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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Travelogue written in Malayalam in 1790s</div> <p> <i><b>Varthamanappusthakam</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> travelogue written by <a href="/wiki/Paremmakkal_Thoma_Kathanar" title="Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar">Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Nasrani Mappila</a> <a href="/wiki/Kathanar" title="Kathanar">kathanar</a> of the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Church" title="Syro-Malabar Church">Syro-Malabar Church</a>. It is the first ever travelogue written in an <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Indian Language</a>. It was written in the 18th century (1790)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but then forgotten, being re-discovered in 1935 and first printed in 1936 by Luka Mathai Plathottam at Athirampuzha St Marys Press in the year 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Varthamanappusthakam</i> postulates that the foundation of Indian nationalism rests on the basic principle that India should achieve civic self-rule. Long before the debates on nationalism shaking the intellectual circles of Europe, Asia, and Africa, Thoma Kathanar offers a distinctive positionality as a minority Syriac Christian priest and subsequent administrator of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cranganore" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cranganore">Syriac Catholic Archeparchy of Kodungalloor</a> with transnational ties to Portuguese ecclesiology who nevertheless argues in favor of autonomous Indian civic governance.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It gives the history of a journey undertaken by the author along with <a href="/wiki/Mar_Joseph_Kariattil" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Joseph Kariattil">Mar Joseph Kariattil</a> from <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> (modern day <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>) to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> via <a href="/wiki/History_of_Lisbon#18th_century" title="History of Lisbon">Lisbon</a> and back.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manuscript of the book is kept at the St Thomas Christian Museum in <a href="/wiki/Kochi,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochi, India">Kochi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The history of travelogues in Malayalam is short but exciting and absorbing. The first work in the genre <i>Varthamanappusthakam</i> was written by P. Thoma Kathanar (1736–99) in the latter part of the eighteenth century but its existence was totally forgotten by later generations. It was discovered in 1935 and was printed next year. Sankaran Namboothiri informs that Kathanar accompanied K. Yausep Malpan in his journey from Parur to Rome. They went by foot up to Madras from where they sailed. They took along route via Cape of Good Hope, South America and Lisbon. The voyage lasted nearly eight years." It is-certainly one of the most valuable travel accounts available in any Indian language.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The historic journey to Rome to represent the grievances of Kerala's Syrian Catholics started from the boat jetty in <a href="/wiki/Athirampuzha" title="Athirampuzha">Athirampuzha</a> at Poothathil Ittikuruvilla Tharakan’s home (a <a href="/wiki/Knanaya" title="Knanaya">Knanaya</a> tax-collector who greatly funded the mission) in 1785. From <a href="/wiki/Athirampuzha" title="Athirampuzha">Athirampuzha</a> they first proceeded to <a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam" title="Kayamkulam">Kayamkulam</a> by a country-boat. The journey then took them to Chinnapattanam, as <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> was then known. From there they went to <a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> of today). From <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a> they sailed to <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a> at the tip of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. They were to sail to <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> from there but adverse winds drifted their ship in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> taking it to the coast of <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>. A further journey from the Latin American coast took them to their destination.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The journey to the destination took more than a year. While they were in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_Joseph_Kariattil" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Joseph Kariattil">Mar Joseph Kariattil</a> was ordained in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kodungalloor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodungalloor">Kodungalloor</a> <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese">Archdiocese</a> - the first native Indian to get this appointment. The two representatives of the Kerala Catholic Church succeeded in convincing the church authorities in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> about the problems in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> Church. On their way back home they stayed in <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> where Mar Kariattil died. Upon realizing that his end was near, Mar Kariattil appointed Thoma Kathanar as the <i>Governador</i> (governor) of <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Cranganore</a> <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese">Archdiocese</a> after him,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and handed over the cross, chain and ring, the tokens of his power, which had been presented to him by the Portuguese queen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varthamanappusthakam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/literaryadition.htm">Literary Tradition</a>. keralahistory.ac.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100801012522/http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/literaryadition.htm">Archived</a> 2010-08-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. www.keralahistory.ac.in. Retrieved on 2013-07-28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.keralatourism.org/christianity/varthamana-pusthakam/40">"Varthamana Pusthakam"</a>. <i>keralatourism.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=keralatourism.org&rft.atitle=Varthamana+Pusthakam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.keralatourism.org%2Fchristianity%2Fvarthamana-pusthakam%2F40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarthamanappusthakam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon2008" class="citation book cs1">Menon, A. Sreedhara (2008). <i>The legacy of Kerala</i> (1st DCB ed.). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nasrani.net/2010/08/23/the-varthamanappusthakam-cathanar-paremmakkal/">the original</a> on 27 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Varthamanappusthakam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnasrani.net%2F2010%2F08%2F23%2Fthe-varthamanappusthakam-cathanar-paremmakkal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarthamanappusthakam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enchantingkerala.org/kerala-monuments/arnose-padiri-house.php">Kottyam</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20071029115805/http://www.smcim.org/liturgical_researcch3.htm">"Museum"</a>. The Syro-Malabar Church. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smcim.org/liturgical_researcch3.htm">the original</a> on 29 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum&rft.pub=The+Syro-Malabar+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smcim.org%2Fliturgical_researcch3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarthamanappusthakam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBag2022" class="citation web cs1">Bag, Ahana (18 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://madrascourier.com/books-and-films/varthamanappusthakam-more-than-the-first-travelogue/">"Varthamanappusthakam: More Than The First Travelogue"</a>. <i>madrascourier.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=madrascourier.com&rft.atitle=Varthamanappusthakam%3A+More+Than+The+First+Travelogue&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.aulast=Bag&rft.aufirst=Ahana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmadrascourier.com%2Fbooks-and-films%2Fvarthamanappusthakam-more-than-the-first-travelogue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarthamanappusthakam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sisir_Kumar_Das" title="Sisir Kumar Das">Das, Sisir Kumar</a>. <i>History of Indian Literature: 1911–1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy</i>. p. 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788172017989" title="Special:BookSources/9788172017989"><bdi>9788172017989</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Indian+Literature%3A+1911%E2%80%931956%2C+struggle+for+freedom+%3A+triumph+and+tragedy&rft.pages=253&rft.isbn=9788172017989&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Sisir+Kumar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarthamanappusthakam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onmanorama.com/lifestyle/keralaspora/2020/01/11/keralite-priest-wrote-indias-first-modern-travelogue.html">"When a Keralite priest wrote India's first modern international travelogue"</a>. <i>OnManorama</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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<li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Indian Pentecostal Church of God">Indian Pentecostal Church of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Brethren" title="Kerala Brethren">Kerala Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Independent Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">The Salvation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church_of_India" title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India">St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Church" title="Syro-Malabar Church">Syro-Malabar Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png/120px-India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png/180px-India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png/240px-India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Retreat_Centre,_Muringoor" title="Divine Retreat Centre, Muringoor">Divine Retreat Centre, Muringoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Retreat_Center" title="Jerusalem Retreat Center">Jerusalem Retreat Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Catholic_Bishops%27_Council" title="Kerala Catholic Bishops' Council">Kerala Catholic Bishops' Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parumala_Seminary" title="Parumala Seminary">Parumala Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potta_Ashram" title="Potta Ashram">Potta Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikkunnathu_Seminary" title="Thrikkunnathu Seminary">Thrikkunnathu Seminary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Catholic_Union" title="All India Catholic Union">All India Catholic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angamaly_police_firing" title="Angamaly police firing">Angamaly police firing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Ernst_Hanxleden" title="Johann Ernst Hanxleden">Arnos Pathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bailey_(missionary)" title="Benjamin Bailey (missionary)">Benjamin Bailey (missionary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Malayalam" title="Bible translations into Malayalam">Bible translations into Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites_of_Mary_Immaculate" title="Carmelites of Mary Immaculate">Carmelites of Mary Immaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Saint_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux">Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Gundert" title="Hermann Gundert">Hermann Gundert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara-Persian_ecclesiastical_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara-Persian ecclesiastical relations">Malankara-Persian ecclesiastical relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maramon_Convention" title="Maramon Convention">Maramon Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism_in_Kerala" title="Pentecostalism in Kerala">Pentecostalism in Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Abhaya_murder_case" title="Sister Abhaya murder case">Sister Abhaya murder case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Destitute" title="Sisters of the Destitute">Sisters of the Destitute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Diamper" title="Synod of Diamper">Synod of Diamper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_churches_of_Kerala" title="Syrian churches of Kerala">Syrian churches of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Syrian Malabar Nasrani</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Varthamanappusthakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranam_Grandhavari" title="Niranam Grandhavari">Niranam Grandhavari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" 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