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Philip Hartog - Wikipedia

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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Philip Hartog</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British chemist and educationalist</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a></div><div class="fn">Philip Joseph Hartog</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">KBE</a></span>&#32;<span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire">CIE</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pjhartog.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pjhartog.JPG/220px-Pjhartog.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pjhartog.JPG/330px-Pjhartog.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pjhartog.JPG/440px-Pjhartog.JPG 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1864-03-02</span>)</span>2 March 1864<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 June 1947<span style="display:none">(1947-06-27)</span> (aged&#160;83)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma&#160;mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Heidelberg">University of Heidelberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">chemist, educationist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Mabel Hélène</div>&#32;<div style="display:inline-block;">&#8203;</div>&#40;<abbr title="married">m.</abbr>&#160;1915&#41;<wbr />&#8203;</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Alfonse Hartog</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A9na_Ars%C3%A8ne_Darmesteter" title="Héléna Arsène Darmesteter">Héléna Arsène Darmesteter</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Edward_Hartog" title="Numa Edward Hartog">Numa Edward Hartog</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Hartog" title="Marcus Hartog">Marcus Hartog</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Philip Joseph Hartog</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">KBE</a></span>&#32;<span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire">CIE</a></span></span> (2 March 1864 – 27 June 1947) was a British chemist and <a href="/wiki/Educationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Educationalist">educationalist</a> who undertook this role in England and India. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Hartog&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hartog was born in London on 2 March 1864,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the third son of Alfonse and <a href="/wiki/Marion_Hartog" title="Marion Hartog">Marion Hartog</a>, and the younger brother of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Hartog" title="Cécile Hartog">Cécile</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A9na_Ars%C3%A8ne_Darmesteter" title="Héléna Arsène Darmesteter">Héléna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Numa_Edward_Hartog" title="Numa Edward Hartog">Numa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Hartog" title="Marcus Hartog">Marcus Hartog</a>. He was educated at <a href="/wiki/University_College_School" title="University College School">University College School</a>, the Universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a>. In 1889 he went to <a href="/wiki/Owens_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Owens College">Owens College</a>, Manchester, as Bishop Berkeley Scholar. He edited a history and description of the college (1900),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and both there and at the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria University (UK)">Victoria University</a> he was an assistant lecturer in chemistry. It seemed at that time that this branch of science would claim him.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Hartog&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Manchester, however, he was being drawn to university administration. He was secretary to the Victoria University Extension Scheme, a member of the Court, and in 1902–03 secretary to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Moseley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Moseley (page does not exist)">Alfred Moseley</a> Commission of Educational Inquiry. In the latter year, he was appointed Academic Registrar to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>, and held that office with great efficiency for 17 years. In 1907 came his influential "Writing of English", attacking the school "essay." An outstanding service to the university, the Empire, and the Eastern world, in general, was his large share in the creation in the middle of the 1914–18 war of the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Oriental_and_African_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Oriental and African Studies">School of Oriental Studies</a>, to which the name "African" was added later. His keen and helpful interest was maintained until his last working days.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hartog was a member of the commission under the late Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sadler_(educationist)" title="Michael Sadler (educationist)">Michael Sadler</a> on <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta University">Calcutta University</a> which was appointed in 1917 and issued a voluminous report in 1919. Far-reaching reforms in most of the Indian universities followed, and <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> was shorn of a part of its vast jurisdiction by the creation in 1920 of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dhaka" title="University of Dhaka">University of Dhaka</a> as a residential teaching foundation and Hartog was made its first vice-chancellor. Both at <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> and later in their Kensington home he had the cooperation of his wife Mabel Hélène, daughter of Mr. H. J. Kisch (they were married in 1915, and three sons ensued).<sup id="cite_ref-obit_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the creation of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Public_Service_Commission&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Public Service Commission (page does not exist)">Indian Public Service Commission</a> in 1926 Hartog was appointed a member and served until permitted to retire on family grounds in 1930. When the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Statutory_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Statutory Commission">Indian Statutory Commission</a> was set up in 1928 under <a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Sir John (later Lord) Simon</a>, Hartog was appointed chairman of the Auxiliary Committee on Education. The report greatly assisted the presentation of facts and conclusions of the main body and is the most authoritative survey of the subject of our time. Hartog received the honours of the Knight Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a> and Companion of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" title="Order of the Indian Empire">Order of the Indian Empire</a> in the year of his retirement in reward for his services.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activism">Activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Hartog&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On settling in London Hartog devoted much time and thought to the place of examinations in the education system. As early as 1911, and again in 1918, he had written treatises on examinations in their bearing on national efficiency and on culture and general efficiency. He was the dominant figure in an inquiry on an international scale undertaken in 1932. This resulted in the issue in 1935 of <i>An Examination of Examinations</i>. In this exposure of haphazard methods and plans for reform, he had the collaboration of Dr. <a href="/wiki/E._C._Rhodes" title="E. C. Rhodes">E. C. Rhodes</a> and also, in a subsequent book, <i>The Marks of Examiners</i>, of Dr. Rhodes and of Mr. <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Burt" title="Cyril Burt">Cyril Burt</a>. Deeply impressed by his experience of the need for systematic education research, he obtained from the <a href="/wiki/Leverhulme_Trust" title="Leverhulme Trust">Leverhulme Trust</a> in 1940 a grant of £2,000 to the University of London <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Education">Institute of Education</a> for this purpose. The organisation thereby set up was renamed in 1945 the <a href="/wiki/National_Foundation_for_Educational_Research" title="National Foundation for Educational Research">National Foundation for Educational Research</a> in England and Wales, and in 1947 it applied for a royal charter. Hartog was also the prime mover in the setting up by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_National_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Labour and National Service">Ministry of Labour and National Service</a> before the outbreak of war in 1939 of a Linguistic Committee of the Appointments Registry, and he was its first chairman. In 1933 Hartog wrote, under the authority of the London Institute of Education his valuable study, "Some Aspects of Indian Education, Past, and Present." He continued his activities well into his ninth decade, and one of the last of his books, "Words in Action," was published in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amid all these labours Hartog was through life a keen helper of his own community. At the end of 1933, he went to Palestine as chairman of the Committee of Inquiry on the organisation of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University</a>, and subsequently, he was president of the Friends in Britain of the university. He did much other work for the Jewish People.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his obituary it states, "Few educationists still working as did in octogenarian years could look back on so varied, strenuous, and fruitful a career as his. He left an enduring mark on educational thought and practice, not only in India but in this county and the Dominions." Sir Philip Hartog, died at a nursing home in London at the age of 83.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Hartog&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Philip_Joseph_Hartog" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Philip Joseph Hartog">Philip Hartog</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <style 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id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=OInTTD5tNaVDpMzioz+TNQ&amp;scan=1">"Index entry"</a>. <i>FreeBMD</i>. ONS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FreeBMD&amp;rft.atitle=Index+entry&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freebmd.org.uk%2Fcgi%2Finformation.pl%3Fcite%3DOInTTD5tNaVDpMzioz%2BTNQ%26scan%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Hartog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartog,_P._J.1900" class="citation book cs1">Hartog, P. J., ed. (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/owenscollegemanc00hartuoft"><i>The Owens College, Manchester&#160;: A brief history of the college and description of its various departments</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Owens+College%2C+Manchester+%3A+A+brief+history+of+the+college+and+description+of+its+various+departments&amp;rft.date=1900&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fowenscollegemanc00hartuoft&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Hartog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obit_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Times/1947/Obituary/Philip_Joseph_Hartog">"Sir Philip Hartog, a Great Educationist (transcription)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. London. 28 June 1947. p.&#160;6; col F<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Sir+Philip+Hartog%2C+a+Great+Educationist+%28transcription%29&amp;rft.pages=6%3B+col+F&amp;rft.date=1947-06-28&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Times%2F1947%2FObituary%2FPhilip_Joseph_Hartog&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Hartog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000084355511">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/24226866">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJv4gxRftDfpwcrxDf3G73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no98131836">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072863269">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90715404">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007290138805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/082831831">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63r2w6j">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐w8xh7 Cached time: 20241123021430 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU 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