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searchaux" style="display:none">English educator, natural historian, philosopher of biology and zoologist</div> <p><b>Marcus Manuel Hartog</b> (19 August 1851, London – 21 January 1924, Paris) was an English educator, natural historian, <a href="/wiki/Philosopher_of_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher of biology">philosopher of biology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoologist</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork, Ireland</a>. He contributed to multiple volumes of the <i>Cambridge Natural History</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Hartog&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hartog was born in London 1851, the second son<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Professor Alphonse Hartog (died 1904) and <a href="/wiki/Marion_Hartog" title="Marion Hartog">Marion</a> (née Moss, 1821–1907), younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Numa_Edward_Hartog" title="Numa Edward Hartog">Numa Edward Hartog</a> and elder brother of Sir <a href="/wiki/Philip_Joseph_Hartog" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Joseph Hartog">Philip Joseph Hartog</a>, Academic Registrar of London University and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Dacca. His two younger sisters were the pianist and composer <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Hartog" title="Cécile Hartog">Cécile Hartog</a> and the portrait painter <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A9na_Ars%C3%A8ne_Darmesteter" title="Héléna Arsène Darmesteter">Héléna Arsène Darmesteter</a>, </p><p>Marcus Hartog was educated at the <a href="/wiki/North_London_Collegiate_School" title="North London Collegiate School">North London Collegiate School</a>, University College, London, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took a first class in the National Science Tripos in 1874, and went out in the same year to Ceylon as assistant to the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens — a post that he held for three years. On his return he became a demonstrator, and afterwards a lecturer in natural history at Owens College, Manchester. In 1882 he began an association of more than 40 years with the educational life of Cork. For 27 years he was Professor of Natural History at <a href="/wiki/University_College,_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="University College, Cork">Queen's College, Cork</a> (1882–1907), and in 1909 proceeded to the chair of Zoology in what had become University College Cork. When in 1921 he vacated the appointment, he was made Emeritus Professor. </p><p>Hartog was a <a href="/wiki/Lamarckism" title="Lamarckism">Lamarckian</a>. He argued for the inheritance of acquired characteristics and identified as a <a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">vitalist</a>. He supported the <a href="/wiki/Non-Darwinian_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Darwinian evolution">non-Darwinian</a> evolutionary ideas of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Butler_(novelist)" title="Samuel Butler (novelist)">Samuel Butler</a> and wrote a supportive introduction to his book <i>Unconscious Memory</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McClung_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClung-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He argued that <a href="/wiki/Cell_division" title="Cell division">cell division</a> occurs due to a new force he termed "mitokinetism".<sup id="cite_ref-McClung_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClung-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hartog died in Paris on 21 January 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Hartog&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hartog contributed articles to the <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, as well as writing many articles for scientific journals. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b21965675"><i>Problems of Life and Reproduction</i></a> (1913)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02289946"><i>The True Mechanism of Mitosis</i></a> (1914)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Hartog&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1874 in Paris, France, Hartog married Blanche Levy, daughter of R. Levy, of Paris, and had issue.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1213917922">.mw-parser-output .botanist-bordered{border:0 solid #ddd;border-width:2px 0;padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .botanist .nickname{font-weight:bold}</style><div class="metadata botanist-bordered"><span class="botanist">The standard <a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(A)" title="List of botanists by author abbreviation (A)">author abbreviation</a> <span class="vcard"><span class="fn n"><span class="nickname">M.M.Hartog</span></span></span> is used to indicate this person as the author when <a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">citing</a> a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">botanical name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Hartog&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Marcus_Manuel_Hartog" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Marcus Manuel Hartog">Marcus Hartog</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">England 1861 census Class: RG9; Piece: 136; Folio: 2; Page: 2; GSU roll: 542579.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anonymous. (1913). <i>Review: Vitalism And Reproduction. Reviewed Work: Problems Of Life And Reproduction by Marcus Hartog</i>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_BMJ" title="The BMJ">The British Medical Journal</a></i> 2 (2754): 942-943.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shelton, H. S. (1913). Reviewed Work: Problems of Life and Reproduction by Marcus Hartog. Science Progress in the Twentieth Century (1906-1916) 8 (29): 170-172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McClung-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McClung_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McClung_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Erwin_McClung" title="Clarence Erwin McClung">McClung, C. E</a>. (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1639664"><i>Reviewed Work: Problems of Life and Reproduction by Marcus Hartog</i></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> 38 (984): 666-668.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Times/1924/Obituary/Marcus Hartog"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Times/1924/Obituary/Marcus_Hartog">"Death Of Professor Marcus Hartog (transcription)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. No. 43560. London. 28 January 1924. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Death+Of+Professor+Marcus+Hartog+%28transcription%29&rft.issue=43560&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1924-01-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarcus+Hartog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACADHRTG870MM" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=HRTG870MM&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Hartog, Marcus Manuel (HRTG870MM)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hartog%2C+Marcus+Manuel+%28HRTG870MM%29&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DHRTG870MM%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarcus+Hartog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Plant_Names_Index" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=M.M.Hartog"><i> M.M.Hartog</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=+M.M.Hartog&rft.au=International+Plant+Names+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fipni%2FadvAuthorSearch.do%3Ffind_abbreviation%3DM.M.Hartog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarcus+Hartog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Hartog&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Hartog%2C%20Marcus%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Marcus%20Hartog%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hartog%2C%20Marcus%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Marcus%20Hartog%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hartog%2C%20M%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Marcus%20Hartog%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Hartog%2C%20Marcus%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Marcus%20Hartog%22%29%20OR%20%28%221851-1924%22%20AND%20Hartog%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Marcus Hartog</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6758216#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6758216#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/105818755">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hartog, Marcus, 1851-1924"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n90600099">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35464410">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p141702761">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000173044&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007278812505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06140501?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=M.M.Hartog">International Plant Names Index</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/962433">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd105818755.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/117809373">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6z18xhs">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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