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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_incident&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Narcosobrinos incident">Narcosobrinos incident</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cocaine smuggling by Venezuelan President Maduro's nephews</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary"><i>Narcosobrinos</i> affair</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Narcosobrinos_arrest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Narcosobrinos_arrest.jpg/250px-Narcosobrinos_arrest.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Narcosobrinos_arrest.jpg/375px-Narcosobrinos_arrest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Narcosobrinos_arrest.jpg/500px-Narcosobrinos_arrest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1387" data-file-height="1382" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><small>Campo (second from left) and Flores (third from right) following their arrest.</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">10 November 2015</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince,_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Port-au-Prince, Haiti">Port-au-Prince, Haiti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Suspects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Efra%C3%ADn_Antonio_Campo_Flores" title="Efraín Antonio Campo Flores">Efraín Antonio Campo Flores</a>, Francisco Flores, Roberto de Jesus Soto Garcia and others.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b><i>Narcosobrinos</i> affair</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> for <i>drug-nephews</i>) is the situation of events that surrounded two nephews of Venezuelan President <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Cilia_Flores" title="Cilia Flores">Cilia Flores</a> who were arrested for narcotics trafficking. The nephews, <a href="/wiki/Efra%C3%ADn_Antonio_Campo_Flores" title="Efraín Antonio Campo Flores">Efraín Antonio Campo Flores</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Flores_de_Freitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Flores de Freitas (page does not exist)">Francisco Flores de Freitas</a>, were arrested on 10 November 2015 by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Drug_Enforcement_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Drug Enforcement Administration">United States Drug Enforcement Administration</a> in <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> after attempting to transport 800 kilograms of <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> into the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN1111_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN1111-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year later on 18 November 2016, the two nephews were found guilty, with the cash allegedly destined to "help their family stay in power".<sup id="cite_ref-REUT18nov_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REUT18nov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 December 2017, the two were <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America_v._Campo_and_Flores" title="United States of America v. Campo and Flores">sentenced</a> to 18 years of imprisonment.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2022 Campos and Flores were released and sent to Venezuela as a <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_exchange" title="Prisoner exchange">prisoner swap</a> reached with United States in exchange of five Venezuelan-American directors of the oil refinery corporation <a href="/wiki/CITGO" class="mw-redirect" title="CITGO">CITGO</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Citgo_Six" title="Citgo Six">Citgo Six</a>) imprisoned in Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>Narcosobrinos</i> is the word <i>narco</i>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Drug_dealer" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug dealer">drug dealer</a>", followed by <i>sobrinos</i>, which translates to "nephews". Its translation could therefore be "drug dealer nephews". The term derived from the media which focused on the relation of drug dealing charges to President Maduro's nephews.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USSOUTHCOM_Suspect_Air_Activity_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/USSOUTHCOM_Suspect_Air_Activity_2010.png/300px-USSOUTHCOM_Suspect_Air_Activity_2010.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/USSOUTHCOM_Suspect_Air_Activity_2010.png/450px-USSOUTHCOM_Suspect_Air_Activity_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/USSOUTHCOM_Suspect_Air_Activity_2010.png/600px-USSOUTHCOM_Suspect_Air_Activity_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="2131" data-file-height="1598" /></a><figcaption>Aircraft activity of drug trafficking suspects primarily from Venezuela tracked by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Southern_Command" title="United States Southern Command">United States Southern Command</a> showing multiple drug flights to Haiti.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Venezuela#Government_involvement_in_drug_trade" title="Corruption in Venezuela">Corruption in Venezuela § Government involvement in drug trade</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Venezuela" title="Illegal drug trade in Venezuela">Illegal drug trade in Venezuela</a></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Diehl" title="Jackson Diehl">Jackson Diehl</a>, Deputy Editorial Page Editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, the Bolivarian government of Venezuela shelters "one of the world's biggest drug cartels". There have been allegations of former president <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> being involved with drug trafficking.<sup id="cite_ref-JDmay2015_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDmay2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2015, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> reported from United States officials that drug trafficking in Venezuela increased significantly with Colombian drug traffickers moving from Colombia to Venezuela due to pressure from law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-SUNwsj_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUNwsj-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> official described the higher ranks of the Venezuelan government and military as "a criminal organization", with high ranking Venezuelan officials being accused of drug trafficking.<sup id="cite_ref-SUNwsj_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUNwsj-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those involved with investigations stated that Venezuelan government defectors and former traffickers had given information to investigators and that details of those involved in government drug trafficking were increasing.<sup id="cite_ref-SUNwsj_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUNwsj-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anti-drug authorities have also accused some Venezuelan officials of working with <a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_cartel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican drug cartel">Mexican drug cartels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ELPAISdrugs2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELPAISdrugs2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a presentation at the XXXII International Conference on Drugs in 2015, commander of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Southern_Command" title="United States Southern Command">United States Southern Command</a> General <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kelly_(Marine)" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kelly (Marine)">John Kelly</a> stated that though relations with other Latin American nations countering drug trafficking has been good, Venezuela was not as cooperative and that "there's a lot of cocaine leaving Venezuela to the world market". General Kelly also stated that almost all shipments of cocaine using aircraft comes out of Venezuela and that since 2013 to early-2014, the route of drug trafficking aircraft has changed from heading to Central America to primarily traveling through Caribbean islands.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Narcosobrinos</i> incident happened at a time when multiple high-ranking members of the Venezuelan government were being investigated for their involvement of drug trafficking,<sup id="cite_ref-WSJcocaine_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJcocaine-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including Walter Jacobo Gavidia, Cilia Flores' son who is a Caracas judge, former National Assembly President <a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Cabello" title="Diosdado Cabello">Diosdado Cabello</a>, and Governor of Aragua State <a href="/wiki/Tarek_El_Aissami" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarek El Aissami">Tarek El Aissami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-INSIGHT_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INSIGHT-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Series_of_events">Series of events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Series of events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparation_and_DEA_monitoring">Preparation and DEA monitoring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Preparation and DEA monitoring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Campo Flores and Flores de Freitas were involved in illicit activities such as drug trafficking and possibly financially assisted President Maduro's presidential campaign in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2013 Venezuelan presidential election">2013 Venezuelan presidential election</a> and potentially for the <a href="/wiki/2015_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election">2015 Venezuelan parliamentary elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-INSIGHT_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INSIGHT-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABCnov19_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABCnov19-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One informant stated that the two would often fly out of Terminal 4 of <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar_International_Airport_(Venezuela)" title="Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)">Simon Bolivar Airport</a>, a terminal reserved for the president.<sup id="cite_ref-INSIGHT_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INSIGHT-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABCnov19_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABCnov19-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narcosobrinos_body_dismembered_messages.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Narcosobrinos_body_dismembered_messages.jpg/700px-Narcosobrinos_body_dismembered_messages.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Narcosobrinos_body_dismembered_messages.jpg/1050px-Narcosobrinos_body_dismembered_messages.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Narcosobrinos_body_dismembered_messages.jpg/1400px-Narcosobrinos_body_dismembered_messages.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6642" data-file-height="2574" /></a><figcaption>Eight pages of messages between the nephews detailing the murder and dismemberment of an indebted individual<br /> <span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Source:</b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a></span></figcaption></figure><p> The nephews and DEA informants met on multiple occasions in Haiti, Honduras and Venezuela while every meeting "produced an audio recording plus three to seven videos".<sup id="cite_ref-UNI37_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNI37-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campo and Flores planned to ship cocaine supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia">Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)</a> to the United States and sought for assistance with their plans.<sup id="cite_ref-REUTconfess_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REUTconfess-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 October 2015, a confidential DEA informant known as CW-1 and his employee "El Flaco" were contacted by a Venezuelan contact known as "Hamudi" who introduced Campo and Flores to the informant.<sup id="cite_ref-ICinformant_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICinformant-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LPinformant_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPinformant-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narcosobrinos_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Narcosobrinos_2.jpg/250px-Narcosobrinos_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Narcosobrinos_2.jpg/375px-Narcosobrinos_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Narcosobrinos_2.jpg/500px-Narcosobrinos_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>Campo and Flores seen showing the purity of drugs in a secret video during a 27 October 2015 meeting in <a href="/wiki/Caracas,_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Caracas, Venezuela">Caracas, Venezuela</a> with DEA informants.</figcaption></figure><p> The next day on 4 October 2015, the two flew from Venezuela to <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_Sula" title="San Pedro Sula">San Pedro Sula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, with nephews stating that they would use their connections to send narcotics on legal flights from <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, Venezuela to <a href="/wiki/Roat%C3%A1n" title="Roatán">Roatán</a>, Honduras, knowing that their relation to the president "would open doors for the smuggling operation".<sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNI37_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNI37-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narcosobrinos_weapons.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Narcosobrinos_weapons.png/300px-Narcosobrinos_weapons.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Narcosobrinos_weapons.png/450px-Narcosobrinos_weapons.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Narcosobrinos_weapons.png/600px-Narcosobrinos_weapons.png 2x" data-file-width="1863" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Photos from Campo's phone showing two firearms and an <a href="/wiki/AT4" title="AT4">AT4</a> rocket launcher.</figcaption></figure> <p>In late-October, CS-1, who presented himself as a Mexican drug boss and CS-2, presenting himself as an associate of CS-1, flew to Caracas, Venezuela to meet with the nephews.<sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 23 October 2015, CS-1 and CS-2 met with the nephews, with Campo stating that he was "the one in charge" and that "we're at war with the United States ... with Colombia ... with the opposition".<sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campo also reassured the two informants that the cocaine shipments would not be tracked by law enforcement because the plane would "depart from here as if ... some from our family were on the plane".<sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Days later on 26 October 2015, Campo stated that the two were to ship cocaine and were seeking to raise about $20 million, explaining that CW-1 would be paid about $900,000 to receive the cocaine in Honduras.<sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day on 27 October 2015, Campo and Flores presented a kilogram of cocaine to CS-1 and CS-2 to show its purity, with the informants believing that the purity was between 95%-97%.<sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 November 2015, informant CS-3 met with co-defendant Roberto de Jesus Soto Garcia to plan on how to receive the cocaine in Honduras.<sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soto explained the schedule at the <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_G%C3%A1lvez_International_Airport" title="Juan Manuel Gálvez International Airport">Juan Manuel Gálvez International Airport</a> in Roatán, Honduras and stated that the load of cocaine would then be "arranged with all of those inside of the airport".<sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrests">Arrests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Arrests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Campo_Flores_and_Flores_de_Freites">Campo Flores and Flores de Freites</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Campo Flores and Flores de Freites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narcosobrinos_YV2030.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Narcosobrinos_YV2030.jpg/250px-Narcosobrinos_YV2030.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Narcosobrinos_YV2030.jpg/375px-Narcosobrinos_YV2030.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Narcosobrinos_YV2030.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="161" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Cessna_Citation_I" title="Cessna Citation I">Cessna Citation 500</a> private jet registered as YV2030 in Venezuela that flew Campos and Flores into Haiti on 10 November 2015.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 10 November 2015, Campo Flores and Flores de Freites were flown into <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> by two Venezuelan military personnel accompanied by two presidential honor guards carrying more than 800 kilograms of <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> destined for <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNI37_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNI37-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN1111_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN1111-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WSJcocaine_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJcocaine-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTcocaine_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTcocaine-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOXcocaine_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOXcocaine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The jet was a <a href="/wiki/Cessna_Citation_I" title="Cessna Citation I">Cessna Citation 500</a> that belonged to Lebanese Venezuelan businessmen Majed and Khaled Khalil Majzoun, who were linked to old projects of the <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> government and close to high ranking Venezuelan politician <a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Cabello" title="Diosdado Cabello">Diosdado Cabello</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-INFOjet_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INFOjet-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CS-1 met with the nephews at a restaurant of a hotel near <a href="/wiki/Toussaint_Louverture_International_Airport" title="Toussaint Louverture International Airport">Toussaint Louverture International Airport</a> and was supposed to pay them $5 million for the cocaine.<sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNI37_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNI37-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CS-1 then left into the bathroom and the Haitian <a href="/wiki/Haitian_National_Police#Judicial_Police" title="Haitian National Police">Brigade de Lutte contre le Trafic de Stupéfiants</a> (BLTS) and DEA agents raided the restaurant after identifying themselves, apprehending the nephews.<sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNI37_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNI37-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BLTS personnel wore fatigues and vests that read "POLICE" so they would be able to be identified as well.<sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campos and Flores were later turned over to the DEA and read their <a href="/wiki/Miranda_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Miranda rights">Miranda rights</a> after boarding the DEA plane, being flown directly to <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County_Airport" title="Westchester County Airport">Westchester County Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/White_Plains,_New_York" title="White Plains, New York">White Plains, New York</a> in order to face an immediate trial.<sup id="cite_ref-USvCAMPOSFLORES_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USvCAMPOSFLORES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNI37_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNI37-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WSJcocaine_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJcocaine-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTcocaine_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTcocaine-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOXcocaine_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOXcocaine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two were interviewed separately on the DEA plane.<sup id="cite_ref-UNI37_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNI37-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campo stated on the DEA plane that he was the adopted <a href="/wiki/Step_son" class="mw-redirect" title="Step son">step son</a> of President Maduro and that he grew up in the Maduro household while being raised by Flores.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJcocaine_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJcocaine-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOXcocaine_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOXcocaine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also shown a picture of a man with a kilo package of cocaine replying "That's me" and when asked what was in the package he said "You know what it is".<sup id="cite_ref-UNI37_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNI37-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two men possessed Venezuelan diplomatic passports but did not have <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity" title="Diplomatic immunity">diplomatic immunity</a> according to former head of DEA international operations Michael Vigil.<sup id="cite_ref-ABCnov19_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABCnov19-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTcocaine_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTcocaine-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later raid of Efraín Antonio Campo Flores' "Casa de Campo" mansion and yacht in the Dominican Republic revealed an additional 280 lbs of cocaine and 22 lbs of heroin, with 176 lbs of the drugs found in the home while the remainder was discovered in his yacht.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the extradition process, New York courts could not apprehend those who assisted the nephews on their way to Haiti,<sup id="cite_ref-ABCnov19_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABCnov19-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though a pilot was later arrested. It was also stated by those close to the case that there are more sealed warrants linked to the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-ENHnarcosobrinos_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENHnarcosobrinos-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roberto_de_Jesús_Soto_García"><span id="Roberto_de_Jes.C3.BAs_Soto_Garc.C3.ADa"></span>Roberto de Jesús Soto García</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Roberto de Jesús Soto García"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 28 October 2016, a Honduran man, Roberto de Jesús Soto García, was arrested in Honduras and extradited to the United States. According to authorities, Soto García was responsible for transporting drug shipments from <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_G%C3%A1lvez_International_Airport" title="Juan Manuel Gálvez International Airport">Juan Manuel Gálvez International Airport</a>. Soto García provided information about the port and was supposed to take the drugs from the nephews into the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aircraft_pilot">Aircraft pilot</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aircraft pilot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2016, Yazenky Antonio Lamas Rondón, the pilot of the plane which transported the cocaine and the two nephews, was arrested at the <a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_International_Airport" title="El Dorado International Airport">El Dorado International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bogota,_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogota, Colombia">Bogota, Colombia</a> after the DEA and <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> put out a <a href="/wiki/Arrest_warrant" title="Arrest warrant">warrant</a> for his arrest. According to the DEA, Lamas Rondón piloted over 100 flights over the span of a decade from Venezuela which trafficked various drugs throughout Latin America. He is also believed to be involved with the <a href="/wiki/Cartel_of_the_Suns" title="Cartel of the Suns">Cartel of the Suns</a>, a group of corrupt drug trafficking Venezuelan officials.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trial">Trial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America_v._Campo_and_Flores" title="United States of America v. Campo and Flores">United States of America v. Campo and Flores</a></div> <p>The nephews originally plead not guilty to the charges of conspiring to transport cocaine into the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the two facing up to <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_the_United_States" title="Life imprisonment in the United States">life in prison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GUARDhuh_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GUARDhuh-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In trial papers filed on 1 July 2016, the nephews stated that they were not <a href="/wiki/Miranda_warning" title="Miranda warning">informed of their rights</a> when detained, attempting to suppress their statements that they made to DEA agents after their arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-GUARDhuh_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GUARDhuh-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on 22 July 2016, their statements made to DEA agents were filed as <a href="/wiki/Exhibit_(legal)" title="Exhibit (legal)">exhibit</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">United States Attorney Office in Manhattan</a>, with the two men confessing to their conspiracy to traffic cocaine into the United States that was supposed to be supplied by the Colombian guerilla group, the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia">Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-REUTconfess_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REUTconfess-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pair hoped to make $20 million through multiple drug shipments.<sup id="cite_ref-REUTconfess_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REUTconfess-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A confidential informant posing as a leader of the Sinaloa cartel confessions testified that Efrain Campo planned to finance Cilia Flores' congressional campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 November 2016, the jury reached a verdict finding the two nephews guilty of attempting to traffic drugs into the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-REUT18nov_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REUT18nov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Murdered_informants">Murdered informants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Murdered informants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narcosobrinos_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Narcosobrinos_3.jpg/250px-Narcosobrinos_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Narcosobrinos_3.jpg/375px-Narcosobrinos_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Narcosobrinos_3.jpg/500px-Narcosobrinos_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>Campo and Flores meeting with CW-1 who was confined to a wheelchair.</figcaption></figure> <p>Two informants that observed the nephews were murdered shortly before and after their arrest, raising concerns that the drug trafficking operation was larger than suspected.<sup id="cite_ref-ICinformant_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICinformant-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two weeks before the nephews were arrested, the Venezuelan known as "Hamudi" who introduced the nephews to CW-1 was murdered by FARC suppliers.<sup id="cite_ref-ICinformant_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICinformant-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weeks after the arrests in December 2015, CW-1 was murdered as well.<sup id="cite_ref-ICinformant_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICinformant-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is thought to be that the nephews were not "the brains" of the trafficking attempt but were working under the <a href="/wiki/Cartel_of_the_Suns" title="Cartel of the Suns">Cartel of the Suns</a>. The murdering of informants was a possible way to cover possible involvement by Venezuelan officials. In the United States, the punishment for killing a witness is a <a href="/wiki/Federal_offense" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal offense">federal offense</a> punishable by up to life in prison or execution.<sup id="cite_ref-ICinformant_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICinformant-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prisoner_exchange">Prisoner exchange</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Prisoner exchange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2022 Campos and Flores were released and sent to Venezuela as a settlement reached with the USA government in exchange of five Venezuelan-American directors of the oil refinery corporation <a href="/wiki/CITGO" class="mw-redirect" title="CITGO">CITGO</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Citgo_Six" title="Citgo Six">Citgo Six</a>), who were held in prison in Venezuela, accused of signing an agreement that was "unfavorable" for the Venezuelan subsidiary.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Media coverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>International media focused on the events surrounding the nephews and their trial while Venezuelan media was largely censored from revealing that the two were related to the President Maduro and his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-LPpetit_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPpetit-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venezuelan media organizations like <a href="/wiki/Globovisi%C3%B3n" title="Globovisión">Globovisión</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Altimas_Noticias" title="Últimas Noticias">Últimas Noticias</a></i> only mentioned that "two Venezuelans" were charged with drug trafficking without showing any relation to the president's family, raising accusations of self-censorship.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Social media, which is popular in Venezuela, was used by journalists as a way to allow Venezuelans to bypass censorship and provide updates about the situation surrounding the president's nephews.<sup id="cite_ref-LPpetit_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPpetit-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academics_and_scholars">Academics and scholars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Academics and scholars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to drug trafficking expert, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Bagley" title="Bruce Bagley">Bruce Bagley</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">University of Miami</a>, "The nephews are just the tip of the iceberg ... Corruption is rampant in power circles in Venezuela. This case suggests a culture that drug trafficking is routine and daily fare for someone with contacts in the presidential palace", with Bagley further stating that "With their connections, they felt they would skate through ... They made a mistake because when the DEA heard their names they targeted them."<sup id="cite_ref-UNIcircles_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNIcircles-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_of_Venezuela">Government of Venezuela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Government of Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Maduro's nephews were apprehended by the DEA for the illegal distribution of cocaine on 10 November 2015, Maduro posted a statement on Twitter criticizing "attacks and imperialist ambushes" which was viewed by many media outlets as being directed towards the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-What's_Wrong_with_Venezuela_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What's_Wrong_with_Venezuela-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Maduro's wife, Cilia Flores, accused the United States of kidnapping her nephews and said that she had proof that they were kidnapped by the DEA.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diosdado Cabello, a senior official in Maduro's government who has been accused of drug trafficking himself, was also quoted as saying the arrests were a "kidnapping" by the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roberto de Jesús Soto Garcia, a Honduran man who provided assistance to the smugglers, has been linked to Venezuela's Vice President <a href="/wiki/Tareck_El_Aissami" title="Tareck El Aissami">Tareck El Aissami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ENHnarco_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENHnarco-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the arrest of the nephews, <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> correspondent <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Dreier" title="Hannah Dreier">Hannah Dreier</a> was detained by <a href="/wiki/SEBIN" class="mw-redirect" title="SEBIN">SEBIN</a> agents. She was then interrogated, being threatened with being beheaded in a way like <a href="/wiki/ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL">ISIL</a> did to <a href="/wiki/James_Foley_(journalist)" title="James Foley (journalist)">James Foley</a>, saying they would release her for a kiss. They later stated that they wanted to exchange Dreier for President Maduro's nephews.<sup id="cite_ref-HDdepart_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDdepart-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Saab" title="Alex Saab">Alex Saab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citgo_Six" title="Citgo Six">Citgo Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_John_Heath" title="Matthew John Heath">Matthew John Heath</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CNN1111-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN1111_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN1111_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezuela%27s+first+lady+Cilia+Flores%3A+US+kidnapped+my+nephews+over+drug+charges&rft.date=2016-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fjan%2F13%2Fvenezuelas-first-lady-cilia-flores-us-kidnapped-my-nephews-over-drug-charges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarcosobrinos+affair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurmanaev" class="citation news cs1">Kurmanaev, Anatoly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/arrest-of-nicolas-maduro-relatives-a-kidnapping-venezuelan-official-says-1447712823">"Arrest of Nicolas Maduro Relatives a 'Kidnapping,' Venezuelan Official Says"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Arrest+of+Nicolas+Maduro+Relatives+a+%27Kidnapping%2C%27+Venezuelan+Official+Says&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Kurmanaev&rft.aufirst=Anatoly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Farrest-of-nicolas-maduro-relatives-a-kidnapping-venezuelan-official-says-1447712823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarcosobrinos+affair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ENHnarco-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ENHnarco_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaria_Delgado2016" class="citation news cs1">Maria Delgado, Antonio (29 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/mundo/america-latina/venezuela-es/article86773377.html">"Presentan cargos por narcotráfico contra socio hondureño de los sobrinos de Maduro"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Nuevo_Herald" title="El Nuevo Herald">El Nuevo Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Nuevo+Herald&rft.atitle=Presentan+cargos+por+narcotr%C3%A1fico+contra+socio+hondure%C3%B1o+de+los+sobrinos+de+Maduro&rft.date=2016-06-29&rft.aulast=Maria+Delgado&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnuevoherald.com%2Fnoticias%2Fmundo%2Famerica-latina%2Fvenezuela-es%2Farticle86773377.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarcosobrinos+affair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDdepart-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDdepart_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802074234/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/departing-ap-reporter-looks-back-at-venezuelas/2017/08/02/4f3c86be-7738-11e7-8c17-533c52b2f014_story.html">"Departing AP reporter looks back at Venezuela's slide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. 2 August 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/departing-ap-reporter-looks-back-at-venezuelas/2017/08/02/4f3c86be-7738-11e7-8c17-533c52b2f014_story.html">the original</a> on 2 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Departing+AP+reporter+looks+back+at+Venezuela%27s+slide&rft.date=2017-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fthe_americas%2Fdeparting-ap-reporter-looks-back-at-venezuelas%2F2017%2F08%2F02%2F4f3c86be-7738-11e7-8c17-533c52b2f014_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarcosobrinos+affair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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href="/wiki/Template:Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Template:Crisis in Venezuela"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Template talk:Crisis in Venezuela"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crisis in Venezuela"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crisis_in_Venezuela" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Crisis in Venezuela">Crisis in Venezuela</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Protests against Nicolás Maduro">Protests against Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="Venezuelan presidential crisis">Venezuelan presidential crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Venezuela_(1999%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Venezuela (1999–present)">History of Venezuela (1999–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ongoing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%93present_economic_crisis_in_Venezuela" title="2013–present economic crisis in Venezuela">Economic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_missions" title="Bolivarian missions">Bolivarian missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Bolivarian Revolution">Bolivarian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarianism" title="Bolivarianism">Bolivarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Venezuela" title="Censorship in Venezuela">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">Chavismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Venezuela#Crimes_against_humanity" title="Human rights in Venezuela">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Venezuela#Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Corruption in Venezuela">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_defection" title="Venezuelan crisis defection">Defections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_bol%C3%ADvar" title="Venezuelan bolívar">Devaluation of the Venezuelan bolívar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro_administration" title="Economic policy of the Nicolás Maduro administration">Economic policies under Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Energy crisis in Venezuela">Energy crisis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zulia_energy_collapse" title="Zulia energy collapse">Zulia energy collapse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Venezuela_(1999%E2%80%93present)#From_2009:_Term_limits_eliminated_and_human_rights_abuses" title="History of Venezuela (1999–present)">Human rights abuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_Venezuela" title="Hyperinflation in Venezuela">Hyperinflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Venezuela" title="Illegal drug trade in Venezuela">Illegal drug trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Venezuelan_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis">Internationa sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._sanctions_during_the_Venezuelan_crisis" title="U.S. sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis">U.S. sanctions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interventions_of_political_parties_in_Venezuela" title="Interventions of political parties in Venezuela">Interventions of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negotiations_during_the_Venezuelan_crisis" title="Negotiations during the Venezuelan crisis">Negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="Venezuelan refugee crisis">Refugee crisis and diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_in_Venezuela" title="Shortages in Venezuela">Resource shortages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_protector" title="State protector">State protectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Venezuela and state-sponsored terrorism">State-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_emergency_in_Venezuela" title="States of emergency in Venezuela">States of emergency in Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catatumbo_campaign" title="Catatumbo campaign">Catatumbo campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemon_conflict" title="Pemon conflict">Pemon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Colombia%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis" title="2010 Colombia–Venezuela diplomatic crisis">Colombian diplomatic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Brito" title="Franklin Brito">Death of Franklin Brito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDVAL_affair" title="PDVAL affair">PDVAL affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election">Parliamentary election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/III_National_Assembly_of_Venezuela" title="III National Assembly of Venezuela">III National Assembly of Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amuay_tragedy" title="Amuay tragedy">Amuay tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2012 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Venezuelan_regional_elections" title="2012 Venezuelan regional elections">Regional elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Death of Hugo Chávez">Death of Hugo Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2013 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakazo" title="Dakazo">Dakazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Venezuelan_municipal_elections" title="2013 Venezuelan municipal elections">Municipal elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Salida" title="La Salida">La Salida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Venezuelan_protests" title="2014 Venezuelan protests">2014 protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_Venezuelan_protests" title="Timeline of the 2014 Venezuelan protests">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_L%C3%B3pez#Imprisonment" title="Leopoldo López">Detention of Leopoldo López</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis" title="2014 Panama–Venezuela diplomatic crisis">Panama diplomatic crisis (1st)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_Defense_of_Human_Rights_and_Civil_Society_Act_of_2014" title="Venezuela Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act of 2014">Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ledezma" title="Antonio Ledezma">Detention of Antonio Ledezma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Colombia%E2%80%93Venezuela_migrant_crisis" title="2015 Colombia–Venezuela migrant crisis">Colombian diplomatic/migration crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_8610" title="Resolution 8610">Resolution 8610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2015_Venezuelan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2015 Venezuelan protests">2015 protests (timeline)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narcosobrinos affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election">Parliamentary election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IV_National_Assembly_of_Venezuela" title="IV National Assembly of Venezuela">IV National Assembly of Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Tumeremo_massacre" title="2016 Tumeremo massacre">Tumeremo massacre (first)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Venezuelan_recall_referendum_project" title="2016 Venezuelan recall referendum project">Recall referendum movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2016_Venezuelan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2016 Venezuelan protests">2016 protests (timeline)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilber_Caro#2017_incarceration" title="Gilber Caro">Detention of Gilber Caro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_constitutional_crisis" title="2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis">Constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_of_All_Marches" title="Mother of All Marches">Mother of All Marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracas_helicopter_incident" title="Caracas helicopter incident">Caracas helicopter incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_referendum" title="2017 Venezuelan referendum">Referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_National_Assembly_attack" title="2017 Venezuelan National Assembly attack">National Assembly attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_Constituent_Assembly_election" title="2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election">Constituent Assembly election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_2017_National_Constituent_Assembly_of_Venezuela" title="Members of the 2017 National Constituent Assembly of Venezuela">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_regional_elections" title="2017 Venezuelan regional elections">Regional elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_municipal_elections" title="2017 Venezuelan municipal elections">Municipal elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Fort_Paramacay" title="Attack on Fort Paramacay">Attack on Fort Paramacay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Andr%C3%A9s_Garc%C3%ADa_(politician)" title="Carlos Andrés García (politician)">Death of Carlos Andrés García</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_against_Hatred" title="Law against Hatred">Law against Hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_protests" title="2017 Venezuelan protests">2017 protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2017_Venezuelan_protests" title="Timeline of the 2017 Venezuelan protests">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Junquito_raid" title="El Junquito raid">El Junquito raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Nicolás Maduro presidential campaign">Presidential campaign of Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Valencia,_Venezuela_fire" title="2018 Valencia, Venezuela fire">Valencia fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis" title="2018 Panama–Venezuela diplomatic crisis">Panama diplomatic crisis (2nd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2018 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Para%C3%ADso_stampede" title="El Paraíso stampede">El Paraíso stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracas_drone_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Caracas drone attack">Caracas drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_of_Juan_Requesens" title="Detention of Juan Requesens">Detention of Juan Requesens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viernes_Rojo" title="Viernes Rojo">Economic reforms and <i>Viernes Rojo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Alb%C3%A1n" title="Fernando Albán">Murder of Fernando Albán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2018_Tumeremo_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2018 Tumeremo massacre">Tumeremo massacre (third)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2018_Venezuelan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2018 Venezuelan protests">2018 protests (timeline)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Second inauguration of Nicolás Maduro">Inauguration of Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_TPS_Act_of_2019" title="Venezuela TPS Act of 2019">Venezuela TPS Act of 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Pa%C3%ADs" title="Plan País">Plan País</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_shipping_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Venezuela" title="2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela">Humanitarian aid mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_Amnesty_Law" title="2019 Venezuelan Amnesty Law">Amnesty Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_Aid_Live" title="Venezuela Aid Live">Venezuela Aid Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_Governing_the_Transition_to_Democracy" title="Statute Governing the Transition to Democracy">Statute Governing the Transition to Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AD_Dom%C3%ADnguez" title="Alí Domínguez">Murder of Alí Domínguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_blackouts" title="2019 Venezuelan blackouts">Widespread blackouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Marrero" title="Roberto Marrero">Detention of Roberto Marrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilber_Caro#2019_detention_and_disappearance" title="Gilber Caro">Disappearance of Gilber Caro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_uprising_attempt" title="2019 Venezuelan uprising attempt">30 April uprising attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acarigua_prison_riot" title="Acarigua prison riot">Acarigua prison riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Acosta_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Rafael Acosta Arévalo">Death of Rafael Acosta Arévalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_of_Rufo_Chac%C3%B3n" title="Attack of Rufo Chacón">Attack of Rufo Chacón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Juan Carlos Márquez">Death of Juan Carlos Márquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmundo_Rada" title="Edmundo Rada">Murder of Edmundo Rada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Alacr%C3%A1n" title="Operación Alacrán">Operación Alacrán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_protests" title="2019 Venezuelan protests">2019 protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019_Venezuelan_protests" title="Timeline of the 2019 Venezuelan protests">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Venezuelan_National_Assembly_Delegated_Committee_election" title="2020 Venezuelan National Assembly Delegated Committee election">National Assembly leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addy_Valero" title="Addy Valero">Death of Addy Valero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Cagua_fire" title="2020 Cagua fire">Cagua fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Barquisimeto_shooting" title="2020 Barquisimeto shooting">Barquisimeto shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanare_prison_riot" title="Guanare prison riot">Guanare prison riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gideon_(2020)" title="Operation Gideon (2020)">Operation Gideon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_El_Palito_oil_spill" title="2020 El Palito oil spill">El Palito oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Saab" title="Alex Saab">Detention of Alex Saab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Venezuelan parliamentary election">Parliamentary election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V_National_Assembly_of_Venezuela" title="V National Assembly of Venezuela">V National Assembly of Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Vega_raid" title="La Vega raid">La Vega raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Apure_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Apure clashes">Apure clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Arauca_clashes" title="2022 Arauca clashes">Arauca clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Venezuelan_recall_referendum_project" title="2022 Venezuelan recall referendum project">Recall referendum project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Solidarity_Law" title="Anti-Solidarity Law">Anti-Solidarity Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados_Agreement" title="Barbados Agreement">Barbados Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Unitary_Platform_presidential_primaries" title="2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries">Unitary Platform presidential primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Venezuelan_referendum" title="2023 Venezuelan referendum">Referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Guyana–Venezuela crisis">Guyana–Venezuela crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_El_Palito_oil_spill" title="2023 El Palito oil spill">El Palito oil spill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detention_of_Roc%C3%ADo_San_Miguel" title="Detention of Rocío San Miguel">Detention of Rocío San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_against_Fascism,_Neofascism_and_Similar_Expressions" title="Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions">Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulla_Loca_mine_disaster" title="Bulla Loca mine disaster">Bulla Loca mine disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2024 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2024_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="International reactions to the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election">international reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_protests" title="2024 Venezuelan protests">protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_political_crisis" title="2024 Venezuelan political crisis">political crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_blackouts" title="2024 Venezuelan blackouts">Widespread blackouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Argentine_Embassy_and_ambassador%27s_residence_in_Venezuela" title="Siege of the Argentine Embassy and ambassador's residence in Venezuela">Argentine embassy siege</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deaths during protests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassil_Da_Costa" title="Bassil Da Costa">Bassil Da Costa</a></li> <li>Robert Redman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nesis_Carmona" title="Génesis Carmona">Génesis Carmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldin_Moreno" title="Geraldin Moreno">Geraldin Moreno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Kluivert_Roa" title="Murder of Kluivert Roa">Kluivert Roa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Paola_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Killing of Paola Ramírez">Paola Ramírez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Pernalete" title="Juan Pablo Pernalete">Juan Pablo Pernalete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Armando_Ca%C3%B1izales" title="Killing of Armando Cañizales">Armando Cañizales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Miguel_Castillo" title="Killing of Miguel Castillo">Miguel Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Pa%C3%BAl_Moreno" title="Killing of Paúl Moreno">Paúl Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Figuera" title="Orlando Figuera">Orlando Figuera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomar_Lander" title="Neomar Lander">Neomar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Fabi%C3%A1n_Urbina" title="Killing of Fabián Urbina">Fabián Urbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_Vallenilla" title="Killing of David Vallenilla">David Vallenilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Xiomara_Scott" title="Killing of Xiomara Scott">Xiomara Scott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Maduro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ameliach" title="Francisco Ameliach">F. Ameliach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Cabello" title="Diosdado Cabello">D. Cabello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A1n_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Adán Chávez">A. Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tareck_El_Aissami" title="Tareck El Aissami">T. El Aissami</a> <ul><li>arrested in 2024</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Escarr%C3%A1" title="Hermann Escarrá">H. Escarrá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarek_William_Saab" title="Tarek William Saab">T. W. Saab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilia_Flores" title="Cilia Flores">C. Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3bulo_Ist%C3%BAriz" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristóbulo Istúriz">A. Istúriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%C3%ADas_Jaua" title="Elías Jaua">E. Jaua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibisay_Lucena" title="Tibisay Lucena">T. Lucena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Alfonzo" title="Indira Alfonzo">I. Alfonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro_Guerra" title="Nicolás Maduro Guerra">N. Maduro Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Mata_Figueroa" title="Carlos Mata Figueroa">C. Mata Figueroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Mel%C3%A9ndez" title="Carmen Meléndez">C. Meléndez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%ADver_Alcal%C3%A1_Cordones" title="Clíver Alcalá Cordones">C. Alcalá Cordones</a> <ul><li>until 2013</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Ortega_D%C3%ADaz" title="Luisa Ortega Díaz">L. Ortega Díaz</a> <ul><li>until 2017</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Padrino_L%C3%B3pez" title="Vladimir Padrino López">V. Padrino López</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Ram%C3%ADrez_(politician)" title="Rafael Ramírez (politician)">R. Ramírez</a> <ul><li>until 2018</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Parra" title="Luis Parra">L. Parra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Rangel_Silva" title="Henry Rangel Silva">H. Rangel Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delcy_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Delcy Rodríguez">D. Rodríguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(Venezuelan_politician)" title="Jorge Rodríguez (Venezuelan politician)">J. Rodríguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Arreaza" title="Jorge Arreaza">J. Arreaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa%C3%ADas_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Isaías Rodríguez">I. Rodríguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarek_William_Saab" title="Tarek William Saab">T. W. Saab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Varela" title="Iris Varela">I. Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar%C3%ADo_Vivas" title="Darío Vivas">D. Vivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Amoroso" title="Elvis Amoroso">E. Amoroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladimir_Lugo" title="Bladimir Lugo">B. Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cristopher_Figuera" title="Manuel Cristopher Figuera">M. C. Figuera</a> <ul><li>until 2019</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erika_Far%C3%ADas" title="Erika Farías">E. Farías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddy_Bernal" title="Freddy Bernal">F. Bernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Alfonzo" title="Indira Alfonzo">I. Alfonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yv%C3%A1n_Gil" title="Yván Gil">Y. Gil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-Maduro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Alberto_P%C3%A9rez" title="Óscar Alberto Pérez">Óscar Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%ADver_Alcal%C3%A1_Cordones" title="Clíver Alcalá Cordones">C. Alcalá Cordones</a> <ul><li>since 2013</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Borges" title="Julio Borges">J. Borges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Ortega_D%C3%ADaz" title="Luisa Ortega Díaz">L. Ortega Díaz</a> <ul><li>since 2017</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Ram%C3%ADrez_(politician)" title="Rafael Ramírez (politician)">Rafael Ramírez</a> <ul><li>since 2018</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado" title="María Corina Machado">María Corina Machado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrique_Capriles" title="Henrique Capriles">H. Capriles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Falc%C3%B3n" title="Henri Falcón">H. Falcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Adri%C3%A1n" title="Tamara Adrián">Adrián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Arria" title="Diego Arria">Arria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Guillermo_Aveledo" title="Ramón Guillermo Aveledo">Aveledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilber_Caro" title="Gilber Caro">Caro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddy_Guevara" title="Freddy Guevara">F. Guevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ledezma" title="Antonio Ledezma">A. Ledezma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_L%C3%B3pez" title="Leopoldo López">L. López</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosmit_Mantilla" title="Rosmit Mantilla">Mantilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Mendoza" title="Enrique Mendoza">Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_P%C3%A9rez_%C3%81lvarez" title="Pablo Pérez Álvarez">Pérez Álvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_P%C3%A9rez_Vivas" title="César Pérez Vivas">Pérez Vivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ramos_Allup" title="Henry Ramos Allup">Ramos Allup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Requesens" title="Juan Requesens">J. Requesens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafaela_Requesens" title="Rafaela Requesens">R. Requesens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabiana_Rosales" title="Fabiana Rosales">F. Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rosales" title="Manuel Rosales">M. Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrique_Salas_Feo" title="Henrique Salas Feo">H. Salas Feo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicencio_Scarano_Spisso" title="Vicencio Scarano Spisso">V. S. Scarano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Tintori" title="Lilian Tintori">L. Tintori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Torrealba" title="Jesús Torrealba">J. Torrealba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Vel%C3%A1squez" title="Andrés Velásquez">A. Velásquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Silva_Silva" title="José Luis Silva Silva">J. L. Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cristopher_Figuera" title="Manuel Cristopher Figuera">M. C. Figuera</a> <ul><li>since 2019</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delsa_Sol%C3%B3rzano" title="Delsa Solórzano">D. Solórzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Barboza" title="Omar Barboza">O. Barboza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JJ_Rend%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="JJ Rendón">J. J. Rendón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Guanipa" title="Juan Pablo Guanipa">J. P. Guanipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Guanipa" title="Tomás Guanipa">T. Guanipa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Maduro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALBA" title="ALBA">Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas</a></li> <li>Political parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Patriotic_Pole" title="Great Patriotic Pole">Great Patriotic Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Socialist_Party_of_Venezuela" title="United Socialist Party of Venezuela">United Socialist Party of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Social_Democracy" title="For Social Democracy">PODEMOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Electoral_Movement_(Venezuela)" title="People's Electoral Movement (Venezuela)">People's Electoral Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Media outlets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agencia_Venezolana_de_Noticias" title="Agencia Venezolana de Noticias">Agencia Venezolana de Noticias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur">Telesur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">Venezolana de Televisión</a></li></ul></li> <li>State organizations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Tribunal_of_Justice_(Venezuela)" title="Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Venezuela)">Supreme Tribunal of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Electoral_Council_(Venezuela)" title="National Electoral Council (Venezuela)">National Electoral Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Constituent_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Constituent National Assembly">Constituent National Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Intelligence Service">Bolivarian Intelligence Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian National Guard">Bolivarian National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Barrio_Adentro" title="Mission Barrio Adentro">Mission Barrio Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Committees_for_Supply_and_Production" title="Local Committees for Supply and Production">Local Committees for Supply and Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_card" title="Homeland card">Carnet de la Patria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colectivo_(Venezuela)" title="Colectivo (Venezuela)">Colectivos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-Maduro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li>Political parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unity_Roundtable" title="Democratic Unity Roundtable">Democratic Unity Roundtable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Will" title="Popular Will">Popular Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_First" title="Justice First">Justice First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_(Venezuela)" title="Democratic Action (Venezuela)">Democratic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_New_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="A New Era">Un Nuevo Tiempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Come_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Come Venezuela">Come Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copei" title="Copei">Copei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Socialism_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for Socialism (Venezuela)">Movimiento al Socialismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Advance" title="Progressive Advance">Progressive Advance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_for_Change" title="Agreement for Change">Agreement for Change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Venezuela)">National Assembly (majority)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitolio_TV" title="Capitolio TV">Capitolio TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Venezuela" title="Enforced disappearances in Venezuela">Enforced disappearances in Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaire_miners" title="Guaire miners">Guaire miners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Venezuela" title="Human rights in Venezuela">Human rights in Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Venezuela" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Venezuela">International Criminal Court investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinoco_Mining_Arc" title="Orinoco Mining Arc">Orinoco Mining Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrera" title="Perrera">Perrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_prisoners_in_Venezuela" title="Political prisoners in Venezuela">Political prisoners in Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolving_door_effect" title="Revolving door effect">Revolving door effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Venezuela" title="Torture in Venezuela">Torture in Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_(2023_film)" title="Simón (2023 film)">Simón</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution_in_film" title="Bolivarian Revolution in film">Bolivarian Revolution in film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&oldid=1240022131">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narcosobrinos_affair&oldid=1240022131</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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