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id="toc-Romanesque_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gothic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gothic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Gothic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gothic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Клеристория – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клеристория" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claristori" title="Claristori – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Claristori" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilik%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_okno" title="Bazilikální okno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bazilikální okno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obergaden" title="Obergaden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Obergaden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valgmik_(kirikuarhitektuur)" title="Valgmik (kirikuarhitektuur) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valgmik (kirikuarhitektuur)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claristorio" title="Claristorio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Claristorio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenestrozono" title="Fenestrozono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fenestrozono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klerestorio" title="Klerestorio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klerestorio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%81%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ردیف‌پنجره فوقانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ردیف‌پنجره فوقانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire-voie_(architecture)" title="Claire-voie (architecture) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Claire-voie (architecture)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljochtbeuk" title="Ljochtbeuk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ljochtbeuk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrbhalla_fuinneogach" title="Barrbhalla fuinneogach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Barrbhalla fuinneogach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenggek_cahaya" title="Lenggek cahaya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lenggek cahaya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleristorio" title="Cleristorio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cleristorio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1dorfal" title="Gádorfal – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gádorfal" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtbeuk" title="Lichtbeuk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lichtbeuk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AA%93" title="高窓 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="高窓" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klerestorium" title="Klerestorium – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klerestorium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerestorium" title="Clerestorium – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Clerestorium" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerest%C3%B3rio" title="Clerestório – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Clerestório" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleristoriu" title="Cleristoriu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cleristoriu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Клеристорий – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клеристорий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlobno_nadstropje" title="Svetlobno nadstropje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svetlobno nadstropje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klerestorio" title="Klerestorio – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Klerestorio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klerestorium" title="Klerestorium – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klerestorium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87" title="ช่องรับแสง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ช่องรับแสง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cst_pencere" title="Üst pencere – Turkish" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Windows in wall above eye level</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Clearstory" redirects here. For the British news organisation, see <a href="/wiki/ClearStory" title="ClearStory">ClearStory</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clerestory_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Clerestory_diagram.png/170px-Clerestory_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Clerestory_diagram.png/255px-Clerestory_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Clerestory_diagram.png/340px-Clerestory_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="1393" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption>Interior elevation of a <a href="/wiki/Gothic_cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic cathedral">Gothic cathedral</a>, with clerestory highlighted</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stralsund,_st_Nikolai_(2007-01-24)_d.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Stralsund%2C_st_Nikolai_%282007-01-24%29_d.JPG/250px-Stralsund%2C_st_Nikolai_%282007-01-24%29_d.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Stralsund%2C_st_Nikolai_%282007-01-24%29_d.JPG/330px-Stralsund%2C_st_Nikolai_%282007-01-24%29_d.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Stralsund%2C_st_Nikolai_%282007-01-24%29_d.JPG/500px-Stralsund%2C_st_Nikolai_%282007-01-24%29_d.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The church of <a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas%27_Church_(Stralsund)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nicholas' Church (Stralsund)">St Nicholas, Stralsund</a> in Germany –the clerestory is the level between the two green roofs, reinforced here by <a href="/wiki/Flying_buttress" title="Flying buttress">flying buttresses</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>clerestory</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KLEER</span>-stor-ee</i></a>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">clear storey</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, also <b>clearstory</b>, <b>clearstorey</b>, or <b>overstorey</b>; from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <i>cler estor</i>) is a high section of wall that contains <a href="/wiki/Window" title="Window">windows</a> above eye-level. Its purpose is to admit light, fresh air, or both. </p><p>Historically, a <i>clerestory</i> formed an upper level of a Roman <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> or of the <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">church</a>, the walls of which rise above the rooflines of the lower <a href="/wiki/Aisle" title="Aisle">aisles</a> and which are pierced with windows. </p><p>In addition to <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="#Transportation">clerestories</a> have been used in transportation vehicles such as buses and trains to provide additional lighting, ventilation, or headroom. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerestory&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monreale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Monreale.jpg/220px-Monreale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Monreale.jpg/330px-Monreale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Monreale.jpg/440px-Monreale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The walls of the clerestory of the <a href="/wiki/Basilica#Christian_adoption_of_the_basilica_form" title="Basilica">basilica-shaped</a> <a href="/wiki/Monreale_Cathedral" title="Monreale Cathedral">Cathedral of Monreale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, covered with <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_world">Ancient world</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerestory&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clerestories appear to originate in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Egyptian temples</a>, where the lighting of the hall of columns was obtained over the stone roofs of the adjoining aisles, through gaps left in the vertical slabs of stone. They appeared in Egypt at least as early as the <a href="/wiki/Amarna_Period" title="Amarna Period">Amarna Period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Minoan_palaces" title="Minoan palaces">Minoan palaces</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a> employed <a href="/wiki/Lightwell" title="Lightwell">lightwells</a> in addition to clerestories.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a> featured clerestory windows made possible by the use of a tall, angled roof and a central <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ridgepole" class="extiw" title="wikt:ridgepole">ridgepole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The clerestory was used in the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art#Architecture" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic architecture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>. The Romans applied clerestories to <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilicas</a> of justice and to the basilica-like <a href="/wiki/Thermae" title="Thermae">thermae</a> and palaces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Christian_and_Byzantine_basilicas">Early Christian and Byzantine basilicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerestory&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early Christian and Byzantine basilicas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christian</a> churches and some Byzantine churches, particularly in Italy, are based closely on the Roman basilica, and maintained the form of a central <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a> flanked by lower aisles on each side. The nave and aisles are separated by columns or piers, above which rises a wall pierced by clerestory windows. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malmesbury.abbey.clerestory.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Malmesbury.abbey.clerestory.arp.jpg/170px-Malmesbury.abbey.clerestory.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Malmesbury.abbey.clerestory.arp.jpg/255px-Malmesbury.abbey.clerestory.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Malmesbury.abbey.clerestory.arp.jpg/340px-Malmesbury.abbey.clerestory.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1433" data-file-height="1947" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malmesbury_Abbey" title="Malmesbury Abbey">Malmesbury Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. The nave wall is divided into three stages: the upper stage with windows is the clerestory, beneath it is the triforium, and the lowest stage is the arcade.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanesque_period">Romanesque period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerestory&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Romanesque period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> period, many churches of the basilica form were constructed all over Europe. Many of these churches have wooden roofs with clerestories below them. Some Romanesque churches have <a href="/wiki/Barrel-vaulted" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrel-vaulted">barrel-vaulted</a> ceilings with no clerestory. The development of the <a href="/wiki/Groin_vault" title="Groin vault">groin vault</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ribbed_vault" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribbed vault">ribbed vault</a> made possible the insertion of clerestory windows. </p><p>Initially the nave of a large aisled and clerestoried church was of two levels: <a href="/wiki/Arcade_(architecture)" title="Arcade (architecture)">arcade</a> and clerestory. During the Romanesque period, a third level was inserted between them, a gallery called the "<a href="/wiki/Triforium" title="Triforium">triforium</a>". The triforium generally opens into space beneath the sloping roof of the aisle. This became a standard feature of later Romanesque and Gothic large abbey and cathedral churches. Sometimes another gallery set into the wall space above the triforium and below the clerestory. This feature is found in some late Romanesque and early Gothic buildings in France. </p><p>The oldest glass clerestory windows still in place are from the late eleventh century, found in <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Cathedral" title="Augsburg Cathedral">Augsburg Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gothic_period">Gothic period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerestory&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gothic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedrale_d%27Amiens_-_Grandes_verrieres_et_voutes_de_la_nef.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cathedrale_d%27Amiens_-_Grandes_verrieres_et_voutes_de_la_nef.jpg/220px-Cathedrale_d%27Amiens_-_Grandes_verrieres_et_voutes_de_la_nef.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cathedrale_d%27Amiens_-_Grandes_verrieres_et_voutes_de_la_nef.jpg/330px-Cathedrale_d%27Amiens_-_Grandes_verrieres_et_voutes_de_la_nef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cathedrale_d%27Amiens_-_Grandes_verrieres_et_voutes_de_la_nef.jpg/440px-Cathedrale_d%27Amiens_-_Grandes_verrieres_et_voutes_de_la_nef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>The clerestory of <a href="/wiki/Amiens_Cathedral" title="Amiens Cathedral">Amiens Cathedral</a> in northern France</figcaption></figure> <p>In smaller churches, clerestory windows may be <a href="/wiki/Trefoil" title="Trefoil">trefoils</a> or <a href="/wiki/Quatrefoil" title="Quatrefoil">quatrefoils</a>. In some Italian churches they are <a href="/wiki/Rose_Window#Oculi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Window">ocular</a>. In most large churches, they are an important feature, both for beauty and for utility. The <a href="/wiki/Ribbed_vault" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribbed vault">ribbed vaulting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flying_buttress" title="Flying buttress">flying buttresses</a> of Gothic architecture concentrated the weight and thrust of the roof, freeing wall-space for larger clerestory <a href="/wiki/Fenestration_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenestration (architecture)">fenestration</a>. Generally, in Gothic masterpieces, the clerestory is divided into <a href="/wiki/Bay_(architecture)" title="Bay (architecture)">bays</a> by the vaulting shafts that continue the same tall columns that form the arcade separating the aisles from the nave. </p><p>The tendency from the early Romanesque period to the late Gothic period was for the clerestory level to become progressively taller and the size of the windows to get proportionally larger in relation to wall surface, emerging in works such as the Gothic architecture of <a href="/wiki/Amiens_Cathedral" title="Amiens Cathedral">Amiens Cathedral</a> or <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, where their clerestories account for nearly a third of the height of the interior.<sup id="cite_ref-Simpson1922_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simpson1922-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Today">Today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerestory&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:874Rizal_Cainta_Roads_Buildings_Landmarks_29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/874Rizal_Cainta_Roads_Buildings_Landmarks_29.jpg/330px-874Rizal_Cainta_Roads_Buildings_Landmarks_29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="387" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/874Rizal_Cainta_Roads_Buildings_Landmarks_29.jpg/500px-874Rizal_Cainta_Roads_Buildings_Landmarks_29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/874Rizal_Cainta_Roads_Buildings_Landmarks_29.jpg/960px-874Rizal_Cainta_Roads_Buildings_Landmarks_29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Modern clerestories of Holy Trinity Parish Church in <a href="/wiki/Cainta,_Rizal" class="mw-redirect" title="Cainta, Rizal">Cainta, Rizal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Modern clerestories often are defined as vertical windows, located on high walls, extending up from the roofline, designed to allow light and breezes into a space, without compromising privacy. Factory buildings often are built with clerestory windows; modern housing designs sometimes include them as well. </p><p>Modern clerestory windows may have another especially important role, besides <a href="/wiki/Daylighting_(architecture)" title="Daylighting (architecture)">daylighting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_ventilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural ventilation">ventilation</a>: they can be part of <a href="/wiki/Passive_solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Passive solar">passive solar</a> strategies, in very energy-efficient buildings (<a href="/wiki/Passive_house" title="Passive house">passive houses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zero-energy_building" title="Zero-energy building">zero-energy buildings</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To that end, clerestories are used in conjunction with stone, brick, concrete, and other high-mass walls and floors, properly positioned to store <a href="/wiki/Solar_heat_gain" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar heat gain">solar heat gains</a> during the hotter parts of the day – allowing the walls and the floor to act as a heat bank during the cooler parts of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clerestories – in passive solar strategies – should be properly located (typically in the sunny side of the building) and protected from the summer's sun by rooflines, <a href="/wiki/Overhang_(architecture)" title="Overhang (architecture)">overhangs</a>, recessed thick walls, or other architectural elements, in order to prevent overheating during the cooling season. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Clerestory_(transport)"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_transportation">In transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerestory&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg/220px-Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg/330px-Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg/440px-Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barney_and_Smith_Car_Company" title="Barney and Smith Car Company">Barney and Smith Car Company</a> clerestory-roofed passenger cars at the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Continent_Railway_Museum" title="Mid-Continent Railway Museum">Mid-Continent Railway Museum</a>. As in these examples, later clerestory roofs ended in a bullnose.<span class="anchor" id="bullnose"></span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clerestory_roof_interior,_Type_B_tram_car_no_42,_Tramway_Museum_St_Kilda,_South_Australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Clerestory_roof_interior%2C_Type_B_tram_car_no_42%2C_Tramway_Museum_St_Kilda%2C_South_Australia.jpg/220px-Clerestory_roof_interior%2C_Type_B_tram_car_no_42%2C_Tramway_Museum_St_Kilda%2C_South_Australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Clerestory_roof_interior%2C_Type_B_tram_car_no_42%2C_Tramway_Museum_St_Kilda%2C_South_Australia.jpg/330px-Clerestory_roof_interior%2C_Type_B_tram_car_no_42%2C_Tramway_Museum_St_Kilda%2C_South_Australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Clerestory_roof_interior%2C_Type_B_tram_car_no_42%2C_Tramway_Museum_St_Kilda%2C_South_Australia.jpg/440px-Clerestory_roof_interior%2C_Type_B_tram_car_no_42%2C_Tramway_Museum_St_Kilda%2C_South_Australia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1277" data-file-height="977" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the clerestory roof of a 1908-vintage tram at the <a href="/wiki/Tramway_Museum,_St_Kilda" title="Tramway Museum, St Kilda">Tramway Museum, St Kilda, South Australia</a>, showing how it provides improved light and ventilation</figcaption></figure> <p>Clerestory roofs were incorporated into the designs of many <a href="/wiki/Passenger_car_(rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger car (rail)">railway passenger cars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a> <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth English">Commonwealth English</a>) / streetcars (<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> & <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a>) from about 1860<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They increased the daylight and ventilation available to passengers. </p><p>In the US, the railroad clerestory roof was also known as the "lantern roof". </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Pullman_(car_or_coach)" title="Pullman (car or coach)">Pullman coaches</a> in the UK had clerestory roofs. They were imported from the US and assembled at Derby, where Pullman set up an assembly plant in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Railway" title="Midland Railway">Midland Railway</a>, a predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/London_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="London Midland and Scottish Railway">London Midland and Scottish Railway</a> (LMS). The first coach, a sleeping car named "Midland", was assembled and ready for trial-running in January 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last clerestory-roofed trains on the <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> were the <a href="/wiki/London_Underground_Q_Stock" title="London Underground Q Stock">'Q' stock</a>, which were withdrawn from operation in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clerestories were also used in early British <a href="/wiki/Double-decker_bus" title="Double-decker bus">double-decker buses</a>, giving better <a href="/wiki/Ventilation_(architecture)" title="Ventilation (architecture)">ventilation</a> and headroom in the centre corridor, as well as better <a href="/wiki/Illumination_(lighting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Illumination (lighting)">illumination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_2" title="Volkswagen Type 2">Volkswagen Type 2</a> Kombi, or Transport, commonly called the Microbus, came in a deluxe version with clerestory windows. VW made the Samba from 1961 to 1967 in several versions, which had as many as 23 windows, and it is highly prized by collectors. </p><p>In the UK, the style is also known as "mollycroft roof", especially in <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romany</a> caravans, such as <a href="/wiki/Vardo_(Romani_wagon)" title="Vardo (Romani wagon)">vardos</a>, and other caravans. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerestory&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daylighting_(architecture)" title="Daylighting (architecture)">Passive daylighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_window" title="Roof window">Roof window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4teritak" class="mw-redirect" title="Säteritak">Säteritak</a>, a Swedish roof style with a strip of clerestory-type of windows halfway up a hip roof</li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerestory&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gwendolyn Leick and Francis J. Kirk, <i>A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Architecture</i>, 1988, Routledge, 261 pages <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-00240-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-00240-0">0-415-00240-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Michael Hogan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/10854/knossos.html#fieldnotes"><i>Knossos fieldnotes</i>, Modern Antiquarian (2007)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palmer2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palmer2008_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2008" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Allison Lee (11 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FHR9sHRfQ_0C&pg=PA267"><i>Historical Dictionary of Architecture</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6283-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6283-8"><bdi>978-0-8108-6283-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Architecture&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6283-8&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Allison+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFHR9sHRfQ_0C%26pg%3DPA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerestory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simpson1922-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Simpson1922_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimpson1922" class="citation book cs1">Simpson, Frederick Moore (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8MFCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA273"><i>History of Architectural Development</i></a>. Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 273.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Architectural+Development&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Company&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Frederick+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8MFCAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerestory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/green-basics/siting-sun-passive-heating-and-daylighting">"Siting with the Sun: Passive Heating and Daylighting"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711225445/http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/green-basics/siting-sun-passive-heating-and-daylighting">Archived</a> 11 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. GreenBuildingAdvisor.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.house-energy.com/Windows/Clerestory.html">"Clerestory Windows: Advantages and Downsides"</a>. House-energy.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHankey2011" class="citation web cs1">Hankey, John P. (21 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trains.com/trn/railroads/history/civil-war-rails/">"Remembering Civil War rails"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Trains_(magazine)" title="Trains (magazine)">Trains</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Kalmbach_Media" title="Kalmbach Media">Kalmbach Media</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trains&rft.atitle=Remembering+Civil+War+rails&rft.date=2011-01-21&rft.aulast=Hankey&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trains.com%2Ftrn%2Frailroads%2Fhistory%2Fcivil-war-rails%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerestory" class="Z3988"></span><span class="nowrap">  </span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Free registration required"><img alt="Free registration required" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/20px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span> <code>registration</code>: a free registration is required to access the source.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarter2005" class="citation cs2">Harter, Jim (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ESnBiR7vLPQC"><i>World railways of the nineteenth century: a pictorial history in Victorian engravings</i></a>, Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 248, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801880896" title="Special:BookSources/9780801880896"><bdi>9780801880896</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+railways+of+the+nineteenth+century%3A+a+pictorial+history+in+Victorian+engravings&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780801880896&rft.aulast=Harter&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DESnBiR7vLPQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerestory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKichenside1964" class="citation cs2">Kichenside, G.M. (1964), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-nEEAAAAMAAJ"><i>Railway carriages, 1839-1939</i></a>, Ian Allan, Clerestory Roofs, p.12</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railway+carriages%2C+1839-1939&rft.pages=Clerestory+Roofs%2C+p.12&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Kichenside&rft.aufirst=G.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-nEEAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerestory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRadford1984" class="citation book cs1">Radford, J B (1984). <i>The American Cars of the Midland Railway</i>. London: Ian Allan. p. 15 etc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-1387-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-1387-X"><bdi>0-7110-1387-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Cars+of+the+Midland+Railway&rft.place=London&rft.pages=15+etc.&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-7110-1387-X&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=J+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerestory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/robertcwp/7148066675/in/photostream/lightbox/">"RW Carroll Collection"</a>. <i>Flickr</i>. 6 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flickr&rft.atitle=RW+Carroll+Collection&rft.date=2012-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Frobertcwp%2F7148066675%2Fin%2Fphotostream%2Flightbox%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerestory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlapper1984" class="citation cs2">Klapper, Charles F. (1984) [1978], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9_U9AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Golden Age of Buses</i></a>, Routledge, p. 16, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780710202321" title="Special:BookSources/9780710202321"><bdi>9780710202321</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Age+of+Buses&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780710202321&rft.aulast=Klapper&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9_U9AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerestory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerestory&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Clerestories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Clerestories">Clerestories</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/groups/2031425@N22/">Clerestory coach (railway) images</a> – nineteenth-century examples from more than 20 countries</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steekdak.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross-gabled roof"><img alt="Cross-gabled roof" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Steekdak.PNG/50px-Steekdak.PNG" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Steekdak.PNG/75px-Steekdak.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Steekdak.PNG/100px-Steekdak.PNG 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roof elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">Air conditioning unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic" title="Attic">Attic</a></li> <li><a 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