CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Justin Trudeau - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"cff916b6-8d52-4468-9e13-687152c01955","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Justin_Trudeau","wgTitle":"Justin Trudeau","wgCurRevisionId":1258907696,"wgRevisionId":1258907696,"wgArticleId":451733,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Pages with French IPA","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: unfit URL","CS1 Canadian French-language sources (fr-ca)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Use Canadian English from May 2021","All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English", "Use mdy dates from July 2023","Articles with hAudio microformats","Articles containing French-language text","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Spoken articles","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Justin Trudeau","1971 births","Anglophone Quebec people","Canadian feminists","Canadian people of Anglo-Irish descent","Canadian people of English descent","Canadian people of French descent","Canadian people of Indonesian descent","Canadian people of Malaysian descent","Canadian people of Scottish descent","Canadian Roman Catholics","Canadian schoolteachers","Catholic feminists","Children of prime ministers of Canada","Franco-Ontarian people","Leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada","Liberal Party of Canada leadership candidates","Liberal Party of Canada MPs","Living people","Male feminists","McGill University alumni","Members of the 29th Canadian Ministry","Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec", "Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada","Pierre Trudeau","Politicians from Montreal","Politicians from Ottawa","Prime ministers of Canada","Trudeau family","University of British Columbia Faculty of Education alumni","21st-century members of the House of Commons of Canada"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Justin_Trudeau","wgRelevantArticleId":451733,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3099714","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready" ,"skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Prime_Minister_Trudeau%27s_message_on_Christmas_2023_%280m29s%29_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1601"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Prime_Minister_Trudeau%27s_message_on_Christmas_2023_%280m29s%29_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Prime_Minister_Trudeau%27s_message_on_Christmas_2023_%280m29s%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-Prime_Minister_Trudeau%27s_message_on_Christmas_2023_%280m29s%29_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="854"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Justin Trudeau - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Justin_Trudeau rootpage-Justin_Trudeau skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Justin+Trudeau" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Justin+Trudeau" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Justin+Trudeau" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Justin+Trudeau" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancestry_and_birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry_and_birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Ancestry and birth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry_and_birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Childhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Childhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Childhood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_and_early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_and_early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 University and early career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_and_early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Advocacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_beginnings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_beginnings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Political beginnings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_beginnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition,_2008–2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition,_2008–2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Opposition, 2008–2015 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opposition,_2008–2015-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Opposition, 2008–2015 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Opposition,_2008–2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leader_of_the_Liberal_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_the_Liberal_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Leader of the Liberal Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_the_Liberal_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Earlier_speculation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earlier_speculation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Earlier speculation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earlier_speculation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013_leadership_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_leadership_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 2013 leadership election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_leadership_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leadership,_2013–2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership,_2013–2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2.1 Leadership, 2013–2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership,_2013–2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015_federal_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015_federal_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 2015 federal election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015_federal_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister_of_Canada_(2015–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister_of_Canada_(2015–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Prime Minister of Canada (2015–present) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_Minister_of_Canada_(2015–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Prime Minister of Canada (2015–present) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister_of_Canada_(2015–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic_matters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_matters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Domestic matters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_matters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 COVID-19 pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_Convoy_and_Emergencies_Act_invocation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_Convoy_and_Emergencies_Act_invocation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Freedom Convoy and Emergencies Act invocation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freedom_Convoy_and_Emergencies_Act_invocation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_record_and_government_formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_record_and_government_formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Electoral record and government formation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_record_and_government_formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2019_federal_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_federal_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 2019 federal election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_federal_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021_federal_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021_federal_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 2021 federal election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021_federal_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confidence_and_supply_agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confidence_and_supply_agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3 Confidence and supply agreement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confidence_and_supply_agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Ethics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SNC-Lavalin_affair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SNC-Lavalin_affair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 SNC-Lavalin affair </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SNC-Lavalin_affair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-WE_Charity_investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WE_Charity_investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 WE Charity investigation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-WE_Charity_investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Policies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Policies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Policies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Domestic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Electoral record </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Published works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Justin Trudeau</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 112 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" > 112 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جاستن ترودو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاستن ترودو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castin_Tr%C3%BCdo" title="Castin Trüdo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Castin Trüdo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جاستين ترودو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جاستين ترودو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B" title="জাস্টিন ট্রুডো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাস্টিন ট্রুডো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Джасцін Трудо – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джасцін Трудо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="जस्टिन ट्रूडो – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जस्टिन ट्रूडो" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Джъстин Трюдо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джъстин Трюдо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8E" title="Τζάστιν Τρυντώ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζάστιν Τρυντώ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جاستین ترودو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جاستین ترودو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B" title="જસ્ટિન ટ્રુડો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જસ્ટિન ટ્રુડો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A5%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%B1_%ED%8A%B8%EB%A4%BC%EB%8F%84" title="쥐스탱 트뤼도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쥐스탱 트뤼도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B9%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%B8" title="Ջասթին Թրյուդո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջասթին Թրյուդո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="जस्टिन ट्रूडो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जस्टिन ट्रूडो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="ג'סטין טרודו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'סטין טרודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D" title="ჯასტინ ტრიუდო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯასტინ ტრიუდო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iustinus_Trudeau" title="Iustinus Trudeau – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iustinus Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDist%C4%93ns_Trido" title="Žistēns Trido – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žistēns Trido" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B" title="ജസ്റ്റിൻ ട്രൂഡോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജസ്റ്റിൻ ട്രൂഡോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B" title="जस्टिन त्रूदो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जस्टिन त्रूदो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D" title="ჯასტინ ტრიუდო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯასტინ ტრიუდო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جاستن ترودو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاستن ترودو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جاستین ترودو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جاستین ترودو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Жастин Трюдо – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жастин Трюдо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျက်စတင် ထရူးဒိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျက်စတင် ထရူးဒိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="जस्टिन ट्रुडो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जस्टिन ट्रुडो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC" title="ジャスティン・トルドー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャスティン・トルドー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8B" title="ਜਸਟਿਨ ਟਰੂਡੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਸਟਿਨ ਟਰੂਡੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86_%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88%D9%88" title="جسٹن ٹروڈو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جسٹن ٹروڈو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جاستن ترودو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جاستن ترودو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Трюдо, Джастин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Трюдо, Джастин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%88" title="جەستن تروودۆو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەستن تروودۆو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Џастин Трудо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џастин Трудо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B" title="ஜஸ்டின் துரூடோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜஸ்டின் துரூடோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Җастин Трүдо – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җастин Трүдо" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94" title="จัสติน ทรูโด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จัสติน ทรูโด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Джастін Трюдо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джастін Трюдо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86_%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88%D9%88" title="جسٹن ٹروڈو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جسٹن ٹروڈو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BB%B7%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E9%B2%81%E5%A4%9A" title="贾斯廷·特鲁多 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="贾斯廷·特鲁多" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%90" title="זשוסטען טרודא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זשוסטען טרודא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E9%AD%AF%E5%A4%9A" title="朱斯坦·杜魯多 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="朱斯坦·杜魯多" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEast%C4%97ns_Trudo" title="Džastėns Trudo – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Džastėns Trudo" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%80%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E9%AD%AF%E5%A4%9A" title="賈斯汀·杜魯多 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="賈斯汀·杜魯多" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Justin Trudeau" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3099714#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Justin_Trudeau" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Trudeau&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Trudeau&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Trudeau&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Trudeau&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Justin_Trudeau" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Justin_Trudeau" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Trudeau&oldid=1258907696" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Trudeau&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Justin_Trudeau&id=1258907696&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJustin_Trudeau">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJustin_Trudeau">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Justin_Trudeau&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Trudeau&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Justin_Trudeau" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Justin_Trudeau" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Justin_Trudeau" hreflang="en">Wikisource</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3099714" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau_Recorded_by_Viktor_O_Ledenyov.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of Canada since 2015</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Justin Trudeau</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">MP</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Trudeau%27s_message_on_Christmas_2023_(0m29s)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Prime_Minister_Trudeau%27s_message_on_Christmas_2023_%280m29s%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Trudeau%27s_message_on_Christmas_2023_%280m29s%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Prime_Minister_Trudeau%27s_message_on_Christmas_2023_%280m29s%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Trudeau%27s_message_on_Christmas_2023_%280m29s%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Prime_Minister_Trudeau%27s_message_on_Christmas_2023_%280m29s%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister_Trudeau%27s_message_on_Christmas_2023_%280m29s%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1067" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Trudeau in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">23rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office November 4, 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarchs</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governors General</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Johnston_(governor_general)" title="David Johnston (governor general)">David Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Payette" title="Julie Payette">Julie Payette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Simon" title="Mary Simon">Mary Simon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Canada">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a> (2019–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Intergovernmental_Affairs_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs (Canada)">Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and Youth</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office November 4, 2015 – July 18, 2018</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Lebel" title="Denis Lebel">Denis Lebel</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dominic_LeBlanc" title="Dominic LeBlanc">Dominic LeBlanc</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[b]</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada">Leader of the Liberal Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office April 14, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Ralph Goodale</a> (2013–2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a> (interim)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Papineau_(electoral_district)" title="Papineau (electoral district)">Papineau</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office October 14, 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Barbot" title="Vivian Barbot">Vivian Barbot</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Justin Pierre James Trudeau</div> (1971-12-25) December 25, 1971 (age 52) <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Gr%C3%A9goire_Trudeau" title="Sophie Grégoire Trudeau">Sophie Grégoire</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>2005; <abbr title="separated">sep.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">2023)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> (father)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Trudeau" title="Margaret Trudeau">Margaret Sinclair</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trudeau_family" title="Trudeau family">Trudeau family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residences</th><td class="infobox-data label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rideau_Cottage" title="Rideau Cottage">Rideau Cottage</a> (primary)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_Lake" title="Harrington Lake">Harrington Lake</a> (seasonal)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Education" title="Bachelor of Education">BEd</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_de_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="École Polytechnique de Montréal">École Polytechnique de Montréal</a> (no degree)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>teacher</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">CA$406,200 (2024)<a href="#cite_note-salary-3">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_Justin_Trudeau.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Justin Trudeau's signature"><img alt="Vectorized signature of Justin Trudeau." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Signature_Justin_Trudeau.svg/128px-Signature_Justin_Trudeau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Signature_Justin_Trudeau.svg/192px-Signature_Justin_Trudeau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Signature_Justin_Trudeau.svg/256px-Signature_Justin_Trudeau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="105" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pm.gc.ca">Government website</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberal.ca/rt-hon-justin-trudeau/">Party website</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau_voice.ogg" title="File:Justin Trudeau voice.ogg">Justin Trudeau's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="88" data-mwtitle="Justin_Trudeau_voice.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/Justin_Trudeau_voice.ogg/Justin_Trudeau_voice.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Justin_Trudeau_voice.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Trudeau celebrating Canada Day Recorded July 1, 2018</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Justin Pierre James Trudeau<a href="#cite_note-4">[c]</a> (born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who has been serving as the 23rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">prime minister of Canada</a> since 2015 and the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a> since 2013. Trudeau was born in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, and attended <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Jean-de-Br%C3%A9beuf" title="Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf">Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf</a>. He graduated from <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> in 1994 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in literature, then in 1998 acquired a Bachelor of Education degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>. After graduating, he taught at the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary school</a> level in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, before relocating back to Montreal in 2002 to further his studies. He was chair for the youth charity <a href="/wiki/Katimavik" title="Katimavik">Katimavik</a> and director of the not-for-profit <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Avalanche_Association" title="Canadian Avalanche Association">Canadian Avalanche Association</a>. In 2006, he was appointed as chair of the Liberal Party's Task Force on Youth Renewal. In the <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 federal election</a>, he was elected to represent the riding of <a href="/wiki/Papineau_(electoral_district)" title="Papineau (electoral district)">Papineau</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>. He was the Liberal Party's <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition critic</a> for youth and multiculturalism in 2009; the following year, he became critic for citizenship and immigration. In 2011, he was appointed as a critic for secondary education and sport. In 2013, Trudeau <a href="/wiki/2013_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">was elected</a> as leader of the Liberal Party, and led the party to a <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a>. Trudeau was the second-youngest <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">prime minister in Canadian history</a> when he took office and the first to be the child of a previous holder of the post, as the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a>. Major government initiatives he undertook during his first term included establishing the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Child_Benefit" title="Canada Child Benefit">Canada Child Benefit</a>, legalizing <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Canada" title="Euthanasia in Canada">medical assistance in dying</a>, legalizing recreational marijuana through the <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Act" title="Cannabis Act">Cannabis Act</a>; attempting Senate appointment reform by establishing the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Advisory_Board_for_Senate_Appointments" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments">Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments</a> and establishing the <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gas_Pollution_Pricing_Act" title="Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act">federal carbon tax</a>. In foreign policy, Trudeau's government negotiated trade deals such as the <a href="/wiki/Canada-United_States-Mexico_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement">Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement</a> (CUSMA) and the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a>, and signed the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> on climate change. He was sanctioned by Canada's <a href="/wiki/Ethics_Commissioner_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethics Commissioner of Canada">ethics commissioner</a> for violating <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_interest" title="Conflict of interest">conflict of interest</a> rules regarding the <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_affair" title="Aga Khan affair">Aga Khan affair</a>, and later again with the <a href="/wiki/SNC-Lavalin_affair" title="SNC-Lavalin affair">SNC-Lavalin affair</a>. Trudeau's Liberal Party was reduced to a <a href="/wiki/Minority_governments_in_Canada" title="Minority governments in Canada">minority government</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 federal election</a>. His government responded to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, announced an <a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Canada" title="Firearms regulation in Canada">"assault-style" weapons ban</a> in response to the <a href="/wiki/2020_Nova_Scotia_attacks" title="2020 Nova Scotia attacks">2020 Nova Scotia attacks</a>, and launched a national $10-a-day <a href="/wiki/Child_care_in_Canada" title="Child care in Canada">child care</a> program. He was investigated for a third time by the ethics commissioner for his part in the <a href="/wiki/WE_Charity_scandal" title="WE Charity scandal">WE Charity scandal</a>, but was cleared of wrongdoing. In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 federal election</a>, he led the Liberals to another minority government. In 2022, he invoked the <a href="/wiki/Emergencies_Act" title="Emergencies Act">Emergencies Act</a> in response to the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Convoy_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom Convoy 2022">Freedom Convoy protests</a> and responded to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> by imposing sanctions on <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and authorizing military aid to <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. His party signed a <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence and supply</a> agreement with the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a> (NDP) in early 2022, which resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Dental_Care_Plan" title="Canadian Dental Care Plan">Canadian Dental Care Plan</a> for residents that meet a certain income threshold and a framework for national <a href="/wiki/Pharmacare" title="Pharmacare">pharmacare</a>; in late 2024, the NDP opted to terminate the agreement. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestry_and_birth">Ancestry and birth</h3></div> On June 23, 1971, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_(Canada)" title="Office of the Prime Minister (Canada)">Prime Minister's Office</a> (PMO) announced that Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a>'s wife of four months, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Trudeau" title="Margaret Trudeau">Margaret Trudeau</a> (née Sinclair),<a href="#cite_note-5">[2]</a> was pregnant and due in December.<a href="#cite_note-6">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[4]</a> Justin Trudeau was born on December 25, 1971, at 9:27 pm <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Civic_Hospital" title="Ottawa Civic Hospital">Ottawa Civic Hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[5]</a> He is the second child in Canadian history to be born to a prime minister in office; the first was <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a>'s daughter Margaret Mary Theodora Macdonald (February 8, 1869 – January 28, 1933). Trudeau's younger brothers <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Trudeau" title="Alexandre Trudeau">Alexandre</a> (Sacha) (born December 25, 1973) and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Trudeau" title="Michel Trudeau">Michel</a> (October 2, 1975 – November 13, 1998) were the third and fourth.<a href="#cite_note-9">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-English2007-10">[7]</a> Trudeau is predominantly of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Canadian">Scottish</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French Canadian</a> descent.<a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a> His grandfathers were businessman <a href="/wiki/Charles-%C3%89mile_Trudeau" title="Charles-Émile Trudeau">Charles-Émile Trudeau</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a> and Scottish-born <a href="/wiki/James_Sinclair_(politician)" title="James Sinclair (politician)">James Sinclair</a>,<a href="#cite_note-surprised_wedding-13">[10]</a> who was <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Fisheries_and_Oceans_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada)">minister of fisheries</a> in the cabinet of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">Louis St. Laurent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a> Trudeau's maternal great-grandfather Thomas Bernard was born in <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a>, Indonesia<a href="#cite_note-mother-15">[12]</a> and immigrated to <a href="/wiki/Penticton" title="Penticton">Penticton, British Columbia</a>, in 1906 at age 15 with his family.<a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a> Through the Bernard family, kinsmen of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Bandon" title="Earl of Bandon">Earls of Bandon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> Trudeau is the fifth great-grandson of Major-General <a href="/wiki/William_Farquhar" title="William Farquhar">William Farquhar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a> a leader in the <a href="/wiki/Founding_years_of_modern_Singapore" title="Founding years of modern Singapore">founding of modern Singapore</a>; Trudeau also has remote <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">ethnic Malaccan</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nias_people" title="Nias people">Nias</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> ancestry. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Sinclair,_Pat_Nixon,_Justin_Trudeau_1972-04-14_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Margaret_Sinclair%2C_Pat_Nixon%2C_Justin_Trudeau_1972-04-14_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Margaret_Sinclair%2C_Pat_Nixon%2C_Justin_Trudeau_1972-04-14_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Margaret_Sinclair%2C_Pat_Nixon%2C_Justin_Trudeau_1972-04-14_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Margaret_Sinclair%2C_Pat_Nixon%2C_Justin_Trudeau_1972-04-14_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Margaret_Sinclair%2C_Pat_Nixon%2C_Justin_Trudeau_1972-04-14_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Margaret_Sinclair%2C_Pat_Nixon%2C_Justin_Trudeau_1972-04-14_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1906" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Trudeau" title="Margaret Trudeau">Margaret Trudeau</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Pat Nixon</a> holding Justin at <a href="/wiki/Rideau_Hall" title="Rideau Hall">Rideau Hall</a> in Ottawa in 1972.</figcaption></figure> Trudeau was <a href="/wiki/Infant_baptism#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Infant baptism">baptized</a> with his father's niece Anne Rouleau-Danis as godmother and his mother's brother-in-law Thomas Walker as godfather,<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> at <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Cathedral_Basilica_(Ottawa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica (Ottawa)">Ottawa's Notre Dame Basilica</a> on the afternoon of January 16, 1972, which marked his first public appearance.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> and given the names "Justin Pierre James".<a href="#cite_note-Grafstein_2019_p._1-PT102-29">[26]</a> On April 14, 1972, Trudeau's father and mother hosted a gala at the <a href="/wiki/National_Arts_Centre" title="National Arts Centre">National Arts Centre</a>, at which visiting U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> said, "I'd like to toast the future prime minister of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, to Justin Pierre Trudeau" to which Pierre Trudeau responded that should his son ever assume the role, he hoped he would have "the grace and skill of the president".<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a> Earlier that day, first lady <a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Pat Nixon</a> had visited him in his nursery and gifted him a <a href="/wiki/Stuffed_toy" title="Stuffed toy">stuffed toy</a> <a href="/wiki/Snoopy" title="Snoopy">Snoopy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3></div> Trudeau's parents announced their separation in 1977, when he was five years old; his father was given primary custody.<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> There were repeated rumours of a reconciliation for many years afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> However his mother eventually filed for a <a href="/wiki/No-fault_divorce" title="No-fault divorce">no-fault divorce</a> which the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ontario" title="Supreme Court of Ontario">Supreme Court of Ontario</a> granted in 1984;<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a> his father had announced his intention to retire as prime minister a month earlier.<a href="#cite_note-WoodgerBurg2006-36">[33]</a> Eventually his parents came to an amicable joint-custody arrangement and learned to get along quite well. Interviewed in October 1979, his <a href="/wiki/Nanny" title="Nanny">nanny</a> Dianne Lavergne was quoted, "Justin is a mommy's boy, so it's not easy, but children's hurts mend very quickly. And they're lucky kids, anyway."<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> Of his mother and father's marriage, Trudeau said in 2009, "They loved each other incredibly, passionately, completely. But there was 30 years between them, and my mom never was an equal partner in what encompassed my father's life, his duty, his country."<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a> Trudeau has three half-siblings, Kyle and Alicia, from his mother's remarriage to Fried Kemper,<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> and Sarah, from his father's relationship with <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Coyne" title="Deborah Coyne">Deborah Coyne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> Trudeau lived at <a href="/wiki/24_Sussex_Drive" title="24 Sussex Drive">24 Sussex Drive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, the official residence of Canada's prime minister, from his birth until his father's government was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="1979 Canadian federal election">1979 federal election</a>. The Trudeaus were expected to move into <a href="/wiki/Stornoway_(residence)" title="Stornoway (residence)">Stornoway</a>, the residence of the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">leader of the Official Opposition</a>, but because of flooding in the basement, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a> offered them <a href="/wiki/Harrington_Lake" title="Harrington Lake">Harrington Lake</a>, the prime minister's official country retreat in <a href="/wiki/Gatineau_Park" title="Gatineau Park">Gatineau Park</a>, with the expectation they would move into Stornoway at the start of July.<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> However, the repairs were not complete, so Pierre Trudeau took a prolonged vacation with his sons to the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> summer home of his friend, Member of Parliament <a href="/wiki/Don_Johnston" title="Don Johnston">Don Johnston</a>, and later sent his sons to stay with their maternal grandparents in <a href="/wiki/North_Vancouver_(district_municipality)" title="North Vancouver (district municipality)">North Vancouver</a> for the rest of the summer while he slept at his friend's Ottawa apartment. Trudeau and his brothers returned to Ottawa for the start of the school year but lived only on the top floor of Stornoway while repairs continued on the bottom floor.<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a> His mother purchased and moved into a new home nearby at 95 Victoria Street in Ottawa's <a href="/wiki/New_Edinburgh" title="New Edinburgh">New Edinburgh</a> neighbourhood in September 1979.<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a> Pierre Trudeau and his sons returned to the prime minister's official residence after <a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">the February 1980 election</a> that returned him to the Prime Minister's Office.<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justint_Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Justint_Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_%281%29.jpg/220px-Justint_Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Justint_Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_%281%29.jpg/330px-Justint_Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Justint_Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_%281%29.jpg/440px-Justint_Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>10-year-old Justin touring the <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Lille" title="Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille">Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille</a> in France with <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">his father</a> in 1982</figcaption></figure> His father had intended Trudeau to begin his formal education at a French-language lycée, but Trudeau's mother convinced his father of the importance of sending their sons to a public school.<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> In the end, Trudeau was enrolled in 1976 in the <a href="/wiki/French_immersion" title="French immersion">French immersion program</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rockcliffe_Park_Public_School" title="Rockcliffe Park Public School">Rockcliffe Park Public School</a>. It was the same school his mother had attended for two years while her father was a member of Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> He could have been dropped off by limousine, but his parents elected he take the <a href="/wiki/School_bus" title="School bus">school bus</a> albeit with a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> (RCMP) car following.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ottawa_Citizen1-51">[48]</a> This was followed by one year at the private <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Claudel_d%27Ottawa" title="Lycée Claudel d'Ottawa">Lycée Claudel d'Ottawa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Camp_Ahmek-53">[50]</a> After his father's retirement in June 1984, his mother remained at her New Edinburgh home while the rest of the family moved into his father's home at 1418 Pine Avenue, Montreal known as <a href="/wiki/Cormier_House" title="Cormier House">Cormier House</a>;<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> the following autumn, he began attending the private <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Jean-de-Br%C3%A9beuf" title="Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf">Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf</a>, his father's alma mater. The school had begun as a Jesuit school but was non-denominational by the time Justin matriculated.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> In 2008, Trudeau said that of all his early family outings he enjoyed camping with his father the most, because "that was where our father got to be just our father – a dad in the woods".<a href="#cite_note-The_Son_Also_Rises-57">[54]</a> During the summers his father would send him and his brothers to Camp Ahmek, on <a href="/wiki/Canoe_Lake_(Nipissing_District)" title="Canoe Lake (Nipissing District)">Canoe Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Algonquin_Provincial_Park" title="Algonquin Provincial Park">Algonquin Provincial Park</a>, where he would later work in his first paid job as a <a href="/wiki/Camp_counsellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp counsellor">camp counsellor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Camp_Ahmek-53">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> Trudeau and his brothers were given shares in two <a href="/wiki/Numbered_company" title="Numbered company">numbered companies</a> by their father: the first containing a portfolio of securities, from which they receive regular dividends, up to $20,000 per year; and the second which receives royalties from their father's autobiography and other sources, about $10,000 a year.<a href="#cite_note-TrudeauEstate-62">[59]</a> As of August 2011, the first numbered company had assets of $1.2 million.<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> The Trudeau brothers were also given a country estate of about 50 hectares in the Laurentians with a home designed by the esteemed Canadian architect <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Erickson" title="Arthur Erickson">Arthur Erickson</a>, and the Cormier House in Montreal.<a href="#cite_note-TrudeauArchitecture-64">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-TrudeauEstate-62">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-CountryEstate-65">[62]</a> The country estate land was estimated to be worth $2.7 million in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-CountryEstate-65">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_and_early_career">University and early career</h3></div> Trudeau has a bachelor of arts degree in literature from <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> and a bachelor of education degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>. In his first year at McGill, Trudeau became acquainted with his future <a href="/wiki/Principal_Secretary_(Canada)" title="Principal Secretary (Canada)">principal secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Butts" title="Gerald Butts">Gerald Butts</a>, through their mutual friend, Jonathan Ablett.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPostBio-66">[63]</a> Butts invited Trudeau to join the McGill Debating Union.<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> They bonded while driving back to Montreal after a debate tournament at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPostBio-66">[63]</a> After graduation, Trudeau stayed in Vancouver where he became a substitute teacher at local schools such as <a href="/wiki/Killarney_Secondary" class="mw-redirect" title="Killarney Secondary">Killarney Secondary</a> and worked permanently as a French and math teacher at the private <a href="/wiki/West_Point_Grey_Academy" title="West Point Grey Academy">West Point Grey Academy</a>. He became a roommate at the <a href="/wiki/List_of_heritage_buildings_in_Vancouver#Business" title="List of heritage buildings in Vancouver">Douglas Lodge</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> with fellow West Point Grey Academy faculty member and friend Christopher Ingvaldson.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPostBio-66">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> From 2002 to 2004, he studied engineering at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_de_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="École Polytechnique de Montréal">École Polytechnique de Montréal</a>, affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">Université de Montréal</a>, but did not graduate.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> He started a master's degree in environmental geography at McGill but withdrew from the program to seek public office.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> In August 2000, Trudeau attended the Kokanee Summit in <a href="/wiki/Creston,_British_Columbia" title="Creston, British Columbia">Creston, British Columbia</a>, to raise funds in honour of his brother Michel Trudeau and other avalanche victims. After the event, an unsigned editorial in the Creston Valley Advance (a local newspaper) accused Trudeau of having groped an unnamed female reporter while at the music festival. The editorial stated Trudeau provided a "day-late" apology to the reporter, saying, "If I had known you were reporting for a national paper, I never would have been so forward".<a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> In 2018, Trudeau was questioned about the groping incident but said he did not remember any negative incidents from that time. His apology and later statement about the event have been described as hypocritical, while responses to the story have been described as a <a href="/wiki/Witch-hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch-hunt">witch hunt</a> or non-story.<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 180px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2565464845">"Trudeau delivers the eulogy at his father Pierre Trudeau's funeral".</a> – The National – CBC/Radio-Canada, October 3, 2000. (12:07 mins). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/2000-justin-trudeau-delivers-eulogy-for-his-father-pierre">Archive (12:02 mins)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> In October 2000, Trudeau, then 28, emerged as a prominent figure after delivering a eulogy at <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Pierre_Trudeau" title="Death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau">his father's state funeral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> (CBC) received numerous calls to rebroadcast the speech after its initial transmission, and leading Quebec politician <a href="/wiki/Claude_Ryan" title="Claude Ryan">Claude Ryan</a> described it as "perhaps ... the first manifestation of a dynasty".<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> A book issued by the CBC in 2003 included the speech in its list of significant Canadian events from the past fifty years.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> In 2007, Trudeau starred in the two-part <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a> miniseries <a href="/wiki/The_Great_War_(2007_film)" title="The Great War (2007 film)">The Great War</a>, which gave an account of Canada's participation in the First World War. He portrayed his fifth cousin, twice removed,<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> Major <a href="/wiki/Talbot_Mercer_Papineau" title="Talbot Mercer Papineau">Talbot Mercer Papineau</a>, who was killed on October 30, 1917, during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Battle of Passchendaele</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> Trudeau is one of several children of former prime ministers who have become Canadian media personalities. The others are <a href="/wiki/Ben_Mulroney" title="Ben Mulroney">Ben Mulroney</a> (son of <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a>), <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Clark_(broadcaster)" title="Catherine Clark (broadcaster)">Catherine Clark</a> (daughter of Joe Clark), and Trudeau's younger brother, Alexandre.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> Ben Mulroney was a guest at Trudeau's wedding.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advocacy">Advocacy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau_%C3%A0_la_Maison_des_Grands-Parents.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Justin_Trudeau_%C3%A0_la_Maison_des_Grands-Parents.jpg/220px-Justin_Trudeau_%C3%A0_la_Maison_des_Grands-Parents.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Justin_Trudeau_%C3%A0_la_Maison_des_Grands-Parents.jpg/330px-Justin_Trudeau_%C3%A0_la_Maison_des_Grands-Parents.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Justin_Trudeau_%C3%A0_la_Maison_des_Grands-Parents.jpg/440px-Justin_Trudeau_%C3%A0_la_Maison_des_Grands-Parents.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Trudeau (middle) in 2007 with "Maison des Grands-Parents" cofounders Lucille Girard and Jacqueline Desjardins, during the 15th anniversary of the non-profit seniors organization.</figcaption></figure> Trudeau and his family started the Kokanee Glacier Alpine Campaign for winter sports safety in 2000, two years after his brother Michel died in an avalanche during a ski trip.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> In 2002, Trudeau criticized the Government of British Columbia's decision to stop its funding for a public avalanche warning system.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> From 2002 to 2006, Trudeau chaired the <a href="/wiki/Katimavik" title="Katimavik">Katimavik</a> youth program, a project started by longtime family friend <a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert_(Canadian_politician)" title="Jacques Hébert (Canadian politician)">Jacques Hébert</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> In 2002–03, Trudeau was a panelist on <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Canada_Reads" title="Canada Reads">Canada Reads</a> series, where he championed <a href="/wiki/The_Colony_of_Unrequited_Dreams" title="The Colony of Unrequited Dreams">The Colony of Unrequited Dreams</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Johnston_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayne Johnston (author)">Wayne Johnston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> Trudeau and his brother Alexandre inaugurated the <a href="/wiki/Trudeau_Centre_for_Peace_and_Conflict_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Trudeau Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies">Trudeau Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> in April 2004; the centre later became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Munk_School_of_Global_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Munk School of Global Affairs">Munk School of Global Affairs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> In 2006, he hosted the presentation ceremony for the <a href="/wiki/Giller_Prize" title="Giller Prize">Giller Prize</a> for literature.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> In 2005, Trudeau fought against a proposed $100-million <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> mine that he argued would poison the <a href="/wiki/Nahanni_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahanni River">Nahanni River</a>, a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations World Heritage Site">United Nations World Heritage Site</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>. He was quoted as saying, "The river is an absolutely magnificent, magical place. I'm not saying mining is wrong ... but that is not the place for it. It's just the wrong thing to be doing."<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> On September 17, 2006, Trudeau was the master of ceremonies at a Toronto rally organized by <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_Dallaire" title="Roméo Dallaire">Roméo Dallaire</a> that called for Canadian participation in resolving the <a href="/wiki/Darfur_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Darfur crisis">Darfur crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_beginnings">Political beginnings</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau_supporting_Gerard_Kennedy_1,_rotated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Justin_Trudeau_supporting_Gerard_Kennedy_1%2C_rotated.jpg/170px-Justin_Trudeau_supporting_Gerard_Kennedy_1%2C_rotated.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Justin_Trudeau_supporting_Gerard_Kennedy_1%2C_rotated.jpg/255px-Justin_Trudeau_supporting_Gerard_Kennedy_1%2C_rotated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Justin_Trudeau_supporting_Gerard_Kennedy_1%2C_rotated.jpg/340px-Justin_Trudeau_supporting_Gerard_Kennedy_1%2C_rotated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="1086" /></a><figcaption>Trudeau at the <a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2006 Liberal Party leadership convention</a>.</figcaption></figure> Trudeau supported the Liberal Party from a young age, offering his support to party leader <a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">John Turner</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988 federal election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> Two years later, he defended <a href="/wiki/Canadian_federalism" title="Canadian federalism">Canadian federalism</a> at a student event at the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Jean-de-Br%C3%A9beuf" title="Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf">Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf</a>, which he attended.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> Following his father's death, Trudeau became more involved with the Liberal Party throughout the 2000s. Along with Olympian <a href="/wiki/Charmaine_Crooks" title="Charmaine Crooks">Charmaine Crooks</a>, he co-hosted a tribute to outgoing prime minister <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a> at the party's <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_convention,_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Canada leadership convention, 2003">2003 leadership convention</a>, and was appointed to chair a task force on youth renewal after the party's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 federal election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> In October 2006, Trudeau criticized <a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Quebec nationalism</a> by describing political nationalism generally as an "old idea from the 19th century", "based on a smallness of thought" and not relevant to modern Quebec. This comment was seen as a criticism of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff">Michael Ignatieff</a>, then a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2006 Liberal Party leadership election</a>, who was promoting recognition of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> as a nation.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> Trudeau later wrote a public letter on the subject, describing the idea of Quebec nationhood as "against everything my father ever believed".<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> Trudeau announced his support for leadership candidate <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Kennedy" title="Gerard Kennedy">Gerard Kennedy</a> shortly before the 2006 convention and introduced Kennedy during the candidates' final speeches.<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> When Kennedy dropped off after the second ballot, Trudeau joined him in supporting the ultimate winner, <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> Rumours circulated in early 2007 that Trudeau would run in an <a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_39th_Canadian_Parliament#Outremont" title="By-elections to the 39th Canadian Parliament">upcoming by-election</a> in the Montreal riding of <a href="/wiki/Outremont_(federal_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Outremont (federal electoral district)">Outremont</a>. The Montreal newspaper <a href="/wiki/La_Presse_(Canadian_newspaper)" title="La Presse (Canadian newspaper)">La Presse</a> reported despite Trudeau's keenness, Liberal leader Stéphane Dion wanted Outremont for a star candidate who could help rebuild the Liberal Party. Instead, Trudeau announced that he would seek the Liberal nomination in the nearby riding of Papineau for the next general election.<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> The riding, which had been held for 26 years by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">André Ouellet</a>, a senior minister under his father, had been in Liberal hands for 53 years before falling to the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Papineau_profile-113">[110]</a> On April 29, 2007, Trudeau won the Liberal party's nomination, picking up 690 votes to 350 for Deros and 220 for Giordano against <a href="/wiki/Mary_Deros" title="Mary Deros">Mary Deros</a>, a Montreal city councillor and <a href="/wiki/Basilio_Giordano" title="Basilio Giordano">Basilio Giordano</a>, the publisher of a local Italian-language newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition,_2008–2015">Opposition, 2008–2015</h2></div> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> called an election for <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">October 14, 2008</a>, by which time Trudeau had been campaigning for a year in Papineau. On election day, Trudeau narrowly defeated Bloc Québécois incumbent <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Barbot" title="Vivian Barbot">Vivian Barbot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> Following his election win, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Greenspon" title="Edward Greenspon">Edward Greenspon</a>, editor-in-chief of <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>, noted that Trudeau would "be viewed as few other rookie MPs are—as a potential future Prime Minister—and scrutinized through that lens".<a href="#cite_note-The_Son_Also_Rises-57">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trudeau_headshot_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Trudeau_headshot_2008.jpg/170px-Trudeau_headshot_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Trudeau_headshot_2008.jpg/255px-Trudeau_headshot_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Trudeau_headshot_2008.jpg/340px-Trudeau_headshot_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>2008 Trudeau promotional portrait by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Carisse" title="Jean-Marc Carisse">Jean-Marc Carisse</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a> won a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a> in the 2008 election, and Trudeau entered parliament as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition</a>. Trudeau's first legislative act was a motion that called for the creation of a "national voluntary service policy for young people".<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> He later co-chaired the Liberal Party's April 2009 national convention in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, and in October of the same year he was appointed as the party's critic for multiculturalism and youth.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> In September 2010, he was reassigned as critic for youth, citizenship, and immigration.<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> During that time, he criticized the government's legislation targeting human smuggling, which he argued would penalize the victims of smuggling.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> Trudeau sparked controversy when it was revealed that he earned $1.3 million in public speaking fees from charities and school boards across Canada, $277,000 of which Trudeau received after becoming an MP.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> He encouraged an increase of Canada's relief efforts after the <a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 Haiti earthquake</a>, and sought more accessible immigration procedures for Haitians moving to Canada in the time of crisis. His own riding includes a significant Haitian community.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> Trudeau was re-elected in Papineau in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 federal election</a>, as the Liberal Party fell to third-party standing in the House of Commons with only thirty-four seats. Ignatieff resigned as party leader immediately after the election, and rumours again circulated that Trudeau could run to become his successor. On this occasion, Trudeau said, "I don't feel I should be closing off any options ... because of the history packaged into my name, a lot of people are turning to me in a way that ... to be blunt, concerns me."<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> Weeks after the election, Toronto MP <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a> was selected as the interim leader until the party's leadership convention, which was later decided to be held in April 2013. Rae appointed Trudeau as the party's critic for post-secondary education, youth and amateur sport.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> After his re-election, he travelled the country hosting fundraisers for charities and the Liberal Party.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> Trudeau wanted to take part in a charity boxing match on behalf of the cancer research fundraising event Fight for the Cure, but was having difficulty finding a Conservative opponent until Conservative senator <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Brazeau" title="Patrick Brazeau">Patrick Brazeau</a> agreed when asked on Trudeau's behalf by their mutual hairdresser Stefania Capovilla.<a href="#cite_note-boxing-130">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> The fight took place on March 31, 2012, at the Hampton Inn in Ottawa, and it was broadcast live on <a href="/wiki/Sun_News_Network" title="Sun News Network">Sun News</a> with commentary by <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Levant" title="Ezra Levant">Ezra Levant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Lilley" title="Brian Lilley">Brian Lilley</a>. Trudeau won in the third round; the result was considered an upset.<a href="#cite_note-boxing-130">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-CTV_boxing-132">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leader_of_the_Liberal_Party">Leader of the Liberal Party</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Earlier_speculation">Earlier speculation</h4></div> After Dion's resignation as Liberal leader in 2008, Trudeau's name was mentioned as a potential candidate with polls showing him as a favourite among Canadians for the position.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> However, Trudeau did not enter the race and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff">Michael Ignatieff</a> was named leader in December 2008.<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> After the party's poor showing in the 2011 election, Ignatieff resigned from the leadership and Trudeau was again seen as a potential candidate to lead the party.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> Following the election, Trudeau said he was undecided about seeking the leadership;<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> months later on October 12 at <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier_University" title="Wilfrid Laurier University">Wilfrid Laurier University</a>, he announced he would not seek the post because he had a young family.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> When interim leader <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a>, who was also seen as a frontrunner, announced he would not be entering the race in June 2012, Trudeau was hit with a "tsunami" of calls from supporters to reconsider his earlier decision to not seek the leadership.<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> Opinion polling conducted by several pollsters showed that if Trudeau were to become leader the Liberal Party would surge in support, from a distant third place to either being competitive with the Conservative Party or leading them.<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> In July 2012, Trudeau stated that he would reconsider his earlier decision to not seek the leadership and would announce his final decision at the end of the summer.<a href="#cite_note-Considering_leadership_run-141">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-Not_committed_to_leadership_run-142">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2013_leadership_election">2013 leadership election</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2013_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election</a></div> On September 26, 2012, multiple media outlets started reporting that Trudeau would launch his leadership bid the following week.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> While Trudeau was seen as a frontrunner for the leadership of the Liberal Party, he was criticized for his perceived lack of substance.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> During his time as a member of Parliament, he spoke little on policy matters and it was not known where he stood on many issues such as the economy and foreign affairs.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> Some strategists and pundits believed the leadership would be the time for Trudeau to be tested on these issues; however, there was also fear within the party that his celebrity status and large lead might deter other strong candidates from entering the leadership race.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> On October 2, 2012, Trudeau held a rally in Montreal to launch his bid for the leadership of the Liberal Party.<a href="#cite_note-The_Wall_Street_Journal-152">[149]</a> The core people on his campaign team were considered longtime friends, and all in their 30s and 40s. His senior advisor was Gerald Butts, the former president of <a href="/wiki/WWF-Canada" title="WWF-Canada">WWF-Canada</a> who had previously been principal secretary to former Ontario premier <a href="/wiki/Dalton_McGuinty" title="Dalton McGuinty">Dalton McGuinty</a>. Other senior aides included campaign manager <a href="/wiki/Katie_Telford" title="Katie Telford">Katie Telford</a>, and policy advisors Mike McNeir and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Asselin" title="Robert Asselin">Robert Asselin</a>, who had all worked for recent Liberal Party leaders.<a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> His brother Alexandre also took a break from his documentary work to be a senior advisor on Trudeau's campaign.<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> During the leadership campaign, three by-elections were held on <a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_41st_Canadian_Parliament#November_26,_2012_by-elections" title="By-elections to the 41st Canadian Parliament">November 26, 2012</a>. The riding <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Centre" title="Calgary Centre">Calgary Centre</a> was expected to be a three-way race between the Conservatives, Liberals and Green Party. A week before by-election day <a href="/wiki/Sun_Media" title="Sun Media">Sun Media</a> reported on comments Trudeau had made in a 2010 interview with <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Télé-Québec">Télé-Québec</a>, in which he said, "Canada isn't doing well right now because it's Albertans who control our community and socio-democratic agenda." Trudeau's campaign advisor said that the comments were being brought up now because of the close race in Calgary Centre.<a href="#cite_note-alta-155">[152]</a> The following day, Trudeau apologized, saying he was wrong to use "Alberta" as "<a href="/wiki/Shorthand" title="Shorthand">shorthand</a>" in referring to Stephen Harper's government.<a href="#cite_note-alta2-156">[153]</a> The Conservatives held onto Calgary Centre in the by-election by less than 1,200 votes. Liberal candidate <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Locke" title="Harvey Locke">Harvey Locke</a> said he lost the by-election on his own and that comments made by Trudeau did not influence the outcome.<a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> Fellow leadership candidate <a href="/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau">Marc Garneau</a>, seen as Trudeau's main challenger in the race, criticized Trudeau for not releasing enough substantial policy positions. Garneau called on him to release more detailed policies before members and supporters begin to vote.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> Garneau later challenged Trudeau to a one-on-one debate, and said that if Trudeau could not defend his ideas in a debate against him, he wouldn't be able to do so against Prime Minister Harper.<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a> Trudeau clashed in debates with challenger <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Murray" title="Joyce Murray">Joyce Murray</a>, who was the only Liberal leadership candidate to speak out strongly in favour of electing the House of Commons with a system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. She challenged Trudeau over his support for a <a href="/wiki/Preferential_ballot" class="mw-redirect" title="Preferential ballot">preferential ballot</a> voting system.<a href="#cite_note-Murray_and_Trudeau-160">[157]</a> On March 13, 2013, Garneau dropped out of the leadership race, saying that polling conducted by his campaign showed he would be unable to defeat Trudeau.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> With Joyce Murray, the last challenger, receiving significant press time, more Liberal politicians and public figures declared themselves for Trudeau. Trudeau was declared the winner of the leadership election on April 14, 2013, garnering 80.1% of 30,800 votes.<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> Joyce Murray finished in second place with 10.2%, ahead of Martha Hall Findlay's 5.7%.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> Trudeau had lost only five ridings, all to Murray and all in BC.<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Leadership,_2013–2015">Leadership, 2013–2015</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau_2014-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Justin_Trudeau_2014-1.jpg/170px-Justin_Trudeau_2014-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Justin_Trudeau_2014-1.jpg/255px-Justin_Trudeau_2014-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Justin_Trudeau_2014-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>Justin Trudeau delivering a speech on a doorstep in <a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_Toronto" title="Little Italy, Toronto">Toronto's Little Italy</a>, 2014<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a></figcaption></figure> In the days following his victory in the leadership race, snapshot polls recorded a surge in support for the Liberal party.<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> In 2013, Trudeau chose to give up his seat at the <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Death and state funeral of Nelson Mandela">funeral of Nelson Mandela</a>, in deference to <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Cotler" title="Irwin Cotler">Irwin Cotler</a> as representative of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a>, because of Cotler's work for and with <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> in fighting <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a> During the leadership campaign, Trudeau pledged to park all his assets, exclusive of real estate holdings, into a <a href="/wiki/Blind_trust" title="Blind trust">blind trust</a> which is atypical for opposition MPs, including leaders. According to documents obtained by the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a>, he fulfilled the pledge in July 2013 when the blind trust was set up by <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Montreal" title="Bank of Montreal">BMO Private Banking</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> On January 27, 2014, Trudeau and MP <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bennett" title="Carolyn Bennett">Carolyn Bennett</a> escorted <a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a> into the House of Commons, as is traditional for by-election victors.<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> Trudeau launched an internet video the week before the 2014 Liberal party convention titled "An economy that benefits us all" in which he narrates his economic platform. He said that Canada's debt to GDP ratios have come down in recent years and now it's time for Ottawa to "step up".<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015_federal_election">2015 federal election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 Canadian federal election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau_at_the_Vancouver_LGBTQ_Pride_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Justin_Trudeau_at_the_Vancouver_LGBTQ_Pride_2015.jpg/220px-Justin_Trudeau_at_the_Vancouver_LGBTQ_Pride_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Justin_Trudeau_at_the_Vancouver_LGBTQ_Pride_2015.jpg/330px-Justin_Trudeau_at_the_Vancouver_LGBTQ_Pride_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Justin_Trudeau_at_the_Vancouver_LGBTQ_Pride_2015.jpg/440px-Justin_Trudeau_at_the_Vancouver_LGBTQ_Pride_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Trudeau at the <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Pride_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver Pride Festival">Vancouver Pride Festival</a>, shortly after launching his election campaign</figcaption></figure> On October 19, 2015, after the longest official campaign in over a century, Trudeau led the Liberals to a decisive victory in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">federal election</a>. The Liberals won 184 of the 338 seats, with 39.5% of the popular vote, for a strong majority government;<a href="#cite_note-cbc.ca-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> a gain of 150 seats compared to the 2011 federal election.<a href="#cite_note-cbc.ca-172">[169]</a> This was the second-best performance in the party's history. The Liberals won mostly on the strength of a solid performance in the eastern half of the country. In addition to taking all of Atlantic Canada and Toronto,<a href="#cite_note-cbc.ca-172">[169]</a> they won 40 seats in Quebec—the most that the Liberals had won in that province since Trudeau's father led them to a near-sweep of the province in 1980, and also the first time since then that the Liberals won a majority of Quebec's seats in an election. The 150-seat gain was the biggest numerical increase for a single party since Confederation and marked the first time that a party had rebounded from third place in the Commons to a majority government. In addition to the appeal of his party's platform, Trudeau's success has been credited to his performance both on the campaign trail and televised <a href="/wiki/Canadian_leaders%27_debates" title="Canadian leaders' debates">leaders' debates</a> exceeding the lowered expectations created by Conservative advertisements and conservative media outlets.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RealChange.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/RealChange.png/220px-RealChange.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/RealChange.png/330px-RealChange.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/RealChange.png/440px-RealChange.png 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="106" /></a><figcaption>The Trudeau Liberals slogan during the 2015 campaign was "Real Change"</figcaption></figure> Trudeau declared victory shortly after <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a> projected that he had won a majority government. He began his speech with a reference to former Liberal prime minister <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Wilfrid Laurier</a>'s "sunny ways" (French: voies ensoleillées) approach to bringing Canadians together despite their differences. According to Trudeau, Laurier "knew that politics can be a positive force, and that's the message Canadians have sent today".<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> Harper announced his resignation as the leader of the Conservative Party that night.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_Minister_of_Canada_(2015–present)">Prime Minister of Canada (2015–present)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Justin_Trudeau" title="Premiership of Justin Trudeau">Premiership of Justin Trudeau</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swearing-In_Day_Trudeau_Cabinet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Swearing-In_Day_Trudeau_Cabinet.jpg/220px-Swearing-In_Day_Trudeau_Cabinet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Swearing-In_Day_Trudeau_Cabinet.jpg/330px-Swearing-In_Day_Trudeau_Cabinet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Swearing-In_Day_Trudeau_Cabinet.jpg/440px-Swearing-In_Day_Trudeau_Cabinet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">29th Canadian Ministry</a> after being sworn into office, November 4, 2015</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_matters">Domestic matters</h3></div> Trudeau and the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">Cabinet</a> were sworn in by <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Johnston_(governor_general)" title="David Johnston (governor general)">David Johnston</a> on November 4, 2015. He said that his first legislative priority was to lower taxes for middle-income Canadians and raise taxes for the top 1% of income earners after parliament was reconvened on December 3, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> Trudeau also issued a statement promising to rebuild relations with <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples in Canada</a> and run an open, ethical and transparent government.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> On November 5, 2015, during the first Liberal caucus meeting since forming a majority government, the party announced that it would reinstate the mandatory long-form census that had been scrapped in 2010, effective with the 2016 census.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> As prime minister, Trudeau launched three major independent investigations: the <a href="/wiki/National_Inquiry_into_Missing_and_Murdered_Indigenous_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women">National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women</a> (MMIWG), the Joint Federal/Provincial Commission into the <a href="/wiki/2020_Nova_Scotia_attacks" title="2020 Nova Scotia attacks">2020 Nova Scotia attacks</a> (in partnership with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Government of Nova Scotia">Government of Nova Scotia</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a>), and the Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral Processes and Democratic Institutions. The latter was called in response to allegations of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_government_interference_in_the_2019_and_2021_Canadian_federal_elections" title="Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections">Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections</a>, but also deals with interference from other states deemed hostile to Canada.<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> The MMIWG investigation found that Canada's response to this issue amounts to <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Indigenous peoples">genocide</a>, a finding Trudeau said he accepted.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="COVID-19_pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">COVID-19 pandemic in Canada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Trudeau_delivers_a_message_on_Eid_al-Fitr_-_2020_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Prime_Minister_Trudeau_delivers_a_message_on_Eid_al-Fitr_-_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Trudeau_delivers_a_message_on_Eid_al-Fitr_-_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Prime_Minister_Trudeau_delivers_a_message_on_Eid_al-Fitr_-_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Trudeau_delivers_a_message_on_Eid_al-Fitr_-_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Prime_Minister_Trudeau_delivers_a_message_on_Eid_al-Fitr_-_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Trudeau delivering a statement outside <a href="/wiki/Rideau_Cottage" title="Rideau Cottage">Rideau Cottage</a> in 2020</figcaption></figure> Trudeau was prime minister during the worldwide <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. His government's response to the pandemic included funds for provinces and territories to adapt to the new situation, funds for coronavirus research, travel restrictions, screening of international flights, self-isolation orders under the <a href="/wiki/Quarantine_Act,_2005" title="Quarantine Act, 2005">Quarantine Act</a>, an industrial strategy, and a public health awareness campaign. Initially, Canada faced a shortage of <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a>, as the Trudeau government had cut PPE stockpile funding in the previous years.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> To deal with the <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">economic impact of the pandemic</a> in 2020, Trudeau waived student loan payments, increased the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Child_Benefit" title="Canada Child Benefit">Canada Child Benefit</a>, doubled the annual <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services_tax_(Canada)" title="Goods and services tax (Canada)">Goods and Services Tax</a> payment, and introduced the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Emergency_Response_Benefit" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada Emergency Response Benefit">Canada Emergency Response Benefit</a> (CERB) as part of a first package in March. In April 2020, Trudeau introduced the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Emergency_Wage_Subsidy" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy">Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Emergency_Business_Account" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada Emergency Business Account">Canada Emergency Business Account</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Emergency_Student_Benefit" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada Emergency Student Benefit">Canada Emergency Student Benefit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> Trudeau also deployed the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian armed forces">Canadian Forces</a> in long-term care homes in Quebec and Ontario as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_LASER" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation LASER">Operation LASER</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mbafd-190">[187]</a> Throughout the pandemic, the federal government was also responsible for the procurement of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-191">[188]</a> On May 12, 2020, the Trudeau government announced it had reached an exclusive deal with <a href="/wiki/CanSino_Biologics" title="CanSino Biologics">CanSino Biologics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> However, due to deteriorating <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Canada–China relations">Canadian-Chinese relations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">Cansino</a> deal fell through.<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> On August 5, 2020, the Trudeau government created a plan to secure doses of the <a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna vaccines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> Starting in December 2020, Trudeau oversaw the implementation of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">Canada's mass-vaccination program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera_20201127-195">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-191">[188]</a> The spread of COVID-19 in Canada continued beyond the initial outbreak, with a strong second wave in the fall of 2020 and an even more serious third wave in the spring of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> Throughout the crisis, Trudeau periodically extended the scope and duration of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">federal aid programs</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2021 Canadian federal budget">2021 Canadian federal budget</a> planned to phase them out by the end of September 2021, and projected a $354.2-billion deficit in the 2020–21 fiscal year.<a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> While CERB was indeed phased out on September 26, the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Recovery_Benefit" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada Recovery Benefit">Canada Recovery Benefit</a> (CBR) continued to provide support until October 23.<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Canada_Worker_Lockdown_Benefit" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit">Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit</a> was introduced that month to replace the CBR, and expanded during the spread of the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">Omicron variant</a> in December 2021.<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Freedom_Convoy_and_Emergencies_Act_invocation">Freedom Convoy and Emergencies Act invocation</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest" title="Canada convoy protest">Canada convoy protest</a></div> The Canada convoy protest, called the Freedom Convoy, was a <a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">protest</a> in Canada against <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Canada" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 vaccine requirements for truckers to re-enter the country by land</a> introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a> on January 15, 2022. Originally composed of several routes traversing all of the Canadian <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">provinces</a>, the truck convoys converged on <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>. On January 29, the first day of protest at <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Hill" title="Parliament Hill">Parliament Hill</a>, Trudeau moved to an undisclosed location.<a href="#cite_note-CBC_Tasker_20220129-201">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, the demonstration developed to express a number of "antigovernment grievances", particularly against Trudeau.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian_Cecco_20220128-203">[200]</a> On January 31, Trudeau called the protests an "insult to truth".<a href="#cite_note-Insult-204">[201]</a> On February 3, he said that a military response was "not in the cards right now".<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a> On February 11, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> reported that Trudeau promised the US "quick action" regarding protesters who have forcefully blocked the <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Bridge" title="Ambassador Bridge">Ambassador Bridge</a> on the US-Canada border, the continent's busiest land border crossing."<a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a> Trudeau subsequently indicated that there would be "robust police intervention" and called for all protesters to "go home."<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> Trudeau invoked the <a href="/wiki/Emergencies_Act" title="Emergencies Act">Emergencies Act</a> on February 14, 2022, for the first time since it was enacted in 1988, as a result of the public order emergency caused by the demonstrations in Ottawa.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> On February 23, 2022, Trudeau announced that the federal government would revoke the emergency declaration. Later that day, the governor general signed a proclamation revoking it.<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> A year later, on February 17, 2023, a judicial inquiry into the use of the Emergencies Act concluded that the Trudeau government met the legal threshold required to invoke the act.<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a> In early 2024, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Canada" title="Federal Court of Canada">Federal Court</a> judge <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mosley" title="Richard Mosley">Richard Mosley</a> ruled that the federal government's invocation of the Emergencies Act to end the 2022 convoy protest was "not justified" and infringed on <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Charter</a> rights. The federal government plans to appeal the ruling.<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_record_and_government_formation">Electoral record and government formation</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019_federal_election">2019 federal election</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 Canadian federal election</a></div> On September 11, 2019, Trudeau visited Governor General <a href="/wiki/Julie_Payette" title="Julie Payette">Julie Payette</a>, to request the dissolution of Parliament, and formally triggering an election.<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> Prior to the formal start of the campaign, Trudeau announced his intention to only participate in the three <a href="/wiki/Canadian_leaders%27_debates#2019_debates" title="Canadian leaders' debates">leaders' debates</a>, two organized by the <a href="/wiki/Leaders%27_Debates_Commission" title="Leaders' Debates Commission">Leaders' Debates Commission</a>, and one organized by <a href="/wiki/TVA_(Canadian_TV_network)" title="TVA (Canadian TV network)">TVA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TVAdeb-215">[212]</a> Other leader's debates were either cancelled or took place with an empty podium left on stage for Trudeau.<a href="#cite_note-Snub-216">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau,_Juno_Beach,_6_juin_2019_(48071928046).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Justin_Trudeau%2C_Juno_Beach%2C_6_juin_2019_%2848071928046%29.jpg/170px-Justin_Trudeau%2C_Juno_Beach%2C_6_juin_2019_%2848071928046%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Justin_Trudeau%2C_Juno_Beach%2C_6_juin_2019_%2848071928046%29.jpg/255px-Justin_Trudeau%2C_Juno_Beach%2C_6_juin_2019_%2848071928046%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Justin_Trudeau%2C_Juno_Beach%2C_6_juin_2019_%2848071928046%29.jpg/340px-Justin_Trudeau%2C_Juno_Beach%2C_6_juin_2019_%2848071928046%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1521" data-file-height="1862" /></a><figcaption>Trudeau speaking at <a href="/wiki/Juno_Beach" title="Juno Beach">Juno Beach</a> during the 75th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/D-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Day">D-Day</a>, June 6, 2019</figcaption></figure>In September 2019, controversial pictures and video were published showing Trudeau in <a href="/wiki/Racial_brownface" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial brownface">brownface</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackface" title="Blackface">blackface</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> On September 18, 2019, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine published a photograph of Trudeau wearing brownface makeup in the spring of 2001, at an <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Nights" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian Nights">Arabian Nights</a>-themed gala, while Trudeau was a teacher at <a href="/wiki/West_Point_Grey_Academy" title="West Point Grey Academy">West Point Grey Academy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> Trudeau publicly apologized, agreeing the photo was racist and saying: "I shouldn't have done that. I should have known better and I didn't. I'm really sorry."<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> He further went on to say "It was something that I didn't think was racist at the time, but now I recognize it was something racist to do".<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> Trudeau also admitted to wearing blackface makeup in high school while singing "<a href="/wiki/Day-O_(The_Banana_Boat_Song)" title="Day-O (The Banana Boat Song)">Day-O</a>" at a talent show that was subsequently published by <a href="/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> A third instance, a video, of Trudeau in racist dress was also published.<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> After this video was published, Trudeau admitted he could not remember how often he had worn blackface makeup.<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> In the days following the scandal, <a href="/wiki/Opinion_poll" title="Opinion poll">pollsters</a> pointed out that many Canadians either were not bothered by the scandal or had accepted Trudeau's apology.<a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> Additionally, some minority community groups, racialized commentators and some of Trudeau's opponents came to his defence.<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a> Others were more critical, including members of his own party.<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> While Trudeau's Liberal Party lost 20 seats in the House of Commons (lowering its total from 177 to 157) from the time of dissolution, they still won the most seats of any party—enough to allow Trudeau to form a minority government.<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a> For the first time since 1979, the party that garnered the largest share of the national popular vote did not win the most seats; the Liberals under Trudeau had 33.1% of the popular vote, while the Conservatives under <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> had 34.4%.<a href="#cite_note-toronto-236">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2021_federal_election">2021 federal election</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 Canadian federal election</a></div> On August 15, 2021, Trudeau advised Governor General <a href="/wiki/Mary_Simon" title="Mary Simon">Mary Simon</a> to dissolve parliament, scheduling an election for September 20.<a href="#cite_note-ctv081521-238">[235]</a> The election was called on the same day as the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">Fall of Kabul</a>. In the first two weeks of the campaign, Trudeau received criticism for not acting fast enough in the face of the <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">2021 Taliban offensive</a> to evacuate Canadian citizens and Afghans who supported Canada's military and diplomatic efforts during the <a href="/wiki/Canada_in_the_War_in_Afghanistan" title="Canada in the War in Afghanistan">War in Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[236]</a> In the 2021 federal election, Trudeau secured a third mandate and his second minority government after winning 160 seats. However, the Liberals came in second in the national popular vote, behind the Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-240">[237]</a> They received 32.6 percent of the popular vote, the lowest percentage of the national popular vote for a governing party in Canadian history.<a href="#cite_note-Hopper2-241">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Confidence_and_supply_agreement">Confidence and supply agreement</h4></div> On March 22, 2022, the Liberals and the NDP entered a <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence and supply agreement</a>. The agreement, in which the NDP committed to supporting the Liberals in all <a href="/wiki/Votes_of_confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Votes of confidence">votes of confidence</a> for the duration of the 44th Parliament, included action towards key NDP priorities. The intent of the agreement was to avert any prospective early election prior to 2025 and to allow the minority Trudeau government to stay in power for the full four-year term of the parliament.<a href="#cite_note-:4-242">[239]</a> Among the policies included in the deal were the establishment of a national <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Dental_Care_Plan" title="Canadian Dental Care Plan">dental care program</a> for low-income Canadians, progress towards a national <a href="/wiki/Pharmacare" title="Pharmacare">pharmacare</a> program, labour reforms for federally regulated workers, and new taxes on financial institutions.<a href="#cite_note-:4-242">[239]</a> In early 2024, the two parties reached an impasse over pharmacare, putting the deal in jeopardy. The agreement called for the development of the Canada Pharmacare Act by the end of 2023, setting out a framework for the system; however, the NDP had agreed to extend the deadline to March 1 of the following year as negotiations became fraught. Major points of contention included the NDP's demand that the system be single-payer, as well as preliminary coverage for certain drugs prior to the implementation of the full system.<a href="#cite_note-243">[240]</a> On February 23, the parties reached an agreement, salvaging the deal. The agreement provided coverage for diabetes and contraceptive drugs ahead of the full program's launch.<a href="#cite_note-244">[241]</a> In September 2024, the NDP pulled their support and ended the confidence and supply agreement.<a href="#cite_note-245">[242]</a> NDP leader <a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a> said the Liberals had "let people down" and were "too weak, too selfish and too beholden to corporate interests" to fight for people,<a href="#cite_note-246">[243]</a> while Trudeau stated he would continue to work for Canadians and not focus on politics.<a href="#cite_note-247">[244]</a> On September 25, 2024, Trudeau survived a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">no-confidence vote</a> brought by the Conservative Party.<a href="#cite_note-248">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethics">Ethics</h3></div> Trudeau was criticized by opposition members in November 2016 for his fundraising tactics, which they saw as "cash for access" schemes.<a href="#cite_note-249">[246]</a> Trudeau attended fundraisers where attendees paid upwards of $1500 for access to him and other cabinet members.<a href="#cite_note-250">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-251">[248]</a> In some instances, the events were attended by foreign businessmen who needed government approval for their businesses.<a href="#cite_note-252">[249]</a> Trudeau defended his fundraising tactics, saying that they were not in breach of any ethics rules. He also stated that he was lobbied at the fundraisers but not influenced.<a href="#cite_note-:2-251">[248]</a> In 2017, Trudeau introduced legislation that would eliminate such exclusive events by requiring increased transparency for political fundraisers.<a href="#cite_note-253">[250]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Visit_of_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Justin_Trudeau_17_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/State_Visit_of_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Justin_Trudeau_17_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-State_Visit_of_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Justin_Trudeau_17_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/State_Visit_of_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Justin_Trudeau_17_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-State_Visit_of_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Justin_Trudeau_17_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/State_Visit_of_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Justin_Trudeau_17_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-State_Visit_of_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Justin_Trudeau_17_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>Trudeau walks with US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> along the Colonnade to the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, March 10, 2016</figcaption></figure> In January 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Ethics_Commissioner_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethics Commissioner (Canada)">ethics commissioner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Dawson_(civil_servant)" title="Mary Dawson (civil servant)">Mary Dawson</a>, began an investigation into Trudeau for a vacation he and his family took to <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_IV" title="Aga Khan IV">Aga Khan IV</a>'s private island in the <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-veconomist-254">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a> The ethics commissioner's report, released in December 2017, found that Trudeau had violated four provisions of the Conflict of Interest Act.<a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a> He became the first sitting prime minister to break federal conflict of interest rules.<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a> In 2022, it was reported that the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> had considered bringing criminal charges against Trudeau over the affair.<a href="#cite_note-258">[255]</a> In February 2018, Trudeau was criticized when his government invited <a href="/wiki/Khalistan_movement" title="Khalistan movement">Khalistani nationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaspal_Atwal" title="Jaspal Atwal">Jaspal Atwal</a> to the Canadian High Commission's dinner party in Delhi. Atwal had previously been convicted for the shooting and attempted murder of Indian Cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Malkiat_Singh_Sidhu" title="Malkiat Singh Sidhu">Malkiat Singh Sidhu</a> in 1986, as well as the assault on former BC premier <a href="/wiki/Ujjal_Dosanjh" title="Ujjal Dosanjh">Ujjal Dosanjh</a> in 1985. Following the dinner, the PMO rescinded the invitation, and apologized for the incident.<a href="#cite_note-259">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[259]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SNC-Lavalin_affair">SNC-Lavalin affair</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SNC-Lavalin_affair" title="SNC-Lavalin affair">SNC-Lavalin affair</a></div> On February 8, 2019, The Globe and Mail reported that sources close to the government said that the Prime Minister's Office had allegedly attempted to influence <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_and_Attorney_General_of_Canada" title="Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Jody Wilson-Raybould</a> concerning an ongoing prosecution of <a href="/wiki/SNC-Lavalin" class="mw-redirect" title="SNC-Lavalin">SNC-Lavalin</a>. When asked about the allegations, Trudeau said that the story in the Globe was false and that he had never "directed" Wilson-Raybould concerning the case.<a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a> Wilson-Raybould did not comment on the matter, citing <a href="/wiki/Legal_professional_privilege" title="Legal professional privilege">solicitor-client privilege</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[261]</a> Soon after, Trudeau voluntarily waived privilege and cabinet confidences, permitting her to speak.<a href="#cite_note-265">[262]</a> On February 11, the ethics commissioner announced the opening of an investigation into the allegations. Trudeau said he "welcomed the investigation".<a href="#cite_note-266">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[264]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_House_of_Commons_Standing_Committee_on_Justice_and_Human_Rights" title="Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights">Justice Committee</a> of the House of Commons has conducted a series of hearings on the alleged interference.<a href="#cite_note-268">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-270">[267]</a> The investigation heard from several witnesses, including Jody Wilson-Raybould, who submitted as evidence a telephone call she secretly recorded between herself and <a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_Privy_Council_(Canada)" title="Clerk of the Privy Council (Canada)">Privy Council Clerk</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wernick" title="Michael Wernick">Michael Wernick</a>, which was subsequently released to the public.<a href="#cite_note-271">[268]</a> On the recording, Wernick is heard asking to understand why the "DPA route" is not being used, stating that people were "talking past each other", and suggesting Trudeau obtain independent legal advice from former Supreme Court chief justice <a href="/wiki/Beverley_McLachlin" title="Beverley McLachlin">Beverly McLachlin</a>. Wilson-Raybould is heard suggesting that Trudeau would be "breaching a constitutional principle of prosecutorial independence". On March 19, 2019, the Liberal committee members voted as a bloc to shut down the Justice Committee's investigation.<a href="#cite_note-272">[269]</a> Trudeau was the subject of an investigation by the <a href="/wiki/Ethics_Commissioner_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethics Commissioner (Canada)">ethics commissioner</a>, pursuant to the Conflict of Interest Act, in regards to <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_(Canada)" title="Criminal Code (Canada)">criminal charges</a> against <a href="/wiki/SNC-Lavalin" class="mw-redirect" title="SNC-Lavalin">SNC-Lavalin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/SNC-Lavalin_affair" title="SNC-Lavalin affair">SNC-Lavalin affair</a>. The commission's final report, issued August 14, 2019, concluded "Mr. Trudeau contravened section 9 of the Act".<a href="#cite_note-273">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="WE_Charity_investigation">WE Charity investigation</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/WE_Charity_scandal" title="WE Charity scandal">WE Charity scandal</a></div> Following complaints by opposition parties that the Trudeau family had ties to <a href="/wiki/WE_Charity" title="WE Charity">WE Charity</a>, the ethics commissioner on July 3, 2020, announced an investigation into Trudeau's and the government's decision to have the charity administer a summer, student-grant program which could assist students financially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Trudeau responded by saying WE was the charity that had the capability to administer such a program. WE and the federal government decided to "part ways" leaving administration of the grant program to the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-278">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tasker1-280">[277]</a> WE Charity was criticized for its close ties to the Trudeau family; the investigation came after revelations that Trudeau's mother, brother, and wife were paid nearly $300,000 in total to speak at WE Charity events.<a href="#cite_note-281">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[280]</a> On July 16, 2020, the ethics commissioner also announced the investigation was being expanded to include Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Bill_Morneau" title="Bill Morneau">Bill Morneau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-284">[281]</a> Trudeau was ultimately cleared of any wrongdoing by the ethics commissioner though Morneau was found to have broken the conflict of interest law.<a href="#cite_note-285">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Policies">Policies</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_Justin_Trudeau_government" title="Domestic policy of the Justin Trudeau government">Domestic policy of the Justin Trudeau government</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_Deliver_2019_Conference_Location_Announcement_(34569966804).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Women_Deliver_2019_Conference_Location_Announcement_%2834569966804%29.jpg/220px-Women_Deliver_2019_Conference_Location_Announcement_%2834569966804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Women_Deliver_2019_Conference_Location_Announcement_%2834569966804%29.jpg/330px-Women_Deliver_2019_Conference_Location_Announcement_%2834569966804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Women_Deliver_2019_Conference_Location_Announcement_%2834569966804%29.jpg/440px-Women_Deliver_2019_Conference_Location_Announcement_%2834569966804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1996" /></a><figcaption>Trudeau with <a href="/wiki/Maryam_Monsef" title="Maryam Monsef">Maryam Monsef</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marie-Claude_Bibeau" title="Marie-Claude Bibeau">Marie-Claude Bibeau</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Women_Deliver" title="Women Deliver">2019 Women Deliver event</a> in Vancouver.</figcaption></figure> The Trudeau government's <a href="/wiki/Economic_policy" title="Economic policy">economic policy</a> initially relied on increased tax revenues to pay for increased government spending. While the government has not balanced the budget, it reduced Canada's <a href="/wiki/Debt-to-GDP_ratio" title="Debt-to-GDP ratio">debt-to-GDP ratio</a> every year until 2020, when the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">COVID-19 pandemic</a> hit.<a href="#cite_note-286">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[284]</a> Trudeau's self-described progressive and feminist <a href="/wiki/Social_policy" title="Social policy">social policy</a> has included strong advocacy for abortion rights.<a href="#cite_note-HeatherSaul-288">[285]</a> His government introduced the bill that made <a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">conversion therapies</a> illegal in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-289">[286]</a> After the 2015 election, Canada set targets to welcome an increased number of immigrants and refugees.<a href="#cite_note-Syrians-290">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-Immigrants2018-291">[288]</a> Despite warnings about the impact of increased immigration on housing and services, Trudeau's government allowed almost 1 million newcomers (permanent and temporary residents) in both 2022 and 2023.<a href="#cite_note-292">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[291]</a> Trudeau initiated measures to combat housing inflation: Foreign buyers were banned and the Housing Accelerator Fund was created. In Sept 2023, Trudeau stated housing prices were "far too high", but, in May 2024, during an interview with The Globe and Mail, Trudeau said, "housing needs to retain its value."<a href="#cite_note-295">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[293]</a> In 2021, Trudeau touted his Child Benefit Program, claiming it had lifted 400,000 children out of poverty.<a href="#cite_note-297">[294]</a> In 2024, food bank usage was at an all time high and more working people than ever were using food banks.<a href="#cite_note-298">[295]</a> Canada introduced the right to <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_euthanasia" title="Voluntary euthanasia">medically-assisted dying</a> in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-CBC-299">[296]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">legalized cannabis for recreational use</a> in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-WEED-300">[297]</a> In 2021, Trudeau announced the creation of a national <a href="/wiki/Child_care_in_Canada" title="Child care in Canada">child care</a> plan with the intention of reducing <a href="/wiki/Day_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Day care">day care</a> fees for parents down to $10 a day per child within five years.<a href="#cite_note-301">[298]</a> In November 2022, the Trudeau government announced that Canada would admit <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">500,000 immigrants per year</a> by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-302">[299]</a> His environmental policy included introducing new commitments to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 30% before 2030, and to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.<a href="#cite_note-LucasPowers-303">[300]</a> His main tool for reaching this target is a federal <a href="/wiki/Carbon_pricing_in_Canada" title="Carbon pricing in Canada">carbon pricing</a> policy.<a href="#cite_note-iec-304">[301]</a> Trudeau's parliament also adopted legislation for marine conservation,<a href="#cite_note-Lake-305">[302]</a> banning six common <a href="/wiki/Single-use_plastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-use plastic">single-use plastic</a> products,<a href="#cite_note-Hypocrisy-306">[303]</a> and strengthening environmental impact assessments.<a href="#cite_note-JoshKElliott-307">[304]</a> Trudeau pledged to ban single use plastic in 2019. In the year 2022 his government announced a ban on producing and importing single use plastic from December 2022. The sale of those items will be banned from December 2023 and the export from 2025.<a href="#cite_note-308">[305]</a> However, Trudeau is in favour of oil and gas pipelines to bring Canadian fossil fuel resources to foreign markets.<a href="#cite_note-Swooning-309">[306]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Justin_Trudeau_government" title="Foreign policy of the Justin Trudeau government">Foreign policy of the Justin Trudeau government</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Justin_Trudeau" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Justin Trudeau">List of international prime ministerial trips made by Justin Trudeau</a></div> In 2015, Trudeau told the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times Magazine">New York Times Magazine</a> that Canada could be the "first <a href="/wiki/Postnationalism" title="Postnationalism">postnational</a> state".<a href="#cite_note-310">[307]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumbre_de_l%C3%ADderes_del_G20_(44348052040).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Cumbre_de_l%C3%ADderes_del_G20_%2844348052040%29.jpg/220px-Cumbre_de_l%C3%ADderes_del_G20_%2844348052040%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Cumbre_de_l%C3%ADderes_del_G20_%2844348052040%29.jpg/330px-Cumbre_de_l%C3%ADderes_del_G20_%2844348052040%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Cumbre_de_l%C3%ADderes_del_G20_%2844348052040%29.jpg/440px-Cumbre_de_l%C3%ADderes_del_G20_%2844348052040%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2264" data-file-height="1543" /></a><figcaption>Trudeau with US president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and Mexican president <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1a_Nieto" title="Enrique Peña Nieto">Enrique Peña Nieto</a>, after signing the <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">CUSMA</a>, 2018.</figcaption></figure> In 2016, Trudeau lifted visa requirements for Mexican citizens. Asylum claims by Mexicans grew from 110 in 2015 to 24,000 in 2023. Visas and some restrictions were reinstated in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-311">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[309]</a> In January 2017, Trudeau wrote, "To those fleeing persecution, terror & war, Canadians will welcome you, regardless of your faith. Diversity is our strength #WelcomeToCanada," on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>. As a result, irregular border crossing increased, mainly at <a href="/wiki/Roxham_Road" title="Roxham Road">Roxham Road</a>.<a href="#cite_note-313">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[311]</a> Increased strain on services in Quebec and Ontario, and criticism over the unsustainable influx of claimants, appeared to influence the decision to close Roxham Road in March 2023; however, the new terms of the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_Safe_Third_Country_Agreement" title="Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement">Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement</a> (STCA) had been arranged the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-315">[312]</a> After irregular border crossings were shut down, asylum claims surged at airports.<a href="#cite_note-316">[313]</a> Trudeau enjoyed good relations with the "like-minded" <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">United States president</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>,<a href="#cite_note-317">[314]</a> despite Trudeau's support for the <a href="/wiki/Keystone_Pipeline" title="Keystone Pipeline">Keystone Pipeline</a>, which was rejected by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> president.<a href="#cite_note-318">[315]</a> Trudeau's first foreign policy challenges included follow-through on his campaign promise to withdraw Canadian air support from the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a><a href="#cite_note-Iraq/Syria_trainers,_aid-319">[316]</a> and to welcome 25,000 <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Refugees">Syrian war refugees</a>.<a href="#cite_note-revisedgoal-320">[317]</a> When Donald Trump became president, <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Canada–United States relations">Canada-US relations</a> deteriorated. The Trump administration forced the renegotiation of <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">NAFTA</a> to create the <a href="/wiki/USMCA" class="mw-redirect" title="USMCA">CUSMA</a>, in which Canada made significant concessions in allowing increased imports of American <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, weakening Canada's dairy <a href="/wiki/Supply_management_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supply management (Canada)">supply management</a> system.<a href="#cite_note-321">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-Canada_ratification-322">[319]</a> Donald Trump also implemented <a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">tariffs</a> on Canadian <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>, to which Trudeau retaliated by imposing tariffs on American steel, aluminum and a variety of other American products.<a href="#cite_note-Wolfe229-323">[320]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau,_Volodymyr_Zelensky_(2022-05-08)_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Justin_Trudeau%2C_Volodymyr_Zelensky_%282022-05-08%29_06.jpg/220px-Justin_Trudeau%2C_Volodymyr_Zelensky_%282022-05-08%29_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Justin_Trudeau%2C_Volodymyr_Zelensky_%282022-05-08%29_06.jpg/330px-Justin_Trudeau%2C_Volodymyr_Zelensky_%282022-05-08%29_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Justin_Trudeau%2C_Volodymyr_Zelensky_%282022-05-08%29_06.jpg/440px-Justin_Trudeau%2C_Volodymyr_Zelensky_%282022-05-08%29_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3006" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Amid the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>, Trudeau visited <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> and met President <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> on May 8, 2022</figcaption></figure> Canada's relationship with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> also deteriorated during Trudeau's time as prime minister. The turmoil led to the <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Meng_Wanzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrest of Meng Wanzhou">arrest of Meng Wanzhou</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_International_Airport" title="Vancouver International Airport">Vancouver International Airport</a> in December 2018 at the behest of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>,<a href="#cite_note-324">[321]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Detention_of_Michael_Spavor_and_Michael_Kovrig" title="Detention of Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig">arrest of Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig</a> in China 12 days later.<a href="#cite_note-325">[322]</a> Trudeau appointed Liberal advisor, <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Barton" title="Dominic Barton">Dominic Barton</a> (<a href="/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company" title="McKinsey & Company">McKinsey & Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Century_Initiative" title="Century Initiative">Century Initiative</a>) ambassador to China in 2019. While Barton negotiated the release of Spavor and Kovrig, Canada-China trade reached historic highs. Barton resigned in December 2021, "amidst growing pressure from...President Joe Biden for Ottawa to take a tougher stance with Beijing."<a href="#cite_note-326">[323]</a> As Wanzhou, Spavor and Kovrig were released at the exact same time in September 2021, many observers speculated they were exchanged as part of a deal between the United States and China.<a href="#cite_note-327">[324]</a> Trudeau greeted Spavor and Kovrig at the airport upon their repatriation. In 2024, Spavor was awarded $7 million in compensation for his arrest and detainment. Although Trudeau repeatedly claimed the two were arbitrarily targeted, it was later reported Spavor had unwittingly participated in espionage by sharing information on North Korea with Kovrig who then passed it onto the Canadian government.<a href="#cite_note-328">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[326]</a> In a similar fashion, Canada's relationship with Saudi Arabia was also put under strain, as human rights groups called on Trudeau to stop selling military equipment to that country under a deal struck by the Harper government. In 2018, Saudi Arabia recalled its Canadian ambassador and froze trade with the country in response to Canada's call for the Saudis to release opposition blogger <a href="/wiki/Raif_Badawi" title="Raif Badawi">Raif Badawi</a>. However, in 2019, Canada doubled its weapons sales to Saudi Arabia, despite a "moratorium on export permits following the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamal_Khashoggi" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Jamal Khashoggi">killing of the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi</a> and mounting civilian deaths from the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen</a>."<a href="#cite_note-:1-330">[327]</a> In September 2023, Trudeau said that the government of Canada had "credible intelligence" that the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">government of India</a> was involved in the killing of a Canadian citizen, <a href="/wiki/Hardeep_Singh_Nijjar" title="Hardeep Singh Nijjar">Hardeep Singh Nijjar</a>, outside a <a href="/wiki/Sikh_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh temple">Sikh temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Surrey,_British_Columbia" title="Surrey, British Columbia">Surrey</a>. This episode caused a rapid deterioration of <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Canada–India relations">Canada–India relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-331">[328]</a> In 2020, Canada lost its bid to join the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>. This was the second time Canada had failed an attempt to join the Security Council, the first time being in 2009 under Prime Minister Stephen Harper.<a href="#cite_note-332">[329]</a> In October 7, 2023, Trudeau condemned <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>' actions during the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> and expressed his support to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and its right to self-defence.<a href="#cite_note-333">[330]</a> On October 24, he rejected calls for a ceasefire but said he supported "humanitarian pauses" to deliver aid to the people of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-334">[331]</a> On December 12, in a joint statement with the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a>, Trudeau called for a "sustainable ceasefire" in the war.<a href="#cite_note-335">[332]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trudeau_family" title="Trudeau family">Trudeau family</a></div> Trudeau first met <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Gr%C3%A9goire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie Grégoire">Sophie Grégoire</a> when they were both children growing up in Montreal; Grégoire was a classmate and childhood friend of Trudeau's youngest brother, Michel.<a href="#cite_note-GM_Family_Album-336">[333]</a> They reconnected as adults in June 2003, when Grégoire, by then a Quebec television personality, was assigned as Trudeau's co-host for a charity ball; they began dating several months later. Trudeau and Grégoire became engaged in October 2004 and married on May 28, 2005, in a ceremony at Montreal's Sainte-Madeleine d'Outremont Church.<a href="#cite_note-cbc2005-337">[334]</a> They have three children: a son, Xavier, a daughter, Ella-Grace, and a second son, Hadrien.<a href="#cite_note-338">[335]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_and_Sophie_Trudeau_-_Global_Citizen_Festival_Hamburg_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Justin_and_Sophie_Trudeau_-_Global_Citizen_Festival_Hamburg_08.jpg/220px-Justin_and_Sophie_Trudeau_-_Global_Citizen_Festival_Hamburg_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Justin_and_Sophie_Trudeau_-_Global_Citizen_Festival_Hamburg_08.jpg/330px-Justin_and_Sophie_Trudeau_-_Global_Citizen_Festival_Hamburg_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Justin_and_Sophie_Trudeau_-_Global_Citizen_Festival_Hamburg_08.jpg/440px-Justin_and_Sophie_Trudeau_-_Global_Citizen_Festival_Hamburg_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3342" data-file-height="2134" /></a><figcaption>Trudeau with his wife <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Gr%C3%A9goire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie Grégoire">Sophie Grégoire</a> at the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Global_Citizen_Festival" title="Global Citizen Festival">Global Citizen Festival</a> in Hamburg on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/2017_G20_Hamburg_summit" title="2017 G20 Hamburg summit">G20 Hamburg summit</a>.</figcaption></figure> In June 2013, two months after Trudeau became the leader of the Liberal Party, the couple sold their home in the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-des-Neiges" title="Côte-des-Neiges">Côte-des-Neiges</a> neighbourhood of Montreal.<a href="#cite_note-2013_Move-339">[336]</a> They began living in a rented home in Ottawa's <a href="/wiki/Rockcliffe_Park" title="Rockcliffe Park">Rockcliffe Park</a>, the neighbourhood near where Trudeau resided as a child during his father's time as prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-2013_Move-339">[336]</a> On August 18, 2014, an intruder broke into the house while Grégoire and the couple's three children were sleeping and left a threatening note; however, nothing was stolen and there was no damage to the property. Following the incident, Trudeau, who was in <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a> at the time of the break-in, stated his intention to inquire with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police about his home security.<a href="#cite_note-340">[337]</a> After his 2015 electoral victory, Trudeau opted to live at <a href="/wiki/Rideau_Cottage" title="Rideau Cottage">Rideau Cottage</a>, on the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Rideau_Hall" title="Rideau Hall">Rideau Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rideau_Cottage-341">[338]</a> On August 2, 2023, Trudeau announced he and Grégoire had separated.<a href="#cite_note-342">[339]</a> On August 21, Trudeau said he was focusing on his children and the future.<a href="#cite_note-343">[340]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> Trudeau's father was a devout <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a><a href="#cite_note-Memoir-344">[341]</a> and his mother converted from <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Canada" title="Anglican Church of Canada">Anglicanism</a> to Catholicism just before their wedding.<a href="#cite_note-345">[342]</a> Trudeau himself became a <a href="/wiki/Lapsed_Catholic" title="Lapsed Catholic">lapsed Catholic</a> at age 18, as he felt that much of his day-to-day life was not addressed by the formality and structure of the church.<a href="#cite_note-Ottawa_Citizen1-51">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Longhurst-346">[343]</a> Trudeau described his faith during this period as "like so many Catholics across this country, I said, 'OK, I'm Catholic, I'm of faith, but I'm just not really going to go to church. Maybe on Easter, maybe <a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">midnight Mass</a> at Christmas.'"<a href="#cite_note-Ottawa_Citizen1-51">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Longhurst-346">[343]</a> After the death of his brother Michel in 1998, Trudeau was persuaded by a friend to participate in an <a href="/wiki/Alpha_course" title="Alpha course">Alpha course</a>, during which he regained his faith.<a href="#cite_note-Ottawa_Citizen1-51">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Longhurst-346">[343]</a> In 2011, Trudeau stated, "My own personal faith is an extremely important part of who I am and the values that I try to lead with."<a href="#cite_note-347">[344]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2></div> <div style="text-align: center"> <a href="/wiki/File:QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/100px-QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/150px-QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/200px-QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade_(Francophonie).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ordre_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade_%28Francophonie%29.gif/110px-Ordre_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade_%28Francophonie%29.gif" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ordre_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade_%28Francophonie%29.gif/165px-Ordre_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade_%28Francophonie%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Ordre_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade_%28Francophonie%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:silver; text-align:center;"> <td>Ribbon</td> <td>Description</td> <td>Notes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/100px-QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/150px-QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/200px-QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal">Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal</a> for Canada</td> <td> <ul><li>February 6, 2012: As an elected Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a>, Trudeau was awarded the medal as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_order_of_precedence" title="Canadian order of precedence">Canadian order of precedence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-348">[345]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade_(Francophonie).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ordre_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade_%28Francophonie%29.gif/110px-Ordre_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade_%28Francophonie%29.gif" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ordre_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade_%28Francophonie%29.gif/165px-Ordre_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade_%28Francophonie%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Ordre_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade_%28Francophonie%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></td> <td>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_La_Pl%C3%A9iade" title="Order of La Pléiade">Order of La Pléiade</a></td> <td> <ul><li>June 19, 2019: Trudeau received this honorary award from the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">International Organization of La Francophonie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-349">[346]</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Honorary degrees</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:20%;">Location </th> <th style="width:20%;">Date </th> <th style="width:40%;">School </th> <th style="width:20%;">Degree </th> <th style="width:20%;">Gave commencement address </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Scotland</td> <td>July 5, 2017</td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a></td> <td>Doctorate</td> <td>Yes<a href="#cite_note-350">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[348]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> New York</td> <td>May 16, 2018</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> (LL.D)</td> <td>Yes<a href="#cite_note-352">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[350]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_record">Electoral record</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Justin_Trudeau" title="Electoral history of Justin Trudeau">Electoral history of Justin Trudeau</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTrudeau2014" class="citation book cs1">Trudeau, Justin (October 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/893647393">Common Ground</a>. Toronto, Ontario: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4434-3337-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4434-3337-2"><bdi>978-1-4434-3337-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/893647393">893647393</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Common+Ground&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Ontario&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers+Ltd&rft.date=2014-10-20&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F893647393&rft.isbn=978-1-4434-3337-2&rft.aulast=Trudeau&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F893647393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> The Cabinet position was titled "minister of infrastructure, communities and intergovernmental affairs". </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> LeBlanc succeeded Trudeau in the Cabinet position, but with the title "minister of intergovernmental and northern affairs and internal trade". </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">MP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈtruːdoʊ, truːˈdoʊ/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/transcoded\/e\/ea\/Justinpierrejamestrudeau.ogg\/Justinpierrejamestrudeau.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Justinpierrejamestrudeau.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/e/ea/Justinpierrejamestrudeau.ogg/Justinpierrejamestrudeau.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Justinpierrejamestrudeau.ogg" title="File:Justinpierrejamestrudeau.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">TROO-doh, troo-DOH</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʒystɛ̃ pjɛʁ dʒɛms tʁydo]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-salary-3"><a href="#cite_ref-salary_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Salaries">"Indemnities, Salaries and Allowances"</a>. Library of Parliament. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180712224652/https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Salaries">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Parliament&rft.atitle=Indemnities%2C+Salaries+and+Allowances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flop.parl.ca%2Fsites%2FParlInfo%2Fdefault%2Fen_CA%2FPeople%2FSalaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin1971" class="citation news cs1">Griffin, Eugene (March 6, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1971/03/06/page/4/article/trudeaus-bride-takes-all-by-surprise">"Trudeau's Bride Takes All by Surprise"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. Chicago Tribune Press Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305151655/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1971/03/06/page/4/article/trudeaus-bride-takes-all-by-surprise/">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Trudeau%27s+Bride+Takes+All+by+Surprise&rft.date=1971-03-06&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1971%2F03%2F06%2Fpage%2F4%2Farticle%2Ftrudeaus-bride-takes-all-by-surprise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=twwuAAAAIBAJ&pg=1854%2C4731550">"Rumors confirmed: Mrs. Trudeau expecting, due December"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. June 24, 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502044935/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=twwuAAAAIBAJ&pg=1854,4731550">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Montreal+Gazette&rft.atitle=Rumors+confirmed%3A+Mrs.+Trudeau+expecting%2C+due+December&rft.date=1971-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DtwwuAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1854%252C4731550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VrYyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3710%2C10082">"Civic doctor for Margaret"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a>. December 1, 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211218063645/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VrYyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3710,10082">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Civic+doctor+for+Margaret&rft.date=1971-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DVrYyAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3710%252C10082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDownie1971" class="citation news cs1">Downie, Jim (December 28, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19711224&id=MZA0AAAAIBAJ&pg=3055,3625264&hl=en">"Justin just like dad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125194358/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19711224&id=MZA0AAAAIBAJ&pg=3055,3625264&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Justin+just+like+dad&rft.date=1971-12-28&rft.aulast=Downie&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D2194%26dat%3D19711224%26id%3DMZA0AAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3055%2C3625264%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BXdSAAAAIBAJ&pg=4654,4743756&dq=justin+trudeau+john+a+macdonald+born&hl=en">"Welcome, Justin Trudeau"</a>. <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a>. December 31, 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502044935/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BXdSAAAAIBAJ&pg=4654,4743756&dq=justin+trudeau+john+a+macdonald+born&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.atitle=Welcome%2C+Justin+Trudeau&rft.date=1971-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DBXdSAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4654%2C4743756%26dq%3Djustin%2Btrudeau%2Bjohn%2Ba%2Bmacdonald%2Bborn%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-English2007-10"><a href="#cite_ref-English2007_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish2007" class="citation book cs1">English, John (August 28, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jNuHfl3U4fUC&pg=PA205">Citizen of the World: The Life of Pierre Elliott Trudeau Volume One: 1919–1968</a>. Knopf Canada. pp. 205–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-676-97522-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-676-97522-2"><bdi>978-0-676-97522-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731194203/http://books.google.com/books?id=jNuHfl3U4fUC&pg=PA205">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2013. Retrieved May 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizen+of+the+World%3A+The+Life+of+Pierre+Elliott+Trudeau+Volume+One%3A+1919%E2%80%931968&rft.pages=205-&rft.pub=Knopf+Canada&rft.date=2007-08-28&rft.isbn=978-0-676-97522-2&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjNuHfl3U4fUC%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perche-quebec.com/justin-trudeau/individus/justin-trudeau-en.htm">"The ancestry of Justin Trudeau"</a>. perche-quebec.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926131135/https://www.perche-quebec.com/justin-trudeau/individus/justin-trudeau-en.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=perche-quebec.com&rft.atitle=The+ancestry+of+Justin+Trudeau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perche-quebec.com%2Fjustin-trudeau%2Findividus%2Fjustin-trudeau-en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1797431899">"Pierre Trudeau toughens up"</a>. CBC Digital Archives. January 9, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118221347/http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1797431899">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2015. Retrieved November 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+Digital+Archives&rft.atitle=Pierre+Trudeau+toughens+up&rft.date=1994-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fplayer%2Fplay%2F1797431899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-surprised_wedding-13"><a href="#cite_ref-surprised_wedding_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/colleagues-family-discuss-secret-trudeau-wedding">"Colleagues, family discuss secret Trudeau wedding"</a>. CBC Digital Archives. March 5, 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/colleagues-family-discuss-secret-trudeau-wedding">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+Digital+Archives&rft.atitle=Colleagues%2C+family+discuss+secret+Trudeau+wedding&rft.date=1971-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Farchives%2Fentry%2Fcolleagues-family-discuss-secret-trudeau-wedding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508193255/http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=d59901cd-17d4-4346-9114-11a9957eaea7&Language=E&Section=ALL">"SINCLAIR, The Hon. James, P.C."</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=d59901cd-17d4-4346-9114-11a9957eaea7&Language=E&Section=ALL">the original</a> on May 8, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SINCLAIR%2C+The+Hon.+James%2C+P.C.&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Fparlinfo%2FFiles%2FParliamentarian.aspx%3FItem%3Dd59901cd-17d4-4346-9114-11a9957eaea7%26Language%3DE%26Section%3DALL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mother-15"><a href="#cite_ref-mother_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/whodoyouthinkyouare/2012/09/margaret-trudeau.html">"Margaret Trudeau"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130109022600/http://www.cbc.ca/whodoyouthinkyouare/2012/09/margaret-trudeau.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+Television&rft.atitle=Margaret+Trudeau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fwhodoyouthinkyouare%2F2012%2F09%2Fmargaret-trudeau.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/immigration/immigration-records/passenger-lists/passenger-lists-1865-1922/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=15662&">"Passenger lists of the AORANGI arriving in Vancouver, British Columbia on 1906-06"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>. February 17, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104025049/http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/immigration/immigration-records/passenger-lists/passenger-lists-1865-1922/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=15662&">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft.atitle=Passenger+lists+of+the+AORANGI+arriving+in+Vancouver%2C+British+Columbia+on+1906-06&rft.date=2016-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bac-lac.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fdiscover%2Fimmigration%2Fimmigration-records%2Fpassenger-lists%2Fpassenger-lists-1865-1922%2FPages%2Fitem.aspx%3FIdNumber%3D15662%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGartland2017" class="citation news cs1">Gartland, Fiona (June 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/rebel-roots-justin-trudeau-s-irish-ancestry-from-co-cork-revealed-1.3143429">"Rebel roots: Justin Trudeau's Irish ancestry from Co Cork revealed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007122106/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/rebel-roots-justin-trudeau-s-irish-ancestry-from-co-cork-revealed-1.3143429">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Rebel+roots%3A+Justin+Trudeau%27s+Irish+ancestry+from+Co+Cork+revealed&rft.date=2017-06-04&rft.aulast=Gartland&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Frebel-roots-justin-trudeau-s-irish-ancestry-from-co-cork-revealed-1.3143429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Mahony2017" class="citation news cs1">O'Mahony, Kieran (July 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southernstar.ie/news/roundup/articles/2017/07/10/4142853-bandon-claims-trudeau-justin-time">"Bandon claims Trudeau Just-In time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Southern_Star_(County_Cork)" title="The Southern Star (County Cork)">The Southern Star</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180505204737/http://www.southernstar.ie/news/roundup/articles/2017/07/10/4142853-bandon-claims-trudeau-justin-time">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Southern+Star&rft.atitle=Bandon+claims+Trudeau+Just-In+time&rft.date=2017-07-10&rft.aulast=O%27Mahony&rft.aufirst=Kieran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southernstar.ie%2Fnews%2Froundup%2Farticles%2F2017%2F07%2F10%2F4142853-bandon-claims-trudeau-justin-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bandon-genealogy.com/Bernards_of_Palace_Anne.htm">"The Bernards of Palace Anne"</a>. Bandon Cork Ancestors and Genealogy Heritage Roots Ireland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407000801/http://www.bandon-genealogy.com/Bernards_of_Palace_Anne.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bandon+Cork+Ancestors+and+Genealogy+Heritage+Roots+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+Bernards+of+Palace+Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bandon-genealogy.com%2FBernards_of_Palace_Anne.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSin2018" class="citation news cs1">Sin, Yuen (November 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/canadian-prime-minister-justin-trudeau-traces-family-links-to-singapore-at-fort-canning">"Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau traces family links to Singapore at Fort Canning Park"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181121055654/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/canadian-prime-minister-justin-trudeau-traces-family-links-to-singapore-at-fort-canning">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved November 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Canadian+Prime+Minister+Justin+Trudeau+traces+family+links+to+Singapore+at+Fort+Canning+Park&rft.date=2018-11-15&rft.aulast=Sin&rft.aufirst=Yuen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fsingapore%2Fcanadian-prime-minister-justin-trudeau-traces-family-links-to-singapore-at-fort-canning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> "<a href="/wiki/Stamford_Raffles" title="Stamford Raffles">Stamford Raffles</a> was not above sneering at Farquhar's Malay wife and the children by her he had acknowledged. 'The Maya connexion', he termed them archly."<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarley1991" class="citation book cs1">Barley, Nigel (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=159wAAAAMAAJ">The Duke of Puddle Dock: Travels in the Footsteps of Stamford Raffles</a>. Great Britain: Viking. p. 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670836420" title="Special:BookSources/9780670836420"><bdi>9780670836420</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116003242/https://books.google.com/books?id=159wAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Duke+of+Puddle+Dock%3A+Travels+in+the+Footsteps+of+Stamford+Raffles&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780670836420&rft.aulast=Barley&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D159wAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2005" class="citation book cs1">Ford, D. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:78037">The world of Antoinette Clement: Colonial mistress</a>. Australia: University of Queensland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002318/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ%3A78037">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+world+of+Antoinette+Clement%3A+Colonial+mistress&rft.place=Australia&rft.pub=University+of+Queensland&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fespace.library.uq.edu.au%2Fview%2FUQ%3A78037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHedemann1994" class="citation book cs1">Hedemann, Nancy Oakley (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oNpIAAAAMAAJ">A Scottish-Hawaiian story: the Purvis family in the Sandwich Islands</a>. Book Crafters. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780964402003" title="Special:BookSources/9780964402003"><bdi>9780964402003</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116033621/https://books.google.com/books?id=oNpIAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Scottish-Hawaiian+story%3A+the+Purvis+family+in+the+Sandwich+Islands&rft.pub=Book+Crafters&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780964402003&rft.aulast=Hedemann&rft.aufirst=Nancy+Oakley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoNpIAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas-Home1996" class="citation book cs1">Douglas-Home, Jessica (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LogHAQAAMAAJ">Violet: The Life and Loves of Violet Gordon Woodhouse</a>. Harvill Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781860462696" title="Special:BookSources/9781860462696"><bdi>9781860462696</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116051226/https://books.google.com/books?id=LogHAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Violet%3A+The+Life+and+Loves+of+Violet+Gordon+Woodhouse&rft.pub=Harvill+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781860462696&rft.aulast=Douglas-Home&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLogHAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2011" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Artemis (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cYAKPntbPi4C">Writing at the Kitchen Table: The Authorized Biography of Elizabeth David</a>. <a href="/wiki/Faber_%26_Faber" title="Faber & Faber">Faber & Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780571279777" title="Special:BookSources/9780571279777"><bdi>9780571279777</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115170748/https://books.google.com/books?id=cYAKPntbPi4C">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+at+the+Kitchen+Table%3A+The+Authorized+Biography+of+Elizabeth+David&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780571279777&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Artemis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcYAKPntbPi4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillespie2015" class="citation news cs1">Gillespie, Mike (January 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/44484158">"It's 'Justin Pierre James' – Trudeau baby baptized"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Ottawa_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ottawa Journal">The Ottawa Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117070849/http://www.newspapers.com/image/44484158">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2015. <q>Justin remained perfectly quiet when the prime minister and his wife took their places in the baptistry, accompanied by Mr. Trudeau's niece, Marie Anne Rouleau-Danis, and a stand-in for Thomas Walker, the PM's brother-in-law, who, along, with Mrs. Roulea-Danis, are the baby's godparents.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ottawa+Journal&rft.atitle=It%27s+%27Justin+Pierre+James%27+%E2%80%93+Trudeau+baby+baptized&rft.date=2015-01-17&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F44484158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatling2016" class="citation news cs1">Catling, Len (May 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gothunderbirds.ca/news/2016/5/18/football-o-connor-returns-home-to-ottawa-meets-prime-minister.aspx">"O'Connor returns home to Ottawa, meets Prime Minister"</a>. The University of British Columbia Athletic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916054454/http://www.gothunderbirds.ca/news/2016/5/18/football-o-connor-returns-home-to-ottawa-meets-prime-minister.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved September 15, 2017. <q>"My uncle played for the Lions," replied the Prime Minister. "Tom Walker played for them." The Prime Minister is referring to defensive tackle Tom Walker, who donned BC Lions colours in the early sixities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=O%27Connor+returns+home+to+Ottawa%2C+meets+Prime+Minister&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft.aulast=Catling&rft.aufirst=Len&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gothunderbirds.ca%2Fnews%2F2016%2F5%2F18%2Ffootball-o-connor-returns-home-to-ottawa-meets-prime-minister.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19720117&id=zcZOAAAAIBAJ&pg=1937,5989636&hl=en">"Canada Premier's Son Christened in Ottawa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Blade_(Toledo)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Blade (Toledo)">The Blade</a>. Reuters. January 17, 1972. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022141321/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19720117&id=zcZOAAAAIBAJ&pg=1937%2C5989636&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Blade&rft.atitle=Canada+Premier%27s+Son+Christened+in+Ottawa&rft.date=1972-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1350%26dat%3D19720117%26id%3DzcZOAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1937%2C5989636%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grafstein_2019_p._1-PT102-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Grafstein_2019_p._1-PT102_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrafstein2019" class="citation book cs1">Grafstein, J.S. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rFYEEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT102">A Leader Must Be a Leader: Encounters With Eleven Prime Ministers</a>. Mosaic Press. p. 1-PT102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77161-409-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77161-409-2"><bdi>978-1-77161-409-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211803/https://books.google.com/books?id=rFYEEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT102#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2024. Retrieved September 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Leader+Must+Be+a+Leader%3A+Encounters+With+Eleven+Prime+Ministers&rft.pages=1-PT102&rft.pub=Mosaic+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-77161-409-2&rft.aulast=Grafstein&rft.aufirst=J.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrFYEEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PT102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tJBPAAAAIBAJ&pg=1625%2C990999">"Nixon, Trudeau sign treaty: Great Lakes cleanup is multi-billion job"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Bryan_Times" title="The Bryan Times">The Bryan Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. April 15, 1972. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022141318/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tJBPAAAAIBAJ&pg=1625%2C990999">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bryan+Times&rft.atitle=Nixon%2C+Trudeau+sign+treaty%3A+Great+Lakes+cleanup+is+multi-billion+job&rft.date=1972-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DtJBPAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1625%252C990999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=j6NUAAAAIBAJ&pg=6898%2C772477">"'Snoopy' gift from Nixon's"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Record_(Washington)" title="Daily Record (Washington)">Daily Record</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. April 15, 1972. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021232314/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=j6NUAAAAIBAJ&pg=6898%2C772477">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Record&rft.atitle=%27Snoopy%27+gift+from+Nixon%27s&rft.date=1972-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3Dj6NUAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6898%252C772477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuvinsky2015" class="citation news cs1">Ruvinsky, Auren (November 10, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pqbnews.com/news/344832482.html">"Parksville man discusses scene around some baby pictures he took of Justin Trudeau"</a>. Parksville Qualicum Beach News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117034956/http://www.pqbnews.com/news/344832482.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parksville+Qualicum+Beach+News&rft.atitle=Parksville+man+discusses+scene+around+some+baby+pictures+he+took+of+Justin+Trudeau&rft.date=2015-11-10&rft.aulast=Ruvinsky&rft.aufirst=Auren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pqbnews.com%2Fnews%2F344832482.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/28/archives/trudeaus-separate-he-keeps-children-trudeau-and-his-wife-separate.html">"Trudeaus Separate; He Keeps Children (Published 1977)"</a>. The New York Times. May 28, 1977. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011005159/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/28/archives/trudeaus-separate-he-keeps-children-trudeau-and-his-wife-separate.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2021. <q>Trudeau and his wife jointly announce they have separated and that Mr Trudeau will have custody of their 3 sons; ...MrsTrudeau would have "generous access" to the children, Justin, 5 years old, Sacha, 4, and Michel, 1.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trudeaus+Separate%3B+He+Keeps+Children+%28Published+1977%29&rft.date=1977-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F05%2F28%2Farchives%2Ftrudeaus-separate-he-keeps-children-trudeau-and-his-wife-separate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Hara1979" class="citation news cs1">O'Hara, Jane (December 3, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/when-pierre-put-his-boys-first">"When Pierre put his boys first"</a>. Maclean's Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151204075456/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/when-pierre-put-his-boys-first/">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=When+Pierre+put+his+boys+first&rft.date=1979-12-03&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fottawa%2Fwhen-pierre-put-his-boys-first&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19840405&id=9gowAAAAIBAJ&pg=6489,1184177&hl=en">"Trudeaus' divorce has become final: Report"</a>. The Gazette. Montreal. April 5, 1984. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022081101/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19840405&id=9gowAAAAIBAJ&pg=6489%2C1184177&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Trudeaus%27+divorce+has+become+final%3A+Report&rft.date=1984-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1946%26dat%3D19840405%26id%3D9gowAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6489%2C1184177%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WoodgerBurg2006-36"><a href="#cite_ref-WoodgerBurg2006_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElin_WoodgerDavid_F._Burg2006" class="citation book cs1">Elin Woodger; David F. Burg (March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uV9S7TCG2VYC&pg=PA414">The 1980s</a>. <a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Infobase Publishing">Infobase Publishing</a>. p. 414. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5809-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5809-9"><bdi>978-0-8160-5809-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731195713/http://books.google.com/books?id=uV9S7TCG2VYC&pg=PA414">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2013. Retrieved May 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+1980s&rft.pages=414&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2006-03&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5809-9&rft.au=Elin+Woodger&rft.au=David+F.+Burg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuV9S7TCG2VYC%26pg%3DPA414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaver1979" class="citation news cs1">Laver, Ross (October 31, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19771031&id=970yAAAAIBAJ&pg=6187,11452806&hl=en">"Nostalgic nanny"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211218063622/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19771031&id=970yAAAAIBAJ&pg=6187,11452806&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Nostalgic+nanny&rft.date=1979-10-31&rft.aulast=Laver&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D2194%26dat%3D19771031%26id%3D970yAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6187%2C11452806%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampion-Smith2009" class="citation news cs1">Campion-Smith, Bruce (June 20, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2009/07/20/justin_on_growing_up_trudeau.html">"Justin on growing up Trudeau"</a>. Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141107221601/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2009/07/20/justin_on_growing_up_trudeau.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Justin+on+growing+up+Trudeau&rft.date=2009-06-20&rft.aulast=Campion-Smith&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2009%2F07%2F20%2Fjustin_on_growing_up_trudeau.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnzalone2008" class="citation news cs1">Anzalone, Charles (February 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bphope.com/margaret-trudeau-forgiveness-gratitude-wisdom">"Margaret Trudeau: Forgiveness, gratitude, wisdom"</a>. bpHope. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151104055209/http://www.bphope.com/margaret-trudeau-forgiveness-gratitude-wisdom/">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Margaret+Trudeau%3A+Forgiveness%2C+gratitude%2C+wisdom&rft.date=2008-02-08&rft.aulast=Anzalone&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bphope.com%2Fmargaret-trudeau-forgiveness-gratitude-wisdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopplewell2010" class="citation news cs1">Popplewell, Brett (November 24, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2010/11/24/pierre_trudeaus_daughter_sarah_lives_under_the_radar.html">"Pierre Trudeau's daughter, Sarah, lives under the radar"</a>. Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151104234827/http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2010/11/24/pierre_trudeaus_daughter_sarah_lives_under_the_radar.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Pierre+Trudeau%27s+daughter%2C+Sarah%2C+lives+under+the+radar&rft.date=2010-11-24&rft.aulast=Popplewell&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2010%2F11%2F24%2Fpierre_trudeaus_daughter_sarah_lives_under_the_radar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19790616&id=rIIuAAAAIBAJ&pg=5217,63340&hl=en">"Stornoway changes to cost $65,000"</a>. The Gazette. Montreal. June 16, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303033913/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19790616&id=rIIuAAAAIBAJ&pg=5217,63340&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved October 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Stornoway+changes+to+cost+%2465%2C000&rft.date=1979-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1946%26dat%3D19790616%26id%3DrIIuAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5217%2C63340%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanigan1979" class="citation news cs1">Janigan, Mary (September 6, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19790906&id=y4w1AAAAIBAJ&pg=3456,1816135&hl=en">"The new Trudeau: A beard holds the key"</a>. The Gazette. Montreal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125194400/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19790906&id=y4w1AAAAIBAJ&pg=3456,1816135&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+new+Trudeau%3A+A+beard+holds+the+key&rft.date=1979-09-06&rft.aulast=Janigan&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1946%26dat%3D19790906%26id%3Dy4w1AAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3456%2C1816135%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3K4yAAAAIBAJ&pg=4371%2C24947">"Maggie house hunting?"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. September 11, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126095206/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3K4yAAAAIBAJ&pg=4371%2C24947">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Maggie+house+hunting%3F&rft.date=1979-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D3K4yAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4371%252C24947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrobel1979" class="citation news cs1">Strobel, Mike (September 27, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/42950191">"'Burgh' accepts Maggie's move"</a>. The Ottawa Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117105150/http://www.newspapers.com/image/42950191/">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ottawa+Journal&rft.atitle=%27Burgh%27+accepts+Maggie%27s+move&rft.date=1979-09-27&rft.aulast=Strobel&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F42950191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19800220&id=t1sxAAAAIBAJ&pg=1441,3942042&hl=en">"It's all yours next week, Clark tells a victorious Trudeau"</a>. The Gazette. Montreal. February 20, 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220304012023/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19800220&id=t1sxAAAAIBAJ&pg=1441,3942042&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2022. Retrieved October 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=It%27s+all+yours+next+week%2C+Clark+tells+a+victorious+Trudeau&rft.date=1980-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1946%26dat%3D19800220%26id%3Dt1sxAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1441%2C3942042%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooker1983" class="citation news cs1">Brooker, Deborah (February 9, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ouhfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1352%2C4315355">"Margaret Trudeau today: a TV career, a new man – and her kids"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303021015/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ouhfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1352%2C4315355">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved November 30, 2015. <q>Q: I understand you insisted that the children attend a public school. A: Pierre wanted them from the beginning to go to a French Lycée to get a very academic education. I held out, and was able to give good arguments. Pierre has certainly agreed that they've done very well in school. They are all in French immersion, and are quite bilingual. They attend a local public school, and they're just normal little kids doing all the fun things of elementary years.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Margaret+Trudeau+today%3A+a+TV+career%2C+a+new+man+%E2%80%93+and+her+kids&rft.date=1983-02-09&rft.aulast=Brooker&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DouhfAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1352%252C4315355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoyle2015" class="citation news cs1">Coyle, Jim (October 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressreader.com/similar/283055528255552">"Growing up in the public eye"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211844/https://www.pressreader.com/similar/283055528255552">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2024. Retrieved August 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Growing+up+in+the+public+eye&rft.date=2015-10-17&rft.aulast=Coyle&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressreader.com%2Fsimilar%2F283055528255552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z08xAAAAIBAJ&pg=7008%2C1156226">"Schreyer children to get bodyguards"</a>. The Gazette. Montreal. The Canadian Press. January 12, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303203226/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z08xAAAAIBAJ&pg=7008%2C1156226">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2015. <q>A team of plainclothes RCMP officers spring into action the moment Trudeau's two oldest boys leave 24 Sussex Drive and hop on the school bus. The officers do not rest until their charges are returned home.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Schreyer+children+to+get+bodyguards&rft.date=1979-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DZ08xAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7008%252C1156226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHampson1979" class="citation news cs1">Hampson, Beatrice (November 22, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19791122&id=uKMyAAAAIBAJ&pg=5405,1184015&hl=en">"Pierre-like shrug Justin's reaction"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022204023/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19791122&id=uKMyAAAAIBAJ&pg=5405%2C1184015&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Pierre-like+shrug+Justin%27s+reaction&rft.date=1979-11-22&rft.aulast=Hampson&rft.aufirst=Beatrice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D2194%26dat%3D19791122%26id%3DuKMyAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5405%2C1184015%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118012542/http://www.manitoulin.ca/2015/10/21/perivale-gallery-owner-taught-new-pm/">"Shannon McMullan was Justin Trudeau's grade school teacher"</a>. The Manitoulin Expositor. October 21, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manitoulin.ca/2015/10/21/perivale-gallery-owner-taught-new-pm">the original</a> on November 18, 2015. Retrieved November 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Manitoulin+Expositor&rft.atitle=Shannon+McMullan+was+Justin+Trudeau%27s+grade+school+teacher&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manitoulin.ca%2F2015%2F10%2F21%2Fperivale-gallery-owner-taught-new-pm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ottawa_Citizen1-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ottawa_Citizen1_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ottawa_Citizen1_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ottawa_Citizen1_51-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ottawa_Citizen1_51-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2014" class="citation news cs1">Kennedy, Mark (October 18, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/q-and-a-justin-trudeau-in-his-own-words">"Q and A: Justin Trudeau in his own words"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151124083959/http://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/q-and-a-justin-trudeau-in-his-own-words">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Q+and+A%3A+Justin+Trudeau+in+his+own+words&rft.date=2014-10-18&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fq-and-a-justin-trudeau-in-his-own-words&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCharles2000" class="citation news cs1">MacCharles, Tonda (October 5, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/alt.gossip.celebrities/QfESiq63tIA">"Spotlight on Justin sparks talk of dynasty"</a>. Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160317214716/https://groups.google.com/forum/%23!topic/rec.sport.rugby.union/3CRJPEyFCaA#!topic/alt.gossip.celebrities/QfESiq63tIA">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Spotlight+on+Justin+sparks+talk+of+dynasty&rft.date=2000-10-05&rft.aulast=MacCharles&rft.aufirst=Tonda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fforum%2F%23%21topic%2Falt.gossip.celebrities%2FQfESiq63tIA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Camp_Ahmek-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Camp_Ahmek_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camp_Ahmek_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2007" class="citation web cs1">Grant, Hamish (January 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/https://secure.flickr.com/photos/bigdaddyhame/368948549">"Justin Trudeau's Camp Application, 1984"</a>. Flickr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://secure.flickr.com/photos/bigdaddyhame/368948549">the original</a> on January 6, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flickr&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau%27s+Camp+Application%2C+1984&rft.date=2007-01-25&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Hamish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsecure.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fbigdaddyhame%2F368948549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19791231&id=VZEjAAAAIBAJ&pg=2756,3392239&hl=en">"Trudeau checks his new house"</a>. The Gazette. Montreal. December 31, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022141319/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19791231&id=VZEjAAAAIBAJ&pg=2756%2C3392239&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Trudeau+checks+his+new+house&rft.date=1979-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1946%26dat%3D19791231%26id%3DVZEjAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2756%2C3392239%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryden2014" class="citation web cs1">Bryden, Joan (October 18, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/10/18/justin-trudeau-memoir_n_6008032.html">"Justin Trudeau Memoir Paints Frank Picture of Privileged But Painful Childhood"</a>. The Huffington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020024344/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/10/18/justin-trudeau-memoir_n_6008032.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+Memoir+Paints+Frank+Picture+of+Privileged+But+Painful+Childhood&rft.date=2014-10-18&rft.aulast=Bryden&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.ca%2F2014%2F10%2F18%2Fjustin-trudeau-memoir_n_6008032.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGatehouse2011" class="citation news cs1">Gatehouse, Jonathan (October 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/on-his-terms">"Justin Trudeau on his own terms"</a>. Maclean's Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151023000651/http://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/on-his-terms/">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+on+his+own+terms&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft.aulast=Gatehouse&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fon-his-terms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Son_Also_Rises-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Son_Also_Rises_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Son_Also_Rises_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolway" class="citation web cs1">Solway, Diane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716193158/http://www.wmagazine.com/society/2008/09/justin_trudeau?currentPage=1%3A">"The Son Also Rises"</a>. Wmagazine.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wmagazine.com/society/2008/09/justin_trudeau?currentPage=1:">the original</a> on July 16, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Son+Also+Rises&rft.pub=Wmagazine.com&rft.aulast=Solway&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmagazine.com%2Fsociety%2F2008%2F09%2Fjustin_trudeau%3FcurrentPage%3D1%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taylorstattencamps.com/tsc-history">"TSC History"</a>. The Taylor Statten Camps. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151011221832/http://www.taylorstattencamps.com/tsc-history/">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015. <q>Prime Minister Trudeau, a former Ahmek camper himself (and yes, we taught him the "Ahmek J-stroke"), sent Justin, Alexandre (Sasha) and Michel (Mike) to Ahmek. Both Justin and Mike eventually became counsellors.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Taylor+Statten+Camps&rft.atitle=TSC+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorstattencamps.com%2Ftsc-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilne" class="citation web cs1">Milne, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://4iiiisphotography.photoshelter.com/gallery/Justin-Trudeau/G00009hbCNuK5mJ4">"Justin Trudeau (7 images)"</a>. 4iiiis Photography. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/http://4iiiisphotography.photoshelter.com/gallery/Justin-Trudeau/G00009hbCNuK5mJ4">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=4iiiis+Photography&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+%287+images%29&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F4iiiisphotography.photoshelter.com%2Fgallery%2FJustin-Trudeau%2FG00009hbCNuK5mJ4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/exclusive-photo-justin-trudeau-in-his-days-as-camp-counsellor/article11443385">"Exclusive photo: Justin Trudeau in his days as camp counsellor"</a>. The Globe & Mail. April 22, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118025538/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/exclusive-photo-justin-trudeau-in-his-days-as-camp-counsellor/article11443385/">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+%26+Mail&rft.atitle=Exclusive+photo%3A+Justin+Trudeau+in+his+days+as+camp+counsellor&rft.date=2013-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Flife%2Fexclusive-photo-justin-trudeau-in-his-days-as-camp-counsellor%2Farticle11443385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=icAyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3163%2C92310">"Summer campers hold reunion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. October 21, 1986. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220304012024/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=icAyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3163%2C92310">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2022. Retrieved October 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Summer+campers+hold+reunion&rft.date=1986-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DicAyAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3163%252C92310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TrudeauEstate-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TrudeauEstate_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TrudeauEstate_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGregor2013" class="citation news cs1">McGregor, Glen (February 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/392961/justin-trudeau-reveals-details-of-his-1-2-million-inheritance/">"Justin Trudeau reveals details of his $1.2-million inheritance"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034835/https://globalnews.ca/news/392961/justin-trudeau-reveals-details-of-his-1-2-million-inheritance/">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+reveals+details+of+his+%241.2-million+inheritance&rft.date=2013-02-14&rft.aulast=McGregor&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F392961%2Fjustin-trudeau-reveals-details-of-his-1-2-million-inheritance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191017153111/https://o.canada.com/news/justin-trudeau-admits-that-he-won-the-lottery-with-1-2-million-inheritance-and-successful-speaking-business">"Justin Trudeau admits that he 'won the lottery' with $1.2 million inheritance and successful speaking business | canada.com"</a>. February 14, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://o.canada.com/news/justin-trudeau-admits-that-he-won-the-lottery-with-1-2-million-inheritance-and-successful-speaking-business">the original</a> on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Justin+Trudeau+admits+that+he+%27won+the+lottery%27+with+%241.2+million+inheritance+and+successful+speaking+business+%26%23124%3B+canada.com&rft.date=2013-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fo.canada.com%2Fnews%2Fjustin-trudeau-admits-that-he-won-the-lottery-with-1-2-million-inheritance-and-successful-speaking-business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TrudeauArchitecture-64"><a href="#cite_ref-TrudeauArchitecture_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamsMacdonell2016" class="citation journal cs1">Adams, Annmarie; Macdonell, Cameron (June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/689984">"Making Himself at Home: Cormier, Trudeau, and the Architecture of Domestic Masculinity"</a>. Winterthur Portfolio. 50 (2/3): 151–189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F689984">10.1086/689984</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0084-0416">0084-0416</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164255409">164255409</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034835/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/689984">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winterthur+Portfolio&rft.atitle=Making+Himself+at+Home%3A+Cormier%2C+Trudeau%2C+and+the+Architecture+of+Domestic+Masculinity&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=151-189&rft.date=2016-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164255409%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0084-0416&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F689984&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Annmarie&rft.au=Macdonell%2C+Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2F10.1086%2F689984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CountryEstate-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CountryEstate_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CountryEstate_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoncasLangloisSanchez2016" class="citation news cs1">Joncas, Hugo; Langlois, Philippe; Sanchez, Sarah (January 30, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2016/01/30/justin-trudeau-et-son-frere-heritent-dun-domaine-de-27m-1">"Justin Trudeau et son frère héritent d'un domaine de 2,7M$"</a>. TVA Nouvelles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034836/https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2016/01/30/justin-trudeau-et-son-frere-heritent-dun-domaine-de-27m-1">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TVA+Nouvelles&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+et+son+fr%C3%A8re+h%C3%A9ritent+d%27un+domaine+de+2%2C7M%24&rft.date=2016-01-30&rft.aulast=Joncas&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft.au=Langlois%2C+Philippe&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvanouvelles.ca%2F2016%2F01%2F30%2Fjustin-trudeau-et-son-frere-heritent-dun-domaine-de-27m-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HuffPostBio-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HuffPostBio_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HuffPostBio_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HuffPostBio_66-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj2013" class="citation news cs1">Raj, Althia (March 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/03/05/contender-justin-trudeau-story-ebook-part-1_n_2782493.html">"Contender: The Justin Trudeau Story"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150622125650/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/03/05/contender-justin-trudeau-story-ebook-part-1_n_2782493.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2015. Retrieved October 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Contender%3A+The+Justin+Trudeau+Story&rft.date=2013-03-05&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=Althia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.ca%2F2013%2F03%2F05%2Fcontender-justin-trudeau-story-ebook-part-1_n_2782493.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCabe2015" class="citation news cs1">McCabe, Daniel (October 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120164221/http://publications.mcgill.ca/mcgillnews/2015/10/21/portrait-of-the-pm-designate-as-a-young-man/">"Portrait of the PM-designate as a young man"</a>. McGill News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.mcgill.ca/mcgillnews/2015/10/21/portrait-of-the-pm-designate-as-a-young-man">the original</a> on November 20, 2015. Retrieved November 19, 2015. <q>Trudeau joined the McGill Debating Union at the invitation of a new acquaintance, Butts, then the debating union's vice-president. The two forged a close friendship at McGill that endures today...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=McGill+News&rft.atitle=Portrait+of+the+PM-designate+as+a+young+man&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.aulast=McCabe&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.mcgill.ca%2Fmcgillnews%2F2015%2F10%2F21%2Fportrait-of-the-pm-designate-as-a-young-man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2015" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Charlie (November 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straight.com/news/568821/vancouver-building-used-be-home-justin-trudeau-damaged-after-ambulance-crashes-limousine">"Vancouver building that used to be home to Justin Trudeau damaged after ambulance crashes into limousine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Georgia_Straight" title="The Georgia Straight">The Georgia Straight</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151104053446/http://www.straight.com/news/568821/vancouver-building-used-be-home-justin-trudeau-damaged-after-ambulance-crashes-limousine">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Straight&rft.atitle=Vancouver+building+that+used+to+be+home+to+Justin+Trudeau+damaged+after+ambulance+crashes+into+limousine&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straight.com%2Fnews%2F568821%2Fvancouver-building-used-be-home-justin-trudeau-damaged-after-ambulance-crashes-limousine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> "Justin Trudeau described by friends as down-to-earth and sensitive", Canadian Press, October 4, 2000, 03:25; Tonda MacCharles, "Son 'most like Pierre' relishes his privacy; While Liberals talk about dynasty, Justin looks forward to returning to teaching job", Kitchener-Waterloo Record, October 5, 2000, A06; Justin Trudeau, "Something I'm passionate about", The Globe and Mail, February 3, 2001, A11; Gloria Galloway, "Justin Trudeau delivers motivational speech to Ontario teachers", The Canadian Press, April 27, 2001, 14:50; "Students should learn to be brave, Trudeau says", Globe and Mail, April 28, 2001, A9. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> "Justin Trudeau tells education conference he plans return to teaching", Canadian Press, February 28, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news2/politics/canadavotes2011/myelection/ridings/082">"Canada Votes 2011: Ridings: Papineau"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160221225444/http://www.cbc.ca/news2/politics/canadavotes2011/myelection/ridings/082/">Archived</a> February 21, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved October 25, 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshifa_Kassam2018" class="citation news cs1">Ashifa Kassam (July 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/02/justin-trudeau-denies-groping-reporter-music-festival-2000-british-columbia">"Justin Trudeau 'does not remember' groping reporter at festival"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050820/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/02/justin-trudeau-denies-groping-reporter-music-festival-2000-british-columbia">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2018. Retrieved July 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+%27does+not+remember%27+groping+reporter+at+festival&rft.date=2018-07-02&rft.au=Ashifa+Kassam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fjul%2F02%2Fjustin-trudeau-denies-groping-reporter-music-festival-2000-british-columbia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRebecca_Tan2018" class="citation news cs1">Rebecca Tan (July 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/07/02/justin-trudeau-responds-to-groping-allegations-i-dont-remember-any-negative-interactions/">"Justin Trudeau responds to groping allegations: 'I don't remember any negative interactions'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703013756/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/07/02/justin-trudeau-responds-to-groping-allegations-i-dont-remember-any-negative-interactions/">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2018. Retrieved July 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+responds+to+groping+allegations%3A+%27I+don%27t+remember+any+negative+interactions%27&rft.date=2018-07-02&rft.au=Rebecca+Tan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2018%2F07%2F02%2Fjustin-trudeau-responds-to-groping-allegations-i-dont-remember-any-negative-interactions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingston2018" class="citation news cs1">Kingston, Anne (June 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/justin-trudeaus-reported-kokanee-grope-matters-but-not-for-the-obvious-reason/">"Why Justin Trudeau's reported 'Kokanee Grope' really matters"</a>. McLeans. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180806161334/https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/justin-trudeaus-reported-kokanee-grope-matters-but-not-for-the-obvious-reason/">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved August 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+Justin+Trudeau%27s+reported+%27Kokanee+Grope%27+really+matters&rft.date=2018-06-27&rft.aulast=Kingston&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fjustin-trudeaus-reported-kokanee-grope-matters-but-not-for-the-obvious-reason%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/2000-justin-trudeau-delivers-eulogy-for-his-father-pierre">"Justin Trudeau's eulogy for his father"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/2000-justin-trudeau-delivers-eulogy-for-his-father-pierre">Archived</a> January 6, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>; "Text of the eulogy given by Justin Trudeau at his father's funeral Tuesday", Canadian Press, October 3, 2000. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDube2000" class="citation news cs1">Dube, Francine (October 4, 2000). "Son's eulogy moves thousands to tears: 'It's all up to us': Dignitaries, citizens pay last respects to former PM". National Post. p. A1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/354739942">354739942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Son%27s+eulogy+moves+thousands+to+tears%3A+%27It%27s+all+up+to+us%27%3A+Dignitaries%2C+citizens+pay+last+respects+to+former+PM&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2000-10-04&rft.aulast=Dube&rft.aufirst=Francine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Andre Picard and Mark Mickleburgh, "'Je t'aime, papa' THE SON: The very private Justin becomes a very public figure", The Globe and Mail, October 4, 2000, p. A1; <a href="/wiki/Graham_Fraser" title="Graham Fraser">Graham Fraser</a>, "Trudeau children lead our farewell – Justin's eulogy a towering tribute at father's funeral", Toronto Star, October 4, 2000, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Tonda MacCharles, "Spotlight on Justin sparks talk of dynasty – Trudeau's final resting place", Toronto Star, October 5, 2000, pg. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Willa McLean, "This just in ...; CBC broadcaster revisits momentous events of past 50 years", Kitchener-Waterloo Record, February 8, 2003, pg. G3. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wsww.nosorigines.qc.ca/genealogylinker.aspx?act=profile">Nos Origines</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211812/https://www.nosorigines.qc.ca/genealogyLinkerHint.aspx">Archived</a> February 9, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Genealogy of Canada" IDs 475064 & 647509. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140512064059/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=ebc9fd2f-3f9b-4c33-8c5c-43f804b9bb76">"Justin Trudeau pleased to play war hero"</a>. Canwest News Service. April 6, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=ebc9fd2f-3f9b-4c33-8c5c-43f804b9bb76">the original</a> on May 12, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canwest+News+Service&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+pleased+to+play+war+hero&rft.date=2007-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Ftopics%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3Debc9fd2f-3f9b-4c33-8c5c-43f804b9bb76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopper2012" class="citation news cs1">Hopper, Tristin (October 5, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/10/05/theres-so-much-attention-on-me-fathers-legacies-loom-large-for-children-of-canadian-prime-ministers/">"'There's so much attention on me': Fathers' legacies loom large for children of Canadian prime ministers"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20121008074735/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/10/05/theres-so-much-attention-on-me-fathers-legacies-loom-large-for-children-of-canadian-prime-ministers/">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=%27There%27s+so+much+attention+on+me%27%3A+Fathers%27+legacies+loom+large+for+children+of+Canadian+prime+ministers&rft.date=2012-10-05&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=Tristin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2F2012%2F10%2F05%2Ftheres-so-much-attention-on-me-fathers-legacies-loom-large-for-children-of-canadian-prime-ministers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2012" class="citation news cs1">Newman, Peter C. (September 18, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/2012/09/18/trudeaus-big-leap">"Trudeau's big leap—like father, like son"</a>. Maclean's Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130304230004/http://www2.macleans.ca/2012/09/18/trudeaus-big-leap/">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=Trudeau%27s+big+leap%E2%80%94like+father%2C+like+son&rft.date=2012-09-18&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2F2012%2F09%2F18%2Ftrudeaus-big-leap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStetski2001" class="citation news cs1">Stetski, Wayne (April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927181723/http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/publications/visions/visions_apr01.pdf">"The Kokanee Glacier Alpine Campaign"</a> (PDF). Visions BC Parks Newsletter. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/publications/visions/visions_apr01.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 27, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visions+BC+Parks+Newsletter&rft.atitle=The+Kokanee+Glacier+Alpine+Campaign&rft.date=2001-04&rft.aulast=Stetski&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.env.gov.bc.ca%2Fbcparks%2Fpublications%2Fvisions%2Fvisions_apr01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Carol Harrington, "Trudeau takes on B.C. – Son of late PM decries cuts to public avalanche bulletins", Toronto Star, January 12, 2002, A24. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/trudeau-son-decries-avalanche-warning-cut/article1020771/">"Trudeau son decries avalanche-warning cut"</a>. The Globe and Mail. January 12, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808155712/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/trudeau-son-decries-avalanche-warning-cut/article1020771/">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Trudeau+son+decries+avalanche-warning+cut&rft.date=2002-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftrudeau-son-decries-avalanche-warning-cut%2Farticle1020771%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaimet2002" class="citation news cs1">Jaimet, Kate (November 3, 2002). "Trudeau retains '60s ideals: Lauds Katimavik's promotion of social causes". <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Herald" title="Calgary Herald">Calgary Herald</a>. p. A6. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/245011416">245011416</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=Trudeau+retains+%2760s+ideals%3A+Lauds+Katimavik%27s+promotion+of+social+causes&rft.pages=A6&rft.date=2002-11-03&rft.aulast=Jaimet&rft.aufirst=Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerson2006" class="citation news cs1">Gerson, Jen (March 21, 2006). "Captain Katimavik; Justin Trudeau comes to town to promote youth volunteer program, look cool". <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. p. C4. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/438945155">438945155</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Captain+Katimavik%3B+Justin+Trudeau+comes+to+town+to+promote+youth+volunteer+program%2C+look+cool&rft.pages=C4&rft.date=2006-03-21&rft.aulast=Gerson&rft.aufirst=Jen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"CBC Radio picks five books for second round of Canada Reads series". <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. November 19, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/359657937">359657937</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CBC+Radio+picks+five+books+for+second+round+of+Canada+Reads+series&rft.date=2002-11-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Bookmark your calendar: Canada Book Week turns the page on Canada Book Day". <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Herald" title="Calgary Herald">Calgary Herald</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. April 22, 2003. p. B13. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/2263299823">2263299823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=Bookmark+your+calendar%3A+Canada+Book+Week+turns+the+page+on+Canada+Book+Day&rft.pages=B13&rft.date=2003-04-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/life-on-campus/peace-and-conflict-studies-centre-named-for-trudeau">"Peace and Conflict Studies Centre Named for Trudeau"</a>. University of Toronto Magazine. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130728025751/http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/life-on-campus/peace-and-conflict-studies-centre-named-for-trudeau/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Peace+and+Conflict+Studies+Centre+Named+for+Trudeau&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.magazine.utoronto.ca%2Flife-on-campus%2Fpeace-and-conflict-studies-centre-named-for-trudeau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Justin Trudeau to host glitzy Giller prize gala". <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Region_Record" title="Waterloo Region Record">The Record</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. October 27, 2006. p. D12. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/267191304">267191304</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Record&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+to+host+glitzy+Giller+prize+gala&rft.pages=D12&rft.date=2006-10-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeltrame2013" class="citation news cs1">Beltrame, Julian (April 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/justin-trudeau-says-lofty-expectations-have-always-followed-him-1.1237627">"Justin Trudeau says lofty expectations have always followed him"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CTV_News" title="CTV News">CTV News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130418061126/http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/justin-trudeau-says-lofty-expectations-have-always-followed-him-1.1237627">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+says+lofty+expectations+have+always+followed+him&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.aulast=Beltrame&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fjustin-trudeau-says-lofty-expectations-have-always-followed-him-1.1237627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBueckert2005" class="citation news cs1">Bueckert, Dennis (May 16, 2005). "Justin Trudeau denounces mine near park his father created: Vancouver company wants to build massive mine with access through Nahanni watershed". The Vancouver Sun. p. D10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Vancouver+Sun&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+denounces+mine+near+park+his+father+created%3A+Vancouver+company+wants+to+build+massive+mine+with+access+through+Nahanni+watershed&rft.pages=D10&rft.date=2005-05-16&rft.aulast=Bueckert&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrudeau2005" class="citation news cs1">Trudeau, Justin (November 7, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/we-hold-the-nahanni-in-trust-for-the-world-lets-protect-it/article4180594/">"We hold the Nahanni in trust for the world. Let's protect it"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160209062543/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/we-hold-the-nahanni-in-trust-for-the-world-lets-protect-it/article4180594/">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=We+hold+the+Nahanni+in+trust+for+the+world.+Let%27s+protect+it&rft.date=2005-11-07&rft.aulast=Trudeau&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fopinion%2Fwe-hold-the-nahanni-in-trust-for-the-world-lets-protect-it%2Farticle4180594%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Dallaire wants to mobilize young Canadians to support Darfur intervention". The Canadian Press. September 13, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dallaire+wants+to+mobilize+young+Canadians+to+support+Darfur+intervention&rft.date=2006-09-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Trudeau, Dallaire to lead Darfur rally". Toronto Star. September 17, 2006. p. A06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Trudeau%2C+Dallaire+to+lead+Darfur+rally&rft.pages=A06&rft.date=2006-09-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaved" class="citation news cs1">Javed, Noor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130628045330/http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2006/09/18/1857216.html">"Dallaire says Canada should take leadership role in Darfur"</a>. CNews. Archived from the original on June 28, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNews&rft.atitle=Dallaire+says+Canada+should+take+leadership+role+in+Darfur&rft.aulast=Javed&rft.aufirst=Noor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnews.canoe.ca%2FCNEWS%2FCanada%2F2006%2F09%2F18%2F1857216.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Poirier, Patricia. "Trudeau's son offers his support to Turner", <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>, September 16, 1988, pg. A8. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaber2000" class="citation news cs1">Taber, Jane (October 4, 2000). "A teacher of drama, a riveting moment". <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>. Toronto. pp. A3. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/329715722">329715722</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=A+teacher+of+drama%2C+a+riveting+moment&rft.pages=A3&rft.date=2000-10-04&rft.aulast=Taber&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.390751">"Chrétien bids adieu to a lifetime in politics"</a>. CBC News. November 14, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211933/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/chrtien-bids-adieu-to-a-lifetime-in-politics-1.390751">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2024. Retrieved September 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chr%C3%A9tien+bids+adieu+to+a+lifetime+in+politics&rft.date=2003-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Famp%2F1.390751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Juliet O'Neill, "Justin Trudeau to spearhead youth renewal of Liberal party: Task force", National Post, April 7, 2006, p. A1 </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2006" class="citation news cs1">Gordon, Sean (October 27, 2006). "Sounding like his father, Justin Trudeau takes aim at Michael Ignatieff's idea of Quebec as a 'nation'". Toronto Star. p. A01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Sounding+like+his+father%2C+Justin+Trudeau+takes+aim+at+Michael+Ignatieff%27s+idea+of+Quebec+as+a+%27nation%27&rft.pages=A01&rft.date=2006-10-27&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerreaux2006" class="citation news cs1">Perreaux, Les (October 27, 2006). "Eldest Trudeau son takes poke at Ignatieff stand, nationalism: 'Unfortunately, some people these days are wrapped up in this idea of nation for Quebec'". The Gazette. Montreal. p. A12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Eldest+Trudeau+son+takes+poke+at+Ignatieff+stand%2C+nationalism%3A+%27Unfortunately%2C+some+people+these+days+are+wrapped+up+in+this+idea+of+nation+for+Quebec%27&rft.pages=A12&rft.date=2006-10-27&rft.aulast=Perreaux&rft.aufirst=Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacpherson2006" class="citation news cs1">Macpherson, Son (November 2, 2006). "Pass the peanut butter, it looks like Ignatieff is toast: His 'nationhood' proposal has stirred political heavies to line up against him". The Gazette. Montreal. p. A23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Pass+the+peanut+butter%2C+it+looks+like+Ignatieff+is+toast%3A+His+%27nationhood%27+proposal+has+stirred+political+heavies+to+line+up+against+him&rft.pages=A23&rft.date=2006-11-02&rft.aulast=Macpherson&rft.aufirst=Son&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2006" class="citation news cs1">Thompson, Elizabeth (November 15, 2006). "Ignatieff lacks 'wisdom' to lead: Justin Trudeau: Says Gerard Kennedy deserves closer look". The Gazette. Montreal. p. A14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+lacks+%27wisdom%27+to+lead%3A+Justin+Trudeau%3A+Says+Gerard+Kennedy+deserves+closer+look&rft.pages=A14&rft.date=2006-11-15&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoyne2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Coyne" title="Andrew Coyne">Coyne, Andrew</a> (December 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140614071015/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/story.html?id=702673aa-fed1-4cfb-af94-3ed54d57a57d&k=63212&p=1">"Kennedy's message is bold, but risky"</a>. National Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/story.html?id=702673aa-fed1-4cfb-af94-3ed54d57a57d&k=63212&p=1">the original</a> on June 14, 2014. Retrieved September 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Kennedy%27s+message+is+bold%2C+but+risky&rft.date=2006-12-02&rft.aulast=Coyne&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Fnationalpost%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D702673aa-fed1-4cfb-af94-3ed54d57a57d%26k%3D63212%26p%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Robert Benzie, "All the right moves for Kennedy; 'Kingmaker' becomes Dion's heir apparent", Toronto Star, December 3, 2006, A07. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorrigan" class="citation news cs1">Corrigan, Ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120518041406/http://www.agoracosmopolitan.com/home/Frontpage/2006/12/19/01277.html">"Liberals Elect Stephan Dion"</a>. The Canadian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agoracosmopolitan.com/home/Frontpage/2006/12/19/01277.html">the original</a> on May 18, 2012. Retrieved September 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian&rft.atitle=Liberals+Elect+Stephan+Dion&rft.aulast=Corrigan&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agoracosmopolitan.com%2Fhome%2FFrontpage%2F2006%2F12%2F19%2F01277.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/quebec-liberal-mp-jean-lapierre-to-resign-1.223633">"Quebec Liberal MP Jean Lapierre to resign"</a>. CTV News. January 11, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205142958/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070111/jean_lapierre_070111/20070111?hub=QPeriod">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved April 23, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quebec+Liberal+MP+Jean+Lapierre+to+resign&rft.pub=CTV+News&rft.date=2007-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fquebec-liberal-mp-jean-lapierre-to-resign-1.223633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordonSusan_Delacourt2007" class="citation news cs1">Gordon, Sean; Susan Delacourt (January 10, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/01/10/will_justin_trudeau_run_for_parliament_mp.html">"Will Justin Trudeau run for Parliament MP?"</a>. Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504072305/http://www.thestar.com/news/2007/01/10/will_justin_trudeau_run_for_parliament_mp.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Will+Justin+Trudeau+run+for+Parliament+MP%3F&rft.date=2007-01-10&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.au=Susan+Delacourt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2F01%2F10%2Fwill_justin_trudeau_run_for_parliament_mp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaber2007" class="citation news cs1">Taber, Jane (February 23, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/liberals-welcome-trudeau-bid-adieu-to-graham/article679791/">"Liberals welcome Trudeau, bid adieu to Graham"</a>. The Globe and Mail. p. A1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620141942/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/liberals-welcome-trudeau-bid-adieu-to-graham/article679791/">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Liberals+welcome+Trudeau%2C+bid+adieu+to+Graham&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2007-02-23&rft.aulast=Taber&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fliberals-welcome-trudeau-bid-adieu-to-graham%2Farticle679791%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Papineau_profile-113"><a href="#cite_ref-Papineau_profile_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/spotlight-on-montreal-ridings-papineau-1.3243312">"Spotlight on Montreal ridings: Papineau"</a>. CBC News. September 25, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121153622/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/spotlight-on-montreal-ridings-papineau-1.3243312">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spotlight+on+Montreal+ridings%3A+Papineau&rft.date=2015-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmontreal%2Fspotlight-on-montreal-ridings-papineau-1.3243312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods2007" class="citation news cs1">Woods, Allan (April 30, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/04/30/trudeau_wins_nomination.html">"Trudeau wins nomination"</a>. Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504071105/http://www.thestar.com/news/2007/04/30/trudeau_wins_nomination.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Trudeau+wins+nomination&rft.date=2007-04-30&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2F04%2F30%2Ftrudeau_wins_nomination.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.697527">"Trudeau pledges loyalty to constituents after Papineau win"</a>. CBC News. October 15, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211847/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/trudeau-pledges-loyalty-to-constituents-after-papineau-win-1.697527?ref=rss">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2024. Retrieved April 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trudeau+pledges+loyalty+to+constituents+after+Papineau+win&rft.date=2008-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Famp%2F1.697527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHebert2007" class="citation news cs1">Hebert, Chantal (February 27, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/opinion/columnists/2009/02/27/trudeau_looking_lonely_on_left.html">"Trudeau looking lonely on left"</a>. Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140426235103/http://www.thestar.com/opinion/columnists/2009/02/27/trudeau_looking_lonely_on_left.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Trudeau+looking+lonely+on+left&rft.date=2007-02-27&rft.aulast=Hebert&rft.aufirst=Chantal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2F2009%2F02%2F27%2Ftrudeau_looking_lonely_on_left.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Jane Taber, "Vancouver to host a Liberal love-in; the knives are to be left at home", The Globe and Mail, April 25, 2009, A4; Terry Pedwell, "Liberals won't change strategy, despite polls, say MPs", October 6, 2009, 12:06. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> "Michael Ignatieff Announces Liberal Critic Team for Return of Parliament", States News Service, September 7, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> Douglas Quan and Norma Greenway, "Feds target human smugglers in legislation", Windsor Star, October 22, 2010, pg. C1. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoan_Bryden2013" class="citation news cs1">Joan Bryden (June 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/news/Canada/justin-trudeau-promises-to-make-it-right-pat-back-hefty-speaking-fees">"Justin Trudeau promises to 'make it right,' pay back charities for his hefty speaking fees"</a>. The National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211836/https://nationalpost.com/category/news/">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2024. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Post&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+promises+to+%27make+it+right%2C%27+pay+back+charities+for+his+hefty+speaking+fees&rft.date=2013-06-16&rft.au=Joan+Bryden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2Fnews%2FCanada%2Fjustin-trudeau-promises-to-make-it-right-pat-back-hefty-speaking-fees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilcoff2013" class="citation news cs1">Silcoff, Sean (June 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/trudeau-to-offer-return-of-20000-speaking-fee/article12588572/">"Trudeau offers to reimburse organizations $20,000 for speeches"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320181221/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/trudeau-to-offer-return-of-20000-speaking-fee/article12588572/">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved February 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Trudeau+offers+to+reimburse+organizations+%2420%2C000+for+speeches&rft.date=2013-06-16&rft.aulast=Silcoff&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftrudeau-to-offer-return-of-20000-speaking-fee%2Farticle12588572%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> "Liberals rally for immediate action in Haiti", State News Service, January 13, 2010; "Liberal MP wants immigration rules relaxed for Haitians", Canada AM, January 22, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Trudeau won't rule out bid for party leadership". Ottawa Citizen. May 5, 2011. p. A3. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/865122396">865122396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Trudeau+won%27t+rule+out+bid+for+party+leadership&rft.pages=A3&rft.date=2011-05-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelacourt2011" class="citation news cs1">Delacourt, Susan (May 7, 2011). "Is the party over? Canada's 'natural governing party' faces difficult questions after Monday's shellacking". Toronto Star. p. IN1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/865089210">865089210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Is+the+party+over%3F+Canada%27s+%27natural+governing+party%27+faces+difficult+questions+after+Monday%27s+shellacking&rft.pages=IN1&rft.date=2011-05-07&rft.aulast=Delacourt&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110921151235/http://www.thespec.com/opinion/editorial/article/564463--trudeau-again">"Trudeau – again?"</a>. Hamilton Spectator. June 17, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thespec.com/opinion/editorial/article/564463--trudeau-again">the original</a> on September 21, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hamilton+Spectator&rft.atitle=Trudeau+%E2%80%93+again%3F&rft.date=2011-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespec.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorial%2Farticle%2F564463--trudeau-again&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/justin-trudeau-pumps-up-st-john-s-liberal-fundraiser-1.1175875">"Justin Trudeau pumps up St. John's Liberal fundraiser"</a>. CBC News. May 3, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615080523/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2012/05/03/nl-justin-trudeau-fundraiser-503.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+pumps+up+St.+John%27s+Liberal+fundraiser&rft.date=2012-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fjustin-trudeau-pumps-up-st-john-s-liberal-fundraiser-1.1175875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141225210343/http://www.northernlife.ca/news/localNews/2012/04/17-justin-tudeau-guest-speaker-sudbury.aspx">"Trudeau to speak at local scholarship fundraiser"</a>. Northern Life. April 17, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernlife.ca/news/localNews/2012/04/17-justin-tudeau-guest-speaker-sudbury.aspx">the original</a> on December 25, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northern+Life&rft.atitle=Trudeau+to+speak+at+local+scholarship+fundraiser&rft.date=2012-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northernlife.ca%2Fnews%2FlocalNews%2F2012%2F04%2F17-justin-tudeau-guest-speaker-sudbury.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100806223758/http://events.liberal.ca/Event/lawrence-macaulay-fundraising-dinner-with-justin-trudeau.aspx?Lang=en">"Lawrence MacAulay Fundraising Dinner with Justin Trudeau"</a>. Liberal Party of Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://events.liberal.ca/Event/lawrence-macaulay-fundraising-dinner-with-justin-trudeau.aspx?Lang=en">the original</a> on August 6, 2010. Retrieved June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lawrence+MacAulay+Fundraising+Dinner+with+Justin+Trudeau&rft.pub=Liberal+Party+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fevents.liberal.ca%2FEvent%2Flawrence-macaulay-fundraising-dinner-with-justin-trudeau.aspx%3FLang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120630014520/http://www.liberalcalgary.ca/node/153">"By-election fundraiser with Justin Trudeau"</a>. Liberal Calgary. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberalcalgary.ca/node/153">the original</a> on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=By-election+fundraiser+with+Justin+Trudeau&rft.pub=Liberal+Calgary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberalcalgary.ca%2Fnode%2F153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-boxing-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boxing_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boxing_130-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_HiltzMichael_den_Tandt2012" class="citation news cs1">Robert Hiltz; Michael den Tandt (April 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/03/31/justin-trudeau-boxing">"Justin Trudeau scores major upset in Fight for the Cure boxing match over Conservative Senator Patrick Brazeau"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120401200713/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/03/31/justin-trudeau-boxing/">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+scores+major+upset+in+Fight+for+the+Cure+boxing+match+over+Conservative+Senator+Patrick+Brazeau&rft.date=2012-04-01&rft.au=Robert+Hiltz&rft.au=Michael+den+Tandt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2F2012%2F03%2F31%2Fjustin-trudeau-boxing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlaze_Carlson2012" class="citation news cs1">Blaze Carlson, Kathryn (May 9, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/meet-stefania-capovilla-the-hairstylist-behind-these-parliament-hill-dos">"Meet Stefania Capovilla, the hairstylist behind these Parliament Hill 'dos"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160105040359/http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/meet-stefania-capovilla-the-hairstylist-behind-these-parliament-hill-dos">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2015. <q>Mr. Trudeau had, while sitting in her Somerset salon, lamented his inability to find a formidable Conservative opponent. Ms. Capovilla, who is a stylist for the SunNewsNetwork, recalled the conversation as she did Mr. Brazeau's make-up before an on-camera interview about aboriginal policy. She looked down, saw "those arms," and asked if he would square off against her Liberal friend.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Meet+Stefania+Capovilla%2C+the+hairstylist+behind+these+Parliament+Hill+%27dos&rft.date=2012-05-09&rft.aulast=Blaze+Carlson&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmeet-stefania-capovilla-the-hairstylist-behind-these-parliament-hill-dos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CTV_boxing-132"><a href="#cite_ref-CTV_boxing_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSize2012" class="citation news cs1">Size, John (April 2, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-declines-brazeau-boxing-rematch-as-debt-paid-1.790948">"Trudeau declines Brazeau boxing rematch as debt paid"</a>. CTV News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220215459/http://www.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-declines-brazeau-boxing-rematch-as-debt-paid-1.790948">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trudeau+declines+Brazeau+boxing+rematch+as+debt+paid&rft.date=2012-04-02&rft.aulast=Size&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Ftrudeau-declines-brazeau-boxing-rematch-as-debt-paid-1.790948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140426140534/http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/story.html?id=ac33a9de-1ebc-47c7-960a-43df367acd07">"Canadians want Trudeau as next Liberal leader"</a>. Calgary Herald. October 29, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/story.html?id=ac33a9de-1ebc-47c7-960a-43df367acd07">the original</a> on April 26, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=Canadians+want+Trudeau+as+next+Liberal+leader&rft.date=2008-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Fcalgaryherald%2Fnews%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3Dac33a9de-1ebc-47c7-960a-43df367acd07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105100457/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=9b14c1bf-e87a-40a6-8053-564930d09ed9">"Canadians prefer Trudeau: Poll shows young heir is top pick to replace Dion"</a>. canada.com. October 28, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=9b14c1bf-e87a-40a6-8053-564930d09ed9">the original</a> on November 5, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadians+prefer+Trudeau%3A+Poll+shows+young+heir+is+top+pick+to+replace+Dion&rft.pub=canada.com&rft.date=2008-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Ftopics%2Fnews%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D9b14c1bf-e87a-40a6-8053-564930d09ed9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116115543/http://www.paherald.sk.ca/Politics/2008-12-09/article-172596/Ignatieff-secures-Liberal-leadership-as-Rae-bows-out/1">"Ignatieff secures Liberal leadership as Rae bows out"</a>. The Canadian Press. December 9, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paherald.sk.ca/Politics/2008-12-09/article-172596/Ignatieff-secures-Liberal-leadership-as-Rae-bows-out/1">the original</a> on January 16, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+secures+Liberal+leadership+as+Rae+bows+out&rft.date=2008-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paherald.sk.ca%2FPolitics%2F2008-12-09%2Farticle-172596%2FIgnatieff-secures-Liberal-leadership-as-Rae-bows-out%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-field-questions-about-future-leaders-1.1078041">"Liberals field questions about future leaders"</a>. CBC News. May 4, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110825084032/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2011/05/04/pol-liberals-leader.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Liberals+field+questions+about+future+leaders&rft.date=2011-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fliberals-field-questions-about-future-leaders-1.1078041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110905135350/http://www.lfpress.com/news/decision2011/2011/05/04/18103526.html">"Trudeau undecided on Liberal leadership bid"</a>. IFpress. May 4, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lfpress.com/news/decision2011/2011/05/04/18103526.html">the original</a> on September 5, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IFpress&rft.atitle=Trudeau+undecided+on+Liberal+leadership+bid&rft.date=2011-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flfpress.com%2Fnews%2Fdecision2011%2F2011%2F05%2F04%2F18103526.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks2013" class="citation news cs1">Hicks, Jeff (October 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.therecord.com/news-story/2588487-trudeau-rules-out-liberal-leadership-bid-in-2013">"Trudeau rules out Liberal leadership bid in 2013"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Region_Record" title="Waterloo Region Record">Waterloo Region Record</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142858/http://www.therecord.com/news-story/2588487-trudeau-rules-out-liberal-leadership-bid-in-2013/">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterloo+Region+Record&rft.atitle=Trudeau+rules+out+Liberal+leadership+bid+in+2013&rft.date=2013-10-12&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.therecord.com%2Fnews-story%2F2588487-trudeau-rules-out-liberal-leadership-bid-in-2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryden2012" class="citation news cs1">Bryden, Joan (June 15, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/06/15/justin-trudeau-hit-with-tsunami-of-calls-to-run-for-liberals-since-bob-raes-withdrawal">"Justin Trudeau hit with 'tsunami' of calls to run for Liberals since Bob Rae's withdrawal"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120618132013/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/06/15/justin-trudeau-hit-with-tsunami-of-calls-to-run-for-liberals-since-bob-raes-withdrawal/">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+hit+with+%27tsunami%27+of+calls+to+run+for+Liberals+since+Bob+Rae%27s+withdrawal&rft.date=2012-06-15&rft.aulast=Bryden&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2F2012%2F06%2F15%2Fjustin-trudeau-hit-with-tsunami-of-calls-to-run-for-liberals-since-bob-raes-withdrawal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2012" class="citation news cs1">Goldstein, Lorrie (June 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/2012/06/27/were-justin-love">"We're Justin love"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Sun" title="Toronto Sun">Toronto Sun</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116110857/http://www.torontosun.com/2012/06/27/were-justin-love">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=We%27re+Justin+love&rft.date=2012-06-27&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Lorrie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2012%2F06%2F27%2Fwere-justin-love&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Considering_leadership_run-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Considering_leadership_run_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-at-stampede-mulls-liberal-leadership-run-1.1153809">"Justin Trudeau at Stampede mulls Liberal leadership run"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. June 7, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121125459/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-at-stampede-mulls-liberal-leadership-run-1.1153809">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+at+Stampede+mulls+Liberal+leadership+run&rft.date=2012-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjustin-trudeau-at-stampede-mulls-liberal-leadership-run-1.1153809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Not_committed_to_leadership_run-142"><a href="#cite_ref-Not_committed_to_leadership_run_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHébert,_Chantal2012" class="citation news cs1">Hébert, Chantal (May 4, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2012/05/04/hbert_is_justin_trudeau_the_liberals_salvation.html">"Hébert: Is Justin Trudeau the Liberals' salvation?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121133504/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2012/05/04/hbert_is_justin_trudeau_the_liberals_salvation.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=H%C3%A9bert%3A+Is+Justin+Trudeau+the+Liberals%27+salvation%3F&rft.date=2012-05-04&rft.au=H%C3%A9bert%2C+Chantal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2012%2F05%2F04%2Fhbert_is_justin_trudeau_the_liberals_salvation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-to-run-for-liberal-leadership-1.1167760">"Justin Trudeau to run for Liberal leadership"</a>. CBC News. September 26, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120928063223/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2012/09/26/justin-trudeau-liberal-leadership.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+to+run+for+Liberal+leadership&rft.date=2012-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjustin-trudeau-to-run-for-liberal-leadership-1.1167760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-notebook/justin-trudeau-to-seek-liberal-leadership-reports/article4568675">"Justin Trudeau to seek Liberal leadership"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Toronto. September 26, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120930005644/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-notebook/justin-trudeau-to-seek-liberal-leadership-reports/article4568675/">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+to+seek+Liberal+leadership&rft.date=2012-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fottawa-notebook%2Fjustin-trudeau-to-seek-liberal-leadership-reports%2Farticle4568675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadia2012" class="citation news cs1">Radia, Andy (September 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.news.yahoo.com/blogs/canada-politics/justin-trudeau-run-liberal-leadership-splash-no-substance-154520920.html">"Justin Trudeau to run for Liberal leadership but is he all splash and no substance?"</a>. Yahoo News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929013759/http://ca.news.yahoo.com/blogs/canada-politics/justin-trudeau-run-liberal-leadership-splash-no-substance-154520920.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+to+run+for+Liberal+leadership+but+is+he+all+splash+and+no+substance%3F&rft.date=2012-09-26&rft.aulast=Radia&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fca.news.yahoo.com%2Fblogs%2Fcanada-politics%2Fjustin-trudeau-run-liberal-leadership-splash-no-substance-154520920.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaplan2012" class="citation news cs1">Caplan, Gerald (September 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/second-reading/is-justin-trudeau-really-taken-seriously-by-his-own-party/article4575515/">"Is Justin Trudeau really taken seriously by his own party?"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Toronto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121001034649/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/second-reading/is-justin-trudeau-really-taken-seriously-by-his-own-party/article4575515/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Is+Justin+Trudeau+really+taken+seriously+by+his+own+party%3F&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft.aulast=Caplan&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fsecond-reading%2Fis-justin-trudeau-really-taken-seriously-by-his-own-party%2Farticle4575515%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerthiaume2012" class="citation news cs1">Berthiaume, Lee (September 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://o.canada.com/2012/09/28/0929-trudeau-looks/">"Justin Trudeau's good looks expected to cover up other weaknesses"</a>. Canada.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120930033518/http://o.canada.com/2012/09/28/0929-trudeau-looks/">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau%27s+good+looks+expected+to+cover+up+other+weaknesses&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft.aulast=Berthiaume&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fo.canada.com%2F2012%2F09%2F28%2F0929-trudeau-looks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoyne2012" class="citation news cs1">Coyne, Andrew (September 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130129202634/http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2012/09/28/andrew-coyne-the-son-is-not-the-father-and-the-future-is-not-buried-in-the-past/">"The son is not the father and the future is not buried in the past"</a>. National Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2012/09/28/andrew-coyne-the-son-is-not-the-father-and-the-future-is-not-buried-in-the-past">the original</a> on January 29, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=The+son+is+not+the+father+and+the+future+is+not+buried+in+the+past&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft.aulast=Coyne&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffullcomment.nationalpost.com%2F2012%2F09%2F28%2Fandrew-coyne-the-son-is-not-the-father-and-the-future-is-not-buried-in-the-past&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryden2012" class="citation news cs1">Bryden, Joan (September 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ipolitics.ca/2012/09/26/reports-trudeau-leadership-bid-imminent">"Reports: Trudeau leadership bid imminent"</a>. The Canadian Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025300/https://ipolitics.ca/2012/09/26/reports-trudeau-leadership-bid-imminent/">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reports%3A+Trudeau+leadership+bid+imminent&rft.date=2012-09-26&rft.aulast=Bryden&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fipolitics.ca%2F2012%2F09%2F26%2Freports-trudeau-leadership-bid-imminent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerthiaume2012" class="citation news cs1">Berthiaume, Lee (September 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edmontonjournal.com/news/Trudeau+could+narrow+field+hopefuls/7309794/story.html">"Trudeau leadership bid stirs talk of Liberal 'coronation'"</a>. Postmedia News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150929203358/http://www.edmontonjournal.com/news/Trudeau%2Bcould%2Bnarrow%2Bfield%2Bhopefuls/7309794/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postmedia+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+leadership+bid+stirs+talk+of+Liberal+%27coronation%27&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft.aulast=Berthiaume&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedmontonjournal.com%2Fnews%2FTrudeau%2Bcould%2Bnarrow%2Bfield%2Bhopefuls%2F7309794%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKinnon2012" class="citation news cs1">MacKinnon, Leslie (October 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-seen-by-senior-liberals-as-a-risk-worth-taking-1.1127617">"Trudeau seen by senior Liberals as a risk worth taking"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121001113126/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2012/09/30/pol-trudeau-leadership-liberals.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trudeau+seen+by+senior+Liberals+as+a+risk+worth+taking&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.aulast=MacKinnon&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-seen-by-senior-liberals-as-a-risk-worth-taking-1.1127617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Wall_Street_Journal-152"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Wall_Street_Journal_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVieira" class="citation news cs1">Vieira, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/canadarealtime/2012/10/02/justin-trudeau-poised-to-step-into-liberal-race-in-canada/">"The Wall Street Journal – Justin Trudeau Poised to Step into Liberal Race in Canada"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006220441/https://blogs.wsj.com/canadarealtime/2012/10/02/justin-trudeau-poised-to-step-into-liberal-race-in-canada/">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal+%E2%80%93+Justin+Trudeau+Poised+to+Step+into+Liberal+Race+in+Canada&rft.aulast=Vieira&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fcanadarealtime%2F2012%2F10%2F02%2Fjustin-trudeau-poised-to-step-into-liberal-race-in-canada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeBlanc2013" class="citation news cs1">LeBlanc, Daniel (March 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/inside-justin-trudeaus-war-room/article9242414/?page=all">"Inside Justin Trudeau's war room"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Toronto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930002337/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/inside-justin-trudeaus-war-room/article9242414/?page=all">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Inside+Justin+Trudeau%27s+war+room&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.aulast=LeBlanc&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Finside-justin-trudeaus-war-room%2Farticle9242414%2F%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/the-other-brother-sacha-the-apolitical-one-joins-justin-trudeaus-campaign-team">"The other brother: Sacha, the 'apolitical' one, joins Justin Trudeau's campaign team"</a>. National Post. October 22, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20121029104438/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/10/22/the-other-brother-sacha-the-apolitical-one-joins-justin-trudeaus-campaign-team/">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=The+other+brother%3A+Sacha%2C+the+%27apolitical%27+one%2C+joins+Justin+Trudeau%27s+campaign+team&rft.date=2012-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fthe-other-brother-sacha-the-apolitical-one-joins-justin-trudeaus-campaign-team&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alta-155"><a href="#cite_ref-alta_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-campaign-forced-to-address-2010-comments-on-alberta-1.1241750">"Sun commentary on Télé-Québec interview"</a>. CBC News. November 22, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130102111331/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2012/11/22/pol-trudeau-tele-quebec-comments-alberta-quebec.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sun+commentary+on+T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-Qu%C3%A9bec+interview&rft.date=2012-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-campaign-forced-to-address-2010-comments-on-alberta-1.1241750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alta2-156"><a href="#cite_ref-alta2_156-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2012" class="citation news cs1">Bailey, Ian (November 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-apologizes-for-saying-alberta-is-controlling-our-community/article5592936">"Globe reports on Trudeau apology"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Toronto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121227172130/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-apologizes-for-saying-alberta-is-controlling-our-community/article5592936/">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Globe+reports+on+Trudeau+apology&rft.date=2012-11-23&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-apologizes-for-saying-alberta-is-controlling-our-community%2Farticle5592936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton2012" class="citation news cs1">Walton, Dawn (November 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/tories-retain-calgary-centre-as-liberals-greens-split-vote/article5718001">"Tories retain Calgary Centre as Liberals, Greens split vote"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Toronto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121127164157/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/tories-retain-calgary-centre-as-liberals-greens-split-vote/article5718001/">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Tories+retain+Calgary+Centre+as+Liberals%2C+Greens+split+vote&rft.date=2012-11-27&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftories-retain-calgary-centre-as-liberals-greens-split-vote%2Farticle5718001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPharland2013" class="citation news cs1">McPharland, Kelly (February 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130411111706/http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/02/14/kelly-mcparland-marc-garneau-challenges-justin-trudeau-to-take-a-stand-any-stand/">"Kelly McParland: Marc Garneau challenges Justin Trudeau to take a stand. Any stand"</a>. National Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/02/14/kelly-mcparland-marc-garneau-challenges-justin-trudeau-to-take-a-stand-any-stand/">the original</a> on April 11, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Kelly+McParland%3A+Marc+Garneau+challenges+Justin+Trudeau+to+take+a+stand.+Any+stand.&rft.date=2013-02-14&rft.aulast=McPharland&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffullcomment.nationalpost.com%2F2013%2F02%2F14%2Fkelly-mcparland-marc-garneau-challenges-justin-trudeau-to-take-a-stand-any-stand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVisser2013" class="citation news cs1">Visser, Josh (February 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/02/25/marc-garneau-challenges-untested-liberal-frontrunner-justin-trudeau-to-one-on-one-debate">"Marc Garneau challenges 'untested' Liberal frontrunner Justin Trudeau to one-on-one debate"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140504043645/http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/02/25/marc-garneau-challenges-untested-liberal-frontrunner-justin-trudeau-to-one-on-one-debate">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Marc+Garneau+challenges+%27untested%27+Liberal+frontrunner+Justin+Trudeau+to+one-on-one+debate&rft.date=2013-02-25&rft.aulast=Visser&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2F2013%2F02%2F25%2Fmarc-garneau-challenges-untested-liberal-frontrunner-justin-trudeau-to-one-on-one-debate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray_and_Trudeau-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Murray_and_Trudeau_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMas,_Susana2013" class="citation news cs1">Mas, Susana (March 3, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberal-mps-murray-and-garneau-challenge-frontrunner-trudeau-1.1329327">"Liberal MPs Murray and Garneau challenge frontrunner Trudeau"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121141326/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberal-mps-murray-and-garneau-challenge-frontrunner-trudeau-1.1329327">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Liberal+MPs+Murray+and+Garneau+challenge+frontrunner+Trudeau&rft.date=2013-03-03&rft.au=Mas%2C+Susana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fliberal-mps-murray-and-garneau-challenge-frontrunner-trudeau-1.1329327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHebert2013" class="citation news cs1">Hebert, Chanatal (March 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2013/03/13/marc_garneaus_withdrawal_from_liberal_leadership_race_saves_himself_humiliation_hbert.html">"Marc Garneau's withdrawal from Liberal leadership race saves himself humiliation: Hébert"</a>. Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130315064132/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2013/03/13/marc_garneaus_withdrawal_from_liberal_leadership_race_saves_himself_humiliation_hbert.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2013. Retrieved March 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Marc+Garneau%27s+withdrawal+from+Liberal+leadership+race+saves+himself+humiliation%3A+H%C3%A9bert&rft.date=2013-03-13&rft.aulast=Hebert&rft.aufirst=Chanatal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2013%2F03%2F13%2Fmarc_garneaus_withdrawal_from_liberal_leadership_race_saves_himself_humiliation_hbert.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerthiaume2013" class="citation news cs1">Berthiaume, Lee (March 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/03/13/the-game-is-long-liberals-still-in-leadership-race-say-contest-isnt-done-quite-yet-after-marc-garneau-bows-out">"'The game is long': Liberals still in leadership fight for votes after Marc Garneau bows out"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211845/https://nationalpost.com/category/news/">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2024. Retrieved March 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=%27The+game+is+long%27%3A+Liberals+still+in+leadership+fight+for+votes+after+Marc+Garneau+bows+out&rft.date=2013-03-13&rft.aulast=Berthiaume&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2F2013%2F03%2F13%2Fthe-game-is-long-liberals-still-in-leadership-race-say-contest-isnt-done-quite-yet-after-marc-garneau-bows-out&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2013" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Berthiaume (April 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/04/14/justin-trudeau-elected-liberal-leader-in-landslide-victory/">"Justin Trudeau elected Liberal leader in landslide victory"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20130416090044/http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/04/14/justin-trudeau-elected-liberal-leader-in-landslide-victory/">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+elected+Liberal+leader+in+landslide+victory&rft.date=2013-04-14&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Berthiaume&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2F2013%2F04%2F14%2Fjustin-trudeau-elected-liberal-leader-in-landslide-victory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-elected-liberal-leader-in-a-landslide/article11189244">"Justin Trudeau elected Liberal leader in a landslide"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Toronto. April 15, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160209102616/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-elected-liberal-leader-in-a-landslide/article11189244/">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+elected+Liberal+leader+in+a+landslide&rft.date=2013-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjustin-trudeau-elected-liberal-leader-in-a-landslide%2Farticle11189244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canadianelectionatlas.blogspot.ca/2013/04/liberal-leadership-race-results-map.html">"Liberal leadership race – results map"</a>. Canadian Election Atlas. April 15, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930091653/http://canadianelectionatlas.blogspot.ca/2013/04/liberal-leadership-race-results-map.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2015. Retrieved October 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Election+Atlas&rft.atitle=Liberal+leadership+race+%E2%80%93+results+map&rft.date=2013-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanadianelectionatlas.blogspot.ca%2F2013%2F04%2Fliberal-leadership-race-results-map.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexguibord/15169932029/">"Photo: Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau campaigns in Toronto's Trinity–Spadina riding in support of Liberal candidate Adam Vaughan"</a>. June 16, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexguibord/15169932029/">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photo%3A+Liberal+Leader+Justin+Trudeau+campaigns+in+Toronto%27s+Trinity%E2%80%93Spadina+riding+in+support+of+Liberal+candidate+Adam+Vaughan.&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Falexguibord%2F15169932029%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/2013/04/16/poll-shows-justin-trudeau-liberals-far-ahead">"Poll shows Justin Trudeau Liberals far ahead 38"</a>. Toronto Sun. April 16, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513102358/http://www.torontosun.com/2013/04/16/poll-shows-justin-trudeau-liberals-far-ahead">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=Poll+shows+Justin+Trudeau+Liberals+far+ahead+38&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2013%2F04%2F16%2Fpoll-shows-justin-trudeau-liberals-far-ahead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> CTV News Network, "Memorial of Nelson Mandela", December 10, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGregor2013" class="citation news cs1">McGregor, Glen (August 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://o.canada.com/news/justin-trudeau-moves-personal-investments-into-blind-trust">"Justin Trudeau voluntarily moves personal investments into blind trust, fulfilling campaign promise"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151026132921/http://o.canada.com/news/justin-trudeau-moves-personal-investments-into-blind-trust">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+voluntarily+moves+personal+investments+into+blind+trust%2C+fulfilling+campaign+promise&rft.date=2013-08-01&rft.aulast=McGregor&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fo.canada.com%2Fnews%2Fjustin-trudeau-moves-personal-investments-into-blind-trust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelacourt2014" class="citation news cs1">Delacourt, Susan (February 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2014/02/07/parliament_speaking_a_language_all_its_own.html">"Parliament: Speaking a language all its own"</a>. Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151019065639/http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2014/02/07/parliament_speaking_a_language_all_its_own.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Parliament%3A+Speaking+a+language+all+its+own&rft.date=2014-02-07&rft.aulast=Delacourt&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Finsight%2F2014%2F02%2F07%2Fparliament_speaking_a_language_all_its_own.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140222035446/http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2014/02/21/john-ivison-why-justin-trudeaus-new-guiding-light-could-have-a-dramatic-impact-on-canadian-public-policy/">"John Ivison: Why Justin Trudeau's new guiding light could have a dramatic impact on Canadian public policy"</a>. National Post. February 21, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2014/02/21/john-ivison-why-justin-trudeaus-new-guiding-light-could-have-a-dramatic-impact-on-canadian-public-policy">the original</a> on February 22, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=John+Ivison%3A+Why+Justin+Trudeau%27s+new+guiding+light+could+have+a+dramatic+impact+on+Canadian+public+policy&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffullcomment.nationalpost.com%2F2014%2F02%2F21%2Fjohn-ivison-why-justin-trudeaus-new-guiding-light-could-have-a-dramatic-impact-on-canadian-public-policy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbc.ca-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbc.ca_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbc.ca_172-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbc.ca_172-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news2/interactives/results-2015/">"Federal election results 2015"</a>. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. October 20, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151022233012/http://www.cbc.ca/news2/interactives/results-2015/">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved October 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Federal+election+results+2015&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews2%2Finteractives%2Fresults-2015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151023060206/http://enr.elections.ca/National.aspx?lang=e">"Election Night Results – National"</a>. Élections Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enr.elections.ca/National.aspx?lang=e">the original</a> on October 23, 2015. Retrieved October 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C3%89lections+Canada&rft.atitle=Election+Night+Results+%E2%80%93+National&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenr.elections.ca%2FNational.aspx%3Flang%3De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2015" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, Bradley (October 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-10-20/stephen-harper-underestimated-justin-trudeau-it-was-mocking-way-he-did-it-cost">"Stephen Harper underestimated Justin Trudeau, but it was the mocking way he did it that cost him the election"</a>. PRI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151021203300/http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-10-20/stephen-harper-underestimated-justin-trudeau-it-was-mocking-way-he-did-it-cost">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PRI&rft.atitle=Stephen+Harper+underestimated+Justin+Trudeau%2C+but+it+was+the+mocking+way+he+did+it+that+cost+him+the+election&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pri.org%2Fstories%2F2015-10-20%2Fstephen-harper-underestimated-justin-trudeau-it-was-mocking-way-he-did-it-cost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2015" class="citation news cs1">Hamilton, Graeme (October 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/graeme-hamilton-justin-trudeau-emerges-victorious-from-an-election-campaign-that-should-finally-silence-his-doubters">"Graeme Hamilton: Justin Trudeau's stunning victory for the Liberals should finally silence his doubters"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20151119122258/http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/graeme-hamilton-justin-trudeau-emerges-victorious-from-an-election-campaign-that-should-finally-silence-his-doubters">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Graeme+Hamilton%3A+Justin+Trudeau%27s+stunning+victory+for+the+Liberals+should+finally+silence+his+doubters&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2Ffull-comment%2Fgraeme-hamilton-justin-trudeau-emerges-victorious-from-an-election-campaign-that-should-finally-silence-his-doubters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagnon2015" class="citation news cs1">Gagnon, Michelle (October 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-justin-trudeau-michelle-gagnon-1.3259553">"Justin Trudeau's rise shows the benefits of being underestimated"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151029081255/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-justin-trudeau-michelle-gagnon-1.3259553">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau%27s+rise+shows+the+benefits+of+being+underestimated&rft.date=2015-10-07&rft.aulast=Gagnon&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-election-2015-justin-trudeau-michelle-gagnon-1.3259553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/justin-trudeau-for-the-record-we-beat-fear-with-hope">"For the record: A full transcript of Justin Trudeau's speech"</a>. Maclean's Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151023102847/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/justin-trudeau-for-the-record-we-beat-fear-with-hope/">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved October 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=For+the+record%3A+A+full+transcript+of+Justin+Trudeau%27s+speech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fottawa%2Fjustin-trudeau-for-the-record-we-beat-fear-with-hope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/stephen-harper-resigns-as-conservative-leader-1.2617950">"Stephen Harper resigns as Conservative leader"</a>. CTVNews. October 19, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151020035634/http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/stephen-harper-resigns-as-conservative-leader-1.2617950">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2015. Retrieved October 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTVNews&rft.atitle=Stephen+Harper+resigns+as+Conservative+leader&rft.date=2015-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fstephen-harper-resigns-as-conservative-leader-1.2617950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackwell2015" class="citation web cs1">Blackwell, Tom (October 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-politics/canadian-election-2015-liberals-jump-to-early-lead-as-polls-close-in-newfoundland-and-labrador">"Canadian election 2015 hands Justin Trudeau and the Liberals a majority government"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20151120044540/http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-politics/canadian-election-2015-liberals-jump-to-early-lead-as-polls-close-in-newfoundland-and-labrador">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2015. Retrieved October 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Canadian+election+2015+hands+Justin+Trudeau+and+the+Liberals+a+majority+government&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fcanadian-politics%2Fcanadian-election-2015-liberals-jump-to-early-lead-as-polls-close-in-newfoundland-and-labrador&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-trudeau-liberal-cabinet-ministers-1.3302743">"Justin Trudeau signals new style on 1st day as Canada's 23rd prime minister"</a>. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 4, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151104221759/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-trudeau-liberal-cabinet-ministers-1.3302743">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved November 5, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+signals+new+style+on+1st+day+as+Canada%27s+23rd+prime+minister&rft.date=2015-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-trudeau-liberal-cabinet-ministers-1.3302743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/prime-minister-justin-trudeau-on-his-cabinet-and-its-promise-to-canadians/">"Justin Trudeau on his cabinet and its promise to Canadians"</a>. Maclean's. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151110015306/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/prime-minister-justin-trudeau-on-his-cabinet-and-its-promise-to-canadians/">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2015. Retrieved November 5, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+on+his+cabinet+and+its+promise+to+Canadians&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fottawa%2Fprime-minister-justin-trudeau-on-his-cabinet-and-its-promise-to-canadians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee_BerthiaumeKathryn_May" class="citation web cs1">Lee Berthiaume; Kathryn May. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/the-long-form-census-is-back-in-time-for-2016">"The long-form census is back – with penalties still possible if you ignore it"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106131721/http://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/the-long-form-census-is-back-in-time-for-2016">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=The+long-form+census+is+back+%E2%80%93+with+penalties+still+possible+if+you+ignore+it&rft.au=Lee+Berthiaume&rft.au=Kathryn+May&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fthe-long-form-census-is-back-in-time-for-2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/liberals-can-restore-long-form-census-for-2016-if-they-act-quickly-observers-say-1.3291284">"Liberals can restore long-form census for 2016, if they act quickly, observers say"</a>. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. October 28, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106071707/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/liberals-can-restore-long-form-census-for-2016-if-they-act-quickly-observers-say-1.3291284">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Liberals+can+restore+long-form+census+for+2016%2C+if+they+act+quickly%2C+observers+say&rft.date=2015-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fwindsor%2Fliberals-can-restore-long-form-census-for-2016-if-they-act-quickly-observers-say-1.3291284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-families-of-nova-scotia-mass-shooting-victims-want-sincere-rcmp/">"Families of Nova Scotia mass shooting victims want sincere RCMP apology, lawyer says"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. August 31, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230908125338/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-families-of-nova-scotia-mass-shooting-victims-want-sincere-rcmp/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Families+of+Nova+Scotia+mass+shooting+victims+want+sincere+RCMP+apology%2C+lawyer+says&rft.date=2023-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fcanada%2Farticle-families-of-nova-scotia-mass-shooting-victims-want-sincere-rcmp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajor2023" class="citation news cs1">Major, Darren (September 7, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/how-will-foreign-interference-inquiry-work-1.6959808">"What we know so far about the public inquiry into foreign interference"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230909095516/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/how-will-foreign-interference-inquiry-work-1.6959808">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=What+we+know+so+far+about+the+public+inquiry+into+foreign+interference&rft.date=2023-09-07&rft.aulast=Major&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fhow-will-foreign-interference-inquiry-work-1.6959808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bc.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-accepts-finding-of-genocide-in-mmiwg-inquiry-1.4451295">"Trudeau accepts finding of genocide in MMIWG inquiry"</a>. CTV. The Canadian Press. June 4, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015235941/https://bc.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-accepts-finding-of-genocide-in-mmiwg-inquiry-1.4451295">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV&rft.atitle=Trudeau+accepts+finding+of+genocide+in+MMIWG+inquiry&rft.date=2019-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbc.ctvnews.ca%2Ftrudeau-accepts-finding-of-genocide-in-mmiwg-inquiry-1.4451295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/6844277/coronavirus-trudeau-stockpile-waste/">"Trudeau vows Canada's PPE stockpile policies will be overhauled to prevent waste – National | Globalnews.ca"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825014632/https://globalnews.ca/news/6844277/coronavirus-trudeau-stockpile-waste/">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+vows+Canada%27s+PPE+stockpile+policies+will+be+overhauled+to+prevent+waste+%E2%80%93+National+%26%23124%3B+Globalnews.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F6844277%2Fcoronavirus-trudeau-stockpile-waste%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2020" class="citation news cs1">Walsh, Marieke (April 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-canada-cut-number-of-stockpile-storage-locations-for-critical-medical/">"Canada cut number of stockpile storage locations for critical medical supplies by one third in past two years"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825014631/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-canada-cut-number-of-stockpile-storage-locations-for-critical-medical/">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Canada+cut+number+of+stockpile+storage+locations+for+critical+medical+supplies+by+one+third+in+past+two+years&rft.date=2020-04-22&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Marieke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-canada-cut-number-of-stockpile-storage-locations-for-critical-medical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cffp.recherche.usherbrooke.ca/suivi-mesures-economiques-covid-19/">"Suivi des mesures économiques gouvernementales découlant de la crise de la COVID-19: Québec et Fédéral"</a>. Chaire en Fiscalité et en Finances publiques. <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Sherbrooke" title="Université de Sherbrooke">Université de Sherbrooke</a>. January 20, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418014012/https://cffp.recherche.usherbrooke.ca/suivi-mesures-economiques-covid-19/">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chaire+en+Fiscalit%C3%A9+et+en+Finances+publiques&rft.atitle=Suivi+des+mesures+%C3%A9conomiques+gouvernementales+d%C3%A9coulant+de+la+crise+de+la+COVID-19%3A+Qu%C3%A9bec+et+F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral&rft.date=2020-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcffp.recherche.usherbrooke.ca%2Fsuivi-mesures-economiques-covid-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mbafd-190"><a href="#cite_ref-mbafd_190-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster2020" class="citation news cs1">Brewster, Murray (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/covid19-military-seniors-1.5559558">"Armed Forces deploys almost all of its medical capacity against pandemic in Quebec nursing homes"</a>. CBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210828165223/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/covid19-military-seniors-1.5559558">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Armed+Forces+deploys+almost+all+of+its+medical+capacity+against+pandemic+in+Quebec+nursing+homes&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcovid19-military-seniors-1.5559558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-191">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_191-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_191-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/services/procuring-vaccines-covid19.html">"Procuring vaccines for COVID-19"</a>. aem. Public Services and Procurement Canada. December 11, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210217022617/https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/services/procuring-vaccines-covid19.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aem&rft.atitle=Procuring+vaccines+for+COVID-19&rft.date=2020-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fpublic-services-procurement%2Fservices%2Fprocuring-vaccines-covid19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalshMcArthur2021" class="citation news cs1">Walsh, Marieke; McArthur, Greg (March 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-canadas-missed-shots-how-ottawas-covid-19-vaccine-promises-were-out-of/">"Canada's missed shots: How Ottawa's COVID-19 vaccine promises were out of step with reality"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825003831/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-canadas-missed-shots-how-ottawas-covid-19-vaccine-promises-were-out-of/">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+missed+shots%3A+How+Ottawa%27s+COVID-19+vaccine+promises+were+out+of+step+with+reality&rft.date=2021-03-04&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Marieke&rft.au=McArthur%2C+Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fcanada%2Farticle-canadas-missed-shots-how-ottawas-covid-19-vaccine-promises-were-out-of%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLing2021" class="citation web cs1">Ling, Justin (May 31, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/where-did-canadas-vaccine-effort-actually-go-wrong/">"Where did Canada's vaccine effort actually go wrong?"</a>. Macleans.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531203953/https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/where-did-canadas-vaccine-effort-actually-go-wrong/">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macleans.ca&rft.atitle=Where+did+Canada%27s+vaccine+effort+actually+go+wrong%3F&rft.date=2021-05-31&rft.aulast=Ling&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fwhere-did-canadas-vaccine-effort-actually-go-wrong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopper2021" class="citation news cs1">Hopper, Tristin (February 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/how-ottawa-utterly-botched-canadas-covid-vaccine-acquisition">"How Ottawa utterly botched Canada's COVID vaccine acquisition"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209212410/https://nationalpost.com/news/how-ottawa-utterly-botched-canadas-covid-vaccine-acquisition">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2024. Retrieved August 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=How+Ottawa+utterly+botched+Canada%27s+COVID+vaccine+acquisition&rft.date=2021-02-05&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=Tristin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fhow-ottawa-utterly-botched-canadas-covid-vaccine-acquisition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aljazeera_20201127-195"><a href="#cite_ref-aljazeera_20201127_195-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/27/most-canadians-will-get-covid-19-vaccine-by-september-trudeau">"Most Canadians will get COVID-19 vaccine by September: Trudeau"</a>. Al Jazeera. November 27, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210217122901/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/27/most-canadians-will-get-covid-19-vaccine-by-september-trudeau">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Most+Canadians+will+get+COVID-19+vaccine+by+September%3A+Trudeau&rft.date=2020-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F11%2F27%2Fmost-canadians-will-get-covid-19-vaccine-by-september-trudeau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewton2021" class="citation news cs1">Newton, Paula (April 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/09/americas/canada-third-coronavirus-wave/index.html">"Canada's third wave on track to become its worst yet as hospitalizations spike"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423042748/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/09/americas/canada-third-coronavirus-wave/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+third+wave+on+track+to+become+its+worst+yet+as+hospitalizations+spike&rft.date=2021-04-09&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F04%2F09%2Famericas%2Fcanada-third-coronavirus-wave%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://health-infobase.canada.ca/covid-19/">"Interactive Data Visualization of COVID-19 in Canada – Public Health Infobase | Public Health Agency of Canada"</a>. health-infobase.canada.ca. April 19, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422111105/https://health-infobase.canada.ca/covid-19/">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=health-infobase.canada.ca&rft.atitle=Interactive+Data+Visualization+of+COVID-19+in+Canada+%E2%80%93+Public+Health+Infobase+%7C+Public+Health+Agency+of+Canada&rft.date=2020-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhealth-infobase.canada.ca%2Fcovid-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardosoLundy2021" class="citation news cs1">Cardoso, Tom; Lundy, Matt (April 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-federal-budget-2021-highlights-child-care-housing-jobs-recovery/">"Federal budget 2021 highlights: Child care, recovery benefits, OAS increases – everything you need to know"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422155023/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-federal-budget-2021-highlights-child-care-housing-jobs-recovery/">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Federal+budget+2021+highlights%3A+Child+care%2C+recovery+benefits%2C+OAS+increases+%E2%80%93+everything+you+need+to+know&rft.date=2021-04-19&rft.aulast=Cardoso&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Lundy%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-federal-budget-2021-highlights-child-care-housing-jobs-recovery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBains2021" class="citation news cs1">Bains, Jessy (October 21, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/canada-recovery-benefit-crb-ending-new-one-taking-its-place-153031851.html">"The Canada Recovery Benefit is ending, with a new one taking its place"</a>. Yahoo Finance Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122224116/https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/canada-recovery-benefit-crb-ending-new-one-taking-its-place-153031851.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved January 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+Finance+Canada&rft.atitle=The+Canada+Recovery+Benefit+is+ending%2C+with+a+new+one+taking+its+place&rft.date=2021-10-21&rft.aulast=Bains&rft.aufirst=Jessy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fca.finance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada-recovery-benefit-crb-ending-new-one-taking-its-place-153031851.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMessier2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Messier, François (December 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1849519/canada-trudeau-freeland-coronavirus-omicron-programmes-aide">"Des milliers de Canadiens de plus admissibles à une aide de 300 $ par semaine"</a>. ici.radio-canada.ca (in Canadian French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211222170122/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1849519/canada-trudeau-freeland-coronavirus-omicron-programmes-aide">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ici.radio-canada.ca&rft.atitle=Des+milliers+de+Canadiens+de+plus+admissibles+%C3%A0+une+aide+de+300+%24+par+semaine&rft.date=2021-12-23&rft.aulast=Messier&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fici.radio-canada.ca%2Fnouvelle%2F1849519%2Fcanada-trudeau-freeland-coronavirus-omicron-programmes-aide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBC_Tasker_20220129-201"><a href="#cite_ref-CBC_Tasker_20220129_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2022" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, John Paul (January 29, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/truck-convoy-protest-some-key-players-1.6332312">"Thousands opposed to COVID-19 rules converge on Parliament Hill"</a>. CBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220131234305/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/truck-convoy-protest-some-key-players-1.6332312">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=Thousands+opposed+to+COVID-19+rules+converge+on+Parliament+Hill&rft.date=2022-01-29&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftruck-convoy-protest-some-key-players-1.6332312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/covid-19-freedom-convoy-2022-news">"Freedom Convoy 2022 live updates: Trudeau relocated due to security concerns"</a>. National Post. January 29, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209212412/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/covid-19-freedom-convoy-2022-news">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Freedom+Convoy+2022+live+updates%3A+Trudeau+relocated+due+to+security+concerns&rft.date=2022-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcovid-19-freedom-convoy-2022-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian_Cecco_20220128-203"><a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_Cecco_20220128_203-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCecco2022" class="citation news cs1">Cecco, Leyland (January 28, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/28/canada-truckers-covid-vaccine-mandate-protest-government">"Canada truckers' vaccine protest spirals into calls to repeal all public health rules"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202012650/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/28/canada-truckers-covid-vaccine-mandate-protest-government">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Canada+truckers%27+vaccine+protest+spirals+into+calls+to+repeal+all+public+health+rules&rft.date=2022-01-28&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Cecco&rft.aufirst=Leyland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fjan%2F28%2Fcanada-truckers-covid-vaccine-mandate-protest-government&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Insult-204"><a href="#cite_ref-Insult_204-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60202050">"Freedom Convoy: Trudeau calls trucker protest an 'insult to truth'"</a>. BBC News. January 31, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302133758/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60202050">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2022. Retrieved January 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Freedom+Convoy%3A+Trudeau+calls+trucker+protest+an+%27insult+to+truth%27&rft.date=2022-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-60202050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/02/03/world/trudeau-military-response-not-cards-covid-protest/">"Military response not in cards for COVID protest, Trudeau says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. February 3, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206234128/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/02/03/world/trudeau-military-response-not-cards-covid-protest/">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved February 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Military+response+not+in+cards+for+COVID+protest%2C+Trudeau+says&rft.date=2022-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2F2022%2F02%2F03%2Fworld%2Ftrudeau-military-response-not-cards-covid-protest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsorioSchererChiacu2022" class="citation news cs1">Osorio, Carlos; Scherer, Steve; Chiacu, Doina (February 11, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-protests-enter-third-week-sophisticated-demonstrators-dig-2022-02-11/">"Trudeau promises Biden 'quick action' against protesters blocking U.S.-Canada bridge"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220211230754/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-protests-enter-third-week-sophisticated-demonstrators-dig-2022-02-11/">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trudeau+promises+Biden+%27quick+action%27+against+protesters+blocking+U.S.-Canada+bridge&rft.date=2022-02-11&rft.aulast=Osorio&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft.au=Scherer%2C+Steve&rft.au=Chiacu%2C+Doina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fcanada-protests-enter-third-week-sophisticated-demonstrators-dig-2022-02-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAstorBilefskyPorter2022" class="citation news cs1">Astor, Maggie; Bilefsky, Dan; Porter, Catherine (February 11, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/11/world/canada-trucker-protest">"Trudeau warns protesters of 'increasingly robust police intervention.'"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220211152800/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/11/world/canada-trucker-protest">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trudeau+warns+protesters+of+%27increasingly+robust+police+intervention.%27&rft.date=2022-02-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Astor&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft.au=Bilefsky%2C+Dan&rft.au=Porter%2C+Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flive%2F2022%2F02%2F11%2Fworld%2Fcanada-trucker-protest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/8617952/canada-convoy-blockade-military-response/">"Trudeau invokes Emergencies Act for 1st time to aid convoy blockade response – National | Globalnews.ca"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214153308/https://globalnews.ca/news/8617952/canada-convoy-blockade-military-response/">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+invokes+Emergencies+Act+for+1st+time+to+aid+convoy+blockade+response+%E2%80%93+National+%7C+Globalnews.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F8617952%2Fcanada-convoy-blockade-military-response%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoisvert2022" class="citation news cs1">Boisvert, Nick (February 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-event-feb23-1.6361847">"Trudeau ends use of Emergencies Act, says 'situation is no longer an emergency'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223211417/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-event-feb23-1.6361847">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+ends+use+of+Emergencies+Act%2C+says+%27situation+is+no+longer+an+emergency%27&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft.aulast=Boisvert&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-event-feb23-1.6361847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsman2022" class="citation web cs1">Osman, Laura (February 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cp24.com/news/trudeau-says-emergencies-act-powers-can-now-be-revoked-as-crisis-calms-1.5793077">"Trudeau says Emergencies Act powers can now be revoked as crisis calms"</a>. CP24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220412053108/https://www.cp24.com/news/trudeau-says-emergencies-act-powers-can-now-be-revoked-as-crisis-calms-1.5793077">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CP24&rft.atitle=Trudeau+says+Emergencies+Act+powers+can+now+be+revoked+as+crisis+calms&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft.aulast=Osman&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cp24.com%2Fnews%2Ftrudeau-says-emergencies-act-powers-can-now-be-revoked-as-crisis-calms-1.5793077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/poec-report-released-friday-1.6750919">"Catharine Tunney, "Federal government met the threshold to invoke Emergencies Act: Rouleau", CBC News, Feb 17, 2023"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218031022/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/poec-report-released-friday-1.6750919">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2023. Retrieved February 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catharine+Tunney%2C+%22Federal+government+met+the+threshold+to+invoke+Emergencies+Act%3A+Rouleau%22%2C+CBC+News%2C+Feb+17%2C+2023.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fpoec-report-released-friday-1.6750919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Dyk2024" class="citation web cs1">Van Dyk, Spencer (January 23, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-court-rules-emergencies-act-invocation-not-justified-1.6738624">"Federal court rules Emergencies Act invocation 'not justified'"</a>. CTV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240123183301/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-court-rules-emergencies-act-invocation-not-justified-1.6738624">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV&rft.atitle=Federal+court+rules+Emergencies+Act+invocation+%27not+justified%27&rft.date=2024-01-23&rft.aulast=Van+Dyk&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal-court-rules-emergencies-act-invocation-not-justified-1.6738624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTunney2024" class="citation web cs1">Tunney, Catharine (January 23, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/emergencies-act-federal-court-1.7091891">"Ottawa's use of Emergencies Act against convoy protests was unreasonable, violated Charter, court rules"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240123200540/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/emergencies-act-federal-court-1.7091891">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Ottawa%27s+use+of+Emergencies+Act+against+convoy+protests+was+unreasonable%2C+violated+Charter%2C+court+rules&rft.date=2024-01-23&rft.aulast=Tunney&rft.aufirst=Catharine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Femergencies-act-federal-court-1.7091891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/election-campaign-starts-today-1.5277657">"It's official, Canadians: the 2019 federal election campaign is underway"</a>. cbc.ca. September 11, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111185038/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/election-campaign-starts-today-1.5277657">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=It%27s+official%2C+Canadians%3A+the+2019+federal+election+campaign+is+underway&rft.date=2019-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Felection-campaign-starts-today-1.5277657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TVAdeb-215"><a href="#cite_ref-TVAdeb_215-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2019" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, John Paul (September 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/french-language-tva-trudeau-1.5273089">"French-language TVA debate to go ahead after Trudeau agrees to participate"</a>. CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190906230856/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/french-language-tva-trudeau-1.5273089">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=French-language+TVA+debate+to+go+ahead+after+Trudeau+agrees+to+participate&rft.date=2019-09-06&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ffrench-language-tva-trudeau-1.5273089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snub-216"><a href="#cite_ref-Snub_216-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCochrane2019" class="citation news cs1">Cochrane, David (September 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-snub-debates-commision-1.5272277">"Trudeau snubs Munk, Maclean's/Citytv debates but will attend commission debates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190906012705/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-snub-debates-commision-1.5272277">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+snubs+Munk%2C+Maclean%27s%2FCitytv+debates+but+will+attend+commission+debates&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fliberals-snub-debates-commision-1.5272277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://election.ctvnews.ca/munk-debates-cancels-foreign-policy-event-because-trudeau-won-t-attend-1.4607537">"Munk Debates cancels foreign-policy event because Trudeau won't attend"</a>. Federal Election 2019. September 24, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924143359/https://election.ctvnews.ca/munk-debates-cancels-foreign-policy-event-because-trudeau-won-t-attend-1.4607537">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Election+2019&rft.atitle=Munk+Debates+cancels+foreign-policy+event+because+Trudeau+won%27t+attend&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felection.ctvnews.ca%2Fmunk-debates-cancels-foreign-policy-event-because-trudeau-won-t-attend-1.4607537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-new-blackface-video-surfaces-a-day-after-trudeau-apologizes-for-two/">"Trudeau apologizes again for wearing blackface, cannot say how many times he wore racist makeup"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319204758/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-new-blackface-video-surfaces-a-day-after-trudeau-apologizes-for-two/">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved October 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trudeau+apologizes+again+for+wearing+blackface%2C+cannot+say+how+many+times+he+wore+racist+makeup&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-new-blackface-video-surfaces-a-day-after-trudeau-apologizes-for-two%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5680759/justin-trudeau-brownface-photo/">"Justin Trudeau Wore Brownface at 2001 'Arabian Nights' Party While He Taught at a Private School"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201015102135/https://time.com/5680759/justin-trudeau-brownface-photo/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+Wore+Brownface+at+2001+%27Arabian+Nights%27+Party+While+He+Taught+at+a+Private+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5680759%2Fjustin-trudeau-brownface-photo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5680868/justin-trudeau-brownface-photo-apology/">"Justin Trudeau Admits to Also Wearing Blackface 'Makeup' in High School Following TIME Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190919091640/https://time.com/5680868/justin-trudeau-brownface-photo-apology/">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+Admits+to+Also+Wearing+Blackface+%27Makeup%27+in+High+School+Following+TIME+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5680868%2Fjustin-trudeau-brownface-photo-apology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawsonSubramaniam2019" class="citation news cs1">Dawson, Tyler; Subramaniam, Vanmala (September 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2019/yearbook-photo-surfaces-of-trudeau-wearing-brownface-costume-in-2001">"'I'm really sorry': Justin Trudeau admits wearing brownface at 2001 costume party | National Post"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505101037/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2019/yearbook-photo-surfaces-of-trudeau-wearing-brownface-costume-in-2001">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2024. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=%27I%27m+really+sorry%27%3A+Justin+Trudeau+admits+wearing+brownface+at+2001+costume+party+%26%23124%3B+National+Post&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft.au=Subramaniam%2C+Vanmala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Felection-2019%2Fyearbook-photo-surfaces-of-trudeau-wearing-brownface-costume-in-2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5922861/justin-trudeau-brownface-video/">"EXCLUSIVE: Video shows Trudeau in blackface in 3rd instance of racist makeup"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201015133053/https://globalnews.ca/news/5922861/justin-trudeau-brownface-video/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=EXCLUSIVE%3A+Video+shows+Trudeau+in+blackface+in+3rd+instance+of+racist+makeup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F5922861%2Fjustin-trudeau-brownface-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5922861/justin-trudeau-brownface-video/">"EXCLUSIVE: Video shows Trudeau in blackface in 3rd instance of racist makeup"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201015133053/https://globalnews.ca/news/5922861/justin-trudeau-brownface-video/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=EXCLUSIVE%3A+Video+shows+Trudeau+in+blackface+in+3rd+instance+of+racist+makeup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F5922861%2Fjustin-trudeau-brownface-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCecco2019" class="citation news cs1">Cecco, Leyland (September 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/19/justin-trudeau-wearing-blackface-details-emerge-third-incident">"Trudeau says he can't recall how many times he wore blackface makeup"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015222314/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/19/justin-trudeau-wearing-blackface-details-emerge-third-incident">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Trudeau+says+he+can%27t+recall+how+many+times+he+wore+blackface+makeup&rft.date=2019-09-20&rft.aulast=Cecco&rft.aufirst=Leyland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fsep%2F19%2Fjustin-trudeau-wearing-blackface-details-emerge-third-incident&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/politics/justin-trudeaus-incredibly-forgiving-base-of-believers/">"Justin Trudeau's incredibly forgiving base of believers – Macleans.ca"</a>. www.macleans.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191017154415/https://www.macleans.ca/politics/justin-trudeaus-incredibly-forgiving-base-of-believers/">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.macleans.ca&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau%27s+incredibly+forgiving+base+of+believers+%E2%80%93+Macleans.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fjustin-trudeaus-incredibly-forgiving-base-of-believers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner2019" class="citation news cs1">Gardiner, Aidan (September 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/19/reader-center/trudeau-blackface-brownface-voters.html">"Canadians Ask if They Can Forgive Trudeau"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190919221303/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/19/reader-center/trudeau-blackface-brownface-voters.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Canadians+Ask+if+They+Can+Forgive+Trudeau&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F09%2F19%2Freader-center%2Ftrudeau-blackface-brownface-voters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHébert2019" class="citation news cs1">Hébert, Chantal (September 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/politics/political-opinion/2019/09/23/trudeaus-blackface-apology-seems-to-be-readily-accepted-in-quebec.html">"Trudeau's apology for blackface photos seems to be readily accepted in Quebec | The Star"</a>. The Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191023090425/https://www.thestar.com/politics/political-opinion/2019/09/23/trudeaus-blackface-apology-seems-to-be-readily-accepted-in-quebec.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Trudeau%27s+apology+for+blackface+photos+seems+to+be+readily+accepted+in+Quebec+%26%23124%3B+The+Star&rft.date=2019-09-23&rft.aulast=H%C3%A9bert&rft.aufirst=Chantal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitical-opinion%2F2019%2F09%2F23%2Ftrudeaus-blackface-apology-seems-to-be-readily-accepted-in-quebec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHébert2019" class="citation news cs1">Hébert, Chantal (September 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9612880-chantal-h-bert-quebec-voters-appear-to-have-forgiven-trudeau-for-his-blackface-follies/">"Opinion | Chantal Hébert: Quebec voters appear to have forgiven Trudeau for his blackface follies"</a>. The Hamilton Spectator. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191017154406/https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9612880-chantal-h-bert-quebec-voters-appear-to-have-forgiven-trudeau-for-his-blackface-follies/">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via www.thespec.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hamilton+Spectator&rft.atitle=Opinion+%26%23124%3B+Chantal+H%C3%A9bert%3A+Quebec+voters+appear+to+have+forgiven+Trudeau+for+his+blackface+follies&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft.aulast=H%C3%A9bert&rft.aufirst=Chantal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespec.com%2Fopinion-story%2F9612880-chantal-h-bert-quebec-voters-appear-to-have-forgiven-trudeau-for-his-blackface-follies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontpetit2019" class="citation news cs1">Montpetit, Jonathan (September 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-reaction-trudeau-brownface-1.5289508">"In Quebec, Trudeau's opponents and supporters shrug off blackface controversy"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190920173456/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-reaction-trudeau-brownface-1.5289508">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=In+Quebec%2C+Trudeau%27s+opponents+and+supporters+shrug+off+blackface+controversy&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft.aulast=Montpetit&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmontreal%2Fquebec-reaction-trudeau-brownface-1.5289508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeith2019" class="citation web cs1">Feith, Jesse (September 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/news/trudeaus-record-on-race-shouldnt-be-overlooked-community-groups-say">"Trudeau's record on race shouldn't be overlooked, community groups say"</a>. Montreal Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190927011552/https://montrealgazette.com/news/trudeaus-record-on-race-shouldnt-be-overlooked-community-groups-say">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Montreal+Gazette&rft.atitle=Trudeau%27s+record+on+race+shouldn%27t+be+overlooked%2C+community+groups+say&rft.date=2019-09-20&rft.aulast=Feith&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fnews%2Ftrudeaus-record-on-race-shouldnt-be-overlooked-community-groups-say&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNenshi2019" class="citation news cs1">Nenshi, Naheed (September 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/09/21/im-calgarys-muslim-mayor-we-can-learn-trudeaus-brownface-moment/">"Perspective | I'm Calgary's Muslim mayor. We can learn from Trudeau's 'brownface' moment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924062351/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/09/21/im-calgarys-muslim-mayor-we-can-learn-trudeaus-brownface-moment/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Perspective+%7C+I%27m+Calgary%27s+Muslim+mayor.+We+can+learn+from+Trudeau%27s+%27brownface%27+moment.&rft.date=2019-09-21&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Nenshi&rft.aufirst=Naheed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Foutlook%2F2019%2F09%2F21%2Fim-calgarys-muslim-mayor-we-can-learn-trudeaus-brownface-moment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/opinion/contributors/2019/09/25/putting-trudeaus-past-vs-present-into-perspective.html">"Trudeau's past vs. Scheer's present | The Star"</a>. The Toronto Star. September 25, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190927011554/https://www.thestar.com/opinion/contributors/2019/09/25/putting-trudeaus-past-vs-present-into-perspective.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Trudeau%27s+past+vs.+Scheer%27s+present+%7C+The+Star&rft.date=2019-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fopinion%2Fcontributors%2F2019%2F09%2F25%2Fputting-trudeaus-past-vs-present-into-perspective.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torontosun.com/news/national/absolutely-deplorable-officials-react-on-social-media-to-trudeaus-blackface-photos">"'ABSOLUTELY DEPLORABLE': Officials react on social media to Trudeau's blackface photos | Toronto Sun"</a>. September 19, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129192112/https://torontosun.com/news/national/absolutely-deplorable-officials-react-on-social-media-to-trudeaus-blackface-photos">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27ABSOLUTELY+DEPLORABLE%27%3A+Officials+react+on+social+media+to+Trudeau%27s+blackface+photos+%26%23124%3B+Toronto+Sun&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorontosun.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fabsolutely-deplorable-officials-react-on-social-media-to-trudeaus-blackface-photos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDa_Silva2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Da_Silva" title="Chantal Da Silva">Da Silva, Chantal</a> (October 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/justin-trudeau-canadian-election-minority-government-donald-trump-1466845">"Justin Trudeau wins minority government—what does this mean for America?"</a>. Newsweek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406174906/https://www.newsweek.com/justin-trudeau-canadian-election-minority-government-donald-trump-1466845">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+wins+minority+government%E2%80%94what+does+this+mean+for+America%3F&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft.aulast=Da+Silva&rft.aufirst=Chantal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fjustin-trudeau-canadian-election-minority-government-donald-trump-1466845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/6071193/justin-trudeau-minority-government-plan/">"Trudeau says no plans to form a coalition, will push ahead on Trans Mountain"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406173403/https://globalnews.ca/news/6071193/justin-trudeau-minority-government-plan/">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+says+no+plans+to+form+a+coalition%2C+will+push+ahead+on+Trans+Mountain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F6071193%2Fjustin-trudeau-minority-government-plan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-toronto-236"><a href="#cite_ref-toronto_236-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/grenier-election-results-1.5330105">"Ontario and Quebec keep Liberals in power and Conservatives out"</a>. cbc.ca. October 22, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406194923/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/grenier-election-results-1.5330105">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ontario+and+Quebec+keep+Liberals+in+power+and+Conservatives+out&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fgrenier-election-results-1.5330105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAiello2019" class="citation web cs1">Aiello, Rachel (October 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://election.ctvnews.ca/historic-opportunity-opposition-leaders-take-stock-after-liberal-minority-win-1.4649796">"'Historic opportunity': Opposition leaders take stock after Liberal minority win"</a>. Federal Election 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210731183032/https://election.ctvnews.ca/historic-opportunity-opposition-leaders-take-stock-after-liberal-minority-win-1.4649796">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Election+2019&rft.atitle=%27Historic+opportunity%27%3A+Opposition+leaders+take+stock+after+Liberal+minority+win&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft.aulast=Aiello&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felection.ctvnews.ca%2Fhistoric-opportunity-opposition-leaders-take-stock-after-liberal-minority-win-1.4649796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ctv081521-238"><a href="#cite_ref-ctv081521_238-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAiello2021" class="citation news cs1">Aiello, Rachel (August 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-election-2021/trudeau-calls-federal-election-voters-to-go-to-the-polls-sept-20-1.5547815">"Trudeau calls federal election, voters to go to the polls Sept. 20"</a>. CTV News. Bell Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815154520/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-election-2021/trudeau-calls-federal-election-voters-to-go-to-the-polls-sept-20-1.5547815">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved August 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+calls+federal+election%2C+voters+to+go+to+the+polls+Sept.+20&rft.date=2021-08-15&rft.aulast=Aiello&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal-election-2021%2Ftrudeau-calls-federal-election-voters-to-go-to-the-polls-sept-20-1.5547815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toronto.citynews.ca/2021/08/23/canada-afghanistan-rescue-flights/">"Canada 'working tirelessly' to evacuate citizens from Kabul – CityNews Toronto"</a>. toronto.citynews.ca. August 23, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825004823/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2021/08/23/canada-afghanistan-rescue-flights/">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toronto.citynews.ca&rft.atitle=Canada+%27working+tirelessly%27+to+evacuate+citizens+from+Kabul+%E2%80%93+CityNews+Toronto&rft.date=2021-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoronto.citynews.ca%2F2021%2F08%2F23%2Fcanada-afghanistan-rescue-flights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazerolleRieti" class="citation news cs1">Mazerolle, John; Rieti, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-votes-2021-election-night-highlights-1.6177106">"Federal election latest updates"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303012643/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-votes-2021-election-night-highlights-1.6177106">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Federal+election+latest+updates&rft.aulast=Mazerolle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Rieti%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-votes-2021-election-night-highlights-1.6177106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hopper2-241"><a href="#cite_ref-Hopper2_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopper2021" class="citation news cs1">Hopper, Tristan (September 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2021/first-reading-the-least-popular-canadian-government-ever-elected">"First Reading: The Least Popular Canadian Government Ever Elected"</a>. National Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=First+Reading%3A+The+Least+Popular+Canadian+Government+Ever+Elected&rft.date=2021-09-22&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=Tristan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Felection-2021%2Ffirst-reading-the-least-popular-canadian-government-ever-elected&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-242">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_242-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_242-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/liberals-deal-with-ndp-will-keep-trudeau-minority-in-power-for-3-more-years-1.5829116">"Liberals' deal with NDP will keep Trudeau minority in power for 3 more years"</a>. CTVNews. March 22, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240301060047/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/liberals-deal-with-ndp-will-keep-trudeau-minority-in-power-for-3-more-years-1.5829116">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTVNews&rft.atitle=Liberals%27+deal+with+NDP+will+keep+Trudeau+minority+in+power+for+3+more+years&rft.date=2022-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fliberals-deal-with-ndp-will-keep-trudeau-minority-in-power-for-3-more-years-1.5829116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-liberal-pharmacare-singh-trudeau-1.7109692">"NDP threatens stalling tactics, end of agreement with Liberals over slow pace of pharmacare talks"</a>. February 9, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240301060047/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-liberal-pharmacare-singh-trudeau-1.7109692">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NDP+threatens+stalling+tactics%2C+end+of+agreement+with+Liberals+over+slow+pace+of+pharmacare+talks&rft.date=2024-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fndp-liberal-pharmacare-singh-trudeau-1.7109692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/liberals-and-ndp-reach-deal-on-pharmacare-1.6781041">"Liberals and NDP reach deal on pharmacare"</a>. CTVNews. February 23, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240301060158/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/liberals-and-ndp-reach-deal-on-pharmacare-1.6781041">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTVNews&rft.atitle=Liberals+and+NDP+reach+deal+on+pharmacare&rft.date=2024-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fliberals-and-ndp-reach-deal-on-pharmacare-1.6781041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimonjic" class="citation web cs1">Zimonjic, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jagmeet-singh-ndp-ending-agreement-1.7312910">"The NDP is ending its governance agreement with the Liberals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240904194031/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jagmeet-singh-ndp-ending-agreement-1.7312910">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2024. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=The+NDP+is+ending+its+governance+agreement+with+the+Liberals&rft.aulast=Zimonjic&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjagmeet-singh-ndp-ending-agreement-1.7312910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/canada-trudeau-election-ndp-support-agreement-7904127fd99bdc2b087b66b3c2025622">"Canadian opposition party ends support agreement with Prime Minister Trudeau's Liberals"</a>. AP News. September 5, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240906190928/https://apnews.com/article/canada-trudeau-election-ndp-support-agreement-7904127fd99bdc2b087b66b3c2025622">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2024. Retrieved September 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Canadian+opposition+party+ends+support+agreement+with+Prime+Minister+Trudeau%27s+Liberals&rft.date=2024-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fcanada-trudeau-election-ndp-support-agreement-7904127fd99bdc2b087b66b3c2025622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cm2n00e3z87o">"Canada's NDP pulls support for Trudeau's Liberals"</a>. www.bbc.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240906190928/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cm2n00e3z87o">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2024. Retrieved September 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+NDP+pulls+support+for+Trudeau%27s+Liberals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcm2n00e3z87o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c93pg0gnkvxo">"Canada's Trudeau survives no-confidence vote in parliament"</a>. BBC. September 25, 2024. Retrieved September 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+Trudeau+survives+no-confidence+vote+in+parliament&rft.date=2024-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc93pg0gnkvxo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38083733">"Trudeau government faces 'cash-for-access' criticism"</a>. BBC News. November 23, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230323054112/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38083733">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2023. Retrieved August 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+government+faces+%27cash-for-access%27+criticism&rft.date=2016-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-38083733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-defends-cash-for-access-fundraising/article32523956/">"Trudeau defends cash-for-access fundraising"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814074509/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-defends-cash-for-access-fundraising/article32523956/">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trudeau+defends+cash-for-access+fundraising&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-defends-cash-for-access-fundraising%2Farticle32523956%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-251">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_251-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_251-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2017" class="citation news cs1">Schwartz, Zane (April 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-cleared-in-cash-for-access-investigation-by-ethics-commissioner">"PM no longer under investigation for cash-for-access fundraisers, but ethics commissioner won't say why"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211808/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-cleared-in-cash-for-access-investigation-by-ethics-commissioner">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2024. Retrieved August 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=PM+no+longer+under+investigation+for+cash-for-access+fundraisers%2C+but+ethics+commissioner+won%27t+say+why&rft.date=2017-04-27&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Zane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjustin-trudeau-cleared-in-cash-for-access-investigation-by-ethics-commissioner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/on-cash-for-access-justin-trudeau-picks-up-where-kathleen-wynne-left-off/article32988739/">"Globe editorial: Justin Trudeau didn't invent cash-for-access, but he can end it"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. November 22, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814064432/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/on-cash-for-access-justin-trudeau-picks-up-where-kathleen-wynne-left-off/article32988739/">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Globe+editorial%3A+Justin+Trudeau+didn%27t+invent+cash-for-access%2C+but+he+can+end+it&rft.date=2016-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorials%2Fon-cash-for-access-justin-trudeau-picks-up-where-kathleen-wynne-left-off%2Farticle32988739%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-cash-for-access-fundraisers-changes/article33788333/">"Trudeau to end controversial cash-for-access fundraisers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. January 27, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814074510/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-cash-for-access-fundraisers-changes/article33788333/">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Trudeau+to+end+controversial+cash-for-access+fundraisers&rft.date=2017-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-cash-for-access-fundraisers-changes%2Farticle33788333%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-veconomist-254"><a href="#cite_ref-veconomist_254-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21730205-canadas-liberal-government-starting-make-mistakes-and-suffer-mishaps-justin-trudeaus">"Justin Trudeau's flying unicorn hits a storm"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. October 12, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014115635/https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21730205-canadas-liberal-government-starting-make-mistakes-and-suffer-mishaps-justin-trudeaus">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau%27s+flying+unicorn+hits+a+storm&rft.date=2017-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Famericas%2F21730205-canadas-liberal-government-starting-make-mistakes-and-suffer-mishaps-justin-trudeaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170117134836/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKBN15029P">"Canada's Trudeau faces ethics probe over Bahamas trip"</a>. Reuters. January 16, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKBN15029P">the original</a> on January 17, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+Trudeau+faces+ethics+probe+over+Bahamas+trip&rft.date=2017-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fca.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FtopNews%2FidCAKBN15029P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-ethics-aga-khan-1.4458220">"Trudeau 'sorry' for violating conflict laws with visits to Aga Khan's island"</a>. CBC News. December 20, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222163414/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-ethics-aga-khan-1.4458220">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trudeau+%27sorry%27+for+violating+conflict+laws+with+visits+to+Aga+Khan%27s+island&rft.date=2017-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-ethics-aga-khan-1.4458220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPress2017" class="citation news cs1">Press, Jordan (December 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespec.com/news-story/8017361-trudeau-becomes-first-prime-minister-found-in-violation-of-ethics-law/">"Trudeau becomes first prime minister found in violation of ethics law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hamilton_Spectator" title="The Hamilton Spectator">The Hamilton Spectator</a>. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232416/https://www.thespec.com/news-story/8017361-trudeau-becomes-first-prime-minister-found-in-violation-of-ethics-law/">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hamilton+Spectator&rft.atitle=Trudeau+becomes+first+prime+minister+found+in+violation+of+ethics+law&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft.aulast=Press&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespec.com%2Fnews-story%2F8017361-trudeau-becomes-first-prime-minister-found-in-violation-of-ethics-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFife2022" class="citation news cs1">Fife, Robert (April 25, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-newly-released-documents-show-rcmp-considered-whether-to-charge-justin/">"Trudeau faces backlash in House over inquiry into Aga Khan trip"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220522053721/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-newly-released-documents-show-rcmp-considered-whether-to-charge-justin/">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Trudeau+faces+backlash+in+House+over+inquiry+into+Aga+Khan+trip&rft.date=2022-04-25&rft.aulast=Fife&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-newly-released-documents-show-rcmp-considered-whether-to-charge-justin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTonda_MacCharles2018" class="citation news cs1">Tonda MacCharles (February 26, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/02/26/who-is-jaspal-atwal-man-at-centre-of-controversy-over-trudeaus-india-trip-remains-a-political-mystery.html">"Who is Jaspal Atwal? Man at centre of controversy over Trudeau's India trip remains a political mystery"</a>. The Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180304130014/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/02/26/who-is-jaspal-atwal-man-at-centre-of-controversy-over-trudeaus-india-trip-remains-a-political-mystery.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Who+is+Jaspal+Atwal%3F+Man+at+centre+of+controversy+over+Trudeau%27s+India+trip+remains+a+political+mystery&rft.date=2018-02-26&rft.au=Tonda+MacCharles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2018%2F02%2F26%2Fwho-is-jaspal-atwal-man-at-centre-of-controversy-over-trudeaus-india-trip-remains-a-political-mystery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Cochrane2018" class="citation news cs1">David Cochrane (February 22, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-india-atwal-controversy-1.4546502">"Trudeau's India visit marred by invite of B.C. man convicted of attempted murder"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180306135616/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-india-atwal-controversy-1.4546502">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trudeau%27s+India+visit+marred+by+invite+of+B.C.+man+convicted+of+attempted+murder&rft.date=2018-02-22&rft.au=David+Cochrane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-india-atwal-controversy-1.4546502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmanda_Connolly2018" class="citation news cs1">Amanda Connolly (March 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/4058984/justin-trudeau-india-trip-ipsos-poll/">"Justin Trudeau would lose if an election were held tomorrow, India trip a symptom of shift in mood: Ipsos poll"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180304080225/https://globalnews.ca/news/4058984/justin-trudeau-india-trip-ipsos-poll/">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+would+lose+if+an+election+were+held+tomorrow%2C+India+trip+a+symptom+of+shift+in+mood%3A+Ipsos+poll&rft.date=2018-03-03&rft.au=Amanda+Connolly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F4058984%2Fjustin-trudeau-india-trip-ipsos-poll%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRex_Murphy2018" class="citation news cs1">Rex Murphy (March 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/opinion/rex-murphy-perhaps-justin-trudeaus-india-trip-could-have-been-salvaged-with-some-elephants">"Rex Murphy: Perhaps Justin Trudeau's India trip could have been salvaged with some elephants?"</a>. The National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505101048/https://nationalpost.com/opinion/rex-murphy-perhaps-justin-trudeaus-india-trip-could-have-been-salvaged-with-some-elephants">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Post&rft.atitle=Rex+Murphy%3A+Perhaps+Justin+Trudeau%27s+India+trip+could+have+been+salvaged+with+some+elephants%3F&rft.date=2018-03-02&rft.au=Rex+Murphy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fopinion%2Frex-murphy-perhaps-justin-trudeaus-india-trip-could-have-been-salvaged-with-some-elephants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson" class="citation news cs1">Thompson, Elizabeth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-snc-lavalin-fraud-corruption-1.5009578">"Trudeau under fire over claim he pressured justice minister to intervene in SNC-Lavalin fraud case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190208011452/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-snc-lavalin-fraud-corruption-1.5009578">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2019. Retrieved February 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+under+fire+over+claim+he+pressured+justice+minister+to+intervene+in+SNC-Lavalin+fraud+case&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-snc-lavalin-fraud-corruption-1.5009578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-committee-snc-lavalin-1.5011161">"Jody Wilson-Raybould says she's bound by 'solicitor-client privilege', won't comment on SNC-Lavalin scandal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190208205912/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-committee-snc-lavalin-1.5011161">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2019. Retrieved February 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Jody+Wilson-Raybould+says+she%27s+bound+by+%27solicitor-client+privilege%27%2C+won%27t+comment+on+SNC-Lavalin+scandal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fscheer-committee-snc-lavalin-1.5011161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAiello2019" class="citation web cs1">Aiello, Rachel (February 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pm-waives-attorney-client-privilege-in-snc-lavalin-affair-1.4311440">"PM waives attorney-client privilege in SNC-Lavalin affair"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CTV_News" title="CTV News">CTV News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190425141152/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pm-waives-attorney-client-privilege-in-snc-lavalin-affair-1.4311440">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=PM+waives+attorney-client+privilege+in+SNC-Lavalin+affair&rft.date=2019-02-25&rft.aulast=Aiello&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fpm-waives-attorney-client-privilege-in-snc-lavalin-affair-1.4311440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/trudeau-welcomes-ethics-commissioner-probe-of-alleged-pmo-interference-in-snc-lavalin-case-1.4292014">"Trudeau 'welcomes' ethics commissioner probe of alleged PMO interference in SNC-Lavalin case"</a>. CTV News. February 11, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190218050903/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/trudeau-welcomes-ethics-commissioner-probe-of-alleged-pmo-interference-in-snc-lavalin-case-1.4292014">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+%27welcomes%27+ethics+commissioner+probe+of+alleged+PMO+interference+in+SNC-Lavalin+case&rft.date=2019-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-welcomes-ethics-commissioner-probe-of-alleged-pmo-interference-in-snc-lavalin-case-1.4292014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-from-the-comments-youre-a-model-for-all-canadian-elected-officials/">"From the comments: 'You're a model for all Canadian elected officials.' Readers react to resignation of Jody Wilson-Raybould"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190218020325/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-from-the-comments-youre-a-model-for-all-canadian-elected-officials/">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=From+the+comments%3A+%27You%27re+a+model+for+all+Canadian+elected+officials.%27+Readers+react+to+resignation+of+Jody+Wilson-Raybould&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-from-the-comments-youre-a-model-for-all-canadian-elected-officials%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Post2019" class="citation cs2">National Post (February 21, 2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXoffOVdd8U">Michael Wernick speaks to justice committee</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/tXoffOVdd8U">archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021, retrieved February 21, 2019</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michael+Wernick+speaks+to+justice+committee&rft.date=2019-02-21&rft.au=National+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DtXoffOVdd8U&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampion-SmithBoutilierBallingall2019" class="citation news cs1">Campion-Smith, Bruce; Boutilier, Alex; Ballingall, Alex (February 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/02/21/no-inappropriate-pressure-on-jody-wilson-raybould-in-snc-lavalin-affair-top-civil-servant-says.html">"No 'inappropriate pressure' on Jody Wilson-Raybould in SNC-Lavalin affair, top civil servant says – The Star"</a>. The Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190307053937/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/02/21/no-inappropriate-pressure-on-jody-wilson-raybould-in-snc-lavalin-affair-top-civil-servant-says.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=No+%27inappropriate+pressure%27+on+Jody+Wilson-Raybould+in+SNC-Lavalin+affair%2C+top+civil+servant+says+%E2%80%93+The+Star&rft.date=2019-02-21&rft.aulast=Campion-Smith&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.au=Boutilier%2C+Alex&rft.au=Ballingall%2C+Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal%2F2019%2F02%2F21%2Fno-inappropriate-pressure-on-jody-wilson-raybould-in-snc-lavalin-affair-top-civil-servant-says.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-270"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_270-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker,_John_Paul2019" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, John Paul (February 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/key-moments-jody-wilson-raybould-snc-lavalin-scandal-1.5036629">"Key moments from Jody Wilson-Raybould's SNC-Lavalin testimony"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190308152039/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/key-moments-jody-wilson-raybould-snc-lavalin-scandal-1.5036629">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Key+moments+from+Jody+Wilson-Raybould%27s+SNC-Lavalin+testimony&rft.date=2019-02-28&rft.au=Tasker%2C+John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fkey-moments-jody-wilson-raybould-snc-lavalin-scandal-1.5036629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wilson-raybould-committee-documents-audio-1.5077533">"Read and listen to Jody Wilson-Raybould's latest SNC-Lavalin evidence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424081706/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wilson-raybould-committee-documents-audio-1.5077533">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Read+and+listen+to+Jody+Wilson-Raybould%27s+latest+SNC-Lavalin+evidence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fwilson-raybould-committee-documents-audio-1.5077533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2019" class="citation news cs1">Walsh, Marieke (March 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ipolitics.ca/2019/03/19/liberals-shut-down-snc-lavalin-investigation-at-committee/">"Liberals shut down SNC-Lavalin investigation at committee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IPolitics" title="IPolitics">iPolitics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190320120407/https://ipolitics.ca/2019/03/19/liberals-shut-down-snc-lavalin-investigation-at-committee/">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=iPolitics&rft.atitle=Liberals+shut+down+SNC-Lavalin+investigation+at+committee&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Marieke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fipolitics.ca%2F2019%2F03%2F19%2Fliberals-shut-down-snc-lavalin-investigation-at-committee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191007012206/http://ciec-ccie.parl.gc.ca/EN/ReportsAndPublications/Pages/TrudeauIIReport.aspx">"Trudeau Report"</a>. Parliament of Canada. September 16, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ciec-ccie.parl.gc.ca/EN/ReportsAndPublications/Pages/TrudeauIIReport.aspx">the original</a> on October 7, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trudeau+Report&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Canada&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fciec-ccie.parl.gc.ca%2FEN%2FReportsAndPublications%2FPages%2FTrudeauIIReport.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190830232431/http://ciec-ccie.parl.gc.ca/EN/InformationFor/Pages/NRTrudeauII.aspx">"Contravention of section 9 of the Conflict of Interest Act found in report released by Commissioner Dion"</a>. Parliament of Canada. August 14, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ciec-ccie.parl.gc.ca/EN/InformationFor/Pages/NRTrudeauII.aspx">the original</a> on August 30, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contravention+of+section+9+of+the+Conflict+of+Interest+Act+found+in+report+released+by+Commissioner+Dion&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Canada&rft.date=2019-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fciec-ccie.parl.gc.ca%2FEN%2FInformationFor%2FPages%2FNRTrudeauII.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/trudeau-breached-federal-ethics-rules-in-snc-lavalin-affair-ethics-commissioner/">"Trudeau breached federal ethics rules in SNC-Lavalin affair: ethics commissioner"</a>. Mclean's. August 14, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191004072308/https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/trudeau-breached-federal-ethics-rules-in-snc-lavalin-affair-ethics-commissioner/">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trudeau+breached+federal+ethics+rules+in+SNC-Lavalin+affair%3A+ethics+commissioner&rft.pub=Mclean%27s&rft.date=2019-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fottawa%2Ftrudeau-breached-federal-ethics-rules-in-snc-lavalin-affair-ethics-commissioner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisKapelos2019" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Kathleen; Kapelos, Vassy (August 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wilson-raybould-rcmp-snc-lavalin-1.5250225">"Wilson-Raybould now says she was contacted by RCMP over SNC-Lavalin affair"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190929005528/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wilson-raybould-rcmp-snc-lavalin-1.5250225">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wilson-Raybould+now+says+she+was+contacted+by+RCMP+over+SNC-Lavalin+affair&rft.date=2019-08-16&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.au=Kapelos%2C+Vassy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fwilson-raybould-rcmp-snc-lavalin-1.5250225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite-Crummey2019" class="citation news cs1">White-Crummey, Arthur (August 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/national/scheer-blasts-trudeau-in-regina-on-day-of-damning-snc-lavalin-report/wcm/cd57ea61-0280-4568-b029-e7de1d8987e9">"Scheer blasts Trudeau on day of damning SNC-Lavalin report"</a>. The National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505101037/https://nationalpost.com/news/national/scheer-blasts-trudeau-in-regina-on-day-of-damning-snc-lavalin-report">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2024. Retrieved October 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Post&rft.atitle=Scheer+blasts+Trudeau+on+day+of+damning+SNC-Lavalin+report&rft.date=2019-08-14&rft.aulast=White-Crummey&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fscheer-blasts-trudeau-in-regina-on-day-of-damning-snc-lavalin-report%2Fwcm%2Fcd57ea61-0280-4568-b029-e7de1d8987e9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimonjic2020" class="citation news cs1">Zimonjic, Peter (July 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wecharity-trudeau-mario-dion-probe-1.5637195">"Ethics watchdog launches probe of Trudeau over choice of WE Charity to run $900M student grant program"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703221230/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wecharity-trudeau-mario-dion-probe-1.5637195">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Ethics+watchdog+launches+probe+of+Trudeau+over+choice+of+WE+Charity+to+run+%24900M+student+grant+program&rft.date=2020-07-03&rft.aulast=Zimonjic&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fwecharity-trudeau-mario-dion-probe-1.5637195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreen2020" class="citation news cs1">Breen, Kerri (July 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/7137411/ethics-commissioner-trudeau-we-charity">"Ethics commissioner launches investigation into Trudeau, $900M WE Charity contract"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703220621/https://globalnews.ca/news/7137411/ethics-commissioner-trudeau-we-charity/">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Ethics+commissioner+launches+investigation+into+Trudeau%2C+%24900M+WE+Charity+contract&rft.date=2020-07-03&rft.aulast=Breen&rft.aufirst=Kerri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F7137411%2Fethics-commissioner-trudeau-we-charity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tasker1-280"><a href="#cite_ref-Tasker1_280-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2020" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, John Paul (July 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/we-charity-student-grant-program-1.5636332">"Federal government, WE Charity agree to part ways on summer student grant program"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703221229/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/we-charity-student-grant-program-1.5636332">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Federal+government%2C+WE+Charity+agree+to+part+ways+on+summer+student+grant+program&rft.date=2020-07-03&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fwe-charity-student-grant-program-1.5636332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmore2020" class="citation web cs1">Gilmore, Rachel (July 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pm-trudeau-s-mother-brother-and-wife-were-paid-to-speak-at-we-charity-events-1.5017697">"PM Trudeau's mother, brother and wife were paid to speak at WE Charity events"</a>. CTVNews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200718173258/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pm-trudeau-s-mother-brother-and-wife-were-paid-to-speak-at-we-charity-events-1.5017697">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTVNews&rft.atitle=PM+Trudeau%27s+mother%2C+brother+and+wife+were+paid+to+speak+at+WE+Charity+events&rft.date=2020-07-09&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fpm-trudeau-s-mother-brother-and-wife-were-paid-to-speak-at-we-charity-events-1.5017697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalshCurry2020" class="citation news cs1">Walsh, Marieke; Curry, Bill (July 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-prime-ministers-mother-brother-paid-to-speak-at-we-charity-events/">"Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's wife, mother and brother paid to speak at WE Charity events"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819065306/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-prime-ministers-mother-brother-paid-to-speak-at-we-charity-events/">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Prime+Minister+Justin+Trudeau%27s+wife%2C+mother+and+brother+paid+to+speak+at+WE+Charity+events&rft.date=2020-07-09&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Marieke&rft.au=Curry%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-prime-ministers-mother-brother-paid-to-speak-at-we-charity-events%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2020" class="citation news cs1">Porter, Catherine (July 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/13/world/canada/trudeau-we-charity-apology.html">"Speaking on Charity Scandal, Trudeau Adopts a Now-Familiar Tone of Contrition"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714015032/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/13/world/canada/trudeau-we-charity-apology.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Speaking+on+Charity+Scandal%2C+Trudeau+Adopts+a+Now-Familiar+Tone+of+Contrition&rft.date=2020-07-13&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F07%2F13%2Fworld%2Fcanada%2Ftrudeau-we-charity-apology.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNardi2020" class="citation news cs1">Nardi, Christopher (July 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/breaking-ethics-commissioner-extends-we-charity-investigation-to-finance-minister-bill-morneau">"Ethics commissioner launches WE Charity investigation into Finance Minister Bill Morneau"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209212446/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/breaking-ethics-commissioner-extends-we-charity-investigation-to-finance-minister-bill-morneau">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2024. Retrieved July 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Ethics+commissioner+launches+WE+Charity+investigation+into+Finance+Minister+Bill+Morneau&rft.date=2020-07-16&rft.aulast=Nardi&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fbreaking-ethics-commissioner-extends-we-charity-investigation-to-finance-minister-bill-morneau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatherine_Tunney2021" class="citation news cs1">Catherine Tunney (May 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/we-charity-ethics-report-trudeau-morneau-1.6024982">"Trudeau cleared in WE Charity scandal but former finance minister broke conflict law, says ethics watchdog"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220712220756/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/we-charity-ethics-report-trudeau-morneau-1.6024982">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+cleared+in+WE+Charity+scandal+but+former+finance+minister+broke+conflict+law%2C+says+ethics+watchdog&rft.date=2021-05-13&rft.au=Catherine+Tunney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fwe-charity-ethics-report-trudeau-morneau-1.6024982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonokoski2020" class="citation web cs1">Bonokoski, Mark (September 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/bonokoski-liberals-favourite-debt-to-gdp-tool-now-totally-useless">"BONOKOSKI: Liberals' favourite debt-to-GDP tool now totally useless"</a>. torontosun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220130233107/https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/bonokoski-liberals-favourite-debt-to-gdp-tool-now-totally-useless">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2022. Retrieved November 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=torontosun&rft.atitle=BONOKOSKI%3A+Liberals%27+favourite+debt-to-GDP+tool+now+totally+useless&rft.date=2020-09-17&rft.aulast=Bonokoski&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorontosun.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fbonokoski-liberals-favourite-debt-to-gdp-tool-now-totally-useless&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeuprecht2020" class="citation news cs1">Leuprecht, Christian (December 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/opinion/opinion-deficit-debt-spending-pandemic-canada-1.5813479">"Liberal government is placing a daring fiscal bet with its massive deficit spending plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414062506/https://www.cbc.ca/news/opinion/opinion-deficit-debt-spending-pandemic-canada-1.5813479">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Liberal+government+is+placing+a+daring+fiscal+bet+with+its+massive+deficit+spending+plan&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft.aulast=Leuprecht&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fopinion%2Fopinion-deficit-debt-spending-pandemic-canada-1.5813479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HeatherSaul-288"><a href="#cite_ref-HeatherSaul_288-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaul2015" class="citation news cs1">Saul, Heather (October 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/justin-trudeau-the-self-declared-feminist-and-pro-choice-prime-minister-of-canada-who-wants-to-a6700976.html">"Justin Trudeau: The rise of the feminist and pro-choice Canadian Prime Minister who wants to legalise marijuana 'right away'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033911/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/justin-trudeau-the-self-declared-feminist-and-pro-choice-prime-minister-of-canada-who-wants-to-a6700976.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau%3A+The+rise+of+the+feminist+and+pro-choice+Canadian+Prime+Minister+who+wants+to+legalise+marijuana+%27right+away%27&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft.aulast=Saul&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fjustin-trudeau-the-self-declared-feminist-and-pro-choice-prime-minister-of-canada-who-wants-to-a6700976.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeith2022" class="citation news cs1">Keith, Morgan (January 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/following-unanimous-parliamentary-approval-in-2021-conversion-therapy-is-now-illegal-in-canada/ar-AASyFoT">"Following unanimous parliamentary approval in 2021, conversion therapy is now illegal in Canada"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118224735/https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/following-unanimous-parliamentary-approval-in-2021-conversion-therapy-is-now-illegal-in-canada/ar-AASyFoT">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Following+unanimous+parliamentary+approval+in+2021%2C+conversion+therapy+is+now+illegal+in+Canada&rft.date=2022-01-08&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fmoney%2Fother%2Ffollowing-unanimous-parliamentary-approval-in-2021-conversion-therapy-is-now-illegal-in-canada%2Far-AASyFoT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syrians-290"><a href="#cite_ref-Syrians_290-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-syria-refugees-settlement-groups-1.3291959">"Justin Trudeau's promise to take 25,000 Syrian refugees this year 'problematic'"</a>. CBC. October 28, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413090016/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-syria-refugees-settlement-groups-1.3291959">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau%27s+promise+to+take+25%2C000+Syrian+refugees+this+year+%27problematic%27&rft.date=2015-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-syria-refugees-settlement-groups-1.3291959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Immigrants2018-291"><a href="#cite_ref-Immigrants2018_291-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathleen_HarrisChris_HallPeter_Zimonjic2017" class="citation news cs1">Kathleen Harris; Chris Hall; Peter Zimonjic (November 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/immigration-canada-2018-1.4371146">"Canada to admit nearly 1 million immigrants over next 3 years"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191118155849/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/immigration-canada-2018-1.4371146">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2019. Retrieved November 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Canada+to+admit+nearly+1+million+immigrants+over+next+3+years&rft.date=2017-11-01&rft.au=Kathleen+Harris&rft.au=Chris+Hall&rft.au=Peter+Zimonjic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fimmigration-canada-2018-1.4371146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/230322/dq230322f-eng.htm">"The Daily — Canada's population estimates: Record-high population growth in 2022"</a>. March 22, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240601103953/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/230322/dq230322f-eng.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Daily+%E2%80%94+Canada%27s+population+estimates%3A+Record-high+population+growth+in+2022&rft.date=2023-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Fn1%2Fdaily-quotidien%2F230322%2Fdq230322f-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-record-population-growth-1.7063692">"Statistics Canada reports record population growth, more than 430,000 in Q3"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. Retrieved September 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Statistics+Canada+reports+record+population+growth%2C+more+than+430%2C000+in+Q3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-record-population-growth-1.7063692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/10218390/immigration-housing-canada-ircc/">"Ottawa warned about impact of high immigration on housing in 2022: Documents - National | Globalnews.ca"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240531174232/https://globalnews.ca/news/10218390/immigration-housing-canada-ircc/">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ottawa+warned+about+impact+of+high+immigration+on+housing+in+2022%3A+Documents+-+National+%26%23124%3B+Globalnews.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F10218390%2Fimmigration-housing-canada-ircc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://financialpost.com/real-estate/justin-trudeau-home-prices-too-high">"Justin Trudeau says home prices have climbed 'far too high' | Financial Post"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240211131922/https://financialpost.com/real-estate/justin-trudeau-home-prices-too-high">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Justin+Trudeau+says+home+prices+have+climbed+%27far+too+high%27+%26%23124%3B+Financial+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinancialpost.com%2Freal-estate%2Fjustin-trudeau-home-prices-too-high&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/10531736/trudeau-housing-prices-affordability/#:~:text=Pasalis%20said%20the%20notion%20that,a%20long%20time%20to%20achieve.&text=%E2%80%9CIf%20prices%20don%27t%20appreciate,But%20it%27s%20very%20unlikely.%E2%80%9D">"Trudeau wants to maintain home prices while pushing affordability. Is it possible? - National | Globalnews.ca"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240531174231/https://globalnews.ca/news/10531736/trudeau-housing-prices-affordability/#:~:text=Pasalis%20said%20the%20notion%20that,a%20long%20time%20to%20achieve.&text=%E2%80%9CIf%20prices%20don%27t%20appreciate,But%20it%27s%20very%20unlikely.%E2%80%9D">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trudeau+wants+to+maintain+home+prices+while+pushing+affordability.+Is+it+possible%3F+-+National+%26%23124%3B+Globalnews.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F10531736%2Ftrudeau-housing-prices-affordability%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DPasalis%2520said%2520the%2520notion%2520that%2Ca%2520long%2520time%2520to%2520achieve.%26text%3D%25E2%2580%259CIf%2520prices%2520don%2527t%2520appreciate%2CBut%2520it%2527s%2520very%2520unlikely.%25E2%2580%259D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarlo2021" class="citation report cs1">Sarlo, Christopher A. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/does-the-canada-child-benefit-actually-reduce-child-poverty.pdf">Does the Canada Child Benefit Actually Reduce Child Poverty?</a> (PDF) (Report). Fraser Institute. Retrieved September 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Does+the+Canada+Child+Benefit+Actually+Reduce+Child+Poverty%3F&rft.pub=Fraser+Institute&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Sarlo&rft.aufirst=Christopher+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fraserinstitute.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdoes-the-canada-child-benefit-actually-reduce-child-poverty.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmunk2023" class="citation news cs1">Schmunk, Rhianna (October 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/food-bank-use-highest-in-canadian-history-hunger-count-2023-report-1.7006464">"As cost of living soars, millions of Canadians are turning to food banks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. Retrieved September 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=As+cost+of+living+soars%2C+millions+of+Canadians+are+turning+to+food+banks&rft.date=2023-10-25&rft.aulast=Schmunk&rft.aufirst=Rhianna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Ffood-bank-use-highest-in-canadian-history-hunger-count-2023-report-1.7006464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBC-299"><a href="#cite_ref-CBC_299-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2016" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Kathleen (April 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-physician-assisted-death-law-1.3535193">"Doctor-assisted dying bill restricted to adults facing 'foreseeable' death"</a>. CBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170530013742/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-physician-assisted-death-law-1.3535193">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Doctor-assisted+dying+bill+restricted+to+adults+facing+%27foreseeable%27+death&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-physician-assisted-death-law-1.3535193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WEED-300"><a href="#cite_ref-WEED_300-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2018" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, John Paul (June 20, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/cannabis-pot-legalization-bill-1.4713839">"Trudeau says pot will be legal as of Oct. 17, 2018"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180621014418/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/cannabis-pot-legalization-bill-1.4713839">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved October 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+says+pot+will+be+legal+as+of+Oct.+17%2C+2018&rft.date=2018-06-20&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcannabis-pot-legalization-bill-1.4713839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLjunggren2021" class="citation web cs1">Ljunggren, David (April 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-put-up-c30-bln-long-awaited-national-childcare-program-2021-04-19/">"Canada to put up C$30 billion for long-awaited national childcare program"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414065147/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-put-up-c30-bln-long-awaited-national-childcare-program-2021-04-19/">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved August 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Canada+to+put+up+C%2430+billion+for+long-awaited+national+childcare+program&rft.date=2021-04-19&rft.aulast=Ljunggren&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fcanada-put-up-c30-bln-long-awaited-national-childcare-program-2021-04-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-immigration-500000-2025-1.6636661">"Ottawa reveals plan to welcome 500,000 immigrants per year by 2025"</a>. CBC News. November 1, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231218030634/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-immigration-500000-2025-1.6636661">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2023. Retrieved December 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Ottawa+reveals+plan+to+welcome+500%2C000+immigrants+per+year+by+2025&rft.date=2022-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-immigration-500000-2025-1.6636661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LucasPowers-303"><a href="#cite_ref-LucasPowers_303-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowers2019" class="citation news cs1">Powers, Lucas (September 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-climate-change-2030-fact-check-1.5295961">"Trudeau's claim that Canada is 'on track' to meet 2030 climate target is misleading"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506181210/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-climate-change-2030-fact-check-1.5295961">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau%27s+claim+that+Canada+is+%27on+track%27+to+meet+2030+climate+target+is+misleading&rft.date=2019-09-25&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=Lucas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-climate-change-2030-fact-check-1.5295961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iec-304"><a href="#cite_ref-iec_304-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://business.financialpost.com/technology/innovation-energy-canada-leads-the-way-in-carbon-capture-as-more-governments-put-a-price-on-co2">"Innovation Energy: Canada leads the way in carbon capture as more governments put a price on CO2"</a>. Financial Post, a division of Postmedia Network Inc. July 17, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230127022604/https://business.financialpost.com/technology/innovation-energy-canada-leads-the-way-in-carbon-capture-as-more-governments-put-a-price-on-co2">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Innovation+Energy%3A+Canada+leads+the+way+in+carbon+capture+as+more+governments+put+a+price+on+CO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.financialpost.com%2Ftechnology%2Finnovation-energy-canada-leads-the-way-in-carbon-capture-as-more-governments-put-a-price-on-co2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lake-305"><a href="#cite_ref-Lake_305-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLake2018" class="citation web cs1">Lake, Holly (November 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ipolitics.ca/2018/11/09/environment-and-economy-face-off-in-battle-over-marine-protection-bill/">"Environment and economy face off in battle over marine-protection bill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IPolitics" title="IPolitics">iPolitics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601171527/https://ipolitics.ca/2018/11/09/environment-and-economy-face-off-in-battle-over-marine-protection-bill/">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Environment+and+economy+face+off+in+battle+over+marine-protection+bill&rft.pub=iPolitics&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft.aulast=Lake&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fipolitics.ca%2F2018%2F11%2F09%2Fenvironment-and-economy-face-off-in-battle-over-marine-protection-bill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hypocrisy-306"><a href="#cite_ref-Hypocrisy_306-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2019" class="citation web cs1">Rodriguez, Jeremiah (June 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/pile-of-hypocrisy-trudeau-called-out-for-single-use-plastic-forks-in-photo-1.4481728">"'Pile of hypocrisy': Trudeau called out for single-use plastic forks in photo"</a>. CTVNews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418140602/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/pile-of-hypocrisy-trudeau-called-out-for-single-use-plastic-forks-in-photo-1.4481728">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTVNews&rft.atitle=%27Pile+of+hypocrisy%27%3A+Trudeau+called+out+for+single-use+plastic+forks+in+photo&rft.date=2019-06-25&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Jeremiah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fcanada%2Fpile-of-hypocrisy-trudeau-called-out-for-single-use-plastic-forks-in-photo-1.4481728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JoshKElliott-307"><a href="#cite_ref-JoshKElliott_307-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosh_K.2019" class="citation news cs1">Josh K., Elliott (June 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5416659/what-is-bill-c69-pipelines/">"Why critics fear Bill C-69 will be a 'pipeline killer'"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418101247/https://globalnews.ca/news/5416659/what-is-bill-c69-pipelines/">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Why+critics+fear+Bill+C-69+will+be+a+%27pipeline+killer%27&rft.date=2019-06-21&rft.aulast=Josh+K.&rft.aufirst=Elliott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F5416659%2Fwhat-is-bill-c69-pipelines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewburger2022" class="citation news cs1">Newburger, Emma (June 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/21/canada-is-banning-single-use-plastics-by-the-end-of-the-year-.html">"Canada is banning single-use plastics, including grocery bags and straws"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418151812/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/21/canada-is-banning-single-use-plastics-by-the-end-of-the-year-.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved July 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canada+is+banning+single-use+plastics%2C+including+grocery+bags+and+straws&rft.date=2022-06-21&rft.aulast=Newburger&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F06%2F21%2Fcanada-is-banning-single-use-plastics-by-the-end-of-the-year-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swooning-309"><a href="#cite_ref-Swooning_309-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKibben2017" class="citation news cs1">McKibben, Bill (April 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/apr/17/stop-swooning-justin-trudeau-man-disaster-planet">"Stop swooning over Justin Trudeau. The man is a disaster for the planet – Bill McKibben"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418101247/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/apr/17/stop-swooning-justin-trudeau-man-disaster-planet">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved January 31, 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Stop+swooning+over+Justin+Trudeau.+The+man+is+a+disaster+for+the+planet+%E2%80%93+Bill+McKibben&rft.date=2017-04-17&rft.aulast=McKibben&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2017%2Fapr%2F17%2Fstop-swooning-justin-trudeau-man-disaster-planet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vancouversun.com/news/staff-blogs/the-dangers-of-trudeaus-postnational-canada">"The dangers of Trudeau's 'postnational' Canada"</a>. Vancouversun.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521093417/https://vancouversun.com/news/staff-blogs/the-dangers-of-trudeaus-postnational-canada">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2022. Retrieved July 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vancouversun.com&rft.atitle=The+dangers+of+Trudeau%27s+%27postnational%27+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvancouversun.com%2Fnews%2Fstaff-blogs%2Fthe-dangers-of-trudeaus-postnational-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMas2015" class="citation news cs1">Mas, Susana (November 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-formally-commits-to-lifting-visa-requirement-for-mexicans-1.3323013">"Justin Trudeau formally commits to lifting visa requirement for Mexicans"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. Retrieved September 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+formally+commits+to+lifting+visa+requirement+for+Mexicans&rft.date=2015-11-17&rft.aulast=Mas&rft.aufirst=Susana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjustin-trudeau-formally-commits-to-lifting-visa-requirement-for-mexicans-1.3323013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/politics/canada-to-reinstate-visas-for-mexican-nationals-after-spike-in-asylum-claims-report/article_a3f1e341-5c8d-551c-82d8-752226d87d7e.html">"Canada to reinstate visas for Mexican nationals after spike in asylum claims: Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. February 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Canada+to+reinstate+visas+for+Mexican+nationals+after+spike+in+asylum+claims%3A+Report&rft.date=2024-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-to-reinstate-visas-for-mexican-nationals-after-spike-in-asylum-claims-report%2Farticle_a3f1e341-5c8d-551c-82d8-752226d87d7e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/trudeau-tweet-caused-influx-of-refugee-inquiries-confusion-within-government-emails-reveal">"Trudeau tweet caused influx of refugee inquiries, confusion within government, emails reveal | National Post"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trudeau+tweet+caused+influx+of+refugee+inquiries%2C+confusion+within+government%2C+emails+reveal+%26%23124%3B+National+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-tweet-caused-influx-of-refugee-inquiries-confusion-within-government-emails-reveal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/9481335/asylum-seekers-cross-irregularly-canada/">"'Roxham Road! 60 dollars!': Here's how asylum seekers cross irregularly into Canada | Globalnews.ca"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Roxham+Road%21+60+dollars%21%27%3A+Here%27s+how+asylum+seekers+cross+irregularly+into+Canada+%26%23124%3B+Globalnews.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F9481335%2Fasylum-seekers-cross-irregularly-canada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/canada-u-s-deal-asylum-seeker-explained">"Canada, U.S. reach deal to stop asylum seekers at unofficial crossings | National Post"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canada%2C+U.S.+reach+deal+to+stop+asylum+seekers+at+unofficial+crossings+%26%23124%3B+National+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-u-s-deal-asylum-seeker-explained&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/airports-see-surge-in-asylum-claims-after-border-visa-requirement-changes-1.6617239#:~:text=From%20January%20through%20September%202023%2C%20the%20Canada%20Border,in%20total%2C%20were%20made%20at%20airports%20in%20Quebec">"Airports see surge in asylum claims after border, visa requirement changes"</a>. October 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Airports+see+surge+in+asylum+claims+after+border%2C+visa+requirement+changes&rft.date=2023-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fcanada%2Fairports-see-surge-in-asylum-claims-after-border-visa-requirement-changes-1.6617239%23%3A~%3Atext%3DFrom%2520January%2520through%2520September%25202023%252C%2520the%2520Canada%2520Border%2Cin%2520total%252C%2520were%2520made%2520at%2520airports%2520in%2520Quebec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/c0827cb5451c412f93c84816c4d7d7f5/">"Obama, Trudeau show like-minded values in White House visit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. March 10, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627032201/https://apnews.com/article/c0827cb5451c412f93c84816c4d7d7f5/">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obama%2C+Trudeau+show+like-minded+values+in+White+House+visit&rft.pub=Associated+Press&rft.date=2016-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fc0827cb5451c412f93c84816c4d7d7f5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2015" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Kathleen (November 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-keystone-pipeline-trudeau-obama-1.3307458">"Justin Trudeau 'disappointed' with U.S. rejection of Keystone XL"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221218004444/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-keystone-pipeline-trudeau-obama-1.3307458">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+%27disappointed%27+with+U.S.+rejection+of+Keystone+XL&rft.date=2015-11-06&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-keystone-pipeline-trudeau-obama-1.3307458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iraq/Syria_trainers,_aid-319"><a href="#cite_ref-Iraq/Syria_trainers,_aid_319-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/11/13/end-combat-mission-in-iraq-and-syria-trudeau-orders-defence-minister.html">"End combat mission in Iraq and Syria, Trudeau orders defence minister"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. November 13, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151114132621/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/11/13/end-combat-mission-in-iraq-and-syria-trudeau-orders-defence-minister.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2015. Retrieved November 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=End+combat+mission+in+Iraq+and+Syria%2C+Trudeau+orders+defence+minister&rft.date=2015-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2015%2F11%2F13%2Fend-combat-mission-in-iraq-and-syria-trudeau-orders-defence-minister.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-revisedgoal-320"><a href="#cite_ref-revisedgoal_320-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarbert2016" class="citation news cs1">Carbert, Michelle (February 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/liberals-revised-goal-met-as-25000th-syrian-refugee-arrives-in-canada/article28944527/">"Liberals' revised goal met as 25,000th Syrian refugee arrives in Canada"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303090537/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/liberals-revised-goal-met-as-25000th-syrian-refugee-arrives-in-canada/article28944527/">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved March 26, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Liberals%27+revised+goal+met+as+25%2C000th+Syrian+refugee+arrives+in+Canada&rft.date=2016-02-28&rft.aulast=Carbert&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fliberals-revised-goal-met-as-25000th-syrian-refugee-arrives-in-canada%2Farticle28944527%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clearit.ca/canadian-customs-broker-blog/cusma-trade-deal/">"CUSMA: What The New Trade Deal Means For Canadians |"</a>. clearit.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421183537/https://clearit.ca/canadian-customs-broker-blog/cusma-trade-deal/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved December 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=clearit.ca&rft.atitle=CUSMA%3A+What+The+New+Trade+Deal+Means+For+Canadians+%7C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclearit.ca%2Fcanadian-customs-broker-blog%2Fcusma-trade-deal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canada_ratification-322"><a href="#cite_ref-Canada_ratification_322-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-usmca-canada/canadian-parliament-rushes-through-ratification-of-usmca-trade-pact-idUSKBN2102I5">"Canadian Parliament rushes through ratification of USMCA trade pact"</a>. Reuters. March 13, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126025217/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-usmca-canada/canadian-parliament-rushes-through-ratification-of-usmca-trade-pact-idUSKBN2102I5">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+Parliament+rushes+through+ratification+of+USMCA+trade+pact&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-trade-usmca-canada%2Fcanadian-parliament-rushes-through-ratification-of-usmca-trade-pact-idUSKBN2102I5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolfe229-323"><a href="#cite_ref-Wolfe229_323-0">^</a> Daniel Wolfe, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/1318475/the-full-list-of-229-us-products-targeted-by-canadas-retaliatory-tariffs/">The full list of 229 US products targeted by Canada's retaliatory tariffs</a>, Quartz (June 29, 2018). </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz2018" class="citation news cs1">Horowitz, Julia (December 6, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/05/tech/huawei-cfo-arrested-canada/index.html">"Huawei CFO Meng Wanzhou arrested in Canada, faces extradition to United States"</a>. CNN Business. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190119001051/https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/05/tech/huawei-cfo-arrested-canada/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+Business&rft.atitle=Huawei+CFO+Meng+Wanzhou+arrested+in+Canada%2C+faces+extradition+to+United+States&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F12%2F05%2Ftech%2Fhuawei-cfo-arrested-canada%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernándezPorter2020" class="citation news cs1">Hernández, Javier C.; Porter, Catherine (June 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/world/asia/china-canada-kovrig-spavor.html">"China Indicts 2 Canadians on Spying Charges, Escalating Dispute"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619050602/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/world/asia/china-canada-kovrig-spavor.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=China+Indicts+2+Canadians+on+Spying+Charges%2C+Escalating+Dispute&rft.date=2020-06-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Javier+C.&rft.au=Porter%2C+Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F19%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-canada-kovrig-spavor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/8428073/dominic-barton-steps-down-ottawa-pressure-biden-administration/">"Canada's ambassador to China steps down as Ottawa faces pressure from Biden administration - National | Globalnews.ca"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+ambassador+to+China+steps+down+as+Ottawa+faces+pressure+from+Biden+administration+-+National+%26%23124%3B+Globalnews.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F8428073%2Fdominic-barton-steps-down-ottawa-pressure-biden-administration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster2021" class="citation web cs1">Webster, David (September 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/meng-for-the-two-michaels-lessons-for-the-world-from-the-china-canada-prisoner-swap-168737">"Meng for the two Michaels: Lessons for the world from the China-Canada prisoner swap"</a>. The Conversation. Retrieved October 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Meng+for+the+two+Michaels%3A+Lessons+for+the+world+from+the+China-Canada+prisoner+swap&rft.date=2021-09-26&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fmeng-for-the-two-michaels-lessons-for-the-world-from-the-china-canada-prisoner-swap-168737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCecco2024" class="citation news cs1">Cecco, Leyland (March 7, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/07/michael-spavor-settlement-canada?ref=upstract.com">"Canada reaches settlement with Michael Spavor over detention in China"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Canada+reaches+settlement+with+Michael+Spavor+over+detention+in+China&rft.date=2024-03-07&rft.aulast=Cecco&rft.aufirst=Leyland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fmar%2F07%2Fmichael-spavor-settlement-canada%3Fref%3Dupstract.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/completely-unacceptable-pm-decries-lack-of-transparency-around-trials-of-spavor-and-kovrig-1.5353981">"'Completely unacceptable': PM decries lack of transparency around trials of Spavor and Kovrig"</a>. March 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Completely+unacceptable%27%3A+PM+decries+lack+of+transparency+around+trials+of+Spavor+and+Kovrig&rft.date=2021-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fcanada%2Fcompletely-unacceptable-pm-decries-lack-of-transparency-around-trials-of-spavor-and-kovrig-1.5353981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-330"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_330-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCecco2020" class="citation news cs1">Cecco, Leyland (June 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/09/canada-doubles-weapons-sales-to-saudi-arabia-despite-moratorium">"Canada doubles weapons sales to Saudi Arabia despite moratorium"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved December 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Canada+doubles+weapons+sales+to+Saudi+Arabia+despite+moratorium&rft.date=2020-06-09&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Cecco&rft.aufirst=Leyland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjun%2F09%2Fcanada-doubles-weapons-sales-to-saudi-arabia-despite-moratorium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTunney2023" class="citation news cs1">Tunney, Catherine (September 19, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/nijjar-india-protection-rcmp-1.6971558">"Questions mount about security precautions for Nijjar after India's government linked to killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Questions+mount+about+security+precautions+for+Nijjar+after+India%27s+government+linked+to+killing&rft.date=2023-09-19&rft.aulast=Tunney&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fnijjar-india-protection-rcmp-1.6971558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/18/canada-loses-bid-un-security-council-seat-justin-trudeau">"Canada's failed UN security council bid exposes Trudeau's 'dilettante' foreign policy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London, United Kingdom. June 18, 2020. Retrieved June 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+failed+UN+security+council+bid+exposes+Trudeau%27s+%27dilettante%27+foreign+policy&rft.date=2020-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjun%2F18%2Fcanada-loses-bid-un-security-council-seat-justin-trudeau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2023" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Michael (October 7, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/trudeau-poilievre-condemn-hamas-attack-on-israel-1.6593134">"Trudeau, Poilievre condemn Hamas attack on Israel"</a>. CTV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007163710/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/trudeau-poilievre-condemn-hamas-attack-on-israel-1.6593134">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trudeau%2C+Poilievre+condemn+Hamas+attack+on+Israel&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-poilievre-condemn-hamas-attack-on-israel-1.6593134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-liberals-caucus-israel-hamas-war/">"Liberals remain divided after Trudeau's call for 'humanitarian pauses' in Israel-Hamas war"</a>. The Globe and Mail. October 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Liberals+remain+divided+after+Trudeau%27s+call+for+%27humanitarian+pauses%27+in+Israel-Hamas+war&rft.date=2023-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-liberals-caucus-israel-hamas-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2023/12/12/joint-statement-prime-ministers-australia-canada-and-new-zealand">"Joint Statement by the Prime Ministers of Australia, Canada and New Zealand"</a>. Prime Minister of Canada. December 12, 2023. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prime+Minister+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Joint+Statement+by+the+Prime+Ministers+of+Australia%2C+Canada+and+New+Zealand&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pm.gc.ca%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fstatements%2F2023%2F12%2F12%2Fjoint-statement-prime-ministers-australia-canada-and-new-zealand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GM_Family_Album-336"><a href="#cite_ref-GM_Family_Album_336-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnett,_Evan2015" class="citation news cs1">Annett, Evan (October 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-and-sophie-gregoire-required-reading-on-the-firstfamily/article26950165">"JUSTIN AND SOPHIE: THE FAMILY ALBUM"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151122055943/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-and-sophie-gregoire-required-reading-on-the-firstfamily/article26950165/">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2015. Retrieved November 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=JUSTIN+AND+SOPHIE%3A+THE+FAMILY+ALBUM&rft.date=2015-10-30&rft.au=Annett%2C+Evan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjustin-trudeau-and-sophie-gregoire-required-reading-on-the-firstfamily%2Farticle26950165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbc2005-337"><a href="#cite_ref-cbc2005_337-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/justin-trudeau-weds-1.554781">"Justin Trudeau weds"</a>. CBC News. May 30, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523050836/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2005/05/28/trudeau-nuptials050528.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2013. Retrieved August 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+weds&rft.date=2005-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fjustin-trudeau-weds-1.554781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/02/28/justin-trudeau-sophie-gregoire-baby_n_4858959.html">"Justin Trudeau's A Dad.. Again"</a>. HuffPost Canada. February 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost+Canada&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau%27s+A+Dad..+Again&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.ca%2F2014%2F02%2F28%2Fjustin-trudeau-sophie-gregoire-baby_n_4858959.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2013_Move-339">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2013_Move_339-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2013_Move_339-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGregor2013" class="citation news cs1">McGregor, Glen (August 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-moves-family-to-his-childhood-stomping-grounds-in-ottawa">"Justin Trudeau moves family to his childhood stomping grounds in Ottawa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160105040314/http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/justin-trudeau-moves-family-to-his-childhood-stomping-grounds-in-ottawa">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+moves+family+to+his+childhood+stomping+grounds+in+Ottawa&rft.date=2013-08-09&rft.aulast=McGregor&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjustin-trudeau-moves-family-to-his-childhood-stomping-grounds-in-ottawa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/break-in-at-justin-trudeaus-home-the-latest-in-long-line-of-security-breaches-involving-canadian-politicians">"Break-in at Justin Trudeau's home the latest in long-line of security breaches involving Canadian politicians"</a>. National Post. August 18, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Break-in+at+Justin+Trudeau%27s+home+the+latest+in+long-line+of+security+breaches+involving+Canadian+politicians&rft.date=2014-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fbreak-in-at-justin-trudeaus-home-the-latest-in-long-line-of-security-breaches-involving-canadian-politicians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rideau_Cottage-341"><a href="#cite_ref-Rideau_Cottage_341-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/2015/10/26/justin-trudeau-and-family-to-live-in-rideau-cottage-not-24-sussex">"Justin Trudeau and family to live in Rideau Cottage, not 24 Sussex"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Sun" title="Ottawa Sun">Ottawa Sun</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. October 26, 2015. Retrieved November 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Sun&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+and+family+to+live+in+Rideau+Cottage%2C+not+24+Sussex&rft.date=2015-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2015%2F10%2F26%2Fjustin-trudeau-and-family-to-live-in-rideau-cottage-not-24-sussex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoutilier2023" class="citation news cs1">Boutilier, Alex (August 2, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/9872372/justin-trudeau-separation-sophie-gregoire-trudeau/">"Justin Trudeau and Sophie Gregoire Trudeau announce separation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a>. Retrieved August 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+and+Sophie+Gregoire+Trudeau+announce+separation&rft.date=2023-08-02&rft.aulast=Boutilier&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F9872372%2Fjustin-trudeau-separation-sophie-gregoire-trudeau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-pm-trudeau-says-focusing-kids-future-after-separation-wife-2023-08-21/">"Canada PM Trudeau says focusing on kids and future after separation from wife"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. August 21, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Canada+PM+Trudeau+says+focusing+on+kids+and+future+after+separation+from+wife&rft.date=2023-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fcanada-pm-trudeau-says-focusing-kids-future-after-separation-wife-2023-08-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Memoir-344"><a href="#cite_ref-Memoir_344-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMas2014" class="citation news cs1">Mas, Susana (October 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-memoir-7-surprising-revelations-from-common-ground-1.2805502">"Justin Trudeau memoir: 7 surprising revelations from Common Ground"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151022182156/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-memoir-7-surprising-revelations-from-common-ground-1.2805502">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+memoir%3A+7+surprising+revelations+from+Common+Ground&rft.date=2014-10-20&rft.aulast=Mas&rft.aufirst=Susana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjustin-trudeau-memoir-7-surprising-revelations-from-common-ground-1.2805502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerfler2012" class="citation book cs1">Derfler, Leslie (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x8c1F0yMcqQC&pg=PA185">Political Resurrection in the Twentieth Century: The Fall and Rise of Political Leaders</a>. Springer. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137027863" title="Special:BookSources/9781137027863"><bdi>9781137027863</bdi></a>. Retrieved December 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Resurrection+in+the+Twentieth+Century%3A+The+Fall+and+Rise+of+Political+Leaders&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781137027863&rft.aulast=Derfler&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx8c1F0yMcqQC%26pg%3DPA185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Longhurst-346">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Longhurst_346-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Longhurst_346-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Longhurst_346-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonghurst" class="citation news cs1">Longhurst, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/life/faith/pms-faith-has-evolved-with-age-348375211.html">"PM's faith has evolved with age – Trudeau's beliefs in social justice, abortion rights attract some, alienate others"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Free_Press" title="Winnipeg Free Press">Winnipeg Free Press</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151124123301/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/life/faith/pms-faith-has-evolved-with-age-348375211.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2015. Retrieved November 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=PM%27s+faith+has+evolved+with+age+%E2%80%93+Trudeau%27s+beliefs+in+social+justice%2C+abortion+rights+attract+some%2C+alienate+others&rft.aulast=Longhurst&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Farts-and-life%2Flife%2Ffaith%2Fpms-faith-has-evolved-with-age-348375211.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-upset-tory-mp-questioned-his-faith-1.1017541">"Justin Trudeau upset Tory MP questioned his faith"</a>. CBC News. November 3, 2011. Retrieved December 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+upset+Tory+MP+questioned+his+faith&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjustin-trudeau-upset-tory-mp-questioned-his-faith-1.1017541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Office_of_the_Secretary_to_the_Governor2018" class="citation web cs1">The Office of the Secretary to the Governor (June 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gg.ca/honour.aspx?id=1298&t=13&ln=Trudeau">"The Diamond Jubilee Medal awarded to Justin Trudeau, M.P."</a> Website of the Governor General of Canada.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Website+of+the+Governor+General+of+Canada&rft.atitle=The+Diamond+Jubilee+Medal+awarded+to+Justin+Trudeau%2C+M.P.&rft.date=2018-06-11&rft.au=The+Office+of+the+Secretary+to+the+Governor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgg.ca%2Fhonour.aspx%3Fid%3D1298%26t%3D13%26ln%3DTrudeau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=17300#comp">"Profile"</a>. lop.parl.ca.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lop.parl.ca&rft.atitle=Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flop.parl.ca%2Fsites%2FParlInfo%2Fdefault%2Fen_CA%2FPeople%2FProfile%3FpersonId%3D17300%23comp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2017/canadian-pm-trudeau-receives-honorary-degree">"Canadian PM Justin Trudeau receives honorary degree"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved July 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Canadian+PM+Justin+Trudeau+receives+honorary+degree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F2017%2Fcanadian-pm-trudeau-receives-honorary-degree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlobal_News2017" class="citation cs2">Global News (July 5, 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veMI-Xw0ji8">Justin Trudeau receives honourary [sic] degree from University of Edinburgh</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/veMI-Xw0ji8">archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021, retrieved July 6, 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justin+Trudeau+receives+honourary+%5Bsic%5D+degree+from+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2017-07-05&rft.au=Global+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DveMI-Xw0ji8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCBC_News2018" class="citation cs2">CBC News (May 16, 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vs6jok1vplA">Justin Trudeau's full commencement speech to NYU graduates</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Vs6jok1vplA">archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021, retrieved July 6, 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justin+Trudeau%27s+full+commencement+speech+to+NYU+graduates&rft.date=2018-05-16&rft.au=CBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DVs6jok1vplA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyu.edu/life/events-traditions/commencement/all-university-commencement/honorary-degrees-speakers.html">"2018 Honorees, Honorary Degrees & Speakers"</a>. www.nyu.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nyu.edu&rft.atitle=2018+Honorees%2C+Honorary+Degrees+%26+Speakers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyu.edu%2Flife%2Fevents-traditions%2Fcommencement%2Fall-university-commencement%2Fhonorary-degrees-speakers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of books about prime ministers of Canada">List of books about prime ministers of Canada</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiscahie2019" class="citation journal cs1">Biscahie, Thibault (November 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/ljcs/article/id/2347/">"Beyond the Mosaic: Justin Trudeau and the Postnational Chimera"</a>. London Journal of Canadian Studies. 34 (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14324%2F111.444.ljcs.2019v34.003">10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2019v34.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2397-0928">2397-0928</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Journal+of+Canadian+Studies&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+Mosaic%3A+Justin+Trudeau+and+the+Postnational+Chimera&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2019-11-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14324%2F111.444.ljcs.2019v34.003&rft.issn=2397-0928&rft.aulast=Biscahie&rft.aufirst=Thibault&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.uclpress.co.uk%2Fljcs%2Farticle%2Fid%2F2347%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth2019" class="citation journal cs1">Bosworth, Yulia (January 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02722011.2019.1570954">"The "Bad" French of Justin Trudeau: When Language, Ideology, and Politics Collide"</a>. American Review of Canadian Studies. 49 (1): 5–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02722011.2019.1570954">10.1080/02722011.2019.1570954</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0272-2011">0272-2011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Review+of+Canadian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+%22Bad%22+French+of+Justin+Trudeau%3A+When+Language%2C+Ideology%2C+and+Politics+Collide&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-24&rft.date=2019-01-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02722011.2019.1570954&rft.issn=0272-2011&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=Yulia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F02722011.2019.1570954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkeGravelleScottoStewart2017" class="citation journal cs1">Clarke, Harold D.; Gravelle, Timothy B.; Scotto, Thomas J.; Stewart, Marianne C.; Reifler, Jason (July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1049096517000452/type/journal_article">"Like Father, Like Son: Justin Trudeau and Valence Voting in Canada's 2015 Federal Election"</a>. PS: Political Science & Politics. 50 (3): 701–707. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1049096517000452">10.1017/S1049096517000452</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10871%2F28588">10871/28588</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1049-0965">1049-0965</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PS%3A+Political+Science+%26+Politics&rft.atitle=Like+Father%2C+Like+Son%3A+Justin+Trudeau+and+Valence+Voting+in+Canada%27s+2015+Federal+Election&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=701-707&rft.date=2017-07&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10871%2F28588&rft.issn=1049-0965&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1049096517000452&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Harold+D.&rft.au=Gravelle%2C+Timothy+B.&rft.au=Scotto%2C+Thomas+J.&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Marianne+C.&rft.au=Reifler%2C+Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS1049096517000452%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoulon2019" class="citation book cs1">Coulon, Jocelyn (May 27, 2019). Canada is Not Back: How Justin Trudeau is in over his head on foreign policy. Translated by Tombs, George. Lorimer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4594-1334-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4594-1334-4"><bdi>978-1-4594-1334-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada+is+Not+Back%3A+How+Justin+Trudeau+is+in+over+his+head+on+foreign+policy&rft.pub=Lorimer&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft.isbn=978-1-4594-1334-4&rft.aulast=Coulon&rft.aufirst=Jocelyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngler2020" class="citation book cs1">Engler, Yves (2020). House of mirrors: Justin Trudeau's foreign policy. Montreal Chicago London: Black Rose Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55164-749-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55164-749-4"><bdi>978-1-55164-749-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=House+of+mirrors%3A+Justin+Trudeau%27s+foreign+policy&rft.place=Montreal+Chicago+London&rft.pub=Black+Rose+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-55164-749-4&rft.aulast=Engler&rft.aufirst=Yves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindlay2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Findlay, Tammy (March 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utpjournals.press/doi/10.3138/ijcs.60.x.40">"Intersectionalities of Opportunism: Justin Trudeau and the Politics of "Diversity""</a>. International Journal of Canadian Studies (in French). 60: 40–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fijcs.60.x.40">10.3138/ijcs.60.x.40</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1180-3991">1180-3991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Canadian+Studies&rft.atitle=Intersectionalities+of+Opportunism%3A+Justin+Trudeau+and+the+Politics+of+%22Diversity%22&rft.volume=60&rft.pages=40-59&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fijcs.60.x.40&rft.issn=1180-3991&rft.aulast=Findlay&rft.aufirst=Tammy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futpjournals.press%2Fdoi%2F10.3138%2Fijcs.60.x.40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillmerLagassé2018" class="citation book cs1">Hillmer, Norman; Lagassé, Philippe, eds. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-73860-4">Justin Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy</a>. Canada and International Affairs. Cham: Springer International Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-73860-4">10.1007/978-3-319-73860-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-73859-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-73859-8"><bdi>978-3-319-73859-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justin+Trudeau+and+Canadian+Foreign+Policy&rft.place=Cham&rft.series=Canada+and+International+Affairs&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-73860-4&rft.isbn=978-3-319-73859-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-73860-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasztenna2022" class="citation journal cs1">Kasztenna, Katarzyna (Kasia) (November 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wally.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/default/article/view/14">"Framing the pandemic in the political discourse of Justin Trudeau and Donald Trump: A reconnaissance"</a>. Working Papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York. 2: 29–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25071%2F2564-2855.14">10.25071/2564-2855.14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2564-2855">2564-2855</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ORCID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ORCID (identifier)">ORCID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-8467">0000-0003-2887-8467</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Working+Papers+in+Applied+Linguistics+and+Linguistics+at+York&rft.atitle=Framing+the+pandemic+in+the+political+discourse+of+Justin+Trudeau+and+Donald+Trump%3A+A+reconnaissance&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=29-50&rft.date=2022-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.25071%2F2564-2855.14&rft.issn=2564-2855&rft.aulast=Kasztenna&rft.aufirst=Katarzyna+%28Kasia%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwally.journals.yorku.ca%2Findex.php%2Fdefault%2Farticle%2Fview%2F14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLalancetteRaynauld2019" class="citation journal cs1">Lalancette, Mireille; Raynauld, Vincent (June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764217744838">"The Power of Political Image: Justin Trudeau, Instagram, and Celebrity Politics"</a>. American Behavioral Scientist. 63 (7): 888–924. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0002764217744838">10.1177/0002764217744838</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7642">0002-7642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Behavioral+Scientist&rft.atitle=The+Power+of+Political+Image%3A+Justin+Trudeau%2C+Instagram%2C+and+Celebrity+Politics&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=888-924&rft.date=2019-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0002764217744838&rft.issn=0002-7642&rft.aulast=Lalancette&rft.aufirst=Mireille&rft.au=Raynauld%2C+Vincent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0002764217744838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLalancetteSmall2020" class="citation journal cs1">Lalancette, Mireille; Small, Tamara A. (July 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22230%2Fcjc.2020v45n2a3445">""Justin Trudeau—I Don't Know Her": An Analysis of Leadership Memes of Justin Trudeau"</a>. Canadian Journal of Communication. 45 (2): 305–325. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22230%2Fcjc.2020v45n2a3445">10.22230/cjc.2020v45n2a3445</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0705-3657">0705-3657</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Communication&rft.atitle=%22Justin+Trudeau%E2%80%94I+Don%27t+Know+Her%22%3A+An+Analysis+of+Leadership+Memes+of+Justin+Trudeau&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=305-325&rft.date=2020-07-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22230%2Fcjc.2020v45n2a3445&rft.issn=0705-3657&rft.aulast=Lalancette&rft.aufirst=Mireille&rft.au=Small%2C+Tamara+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.22230%252Fcjc.2020v45n2a3445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLees-MarshmentMalik2023" class="citation book cs1">Lees-Marshment, Jennifer; Malik, Salma (2023). Gillies, Jamie; Raynauld, Vincent; Turcotte, André (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-34404-6_2">Political Branding in a Crisis and the Shifting Strategies of the Trudeau 2021 Campaign</a>. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 9–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-031-34404-6_2">10.1007/978-3-031-34404-6_2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-34403-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-34403-9"><bdi>978-3-031-34403-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Branding+in+a+Crisis+and+the+Shifting+Strategies+of+the+Trudeau+2021+Campaign&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=9-23&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-031-34404-6_2&rft.isbn=978-3-031-34403-9&rft.aulast=Lees-Marshment&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Malik%2C+Salma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2F978-3-031-34404-6_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLim2020" class="citation journal cs1">Lim, Preston (January 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11926422.2019.1641118">"Sino-Canadian relations in the age of Justin Trudeau"</a>. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal. 26 (1): 25–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F11926422.2019.1641118">10.1080/11926422.2019.1641118</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1192-6422">1192-6422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Foreign+Policy+Journal&rft.atitle=Sino-Canadian+relations+in+the+age+of+Justin+Trudeau&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=25-40&rft.date=2020-01-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F11926422.2019.1641118&rft.issn=1192-6422&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Preston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F11926422.2019.1641118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarland2018" class="citation journal cs1">Marland, Alex (May 4, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11926422.2018.1461665">"The brand image of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in international context"</a>. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal. 24 (2): 139–144. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F11926422.2018.1461665">10.1080/11926422.2018.1461665</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1192-6422">1192-6422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Foreign+Policy+Journal&rft.atitle=The+brand+image+of+Canadian+Prime+Minister+Justin+Trudeau+in+international+context&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=139-144&rft.date=2018-05-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F11926422.2018.1461665&rft.issn=1192-6422&rft.aulast=Marland&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F11926422.2018.1461665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRemillardBertrandFisher2019" class="citation book cs1">Remillard, Chaseten; Bertrand, Lindsey M.; Fisher, Alina (December 9, 2019). Davis, Richard; Taras, David (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429880339/chapters/10.4324/9780429466007-5">The Visually Viral Prime Minister</a> (1 ed.). Routledge. pp. 63–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780429466007-5">10.4324/9780429466007-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-46600-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-46600-7"><bdi>978-0-429-46600-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Visually+Viral+Prime+Minister&rft.pages=63-75&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019-12-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780429466007-5&rft.isbn=978-0-429-46600-7&rft.aulast=Remillard&rft.aufirst=Chaseten&rft.au=Bertrand%2C+Lindsey+M.&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Alina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2F9780429880339%2Fchapters%2F10.4324%2F9780429466007-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWherry2019" class="citation book cs1">Wherry, Aaron (2019). Promise and peril: Justin Trudeau in power (1 ed.). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4434-5827-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4434-5827-6"><bdi>978-1-4434-5827-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Promise+and+peril%3A+Justin+Trudeau+in+power&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Ontario%2C+Canada&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers+Ltd&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4434-5827-6&rft.aulast=Wherry&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2016" class="citation book cs1">Young, Huguette (July 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S6vrCgAAQBAJ">Justin Trudeau: The Natural Heir</a>. Dundurn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-3573-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-3573-6"><bdi>978-1-4597-3573-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justin+Trudeau%3A+The+Natural+Heir&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2016-07-23&rft.isbn=978-1-4597-3573-6&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Huguette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS6vrCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Trudeau" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header">Listen to this article (34 minutes)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="2070" data-mwtitle="Justin_Trudeau_Recorded_by_Viktor_O_Ledenyov.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Justin_Trudeau_Recorded_by_Viktor_O_Ledenyov.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/Justin_Trudeau_Recorded_by_Viktor_O_Ledenyov.ogg/Justin_Trudeau_Recorded_by_Viktor_O_Ledenyov.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau_Recorded_by_Viktor_O_Ledenyov.ogg" title="File:Justin Trudeau Recorded by Viktor O Ledenyov.ogg">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 22 February 2016 (2016-02-22), and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right mw-collapsible mw-collapsed sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow" style="clear: both"> Justin Trudeau at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Justin_Trudeau" class="extiw" title="c:category:Justin Trudeau">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/category:Justin_Trudeau" class="extiw" title="n:category:Justin Trudeau">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" class="extiw" title="q:Justin Trudeau">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099714" class="extiw" title="d:Q3099714">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pm.gc.ca/">Official website</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=17300">Justin Trudeau – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Justin_Trudeau" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Justin_Trudeau" title="Template:Justin Trudeau"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Justin_Trudeau" title="Template talk:Justin Trudeau"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Justin_Trudeau" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Justin Trudeau"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Justin_Trudeau" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Justin Trudeau</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">23rd</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Papineau_(electoral_district)" title="Papineau (electoral district)">Papineau</a> (2008–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Justin_Trudeau" title="Premiership of Justin Trudeau">Premiership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cabinet: <a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">29th Canadian Ministry</a></li> <li>Parliament: <a href="/wiki/42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="42nd Canadian Parliament">42nd Canadian Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/43rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="43rd Canadian Parliament">43rd Canadian Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/44th_Canadian_Parliament" title="44th Canadian Parliament">44th Canadian Parliament</a></li> <li>Party: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Justin_Trudeau_government" title="Foreign policy of the Justin Trudeau government">Foreign policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Justin_Trudeau" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Justin Trudeau">international trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_Justin_Trudeau_government" title="Domestic policy of the Justin Trudeau government">Domestic policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2016 Canadian federal budget">2016 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2017 Canadian federal budget">2017 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2018 Canadian federal budget">2018 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2019 Canadian federal budget">2019 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2021 Canadian federal budget">2021 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2022 Canadian federal budget">2022 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2023 Canadian federal budget">2023 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2024 Canadian federal budget">2024 budget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Justin_Trudeau" title="Electoral history of Justin Trudeau">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 federal election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trudeau_family" title="Trudeau family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Gr%C3%A9goire_Trudeau" title="Sophie Grégoire Trudeau">Sophie Grégoire</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> (father, 15th Prime Minister of Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Trudeau" title="Margaret Trudeau">Margaret Sinclair</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Trudeau" title="Alexandre Trudeau">Alexandre Trudeau</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Trudeau" title="Michel Trudeau">Michel Trudeau</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-%C3%89mile_Trudeau" title="Charles-Émile Trudeau">Charles-Émile Trudeau</a> (paternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sinclair_(politician)" title="James Sinclair (politician)">James Sinclair</a> (maternal grandfather)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2013 Liberal Party leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trudeaumania" title="Trudeaumania">Trudeaumania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbowgate" title="Elbowgate">Elbowgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNC-Lavalin_affair" title="SNC-Lavalin affair">SNC-Lavalin affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WE_Charity_scandal" title="WE Charity scandal">WE Charity scandal</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Speaking_Moistly" title="Speaking Moistly">Speaking Moistly</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest" title="Canada convoy protest">Convoy protest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Barbot" title="Vivian Barbot">Vivian Barbot</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Papineau_(electoral_district)" title="Papineau (electoral district)">Papineau</a> 2008–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a> Interim</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Leader of the Liberal Party</a> 2013–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a> 2015–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Paolo Gentiloni</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eight" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Eight">Chair of the Group of Seven</a> 2018 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Members of the Royal Family</a> (other than the King) When in Canada</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_order_of_precedence" title="Canadian order of precedence">Order of Precedence of Canada</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner_(judge)" title="Richard Wagner (judge)">Richard Wagner</a></div>as <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Canada" title="Chief Justice of Canada">Chief Justice</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Simon" title="Mary Simon">Mary Simon</a></div>as <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="Template:Prime ministers of Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime ministers of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (politician)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Abbott" title="John Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparrow_David_Thompson" title="John Sparrow David Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Laurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">P. E. Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">P. E. Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Mulroney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Trudeau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="Category:Prime ministers of Canada">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_ministers_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_ministers_of_Canada" title="Template:First ministers of Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_ministers_of_Canada" title="Template talk:First ministers of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_ministers_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First ministers of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_ministers_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">First ministers of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Justin Trudeau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Alberta" title="Premier of Alberta">AB</a>: <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Smith" title="Danielle Smith">Danielle Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Conservative_Party" title="United Conservative Party">UCP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_British_Columbia" title="Premier of British Columbia">BC</a>: <a href="/wiki/David_Eby" title="David Eby">David Eby</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_New_Democratic_Party" title="British Columbia New Democratic Party">NDP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Manitoba" title="Premier of Manitoba">MB</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wab_Kinew" title="Wab Kinew">Wab Kinew</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Manitoba" title="New Democratic Party of Manitoba">NDP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_Brunswick" title="Premier of New Brunswick">NB</a>: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Holt" title="Susan Holt">Susan Holt</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Liberal_Association" title="New Brunswick Liberal Association">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Furey" title="Andrew Furey">Andrew Furey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Premier of Nova Scotia">NS</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Houston" title="Tim Houston">Tim Houston</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia">PC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">ON</a>: <a href="/wiki/Doug_Ford" title="Doug Ford">Doug Ford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">PC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Premier of Prince Edward Island">PE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_King_(politician)" title="Dennis King (politician)">Dennis King</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island">PC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Quebec" title="Premier of Quebec">QC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Legault" title="François Legault">François Legault</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Avenir Quebec">CAQ</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Saskatchewan" title="Premier of Saskatchewan">SK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Moe" title="Scott Moe">Scott Moe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Party" title="Saskatchewan Party">Saskatchewan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Premier of the Northwest Territories">NT</a>: <a href="/wiki/R.J._Simpson" title="R.J. Simpson">R.J. Simpson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Non-partisan_democracy" title="Non-partisan democracy">Non-partisan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Nunavut" title="Premier of Nunavut">NU</a>: <a href="/wiki/P.J._Akeeagok" title="P.J. Akeeagok">P.J. Akeeagok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Non-partisan_democracy" title="Non-partisan democracy">Non-partisan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Yukon" title="Premier of Yukon">YT</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ranj_Pillai" title="Ranj Pillai">Ranj Pillai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yukon_Liberal_Party" title="Yukon Liberal Party">Liberal</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liberal_Party_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Template:Liberal Party of Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Template talk:Liberal Party of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal Party of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liberal_Party_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliated parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Liberal_Association" title="New Brunswick Liberal Association">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Liberal_Party" title="Nova Scotia Liberal Party">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_Liberal_Party" title="Prince Edward Island Liberal Party">Prince Edward Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Liberal_Party" title="Alberta Liberal Party">Alberta</a> (1905–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BC_United" title="BC United">British Columbia</a> (1903–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Liberal_Party" title="Manitoba Liberal Party">Manitoba</a> (1870–WW1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_Territories_Liberal_Party" title="North-West Territories Liberal Party">North-West Territories</a> (1898–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Ontario</a> (1867–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Liberal_Party" title="Quebec Liberal Party">Quebec</a> (1867–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Liberal Party">Saskatchewan</a> (1905–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_Liberal_Party" title="Yukon Liberal Party">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg/50px-Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg/75px-Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg/100px-Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="325" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown_(Canadian_politician)" title="George Brown (Canadian politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (politician)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Blake" title="Edward Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Laurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Duncan_McKenzie" title="Daniel Duncan McKenzie">McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">P. E. Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(Canadian_politician)" title="Bill Graham (Canadian politician)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff">Ignatieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Rae</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Trudeau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deputy Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Copps" title="Sheila Copps">Copps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Gray" title="Herb Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Manley" title="John Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_McLellan" title="Anne McLellan">McLellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Robillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff">Ignatieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Goodale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_elections" title="Liberal Party of Canada leadership elections">Leadership elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1948 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1958 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1968</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/1980_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1980 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1980</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1984 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1990 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2003 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2009 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Canadian_Ministry" title="2nd Canadian Ministry">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Canadian_Ministry" title="8th Canadian Ministry">Laurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Canadian_Ministry" title="12th Canadian Ministry">King I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Canadian_Ministry" title="14th Canadian Ministry">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Canadian_Ministry" title="16th Canadian Ministry">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Canadian_Ministry" title="17th Canadian Ministry">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Canadian_Ministry" title="19th Canadian Ministry">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Canadian_Ministry" title="20th Canadian Ministry">P. E. Trudeau I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Canadian_Ministry" title="22nd Canadian Ministry">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Canadian_Ministry" title="23rd Canadian Ministry">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Canadian_Ministry" title="26th Canadian Ministry">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Canadian_Ministry" title="27th Canadian Ministry">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">J. Trudeau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shadow cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_39th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 39th Parliament of Canada">Graham/Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_40th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 40th Parliament of Canada">Dion/Ignatieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_41st_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Parliament of Canada">Rae/Trudeau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary election candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1867_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1867 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1867</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1878_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1878 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1887_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1887 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1891_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1891 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1896_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1896 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1900_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1900 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1904_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1904 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1908_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1908 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1911_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1911 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1917_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1917 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1921_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1921 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1925_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1925 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1926_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1926 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1930_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1930 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1935_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1935 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1940_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1940 Canadian federal election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1945_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1945 Canadian federal election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1949_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1949 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1957_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1957 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1958_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1958 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1962_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1962 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1963_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1963 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1965_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1965 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1968_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1968 Canadian federal election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1972_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1972 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1974_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1974 Canadian federal election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1979 Canadian federal election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1980 Canadian federal election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1984 Canadian federal election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2021 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="History of the Liberal Party of Canada">Predecessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="History of the Liberal Party of Canada">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Grits" title="Clear Grits">Clear Grits</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1850–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_canadien_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Institut canadien de Montréal">Institut canadien de Montréal</a> (1844–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_canadien" title="Parti canadien">Parti canadien</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1800–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_rouge" title="Parti rouge">Parti rouge</a> (1848–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_movement_(pre-Confederation_Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement (pre-Confederation Canada)">Reformers</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1830–54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_parties_in_pre-confederation_Newfoundland" title="Liberal parties in pre-confederation Newfoundland">in Newfoundland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Protectionist" title="Liberal Protectionist">Liberal Protectionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal-Progressive" title="Liberal-Progressive">Liberal-Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal%E2%80%93Labour_(Canada)" title="Liberal–Labour (Canada)">Liberal–Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurier_Liberals" title="Laurier Liberals">Laurier Liberals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal%E2%80%93Unionist" title="Liberal–Unionist">Liberal–Unionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Progressive" class="mw-redirect" title="National Liberal Progressive">National Liberal Progressive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electoral_history_of_Justin_Trudeau" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Electoral_history_of_Justin_Trudeau" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Justin_Trudeau" title="Electoral history of Justin Trudeau">Electoral history of Justin Trudeau</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2021_Canadian_federal_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_federal_election,_2021A" title="Template:Canadian federal election, 2021A"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_federal_election,_2021A" title="Template talk:Canadian federal election, 2021A"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_federal_election,_2021A" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian federal election, 2021A"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2021_Canadian_federal_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 Canadian federal election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Outgoing: <a href="/wiki/43rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="43rd Canadian Parliament">Liberal minority</a></li> <li>Result: <a href="/wiki/44th_Canadian_Parliament" title="44th Canadian Parliament">Liberal minority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2021 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annamie_Paul" title="Annamie Paul">Annamie Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Justin Trudeau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent candidates in the 2021 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">Independent candidates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="Results breakdown of the 2021 Canadian federal election">Results breakdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election_by_riding" title="Results of the 2021 Canadian federal election by riding">Results by riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election#Endorsements" title="2021 Canadian federal election">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_stood_down_at_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of MPs who stood down at the 2021 Canadian federal election">MPs who stood down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_lost_their_seat_in_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2021 Canadian federal election">MPs who lost their seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2021 Canadian federal election">Opinion polling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election_by_constituency" title="Opinion polling for the 2021 Canadian federal election by constituency">by constituency</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2019_Canadian_federal_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_federal_election,_2019A" title="Template:Canadian federal election, 2019A"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_federal_election,_2019A" title="Template talk:Canadian federal election, 2019A"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_federal_election,_2019A" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian federal election, 2019A"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2019_Canadian_federal_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 Canadian federal election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Outgoing: <a href="/wiki/42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="42nd Canadian Parliament">Liberal majority</a></li> <li>Result: <a href="/wiki/43rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="43rd Canadian Parliament">Liberal minority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Party of Canada candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Justin Trudeau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">Independent candidates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Results of the 2019 Canadian federal election">Results overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election_by_riding" title="Results of the 2019 Canadian federal election by riding">Results by riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="2019 Canadian federal election in Newfoundland and Labrador">Results in Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_MPs_who_stood_down_at_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of MPs who stood down at the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">MPs who stood down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_lost_their_seat_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2019 Canadian federal election">MPs who lost their seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2019 Canadian federal election">Newspaper endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endorsements_from_individuals_and_organizations_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endorsements from individuals and organizations in the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">Other endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election">Opinion polling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election,_by_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election, by constituency">by constituency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2019 Canadian federal election">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2015_Canadian_federal_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_federal_election,_2015A" title="Template:Canadian federal election, 2015A"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_federal_election,_2015A" title="Template talk:Canadian federal election, 2015A"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_federal_election,_2015A" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian federal election, 2015A"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2015_Canadian_federal_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 Canadian federal election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Outgoing: <a href="/wiki/41st_Canadian_Parliament" title="41st Canadian Parliament">Conservative majority</a></li> <li>Result: <a href="/wiki/42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="42nd Canadian Parliament">Liberal majority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a> <ul><li>Rod Taylor, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Conservative Party of Canada candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Justin Trudeau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_in_Democracy" title="Strength in Democracy">Strength in Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fortin_(politician)" title="Jean-François Fortin (politician)">Jean-François Fortin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strength_in_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Strength in Democracy candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li></ul> Bold indicates parties with members elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>. </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Results of the 2015 Canadian federal election">Results overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election_by_riding" title="Results of the 2015 Canadian federal election by riding">Results by riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_stood_down_at_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="List of MPs who stood down at the 2015 Canadian federal election">MPs who stood down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_lost_their_seat_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2015 Canadian federal election">MPs who lost their seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2015 Canadian federal election">Newspaper endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_from_individuals_and_organizations_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Endorsements from individuals and organizations in the 2015 Canadian federal election">Other endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election">Opinion polling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election_by_constituency" title="Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election by constituency">by constituency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Timeline of the 2015 Canadian federal election">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pierre_Trudeau" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pierre_Trudeau" title="Template:Pierre Trudeau"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pierre_Trudeau" title="Template talk:Pierre Trudeau"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pierre_Trudeau" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pierre Trudeau"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pierre_Trudeau" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000 <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">15th</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a> (1968–1979, 1980–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada</a> (1968–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_(electoral_district)" title="Mount Royal (electoral district)">Mount Royal</a> (1965–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition</a> (1979–1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Pierre_Trudeau" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiership of Pierre Trudeau">Premiership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cabinet: <a href="/wiki/20th_Canadian_Ministry" title="20th Canadian Ministry">20th Canadian Ministry</a>, <a href="/wiki/22nd_Canadian_Ministry" title="22nd Canadian Ministry">22nd Canadian Ministry</a></li> <li>Parliament: <a href="/wiki/28th_Canadian_Parliament" title="28th Canadian Parliament">28th Canadian Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Parliament" title="29th Canadian Parliament">29th Canadian Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/30th_Canadian_Parliament" title="30th Canadian Parliament">30th Canadian Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/32nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="32nd Canadian Parliament">32nd Canadian Parliament</a></li> <li>Party: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Law_Amendment_Act,_1968%E2%80%9369" title="Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968–69">Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968–69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trudeauism" title="Trudeauism">Trudeauism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trudeaumania" title="Trudeaumania">Trudeaumania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuddle_duddle" title="Fuddle duddle">Fuddle duddle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_society" title="Just society">Just society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_bilingualism_in_Canada" title="Official bilingualism in Canada">Official bilingualism in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro-Canada" title="Petro-Canada">Petro-Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Program" title="National Energy Program">National Energy Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1982" title="Constitution Act, 1982">Constitution Act, 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Investment_Review_Agency" title="Foreign Investment Review Agency">Foreign Investment Review Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Crisis" title="October Crisis">October Crisis</a>/<a href="/wiki/War_Measures_Act" title="War Measures Act">War Measures Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Just_watch_me" title="Just watch me">"Just watch me"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Canada" title="Multiculturalism in Canada">Multiculturalism in Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Canadian_federal_election" title="1968 Canadian federal election">1968 federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Canadian_federal_election" title="1972 Canadian federal election">1972 federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Canadian_federal_election" title="1974 Canadian federal election">1974 federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="1979 Canadian federal election">1979 federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">1980 federal election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Charpentier" title="Jean Charpentier">Jean Charpentier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Johnson_(lawyer)" title="Edward Johnson (lawyer)">Edward Johnson (lawyer)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_Libre" title="Cité Libre">Cité Libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Pierre_Trudeau" title="Death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trudeau_family" title="Trudeau family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Trudeau" title="Margaret Trudeau">Margaret Sinclair</a> (wife)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Justin Trudeau</a> (son, 23rd Prime Minister of Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Trudeau" title="Alexandre Trudeau">Alexandre Trudeau</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Trudeau" title="Michel Trudeau">Michel Trudeau</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-%C3%89mile_Trudeau" title="Charles-Émile Trudeau">Charles-Émile Trudeau</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Coyne" title="Deborah Coyne">Deborah Coyne</a> (partner)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_Foundation" title="Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation">Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Champions_(miniseries)" title="The Champions (miniseries)">The Champions (1978 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_Watch_Me:_Trudeau_and_the_%2770s_Generation" title="Just Watch Me: Trudeau and the '70s Generation">Just Watch Me: Trudeau and the '70s Generation (1999 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trudeau_(film)" title="Trudeau (film)">Trudeau (2002 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Trudeau" title="Young Trudeau">Young Trudeau (2006 book)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_Prime_Minister_Justin_Trudeau_(2015–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Justin_Trudeau_Ministry" title="Template:Justin Trudeau Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Justin_Trudeau_Ministry" title="Template talk:Justin Trudeau Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Justin_Trudeau_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Justin Trudeau Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_Prime_Minister_Justin_Trudeau_(2015–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Justin Trudeau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Justin_Trudeau" title="Premiership of Justin Trudeau">2015–present</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Justin Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anita Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Anandasangaree" title="Gary Anandasangaree">Gary Anandasangaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Beech" title="Terry Beech">Terry Beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Claude_Bibeau" title="Marie-Claude Bibeau">Marie-Claude Bibeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Blair_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Blair (politician)">Bill Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">François-Philippe Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Jean-Yves Duclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Fraser_(politician)" title="Sean Fraser (politician)">Sean Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karina_Gould" title="Karina Gould">Karina Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Guilbeault" title="Steven Guilbeault">Steven Guilbeault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Patty Hajdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Holland" title="Mark Holland">Mark Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hussen" title="Ahmed Hussen">Ahmed Hussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudie_Hutchings" title="Gudie Hutchings">Gudie Hutchings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marci_Ien" title="Marci Ien">Marci Ien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Mélanie Joly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Khera" title="Kamal Khera">Kamal Khera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_LeBlanc" title="Dominic LeBlanc">Dominic LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Lebouthillier" title="Diane Lebouthillier">Diane Lebouthillier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">Lawrence MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_MacKinnon" title="Steven MacKinnon">Steven MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soraya_Martinez_Ferrada" title="Soraya Martinez Ferrada">Soraya Martinez Ferrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Miller_(politician)" title="Marc Miller (politician)">Marc Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ng" title="Mary Ng">Mary Ng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Harjit Sajjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Ginette Petitpas Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Qualtrough" title="Carla Qualtrough">Carla Qualtrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ara_Saks" title="Ya'ara Saks">Ya'ara Saks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascale_St-Onge" title="Pascale St-Onge">Pascale St-Onge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Sudds" title="Jenna Sudds">Jenna Sudds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filomena_Tassi" title="Filomena Tassi">Filomena Tassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechie_Valdez" title="Rechie Valdez">Rechie Valdez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Vandal" title="Dan Vandal">Dan Vandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Virani" title="Arif Virani">Arif Virani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Wilkinson" title="Jonathan Wilkinson">Jonathan Wilkinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Alghabra" title="Omar Alghabra">Omar Alghabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navdeep_Bains" title="Navdeep Bains">Navdeep Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bennett" title="Carolyn Bennett">Carolyn Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Boissonnault" title="Randy Boissonnault">Randy Boissonnault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Scott Brison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Carr" title="Jim Carr">Jim Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardish_Chagger" title="Bardish Chagger">Bardish Chagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsty_Duncan" title="Kirsty Duncan">Kirsty Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Foote" title="Judy Foote">Judy Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Fortier" title="Mona Fortier">Mona Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau">Marc Garneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Ralph Goodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Hehr" title="Kent Hehr">Kent Hehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Jaczek" title="Helena Jaczek">Helena Jaczek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Jordan" title="Bernadette Jordan">Bernadette Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lametti" title="David Lametti">David Lametti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCallum" title="John McCallum">John McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_McKenna" title="Catherine McKenna">Catherine McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Mendicino" title="Marco Mendicino">Marco Mendicino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaryAnn_Mihychuk" title="MaryAnn Mihychuk">MaryAnn Mihychuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Monsef" title="Maryam Monsef">Maryam Monsef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Morneau" title="Bill Morneau">Bill Morneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Murray" title="Joyce Murray">Joyce Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">Seamus O'Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Philpott" title="Jane Philpott">Jane Philpott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Rodriguez_(Canadian_politician)" title="Pablo Rodriguez (Canadian politician)">Pablo Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deb_Schulte" title="Deb Schulte">Deb Schulte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarjeet_Sohi" title="Amarjeet Sohi">Amarjeet Sohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Tootoo" title="Hunter Tootoo">Hunter Tootoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Jody Wilson-Raybould</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canadian_Newsmaker_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Newsmaker_of_the_Year" title="Template:Canadian Newsmaker of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_Newsmaker_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Canadian Newsmaker of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_Newsmaker_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian Newsmaker of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadian_Newsmaker_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Newsmaker_of_the_Year" title="Canadian Newsmaker of the Year">Canadian Newsmaker of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Gouzenko" title="Igor Gouzenko">Igor Gouzenko</a> <ul><li>1946</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Ann_Scott" title="Barbara Ann Scott">Barbara Ann Scott</a> <ul><li>1947</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> <ul><li>1948</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">Louis St. Laurent</a> <ul><li>1949</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a> <ul><li>1950–1953</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Bell" title="Marilyn Bell">Marilyn Bell</a> <ul><li>1954</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a> <ul><li>1955–1956</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a> <ul><li>1957–1960</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Smallwood" title="Joey Smallwood">Joey Smallwood</a> <ul><li>1959</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Elliott_Coyne" title="James Elliott Coyne">James Coyne</a> <ul><li>1961</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9al_Caouette" title="Réal Caouette">Réal Caouette</a> <ul><li>1962</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a> <ul><li>1963–1964</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Rivard" title="Lucien Rivard">Lucien Rivard</a> <ul><li>1965</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a> <ul><li>1966</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a> <ul><li>1967</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> <ul><li>1968–1975</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque" title="René Lévesque">René Lévesque</a> <ul><li>1976–1977</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> <ul><li>1978</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a> <ul><li>1979</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Fox" title="Terry Fox">Terry Fox</a> <ul><li>1980–1981</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Gretzky" title="Wayne Gretzky">Wayne Gretzky</a> <ul><li>1982</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a> <ul><li>1983–1984</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Fonyo" title="Steve Fonyo">Steve Fonyo</a> <ul><li>1985</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Hansen" title="Rick Hansen">Rick Hansen</a> <ul><li>1986–1987</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Johnson_(Canadian_sprinter)" title="Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter)">Ben Johnson</a> <ul><li>1988</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Michael Wilson</a> <ul><li>1989</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Harper" title="Elijah Harper">Elijah Harper</a> <ul><li>1990</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a> <ul><li>1991</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottetown_Accord" title="Charlottetown Accord">The referendum on the Charlottetown Accord</a> <ul><li>1992</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a> <ul><li>1993</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Parizeau" title="Jacques Parizeau">Jacques Parizeau</a> <ul><li>1994</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bouchard" title="Lucien Bouchard">Lucien Bouchard</a> <ul><li>1995</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donovan_Bailey" title="Donovan Bailey">Donovan Bailey</a> <ul><li>1996</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Kennedy" title="Sheldon Kennedy">Sheldon Kennedy</a> <ul><li>1997</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a> <ul><li>1998</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> <ul><li>1999, as Newsmaker of the 20th Century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> <ul><li>2000</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a> <ul><li>2001</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a> <ul><li>2002</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a> <ul><li>2003–2004</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gomery" title="John Gomery">John Gomery</a> <ul><li>2005</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces">The Canadian Soldier</a> <ul><li>2006</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">RCMP</a> <ul><li>2007</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> <ul><li>2008–2009</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Williams_(criminal)" title="Russell Williams (criminal)">Russell Williams</a> <ul><li>2010</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a> <ul><li>2011</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jun_Lin" title="Murder of Jun Lin">Luka Magnotta</a> <ul><li>2012</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Ford" title="Rob Ford">Rob Ford</a> <ul><li>2013</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu_ramming_attack" title="2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack">Patrice Vincent</a> and <a href="/wiki/2014_shootings_at_Parliament_Hill,_Ottawa" title="2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa">Nathan Cirillo</a> <ul><li>2014</li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Justin Trudeau</a> <ul><li>2015</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gord_Downie" title="Gord Downie">Gord Downie</a> <ul><li>2016–2017</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Broncos" title="Humboldt Broncos">Humboldt Broncos</a> <ul><li>2018</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Jody Wilson-Raybould</a> <ul><li>2019</li></ul></li> <li>Front-line workers in the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li>2020</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_gravesites" title="Canadian Indian residential school gravesites">Children lost in residential schools</a> <ul><li>2021</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest" title="Canada convoy protest">Canada convoy protesters</a> <ul><li>2022</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a> <ul><li>2023</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Cabinet_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Cabinet" title="Template:Canadian Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Canadian Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Cabinet_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">Cabinet of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Anandasangaree" title="Gary Anandasangaree">Anandasangaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Beech" title="Terry Beech">Beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Claude_Bibeau" title="Marie-Claude Bibeau">Bibeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Blair_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Blair (politician)">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Duclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Fraser_(politician)" title="Sean Fraser (politician)">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Freeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karina_Gould" title="Karina Gould">Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Guilbeault" title="Steven Guilbeault">Guilbeault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Hajdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Holland" title="Mark Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hussen" title="Ahmed Hussen">Hussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudie_Hutchings" title="Gudie Hutchings">Hutchings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marci_Ien" title="Marci Ien">Ien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Joly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Khera" title="Kamal Khera">Khera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_LeBlanc" title="Dominic LeBlanc">LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Lebouthillier" title="Diane Lebouthillier">Lebouthillier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_MacKinnon" title="Steven MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soraya_Martinez_Ferrada" title="Soraya Martinez Ferrada">Martinez Ferrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Miller_(politician)" title="Marc Miller (politician)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ng" title="Mary Ng">Ng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Petitpas Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Qualtrough" title="Carla Qualtrough">Qualtrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Sajjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ara_Saks" title="Ya'ara Saks">Saks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascale_St-Onge" title="Pascale St-Onge">St-Onge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Sudds" title="Jenna Sudds">Sudds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filomena_Tassi" title="Filomena Tassi">Tassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechie_Valdez" title="Rechie Valdez">Valdez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Vandal" title="Dan Vandal">Vandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Virani" title="Arif Virani">Virani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Wilkinson" title="Jonathan Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_Canadian_House_of_Commons" title="Template:Members of the Canadian House of Commons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_Canadian_House_of_Commons" title="Template talk:Members of the Canadian House of Commons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_Canadian_House_of_Commons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the Canadian House of Commons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Presiding Officer (<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(Canada)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)">Speaker</a>): <a href="/wiki/Greg_Fergus" title="Greg Fergus">Greg Fergus</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#EA6D6A;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberal_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Template:Liberal Party of Canada MPs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberal_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Template talk:Liberal Party of Canada MPs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal Party of Canada MPs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liberal_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trudeau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Alghabra" title="Omar Alghabra">Alghabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafqat_Ali" title="Shafqat Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Anandasangaree" title="Gary Anandasangaree">Anandasangaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Arseneault" title="René Arseneault">Arseneault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Arya" title="Chandra Arya">Arya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenica_Atwin" title="Jenica Atwin">Atwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_Badawey" title="Vance Badawey">Badawey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parm_Bains" title="Parm Bains">Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvan_Baker" title="Yvan Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Battiste" title="Jaime Battiste">Battiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Beech" title="Terry Beech">Beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bendayan" title="Rachel Bendayan">Bendayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Claude_Bibeau" title="Marie-Claude Bibeau">Bibeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Bittle" title="Chris Bittle">Bittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Blair_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Blair (politician)">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kody_Blois" title="Kody Blois">Blois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Boissonnault" title="Randy Boissonnault">Boissonnault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Bradford" title="Valerie Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Bri%C3%A8re" title="Élisabeth Brière">Brière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carr_(politician)" title="Ben Carr (politician)">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Casey_(Canadian_politician)" title="Sean Casey (Canadian politician)">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardish_Chagger" title="Bardish Chagger">Chagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Chahal" title="George Chahal">Chahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Chatel" title="Sophie Chatel">Chatel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Chen_(politician)" title="Shaun Chen (politician)">Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Chiang_(politician)" title="Paul Chiang (politician)">Chiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Collins_(politician)" title="Chad Collins (politician)">C. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Cormier" title="Serge Cormier">Cormier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Coteau" title="Michael Coteau">Coteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Dabrusin" title="Julie Dabrusin">Dabrusin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pam_Damoff" title="Pam Damoff">Damoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukh_Dhaliwal" title="Sukh Dhaliwal">Dhaliwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anju_Dhillon" title="Anju Dhillon">Dhillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Diab" title="Lena Diab">Diab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drouin" title="Francis Drouin">Drouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Dubourg" title="Emmanuel Dubourg">Dubourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Duclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Duguid" title="Terry Duguid">Duguid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsty_Duncan" title="Kirsty Duncan">K. Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Dzerowicz" title="Julie Dzerowicz">Dzerowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Ehsassi" title="Ali Ehsassi">Ehsassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay%C3%A7al_El-Khoury" title="Fayçal El-Khoury">El-Khoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Erskine-Smith" title="Nathaniel Erskine-Smith">Erskine-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Fergus" title="Greg Fergus">Fergus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Fisher" title="Darren Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fonseca" title="Peter Fonseca">Fonseca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Fortier" title="Mona Fortier">Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fragiskatos" title="Peter Fragiskatos">Fragiskatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Fraser_(politician)" title="Sean Fraser (politician)">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Freeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Fry" title="Hedy Fry">Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqwinder_Gaheer" title="Iqwinder Gaheer">Gaheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Gainey" title="Anna Gainey">Gainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Gerretsen" title="Mark Gerretsen">Gerretsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karina_Gould" title="Karina Gould">Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Guilbeault" title="Steven Guilbeault">Guilbeault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Hajdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Hanley" title="Brendan Hanley">Hanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Hardie" title="Ken Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Hepfner" title="Lisa Hepfner">Hepfner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Holland" title="Mark Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Housefather" title="Anthony Housefather">Housefather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hussen" title="Ahmed Hussen">Hussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudie_Hutchings" title="Gudie Hutchings">Hutchings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Iacono" title="Angelo Iacono">Iacono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marci_Ien" title="Marci Ien">Ien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Jaczek" title="Helena Jaczek">Jaczek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Joly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Jones" title="Yvonne Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majid_Jowhari" title="Majid Jowhari">Jowhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arielle_Kayabaga" title="Arielle Kayabaga">Kayabaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Kelloway" title="Mike Kelloway">Kelloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqra_Khalid" title="Iqra Khalid">Khalid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Khera" title="Kamal Khera">Khera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Koutrakis" title="Annie Koutrakis">Koutrakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irek_Kusmierczyk" title="Irek Kusmierczyk">Kusmierczyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-France_Lalonde" title="Marie-France Lalonde">Lalonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuella_Lambropoulos" title="Emmanuella Lambropoulos">Lambropoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Lamoureux" title="Kevin Lamoureux">Lamoureux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viviane_Lapointe" title="Viviane Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Lattanzio" title="Patricia Lattanzio">Lattanzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Lauzon" title="Stéphane Lauzon">Lauzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_LeBlanc" title="Dominic LeBlanc">LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Lebouthillier" title="Diane Lebouthillier">Lebouthillier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Lightbound" title="Joël Lightbound">Lightbound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Long" title="Wayne Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Longfield" title="Lloyd Longfield">Longfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Louis_(Ontario_politician)" title="Tim Louis (Ontario politician)">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath_MacDonald" title="Heath MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_MacKinnon" title="Steven MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Maloney_(Canadian_politician)" title="James Maloney (Canadian politician)">Maloney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soraya_Martinez_Ferrada" title="Soraya Martinez Ferrada">Martinez Ferrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_May" title="Bryan May">B. May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_McDonald_(politician)" title="Ken McDonald (politician)">McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McGuinty" title="David McGuinty">McGuinty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McKay_(politician)" title="John McKay (politician)">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_McKinnon" title="Ron McKinnon">McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McLeod_(politician)" title="Michael McLeod (politician)">McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Mend%C3%A8s" title="Alexandra Mendès">Mendès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Mendicino" title="Marco Mendicino">Mendicino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Miao" title="Wilson Miao">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Miller_(politician)" title="Marc Miller (politician)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Morrissey" title="Bobby Morrissey">Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Murray" title="Joyce Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasir_Naqvi" title="Yasir Naqvi">Naqvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ng" title="Mary Ng">Ng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taleeb_Noormohamed" title="Taleeb Noormohamed">Noormohamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_O%27Connell" title="Jennifer O'Connell">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">O'Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Oliphant" title="Rob Oliphant">Oliphant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Petitpas Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Powlowski" title="Marcus Powlowski">Powlowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Qualtrough" title="Carla Qualtrough">Qualtrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Robillard" title="Yves Robillard">Robillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churence_Rogers" title="Churence Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Romanado" title="Sherry Romanado">Romanado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Rota" title="Anthony Rota">Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Sahota" title="Ruby Sahota">Sahota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Sajjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ara_Saks" title="Ya'ara Saks">Saks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrell_Samson" title="Darrell Samson">Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randeep_Sarai" title="Randeep Sarai">Sarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Scarpaleggia" title="Francis Scarpaleggia">Scarpaleggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schiefke" title="Peter Schiefke">Schiefke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Serr%C3%A9" title="Marc Serré">Serré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Sgro" title="Judy Sgro">Sgro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Shanahan_(politician)" title="Brenda Shanahan (politician)">Shanahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Sheehan" title="Terry Sheehan">Sheehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maninder_Sidhu" title="Maninder Sidhu">M. Sidhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sidhu" title="Sonia Sidhu">S. Sidhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Sorbara" title="Francesco Sorbara">Sorbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sousa" title="Charles Sousa">Sousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascale_St-Onge" title="Pascale St-Onge">St-Onge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Sudds" title="Jenna Sudds">Sudds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filomena_Tassi" title="Filomena Tassi">Tassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Taylor_Roy" title="Leah Taylor Roy">Taylor Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Thompson_(politician)" title="Joanne Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Turnbull_(politician)" title="Ryan Turnbull (politician)">Turnbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechie_Valdez" title="Rechie Valdez">Valdez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Van_Bynen" title="Tony Van Bynen">Van Bynen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_van_Koeverden" title="Adam van Koeverden">van Koeverden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Vandal" title="Dan Vandal">Vandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Vandenbeld" title="Anita Vandenbeld">Vandenbeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Virani" title="Arif Virani">Virani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Weiler" title="Patrick Weiler">Weiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Wilkinson" title="Jonathan Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Yip" title="Jean Yip">Yip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salma_Zahid" title="Salma Zahid">Zahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sameer_Zuberi" title="Sameer Zuberi">Zuberi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#6495ED;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservative_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Template:Conservative Party of Canada MPs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservative_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Template talk:Conservative Party of Canada MPs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative Party of Canada MPs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conservative_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Poilievre</a> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziad_Aboultaif" title="Ziad Aboultaif">Aboultaif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Aitchison" title="Scott Aitchison">Aitchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Albas" title="Dan Albas">Albas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Allison" title="Dean Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Arnold" title="Mel Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Baldinelli" title="Tony Baldinelli">Baldinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barlow_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Barlow (Canadian politician)">Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barrett_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Barrett (Canadian politician)">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Berthold" title="Luc Berthold">Berthold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bezan" title="James Bezan">Bezan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Block" title="Kelly Block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bragdon" title="Richard Bragdon">Bragdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brassard" title="John Brassard">Brassard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Brock" title="Larry Brock">Brock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Calkins" title="Blaine Calkins">Calkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Caputo" title="Frank Caputo">Caputo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Carrie" title="Colin Carrie">Carrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Chambers_(politician)" title="Adam Chambers (politician)">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chong" title="Michael Chong">Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cooper_(politician)" title="Michael Cooper (politician)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_d%27Entremont" title="Chris d'Entremont">d'Entremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Dalton" title="Marc Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raquel_Dancho" title="Raquel Dancho">Dancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scot_Davidson" title="Scot Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Deltell" title="Gérard Deltell">Deltell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Doherty" title="Todd Doherty">Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Dowdall" title="Terry Dowdall">Dowdall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dreeshen" title="Earl Dreeshen">Dreeshen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Duncan_(politician)" title="Eric Duncan (politician)">E. Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Ellis_(politician)" title="Stephen Ellis (politician)">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Epp" title="Dave Epp">Epp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemarie_Falk" title="Rosemarie Falk">R. Falk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Falk" title="Ted Falk">T. Falk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Fast" title="Ed Fast">Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Ferreri" title="Michelle Ferreri">Ferreri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry-Lynne_Findlay" title="Kerry-Lynne Findlay">Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Gallant" title="Cheryl Gallant">Gallant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9reux" title="Bernard Généreux">Généreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnett_Genuis" title="Garnett Genuis">Genuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Gladu" title="Marilyn Gladu">Gladu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Godin" title="Joël Godin">Godin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laila_Goodridge" title="Laila Goodridge">Goodridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gourde" title="Jacques Gourde">Gourde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Gray" title="Tracy Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasraj_Hallan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasraj Hallan">Hallan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Hoback" title="Randy Hoback">Hoback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Jeneroux" title="Matt Jeneroux">Jeneroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamil_Jivani" title="Jamil Jivani">Jivani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Kelly_(politician)" title="Pat Kelly (politician)">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arpan_Khanna" title="Arpan Khanna">Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kitchen" title="Robert Kitchen">Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kmiec" title="Tom Kmiec">Kmiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kram" title="Michael Kram">Kram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Kramp-Neuman" title="Shelby Kramp-Neuman">Kramp-Neuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_Kurek" title="Damien Kurek">Kurek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kusie" title="Stephanie Kusie">Kusie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lake_(politician)" title="Mike Lake (politician)">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Lantsman" title="Melissa Lantsman">Lantsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lawrence_(politician)" title="Philip Lawrence (politician)">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lehoux" title="Richard Lehoux">Lehoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branden_Leslie" title="Branden Leslie">Leslie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Lewis_(politician)" title="Chris Lewis (politician)">C. Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslyn_Lewis" title="Leslyn Lewis">L. Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Liepert" title="Ron Liepert">Liepert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dane_Lloyd" title="Dane Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Lobb" title="Ben Lobb">Lobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Maguire" title="Larry Maguire">Maguire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuvaloy_Majumdar" title="Shuvaloy Majumdar">Majumdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Martel" title="Richard Martel">Martel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Mazier" title="Dan Mazier">Mazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_McCauley" title="Kelly McCauley">McCauley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_McLean_(politician)" title="Greg McLean (politician)">McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Melillo" title="Eric Melillo">Melillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Moore_(politician)" title="Rob Moore (politician)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Morantz" title="Marty Morantz">Morantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Morrison_(politician)" title="Rob Morrison (politician)">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Motz" title="Glen Motz">Motz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Muys" title="Dan Muys">Muys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nater" title="John Nater">Nater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Patzer" title="Jeremy Patzer">Patzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul-Hus" title="Pierre Paul-Hus">Paul-Hus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perkins" title="Rick Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Redekopp" title="Brad Redekopp">Redekopp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Reid_(politician)" title="Scott Reid (politician)">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Rempel_Garner" title="Michelle Rempel Garner">Rempel Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Richards" title="Blake Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Roberts" title="Anna Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianne_Rood" title="Lianne Rood">Rood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Ruff" title="Alex Ruff">Ruff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Scheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Schmale" title="Jamie Schmale">Schmale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Seeback" title="Kyle Seeback">Seeback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Shields" title="Martin Shields">Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Shipley" title="Doug Shipley">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Small" title="Clifford Small">Small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Soroka" title="Gerald Soroka">Soroka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Steinley" title="Warren Steinley">Steinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Stewart_(Ontario_politician)" title="Don Stewart (Ontario politician)">D. Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Stewart_(politician)" title="Jake Stewart (politician)">J. Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Strahl" title="Mark Strahl">Strahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Stubbs" title="Shannon Stubbs">Stubbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachael_Thomas" title="Rachael Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Tochor" title="Corey Tochor">Tochor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Tolmie" title="Fraser Tolmie">Tolmie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Uppal" title="Tim Uppal">Uppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tako_van_Popta" title="Tako van Popta">van Popta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Vecchio" title="Karen Vecchio">Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Vidal" title="Gary Vidal">Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Vien" title="Dominique Vien">Vien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Viersen" title="Arnold Viersen">Viersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Vis" title="Brad Vis">Vis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathay_Wagantall" title="Cathay Wagantall">Wagantall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Warkentin" title="Chris Warkentin">Warkentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Waugh" title="Kevin Waugh">Waugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Webber" title="Len Webber">Webber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Williams_(Canadian_politician)" title="Ryan Williams (Canadian politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williamson_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Williamson (Canadian politician)">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Zimmer" title="Bob Zimmer">Zimmer</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Official_party_status" title="Official party status">Recognized parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#87CEFA;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_MPs" title="Template:Bloc Québécois MPs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_MPs" title="Template talk:Bloc Québécois MPs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_MPs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bloc Québécois MPs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bloc_Québécois" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Blanchet</a> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Barsalou-Duval" title="Xavier Barsalou-Duval">Barsalou-Duval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu" title="Mario Beaulieu">Beaulieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Bergeron" title="Stéphane Bergeron">Bergeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvie_B%C3%A9rub%C3%A9" title="Sylvie Bérubé">Bérubé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Blanchette-Joncas" title="Maxime Blanchette-Joncas">Blanchette-Joncas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Brunelle-Duceppe" title="Alexis Brunelle-Duceppe">Brunelle-Duceppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Chabot" title="Louise Chabot">Chabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Champoux" title="Martin Champoux">Champoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_DeBellefeuille" title="Claude DeBellefeuille">DeBellefeuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Desbiens" title="Caroline Desbiens">Desbiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Desilets" title="Luc Desilets">Desilets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin" title="Rhéal Fortin">Fortin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Denis_Garon" title="Jean-Denis Garon">Garon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Gaudreau" title="Marie-Hélène Gaudreau">Gaudreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maril%C3%A8ne_Gill" title="Marilène Gill">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9anne_Larouche" title="Andréanne Larouche">Larouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Lemire" title="Sébastien Lemire">Lemire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristina_Michaud" title="Kristina Michaud">Michaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Normandin" title="Christine Normandin">Normandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_Pauz%C3%A9" title="Monique Pauzé">Pauzé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Perron" title="Yves Perron">Perron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Plamondon" title="Louis Plamondon">Plamondon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_Sauv%C3%A9" title="Louis-Philippe Sauvé">Sauvé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon-Pierre_Savard-Tremblay" title="Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay">Savard-Tremblay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Simard" title="Mario Simard">Simard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Sinclair-Desgagn%C3%A9" title="Nathalie Sinclair-Desgagné">Sinclair-Desgagné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Ste-Marie" title="Gabriel Ste-Marie">Ste-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Th%C3%A9riault" title="Luc Thériault">Thériault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Therrien" title="Alain Therrien">Therrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Trudel" title="Denis Trudel">Trudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Vignola" title="Julie Vignola">Vignola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Villemure" title="René Villemure">Villemure</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#F4A460;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Democratic_Party_MPs" title="Template:New Democratic Party MPs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Democratic_Party_MPs" title="Template talk:New Democratic Party MPs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Democratic_Party_MPs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Democratic Party MPs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Singh</a> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Angus" title="Charlie Angus">Angus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Ashton" title="Niki Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Bachrach" title="Taylor Bachrach">Bachrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Marie_Barron" title="Lisa Marie Barron">Barron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Blaney" title="Rachel Blaney">Blaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Boulerice" title="Alexandre Boulerice">Boulerice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cannings_(British_Columbia_politician)" title="Richard Cannings (British Columbia politician)">Cannings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Collins" title="Laurel Collins">L. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Dance" title="Leila Dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Davies" title="Don Davies">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Desjarlais" title="Blake Desjarlais">Desjarlais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Garrison" title="Randall Garrison">Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Gazan" title="Leah Gazan">Gazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Green_(Canadian_politician)" title="Matthew Green (Canadian politician)">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Hughes_(politician)" title="Carol Hughes (politician)">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Idlout" title="Lori Idlout">Idlout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gord_Johns" title="Gord Johns">Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Julian" title="Peter Julian">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Kwan" title="Jenny Kwan">Kwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_MacGregor" title="Alistair MacGregor">MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Masse" title="Brian Masse">Masse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Mathyssen" title="Lindsay Mathyssen">Mathyssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_McPherson_(politician)" title="Heather McPherson (politician)">McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonita_Zarrillo" title="Bonita Zarrillo">Zarrillo</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties/groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#99C955;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Green_MPs" title="Template:Green MPs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Green_MPs" title="Template talk:Green MPs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Green_MPs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Green MPs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Green_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">E. May</a> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Morrice" title="Mike Morrice">Morrice</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#DCDCDC;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Independent_MPs_in_Canada" title="Template:Independent MPs in Canada"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Independent_MPs_in_Canada" title="Template talk:Independent MPs in Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Independent_MPs_in_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Independent MPs in Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Independent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Independent</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Dong_(politician)" title="Han Dong (politician)">Dong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Rayes" title="Alain Rayes">Rayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Rodriguez_(Canadian_politician)" title="Pablo Rodriguez (Canadian politician)">Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Vuong" title="Kevin Vuong">Vuong</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/44th_Canadian_Parliament" title="44th Canadian Parliament">44th Canadian Parliament</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_NATO" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_NATO_leaders" title="Template:Current NATO leaders"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_NATO_leaders" title="Template talk:Current NATO leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_NATO_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current NATO leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_NATO" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">Leaders of NATO</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO"><img alt="NATO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/20px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/31px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/40px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_NATO" title="Secretary General of NATO">Secretary General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Rutte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">De Croo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Glavchev" title="Dimitar Glavchev">Glavchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Plenković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Fiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Frederiksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Michal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Orpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bjarni_Benediktsson_(born_1970)" title="Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970)">Bjarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Siliņa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Nausėda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Frieden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Spajić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Schoof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski" title="Hristijan Mickoski">Mickoski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Støre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Iohannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Fico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Golob" title="Robert Golob">Golob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Kristersson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Group_of_Seven" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_G7_Leaders" title="Template:Current G7 Leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_G7_Leaders" title="Template talk:Current G7 Leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_G7_Leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current G7 Leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Group_of_Seven" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_G7_leaders" title="List of G7 leaders">Leaders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">Group of Seven</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Von der Leyen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_G20_leaders" title="Template:Current G20 leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_G20_leaders" title="Template talk:Current G20 leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_G20_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current G20 leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">Leaders of the G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union"><img alt="African Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Ghazouani</a> / <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Faki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">von der Leyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:APEC_leaders" title="Template:APEC leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:APEC_leaders" title="Template talk:APEC leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:APEC_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:APEC leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Leaders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_Taipei_representatives_to_APEC" title="List of Chinese Taipei representatives to APEC">Envoy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lin_Hsin-i" title="Lin Hsin-i">Lin</a>)1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu" title="John Lee Ka-chiu">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Papua New Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">Marape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dina_Boluarte" title="Dina Boluarte">Boluarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Cường</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 President is a non-participant; Taiwan is represented as <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_heads_of_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_heads_of_government" title="Template:Commonwealth heads of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_heads_of_government" title="Template talk:Commonwealth heads of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_heads_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth heads of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_heads_of_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_heads_of_government" title="List of Commonwealth heads of government">Commonwealth heads of government</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretary-General" title="Commonwealth Secretary-General">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Scotland" title="Patricia Scotland">Patricia Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Chair-in-Office" title="Commonwealth Chair-in-Office">Chair-in-Office</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fiam%C4%93_Naomi_Mata%CA%BBafa" title="Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa">Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Browne" title="Gaston Browne">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas"><img alt="The Bahamas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Davis_(Bahamian_politician)" title="Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Yunus</a> (Acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados"><img alt="Barbados" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize"><img alt="Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Briceño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana"><img alt="Botswana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Boko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Biya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Christodoulides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica"><img alt="Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Skerrit" title="Roosevelt Skerrit">Skerrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini"><img alt="Eswatini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russell_Dlamini" title="Russell Dlamini">Dlamini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji"><img alt="Fiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Rabuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia"><img alt="The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adama_Barrow" title="Adama Barrow">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nana_Akufo-Addo" title="Nana Akufo-Addo">Akufo-Addo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada"><img alt="Grenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dickon_Mitchell" title="Dickon Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Holness" title="Andrew Holness">Holness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">Ruto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati"><img alt="Kiribati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taneti_Maamau" title="Taneti Maamau">Maamau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho"><img alt="Lesotho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Matekane" title="Sam Matekane">Matekane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi"><img alt="Malawi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Chakwera" title="Lazarus Chakwera">Chakwera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives"><img alt="Maldives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu" title="Mohamed Muizzu">Muizzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Abela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius"><img alt="Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Navin_Ramgoolam" title="Navin Ramgoolam">Ramgoolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Filipe_Nyusi" title="Filipe Nyusi">Nyusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nangolo_Mbumba" title="Nangolo Mbumba">Mbumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">Adeang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Tinubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Shehbaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Papua New Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">Marape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda"><img alt="Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Kagame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis"><img alt="Saint Kitts and Nevis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Terrance_Drew" title="Terrance Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia"><img alt="Saint Lucia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Pierre" title="Philip J. Pierre">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><img alt="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gonsalves" title="Ralph Gonsalves">Gonsalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa"><img alt="Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fiam%C4%93_Naomi_Mata%CA%BBafa" title="Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa">Mataʻafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles"><img alt="Seychelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/35px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/46px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wavel_Ramkalawan" title="Wavel Ramkalawan">Ramkalawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone"><img alt="Sierra Leone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio" title="Julius Maada Bio">Bio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands"><img alt="Solomon Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Manele" title="Jeremiah Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake" title="Anura Kumara Dissanayake">Dissanayake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania"><img alt="Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9" title="Faure Gnassingbé">Gnassingbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga"><img alt="Tonga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Siaosi_Sovaleni" title="Siaosi Sovaleni">Sovaleni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad and Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Rowley" title="Keith Rowley">Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu"><img alt="Tuvalu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Feleti_Teo" title="Feleti Teo">Teo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Museveni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu"><img alt="Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charlot_Salwai" title="Charlot Salwai">Salwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia"><img alt="Zambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema" title="Hakainde Hichilema">Hichilema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_heads_of_government" title="Template:Current heads of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_heads_of_government" title="Template talk:Current heads of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_heads_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current heads of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Current heads of government</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nadir_Larbaoui" title="Nadir Larbaoui">Larbaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Apollinaire_J._Ky%C3%A9lem_de_Tamb%C3%A8la" title="Apollinaire J. Kyélem de Tambèla">Tambèla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi"><img alt="Burundi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gervais_Ndirakobuca" title="Gervais Ndirakobuca">Ndirakobuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ngute" title="Joseph Ngute">Ngute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde"><img alt="Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ulisses_Correia_e_Silva" title="Ulisses Correia e Silva">Correia e Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic"><img alt="Central African Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Moloua" title="Félix Moloua">Moloua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Allamaye_Halina" title="Allamaye Halina">Halina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Judith_Suminwa" title="Judith Suminwa">Suminwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anatole_Collinet_Makosso" title="Anatole Collinet Makosso">Makosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti"><img alt="Djibouti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdoulkader_Kamil_Mohamed" title="Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed">Mohamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Madbouly" title="Mostafa Madbouly">Madbouly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea"><img alt="Equatorial Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Osa_Nsue_Nsua" title="Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua">Osa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini"><img alt="Eswatini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russell_Dlamini" title="Russell Dlamini">Dlamini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon"><img alt="Gabon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ndong_Sima" title="Raymond Ndong Sima">Sima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bah_Oury" title="Bah Oury">Oury</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rui_Duarte_de_Barros" title="Rui Duarte de Barros">Duarte de Barros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Beugr%C3%A9_Mamb%C3%A9" title="Robert Beugré Mambé">Beugre Mambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Dbeibeh" title="Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh">Dbeibeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho"><img alt="Lesotho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Matekane" title="Sam Matekane">Matekane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar"><img alt="Madagascar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Ntsay" title="Christian Ntsay">Ntsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Choguel_Kokalla_Ma%C3%AFga" title="Choguel Kokalla Maïga">Maïga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Ould_Djay" title="Mokhtar Ould Djay">Djay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius"><img alt="Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pravind_Jugnauth" title="Pravind Jugnauth">Jugnauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Akhannouch" title="Aziz Akhannouch">Akhannouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adriano_Maleiane" title="Adriano Maleiane">Maleiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saara_Kuugongelwa" title="Saara Kuugongelwa">Kuugongelwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Lamine_Zeine" title="Ali Lamine Zeine">Zeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda"><img alt="Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Ngirente" title="Édouard Ngirente">Ngirente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"><img alt="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bouchraya_Hammoudi_Bayoun" title="Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun">Bayoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe"><img alt="São Tomé and Príncipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Trovoada" title="Patrice Trovoada">Trovoada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Sonko" title="Ousmane Sonko">Sonko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone"><img alt="Sierra Leone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Moinina_Sengeh" title="David Moinina Sengeh">Sengeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre" title="Hamza Abdi Barre">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Osman_Hussein_(politician)" title="Osman Hussein (politician)">Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania"><img alt="Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kassim_Majaliwa" title="Kassim Majaliwa">Majaliwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Victoire_Tomegah_Dogb%C3%A9" title="Victoire Tomegah Dogbé">Dogbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kamel_Madouri" title="Kamel Madouri">Madouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robinah_Nabbanja" title="Robinah Nabbanja">Nabbanja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia"><img alt="Abkhazia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ankvab" title="Alexander Ankvab">Ankvab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Akhund" title="Hasan Akhund">Akhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_Al_Khalifa" title="Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa">Al Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Yunus</a> (Acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan"><img alt="Bhutan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tshering_Tobgay" title="Tshering Tobgay">Tobgay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadee_Billah" title="Al-Muhtadee Billah">Billah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Manet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor"><img alt="East Timor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão">Gusmão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Masoud Pezeshkian">Pezeshkian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shia%27_Al_Sudani" title="Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani">Sudani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jafar_Hassan" title="Jafar Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oljas_Bektenov" title="Oljas Bektenov">Bektenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Al-Abdullah_Al-Sabah" title="Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Akylbek_Japarov" title="Akylbek Japarov">Japarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sonexay_Siphandone" title="Sonexay Siphandone">Siphandone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Najib_Mikati" title="Najib Mikati">Mikati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia"><img alt="Mongolia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luvsannamsrain_Oyun-Erdene" title="Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene">Oyun-Erdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/19px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a> <a href="/wiki/K._P._Sharma_Oli" title="K. P. Sharma Oli">Oli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Tok_Hun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Tok Hun">Kim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mustafa_(economist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Mustafa (economist)">Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar"><img alt="Qatar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Abdulrahman_bin_Jassim_Al_Thani" title="Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani">Thani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia"><img alt="South Ossetia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Dzhussoev" title="Konstantin Dzhussoev">Dzhussoev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Harini_Amarasuriya" title="Harini Amarasuriya">Amarasuriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazi_al-Jalali" title="Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali">Al-Jalali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cho_Jung-tai" title="Cho Jung-tai">Cho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kokhir_Rasulzoda" title="Kokhir Rasulzoda">Rasulzoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum" title="Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum">Al Maktoum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdulla_Aripov" title="Abdulla Aripov">Aripov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Awad_bin_Mubarak" title="Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak">Mubarak</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Espot_Zamora" title="Xavier Espot Zamora">Espot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Pashinyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Nehammer" title="Karl Nehammer">Nehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Asadov" title="Ali Asadov">Asadov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Golovchenko" title="Roman Golovchenko">Golovchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">De Croo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Borjana_Kri%C5%A1to" title="Borjana Krišto">Krišto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Glavchev" title="Dimitar Glavchev">Glavchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Plenković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Fiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Frederiksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Michal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Orpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Barnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irakli_Kobakhidze" title="Irakli Kobakhidze">Kobakhidze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bjarni_Benediktsson_(born_1970)" title="Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970)">Bjarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Albin_Kurti" title="Albin Kurti">Kurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Siliņa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein"><img alt="Liechtenstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Risch" title="Daniel Risch">Risch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ingrida_%C5%A0imonyt%C4%97" title="Ingrida Šimonytė">Šimonytė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Frieden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Abela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dorin_Recean" title="Dorin Recean">Recean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco"><img alt="Monaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Didier_Guillaume" title="Didier Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Spajić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Schoof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski" title="Hristijan Mickoski">Mickoski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Støre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Ciolacu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Vu%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Miloš Vučević">Vučević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Fico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Golob" title="Robert Golob">Golob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Kristersson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Rossi" title="Viktor Rossi">Rossi</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Shmyhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City"><img alt="Vatican City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fernando_V%C3%A9rgez_Alzaga" title="Fernando Vérgez Alzaga">Vérgez Alzaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba"><img alt="Aruba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Wever-Croes" title="Evelyn Wever-Croes">Wever-Croes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla"><img alt="Anguilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/46px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Webster" title="Ellis Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Browne" title="Gaston Browne">Browne</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas"><img alt="The Bahamas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Davis_(Bahamian_politician)" title="Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados"><img alt="Barbados" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda"><img alt="Bermuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_David_Burt" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward David Burt">Burt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize"><img alt="Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Briceño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands"><img alt="British Virgin Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Natalio_Wheatley" title="Natalio Wheatley">Wheatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands"><img alt="Cayman Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Julianna_O%27Connor-Connolly" title="Julianna O'Connor-Connolly">O'Connor-Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Marrero_Cruz" title="Manuel Marrero Cruz">Marrero Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao"><img alt="Curaçao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gilmar_Pisas" title="Gilmar Pisas">Pisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica"><img alt="Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Skerrit" title="Roosevelt Skerrit">Skerrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Bukele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland"><img alt="Greenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede" title="Múte Bourup Egede">Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada"><img alt="Grenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dickon_Mitchell" title="Dickon Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Arévalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti"><img alt="Haiti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Garry_Conille" title="Garry Conille">Conille</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Holness" title="Andrew Holness">Holness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat"><img alt="Montserrat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Meade" title="Reuben Meade">Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis"><img alt="Saint Kitts and Nevis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Terrance_Drew" title="Terrance Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia"><img alt="Saint Lucia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Pierre" title="Philip J. Pierre">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><img alt="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gonsalves" title="Ralph Gonsalves">Gonsalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad and Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Rowley" title="Keith Rowley">Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia"><img alt="Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Arce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Noboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adrianz%C3%A9n" title="Gustavo Adrianzén">Adrianzén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname"><img alt="Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Santokhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Lacalle Pou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Maduro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands"><img alt="Cook Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Brown_(Cook_Islands)" title="Mark Brown (Cook Islands)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji"><img alt="Fiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Rabuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">Adeang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue"><img alt="Niue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/46px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dalton_Tagelagi" title="Dalton Tagelagi">Tagelagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Papua New Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">Marape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa"><img alt="Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fiam%C4%93_Naomi_Mata%CA%BBafa" title="Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa">Mataʻafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands"><img alt="Solomon Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Manele" title="Jeremiah Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga"><img alt="Tonga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Siaosi_Sovaleni" title="Siaosi Sovaleni">Sovaleni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu"><img alt="Tuvalu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Feleti_Teo" title="Feleti Teo">Teo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu"><img alt="Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charlot_Salwai" title="Charlot Salwai">Salwai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099714#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099714#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099714#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000440321669">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/311580041">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1929603/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfWVdrqbHPWfWRC7VJFKd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1118402804">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2014147581">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17938431m">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17938431m">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub20221139261&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5725913">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000265072&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810600776205606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058611587206706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/343fa937-4c92-4ab7-a496-0bf41b39c5c7">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1118402804">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/190459018">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justin_Trudeau&oldid=1258907696">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justin_Trudeau&oldid=1258907696</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Justin_Trudeau" title="Category:Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1971_births" title="Category:1971 births">1971 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anglophone_Quebec_people" title="Category:Anglophone Quebec people">Anglophone Quebec people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_feminists" title="Category:Canadian feminists">Canadian feminists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_Anglo-Irish_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of Anglo-Irish descent">Canadian people of Anglo-Irish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_English_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of English descent">Canadian people of English descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_French_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of French descent">Canadian people of French descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_Indonesian_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of Indonesian descent">Canadian people of Indonesian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_Malaysian_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of Malaysian descent">Canadian people of Malaysian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_Scottish_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of Scottish descent">Canadian people of Scottish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:Canadian Roman Catholics">Canadian Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_schoolteachers" title="Category:Canadian schoolteachers">Canadian schoolteachers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_feminists" title="Category:Catholic feminists">Catholic feminists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Children_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="Category:Children of prime ministers of Canada">Children of prime ministers of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Franco-Ontarian_people" title="Category:Franco-Ontarian people">Franco-Ontarian people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Category:Leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada">Leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_candidates" title="Category:Liberal Party of Canada leadership candidates">Liberal Party of Canada leadership candidates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberal_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs">Liberal Party of Canada MPs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Male_feminists" title="Category:Male feminists">Male feminists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:McGill_University_alumni" title="Category:McGill University alumni">McGill University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="Category:Members of the 29th Canadian Ministry">Members of the 29th Canadian Ministry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada_from_Quebec" title="Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec">Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada">Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pierre_Trudeau" title="Category:Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Montreal" title="Category:Politicians from Montreal">Politicians from Montreal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Ottawa" title="Category:Politicians from Ottawa">Politicians from Ottawa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="Category:Prime ministers of Canada">Prime ministers of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trudeau_family" title="Category:Trudeau family">Trudeau family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_British_Columbia_Faculty_of_Education_alumni" title="Category:University of British Columbia Faculty of Education alumni">University of British Columbia Faculty of Education alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="Category:21st-century members of the House of Commons of Canada">21st-century members of the House of Commons of Canada</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA" title="Category:Pages with French IPA">Pages with French IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Canadian_French-language_sources_(fr-ca)" title="Category:CS1 Canadian French-language sources (fr-ca)">CS1 Canadian French-language sources (fr-ca)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Canadian_English_from_May_2021" title="Category:Use Canadian English from May 2021">Use Canadian English from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Canadian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2023">Use mdy dates from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spoken_articles" title="Category:Spoken articles">Spoken articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 08:22 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justin_Trudeau&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-blxk6","wgBackendResponseTime":229,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"5.299","walltime":"6.501","ppvisitednodes":{"value":39198,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1468044,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":288124,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":30,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1494402,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 5097.113 1 -total"," 36.03% 1836.614 2 Template:Reflist"," 30.15% 1536.961 2 Template:Navboxes"," 22.50% 1146.728 234 Template:Cite_news"," 12.08% 615.847 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 7.16% 364.713 1 Template:Current_NATO_leaders"," 7.11% 362.395 1 Template:Military_navigation"," 6.61% 336.725 1 Template:Current_heads_of_government"," 6.50% 331.307 1 Template:Commonwealth_heads_of_government"," 6.46% 329.303 82 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"3.186","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":32174241,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","920","26.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","500","14.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","360","10.2"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","240","6.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","180","5.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","160","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","100","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","100","2.8"],["(for generator)","80","2.3"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","2.3"],["[others]","800","22.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-qjjsx","timestamp":"20241122140623","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Justin Trudeau","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Justin_Trudeau","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3099714","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3099714","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-02-02T06:23:48Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T08:22:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/32\/Prime_Minister_Trudeau%27s_message_on_Christmas_2023_%280m29s%29_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"Prime Minister of Canada since 2015"}</script> </body> </html>