_sarees_%287642282200%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kanchipuram_sarees_%287642282200%29.jpg/330px-Kanchipuram_sarees_%287642282200%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kanchipuram_sarees_%287642282200%29.jpg/440px-Kanchipuram_sarees_%287642282200%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">Sari</a> worn by women in the region.</figcaption></figure> As defined by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(India)" title="Ministry of Culture (India)">Ministry of Culture</a> of the Government of India to promote and preserve the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">cultural heritage</a>, the region falls under the purview of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Zones_of_India" title="Cultural Zones of India">West and South Zone</a> Cultural Centers.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The women traditionally wear a <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">sari</a>, a garment that consists of a drape varying from 5 yards (4.6 m) to 9 yards (8.2 m) in length and 2 feet (0.61 m) to 4 feet (1.2 m) in breadth that is typically wrapped around the waist, with one end draped over the shoulder, baring the midriff, as according to Indian philosophy, the navel is considered as the source of life and creativity.<a href="#cite_note-Saree-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The men wear a <a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">dhoti</a>, a 4.5 m (15 ft) long, white rectangular piece of non-stitched cloth often bordered in brightly coloured stripes. It is usually wrapped around the waist and the legs and knotted at the waist.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> A colourful <a href="/wiki/Lungi" title="Lungi">lungi</a> with typical <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a> patterns is the most common form of male attire in the countryside. People in urban areas generally wear tailored clothing, and western dress is popular. Western-style school uniforms are worn by both boys and girls in schools, even in rural areas.<a href="#cite_note-Cloth-93">[93]</a> The region has a rich cuisine involving both traditional non-vegetarian and vegetarian dishes.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The traditional way of eating a meal involves eating food served on a <a href="/wiki/Banana_leaf" title="Banana leaf">banana leaf</a> using the right hand.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> is the staple food in meals of the region.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bhakri" title="Bhakri">Bhakri</a> made of <a href="/wiki/Millets" class="mw-redirect" title="Millets">millets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">roti</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chapathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapathi">chapathi</a> made of <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> served with <a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">dal</a> are popular in the north and western parts of the region.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Idli" title="Idli">Idli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dosa_(food)" title="Dosa (food)">dosa</a> served with <a href="/wiki/Sambar_(dish)" title="Sambar (dish)">sambar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">chutney</a> for breakfast and rice served with sambar and <a href="/wiki/Rasam_(dish)" title="Rasam (dish)">rasam</a> for lunch are popular in the eastern and southern parts of the region.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_cuisine" title="Hyderabadi cuisine">Hyderabadi cuisine</a> is popular for its <a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_biryani" title="Hyderabadi biryani">biryani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Andal_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Andal_Temple.jpg/153px-Andal_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Andal_Temple.jpg/230px-Andal_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Andal_Temple.jpg/306px-Andal_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2393" data-file-height="1709" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:84px;max-width:84px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesara_style_vimana_and_stellate_shrine_in_Keshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vesara_style_vimana_and_stellate_shrine_in_Keshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg/82px-Vesara_style_vimana_and_stellate_shrine_in_Keshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vesara_style_vimana_and_stellate_shrine_in_Keshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg/123px-Vesara_style_vimana_and_stellate_shrine_in_Keshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vesara_style_vimana_and_stellate_shrine_in_Keshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg/164px-Vesara_style_vimana_and_stellate_shrine_in_Keshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Grishneshwar_temple_in_Aurangabad_district.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Grishneshwar_temple_in_Aurangabad_district.jpg/145px-Grishneshwar_temple_in_Aurangabad_district.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Grishneshwar_temple_in_Aurangabad_district.jpg/218px-Grishneshwar_temple_in_Aurangabad_district.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Grishneshwar_temple_in_Aurangabad_district.jpg/290px-Grishneshwar_temple_in_Aurangabad_district.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_architecture" title="Dravidian architecture">Dravidian</a> (left), <a href="/wiki/Vesara" title="Vesara">Vesara</a> (center), and <a href="/wiki/Nagara_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagara architecture">Nagara</a> architecture.</div></div></div></div> The region is home to various music and dance forms such as <a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lavani" title="Lavani">Lavani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> There are three distinct styles of rock architecture, the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_architecture" title="Dravidian architecture">Dravidian</a> style of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, the <a href="/wiki/Vesara" title="Vesara">Vesara</a> style of Karnataka, Telangana, and the <a href="/wiki/Nagara_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagara architecture">Nagara</a> style of Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In Dravidian architecture, the temples considered of large gate-pyramids or <a href="/wiki/Gopuram" title="Gopuram">Gopurams</a> in quadrangular enclosures that surround the temple with large pillared halls.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vimana_(architectural_feature)" title="Vimana (architectural feature)">Vimanam</a> are similar structures built over the <a href="/wiki/Garbhagriha" title="Garbhagriha">garbhagriha</a> or inner sanctum of the temple but are usually smaller than the gopurams in the Dravidian architecture.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In the Nagara style, the temples had one or more <a href="/wiki/Shikhara" title="Shikhara">shikharas</a>, which are towers similar to the vimanas.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The Vesara style is a hybrid of both these architectural styles.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_roadway_map_with_population_density.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/India_roadway_map_with_population_density.svg/220px-India_roadway_map_with_population_density.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/India_roadway_map_with_population_density.svg/330px-India_roadway_map_with_population_density.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/India_roadway_map_with_population_density.svg/440px-India_roadway_map_with_population_density.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1639" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption>Highway distribution with population density.</figcaption></figure> There is an extensive road network composed of <a href="/wiki/National_highways_of_India" title="National highways of India">National Highways</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_highways_in_India" title="State highways in India">State Highways</a> and other roads in the region. The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Quadrilateral" title="Golden Quadrilateral">Golden Quadrilateral</a> connecting the major cities in the country traverses across the region.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Public bus services are mostly provided by state-run transport corporations.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Madras_Railway" title="Madras Railway">Madras Railway</a> was established in 1845 and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Indian_Peninsular_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Indian Peninsular Railway">Great Indian Peninsular Railway</a> was incorporated in 1849.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The construction on the first main line in the South between <a href="/wiki/Royapuram" title="Royapuram">Royapuram</a> in Madras and <a href="/wiki/Arcot" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcot">Arcot</a> started in 1853, which became operational on 1 July 1856.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In 1879, the <a href="/wiki/Nizam%27s_Guaranteed_State_Railway" title="Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway">Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway</a> was established which built railway lines across the then <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_State_Railway" title="Mysore State Railway">Mysore State Railway</a> was established to build an extension of Madras Railway in Mysore State.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In 1880, the Great Indian Peninsula Railway built a railway network radiating from Madras.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Madras_and_Southern_Mahratta_Railway" title="Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway">Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway</a> was founded on 1 January 1908 by merging the Madras Railway and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Mahratta_Railway" title="Southern Mahratta Railway">Southern Mahratta Railway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> In 1950, there were about 42 different railway companies across the countrym which were amalgamated in steps to form a single entity named as <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> On 14 April 1951, the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway, and the Mysore State Railway were merged to form the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Railway (India)">Southern Railway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_zone" title="Southern Railway zone">first zone</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_zone" title="Western Railway zone">Western</a> was established on 5 November 1951, the <a href="/wiki/South_Central_Railway_zone" title="South Central Railway zone">South Central zone</a> on 2 October 1966, and the <a href="/wiki/South_Western_Railway_zone" title="South Western Railway zone">South Western zone</a> on 1 April 2003.<a href="#cite_note-NAIR-131">[131]</a> Most of the region is covered by these four zones, with small portions of the coasts covered by <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway_zone" title="East Coast Railway zone">East Coast Railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konkan_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkan Railway">Konkan Railway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro</a> and suburban systems are operational in major cities.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Air transport in the region started in the late 1910s with commercial services beginning in the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> The region has multiple <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_India" title="List of airports in India">international and domestic airports</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chennai_International_Airport" title="Chennai International Airport">Chennai International Airport</a> serves as the Southern Regional Headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Airports_Authority_of_India" title="Airports Authority of India">Airports Authority of India</a>, the Southern Region comprising the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana, and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai International Airport">Mumbai International Airport</a> serves the state of Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> The southern region comes under the purview of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Air_Command,_Indian_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Air Command, Indian Air Force">Southern Air Command</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> and the north western region comes under the <a href="/wiki/South_Western_Air_Command" title="South Western Air Command">South Western Air Command</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(India)" title="Central Highlands (India)">Central Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern Coastal Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western Coastal Plains</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Retrieved 8 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Massive+uranium+deposits+found+in+Andhra+Pradesh&rft.date=2011-07-19&rft.aulast=Thakur&rft.aufirst=Monami&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fmassive-uranium-deposit-found-andhra-pradesh-india-299977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBedi2011" class="citation news cs1">Bedi, Rahul (19 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/8647745/Largest-uranium-reserves-found-in-India.html">"Largest uranium reserves found in India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Telegraph_(India)" title="The Telegraph (India)">The Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/8647745/Largest-uranium-reserves-found-in-India.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Largest+uranium+reserves+found+in+India&rft.date=2011-07-19&rft.aulast=Bedi&rft.aufirst=Rahul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Findia%2F8647745%2FLargest-uranium-reserves-found-in-India.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alam-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alam_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alam_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alam_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alam_37-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlam2011" class="citation book cs1">Alam, Shah Manzoor (2011). "The Historic Deccan - A Geographical Appraisal". In Kalpana Markandey; Geeta Reddy Anant (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2E-XejrqHt0C">Urban Growth Theories and Settlement Systems of India</a>. Concept. pp. 311–312. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-180-69739-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-180-69739-5"><bdi>978-8-180-69739-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Historic+Deccan+-+A+Geographical+Appraisal&rft.btitle=Urban+Growth+Theories+and+Settlement+Systems+of+India&rft.pages=311-312&rft.pub=Concept&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-8-180-69739-5&rft.aulast=Alam&rft.aufirst=Shah+Manzoor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2E-XejrqHt0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eaton-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eaton_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eaton_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaton2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Eaton" title="Richard M. 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A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-25484-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-25484-7"><bdi>978-0-521-25484-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+the+Deccan%2C+1300%E2%80%931761&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-25484-7&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1993" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Stewart (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C">The Marathas 1600–1818</a>. The New Cambridge History of India. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26883-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26883-7"><bdi>978-0-521-26883-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230704172644/https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marathas+1600%E2%80%931818&rft.series=The+New+Cambridge+History+of+India&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26883-7&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiHK-BhVXOU4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=42501">"Physiography of Water"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Press_Information_Bureau" title="Press Information Bureau">Press Information Bureau</a> (Press release). 9 September 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Physiography+of+Water&rft.date=2008-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpib.gov.in%2Fnewsite%2Ferelcontent.aspx%3Frelid%3D42501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Population of India. 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Indian Institute of Science. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240521124318/https://wgbis.ces.iisc.ac.in/biodiversity/sahyadri/wgbis_info/form.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Formation+of+Western+Ghats&rft.pub=Indian+Institute+of+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwgbis.ces.iisc.ac.in%2Fbiodiversity%2Fsahyadri%2Fwgbis_info%2Fform.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hydro-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hydro_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hydro_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanavas_P_HSumesh_A_KHaris_P_M2016" class="citation book cs1">Shanavas P H; Sumesh A K; Haris P M (2016). Western Ghats - From Ecology To Economics. 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Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160801140005/https://www.britannica.com/science/Indian-monsoon">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+monsoon&rft.pub=Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2FIndian-monsoon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/orographic-precipitation">"Orographic precipitation"</a>. 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New York: Shakti Press International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9661496-1-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9661496-1-0"><bdi>0-9661496-1-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saris%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide+to+the+Indian+Art+of+Draping&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Shakti+Press+International&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-9661496-1-0&rft.aulast=Boulanger&rft.aufirst=Chantal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynton1995" class="citation book cs1">Lynton, Linda (1995). The Sari. Harry N. 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Prentice Hall. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1302-5380-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1302-5380-4"><bdi>978-0-1302-5380-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociology+of+Religion&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-1302-5380-4&rft.aulast=C.+Monahan&rft.aufirst=Susanne&rft.au=Andrew+Mirola%2C+William&rft.au=O.+Emerson%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/dhoti">"About Dhoti"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=About+Dhoti&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fdhoti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cloth-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Cloth_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/India/Clothing">"Clothing in India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Britannica">Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317074255/http://www.britannica.com/place/India/Clothing">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2016. 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Reaktion Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spicesglobalhist0000czar/page/128">128</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8618-9426-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-8618-9426-7"><bdi>978-1-8618-9426-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spices%3A+A+Global+History&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-8618-9426-7&rft.aulast=Czarra&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspicesglobalhist0000czar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalby2002" class="citation book cs1">Dalby, Andrew (2002). Dangerous Tastes: The Story of Spices. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5202-3674-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-5202-3674-5"><bdi>978-0-5202-3674-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dangerous+Tastes%3A+The+Story+of+Spices&rft.pub=Berkeley%3A+University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-5202-3674-5&rft.aulast=Dalby&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolinaRoaVan_den_BerghMaghuyop2000" class="citation book cs1">Molina, A.B.; Roa, V.N.; Van den Bergh, I.; Maghuyop, M.A. (2000). Advancing banana and plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific. Biodiversity International. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-719-17513-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-719-17513-1"><bdi>978-9-719-17513-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advancing+banana+and+plantain+R+%26+D+in+Asia+and+the+Pacific&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Biodiversity+International&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-9-719-17513-1&rft.aulast=Molina&rft.aufirst=A.B.&rft.au=Roa%2C+V.N.&rft.au=Van+den+Bergh%2C+I.&rft.au=Maghuyop%2C+M.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalman2009" class="citation book cs1">Kalman, Bobbie (2009). India: The Culture. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7787-9287-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7787-9287-1"><bdi>978-0-7787-9287-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%3A+The+Culture&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Crabtree+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7787-9287-1&rft.aulast=Kalman&rft.aufirst=Bobbie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121003034113/http://faostat.fao.org/site/616/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=616#ancor">"Food Balance Sheets and Crops Primary Equivalent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. 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Universities Press. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-1737-1293-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-1737-1293-7"><bdi>978-8-1737-1293-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Our+Food&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Universities+Press&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.isbn=978-8-1737-1293-7&rft.aulast=Achaya&rft.aufirst=K.T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalasubramanian2014" class="citation news cs1">Balasubramanian, D. 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Retrieved 20 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Changes+in+the+Indian+menu+over+the+ages&rft.date=2014-10-21&rft.aulast=Balasubramanian&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fseta%2F2004%2F10%2F21%2Fstories%2F2004102100111600.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Bloomsbury Handbook of Indian Cuisine. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. 2023. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-12864-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-350-12864-4"><bdi>978-1-350-12864-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bloomsbury+Handbook+of+Indian+Cuisine&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-350-12864-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030628053658/https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/26/stories/2003052600120400.htm">"Varieties from Chettinad cuisine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 26 May 2003. 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Retrieved 20 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Varieties+from+Chettinad+cuisine&rft.date=2003-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fthehindu%2Fmp%2F2003%2F05%2F26%2Fstories%2F2003052600120400.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050331184754/https://www.hindu.com/seta/2005/01/13/stories/2005011300111500.htm">"The music of we primates:Nada Brahmam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 13 January 2013. 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New Delhi: Lustre Press. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-9919-4155-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-9919-4155-4"><bdi>978-9-9919-4155-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rhythm+in+Joy%3A+Classical+Indian+Dance+Traditions&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Lustre+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-9-9919-4155-4&rft.aulast=Samson&rft.aufirst=Leela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarman1992" class="citation book cs1">Harman, William P. (9 October 1992). 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Low Price Publications. p. 309.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Indian+and+Eastern+Architecture&rft.pages=309&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Low+Price+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Fergusson&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChing2007" class="citation book cs1">Ching, Francis D.K.; et al. (2007). A Global History of Architecture. New York: John Wiley and Sons. p. 762. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-4712-6892-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-4712-6892-5"><bdi>978-0-4712-6892-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Global+History+of+Architecture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=762&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-4712-6892-5&rft.aulast=Ching&rft.aufirst=Francis+D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChing1995" class="citation book cs1">Ching, Francis D.K. (1995). A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. New York: John Wiley and Sons. p. 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-4712-8451-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-4712-8451-2"><bdi>978-0-4712-8451-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Visual+Dictionary+of+Architecture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-4712-8451-2&rft.aulast=Ching&rft.aufirst=Francis+D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS.R._Balasubrahmanyam1975" class="citation cs2">S.R. Balasubrahmanyam (1975), Middle Chola Temples, Thomson Press, pp. 16–29, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-0602-3607-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-0602-3607-9"><bdi>978-9-0602-3607-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+Chola+Temples&rft.pages=16-29&rft.pub=Thomson+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-9-0602-3607-9&rft.au=S.R.+Balasubrahmanyam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeelaAmbrosia2016" class="citation journal cs1">Neela, N.; Ambrosia, G. (April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shanlax.com/wp-content/uploads/SIJ_ASH_V3_N4_008.pdf">"Vimana architecture under the Cholas"</a> (PDF). Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science & Humanities. 3 (4): 57. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2321-788X">2321-788X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190705140824/https://www.shanlax.com/wp-content/uploads/SIJ_ASH_V3_N4_008.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shanlax+International+Journal+of+Arts%2C+Science+%26+Humanities&rft.atitle=Vimana+architecture+under+the+Cholas&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=57&rft.date=2016-04&rft.issn=2321-788X&rft.aulast=Neela&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Ambrosia%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanlax.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FSIJ_ASH_V3_N4_008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/technology/shikhara">"Shikhara"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Britannica">Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151127090147/http://www.britannica.com/technology/shikhara">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2015. 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University of Delaware Press. pp. 77–83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8741-3684-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8741-3684-5"><bdi>978-0-8741-3684-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imagining+Architects%3A+Creativity+in+the+Religious+Monuments+of+India&rft.pages=77-83&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8741-3684-5&rft.au=Sinha%2C+A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_M._FritzGeorge_Michell2001" class="citation book cs1">John M. Fritz; George Michell (2001). New Light on Hampi, Recent research in Vijayanagara. MARG. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-1850-2653-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-1850-2653-4"><bdi>978-8-1850-2653-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Light+on+Hampi%2C+Recent+research+in+Vijayanagara&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=MARG&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-8-1850-2653-4&rft.au=John+M.+Fritz&rft.au=George+Michell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/48.pdf">Year at a glance</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231120174316/https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/48.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Year+at+a+glance&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmorth.nic.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F48.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tnstc.in/innerHtmls/pdf/Tamil%20Nadu%20STUs-pages.pdf">"Profile, APSRTC"</a> (PDF). Government of Andhra Pradesh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331121802/https://www.tnstc.in/innerHtmls/pdf/Tamil%20Nadu%20STUs-pages.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile%2C+APSRTC&rft.pub=Government+of+Andhra+Pradesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnstc.in%2FinnerHtmls%2Fpdf%2FTamil%2520Nadu%2520STUs-pages.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tnstc.in/innerHtmls/pdf/Tamil%20Nadu%20STUs-pages.pdf">About TNSTC</a> (PDF) (Report). Government of Tamil Nadu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331121802/https://www.tnstc.in/innerHtmls/pdf/Tamil%20Nadu%20STUs-pages.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=About+TNSTC&rft.pub=Government+of+Tamil+Nadu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnstc.in%2FinnerHtmls%2Fpdf%2FTamil%2520Nadu%2520STUs-pages.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230105141248/https://www.ksrtc.in/pages/history.html">"History of KSRTC"</a>. Government of Karnataka. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksrtc.in/pages/history.html">the original</a> on 5 January 2023. 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Hyderabad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606235217/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/it-will-be-tgsrtc-from-june-2/article6014676.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=It+will+be+TGSRTC+from+June+2&rft.date=2014-05-16&rft.aulast=Krishnamoorthy&rft.aufirst=Suresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Fit-will-be-tgsrtc-from-june-2%2Farticle6014676.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railrestro.com/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/Heritage/2021/PDF/3%20Presentation%20Shradha%20Arora%20IRICEN%202019.pdf">Understanding Indian Railway Heritage</a> (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231226101121/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/Heritage/2021/PDF/3%20Presentation%20Shradha%20Arora%20IRICEN%202019.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Understanding+Indian+Railway+Heritage&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Indian+Railways&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railrestro.com%2Frailwayboard%2Fuploads%2Fdirectorate%2FHeritage%2F2021%2FPDF%2F3%2520Presentation%2520Shradha%2520Arora%2520IRICEN%25202019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/on-the-forgotten-track/articleshow/99129882.cms?from=mdr">"On Forgotten Road"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 31 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230812065104/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/on-the-forgotten-track/articleshow/99129882.cms?from=mdr">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=On+Forgotten+Road&rft.date=2013-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fchennai%2Fon-the-forgotten-track%2Farticleshow%2F99129882.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaganath" class="citation book cs1">Jaganath, Santosh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lH0ACAAAQBAJ&q=Jankampet-Bodhan%20Railway&pg=PA98">The History of Nizam's Railways System</a>. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-312-49647-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-312-49647-7"><bdi>978-1-312-49647-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240331165646/https://books.google.com/books?id=lH0ACAAAQBAJ&q=Jankampet-Bodhan%20Railway&pg=PA98#v=snippet&q=Jankampet-Bodhan%20Railway&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Nizam%27s+Railways+System&rft.pages=98&rft.isbn=978-1-312-49647-7&rft.aulast=Jaganath&rft.aufirst=Santosh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlH0ACAAAQBAJ%26q%3DJankampet-Bodhan%2520Railway%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRungta1970" class="citation book cs1">Rungta, Shyam (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riseofbusinessco0000rung">The Rise of Business Corporations in India, 1851–1900</a>. Cambridge U.P. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5210-7354-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-5210-7354-7"><bdi>978-0-5210-7354-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Business+Corporations+in+India%2C+1851%E2%80%931900&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Cambridge+U.P.&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-5210-7354-7&rft.aulast=Rungta&rft.aufirst=Shyam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friseofbusinessco0000rung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12705/10/10_chapter%202.pdf">Origin and development of Southern Railway</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091255/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/12705/10/10_chapter%202.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Origin+and+development+of+Southern+Railway&rft.pub=Indian+Railways&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in%2Fbitstream%2F10603%2F12705%2F10%2F10_chapter%25202.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaychaudhuriHabib1982" class="citation book cs1">Raychaudhuri, Tapan; Habib, Irfan (1982). The Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol 2. 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Indian Railways. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120708053152/http://indianrlys.wordpress.com/tag/royapuram-railway-station/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2012. 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Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Indian+Railways&rft.pub=Parliament+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Floksabhadocs.nic.in%2Flsscommittee%2FRailways%2F16_Railways_13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianrailways.gov.in/Indian%20Railways%20Whistling%20Ahead-%20%20Story%20of%20Growth%20and%20Modernisation-Booklet.pdf">Modernisation booklet</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240309113736/https://indianrailways.gov.in/Indian%20Railways%20Whistling%20Ahead-%20%20Story%20of%20Growth%20and%20Modernisation-Booklet.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Modernisation+booklet&rft.pub=Indian+Railways&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianrailways.gov.in%2FIndian%2520Railways%2520Whistling%2520Ahead-%2520%2520Story%2520of%2520Growth%2520and%2520Modernisation-Booklet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indianrailways.gov.in/financecode/ADMIN_FINANCE/AdminFinanceCh1_Data.htm">"Evolution of Indian Railways-Historical Background"</a>. Ministry of Railways. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100419121522/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/FinanceCode/ADMIN_FINANCE/AdminFinanceCh1_Data.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2010. Retrieved 13 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+Indian+Railways-Historical+Background&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Railways&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianrailways.gov.in%2Ffinancecode%2FADMIN_FINANCE%2FAdminFinanceCh1_Data.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAIR-131"><a href="#cite_ref-NAIR_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nair.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1430369298618-general%20overview.pdf">Overview of Indian Railways</a> (PDF) (Report). National Academy of Indian Railways. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108180850/https://nair.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1430369298618-general%20overview.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Overview+of+Indian+Railways&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Indian+Railways&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnair.indianrailways.gov.in%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2F1430369298618-general%2520overview.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/eff_res/downloads/2021/List%20of%20Zones%20%26%20Divisions.pdf">Zones and divisions of Indian Railways</a> (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329003421/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/eff_res/downloads/2021/List%20of%20Zones%20%26%20Divisions.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2024. 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Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=List+of+Indian+Airports&rft.pub=Airports+Authority+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aai.aero%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fbasic_page_files%2Flist%2520of%2520airport%2520bilingual.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Jul2k24Annex3.pdf">Traffic Statistics-July 2024</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Airports_Authority_of_India" title="Airports Authority of India">Airports Authority of India</a>. 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Retrieved 30 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Airports+Authority+of+India&rft.atitle=Regional+Headquarters+of+AAI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aai.aero%2Fen%2Fnode%2F4004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianairforce.nic.in/">"Indian Air Force Commands"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191002044147/https://indianairforce.nic.in/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Air+Force&rft.atitle=Indian+Air+Force+Commands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianairforce.nic.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeccan+Plateau" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a 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id="Geography_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">Geography of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_India" title="Category:Geology of India">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Parks_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil Parks of India">Fossil Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geological_Monuments_of_India" title="National Geological Monuments of India">Geological Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stones_of_India" title="Stones of India">Stones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_National_Importance_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments of National Importance of India">National monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_groves_of_India" title="Sacred groves of India">Sacred Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains#India" title="Sacred mountains">Sacred Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River#Sacred" title="River">Sacred Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in India">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landforms_of_India" title="Landforms of India">Landforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_India" title="List of beaches in India">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_India" title="Borders of India">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_India" title="List of canals in India">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India" title="Exclusive economic zone of India">ECZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_India" title="List of extreme points of India">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of India">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_highest_point" title="List of Indian states and union territories by highest point">Highest point by states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_India" title="List of islands of India">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in India">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_India" title="List of mountains in India">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_of_India" title="List of mountain passes of India">Mountain passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_rivers_of_India" title="List of major rivers of India">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_India" title="List of valleys in India">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_India" title="List of volcanoes in India">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_India" title="List of waterfalls in India">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions of India">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_India" title="Northwest India">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_India" class="mw-redirect" title="West India">West India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions of India">Geographical regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deccan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern Coastal Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Circars" title="Northern Circars">Circars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Plains" title="Utkal Plains">Utkal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Himalaya">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Himalaya">Himachal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Himalayas" title="Great Himalayas">Himadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivalik_Hills" title="Sivalik Hills">Sivalik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western Coastal Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canara" class="mw-redirect" title="Canara">Canara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkan Coast">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiawar" title="Kathiawar">Kathiawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutch">Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_divisions_in_India" title="List of divisions in India">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_India_by_population" title="List of towns in India by population">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of India">Municipalities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_India" title="Environment of India">Ecology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_classification_of_India" title="Biogeographic classification of India">Biogeographic classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environmental Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_India" title="Flora of India">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_India" title="List of forests in India">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_India" title="Protected areas of India">Protected Areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_forests_of_India" title="Communal forests of India">Communal forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_areas_of_India" title="Conservation areas of India">Conservation areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_reserves_and_community_reserves_of_India" title="Conservation reserves and community reserves of India">Conservation and community reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Elephant#Elephant_reserves" title="Project Elephant">Elephant reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_India" title="List of Ramsar sites in India">Ramsar Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_forests_and_protected_forests_of_India" title="Reserved forests and protected forests of India">Reserved and protected forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_reserves_of_India" title="Tiger reserves of India">Tiger reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife sanctuaries of India">Wildlife sanctuaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_South_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GeoSouthAsia" title="Template:GeoSouthAsia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GeoSouthAsia" title="Template talk:GeoSouthAsia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GeoSouthAsia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GeoSouthAsia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_South_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geography of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayas" title="Eastern Himalayas">Eastern Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mountains_(Bhutan)" title="Black Mountains (Bhutan)">Black Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundwa_Range" title="Dundwa Range">Dundwa Range</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Himalayas" title="Great Himalayas">Great Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Eight-thousander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Himalayan_Range" title="Lower Himalayan Range">Lesser Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivalik_Hills" title="Sivalik Hills">Sivalik Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Himalayas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan Himalayas">Tibetan Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayas" title="Western Himalayas">Western Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Garhwal Range">Garhwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_Himalaya" title="Kishtwar Himalaya">Kishtwar Himalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margalla_Hills" title="Margalla Hills">Margalla Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Range" title="Ladakh Range">Ladakh Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanskar_Range" title="Zanskar Range">Zanskar Range</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Mountains" title="Sulaiman Mountains">Sulaiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Kakar_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Toba Kakar Range">Toba Kakar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambanad_Hills" title="Ambanad Hills">Ambanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaimalai_Hills" title="Anaimalai Hills">Anaimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biligiriranga_Hills" title="Biligiriranga Hills">Biligiriranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom_Hills" title="Cardamom Hills">Cardamom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_Mountains" title="Nilgiri Mountains">Nilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satmala_Range" title="Satmala Range">Satmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selbari_Range" title="Selbari Range">Selbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palani_Hills" title="Palani Hills">Palani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peaks_in_the_Western_Ghats" title="List of peaks in the Western Ghats">Peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumoorthy_hills" title="Thirumoorthy hills">Thirumoorthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimbakeshwar_Range" title="Trimbakeshwar Range">Trimbakeshwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biligiriranga_Hills" title="Biligiriranga Hills">Bilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhamalai" title="Bodhamalai">Bodhamalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitteri_Hills" title="Chitteri Hills">Chitteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erramala" title="Erramala">Erramala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhamardan_Hills" title="Gandhamardan Hills">Gandhamardan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhjat_Hills" title="Garhjat Hills">Garhjat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javadi_Hills" title="Javadi Hills">Javadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalrayan_Hills" title="Kalrayan Hills">Kalrayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolli_Hills" title="Kolli Hills">Kolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nallamala_Hills" title="Nallamala Hills">Nallamalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyamgiri" title="Niyamgiri">Niyamgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachaimalai_Hills" title="Pachaimalai Hills">Pachaimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palkonda_Hills" title="Palkonda Hills">Palkonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshachalam_Hills" title="Seshachalam Hills">Seshachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simhachalam_Hill_Range" title="Simhachalam Hill Range">Simhachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servarayan_Hills" title="Servarayan Hills">Servarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirumalai_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirumalai Hills">Sirumalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velikonda_Range" title="Velikonda Range">Velikonda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aravalli_Range" title="Aravalli Range">Aravalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaintia_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaintia Hills">Jaintia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushai_Hills" title="Lushai Hills">Lushai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Hills" title="Naga Hills">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purvanchal_Range" title="Purvanchal Range">Purvanchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satpura_Range" title="Satpura Range">Satpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindhya_Range" title="Vindhya Range">Vindhya</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plateaus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chota_Nagpur_Plateau" title="Chota Nagpur Plateau">Chota Nagpur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Plateau">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thal_Desert" title="Thal Desert">Thal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lowlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges-Brahmaputra_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta">Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Plain" title="Punjab Plain">Punjab Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarbans" title="Sundarbans">Sundarbans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Basin" title="Indus Basin">Indus Basin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Delta">Indus Delta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coastal India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="East Coast of India">East Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Plains" title="Utkal Plains">Utkal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast of India">West Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canara" class="mw-redirect" title="Canara">Canara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rann_of_Kutch" title="Rann of Kutch">Rann of Kutch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makran" title="Makran">Makran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water-bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majuli" title="Majuli">Majuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamban_Island" title="Pamban Island">Pamban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atolls_of_the_Maldives" title="Atolls of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Afghanistan" title="Geography of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Geography of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bhutan" title="Geography of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Maldives" title="Geography of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nepal" title="Geography of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Geography of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Central South Asia">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_South_Asia" title="Littoral South Asia">Littoral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island South Asia">Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_South_Asia" title="Northern South Asia">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_South_Asia" title="Northwestern South Asia">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_South_Asia" title="Eastern South Asia">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_South_Asia" title="Southern South Asia">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern South Asia">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern South Asia">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Plateaus_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Plateaus_of_India" title="Template:Plateaus of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Plateaus_of_India" title="Template talk:Plateaus of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Plateaus_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Plateaus of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Plateaus_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Plateaus of India</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolar_Plateau" title="Kolar Plateau">Kolar Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Plateau">Mysore Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigur_Plateau" title="Sigur Plateau">Sigur Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallam_Plateau" title="Vallam Plateau">Vallam Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changthang_plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Changthang plateau">Changthang plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chota_Nagpur_Plateau" title="Chota Nagpur Plateau">Chota Nagpur Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi-Meghalaya_plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbi-Meghalaya plateau">Karbi-Meghalaya plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_Anglong_Plateau" title="Karbi Anglong Plateau">Karbi Anglong Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohtas_Plateau" title="Rohtas Plateau">Rohtas Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong_Plateau" title="Shillong Plateau">Shillong Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mangi-Tungi" title="Mangi-Tungi">Mangi-Tungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaas_plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaas plateau">Kaas plateau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deccan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masai_Plateau" title="Masai Plateau">Masai Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhander_Plateau" title="Bhander Plateau">Bhander Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijawar-Panna_Plateau" title="Bijawar-Panna Plateau">Bijawar-Panna Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewa_Plateau" title="Rewa Plateau">Rewa Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169966#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169966#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169966#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/173745087">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpPJcyGQRPHtqfdkJ9xDq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge966470&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007543226205171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027629902">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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