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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Education and military career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_military_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Space career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_steps_(2006–2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_steps_(2006–2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Initial steps (2006–2008)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_steps_(2006–2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_of_40th_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_40th_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Member of 40th Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_40th_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-41st_Parliament_and_leadership_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#41st_Parliament_and_leadership_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>41st Parliament and leadership campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-41st_Parliament_and_leadership_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Transport_in_the_42nd_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Transport_in_the_42nd_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Minister of Transport in the 42nd Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Transport_in_the_42nd_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_in_the_43rd_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_in_the_43rd_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Minister of Foreign Affairs in the 43rd Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_in_the_43rd_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_of_44th_Parliament_and_retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_44th_Parliament_and_retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Member of 44th Parliament and retirement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_44th_Parliament_and_retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Honorary degrees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Electoral record</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88" title="مارك غارنو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مارك غارنو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Марк Гарно – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Марк Гарно" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88" title="مارک گارنو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارک گارنو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95" title="מארק גרנאו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מארק גרנאו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88" title="مارك جارنو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارك جارنو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Гарно, Марк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гарно, Марк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%86" title="مارک گارنۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مارک گارنۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Marc Garneau" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Марк Гарно – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Марк Гарно" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E8%AB%BE" title="馬克·加諾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬克·加諾" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian astronaut and politician (born 1949)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Marc Garneau</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">CC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">CD</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Marc_Garneau_-_2018_(42748534304)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Marc_Garneau_-_2018_%2842748534304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Marc_Garneau_-_2018_%2842748534304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Marc_Garneau_-_2018_%2842748534304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Marc_Garneau_-_2018_%2842748534304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Marc_Garneau_-_2018_%2842748534304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Marc_Garneau_-_2018_%2842748534304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="1402" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Garneau in 2018</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 12, 2021 – October 26, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">François-Philippe Champagne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Mélanie Joly</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Transport_(Canada)" title="Minister of Transport (Canada)">Minister of Transport</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 4, 2015 – January 12, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Raitt" title="Lisa Raitt">Lisa Raitt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Omar_Alghabra" title="Omar Alghabra">Omar Alghabra</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount">Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Westmount%E2%80%94Ville-Marie" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount—Ville-Marie">Westmount—Ville-Marie</a>; 2008–2015)</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 14, 2008 – March 8, 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Lucienne Robillard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Gainey" title="Anna Gainey">Anna Gainey</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Canadian_Space_Agency" title="President of the Canadian Space Agency">President of the Canadian Space Agency</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 22, 2001 – April 12, 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chretien" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Chretien">Jean Chretien</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">William MacDonald Evans</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laurier_J._Boisvert" title="Laurier J. Boisvert">Laurier J. Boisvert</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Joseph Jean-Pierre Marc Garneau</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1949-02-23</span>) </span>February 23, 1949<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 75)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_College" title="Canadian Forces College">Canadian Forces College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marcgarneau.ca">Official website</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Maritime Command</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1974–1989</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(Canadian_naval_rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (Canadian naval rank)">Captain(N)</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Space career</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header role"><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (Canada)">National Research Council</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a><br /><a href="/wiki/NASA_astronaut" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA astronaut">NASA astronaut</a></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time in space</div></th><td class="infobox-data">29d 2h 1min</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Selection</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection#1983" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">NRC Group (1983)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_14" title="NASA Astronaut Group 14">NASA Group 14 (1992)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Missions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/STS-41-G" title="STS-41-G">STS-41-G</a><br /><a href="/wiki/STS-77" title="STS-77">STS-77</a><br /><a href="/wiki/STS-97" title="STS-97">STS-97</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mission insignia</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-41-G_patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/STS-41-G_patch.png/50px-STS-41-G_patch.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/STS-41-G_patch.png/75px-STS-41-G_patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/STS-41-G_patch.png/100px-STS-41-G_patch.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="732" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-77_patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/STS-77_patch.svg/50px-STS-77_patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/STS-77_patch.svg/75px-STS-77_patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/STS-77_patch.svg/100px-STS-77_patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2180" data-file-height="2180" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-97-patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sts-97-patch.svg/50px-Sts-97-patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sts-97-patch.svg/75px-Sts-97-patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sts-97-patch.svg/100px-Sts-97-patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Joseph Jean-Pierre Marc Garneau</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">CC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">CD</a></span></span> (born February 23, 1949) is a retired Canadian <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a>, retired <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> officer and former <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a> who served as a Cabinet minister from 2015 to 2021. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a>, Garneau was the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">minister of foreign affairs</a> from January to October 2021 and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Transport_(Canada)" title="Minister of Transport (Canada)">minister of transport</a> from November 2015 to January 2021. He was an MP in <a href="/wiki/Westmount" title="Westmount">Westmount</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> for 15 years. </p><p>Prior to entering politics, Garneau served as a naval officer and was selected as an astronaut, part of the 1983 NRC Group. On October 5, 1984, he became the first Canadian in outer space as part of <a href="/wiki/STS-41-G" title="STS-41-G">STS-41-G</a> and served on two subsequent <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> missions—<a href="/wiki/STS-77" title="STS-77">STS-77</a> and <a href="/wiki/STS-97" title="STS-97">STS-97</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Joseph Jean-Pierre Marc Garneau was born on February 23, 1949, in <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada. He attended primary and secondary schools in Quebec City and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu" title="Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu">Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu</a>. He also has a brother, Philippe Garneau.<sup id="cite_ref-”Encyclopedia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-”Encyclopedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_military_career">Education and military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education and military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Garneau graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a> in 1970 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">bachelor of science</a> in <a href="/wiki/Engineering_physics" title="Engineering physics">engineering physics</a> and began his career in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Maritime Command</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973 he received a PhD in electrical engineering from the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial College of Science and Technology">Imperial College of Science and Technology</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England. His thesis was entitled "The Perception of Facial Images". The <a href="/wiki/Photofit" class="mw-redirect" title="Photofit">Photofit</a> <a href="/wiki/Analogue_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Analogue computer">analogue computer</a> was used by him to discriminate facial features.<sup id="cite_ref-garneau73_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-garneau73-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1974, Garneau served as a naval combat systems engineer aboard <a href="/wiki/HMCS_Algonquin_(DDG_283)" title="HMCS Algonquin (DDG 283)">HMCS <i>Algonquin</i></a>. </p><p>From 1982 to 1983, he attended the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_College" title="Canadian Forces College">Canadian Forces Command and Staff College</a> in Toronto. While there, he was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Commander_(Canada)" title="Commander (Canada)">commander</a> and was transferred to Ottawa in 1983. In January 1986, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Captain_(Canadian_naval_rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (Canadian naval rank)">captain(N)</a>. Garneau retired from the Canadian Forces in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Space_career">Space career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Space career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Garneau was one of six first Canadian Astronauts and he became the first Canadian in outer space on October 5, 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, he was seconded to the new <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Astronaut_Corps" title="Canadian Astronaut Corps">Canadian Astronaut Program</a> (CAP), one of six chosen from over 4,000 applicants; of these six he was the only military officer. </p><p>Garneau flew on the Space Shuttle <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger"><i>Challenger</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/STS-41-G" title="STS-41-G">STS-41-G</a> from October 5 to 13, 1984, as <a href="/wiki/Payload_specialist" title="Payload specialist">payload specialist</a>. He was promoted to captain(N) in 1986, and left the Canadian Forces in 1989, to become deputy director of the CAP. In 1992–93, he underwent further training to become a <a href="/wiki/Mission_specialist" title="Mission specialist">mission specialist</a>. He worked as <a href="/wiki/Capsule_communicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Capsule communicator">CAPCOM</a> for a number of shuttle flights and was on two further flights himself: <a href="/wiki/STS-77" title="STS-77">STS-77</a> (May 19 to 29, 1996) and <a href="/wiki/STS-97" title="STS-97">STS-97</a> (to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">ISS</a>, November 30 to December 11, 2000).<sup id="cite_ref-Garneau’s_Second_Trip_to_Space_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garneau’s_Second_Trip_to_Space-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Garneau_on_STS-97_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garneau_on_STS-97-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has logged over 677 hours in space.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marc_Garneau_STS-97.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Astronaut Marc Garneau, STS-97 in 2000"><img alt="Astronaut Marc Garneau, STS-97 in 2000" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marc_Garneau_STS-97.jpg/240px-Marc_Garneau_STS-97.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marc_Garneau_STS-97.jpg/360px-Marc_Garneau_STS-97.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marc_Garneau_STS-97.jpg/480px-Marc_Garneau_STS-97.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3293" data-file-height="4116" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Astronaut Marc Garneau, <a href="/wiki/STS-97" title="STS-97">STS-97</a> in 2000</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 246.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 244.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-97_Marc_Garneau_in_the_hatchway_to_PMA-3_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Garneau floats in the hatchway that leads to Endeavour"><img alt="Garneau floats in the hatchway that leads to Endeavour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/STS-97_Marc_Garneau_in_the_hatchway_to_PMA-3_%28cropped%29.jpg/367px-STS-97_Marc_Garneau_in_the_hatchway_to_PMA-3_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="245" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/STS-97_Marc_Garneau_in_the_hatchway_to_PMA-3_%28cropped%29.jpg/550px-STS-97_Marc_Garneau_in_the_hatchway_to_PMA-3_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/STS-97_Marc_Garneau_in_the_hatchway_to_PMA-3_%28cropped%29.jpg/733px-STS-97_Marc_Garneau_in_the_hatchway_to_PMA-3_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2134" data-file-height="1746" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Garneau floats in the hatchway that leads to <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour">Endeavour</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>On February 1, 2001, Garneau was appointed executive vice-president of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a> (CSA).<sup id="cite_ref-VP-CSA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VP-CSA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 28, 2001, the government announced his appointment as president of the CSA, replacing <a href="/wiki/Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_10001%E2%80%9311000#080" title="Meanings of minor-planet names: 10001–11000">Mac Evans</a> in that position on November 22, 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Head_of_CSA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Head_of_CSA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Garneau served as the member of Parliament (MP) for the <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> riding of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount">Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount</a>, and its predecessor <a href="/wiki/Westmount%E2%80%94Ville-Marie" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount—Ville-Marie">Westmount—Ville-Marie</a> since the <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 federal election</a>, winning by over 9,000 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-spaceman_wins_seat_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spaceman_wins_seat-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was re-elected to the House of Commons in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 federal election</a> by 642 votes,<sup id="cite_ref-wins_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wins-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a> with a majority of over 18,000. Previously, he unsuccessfully stood in the riding of <a href="/wiki/Vaudreuil%E2%80%94Soulanges_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Vaudreuil—Soulanges (federal electoral district)">Vaudreuil—Soulanges</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 federal election</a>. </p><p>On November 28, 2012, Garneau announced his candidacy for the leadership of the Liberal Party to be decided in April 2013. On March 13, 2013, Garneau formally withdrew his bid for the party leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-Garneau_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garneau-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 4, 2015, Garneau was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Transport_(Canada)" title="Minister of Transport (Canada)">Minister of Transport</a> in the <a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">29th Canadian Ministry</a>. He became Minister of Foreign Affairs on January 12, 2021 after a cabinet reshuffle.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_steps_(2006–2008)"><span id="Initial_steps_.282006.E2.80.932008.29"></span>Initial steps (2006–2008)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Initial steps (2006–2008)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Garneau resigned as the president of the Canadian Space Agency to run for the Liberal Party of Canada in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 federal election</a> in the riding of <a href="/wiki/Vaudreuil%E2%80%94Soulanges_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Vaudreuil—Soulanges (federal electoral district)">Vaudreuil—Soulanges</a>, which was then held by <a href="/wiki/Meili_Faille" title="Meili Faille">Meili Faille</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Liberal Party's support dropped off considerably in Quebec after the <a href="/wiki/Sponsorship_scandal" title="Sponsorship scandal">Sponsorship scandal</a> and though considered a <a href="/wiki/Star_candidate" title="Star candidate">star candidate</a>, Garneau lost to Faille by over nine thousand votes.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2006 Liberal Party leadership election</a> Garneau announced his support for perceived front-runner <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff">Michael Ignatieff</a>, who lost to <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a> on the final ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the resignation of Liberal MP <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lapierre" title="Jean Lapierre">Jean Lapierre</a> in 2007, Garneau expressed interest in being the party's candidate in Lapierre's former riding of <a href="/wiki/Outremont_(electoral_district)" title="Outremont (electoral district)">Outremont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-confirmed_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-confirmed-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dion instead appointed <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Coulon" title="Jocelyn Coulon">Jocelyn Coulon</a> as the party's candidate, who went on to be defeated by the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party's</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mulcair" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Mulcair">Thomas Mulcair</a> in the by-election.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2007, Garneau filed nomination papers to be the party's candidate in Westmount—Ville-Marie, after former Liberal Party deputy leader <a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Lucienne Robillard</a> announced she would not be seeking re-election. However, a week after filing his nomination papers Dion announced that he had hand-picked a candidate for the riding. Garneau later withdrew his nomination papers and announced he no longer had an interest in politics. In October 2007, Garneau and Dion held a joint news conference where they announced that Garneau would be the Liberal Party candidate in Westmount—Ville-Marie.<sup id="cite_ref-confirmed_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-confirmed-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robillard announced her resignation as Member of Parliament in January and a by-election was later scheduled for September 8, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the by-election was cancelled during the campaign when Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> called a <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">general election for October 14, 2008</a>. Though some pundits predicted a close race between Garneau and NDP candidate <a href="/wiki/Anne_Lagac%C3%A9_Dowson" title="Anne Lagacé Dowson">Anne Lagacé-Dowson</a>, Garneau went on to win the riding by over 9,000 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-spaceman_wins_seat_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spaceman_wins_seat-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_40th_Parliament">Member of 40th Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Member of 40th Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Garneau was a member of the Industry, Science and Technology committee of the 40th Parliament. He also served on the Canada-Japan interparliamentary group.<sup id="cite_ref-oc_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oc-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="41st_Parliament_and_leadership_campaign">41st Parliament and leadership campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 41st Parliament and leadership campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2013_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election</a></div> <p>Garneau was narrowly re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 election</a> where he beat New Democratic Party candidate Joanne Corbeil. He was Liberal House leader and served from 2013 as Liberal foreign affairs critic. He was a candidate for interim leadership of the Liberal Party, but was ultimately defeated by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rae_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rae-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garneau announced later that year that he was considering a bid for the permanent leadership of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the summer of 2012, he announced that he was looking for a "dream team" to run his leadership bid and that he would only run if he could find the right people.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 21, 2012, Garneau was named his party's natural resources critic after <a href="/wiki/David_McGuinty" title="David McGuinty">David McGuinty</a> resigned the post.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 28, 2012, Garneau announced his bid for the leadership of the Liberal Party, placing a heavy focus on the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While fellow leadership candidate <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> was widely seen as the front-runner in the race, Garneau was thought to be his main challenger among the candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With his entrance into the leadership race he resigned his post as Liberal House leader, while remaining the party's critic for natural resources.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the press conference announcing his candidacy Garneau ruled out any form of co-operation with the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party</a> or <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party</a> to help defeat the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a> in the next election, which was proposed by leadership candidate <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Murray" title="Joyce Murray">Joyce Murray</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Kelly_Visits_Ottawa_(33317504551).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Secretary_Kelly_Visits_Ottawa_%2833317504551%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Kelly_Visits_Ottawa_%2833317504551%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Secretary_Kelly_Visits_Ottawa_%2833317504551%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Kelly_Visits_Ottawa_%2833317504551%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Secretary_Kelly_Visits_Ottawa_%2833317504551%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Kelly_Visits_Ottawa_%2833317504551%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Garneau and other members of <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a>'s cabinet welcoming U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kelly" title="John F. Kelly">John F. Kelly</a> in March 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>On January 30, 2013, Garneau was replaced as natural resources critic by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Hsu" title="Ted Hsu">Ted Hsu</a>. Garneau had been serving in the position on an interim basis.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 13, 2013 Garneau announced his withdrawal from the race, and threw his support to front-runner <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>. On September 18, 2013, Garneau was named co-chair of the Liberal International Affairs Council of Advisors, providing advice on foreign and defence issues to <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Transport_in_the_42nd_Parliament">Minister of Transport in the 42nd Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Minister of Transport in the 42nd Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 elections</a> held on October 19, 2015, Garneau was re-elected as MP in the newly created riding of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount">Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount</a>. Two weeks later, on November 4, 2015, Garneau was appointed the minister of transport by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>. </p><p>In May 2017, Garneau introduced an airline passenger bill of rights to standardize how passengers can be treated by airlines which operate any flights in and out of Canada. The legislation would create minimum compensation rates for overbooking, lost or damaged luggage, and bumping passengers off flights. It would also prohibit airlines from removing people from the flight if they have purchased a ticket and set the standard for <a href="/wiki/Airport_apron" title="Airport apron">tarmac</a> delays and airline treatment of passengers when flights are delayed or cancelled over events in the airline's control, or because of weather conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Canadian_Foreign_Minister_Marc_Garneau_(51191398390).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Canadian_Foreign_Minister_Marc_Garneau_%2851191398390%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Canadian_Foreign_Minister_Marc_Garneau_%2851191398390%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Canadian_Foreign_Minister_Marc_Garneau_%2851191398390%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Canadian_Foreign_Minister_Marc_Garneau_%2851191398390%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Canadian_Foreign_Minister_Marc_Garneau_%2851191398390%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Canadian_Foreign_Minister_Marc_Garneau_%2851191398390%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5643" data-file-height="3764" /></a><figcaption>Garneau meets with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony J. Blinken</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavik</a> in May 2021.</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 2019, after days of initial refusal to take actions following the crash of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302">Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302</a>, Garneau who had even gone so far as to say on 11 March that he would board 737 MAX 8 "without hesitation" as an apparent show of support for the Boeing Company,<sup id="cite_ref-hupo_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hupo-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> finally agreed on 13 March to <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX_groundings" title="Boeing 737 MAX groundings">ground</a> and prohibit all <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_Max" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737 Max">Boeing 737 Max</a> aircraft from flying in Canadian airspace.<sup id="cite_ref-grounds_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grounds-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> followed suit later that day.<sup id="cite_ref-klcnn_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klcnn-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This stood in contrast to the ministry's previous stance, where Garneau insisted the plane was safe to fly, thus making Canada one of the only two nations still flying a substantial number of Boeing 737 Max planes at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_in_the_43rd_Parliament">Minister of Foreign Affairs in the 43rd Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Minister of Foreign Affairs in the 43rd Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Garneau continued to serve as Minister of Transport after the elections to the 43rd Parliament held in October 2019. He was at Transport for the first two years of the <a href="/wiki/Covid-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Covid-19 pandemic">Covid-19 pandemic</a>, and thus he was responsible to enforce the <i><a href="/wiki/Quarantine_Act,_2005" title="Quarantine Act, 2005">Quarantine Act</a></i> as lieutenant to the Minister of Health <a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Patty Hajdu</a>; during this time he made many decisions that would affect the lives of travellers in co-ordination with Hadju.<sup id="cite_ref-pmcjtm20_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmcjtm20-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ciscan_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciscan-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cbcjpt_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbcjpt-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Garneau then served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from January 12, 2021 until October 26, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-oc_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oc-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 12, 2021, following the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Navdeep_Bains" title="Navdeep Bains">Navdeep Bains</a> as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Innovation,_Science_and_Industry" title="Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry">minister of innovation, science and industry</a>, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> shuffled the Cabinet, with Garneau becoming Minister of Foreign Affairs and <a href="/wiki/Omar_Alghabra" title="Omar Alghabra">Omar Alghabra</a> taking his place at Transport.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garneau was described as one of the most qualified and capable members of Cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-nationalpost.com_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalpost.com-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-montrealgazette.com_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-montrealgazette.com-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theglobeandmail.com_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theglobeandmail.com-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_44th_Parliament_and_retirement">Member of 44th Parliament and retirement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Member of 44th Parliament and retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the cabinet reshuffle stemming from the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">election in October 2021</a>, Garneau was dropped from Cabinet on October 26, despite being re-elected to his seat in the House.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have speculated that Garneau did not remain in cabinet due to his age, being sacrificed in the name of gender parity, and that he reportedly refused to be subservient to the Prime Minister’s Office.<sup id="cite_ref-nationalpost.com_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalpost.com-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-montrealgazette.com_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-montrealgazette.com-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theglobeandmail.com_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theglobeandmail.com-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 8, 2023, Garneau announced that he would resign his seat and retire from politics.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He gave his farewell speech in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2023_Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount_federal_by-election" title="2023 Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount federal by-election">by-election</a> to replace him in parliament occurred June 19, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberal <a href="/wiki/Anna_Gainey" title="Anna Gainey">Anna Gainey</a> succeeded him, with almost as big a majority of votes as Garneau had won previously. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:Navy;color:White" align="center"> <td>Ribbon</td> <td>Description</td> <td>Notes </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CAN_Order_of_Canada_Companion_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/CAN_Order_of_Canada_Companion_ribbon.svg/80px-CAN_Order_of_Canada_Companion_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/CAN_Order_of_Canada_Companion_ribbon.svg/120px-CAN_Order_of_Canada_Companion_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/CAN_Order_of_Canada_Companion_ribbon.svg/160px-CAN_Order_of_Canada_Companion_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td>Companion of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a> (C.C.)</td> <td> <ul><li>Awarded on: May 8, 2003</li> <li>Invested on: December 12, 2003<sup id="cite_ref-auto_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CAN_Order_of_Canada_Officer_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/CAN_Order_of_Canada_Officer_ribbon.svg/80px-CAN_Order_of_Canada_Officer_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/CAN_Order_of_Canada_Officer_ribbon.svg/120px-CAN_Order_of_Canada_Officer_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/CAN_Order_of_Canada_Officer_ribbon.svg/160px-CAN_Order_of_Canada_Officer_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td>Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a> (O.C.)</td> <td> <ul><li>Awarded on: December 17, 1984</li> <li>Invested on: April 10, 1985<sup id="cite_ref-auto_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada125_ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Canada125_ribbon.png/80px-Canada125_ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Canada125_ribbon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/125th_Anniversary_of_the_Confederation_of_Canada_Medal" title="125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal">125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal</a></td> <td> <ul><li>1993</li> <li>As an officer of the Order of Canada, he has also received the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QEII_Golden_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/QEII_Golden_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.png/80px-QEII_Golden_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/QEII_Golden_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Golden_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal">Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal</a> for Canada</td> <td> <ul><li>2002</li> <li>As an officer of the Order of Canada, he has also received the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal of Canada Medal.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Canadian version</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/80px-QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/160px-QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal">Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal</a> for Canada</td> <td> <ul><li>2012</li> <li>* As a Companion of the Order of Canada, and an elected <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> he has also received the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Canadian version</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CAN_Canadian_Forces_Decoration_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/CAN_Canadian_Forces_Decoration_ribbon.svg/80px-CAN_Canadian_Forces_Decoration_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/CAN_Canadian_Forces_Decoration_ribbon.svg/120px-CAN_Canadian_Forces_Decoration_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/CAN_Canadian_Forces_Decoration_ribbon.svg/160px-CAN_Canadian_Forces_Decoration_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">Canadian Forces' Decoration</a> (C.D.)</td> <td> <ul><li>For 12 years of service within the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Garneau was appointed an Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a> in 1984 in recognition of his role as the first Canadian astronaut. He was promoted the rank of Companion within the order in 2003 for his extensive work with Canada's space program. </p><p>He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">Canadian Forces' Decoration</a> for 12 years of honourable service with the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces">Canadian Forces</a>. </p><p>He is honoured with a high school named after him, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Garneau_Collegiate_Institute" title="Marc Garneau Collegiate Institute">Marc Garneau Collegiate Institute</a> in Toronto<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and É.S.P. Marc-Garneau<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_Ontario" title="Trenton, Ontario">Trenton, Ontario</a>. </p><p>Garneau is the Honorary Captain of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Sea_Cadets" title="Royal Canadian Sea Cadets">Royal Canadian Sea Cadets</a>. In addition, n<sup>o</sup> 599 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Cadets" title="Royal Canadian Air Cadets">Royal Canadian Air Cadets</a> squadron is named in his honour. </p><p>Garneau was awarded the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Keys_to_the_City_in_Canada" title="List of Keys to the City in Canada">Key to the City</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> from <a href="/wiki/Marion_Dewar" title="Marion Dewar">Marion Dewar</a> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Ottawa" title="List of mayors of Ottawa">Mayor of Ottawa</a> on December 10, 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Hall of Fame">International Space Hall of Fame</a> in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-ep5_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ep5-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Honorary degrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:20%;">Location </th> <th style="width:20%;">Date </th> <th style="width:40%;">School </th> <th style="width:20%;">Degree </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span>Ontario</td> <td>May 17, 1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a></td> <td>Doctor of Military Science (DMSc)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Nova Scotia</td> <td>1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Technical University of Nova Scotia">Technical University of Nova Scotia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Engineering" title="Doctor of Engineering">Doctor of Engineering</a> (D.Eng)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Quebec</td> <td>1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laval_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Laval University">Laval University</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Quebec</td> <td>1990</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_Saint-Jean" title="Royal Military College Saint-Jean">Royal Military College Saint-Jean</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span>Ontario</td> <td>1997</td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ottawa" title="University of Ottawa">University of Ottawa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of the University">Doctor of the University</a> (D.Univ)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/46px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Alberta</td> <td>Spring 2001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lethbridge" title="University of Lethbridge">University of Lethbridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctor of Science</a> (D.Sc)<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span>Ontario</td> <td>Spring 2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctor of Science</a> (D.Sc)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Quebec</td> <td>December 2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Concordia_University" title="Concordia University">Concordia University</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> (LL.D)<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span>Ontario</td> <td>November 2005</td> <td><a href="/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University">McMaster University</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctor of Science</a> (D.Sc)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/46px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Alberta</td> <td>2006</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_University" title="Athabasca University">Athabasca University</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctor of Science</a> (D.Sc)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/46px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>British Columbia</td> <td>2006</td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Institute_of_Technology" title="British Columbia Institute of Technology">British Columbia Institute of Technology</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Technology" title="Doctor of Technology">Doctor of Technology</a> (D.Tech)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_record">Electoral record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Electoral record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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election/Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:2021_Canadian_federal_election/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:2021 Canadian federal election/Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2021_Canadian_federal_election/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2021 Canadian federal election/Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount">Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marc Garneau</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">24,510</td> <td style="text-align:right;">53.76</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-2.52</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$61,675.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Emma Elbourne-Weinstock</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,753</td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.20</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+3.79</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$23,238.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Mathew Kaminski</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,412</td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.06</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.62</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$777.38 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a></td> <td>Jordan Craig Larouche</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,407</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.28</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.59</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$2,242.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Sam Fairbrother</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,835</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.02</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-6.70</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$5,916.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6f5d9a; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Freiheit" title="David Freiheit">David Freiheit</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,498</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.29</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.16</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$17,259.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Rachel Hoffman</td> <td style="text-align:right;">117</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.26</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.12</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$0.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CC6699; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a></td> <td>Geofryde Wandji</td> <td style="text-align:right;">59</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.13</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1,300.00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/Expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">45,591</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">99.03</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">$108,061.50</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">446</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.97</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">+0.09</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">46,037</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">62.55</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">-3.68</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">73,595</span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#EA6D6A; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <b>hold</b> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">-3.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2019_Canadian_federal_election/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Template:2019 Canadian federal election/Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2019_Canadian_federal_election/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Template talk:2019 Canadian federal election/Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2019_Canadian_federal_election/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2019 Canadian federal election/Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount">Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marc Garneau</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">28,323</td> <td style="text-align:right;">56.28</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-1.39</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$77,287.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Franklin Gertler</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,753</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.41</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-6.35</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$45,608.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Neil Drabkin</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,759</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.44</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-2.93</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><small><i>none listed</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Robert Green</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,397</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.73</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+7.67</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$9,697.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a></td> <td>Jennifer Jetté</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,359</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.69</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.21</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><small><i>none listed</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6f5d9a; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's</a></td> <td>André Valiquette</td> <td style="text-align:right;">565</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.12</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$4,895.49 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td>Jeffery A. Thomas</td> <td style="text-align:right;">98</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.19</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><small><i>none listed</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Rachel Hoffman</td> <td style="text-align:right;">67</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.13</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-0.22</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$0.00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">50,321</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">99.12 </span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">446</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.88</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">50,767</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">66.23</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">76,649</span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#EA6D6A; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <b>hold</b> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">+4.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount">Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Marc Garneau</td> <td style="text-align:right;">29,755</td> <td style="text-align:right;">57.67</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+19.43</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$116,633.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>James Hughes</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,229</td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.76</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−13.29</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$121,985.65 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Richard Sagala</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,414</td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.37</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−3.28</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$23,826.12 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Melissa Kate Wheeler</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,581</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.06</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1.32</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1,243.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a></td> <td>Simon Quesnel</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,282</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.48</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1.59</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$2,358.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Rachel Hoffman</td> <td style="text-align:right;">181</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.35</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td>Lisa Julie Cahn</td> <td style="text-align:right;">151</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.29</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/Expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">51,593</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">$214,383.86</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">311</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.60</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">51,904</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">65.21</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">79,597</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Westmount%E2%80%94Ville-Marie" title="Template:2011 Canadian federal election/Westmount—Ville-Marie"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Westmount%E2%80%94Ville-Marie" title="Template talk:2011 Canadian federal election/Westmount—Ville-Marie"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Westmount%E2%80%94Ville-Marie" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2011 Canadian federal election/Westmount—Ville-Marie"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Westmount%E2%80%94Ville-Marie" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount—Ville-Marie">Westmount—Ville-Marie</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marc Garneau</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,346</td> <td style="text-align:right;">37.18</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−9.29</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Joanne Corbeil</td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,704</td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.62</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+12.69</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Neil Drabkin</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,218</td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.49</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+1.68</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a></td> <td>Véronique Roy</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,278</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.52</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1.74</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Andrew Carkner</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,516</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.67</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−3.37</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #D8BFD8; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_Party" title="Rhinoceros Party">Rhinoceros</a></td> <td>Victoria Haliburton</td> <td style="text-align:right;">140</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.34</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.18</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #FF6347; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada" title="Communist Party of Canada">Communist</a></td> <td>Bill Sloan</td> <td style="text-align:right;">73</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.18</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.09</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">41,275</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">99.60</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">165</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.40</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">−0.18</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">41,440</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">53.36</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">+2.72</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Electors on the lists </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">77,656</span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#EA6D6A; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <b>hold</b> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">−10.99 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Westmount%E2%80%94Ville-Marie" title="Template:2008 Canadian federal election/Westmount—Ville-Marie"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Westmount%E2%80%94Ville-Marie" title="Template talk:2008 Canadian federal election/Westmount—Ville-Marie"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Westmount%E2%80%94Ville-Marie" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2008 Canadian federal election/Westmount—Ville-Marie"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Westmount%E2%80%94Ville-Marie" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount—Ville-Marie">Westmount—Ville-Marie</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marc Garneau</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,041</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.47</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.79</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$78,009 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Lagac%C3%A9_Dowson" title="Anne Lagacé Dowson">Anne Lagacé Dowson</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,904</td> <td style="text-align:right;">22.93</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+7.56</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$79,186 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Guy Dufort</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,139</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.81</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1.84</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$34,968 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a></td> <td>Charles Larivée</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,818</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.26</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−5.30</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$8,281 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Claude_William_Genest" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude William Genest">Claude William Genest</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,733</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.04</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1.31</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #D8BFD8; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_Party" title="Rhinoceros Party">Rhinoceros</a></td> <td>Judith Vienneau</td> <td style="text-align:right;">62</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.16</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Linda Sullivan</td> <td style="text-align:right;">49</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.13</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.10</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td>David Rovins</td> <td style="text-align:right;">47</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.12</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$30 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #FF6347; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada" title="Communist Party of Canada">Communist</a></td> <td>Bill Sloan</td> <td style="text-align:right;">34</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.09</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.08</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$2,433 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">38,827</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">99.43</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">$83,153</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">224</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.57</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">−0.06 </span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">39,051</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">50.64</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">−3.05</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">77,112</span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#EA6D6A; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <b>hold</b> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">−3.39 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2006_Canadian_federal_election/Vaudreuil%E2%80%94Soulanges" title="Template:2006 Canadian federal election/Vaudreuil—Soulanges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:2006_Canadian_federal_election/Vaudreuil%E2%80%94Soulanges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:2006 Canadian federal election/Vaudreuil—Soulanges (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2006_Canadian_federal_election/Vaudreuil%E2%80%94Soulanges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2006 Canadian federal election/Vaudreuil—Soulanges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vaudreuil%E2%80%94Soulanges_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Vaudreuil—Soulanges (federal electoral district)">Vaudreuil—Soulanges</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meili_Faille" title="Meili Faille">Meili Faille</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">27,012</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.16</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1.13</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$85,133 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Marc Garneau</td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,768</td> <td style="text-align:right;">28.39</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−10.41</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$79,413 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Stephane Bourgon</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,889</td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.00</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+10.81</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$35,090 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Bert Markgraf</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,468</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.54</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+1.64</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$3,385 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Pierre Pariseau-Legault</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,450</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.91</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.14</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1,144 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/Expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">62,587</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> $85,543</span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#87CEFA; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> <b>hold</b> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">+9.28 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut-politician" title="Astronaut-politician">Astronaut-politician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_university_leaders" title="List of Canadian university leaders">List of Canadian university leaders</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-”Encyclopedia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-”Encyclopedia_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCôtBonikowsky2023" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Côt, Françoise; 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CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trump+administration+grounds+Boeing+737+Max+planes&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft.aulast=Liptak&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F03%2F13%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-boeing-faa%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarc+Garneau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/12/africa/airlines-suspend-boeing-flights-intl/index.html">"US and Canada are the only two nations still flying many Boeing 737 Max planes"</a>. CNN. 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CBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+federal+rule+on+COVID-19+tests+for+air+passengers+in+effect&rft.date=2021-01-06&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fair-travellers-negative-covid-19-test-1.5863509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarc+Garneau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-cabinet-shuffle-small-1.5869541">"Trudeau to shuffle ministers as Navdeep Bains leaves cabinet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i>. January 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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October 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Peter+F.+Trent%3A+Trudeau+shows+he+holds+little+regard+for+competency+by+turfing+cabinet%27s+brightest+light%2C+Marc+Garneau&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fopinion%2Fpeter-f-trent-trudeau-shows-he-holds-little-regard-for-competency-by-turfing-cabinets-brightest-light-marc-garneau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarc+Garneau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-montrealgazette.com-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-montrealgazette.com_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-montrealgazette.com_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/opinion/opinion-marc-garneau-the-anti-politician-deserves-better">"Opinion: Marc Garneau, the 'anti-politician,' deserves better"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opinion%3A+Marc+Garneau%2C+the+%27anti-politician%2C%27+deserves+better&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fopinion%2Fopinion-marc-garneau-the-anti-politician-deserves-better&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarc+Garneau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theglobeandmail.com-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theglobeandmail.com_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theglobeandmail.com_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbbitson2021" class="citation news cs1">Ibbitson, John (October 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-garneaus-departure-means-trudeau-will-have-five-foreign-affairs/">"Garneau's departure means Trudeau will have had five foreign affairs ministers in six years. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elections+Canada&rft.atitle=List+of+confirmed+candidates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ca%2Fcontent2.aspx%3Fsection%3Dcan%26dir%3Dcand%2Flst%26document%3Dindex%26lang%3De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarc+Garneau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovr2019app/51/11017e.html">"Official Voting Results"</a>. Elections Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elections+Canada+%E2%80%93+Preliminary+Election+Expenses+Limits+for+Candidates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ca%2Fcontent2.aspx%3Fsection%3Dcan%26dir%3Dcand%252Fcanlim%26document%3Dindex%26lang%3De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarc+Garneau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Garneau&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=17305">Marc Garneau – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/astronauts/biogarneau.asp">Canadian Space Agency biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110416081212/http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/the_shuttle/113.html">NASA biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/garneau_marc.htm">Spacefacts biography of Marc Garneau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/archives/topic/marc-garneau-canadian-space-pioneer">CBC Digital Archives – Marc Garneau: Canadian Space Pioneer</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=17305">Marc Garneau – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/marc-garneau/">Marc Garneau</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Hnatyshyn" title="Ray Hnatyshyn">Ray Hnatyshyn</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carleton_University" title="Carleton University">Carleton University</a> </b><br />2003–2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Herb_Gray" title="Herb Gray">Herb Gray</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">???</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Caucus Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a> in Quebec </b><br />2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(Canadian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pablo Rodríguez (Canadian politician)">Pablo Rodriguez</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Coderre" title="Denis Coderre">Denis Coderre</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Quebec_lieutenant" title="Quebec lieutenant">Quebec Lieutenant</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a> </b><br />2008–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Vacant, then <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(Canadian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pablo Rodríguez (Canadian politician)">Pablo Rodriguez</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; border-top: 5px solid #EA6D6A" colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">29th Ministry</a> – Cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <th colspan="3">Cabinet posts (2) </th></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <th scope="col" style="width:110px;text-align:center;">Predecessor </th> <th scope="col" style="width:290px;text-align:center;">Office </th> <th scope="col" style="width:110px;text-align:center;">Successor </th></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">François-Philippe Champagne</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></b><br />January 12, 2021 – October 26, 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Mélanie Joly</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Raitt" title="Lisa Raitt">Lisa Raitt</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Transport_(Canada)" title="Minister of Transport (Canada)">Minister of Transport</a></b><br />November 4, 2015 – January 12, 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Omar_Alghabra" title="Omar Alghabra">Omar Alghabra</a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_Prime_Minister_Justin_Trudeau_(2015–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Justin_Trudeau_Ministry" title="Template:Justin Trudeau Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Justin_Trudeau_Ministry" title="Template talk:Justin Trudeau Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Justin_Trudeau_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Justin Trudeau Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_Prime_Minister_Justin_Trudeau_(2015–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Justin_Trudeau" title="Premiership of Justin Trudeau">2015–present</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anita Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Anandasangaree" title="Gary Anandasangaree">Gary Anandasangaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Beech" title="Terry Beech">Terry Beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Claude_Bibeau" title="Marie-Claude Bibeau">Marie-Claude Bibeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Blair_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Blair (politician)">Bill Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">François-Philippe Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Jean-Yves Duclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Fraser_(politician)" title="Sean Fraser (politician)">Sean Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karina_Gould" title="Karina Gould">Karina Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Guilbeault" title="Steven Guilbeault">Steven Guilbeault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Patty Hajdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Holland" title="Mark Holland">Mark Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hussen" title="Ahmed Hussen">Ahmed Hussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudie_Hutchings" title="Gudie Hutchings">Gudie Hutchings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marci_Ien" title="Marci Ien">Marci Ien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Mélanie Joly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Khera" title="Kamal Khera">Kamal Khera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_LeBlanc" title="Dominic LeBlanc">Dominic LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Lebouthillier" title="Diane Lebouthillier">Diane Lebouthillier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">Lawrence MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_MacKinnon" title="Steven MacKinnon">Steven MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soraya_Martinez_Ferrada" title="Soraya Martinez Ferrada">Soraya Martinez Ferrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Miller_(politician)" title="Marc Miller (politician)">Marc Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ng" title="Mary Ng">Mary Ng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Harjit Sajjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Ginette Petitpas Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Qualtrough" title="Carla Qualtrough">Carla Qualtrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ara_Saks" title="Ya'ara Saks">Ya'ara Saks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascale_St-Onge" title="Pascale St-Onge">Pascale St-Onge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Sudds" title="Jenna Sudds">Jenna Sudds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filomena_Tassi" title="Filomena Tassi">Filomena Tassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechie_Valdez" title="Rechie Valdez">Rechie Valdez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Vandal" title="Dan Vandal">Dan Vandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Virani" title="Arif Virani">Arif Virani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Wilkinson" title="Jonathan Wilkinson">Jonathan Wilkinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Alghabra" title="Omar Alghabra">Omar Alghabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navdeep_Bains" title="Navdeep Bains">Navdeep Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bennett" title="Carolyn Bennett">Carolyn Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Boissonnault" title="Randy Boissonnault">Randy Boissonnault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Scott Brison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Carr" title="Jim Carr">Jim Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardish_Chagger" title="Bardish Chagger">Bardish Chagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsty_Duncan" title="Kirsty Duncan">Kirsty Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Foote" title="Judy Foote">Judy Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Fortier" title="Mona Fortier">Mona Fortier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marc Garneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Ralph Goodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Hehr" title="Kent Hehr">Kent Hehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Jaczek" title="Helena Jaczek">Helena Jaczek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Jordan" title="Bernadette Jordan">Bernadette Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lametti" title="David Lametti">David Lametti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCallum" title="John McCallum">John McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_McKenna" title="Catherine McKenna">Catherine McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Mendicino" title="Marco Mendicino">Marco Mendicino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaryAnn_Mihychuk" title="MaryAnn Mihychuk">MaryAnn Mihychuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Monsef" title="Maryam Monsef">Maryam Monsef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Morneau" title="Bill Morneau">Bill Morneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Murray" title="Joyce Murray">Joyce Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">Seamus O'Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Philpott" title="Jane Philpott">Jane Philpott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Rodriguez_(Canadian_politician)" title="Pablo Rodriguez (Canadian politician)">Pablo Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deb_Schulte" title="Deb Schulte">Deb Schulte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarjeet_Sohi" title="Amarjeet Sohi">Amarjeet Sohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Tootoo" title="Hunter Tootoo">Hunter Tootoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Jody Wilson-Raybould</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Cabinet_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Cabinet" title="Template:Canadian Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Canadian Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Cabinet_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">Cabinet of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Anandasangaree" title="Gary Anandasangaree">Anandasangaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Beech" title="Terry Beech">Beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Claude_Bibeau" title="Marie-Claude Bibeau">Bibeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Blair_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Blair (politician)">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Duclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Fraser_(politician)" title="Sean Fraser (politician)">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Freeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karina_Gould" title="Karina Gould">Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Guilbeault" title="Steven Guilbeault">Guilbeault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Hajdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Holland" title="Mark Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hussen" title="Ahmed Hussen">Hussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudie_Hutchings" title="Gudie Hutchings">Hutchings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marci_Ien" title="Marci Ien">Ien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Joly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Khera" title="Kamal Khera">Khera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_LeBlanc" title="Dominic LeBlanc">LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Lebouthillier" title="Diane Lebouthillier">Lebouthillier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_MacKinnon" title="Steven MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soraya_Martinez_Ferrada" title="Soraya Martinez Ferrada">Martinez Ferrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Miller_(politician)" title="Marc Miller (politician)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ng" title="Mary Ng">Ng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Petitpas Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Qualtrough" title="Carla Qualtrough">Qualtrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Sajjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ara_Saks" title="Ya'ara Saks">Saks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascale_St-Onge" title="Pascale St-Onge">St-Onge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Sudds" title="Jenna Sudds">Sudds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filomena_Tassi" title="Filomena Tassi">Tassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechie_Valdez" title="Rechie Valdez">Valdez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Vandal" title="Dan Vandal">Vandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Virani" title="Arif Virani">Virani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Wilkinson" title="Jonathan Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_Canadian_House_of_Commons" title="Template:Members of the Canadian House of Commons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_Canadian_House_of_Commons" title="Template talk:Members of the Canadian House of Commons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_Canadian_House_of_Commons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the Canadian House of Commons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Presiding Officer (<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(Canada)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)">Speaker</a>): <a href="/wiki/Greg_Fergus" title="Greg Fergus">Greg Fergus</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#EA6D6A;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberal_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Template:Liberal Party of Canada MPs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberal_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Template talk:Liberal Party of Canada MPs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal Party of Canada MPs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liberal_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Alghabra" title="Omar Alghabra">Alghabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafqat_Ali" title="Shafqat Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gary_Anandasangaree" title="Gary Anandasangaree">Anandasangaree</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Arseneault" title="René Arseneault">Arseneault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Arya" title="Chandra Arya">Arya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenica_Atwin" title="Jenica Atwin">Atwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_Badawey" title="Vance Badawey">Badawey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parm_Bains" title="Parm Bains">Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvan_Baker" title="Yvan Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Battiste" title="Jaime Battiste">Battiste</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terry_Beech" title="Terry Beech">Beech</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bendayan" title="Rachel Bendayan">Bendayan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marie-Claude_Bibeau" title="Marie-Claude Bibeau">Bibeau</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Bittle" title="Chris Bittle">Bittle</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bill_Blair_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Blair (politician)">Blair</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kody_Blois" title="Kody Blois">Blois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Boissonnault" title="Randy Boissonnault">Boissonnault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Bradford" title="Valerie Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Bri%C3%A8re" title="Élisabeth Brière">Brière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carr_(politician)" title="Ben Carr (politician)">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Casey_(Canadian_politician)" title="Sean Casey (Canadian politician)">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardish_Chagger" title="Bardish Chagger">Chagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Chahal" title="George Chahal">Chahal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">Champagne</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Chatel" title="Sophie Chatel">Chatel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Chen_(politician)" title="Shaun Chen (politician)">Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Chiang_(politician)" title="Paul Chiang (politician)">Chiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Collins_(politician)" title="Chad Collins (politician)">C. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Cormier" title="Serge Cormier">Cormier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Coteau" title="Michael Coteau">Coteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Dabrusin" title="Julie Dabrusin">Dabrusin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pam_Damoff" title="Pam Damoff">Damoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukh_Dhaliwal" title="Sukh Dhaliwal">Dhaliwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anju_Dhillon" title="Anju Dhillon">Dhillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Diab" title="Lena Diab">Diab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drouin" title="Francis Drouin">Drouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Dubourg" title="Emmanuel Dubourg">Dubourg</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Duclos</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Duguid" title="Terry Duguid">Duguid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsty_Duncan" title="Kirsty Duncan">K. Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Dzerowicz" title="Julie Dzerowicz">Dzerowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Ehsassi" title="Ali Ehsassi">Ehsassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay%C3%A7al_El-Khoury" title="Fayçal El-Khoury">El-Khoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Erskine-Smith" title="Nathaniel Erskine-Smith">Erskine-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Fergus" title="Greg Fergus">Fergus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Fisher" title="Darren Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fonseca" title="Peter Fonseca">Fonseca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Fortier" title="Mona Fortier">Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fragiskatos" title="Peter Fragiskatos">Fragiskatos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sean_Fraser_(politician)" title="Sean Fraser (politician)">Fraser</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Freeland</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Fry" title="Hedy Fry">Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqwinder_Gaheer" title="Iqwinder Gaheer">Gaheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Gainey" title="Anna Gainey">Gainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Gerretsen" title="Mark Gerretsen">Gerretsen</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Karina_Gould" title="Karina Gould">Gould</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Steven_Guilbeault" title="Steven Guilbeault">Guilbeault</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Hajdu</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Hanley" title="Brendan Hanley">Hanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Hardie" title="Ken Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Hepfner" title="Lisa Hepfner">Hepfner</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mark_Holland" title="Mark Holland">Holland</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Housefather" title="Anthony Housefather">Housefather</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hussen" title="Ahmed Hussen">Hussen</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gudie_Hutchings" title="Gudie Hutchings">Hutchings</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Iacono" title="Angelo Iacono">Iacono</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marci_Ien" title="Marci Ien">Ien</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Jaczek" title="Helena Jaczek">Jaczek</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Joly</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Jones" title="Yvonne Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majid_Jowhari" title="Majid Jowhari">Jowhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arielle_Kayabaga" title="Arielle Kayabaga">Kayabaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Kelloway" title="Mike Kelloway">Kelloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqra_Khalid" title="Iqra Khalid">Khalid</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Khera" title="Kamal Khera">Khera</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Koutrakis" title="Annie Koutrakis">Koutrakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irek_Kusmierczyk" title="Irek Kusmierczyk">Kusmierczyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-France_Lalonde" title="Marie-France Lalonde">Lalonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuella_Lambropoulos" title="Emmanuella Lambropoulos">Lambropoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Lamoureux" title="Kevin Lamoureux">Lamoureux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viviane_Lapointe" title="Viviane Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Lattanzio" title="Patricia Lattanzio">Lattanzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Lauzon" title="Stéphane Lauzon">Lauzon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dominic_LeBlanc" title="Dominic LeBlanc">LeBlanc</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Diane_Lebouthillier" title="Diane Lebouthillier">Lebouthillier</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Lightbound" title="Joël Lightbound">Lightbound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Long" title="Wayne Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Longfield" title="Lloyd Longfield">Longfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Louis_(Ontario_politician)" title="Tim Louis (Ontario politician)">Louis</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath_MacDonald" title="Heath MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Steven_MacKinnon" title="Steven MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Maloney_(Canadian_politician)" title="James Maloney (Canadian politician)">Maloney</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soraya_Martinez_Ferrada" title="Soraya Martinez Ferrada">Martinez Ferrada</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_May" title="Bryan May">B. May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_McDonald_(politician)" title="Ken McDonald (politician)">McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McGuinty" title="David McGuinty">McGuinty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McKay_(politician)" title="John McKay (politician)">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_McKinnon" title="Ron McKinnon">McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McLeod_(politician)" title="Michael McLeod (politician)">McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Mend%C3%A8s" title="Alexandra Mendès">Mendès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Mendicino" title="Marco Mendicino">Mendicino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Miao" title="Wilson Miao">Miao</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marc_Miller_(politician)" title="Marc Miller (politician)">Miller</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Morrissey" title="Bobby Morrissey">Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Murray" title="Joyce Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasir_Naqvi" title="Yasir Naqvi">Naqvi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ng" title="Mary Ng">Ng</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taleeb_Noormohamed" title="Taleeb Noormohamed">Noormohamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_O%27Connell" title="Jennifer O'Connell">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">O'Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Oliphant" title="Rob Oliphant">Oliphant</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Petitpas Taylor</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Powlowski" title="Marcus Powlowski">Powlowski</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Carla_Qualtrough" title="Carla Qualtrough">Qualtrough</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Robillard" title="Yves Robillard">Robillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churence_Rogers" title="Churence Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Romanado" title="Sherry Romanado">Romanado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Rota" title="Anthony Rota">Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Sahota" title="Ruby Sahota">Sahota</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Sajjan</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ara_Saks" title="Ya'ara Saks">Saks</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrell_Samson" title="Darrell Samson">Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randeep_Sarai" title="Randeep Sarai">Sarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Scarpaleggia" title="Francis Scarpaleggia">Scarpaleggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schiefke" title="Peter Schiefke">Schiefke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Serr%C3%A9" title="Marc Serré">Serré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Sgro" title="Judy Sgro">Sgro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Shanahan_(politician)" title="Brenda Shanahan (politician)">Shanahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Sheehan" title="Terry Sheehan">Sheehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maninder_Sidhu" title="Maninder Sidhu">M. Sidhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sidhu" title="Sonia Sidhu">S. Sidhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Sorbara" title="Francesco Sorbara">Sorbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sousa" title="Charles Sousa">Sousa</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pascale_St-Onge" title="Pascale St-Onge">St-Onge</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Sudds" title="Jenna Sudds">Sudds</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Filomena_Tassi" title="Filomena Tassi">Tassi</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Taylor_Roy" title="Leah Taylor Roy">Taylor Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Thompson_(politician)" title="Joanne Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Turnbull_(politician)" title="Ryan Turnbull (politician)">Turnbull</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rechie_Valdez" title="Rechie Valdez">Valdez</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Van_Bynen" title="Tony Van Bynen">Van Bynen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_van_Koeverden" title="Adam van Koeverden">van Koeverden</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dan_Vandal" title="Dan Vandal">Vandal</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Vandenbeld" title="Anita Vandenbeld">Vandenbeld</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arif_Virani" title="Arif Virani">Virani</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Weiler" title="Patrick Weiler">Weiler</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Wilkinson" title="Jonathan Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Yip" title="Jean Yip">Yip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salma_Zahid" title="Salma Zahid">Zahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sameer_Zuberi" title="Sameer Zuberi">Zuberi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#6495ED;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservative_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Template:Conservative Party of Canada MPs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservative_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Template talk:Conservative Party of Canada MPs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative Party of Canada MPs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conservative_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Poilievre</a></b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziad_Aboultaif" title="Ziad Aboultaif">Aboultaif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Aitchison" title="Scott Aitchison">Aitchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Albas" title="Dan Albas">Albas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Allison" title="Dean Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Arnold" title="Mel Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Baldinelli" title="Tony Baldinelli">Baldinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barlow_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Barlow (Canadian politician)">Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barrett_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Barrett (Canadian politician)">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Berthold" title="Luc Berthold">Berthold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bezan" title="James Bezan">Bezan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Block" title="Kelly Block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bragdon" title="Richard Bragdon">Bragdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brassard" title="John Brassard">Brassard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Brock" title="Larry Brock">Brock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Calkins" title="Blaine Calkins">Calkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Caputo" title="Frank Caputo">Caputo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Carrie" title="Colin Carrie">Carrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Chambers_(politician)" title="Adam Chambers (politician)">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chong" title="Michael Chong">Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cooper_(politician)" title="Michael Cooper (politician)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_d%27Entremont" title="Chris d'Entremont">d'Entremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Dalton" title="Marc Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raquel_Dancho" title="Raquel Dancho">Dancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scot_Davidson" title="Scot Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Deltell" title="Gérard Deltell">Deltell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Doherty" title="Todd Doherty">Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Dowdall" title="Terry Dowdall">Dowdall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dreeshen" title="Earl Dreeshen">Dreeshen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Duncan_(politician)" title="Eric Duncan (politician)">E. Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Ellis_(politician)" title="Stephen Ellis (politician)">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Epp" title="Dave Epp">Epp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemarie_Falk" title="Rosemarie Falk">R. Falk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Falk" title="Ted Falk">T. Falk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Fast" title="Ed Fast">Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Ferreri" title="Michelle Ferreri">Ferreri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry-Lynne_Findlay" title="Kerry-Lynne Findlay">Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Gallant" title="Cheryl Gallant">Gallant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9reux" title="Bernard Généreux">Généreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnett_Genuis" title="Garnett Genuis">Genuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Gladu" title="Marilyn Gladu">Gladu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Godin" title="Joël Godin">Godin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laila_Goodridge" title="Laila Goodridge">Goodridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gourde" title="Jacques Gourde">Gourde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Gray" title="Tracy Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasraj_Hallan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasraj Hallan">Hallan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Hoback" title="Randy Hoback">Hoback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Jeneroux" title="Matt Jeneroux">Jeneroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamil_Jivani" title="Jamil Jivani">Jivani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Kelly_(politician)" title="Pat Kelly (politician)">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arpan_Khanna" title="Arpan Khanna">Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kitchen" title="Robert Kitchen">Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kmiec" title="Tom Kmiec">Kmiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kram" title="Michael Kram">Kram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Kramp-Neuman" title="Shelby Kramp-Neuman">Kramp-Neuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_Kurek" title="Damien Kurek">Kurek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kusie" title="Stephanie Kusie">Kusie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lake_(politician)" title="Mike Lake (politician)">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Lantsman" title="Melissa Lantsman">Lantsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lawrence_(politician)" title="Philip Lawrence (politician)">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lehoux" title="Richard Lehoux">Lehoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branden_Leslie" title="Branden Leslie">Leslie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Lewis_(politician)" title="Chris Lewis (politician)">C. Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslyn_Lewis" title="Leslyn Lewis">L. Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Liepert" title="Ron Liepert">Liepert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dane_Lloyd" title="Dane Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Lobb" title="Ben Lobb">Lobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Maguire" title="Larry Maguire">Maguire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuvaloy_Majumdar" title="Shuvaloy Majumdar">Majumdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Martel" title="Richard Martel">Martel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Mazier" title="Dan Mazier">Mazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_McCauley" title="Kelly McCauley">McCauley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_McLean_(politician)" title="Greg McLean (politician)">McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Melillo" title="Eric Melillo">Melillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Moore_(politician)" title="Rob Moore (politician)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Morantz" title="Marty Morantz">Morantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Morrison_(politician)" title="Rob Morrison (politician)">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Motz" title="Glen Motz">Motz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Muys" title="Dan Muys">Muys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nater" title="John Nater">Nater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Patzer" title="Jeremy Patzer">Patzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul-Hus" title="Pierre Paul-Hus">Paul-Hus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perkins" title="Rick Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Redekopp" title="Brad Redekopp">Redekopp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Reid_(politician)" title="Scott Reid (politician)">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Rempel_Garner" title="Michelle Rempel Garner">Rempel Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Richards" title="Blake Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Roberts" title="Anna Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianne_Rood" title="Lianne Rood">Rood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Ruff" title="Alex Ruff">Ruff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Scheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Schmale" title="Jamie Schmale">Schmale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Seeback" title="Kyle Seeback">Seeback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Shields" title="Martin Shields">Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Shipley" title="Doug Shipley">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Small" title="Clifford Small">Small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Soroka" title="Gerald Soroka">Soroka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Steinley" title="Warren Steinley">Steinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Stewart_(Ontario_politician)" title="Don Stewart (Ontario politician)">D. Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Stewart_(politician)" title="Jake Stewart (politician)">J. Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Strahl" title="Mark Strahl">Strahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Stubbs" title="Shannon Stubbs">Stubbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachael_Thomas" title="Rachael Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Tochor" title="Corey Tochor">Tochor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Tolmie" title="Fraser Tolmie">Tolmie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Uppal" title="Tim Uppal">Uppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tako_van_Popta" title="Tako van Popta">van Popta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Vecchio" title="Karen Vecchio">Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Vidal" title="Gary Vidal">Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Vien" title="Dominique Vien">Vien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Viersen" title="Arnold Viersen">Viersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Vis" title="Brad Vis">Vis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathay_Wagantall" title="Cathay Wagantall">Wagantall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Warkentin" title="Chris Warkentin">Warkentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Waugh" title="Kevin Waugh">Waugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Webber" title="Len Webber">Webber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Williams_(Canadian_politician)" title="Ryan Williams (Canadian politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williamson_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Williamson (Canadian politician)">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Zimmer" title="Bob Zimmer">Zimmer</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Official_party_status" title="Official party status">Recognized parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#87CEFA;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_MPs" title="Template:Bloc Québécois MPs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_MPs" title="Template talk:Bloc Québécois MPs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_MPs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bloc Québécois MPs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bloc_Québécois" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Blanchet</a></b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Barsalou-Duval" title="Xavier Barsalou-Duval">Barsalou-Duval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu" title="Mario Beaulieu">Beaulieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Bergeron" title="Stéphane Bergeron">Bergeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvie_B%C3%A9rub%C3%A9" title="Sylvie Bérubé">Bérubé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Blanchette-Joncas" title="Maxime Blanchette-Joncas">Blanchette-Joncas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Brunelle-Duceppe" title="Alexis Brunelle-Duceppe">Brunelle-Duceppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Chabot" title="Louise Chabot">Chabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Champoux" title="Martin Champoux">Champoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_DeBellefeuille" title="Claude DeBellefeuille">DeBellefeuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Desbiens" title="Caroline Desbiens">Desbiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Desilets" title="Luc Desilets">Desilets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin" title="Rhéal Fortin">Fortin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Denis_Garon" title="Jean-Denis Garon">Garon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Gaudreau" title="Marie-Hélène Gaudreau">Gaudreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maril%C3%A8ne_Gill" title="Marilène Gill">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9anne_Larouche" title="Andréanne Larouche">Larouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Lemire" title="Sébastien Lemire">Lemire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristina_Michaud" title="Kristina Michaud">Michaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Normandin" title="Christine Normandin">Normandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_Pauz%C3%A9" title="Monique Pauzé">Pauzé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Perron" title="Yves Perron">Perron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Plamondon" title="Louis Plamondon">Plamondon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_Sauv%C3%A9" title="Louis-Philippe Sauvé">Sauvé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon-Pierre_Savard-Tremblay" title="Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay">Savard-Tremblay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Simard" title="Mario Simard">Simard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Sinclair-Desgagn%C3%A9" title="Nathalie Sinclair-Desgagné">Sinclair-Desgagné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Ste-Marie" title="Gabriel Ste-Marie">Ste-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Th%C3%A9riault" title="Luc Thériault">Thériault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Therrien" title="Alain Therrien">Therrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Trudel" title="Denis Trudel">Trudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Vignola" title="Julie Vignola">Vignola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Villemure" title="René Villemure">Villemure</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#F4A460;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Democratic_Party_MPs" title="Template:New Democratic Party MPs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Democratic_Party_MPs" title="Template talk:New Democratic Party MPs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Democratic_Party_MPs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Democratic Party MPs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Singh</a></b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Angus" title="Charlie Angus">Angus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Ashton" title="Niki Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Bachrach" title="Taylor Bachrach">Bachrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Marie_Barron" title="Lisa Marie Barron">Barron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Blaney" title="Rachel Blaney">Blaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Boulerice" title="Alexandre Boulerice">Boulerice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cannings_(British_Columbia_politician)" title="Richard Cannings (British Columbia politician)">Cannings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Collins" title="Laurel Collins">L. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Dance" title="Leila Dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Davies" title="Don Davies">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Desjarlais" title="Blake Desjarlais">Desjarlais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Garrison" title="Randall Garrison">Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Gazan" title="Leah Gazan">Gazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Green_(Canadian_politician)" title="Matthew Green (Canadian politician)">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Hughes_(politician)" title="Carol Hughes (politician)">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Idlout" title="Lori Idlout">Idlout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gord_Johns" title="Gord Johns">Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Julian" title="Peter Julian">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Kwan" title="Jenny Kwan">Kwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_MacGregor" title="Alistair MacGregor">MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Masse" title="Brian Masse">Masse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Mathyssen" title="Lindsay Mathyssen">Mathyssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_McPherson_(politician)" title="Heather McPherson (politician)">McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonita_Zarrillo" title="Bonita Zarrillo">Zarrillo</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties/groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#99C955;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Green_MPs" title="Template:Green MPs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Green_MPs" title="Template talk:Green MPs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Green_MPs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Green MPs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Green_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">E. May</a></b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Morrice" title="Mike Morrice">Morrice</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#DCDCDC;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Independent_MPs_in_Canada" title="Template:Independent MPs in Canada"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Independent_MPs_in_Canada" title="Template talk:Independent MPs in Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Independent_MPs_in_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Independent MPs in Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Independent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Independent</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Dong_(politician)" title="Han Dong (politician)">Dong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Rayes" title="Alain Rayes">Rayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Rodriguez_(Canadian_politician)" title="Pablo Rodriguez (Canadian politician)">Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Vuong" title="Kevin Vuong">Vuong</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/44th_Canadian_Parliament" title="44th Canadian Parliament">44th Canadian Parliament</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_transport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Transport" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Transport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Transport" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Transport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Transport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Transport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Transport_(Canada)" title="Minister of Transport (Canada)">Ministers of transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Railways_and_Canals_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Railways and Canals (Canada)">Ministers of Railways and Canals</a> (1879–1936)<sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Pope" title="John Henry Pope">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graham_Haggart" title="John Graham Haggart">Haggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Aldric_Ouimet" title="Joseph-Aldric Ouimet">Ouimet</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graham_Haggart" title="John Graham Haggart">Haggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_George_Blair" title="Andrew George Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stevens_Fielding" title="William Stevens Fielding">Fielding</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Emmerson" title="Henry Emmerson">Emmerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stevens_Fielding" title="William Stevens Fielding">Fielding</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cochrane" title="Francis Cochrane">Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dowsley_Reid" title="John Dowsley Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Stewart_(politician)" title="John Alexander Stewart (politician)">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Costello_Kennedy" title="William Costello Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Avery_Dunning" title="Charles Avery Dunning">Dunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lumley_Drayton" title="Henry Lumley Drayton">Drayton</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Anderson_Black" title="William Anderson Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Avery_Dunning" title="Charles Avery Dunning">Dunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crerar" title="Thomas Crerar">Crerar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_James_Manion" title="Robert James Manion">Manion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Howe" title="C. D. Howe">Howe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Marine (1930–36)<sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cardin" title="Arthur Cardin">Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Duranleau" title="Alfred Duranleau">Duranleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Henri_Gendron" title="Lucien Henri Gendron">Gendron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Howe" title="C. D. Howe">Howe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Transport_(Canada)" title="Minister of Transport (Canada)">Ministers of Transport</a> (1936–2006)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Howe" title="C. D. Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cardin" title="Arthur Cardin">Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Howe" title="C. D. Howe">Howe</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Enoil_Michaud" title="Joseph-Enoil Michaud">Michaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Chevrier" title="Lionel Chevrier">Chevrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Carlyle_Marler" title="George Carlyle Marler">Marler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hees" title="George Hees">Hees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Balcer" title="Léon Balcer">Balcer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McIlraith" title="George McIlraith">McIlraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pickersgill" title="Jack Pickersgill">Pickersgill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hellyer" title="Paul Hellyer">Hellyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Armstrong_Richardson" title="James Armstrong Richardson">Richardson</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Jamieson_(politician)" title="Don Jamieson (politician)">Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Marchand" title="Jean Marchand">Marchand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Lang" title="Otto Lang">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Mazankowski" title="Don Mazankowski">Mazankowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Pépin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Axworthy" title="Lloyd Axworthy">Axworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Mazankowski" title="Don Mazankowski">Mazankowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosbie" title="John Crosbie">Crosbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Bouchard" title="Benoît Bouchard">Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Lewis_(politician)" title="Doug Lewis (politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Corbeil" title="Jean Corbeil">Corbeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Young_(politician)" title="Doug Young (politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Anderson_(British_Columbia_politician)" title="David Anderson (British Columbia politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Collenette" title="David Collenette">Collenette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Valeri" title="Tony Valeri">Valeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lapierre" title="Jean Lapierre">Lapierre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Transport, Infrastructure and Communities (2006–15)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Cannon" title="Lawrence Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Strahl" title="Chuck Strahl">Strahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Lebel" title="Denis Lebel">Lebel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Transport_(Canada)" title="Minister of Transport (Canada)">Ministers of Transport</a> (2015–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Raitt" title="Lisa Raitt">Raitt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Garneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Alghabra" title="Omar Alghabra">Alghabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Rodriguez_(Canadian_politician)" title="Pablo Rodriguez (Canadian politician)">Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup>The offices of Minister of Marine and Minister of Railways and Canals were abolished and the office of Minister of Transport was created in 1936<br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_foreign_affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Foreign Affairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Foreign Affairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Foreign Affairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_foreign_affairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Ministers of foreign affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries of state for external affairs (1909–83)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murphy_(Canadian_politician)" title="Charles Murphy (Canadian politician)">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James_Roche" title="William James Roche">Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Earle_Smith" title="Sidney Earle Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Charles_Green" title="Howard Charles Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin_Sr." title="Paul Martin Sr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Sharp" title="Mitchell Sharp">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_MacEachen" title="Allan MacEachen">MacEachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Jamieson_(politician)" title="Don Jamieson (politician)">Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_MacDonald_(politician)" title="Flora MacDonald (politician)">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_MacGuigan" title="Mark MacGuigan">MacGuigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of external affairs (1983–95)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan_MacEachen" title="Allan MacEachen">MacEachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McDougall" title="Barbara McDougall">McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_Beatty" title="Perrin Beatty">Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">Ouellet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of foreign affairs (1995–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">Ouellet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Axworthy" title="Lloyd Axworthy">Axworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Manley" title="John Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(Canadian_politician)" title="Bill Graham (Canadian politician)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pettigrew" title="Pierre Pettigrew">Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Bernier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Emerson" title="David Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Cannon" title="Lawrence Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Fast" title="Ed Fast">Fast</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Freeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">Champagne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Garneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Joly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_international_trade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_for_International_Trade" title="Template:CA-Ministers for International Trade"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_for_International_Trade" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers for International Trade"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_for_International_Trade" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers for International Trade"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_international_trade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_International_Trade_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of International Trade (Canada)">Ministers of international trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Trade and Commerce (1892–1969)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Mackenzie Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bullock_Ives" title="William Bullock Ives">William Bullock Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costigan" title="John Costigan">John Costigan</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bullock_Ives" title="William Bullock Ives">William Bullock Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Cartwright" title="Richard John Cartwright">Richard John Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eulas_Foster" title="George Eulas Foster">George Eulas Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Henry Herbert Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">James Alexander Robb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Andrew_Low" title="Thomas Andrew Low">Thomas Andrew Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">James Alexander Robb</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Henry Herbert Stevens</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dew_Chaplin" title="James Dew Chaplin">James Dew Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Malcolm_(politician)" title="James Malcolm (politician)">James Malcolm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Henry Herbert Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hanson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Richard Hanson (Canadian politician)">Richard Burpee Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daum_Euler" title="William Daum Euler">William Daum Euler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Angus_MacKinnon" title="James Angus MacKinnon">James Angus MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Howe" title="C. D. Howe">Clarence Decatur Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Churchill" title="Gordon Churchill">Gordon Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hees" title="George Hees">George Harris Hees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Wallace_McCutcheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Wallace McCutcheon">Malcolm Wallace McCutcheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Sharp" title="Mitchell Sharp">Mitchell William Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Winters" title="Robert Winters">Robert Henry Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Charles Mills Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Industry (1963–69)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Charles Mills Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Industry, Trade and Commerce (1969–83)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Gillespie" title="Alastair Gillespie">Alastair William Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Jamieson_(politician)" title="Don Jamieson (politician)">Donald Campbell Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Horner_(politician)" title="Jack Horner (politician)">John Henry Horner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Cotret" title="Robert de Cotret">Robert de Cotret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Gray" title="Herb Gray">Herbert Eser Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lumley" title="Ed Lumley">Edward Lumley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of State for International Trade (1979–80)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Michael Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of State (Trade) (1980–82)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lumley" title="Ed Lumley">Edward Lumley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State (International Trade) (1982–83)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lumley" title="Ed Lumley">Edward Lumley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Regan" title="Gerald Regan">Gerald Regan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of International Trade (1983–2018)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Regan" title="Gerald Regan">Gerald Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fox" title="Francis Fox">Francis Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kelleher" title="James Kelleher">James Francis Kelleher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Carney" title="Pat Carney">Patricia Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosbie" title="John Crosbie">John Carnell Crosbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Michael Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hockin" title="Tom Hockin">Thomas Hockin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_MacLaren_(politician)" title="Roy MacLaren (politician)">Roy MacLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Eggleton" title="Art Eggleton">Art Eggleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Marchi_(politician)" title="Sergio Marchi (politician)">Sergio Marchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pettigrew" title="Pierre Pettigrew">Pierre Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Peterson" title="Jim Peterson">Jim Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Emerson" title="David Emerson">David Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fortier" title="Michael Fortier">Michael Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Fast" title="Ed Fast">Ed Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">François-Philippe Champagne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of International Trade Diversification (2018–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Carr" title="Jim Carr">Jim Carr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canadian_Space_Agency" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Template:Canadian Space Agency"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Template talk:Canadian Space Agency"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian Space Agency"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadian_Space_Agency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canadian astronauts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hansen" title="Jeremy Hansen">Jeremy Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Saint-Jacques" title="David Saint-Jacques">David Saint-Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenni_Sidey-Gibbons" title="Jenni Sidey-Gibbons">Jenni Sidey-Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Kutryk" title="Joshua Kutryk">Joshua Kutryk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marc Garneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Bondar" title="Roberta Bondar">Roberta Bondar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_MacLean_(astronaut)" title="Steve MacLean (astronaut)">Steven MacLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hadfield" title="Chris Hadfield">Chris Hadfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Thirsk" title="Robert Thirsk">Robert Thirsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjarni_Tryggvason" title="Bjarni Tryggvason">Bjarni Tryggvason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafydd_Williams" title="Dafydd Williams">Dafydd Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Payette" title="Julie Payette">Julie Payette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McKay_(astronaut)" title="Michael McKay (astronaut)">Michael McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Money" title="Ken Money">Ken Money</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alouette_1" title="Alouette 1">Alouette 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alouette_2" title="Alouette 2">Alouette 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anik_(satellite)" title="Anik (satellite)">Anik series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRITE" title="BRITE">BRITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASSIOPE" title="CASSIOPE">CASSIOPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Technology_Satellite" title="Communications Technology Satellite">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_(satellite)" title="ISIS (satellite)">ISIS 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_(satellite)" title="ISIS (satellite)">ISIS 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Monitoring_and_Messaging_Microsatellite" title="Maritime Monitoring and Messaging Microsatellite">M3MSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOST (satellite)">MOST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSAT" title="MSAT">MSAT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Object_Surveillance_Satellite" title="Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite">NEOSSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimiq" title="Nimiq">Nimiq series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radarsat-1" title="Radarsat-1">RADARSAT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radarsat-2" title="Radarsat-2">RADARSAT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RADARSAT_Constellation" title="RADARSAT Constellation">RADARSAT Constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCISAT-1" title="SCISAT-1">SCISAT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_(satellite)" title="Sapphire (satellite)">Sapphire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other space technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Brant_(rocket)" title="Black Brant (rocket)">Black Brant rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadarm" title="Canadarm">Canadarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Servicing_System" title="Mobile Servicing System">Canadarm2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextre" title="Dextre">Dextre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Guidance_Sensor_and_Near_Infrared_Imager_and_Slitless_Spectrograph" title="Fine Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph">FGS/NIRISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOPITT" title="MOPITT">MOPITT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin-OSIRIS" title="Odin-OSIRIS">OSIRIS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Chapman_Space_Centre" title="John H. Chapman Space Centre">John H. Chapman Space Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Florida_Laboratory" title="David Florida Laboratory">David Florida Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_Place_Research_Park" title="Innovation Place Research Park">Saskatoon CSA Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contractors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COM_DEV_International" class="mw-redirect" title="COM DEV International">COM DEV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDonald,_Dettwiler_and_Associates" class="mw-redirect" title="MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates">MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates</a> (<a href="/wiki/MDA_Space_Missions" class="mw-redirect" title="MDA Space Missions">MDA Space Missions</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spar_Aerospace" title="Spar Aerospace">Spar Aerospace</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellan_Aerospace" title="Magellan Aerospace">Magellan Aerospace</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bristol_Aerospace" title="Bristol Aerospace">Bristol Aerospace</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesat" title="Telesat">Telesat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Geospace_Monitoring" title="Canadian Geospace Monitoring">Canadian Geospace Monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Research_Centre_Canada" title="Communications Research Centre Canada">Communications Research Centre Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Canada" title="Defence Research and Development Canada">Defence Research and Development Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (Canada)">National Research Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">ISRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_National_Space_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish National Space Board">SNSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Satellite_TV" title="Bell Satellite TV">Bell Satellite TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Rocket_Research_Range" title="Churchill Rocket Research Range">Churchill Rocket Research Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Direct" title="Shaw Direct">Shaw Direct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA_Astronaut_Group_14,_&quot;The_Hogs&quot;,_1992_20px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Group_14" title="Template:NASA Astronaut Group 14"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_Astronaut_Group_14" title="Template talk:NASA Astronaut Group 14"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Group_14" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA Astronaut Group 14"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA_Astronaut_Group_14,_&quot;The_Hogs&quot;,_1992_20px" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_14" title="NASA Astronaut Group 14">NASA Astronaut Group 14, "The Hogs", 1992</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Astronaut_Group_14_patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NASA_Astronaut_Group_14_patch.png/20px-NASA_Astronaut_Group_14_patch.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NASA_Astronaut_Group_14_patch.png/30px-NASA_Astronaut_Group_14_patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NASA_Astronaut_Group_14_patch.png/40px-NASA_Astronaut_Group_14_patch.png 2x" data-file-width="1958" data-file-height="1958" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_13" title="NASA Astronaut Group 13">NASA Astronaut Group 13</a> ← NASA Astronaut Group 14 → <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_15" title="NASA Astronaut Group 15">NASA Astronaut Group 15</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scott_J._Horowitz" title="Scott J. Horowitz">Scott J. Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_W._Jett,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Brent W. Jett, Jr.">Brent Jett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_R._Kregel" title="Kevin R. Kregel">Kevin Kregel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Rominger" title="Kent Rominger">Kent Rominger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mission specialists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_T._Barry" title="Daniel T. Barry">Daniel T. Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Brady,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Charles E. Brady, Jr.">Charles Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Coleman" title="Catherine Coleman">Catherine Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Gernhardt" title="Michael L. Gernhardt">Michael Gernhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Grunsfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="John Grunsfeld">John Grunsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_B._Lawrence" title="Wendy B. Lawrence">Wendy Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_M._Linenger" title="Jerry M. Linenger">Jerry Linenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Linnehan" title="Richard M. Linnehan">Richard Linnehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L%C3%B3pez-Alegr%C3%ADa" title="Michael López-Alegría">Michael López-Alegría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_E._Parazynski" title="Scott E. Parazynski">Scott E. Parazynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_E._Scott" title="Winston E. Scott">Winston Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Smith_(astronaut)" title="Steven Smith (astronaut)">Steven Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Tanner" title="Joseph R. Tanner">Joseph Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Thomas" title="Andy Thomas">Andy Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_E._Weber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary E. Weber">Mary Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International<br />mission specialists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marc Garneau</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hadfield" title="Chris Hadfield">Chris Hadfield</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Cheli" title="Maurizio Cheli">Maurizio Cheli</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Clervoy" title="Jean-François Clervoy">Jean-François Clervoy</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koichi_Wakata" title="Koichi Wakata">Koichi Wakata</a> (Japan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Template:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Template talk:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="*_NASA_Astronaut_Groups_*_NASA_Astronaut_Corps" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps#Selection_groups" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Corps</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_2" title="NASA Astronaut Group 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_3" title="NASA Astronaut Group 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_4" title="NASA Astronaut Group 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_5" title="NASA Astronaut Group 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_6" title="NASA Astronaut Group 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_7" title="NASA Astronaut Group 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="NASA Astronaut Group 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_9" title="NASA Astronaut Group 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_10" title="NASA Astronaut Group 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_11" title="NASA Astronaut Group 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_12" title="NASA Astronaut Group 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_13" title="NASA Astronaut Group 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_14" title="NASA Astronaut Group 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_15" title="NASA Astronaut Group 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_16" title="NASA Astronaut Group 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_17" title="NASA Astronaut Group 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_18" title="NASA Astronaut Group 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_19" title="NASA Astronaut Group 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_20" title="NASA Astronaut Group 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_21" title="NASA Astronaut Group 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_22" title="NASA Astronaut Group 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_23" title="NASA Astronaut Group 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_24" title="NASA Astronaut Group 24">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">List of astronauts by year of selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Astronaut ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_astronauts" title="List of United States Marine Corps astronauts">List of United States Marine Corps astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Space_Force_astronauts" title="List of United States Space Force astronauts">List of United States Space Force astronauts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q703321#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q703321#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q703321#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89104463">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb179611055">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb179611055">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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