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History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Origins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_election_and_Official_Opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_election_and_Official_Opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 First election and Official Opposition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_election_and_Official_Opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1995_Quebec_referendum_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1995_Quebec_referendum_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1995 Quebec referendum and aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1995_Quebec_referendum_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Party_under_Gilles_Duceppe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_under_Gilles_Duceppe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Party under Gilles Duceppe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_under_Gilles_Duceppe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coalition_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coalition_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Coalition attempt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coalition_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loss_of_official_party_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_of_official_party_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Loss of official party status </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_of_official_party_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Return_and_departure_of_Duceppe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_and_departure_of_Duceppe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Return and departure of Duceppe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_and_departure_of_Duceppe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Party_under_Martine_Ouellet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_under_Martine_Ouellet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Party under Martine Ouellet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_under_Martine_Ouellet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Party_under_Yves-François_Blanchet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_under_Yves-François_Blanchet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Party under Yves-François Blanchet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_under_Yves-François_Blanchet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_the_Parti_Québécois" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_the_Parti_Québécois"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Relationship with the Parti Québécois </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_the_Parti_Québécois-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Party_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Party leaders </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Party_leaders-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Party leaders subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Party_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Party_presidents_(2014–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_presidents_(2014–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Party presidents (2014–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_presidents_(2014–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Electoral performance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" > 25 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الكتلة الكيبيكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكتلة الكيبيكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Квебекски блок – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Квебекски блок" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bloc Québécois" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bloc Québécois" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc québécois – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bloc québécois" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloko_Kebekia" title="Bloko Kebekia – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bloko Kebekia" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7" title="بلوک کبکوا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلوک کبکوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc québécois – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bloc québécois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%80%98%EB%B2%A1_%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D" title="퀘벡 블록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퀘벡 블록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bloc Québécois" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blocco_del_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Blocco del Québec – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Blocco del Québec" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الكتله الكيبيكيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكتله الكيبيكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bloc Québécois" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%99%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AF" title="ブロック・ケベコワ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブロック・ケベコワ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blok_Quebecki" title="Blok Quebecki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Blok Quebecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloco_Quebequense" title="Bloco Quebequense – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bloco Quebequense" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Квебекский блок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Квебекский блок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bloc Québécois" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bloc Québécois" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bloc Québécois" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="கியூபெக்வா கட்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கியூபெக்வா கட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Квебецький блок – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Квебецький блок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bloc Québécois" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%94%BF%E5%9C%98" title="魁人政團 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="魁人政團" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%94%BF%E5%9C%98" title="魁人政團 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="魁人政團" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q735105#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian federal political party active only in Quebec</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #87CEFA; border-bottom:2px solid #87CEFA; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Bloc Québécois</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:BlocQuebecois_Logo2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/BlocQuebecois_Logo2015.png/225px-BlocQuebecois_Logo2015.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/BlocQuebecois_Logo2015.png/338px-BlocQuebecois_Logo2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/BlocQuebecois_Logo2015.png/450px-BlocQuebecois_Logo2015.png 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="286" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Proulx" title="Suzanne Proulx">Suzanne Proulx</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">House Leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Therrien" title="Alain Therrien">Alain Therrien</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bouchard" title="Lucien Bouchard">Lucien Bouchard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">15 June 1991 (1991-06-15)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">3750, Boulevard Crémazie Est Suite 502 <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> H2A 1B6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Forum_jeunesse_du_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Forum jeunesse du Bloc Québécois">Forum jeunesse du Bloc Québécois</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2014)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">19,000<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Quebec nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereignty_movement" title="Quebec sovereignty movement">Quebec sovereigntism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">Regionalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a><a href="#cite_note-TrimbleArscott2013-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <a href="/wiki/Light_blue" title="Light blue">Light blue</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 105<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #CCCCCC; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">33 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blocquebecois.org/">www.blocquebecois.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735105#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #87CEFA;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of political parties in Canada">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Bloc Québécois (BQ; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[blɔk kebekwa]</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_people" title="Québécois people">Quebecer</a> <a href="/wiki/Voting_bloc" title="Voting bloc">Bloc</a>") is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of federal political parties in Canada">federal political party in Canada</a> devoted to <a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Quebec nationalism</a> and the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereignty_movement" title="Quebec sovereignty movement">Quebec sovereignty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The Bloc was formed by <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Members of Parliament</a> (MPs) who defected from the federal <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a> during the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Meech_Lake_Accord" title="Meech Lake Accord">Meech Lake Accord</a>. Founder <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bouchard" title="Lucien Bouchard">Lucien Bouchard</a> had been a cabinet minister in the federal Progressive Conservative government of <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a>. The Bloc seeks to create the conditions necessary for the political secession of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> from Canada and campaigns exclusively within the province during federal elections. The party has been described as <a href="/wiki/Social_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democratic">social democratic</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Separatist" class="mw-redirect" title="Separatist">separatist</a> (or "sovereigntist").<a href="#cite_note-Dyck2011-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-EvansGraaf2013-7">[7]</a> The Bloc supports the <a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Kyoto_Protocol" title="Canada and the Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Canada" title="Abortion in Canada">abortion rights</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Canada">LGBTQ+ rights</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:3-11">[11]</a> legalization of <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Canada" title="Euthanasia in Canada">assisted suicide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:4-12">[12]</a> abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Canadian Senate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Canada" title="Republicanism in Canada">abolition of the monarchy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:6-14">[14]</a> the Quebec <a href="/wiki/Act_respecting_the_laicity_of_the_State" title="Act respecting the laicity of the State">Secularism law</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:7-15">[15]</a> and supports exempting Quebec from the requirements of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Multiculturalism_Act" title="Canadian Multiculturalism Act">Multiculturalism Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-16">[16]</a> From the <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 federal election</a> until 2011, the Bloc was the largest party in Quebec and either the second- or third-largest party in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> through seven straight federal elections. The <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 election</a> saw the party win just four seats and lose <a href="/wiki/Official_party_status" title="Official party status">official party status</a> after a wave of support for the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>. By 2014, the party had been reduced to two seats because of resignations and expulsions. In the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 election</a>, the Bloc won 10 seats, even though the party's leader <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a> failed to win a seat. In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 election</a>, the party won 32 seats, regaining official party status as a result. In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 election</a>, their seat count remained the same as the 2019 election. Due to the 2019 and 2021 elections resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> minority government, the Bloc shares the <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(parliament)" title="Balance of power (parliament)">balance of power</a> with the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party</a>. The Bloc has strong informal ties to the <a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a> (PQ, whose members are known as Péquistes), a provincial party that advocates for the secession of Quebec from Canada and its independence, but the two are not linked organizationally. As with its provincial counterpart, the Bloc Québécois has been supported by a wide range of voters in Quebec, from sections of <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">organized labour</a> to more <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">conservative</a> rural voters.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Members and supporters are known in French as bloquistes (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[blɔkist]</a>). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positions_and_ideologies">Positions and ideologies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Positions and ideologies">edit</a>]</div> An incomplete list of Bloc Québécois political positions. Among other things the Bloc Québécois has advocated: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereignty_movement" title="Quebec sovereignty movement">Quebec sovereignty</a>, up to independence, specifically repeal of the <a href="/wiki/Clarity_Act" title="Clarity Act">Clarity Act</a> and opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Churchill_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Churchill Project">Muskrat Falls hydroelectric project</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li>Supporting the <a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Kyoto_Protocol" title="Canada and the Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Canada" title="Abortion in Canada">Abortion rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Canada">LGBTQ+ rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-11">[11]</a></li> <li>Legalization of <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Canada" title="Euthanasia in Canada">assisted suicide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-12">[12]</a></li> <li>Abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Canadian Senate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-13">[13]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Canada" title="Republicanism in Canada">Abolition of the monarchy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-14">[14]</a></li> <li>Support for the Quebec <a href="/wiki/Act_respecting_the_laicity_of_the_State" title="Act respecting the laicity of the State">Secularism law</a>, in which government bans individual civil servants from wearing religious attires, largely affecting <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> women and <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> men.<a href="#cite_note-:7-15">[15]</a></li> <li>Exemption of Quebec from the requirements of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Multiculturalism_Act" title="Canadian Multiculturalism Act">Multiculturalism Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li></ul> During the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 Canadian federal election</a>, the Bloc Québécois supported banning the face covering during the <a href="/wiki/Zunera_Ishaq" title="Zunera Ishaq">citizenship ceremony and voting</a>, aimed at Muslim women who wear the <a href="/wiki/Niqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Niqab">niqab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucien_Bouchard_2009.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lucien_Bouchard_2009.png/220px-Lucien_Bouchard_2009.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lucien_Bouchard_2009.png/330px-Lucien_Bouchard_2009.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lucien_Bouchard_2009.png/440px-Lucien_Bouchard_2009.png 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Lucien Bouchard became founding leader of the Bloc Québécois in 1990.</figcaption></figure> The Bloc Québécois was formed in 1990 as an informal coalition of Progressive Conservative and Liberal Members of Parliament from Quebec, who left their original parties around the time of the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Meech_Lake_Accord" title="Meech Lake Accord">Meech Lake Accord</a>. The party was intended to be temporary and was given the goal of the promotion of sovereignty at the federal level. The party aimed to disband following a successful <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> on secession from Canada. As with most parties, it has gained and lost prominent supporters over the years.<a href="#cite_note-through_the_years-28">[28]</a> The initial coalition that led to the Bloc was headed by <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bouchard" title="Lucien Bouchard">Lucien Bouchard</a>, who had been federal <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Environment_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of the Environment (Canada)">Minister of the Environment</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> government of <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-through_the_years-28">[28]</a> Bouchard abandoned the government in May 1990 in response to the report of a commission headed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charest" title="Jean Charest">Jean Charest</a> that suggested changes to the Meech Lake Accord. Bouchard felt the recommendations for change undermined the objectives and spirit of the accord. According to <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Mulroney_Tapes" title="The Secret Mulroney Tapes">The Secret Mulroney Tapes</a> he was fired by Prime Minister Mulroney. Bouchard was joined by five of his fellow Tories (<a href="/wiki/Nic_Leblanc" title="Nic Leblanc">Nic Leblanc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Plamondon" title="Louis Plamondon">Louis Plamondon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Tremblay" title="Benoît Tremblay">Benoît Tremblay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Chartrand" title="Gilbert Chartrand">Gilbert Chartrand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rin" title="François Gérin">François Gérin</a>), along with two Liberals (<a href="/wiki/Gilles_Rocheleau" title="Gilles Rocheleau">Gilles Rocheleau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lapierre" title="Jean Lapierre">Jean Lapierre</a>). The first Bloquiste candidate to be elected was <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a>, then a union organizer, in <a href="/wiki/1990_Laurier%E2%80%94Sainte-Marie_federal_by-election" title="1990 Laurier—Sainte-Marie federal by-election">a by-election</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">riding</a> of <a href="/wiki/Laurier%E2%80%94Sainte-Marie" title="Laurier—Sainte-Marie">Laurier—Sainte-Marie</a> on 13 August 1990.<a href="#cite_note-through_the_years-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> He ran as an independent, since the Bloc had not been registered as a federal party. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_election_and_Official_Opposition">First election and Official Opposition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First election and Official Opposition">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloc_Quebecois_1990s.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Bloc_Quebecois_1990s.svg/300px-Bloc_Quebecois_1990s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Bloc_Quebecois_1990s.svg/450px-Bloc_Quebecois_1990s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Bloc_Quebecois_1990s.svg/600px-Bloc_Quebecois_1990s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="116" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the Bloc Québécois in the 1990s to 2000s</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 federal election</a>, the Bloc won 54 seats (out of 75) in Quebec, sweeping nearly all of the francophone ridings. Because the opposition vote in the rest of Canada was split between the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party</a>, the Progressive Conservative Party, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party</a>, the Bloc narrowly won the second largest number of seats in the House of Commons, and therefore became the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">official opposition</a>. While Reform finished second in the national popular vote, the Bloc's heavy concentration of support in Quebec was slightly larger than Reform's concentration in the West.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Soon after the 35th Parliament convened, Bouchard announced that Bloquiste MPs would only speak French on the floor of the House of Commons, a policy that remains in force to this day. This was out of necessity; although Bouchard and most of the Bloc's founding members were fluently bilingual in French and English, Bouchard had discovered that most of his large caucus could not speak English well enough to use it in debate. The election of such a relatively large number of Bloquistes was the first of <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Periods" class="mw-redirect" title="The Three Periods">The Three Periods</a>, a plan intended to lay out the way to sovereignty created by PQ leader <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Parizeau" title="Jacques Parizeau">Jacques Parizeau</a>. Parizeau became <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Quebec" title="Premier of Quebec">Premier of Quebec</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1994_Quebec_general_election" title="1994 Quebec general election">Quebec election of 1994</a> (the second of the Three Periods). Because the Bloc was the official opposition, it had considerable privileges over the other parties although all of its MPs had been elected in one province. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Question_Period" title="Question Period">Question Periods</a> during the 35th Parliament were dominated by issues of national unity. However, the governing Liberals regarded Reform as their main opposition on non-Quebec matters. Also, in 1995, when Bouchard garnered an invitation to meet visiting US President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> by virtue of being Opposition Leader, Reform leader <a href="/wiki/Preston_Manning" title="Preston Manning">Preston Manning</a> was also given a meeting with Clinton in order to defuse Bouchard's separatist leverage.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1995_Quebec_referendum_and_aftermath">1995 Quebec referendum and aftermath</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1995 Quebec referendum and aftermath">edit</a>]</div> In 1995, the PQ government called the second <a href="/wiki/1995_Quebec_referendum" title="1995 Quebec referendum">referendum</a> on independence in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec" title="History of Quebec">Quebec history</a>. The Bloc entered the campaign for the Oui (Yes) side (in favour of sovereignty). The Oui side's campaign had a difficult beginning, so the leadership of the campaign was shifted from PQ leader Jacques Parizeau to Bloc leader Lucien Bouchard. Bouchard was seen as more charismatic and more moderate, and therefore more likely to attract voters.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> A "tripartite agreement" mapping out the plan for accession to independence was written and signed by the leaders of the Parti Québécois, the Bloc Québécois and the <a href="/wiki/Action_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Action démocratique du Québec">Action démocratique du Québec</a> on 12 June 1995.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> It revived <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque" title="René Lévesque">René Lévesque</a>'s notion that the referendum should be followed by the negotiating of an association agreement between an independent Quebec and the rest of Canada. This provision was inspired by Bouchard. Parizeau had previously wanted a vote simply on independence. The difference became moot when 50.6% of voters taking part in the referendum rejected the sovereignty plan. An overwhelming "Non" vote in Montreal tipped the balance.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The day after the referendum, Parizeau announced his pending resignation as PQ leader and <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Quebec" title="Premier of Quebec">Premier of Quebec</a>. Bouchard left federal politics and succeeded Parizeau in both posts on 26 January 1996.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-turner19970920-38">[38]</a> Following Bouchard's departure from Ottawa, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Gauthier" title="Michel Gauthier">Michel Gauthier</a> became <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_elections" title="Bloc Québécois leadership elections">leader of the Bloc</a>. In the wake of the referendum defeat, Gauthier proved unable to hold the fractious caucus together and resigned as leader just one year later. Gilles Duceppe, who had served as interim leader between Bouchard and Gauthier, became leader of the Bloc in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_under_Gilles_Duceppe">Party under Gilles Duceppe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Party under Gilles Duceppe">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="2102" /></a><figcaption>Gilles Duceppe became the first Bloc MP in 1990; he served as leader from 1997 to 2011.</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997 federal election</a>, the Bloc Québécois dropped to 44 seats, losing official opposition status to the Reform Party. The 1997–2000 term was marked by the Bloc's fight against the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Clarity_Act" title="Clarity Act">Clarity Act</a>, the attempt by Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a> (himself a Quebecer who represented a strongly nationalist riding) and <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a>, a Quebec minister in Chrétien's cabinet, to codify the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Reference_Re_Secession_of_Quebec" title="Reference Re Secession of Quebec">1998 decision</a> that Quebec could not secede unilaterally.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000 election</a>, the Bloc dropped further to 38 seats, despite polling a larger percentage of the vote than at the previous election. One factor was the <a href="/wiki/2000%E2%80%9306_municipal_reorganization_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="2000–06 municipal reorganization in Quebec">forced merger of several major Quebec cities</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hull,_Quebec" title="Hull, Quebec">Hull</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a>. The merger was very unpopular in those areas, resulting in Liberal wins in several of the merged areas. This was still more than the number of seats the Liberals had won in Quebec. However, the Liberals won several subsequent by-elections during the life of the 37th Parliament, until the Liberals had held the majority of Quebec's seats in the Commons for the first time since the <a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="1984 Canadian federal election">1984 federal election</a>. From then to the subsequent election, the Bloc continued to denounce the federal government's interventions in what the Bloc saw as exclusively provincial jurisdictions. The Bloc credits its actions for the uncovering of what has since become the <a href="/wiki/Sponsorship_scandal" title="Sponsorship scandal">sponsorship scandal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The Bloc continued to slide in most of the 2003 opinion polls following the <a href="/wiki/2003_Quebec_general_election" title="2003 Quebec general election">2003 Quebec election</a> which was won by the federalist <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Liberal_Party" title="Quebec Liberal Party">Quebec Liberal Party</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charest" title="Jean Charest">Jean Charest</a>. However, things changed during the winter of 2003. The federalist Charest government lost popularity. Then, in February 2004, the Auditor General of Canada uncovered the <a href="/wiki/Gomery_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomery Commission">sponsorship scandal</a>, suggesting illegality in the spending of federal monies in Quebec in support of Canadian unity. As well, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> government of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a> passed party financing legislation that resulted in the Bloc receiving millions of dollars in subsidies that helped to stabilize its organization.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> For the <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004 election</a>, the Bloc adopted the slogan Un parti propre au Québec, a play on words that can be translated either as "A party of Quebec's own" ("a party proper to Quebec") or as "A clean party in Quebec". The Bloc won 54 seats in the House of Commons, tying its previous record from the 1993 campaign. For the <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 election</a>, the Bloc used the slogan Heureusement, ici, c'est le Bloc! ("Fortunately, the Bloc is here!").<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The Bloc were expected to easily win more than 60 seats at the start of the campaign, and they did in fact take six seats from the Liberals. However, the unexpected surge of the new <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a> in parts of Quebec, particularly in and around Quebec City, led to the Bloc losing eight seats to the Tories. Coupled with an additional loss to <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Arthur" title="André Arthur">André Arthur</a>, an independent candidate, the Bloc recorded a net loss of three seats.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The Conservative Party won a plurality of seats in the House of Commons, thus forming a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a>. There was persistent speculation as to the possibility of the Bloc forming alliances with other opposition parties to wrest the government away from the Conservatives. Duceppe, whose leadership was confirmed after the election, maintained that the Bloc would continue to co-operate with other opposition parties or with the government when this advantaged Quebec, but would not participate in a federal government.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Gilles Duceppe announced on 11 May 2007 that he would run for the leadership of the Parti Québécois to replace <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Boisclair" title="André Boisclair">André Boisclair</a>, who resigned on 8 May 2007, after the poor performance in the March 2007 <a href="/wiki/2007_Quebec_general_election" title="2007 Quebec general election">Quebec provincial election</a> and internal dissent forced him to step down. Duceppe announced the next day that he was withdrawing from the race, and that he would support <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Marois" title="Pauline Marois">Pauline Marois</a> who had also announced her intention to run.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The Bloc made slight gains following the <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 federal elections</a> as they won 49 seats, one more than the number they had before the <a href="/wiki/39th_Canadian_Parliament" title="39th Canadian Parliament">previous parliament</a> was dissolved. In that election, they used the slogan "Présent pour le Québec" ("Present for Quebec"). Although they made small gains in relation to the number of seats at dissolution, they fell by 2 seats to 49 in comparison to the 51 they received in 2006. Also, the proportion of popular votes in the province was down 4 points to 38.1%, the Bloc's lowest score since 1997. In a speech in front of his supporters following the election, BQ leader Gilles Duceppe claimed to have achieved his objectives, adding: "without the Bloc Québécois tonight, Mr. Harper would have formed a majority government".<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> At the end of November 2008, the Bloc indicated that it would support a <a href="/wiki/40th_Canadian_Parliament#Possible_Motion_of_No_Confidence" title="40th Canadian Parliament">possible motion of no confidence</a> against the governing Conservatives by the two other opposition parties, and would support the resulting Liberal-NDP coalition government at least until June 2010, without actually being part of the government.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coalition_attempt">Coalition attempt</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Coalition attempt">edit</a>]</div> On 26 March 2011, Bloc Québécois leader Duceppe stated that Conservative leader Stephen Harper had in 2004 tried to form a <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a> with the Bloc and NDP in response to Harper's allegations that the Liberals intended to form a coalition with the Bloc and the NDP.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Two months after the 2004 federal election, Stephen Harper privately met with BQ leader Gilles Duceppe and New Democratic Party leader <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a> in a Montreal hotel.<a href="#cite_note-gazetteCoalition-50">[50]</a> On 9 September 2004, the three signed a letter addressed to then-<a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a> <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Clarkson" title="Adrienne Clarkson">Adrienne Clarkson</a>, stating, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">We respectfully point out that the opposition parties, who together constitute a majority in the House, have been in close consultation. We believe that, should a request for dissolution arise, this should give you cause, as constitutional practice has determined, to consult the opposition leaders and consider all of your options before exercising your constitutional authority.<a href="#cite_note-gazetteCoalition-50">[50]</a></blockquote> On the same day the letter was written, the three party leaders held a joint press conference at which they expressed their intent to co-operate on changing parliamentary rules, and to request that the governor general consult with them before deciding to call an election.<a href="#cite_note-Harpercoalition-51">[51]</a> At the news conference, Harper said: "It is the Parliament that's supposed to run the country, not just the largest party and the single leader of that party. That's a criticism I've had and that we've had and that most Canadians have had for a long, long time now so this is an opportunity to start to change that." However, at the time, Harper and the two other opposition leaders denied trying to form a coalition government, despite the letter written to the governor general.<a href="#cite_note-gazetteCoalition-50">[50]</a> Harper said, "This is not a coalition, but this is a co-operative effort."<a href="#cite_note-Harpercoalition-51">[51]</a> One month later, on 4 October 2004, journalist <a href="/wiki/Mike_Duffy" title="Mike Duffy">Mike Duffy</a>, (later appointed as a Conservative senator by Harper in December 2008), said "It is possible that you could change prime minister without having an election", and that some Conservatives wanted Harper as prime minister. The next day Layton walked out on talks with Harper and Duceppe, accusing them of trying to replace <a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a> with Harper as prime minister. Both Bloc and Conservative officials denied Layton's accusations.<a href="#cite_note-gazetteCoalition-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loss_of_official_party_status">Loss of official party status</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Loss of official party status">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 federal election</a>, in the wake of a surge of support for the New Democratic Party, the Bloc received less than a quarter of the popular vote in Quebec (and less than 6% of the national vote). It lost 44 of the 47 seats it held at parliament's dissolution, and only added one seat, which had been vacated by a Bloc Québécois member six months prior to the election. The seats lost included that of Duceppe, who resigned as party president and leader. It also lost all but one of its seats in Montreal. By winning only four seats, the Bloc failed to reach the minimum of 12 seats required for <a href="/wiki/Official_party_status" title="Official party status">official party status</a> in the House of Commons. MPs without official party status are treated as independents and must sit in the back row of the opposition benches. They are permitted just a few questions each week in question period and cannot sit as voting members on parliamentary committees.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Elected to Parliament in this election were incumbents <a href="/wiki/Louis_Plamondon" title="Louis Plamondon">Louis Plamondon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bellavance" title="André Bellavance">André Bellavance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Mourani" title="Maria Mourani">Maria Mourani</a> and rookie MP <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fortin_(politician)" title="Jean-François Fortin (politician)">Jean-François Fortin</a>. When the 41st Parliament convened on 2 June 2011, Plamondon became the Bloc's interim parliamentary leader.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Barbot" title="Vivian Barbot">Vivian Barbot</a> served as interim leader and party president following Duceppe's resignation until the party's 2011 leadership election.<a href="#cite_note-BlocLeadership-55">[55]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2011_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2011 Bloc Québécois leadership election">Bloc Québécois leadership election campaign</a> to choose a permanent successor to Duceppe began on 17 September 2011 and concluded on 11 December<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> with the election of former MP for <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(electoral_district)" title="Hochelaga (electoral district)">Hochelaga</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Paill%C3%A9" title="Daniel Paillé">Daniel Paillé</a> as party leader.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Plamondon, the longest-serving member of the Commons, served as parliamentary leader during Paillé's tenure as he did not have a seat. On 28 February 2013, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Patry" title="Claude Patry">Claude Patry</a> defected from the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party</a> and joined the Bloc, citing his disagreement with the New Democratic Party on the subject of Quebec sovereignty, bringing the party's total seats in Parliament up to five.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The caucus fell back to four MPs on 12 September 2013 when Mourani, the party's only remaining member from Montreal, was expelled for her comments criticizing the <a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a> government's proposed Charter of Quebec Values.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Paillé stepped down as leader on 16 December 2013 because of health reasons.<a href="#cite_note-CBC_News-61">[61]</a> A <a href="/wiki/2014_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2014 Bloc Québécois leadership election">leadership election</a> was held the following June.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Hardliner <a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Beaulieu (politician)">Mario Beaulieu</a>, a former president of the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Saint-Jean-Baptiste" class="mw-redirect" title="Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste">Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste</a> who had never been either a Member of Parliament or a member of <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Quebec" title="National Assembly of Quebec">Quebec's National Assembly</a>, was elected party leader after running on a platform of prioritizing Quebec independence above all else. He defeated BQ Member of Parliament <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bellavance" title="André Bellavance">André Bellavance</a>, who had campaigned on a platform of broadening the Bloc beyond being a coalition of sovereigntists and had been endorsed by the rest of the party's caucus.<a href="#cite_note-gaz-63">[63]</a> On 12 August 2014, the caucus was reduced to three MPs when the Bloc's interim parliamentary leader, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fortin_(politician)" title="Jean-François Fortin (politician)">Jean-François Fortin</a>, quit the party to sit as an independent saying that the Bloc Québécois he had joined no longer exists and that Beaulieu had destroyed its credibility.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> On 25 August 2014, former interim parliamentary leader and failed leadership contender <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bellavance" title="André Bellavance">André Bellavance</a> also resigned, reducing the Bloc to two MPs – one of whom, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Patry" title="Claude Patry">Claude Patry</a>, had announced that he would not run for re-election.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> On 31 December 2014, the party's vice president, Annie Lessard, resigned after a personality conflict with leader Mario Beaulieu.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Return_and_departure_of_Duceppe">Return and departure of Duceppe</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Return and departure of Duceppe">edit</a>]</div> With two seats left in parliament, and with the party languishing in the polls a few months before an expected election campaign, it was announced 10 June 2015 that Gilles Duceppe would be returning to lead the party into the campaign; Beaulieu would relinquish the leadership but remain party president.<a href="#cite_note-back-67">[67]</a> The party executive agreed on 9 June 2015, to split the positions of president and party leader in order to facilitate Duceppe's return. The changes were approved by the party's general council on 1 July.<a href="#cite_note-rat-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-rat2-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_federal_election,_2015_results_by_riding_-_Bloc_Quebecois_strength.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Canadian_federal_election%2C_2015_results_by_riding_-_Bloc_Quebecois_strength.svg/220px-Canadian_federal_election%2C_2015_results_by_riding_-_Bloc_Quebecois_strength.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Canadian_federal_election%2C_2015_results_by_riding_-_Bloc_Quebecois_strength.svg/330px-Canadian_federal_election%2C_2015_results_by_riding_-_Bloc_Quebecois_strength.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Canadian_federal_election%2C_2015_results_by_riding_-_Bloc_Quebecois_strength.svg/440px-Canadian_federal_election%2C_2015_results_by_riding_-_Bloc_Quebecois_strength.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3254" data-file-height="2768" /></a><figcaption>Results of the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 Canadian federal election</a> showing support for Bloc Québécois candidates by riding</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a>, the Bloc Québécois had hoped to pick up seats from the collapsing NDP vote; however, most Quebecers instead switched their allegiance to the Liberals and Conservatives rather than back to the Bloc. While the Bloc managed to win 10 seats, more than twice that of the previous election, it was not enough to gain official party status. The party's share of the popular vote in Quebec fell to 19%, its lowest point up until that time. As in 2011, Duceppe failed to win his own seat, and resigned again as party leader.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_under_Martine_Ouellet">Party under Martine Ouellet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Party under Martine Ouellet">edit</a>]</div> The party was led on an interim basis by <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin" title="Rhéal Fortin">Rhéal Fortin</a> until the <a href="/wiki/2017_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2017 Bloc Québécois leadership election">Bloc Québécois leadership election in March 2017</a> acclaimed <a href="/wiki/Martine_Ouellet" title="Martine Ouellet">Martine Ouellet</a>, a member of the provincial <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Quebec" title="National Assembly of Quebec">National Assembly of Quebec</a>, as party leader.<a href="#cite_note-bloc_leadership-72">[72]</a> Ouellet is not a Member of Parliament and intended to see out her term in the provincial legislature until the next provincial election in October 2018. On 28 February 2018, seven of the Bloc's ten MPs quit the party's caucus to form the Groupe parlementaire québécois (later called <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Québec debout</a>) citing conflicts with Ouellet's leadership style and her insistence that the Bloc should emphasize promoting Quebec independence over "defending Quebec's interests".<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Three MPs remained in the Bloc's caucus: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Beaulieu (politician)">Mario Beaulieu</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_Pointe-de-l%27%C3%8Ele" title="La Pointe-de-l'Île">La Pointe-de-l'Île</a>), <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Barsalou-Duval" title="Xavier Barsalou-Duval">Xavier Barsalou-Duval</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pierre-Boucher%E2%80%94Les_Patriotes%E2%80%94Verch%C3%A8res" title="Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères">Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Maril%C3%A8ne_Gill" title="Marilène Gill">Marilène Gill</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manicouagan_(electoral_district)" title="Manicouagan (electoral district)">Manicouagan</a>). More than 20 ex-Bloc MPs, including <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a>, issued an <a href="/wiki/Open_letter" title="Open letter">open letter</a> supporting the seven current MPs who had resigned from caucus and demanding Ouellet's resignation.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Nevertheless, after a lengthy meeting, the party's executive issued a statement supporting Ouellet's leadership but also stating that the seven rebels could keep their Bloc Québécois memberships and would not be expelled from the party for quitting the caucus, inviting them to return to the caucus in the future.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> A <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ger_Marketing" class="mw-redirect" title="Léger Marketing">Léger Marketing</a> poll conducted shortly after put the Bloc Quebecois at 12% among Quebec voters, its lowest rating ever. Following an election this would likely translate into zero seats, putting the survival of the party into question for the <a href="/wiki/43rd_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="43rd Canadian federal election">2019 federal election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Leadership_review" title="Leadership review">leadership review</a> referendum was held on Ouellet's leadership on 1 and 2 June 2018<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> resulting in the party membership rejecting her leadership by 67%, while a proposal that the party prioritize Quebec independence on a daily basis above all other issues also passed with 65% support. Ouellet subsequently announced her resignation as party leader effective 11 June 2018.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Following the announcement of Ouellet's resignation, MPs <a href="/wiki/Michel_Boudrias" title="Michel Boudrias">Michel Boudrias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Marcil" title="Simon Marcil">Simon Marcil</a> announced they would rejoin the party,<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> while party president and MP <a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu" title="Mario Beaulieu">Mario Beaulieu</a> was named Ouelett's successor on an interim basis until her successor could be chosen.<a href="#cite_note-mariointerim-82">[82]</a> On 22 August 2018, as part of an agreement to reunite the party, Beaulieu ceded the party presidency to Yves Perron; on 17 September 2018, the remaining MPs who had defected from the Bloc rejoined the party and dissolved their breakaway group, Québec debout.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_under_Yves-François_Blanchet">Party under Yves-François Blanchet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Party under Yves-François Blanchet">edit</a>]</div> As the only candidate to have entered the race by 15 January 2019 deadline, former <a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a> cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a> was named leader on 17 January 2019.<a href="#cite_note-BlanchetWins-84">[84]</a> Since Blanchet became leader the BQ has seen their support increasing in Quebec during the <a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 federal election</a> which some considered to have exceeded expectations.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The BQ increased its number of seats from 10 in 2015, to 32 seats in 2019, both over taking the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">NDP</a> to become the third largest party in Canada and regaining <a href="/wiki/Official_party_status" title="Official party status">official party status</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 Canadian federal election</a>, the BQ led by Blanchet won 32 seats, unchanged from the prior election.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The Bloc Québécois held a leadership confidence vote in May 2023. Blanchet won 97% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In September 2024, the BQ won a competitive <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_by-elections_in_Canada" title="List of federal by-elections in Canada">by-election</a> in <a href="/wiki/2024_LaSalle%E2%80%94%C3%89mard%E2%80%94Verdun_federal_by-election" title="2024 LaSalle—Émard—Verdun federal by-election">LaSalle—Émard—Verdun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_the_Parti_Québécois">Relationship with the Parti Québécois</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Relationship with the Parti Québécois">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a> has close ties to the Bloc and shares its principal objective of independence for Quebec. The two parties have backed each other during election campaigns, and prominent members of each party often attend and speak at the other's public events. In addition, the majority of each party's membership holds membership in both parties. However, on an organizational level the parties are separate entities – the Bloc is not the federal wing of the Parti Québécois, nor the PQ the provincial wing of the Bloc. Lucien Bouchard has been the leader of both parties. Michel Gauthier, once Bloc's leader, was a PQ member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Quebec" title="National Assembly of Quebec">National Assembly of Quebec</a> from 1981 until 1988. Former party leader Daniel Paillé was also a PQ member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1994 to 1996, and a BQ member of Parliament from 2009 to 2011. In June 2014, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Beaulieu (politician)">Mario Beaulieu</a>, a former PQ riding president and Bloc candidate, was elected leader of the Bloc Québécois. Notwithstanding his previous ties to both parties, Beaulieu has been critical of what he sees as a too timid approach to sovereignty by both the Bloc and PQ. Beaulieu's election as Bloc leader was more warmly received by the PQ's rival party, <a href="/wiki/Option_nationale" title="Option nationale">Option nationale</a>, than by the PQ.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Martine_Ouellet" title="Martine Ouellet">Martine Ouellet</a> was a PQ MNA from 2010 until 2017 and ran twice for the PQ leadership. She continued to sit in the Quebec National Assembly, as an Independent MNA, after she was elected Bloc leader. In the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 election</a>, Parti Québécois leader <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Karl_P%C3%A9ladeau" title="Pierre Karl Péladeau">Pierre Karl Péladeau</a> officially endorsed the Bloc, despite earlier calling the party useless.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Several incumbent PQ MNAs including <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Drainville" title="Bernard Drainville">Bernard Drainville</a>,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Bergeron" title="Stéphane Bergeron">Stéphane Bergeron</a>,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Maka_Kotto" title="Maka Kotto">Maka Kotto</a>,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Dave_Turcotte" title="Dave Turcotte">Dave Turcotte</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] and <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Maltais" title="Agnès Maltais">Agnès Maltais</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] also endorsed the Bloc and campaigned for local candidates. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Party_leaders">Party leaders</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Party leaders">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_elections" title="Bloc Québécois leadership elections">Bloc Québécois leadership elections</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th> <th>Riding while leader </th> <th style="width:350px;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Lucien_Bouchard2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lucien_Bouchard2.jpg/110px-Lucien_Bouchard2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lucien_Bouchard2.jpg/165px-Lucien_Bouchard2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lucien_Bouchard2.jpg/220px-Lucien_Bouchard2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2420" data-file-height="3786" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bouchard" title="Lucien Bouchard">Lucien Bouchard</a> (b. 1938)</td> <td>25 July 1990</td> <td>16 January 1996</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lac-Saint-Jean" title="Lac-Saint-Jean">Lac-Saint-Jean</a></td> <td style="font-size:90%;">First leader Leader of the Opposition (1993–1996) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Interim</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg/110px-Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg/165px-Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg/220px-Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1725" data-file-height="2300" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a></td> <td>16 January 1996</td> <td>17 February 1996</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurier%E2%80%94Sainte-Marie" title="Laurier—Sainte-Marie">Laurier—Sainte-Marie</a></td> <td style="font-size:90%;">Interim leader Leader of the Opposition (1996) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1996_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="1996 Bloc Québécois leadership election">1996</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Michel_Gauthier_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Michel_Gauthier_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Michel_Gauthier_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Michel_Gauthier_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Michel_Gauthier_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Michel_Gauthier_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Michel_Gauthier_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="313" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michel_Gauthier" title="Michel Gauthier">Michel Gauthier</a> (1950–2020)</td> <td>17 February 1996</td> <td>15 March 1997</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roberval%E2%80%94Lac-Saint-Jean" title="Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean">Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean</a></td> <td style="font-size:90%;">Leader of the Opposition (1996–1997) Gauthier resigned in March 1997. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1997_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="1997 Bloc Québécois leadership election">1997</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg/110px-Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg/165px-Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg/220px-Gilles_Duceppe2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1725" data-file-height="2300" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a> (b. 1947)</td> <td>15 March 1997</td> <td>2 May 2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurier%E2%80%94Sainte-Marie" title="Laurier—Sainte-Marie">Laurier—Sainte-Marie</a></td> <td style="font-size:90%;">Duceppe resigned as party leader after the 2011 election, in which he lost his own seat. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Interim</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:VivianBarbot.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/VivianBarbot.JPG/110px-VivianBarbot.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/VivianBarbot.JPG/165px-VivianBarbot.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/VivianBarbot.JPG/220px-VivianBarbot.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Barbot" title="Vivian Barbot">Vivian Barbot</a> (b. 1941)</td> <td>2 May 2011</td> <td>11 December 2011</td> <td>None (had just lost in <a href="/wiki/Papineau_(electoral_district)" title="Papineau (electoral district)">Papineau</a>) </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">Served as interim leader and president of the party.<a href="#cite_note-BlocLeadership-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Plamondon" title="Louis Plamondon">Louis Plamondon</a> was acting leader in the House of Commons. Barbot became the first person of a visible minority group to lead a Canadian federal political party with parliamentary representation. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2011 Bloc Québécois leadership election">2011</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Paill%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Daniel_Paill%C3%A9.jpg/110px-Daniel_Paill%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Daniel_Paill%C3%A9.jpg/165px-Daniel_Paill%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Daniel_Paill%C3%A9.jpg/220px-Daniel_Paill%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1770" data-file-height="1832" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Paill%C3%A9" title="Daniel Paillé">Daniel Paillé</a> (b. 1950)</td> <td>11 December 2011</td> <td>16 December 2013</td> <td>None (had just lost in <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(electoral_district)" title="Hochelaga (electoral district)">Hochelaga</a>) </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">Stepped down as leader on 16 December 2013 because of health reasons.<a href="#cite_note-CBC_News-61">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>vacant</td> <td></td> <td>vacant</td> <td>16 December 2013</td> <td>25 June 2014</td> <td>N/A </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bellavance" title="André Bellavance">André Bellavance</a> was acting leader in the House of Commons until 26 February 2014, when he declared his candidacy for leader.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fortin_(politician)" title="Jean-François Fortin (politician)">Jean-François Fortin</a> replaced Bellavance as leader in the House of Commons. Party vice president Annie Lessard was the acting president of the party.<a href="#cite_note-poc-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2014 Bloc Québécois leadership election">2014</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg/110px-MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg/165px-MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg/220px-MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="951" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu" title="Mario Beaulieu">Mario Beaulieu</a> (b. 1959)</td> <td>25 June 2014</td> <td>10 June 2015</td> <td>None </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">Beaulieu relinquished the party leadership on 10 June 2015 but remained party president.<a href="#cite_note-back-67">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Appointed</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Gilles_Duceppe_2011-04-01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="2102" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a></td> <td>10 June 2015<a href="#cite_note-DuceppeReturns-103">[103]</a></td> <td>22 October 2015</td> <td>None (had just lost in <a href="/wiki/Laurier%E2%80%94Sainte-Marie" title="Laurier—Sainte-Marie">Laurier—Sainte-Marie</a>) </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">Returned as leader but not as party president.<a href="#cite_note-back-67">[67]</a> Appointed leader by party executive on 10 June; appointment ratified by the party's general council on 1 July.<a href="#cite_note-rat-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-rat2-69">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Interim</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin_BQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin_BQ.jpg/110px-Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin_BQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin_BQ.jpg/165px-Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin_BQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin_BQ.jpg/220px-Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin_BQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2705" data-file-height="2729" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin" title="Rhéal Fortin">Rhéal Fortin</a></td> <td>22 October 2015</td> <td>18 March 2017</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-du-Nord_(electoral_district)" title="Rivière-du-Nord (electoral district)">Rivière-du-Nord</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2017_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2017 Bloc Québécois leadership election">2017</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Martine_Ouellet_2016-06-30_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Martine_Ouellet_2016-06-30_B.jpg/110px-Martine_Ouellet_2016-06-30_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Martine_Ouellet_2016-06-30_B.jpg/165px-Martine_Ouellet_2016-06-30_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Martine_Ouellet_2016-06-30_B.jpg/220px-Martine_Ouellet_2016-06-30_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="1645" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martine_Ouellet" title="Martine Ouellet">Martine Ouellet</a> (b. 1969)</td> <td>18 March 2017</td> <td>11 June 2018</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vachon_(electoral_district)" title="Vachon (electoral district)">Vachon</a> (National Assembly of Quebec) </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">Ouellet continued to sit as an Independent MNA in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Quebec" title="National Assembly of Quebec">National Assembly of Quebec</a> after being elected BQ leader and intended to serve out her term as an MNA until the <a href="/wiki/2018_Quebec_general_election" title="2018 Quebec general election">October 2018 provincial election</a>. She resigned as leader after being defeated in a <a href="/wiki/Leadership_review" title="Leadership review">leadership review</a> in June 2018. </td></tr> <tr> <td>vacant</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>11 June 2018</td> <td>13 June 2018</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Interim</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg/110px-MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg/165px-MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg/220px-MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="951" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu" title="Mario Beaulieu">Mario Beaulieu</a></td> <td>13 June 2018</td> <td>17 January 2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Pointe-de-l%27%C3%8Ele" title="La Pointe-de-l'Île">La Pointe-de-l'Île</a> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">Named interim leader two days after the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Martine_Ouellet" title="Martine Ouellet">Martine Ouellet</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2019 Bloc Québécois leadership election">2019</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_in_October_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_in_October_2009.jpg/110px-Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_in_October_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_in_October_2009.jpg/165px-Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_in_October_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_in_October_2009.jpg/220px-Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_in_October_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="923" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a> (b. 1965)</td> <td>17 January 2019</td> <td>present</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beloeil%E2%80%94Chambly" title="Beloeil—Chambly">Beloeil—Chambly</a> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">Elected without opposition. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_presidents_(2014–present)">Party presidents (2014–present)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Party presidents (2014–present)">edit</a>]</div> Until 2015, the party leader was also party president. <table class="wikitable" style="width:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th> <th style="width:350px;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg/110px-MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg/165px-MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg/220px-MarioBeaulieuBCInterimLeader2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="951" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu" title="Mario Beaulieu">Mario Beaulieu</a> (b. 1959)</td> <td>25 June 2014</td> <td>22 August 2018 </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">Beaulieu relinquished the party leadership on 10 June 2015 but remained party president. Also served as interim leader from 13 June 2018 to 17 January 2019.<a href="#cite_note-back-67">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yves_Perron" title="Yves Perron">Yves Perron</a></td> <td>22 August 2018</td> <td>present </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_performance">Electoral performance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Electoral performance">edit</a>]</div> Popular vote in Canada <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Leader </th> <th rowspan="2">Votes </th> <th rowspan="2">% of vote </th> <th rowspan="2">Total seats </th></tr> <tr> <th>Position </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bouchard" title="Lucien Bouchard">Lucien Bouchard</a> </td> <td>1,846,024 </td> <td>13.5<a href="#cite_note-104">[a]</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">54 / 295<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 44 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Official Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a> </th> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a> </td> <td>1,385,821 </td> <td>10.7<a href="#cite_note-105">[b]</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">44 / 301<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3rd </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 10 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a> </th> <td>1,377,727 </td> <td>10.7<a href="#cite_note-106">[c]</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">38 / 301<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3rd </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 6 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a> </th> <td>1,680,109 </td> <td>12.4<a href="#cite_note-107">[d]</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">54 / 308<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3rd </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 16 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a> </th> <td>1,553,201 </td> <td>10.5<a href="#cite_note-108">[e]</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">51 / 308<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3rd </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a> </th> <td>1,379,629 </td> <td>10.0<a href="#cite_note-109">[f]</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">49 / 308<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3rd </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a> </th> <td>889,788 </td> <td>6.0<a href="#cite_note-110">[g]</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">4 / 308<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 4th </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 45 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">No status </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a> </th> <td>818,652 </td> <td>4.7<a href="#cite_note-111">[h]</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">10 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 4th </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 6 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">No status </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a> </td> <td>1,387,030 </td> <td>7.6<a href="#cite_note-112">[i]</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">32 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3rd </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 22 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a> </th> <td>1,301,598 </td> <td>7.6<a href="#cite_note-113">[j]</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">32 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3rd </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Third party </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_44th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Bloc Québécois Shadow Cabinet of the 44th Parliament of Canada">Bloc Québécois Shadow Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of political parties in Canada">List of political parties in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_de_lib%C3%A9ration_nationale_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec">Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Quebec" title="Politics of Quebec">Politics of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secessionist_movements_of_Canada" title="Secessionist movements of Canada">Secessionist movements of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history" title="Timeline of Quebec history">Timeline of Quebec history</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> (Got 49.3% in Quebec) </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> (Got 37.9% in Quebec) </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> (Got 39.9% in Quebec) </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> (Got 48.9% in Quebec) </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> (Got 42.1% in Quebec) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> (Got 38.1% in Quebec) </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> (Got 23.4% in Quebec) </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> (Got 19.3% in Quebec) </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> (Got 32.4% in Quebec) </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> (Got 32.1% in Quebec) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140902095703/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Macpherson%2BBloc%2BQu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois%2Bwoes%2Bbode%2Bsovereignty%2Bmovement/10153845/story.html">"Don Macpherson: Bloc Québécois's woes bode ill for sovereignty movement"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/news/Macpherson+Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois+woes+bode+sovereignty+movement/10153845/story.html">the original</a> on 2 September 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Don+Macpherson%3A+Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois%27s+woes+bode+ill+for+sovereignty+movement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fnews%2FMacpherson%2BBloc%2BQu%25C3%25A9b%25C3%25A9cois%2Bwoes%2Bbode%2Bsovereignty%2Bmovement%2F10153845%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickersonThomas_FlanaganBrenda_O'Neill2009" class="citation book cs1">Dickerson, M. O.; Thomas Flanagan; Brenda O'Neill (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontogo0000dick_h1m6">An Introduction to Government and Politics: A Conceptual Approach</a> (8 ed.). Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650042-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650042-9"><bdi>978-0-17-650042-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Government+and+Politics%3A+A+Conceptual+Approach&rft.edition=8&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-17-650042-9&rft.aulast=Dickerson&rft.aufirst=M.+O.&rft.au=Thomas+Flanagan&rft.au=Brenda+O%27Neill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontogo0000dick_h1m6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TrimbleArscott2013-3"><a href="#cite_ref-TrimbleArscott2013_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinda_TrimbleJane_ArscottManon_Tremblay2013" class="citation book cs1">Linda Trimble; Jane Arscott; Manon Tremblay (31 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rsvBqIXfJbYC&pg=PA258">Stalled: The Representation of Women in Canadian Governments</a>. UBC Press. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-2522-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-2522-1"><bdi>978-0-7748-2522-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalled%3A+The+Representation+of+Women+in+Canadian+Governments&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-2522-1&rft.au=Linda+Trimble&rft.au=Jane+Arscott&rft.au=Manon+Tremblay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrsvBqIXfJbYC%26pg%3DPA258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-bloc-quebecois-could-change-name-as-sovereigntist-party-looks-to/">"Bloc Quebecois could change name as sovereigntist party looks to rebuild"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bloc+Quebecois+could+change+name+as+sovereigntist+party+looks+to+rebuild&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-bloc-quebecois-could-change-name-as-sovereigntist-party-looks-to%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> The BQ is described as social-democratic: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Staples2006" class="citation book cs1">Steven Staples (3 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/missiledefencero00stap">Missile Defence: Round One</a>. James Lorimer & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/missiledefencero00stap/page/160">160</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-929-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-929-9"><bdi>978-1-55028-929-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missile+Defence%3A+Round+One&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+%26+Company&rft.date=2006-10-03&rft.isbn=978-1-55028-929-9&rft.au=Steven+Staples&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmissiledefencero00stap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeoffrey_EvansNan_Dirk_de_Graaf2013" class="citation book cs1">Geoffrey Evans; <a href="/wiki/Nan_Dirk_de_Graaf" title="Nan Dirk de Graaf">Nan Dirk de Graaf</a> (28 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bZhcx6hLOMMC&pg=PA167">Political Choice Matters: Explaining the Strength of Class and Religious Cleavages in Cross-National Perspective</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-966399-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-966399-6"><bdi>978-0-19-966399-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Choice+Matters%3A+Explaining+the+Strength+of+Class+and+Religious+Cleavages+in+Cross-National+Perspective&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft.isbn=978-0-19-966399-6&rft.au=Geoffrey+Evans&rft.au=Nan+Dirk+de+Graaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbZhcx6hLOMMC%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnne_Westhues2006" class="citation book cs1">Anne Westhues (20 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kxg3tp2c6V0C&pg=PA437">Canadian Social Policy: Issues and Perspectives</a>. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 437. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-504-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-504-8"><bdi>978-0-88920-504-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Social+Policy%3A+Issues+and+Perspectives&rft.pages=437&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2006-09-20&rft.isbn=978-0-88920-504-8&rft.au=Anne+Westhues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkxg3tp2c6V0C%26pg%3DPA437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_LoughlinJohn_KincaidWilfried_Swenden2013" class="citation book cs1">John Loughlin; John Kincaid; Wilfried Swenden (18 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nT8YpGSGDcIC&pg=PA179">Routledge Handbook of Regionalism and Federalism</a>. Routledge. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-72762-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-72762-7"><bdi>978-1-136-72762-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+Regionalism+and+Federalism&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-07-18&rft.isbn=978-1-136-72762-7&rft.au=John+Loughlin&rft.au=John+Kincaid&rft.au=Wilfried+Swenden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnT8YpGSGDcIC%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._O._DickersonThomas_FlanaganM._O._DickersonBrenda_O'Neill2009" class="citation book cs1">M. O. Dickerson; Thomas Flanagan; M. O. Dickerson; Brenda O'Neill; Thomas Flanagan; Brenda O'Neill (11 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LZKSMxXKQ6EC&pg=PA120">An Introduction to Government and Politics: A Conceptual Approach</a>. Cengage Learning. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650042-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650042-9"><bdi>978-0-17-650042-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Government+and+Politics%3A+A+Conceptual+Approach&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2009-03-11&rft.isbn=978-0-17-650042-9&rft.au=M.+O.+Dickerson&rft.au=Thomas+Flanagan&rft.au=M.+O.+Dickerson&rft.au=Brenda+O%27Neill&rft.au=Thomas+Flanagan&rft.au=Brenda+O%27Neill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLZKSMxXKQ6EC%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Orlowski2011" class="citation book cs1">Paul Orlowski (21 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oexQKlYx_lUC&pg=PA123">Teaching About Hegemony: Race, Class and Democracy in the 21st Century</a>. Springer. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-007-1418-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-007-1418-2"><bdi>978-94-007-1418-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teaching+About+Hegemony%3A+Race%2C+Class+and+Democracy+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011-06-21&rft.isbn=978-94-007-1418-2&rft.au=Paul+Orlowski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoexQKlYx_lUC%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Cross2011" class="citation book cs1">William Cross (1 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3d9G8yUG-9QC&pg=PA84">Political Parties</a>. UBC Press. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4111-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4111-5"><bdi>978-0-7748-4111-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-4111-5&rft.au=William+Cross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3d9G8yUG-9QC%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_FarnsworthZoë_M._Irving2011" class="citation book cs1">Kevin Farnsworth; Zoë M. Irving (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WxZJ56-Tno0C&pg=PA247">Social Policy in Challenging Times: Economic Crisis and Welfare Systems</a>. The Policy Press. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84742-827-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84742-827-1"><bdi>978-1-84742-827-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Policy+in+Challenging+Times%3A+Economic+Crisis+and+Welfare+Systems&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=The+Policy+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84742-827-1&rft.au=Kevin+Farnsworth&rft.au=Zo%C3%AB+M.+Irving&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWxZJ56-Tno0C%26pg%3DPA247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dyck2011-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Dyck2011_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRand_Dyck2011" class="citation book cs1">Rand Dyck (8 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BUOoN8e5Ps0C&pg=PA211">Canadian Politics: Concise</a>. Cengage Learning. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650343-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650343-7"><bdi>978-0-17-650343-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Politics%3A+Concise&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2011-03-08&rft.isbn=978-0-17-650343-7&rft.au=Rand+Dyck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBUOoN8e5Ps0C%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EvansGraaf2013-7"><a href="#cite_ref-EvansGraaf2013_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeoffrey_EvansNan_Dirk_de_Graaf2013" class="citation book cs1">Geoffrey Evans; Nan Dirk de Graaf (28 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bZhcx6hLOMMC&pg=PA167">Political Choice Matters: Explaining the Strength of Class and Religious Cleavages in Cross-National Perspective</a>. 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Retrieved 8 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois+look+to+future+for+success&rft.date=2013-04-20&rft.aulast=Heinrich&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fnews%2Fa9cois%2Blook%2Bfuture%2Bsuccess%2F8272497%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenarwhal.ca/muskrat-falls-hydro-dam-trudeau-bailout/">"Trudeau offers $5.2 billion bailout for Newfoundland and Labrador's beleaguered Muskrat Falls hydro dam"</a>. The Narwhal (Victoria, BC). 29 July 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2022. <q>Meanwhile, the Bloc Quebecois is decidedly against the bailout. It sees the money as an unfair advantage to N.L., because Hydro-Quebec and Nalcor are both Crown corporations with significant hydropower competing for New England markets..."In launching this project, the Newfoundland government made no secret of the fact that its objective was to harm Quebec, bypass Quebec territory and compete with Hydro-Quebec on export markets. "By announcing such funding, the government of Justin Trudeau is directly attacking Hydro-Quebec, which has been trying for several years to increase its electricity sales in the United States, one of the markets targeted by Muskrat Falls," the statement also reads. Hydro-Quebec declined to comment.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trudeau+offers+%245.2+billion+bailout+for+Newfoundland+and+Labrador%27s+beleaguered+Muskrat+Falls+hydro+dam&rft.pub=The+Narwhal+%28Victoria%2C+BC%29&rft.date=2021-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenarwhal.ca%2Fmuskrat-falls-hydro-dam-trudeau-bailout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/canada/191439/le-bloc-quebecois-demande-d-exempter-le-quebec-de-la-loi-sur-le-multiculturalisme">"Le Bloc québécois demande d'exempter le Québec de la Loi sur le multiculturalisme"</a>. Le Devoir (in French). 27 May 2008. 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CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150919011802/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/canada-election-2015-bloc-quebecois-niqab-pipeline-1.3234830">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois+targets+NDP+over+niqabs%2C+pipelines+in+controversial+new+ad&rft.date=2015-09-18&rft.aulast=Shingler&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmontreal%2Fcanada-election-2015-bloc-quebecois-niqab-pipeline-1.3234830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bloc-qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois-anti-niqab-ad-takes-aim-at-ndp-1.2974146">"Bloc Québécois anti-niqab ad takes aim at NDP"</a>. 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Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Digital Archives. 26 October 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219092100/http://www.cbc.ca/player/Digital+Archives/Politics/Federal+Politics/ID/1632493560/?page=6">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation+Digital+Archives&rft.atitle=Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois+forms+the+Opposition+in+1993+election&rft.date=1993-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fplayer%2FDigital%2BArchives%2FPolitics%2FFederal%2BPolitics%2FID%2F1632493560%2F%3Fpage%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren_Caragata_in_Ottawa_with_Carl_Mollins_in_Washington1995" class="citation web cs1">Warren Caragata in Ottawa with Carl Mollins in Washington (6 March 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090428054316/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=M1ARTM0010399">"Clinton visits Chrétien"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a>. 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Retrieved 22 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=Clinton+visits+Chr%C3%A9tien&rft.date=1995-03-06&rft.au=Warren+Caragata+in+Ottawa+with+Carl+Mollins+in+Washington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.com%2Findex.cfm%3FPgNm%3DTCE%26Params%3DM1ARTM0010399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/politics/federal-politics/separation-anxiety-the-1995-quebec-referendum/turning-the-yes-tide.html">"The 1995 Quebec referendum: Turning the 'Yes' tide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 30 October 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211091454/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/politics/federal-politics/separation-anxiety-the-1995-quebec-referendum/turning-the-yes-tide.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+1995+Quebec+referendum%3A+Turning+the+%27Yes%27+tide&rft.date=1995-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Farchives%2Fcategories%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal-politics%2Fseparation-anxiety-the-1995-quebec-referendum%2Fturning-the-yes-tide.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/politics/federal-politics/separation-anxiety-the-1995-quebec-referendum/a-common-front.html">"1995 Quebec referendum: A "Yes" alliance"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 12 June 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130210231431/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/politics/federal-politics/separation-anxiety-the-1995-quebec-referendum/a-common-front.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1995+Quebec+referendum%3A+A+%22Yes%22+alliance&rft.date=1995-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Farchives%2Fcategories%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal-politics%2Fseparation-anxiety-the-1995-quebec-referendum%2Fa-common-front.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardinal2005" class="citation book cs1">Cardinal, Mario (2005). Breaking Point: Quebec, Canada, The 1995 Referendum. 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Retrieved 26 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bloc+to+seek+party+status%2C+new+leader%3A+MP&rft.date=2011-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmontreal%2Fbloc-to-seek-party-status-new-leader-mp-1.1117297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110829173021/http://www.blocquebecois.org/Bloc.aspx?bloc=b9ce5ece-2021-43c3-a58b-bea951e2c974">"Louis Plamondon nommé chef parlementaire par intérim du Bloc Québécois"</a>. Bloc Quebecois. 2 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blocquebecois.org/bloc.aspx?bloc=b9ce5ece-2021-43c3-a58b-bea951e2c974">the original</a> on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Louis+Plamondon+nomm%C3%A9+chef+parlementaire+par+int%C3%A9rim+du+Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&rft.pub=Bloc+Quebecois&rft.date=2011-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blocquebecois.org%2Fbloc.aspx%3Fbloc%3Db9ce5ece-2021-43c3-a58b-bea951e2c974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlocLeadership-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BlocLeadership_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlocLeadership_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Files/Party.aspx?Item=a639384e-e1a0-4169-83da-904925139b6a&Language=E">"LEADERSHIP ROLES"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528182721/http://www.parl.gc.ca/ParlInfo/Files/Party.aspx?Item=a639384e-e1a0-4169-83da-904925139b6a&Language=E">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LEADERSHIP+ROLES&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Fparlinfo%2FFiles%2FParty.aspx%3FItem%3Da639384e-e1a0-4169-83da-904925139b6a%26Language%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110808114639/http://www.blocquebecois.org/Bloc.aspx?bloc=414b61d6-dccb-4398-8908-459a768bce22">"La course à la présidence du Bloc Québécois aura lieu du 18 septembre au 11 décembre 2011"</a>. Bloc Quebecois. 13 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blocquebecois.org/bloc.aspx?bloc=414b61d6-dccb-4398-8908-459a768bce22">the original</a> on 8 August 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+course+%C3%A0+la+pr%C3%A9sidence+du+Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois+aura+lieu+du+18+septembre+au+11+d%C3%A9cembre+2011&rft.pub=Bloc+Quebecois&rft.date=2011-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blocquebecois.org%2Fbloc.aspx%3Fbloc%3D414b61d6-dccb-4398-8908-459a768bce22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/news/Daniel+Paille+elected+Bloc+Quebecois+leader/5844249/story.html">"Daniel Paille elected Bloc Quebecois leader"</a>. The Gazette. Montreal. 11 December 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Daniel+Paille+elected+Bloc+Quebecois+leader&rft.date=2011-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fnews%2FDaniel%2BPaille%2Belected%2BBloc%2BQuebecois%2Bleader%2F5844249%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/daniel-paill%C3%A9-new-leader-of-bloc-qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois-1.1073544">"Daniel Paille new leader of Bloc Quebecois"</a> . <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>, 11 December 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/mulcair-calls-on-patry-to-resign-seat-after-defection-to-bloc-1.1303285">"Mulcair calls on Patry to resign seat after defection to Bloc"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 28 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130509123328/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2013/02/28/pol-mp-claude-patry-ndp-bloc-quebec-switch.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mulcair+calls+on+Patry+to+resign+seat+after+defection+to+Bloc&rft.date=2013-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fmulcair-calls-on-patry-to-resign-seat-after-defection-to-bloc-1.1303285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/bloc-kicks-out-mp-who-spoke-against-quebec-religious-symbols-ban/article14273942/">"Bloc kicks out MP who spoke against Quebec religious-symbols ban"</a>. The Globe and Mail. 12 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130912164623/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/bloc-kicks-out-mp-who-spoke-against-quebec-religious-symbols-ban/article14273942/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Bloc+kicks+out+MP+who+spoke+against+Quebec+religious-symbols+ban&rft.date=2013-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fbloc-kicks-out-mp-who-spoke-against-quebec-religious-symbols-ban%2Farticle14273942%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBC_News-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBC_News_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBC_News_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/daniel-paill%C3%A9-leader-of-bloc-qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois-to-resign-1.2465588">"Daniel Paillé, leader of Bloc Québécois, to resign"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. 16 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428015222/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/daniel-paill%C3%A9-leader-of-bloc-qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois-to-resign-1.2465588">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Daniel+Paill%C3%A9%2C+leader+of+Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois%2C+to+resign&rft.date=2013-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmontreal%2Fdaniel-paill%25C3%25A9-leader-of-bloc-qu%25C3%25A9b%25C3%25A9cois-to-resign-1.2465588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/health/Bloc+Quebecois+pick+leader+replace+Daniel+Paille/9376769/story.html">"Bloc Quebecois to pick new leader in May to replace Daniel Paille"</a>. The Gazette. 12 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140114175120/http://www.montrealgazette.com/health/Bloc+Quebecois+pick+leader+replace+Daniel+Paille/9376769/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Bloc+Quebecois+to+pick+new+leader+in+May+to+replace+Daniel+Paille&rft.date=2014-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fhealth%2FBloc%2BQuebecois%2Bpick%2Bleader%2Breplace%2BDaniel%2BPaille%2F9376769%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaz-63"><a href="#cite_ref-gaz_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140503003902/http://www.montrealgazette.com/a9cois%2Bleadership%2Bcandidate%2BMario%2BBeaulieu%2Bwants%2Bsovereignty%2Bback%2Bfront%2Bburner/9791663/story.html">"Bloc Québécois leadership candidate Mario Beaulieu wants to put sovereignty back on the front burner"</a>. The Gazette. Montreal. 30 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/a9cois+leadership+candidate+Mario+Beaulieu+wants+sovereignty+back+front+burner/9791663/story.html">the original</a> on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois+leadership+candidate+Mario+Beaulieu+wants+to+put+sovereignty+back+on+the+front+burner&rft.date=2014-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fa9cois%2Bleadership%2Bcandidate%2BMario%2BBeaulieu%2Bwants%2Bsovereignty%2Bback%2Bfront%2Bburner%2F9791663%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jean-francois-fortin-quits-bloc-says-party-no-longer-exists-under-new-leader-1.2734098?cmp=rss">"Jean-Francois Fortin quits Bloc, says party no longer exists under new leader"</a>. CBC News. 12 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428015222/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jean-francois-fortin-quits-bloc-says-party-no-longer-exists-under-new-leader-1.2734098?cmp=rss">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jean-Francois+Fortin+quits+Bloc%2C+says+party+no+longer+exists+under+new+leader&rft.date=2014-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjean-francois-fortin-quits-bloc-says-party-no-longer-exists-under-new-leader-1.2734098%3Fcmp%3Drss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/bloc-quebecois-mp-quits-party-pq-left-with-just-two-sitting-mps/article20191190/">"Another Bloc MP quits party, leaving only two in Parliament"</a>. The Globe and Mail. 25 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140825225459/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/bloc-quebecois-mp-quits-party-pq-left-with-just-two-sitting-mps/article20191190/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Another+Bloc+MP+quits+party%2C+leaving+only+two+in+Parliament&rft.date=2014-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fbloc-quebecois-mp-quits-party-pq-left-with-just-two-sitting-mps%2Farticle20191190%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://montreal.ctvnews.ca/bloc-quebecois-vp-annie-lessard-resigns-1.2167945">"Bloc Quebecois VP Annie Lessard resigns"</a>. CTV Montreal News. 31 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170426152752/http://montreal.ctvnews.ca/bloc-quebecois-vp-annie-lessard-resigns-1.2167945">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bloc+Quebecois+VP+Annie+Lessard+resigns&rft.pub=CTV+Montreal+News&rft.date=2014-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmontreal.ctvnews.ca%2Fbloc-quebecois-vp-annie-lessard-resigns-1.2167945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-back-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-back_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-back_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-back_67-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-back_67-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/gilles-duceppe-returns-to-lead-bloc-quebecois-1.2415002?hootPostID=062f4530d523c353466cfe09a9478b52">"illes Duceppe returns to lead Bloc Quebecois"</a>. CTV News. 10 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610222826/http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/gilles-duceppe-returns-to-lead-bloc-quebecois-1.2415002?hootPostID=062f4530d523c353466cfe09a9478b52">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=illes+Duceppe+returns+to+lead+Bloc+Quebecois&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fgilles-duceppe-returns-to-lead-bloc-quebecois-1.2415002%3FhootPostID%3D062f4530d523c353466cfe09a9478b52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rat-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rat_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rat_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/m/news/canada/montreal/gilles-duceppe-officially-named-leader-of-bloc-qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois-1.3135046">"Gilles Duceppe officially named leader of Bloc Québécois"</a>. CBC News. 1 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144719/http://www.cbc.ca/m/news/canada/montreal/gilles-duceppe-officially-named-leader-of-bloc-qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois-1.3135046">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gilles+Duceppe+officially+named+leader+of+Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fm%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmontreal%2Fgilles-duceppe-officially-named-leader-of-bloc-qu%25C3%25A9b%25C3%25A9cois-1.3135046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rat2-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rat2_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rat2_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/gilles-duceppe-returns-to-lead-bloc-quebecois/article24893180/">"Returning Bloc leader Gilles Duceppe targets NDP for fall election"</a>. 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Retrieved 17 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Federal+leaders+including+Trudeau+and+Scheer+converge+on+Quebec+before+byelection&rft.date=2018-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal-leaders-including-trudeau-and-scheer-in-quebec-ahead-of-byelection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/news/national/renegade-mps-to-return-to-bloc-quebecois-caucus">"Renegade MPS to return to Bloc Québécois caucus"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Renegade+MPS+to+return+to+Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois+caucus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Frenegade-mps-to-return-to-bloc-quebecois-caucus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlanchetWins-84"><a href="#cite_ref-BlanchetWins_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/yves-fran-ois-blanchet-new-bloc-leader-1.4981556">"Yves-François Blanchet becomes Bloc Québécois leader"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Surge+in+Bloc+Quebecois+popularity+%27a+little+bit+surprising%2C%27+says+Maxime+Bernier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F6052964%2Fbloc-quebecois-popularity-maxime-bernier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1355328/elections-resultats-quebec-province-bloc-quebecois-npd">"« Nous revenons de loin » : la résurgence du Bloc québécois se confirme"</a>. Radio-Canada (in French). Retrieved 12 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio-Canada&rft.atitle=%C2%AB+Nous+revenons+de+loin+%C2%BB+%3A+la+r%C3%A9surgence+du+Bloc+qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois+se+confirme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fici.radio-canada.ca%2Fnouvelle%2F1355328%2Felections-resultats-quebec-province-bloc-quebecois-npd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontpetit_·2019" class="citation web cs1">Montpetit ·, Jonathan (22 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/big-gains-for-the-bloc-qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois-but-what-did-it-sacrifice-in-the-process-1.5330056">"Big gains for the Bloc Québécois, but what did it sacrifice in the process? Social Sharing"</a>. CBC News. Retrieved 30 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Big+gains+for+the+Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois%2C+but+what+did+it+sacrifice+in+the+process%3F+Social+Sharing&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft.aulast=Montpetit+%C2%B7&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmontreal%2Fbig-gains-for-the-bloc-qu%25C3%25A9b%25C3%25A9cois-but-what-did-it-sacrifice-in-the-process-1.5330056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly2021" class="citation news cs1">Connolly, Amanda (20 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/8206478/canada-election-results-2021/">"Liberals projected to form minority government"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211229212410/https://globalnews.ca/news/8206478/canada-election-result">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Liberals+projected+to+form+minority+government&rft.date=2021-09-20&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F8206478%2Fcanada-election-results-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2021" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, John Paul (20 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-general-election-results-2021-1.6182364">"Canadians have re-elected a Liberal minority government"</a>. CBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120075227/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-general-election-results-2021-1.6182364">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canadians+have+re-elected+a+Liberal+minority+government&rft.date=2021-09-20&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal-general-election-results-2021-1.6182364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2023" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Erika (20 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/bloc-quebecois-blanchet-vote-of-confidence-1.6850721">"Blanchet maintains 97% support of Block Québécois members in vote of confidence"</a>. CBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Blanchet+maintains+97%25+support+of+Block+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois+members+in+vote+of+confidence&rft.date=2023-05-20&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Erika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmontreal%2Fbloc-quebecois-blanchet-vote-of-confidence-1.6850721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajor2024" class="citation web cs1">Major, Darren (10 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-byelections-test-singh-leadership-1.7317935">"Upcoming federal byelections will put Singh and the NDP brand to the test - NDP looking to both hold a Winnipeg seat and pull another away from the Liberals in Montreal"</a>. CBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Upcoming+federal+byelections+will+put+Singh+and+the+NDP+brand+to+the+test+-+NDP+looking+to+both+hold+a+Winnipeg+seat+and+pull+another+away+from+the+Liberals+in+Montreal&rft.date=2024-09-10&rft.aulast=Major&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fndp-byelections-test-singh-leadership-1.7317935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDon" class="citation news cs1">Don, Macpherson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181254/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Macpherson+Mario+Beaulieu+victory+shows+Bloc+irrelevance/9944189/story.html">"Mario Beaulieu's victory shows the Bloc's irrelevance"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Gazette_(Montreal)" title="The Gazette (Montreal)">The Gazette</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/news/Macpherson+Mario+Beaulieu+victory+shows+Bloc+irrelevance/9944189/story.html">the original</a> on 14 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Mario+Beaulieu%27s+victory+shows+the+Bloc%27s+irrelevance&rft.aulast=Don&rft.aufirst=Macpherson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fnews%2FMacpherson%2BMario%2BBeaulieu%2Bvictory%2Bshows%2BBloc%2Birrelevance%2F9944189%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/06/17/bloc-quebecois-mario-beaulieu-appel-au-calme-des-deputes_n_5502216.html">"Les députés bloquistes lancent un appel au calme"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>. 16 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714144354/http://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/06/17/bloc-quebecois-mario-beaulieu-appel-au-calme-des-deputes_n_5502216.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Les+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s+bloquistes+lancent+un+appel+au+calme&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquebec.huffingtonpost.ca%2F2014%2F06%2F17%2Fbloc-quebecois-mario-beaulieu-appel-au-calme-des-deputes_n_5502216.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagnon2014" class="citation news cs1">Gagnon, Lysiane (18 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/will-the-bloc-self-destruct/article19215051/#dashboard/follows/">"Will the Bloc Self-Destruct?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140622013719/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/will-the-bloc-self-destruct/article19215051/#dashboard/follows/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Will+the+Bloc+Self-Destruct%3F&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft.aulast=Gagnon&rft.aufirst=Lysiane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fglobe-debate%2Fwill-the-bloc-self-destruct%2Farticle19215051%2F%23dashboard%2Ffollows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://montreal.ctvnews.ca/peladeau-offers-tepid-support-for-bloc-quebecois-at-weekend-rally-for-leader-1.2388610">"Peladeau offers tepid support for Bloc Quebecois at weekend rally for leader"</a>. Montreal. 24 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150810200752/http://montreal.ctvnews.ca/peladeau-offers-tepid-support-for-bloc-quebecois-at-weekend-rally-for-leader-1.2388610">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Montreal&rft.atitle=Peladeau+offers+tepid+support+for+Bloc+Quebecois+at+weekend+rally+for+leader&rft.date=2015-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmontreal.ctvnews.ca%2Fpeladeau-offers-tepid-support-for-bloc-quebecois-at-weekend-rally-for-leader-1.2388610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/BDrainvillePQ/status/654390732942409728">"Bernard Drainville on Twitter: "Av @PJT2072 candidat du #Bloc ds Marc-Aur-Fortin & ERobillard de @kinosdesign, concepteur d'affiches de films, Laval""</a>. 14 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305145950/https://twitter.com/BDrainvillePQ/status/654390732942409728">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2017 – via Twitter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bernard+Drainville+on+Twitter%3A+%22Av+%40PJT2072+candidat+du+%23Bloc+ds+Marc-Aur-Fortin+%26+ERobillard+de+%40kinosdesign%2C+concepteur+d%27affiches+de+films%2C+Laval%22&rft.date=2015-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FBDrainvillePQ%2Fstatus%2F654390732942409728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/sbergeron/status/654399539793653760">"Stéphane Bergeron on Twitter: "Rencontre de presse suivie d'une visite, plus tôt, au CFP des Patriotes, en cie de @PKP_Qc, @daveturcotte & @caaths.""</a>. 14 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305135122/https://twitter.com/sbergeron/status/654399539793653760">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2017 – via Twitter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St%C3%A9phane+Bergeron+on+Twitter%3A+%22Rencontre+de+presse+suivie+d%27une+visite%2C+plus+t%C3%B4t%2C+au+CFP+des+Patriotes%2C+en+cie+de+%40PKP_Qc%2C+%40daveturcotte+%26+%40caaths.%22&rft.date=2015-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fsbergeron%2Fstatus%2F654399539793653760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/Maka_Kotto/status/650128869471703041">"Maka Kotto on Twitter: "Qui est le mieux placé pour représenter nos intérêts à Ottawa?: Le BLOC! @GillesDuceppe Bravo! Tu as surpassé nos attentes.""</a>. 2 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305134537/https://twitter.com/Maka_Kotto/status/650128869471703041">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2017 – via Twitter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maka+Kotto+on+Twitter%3A+%22Qui+est+le+mieux+plac%C3%A9+pour+repr%C3%A9senter+nos+int%C3%A9r%C3%AAts+%C3%A0+Ottawa%3F%3A+Le+BLOC%21+%40GillesDuceppe+Bravo%21+Tu+as+surpass%C3%A9+nos+attentes.%22&rft.date=2015-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FMaka_Kotto%2Fstatus%2F650128869471703041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/daveturcotte/status/654002067749666817">"Dave Turcotte on Twitter: "Rassemblement avec Catherine Fournier du #BlocQc et pkp_qc #TournéePQ #polqc #fed2015""</a>. 13 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307223127/https://twitter.com/daveturcotte/status/654002067749666817">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2017 – via Twitter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dave+Turcotte+on+Twitter%3A+%22Rassemblement+avec+Catherine+Fournier+du+%23BlocQc+et+pkp_qc+%23Tourn%C3%A9ePQ+%23polqc+%23fed2015%22&rft.date=2015-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fdaveturcotte%2Fstatus%2F654002067749666817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgnès_Maltais" class="citation web cs1">Agnès Maltais. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/AgnesMaltais/status/653232306979774464">"Agnès Maltais on Twitter: "Hier, j'ai voté pour Charles Mordret du Bloc Québécois. J'ai apposé ma croix avec fierté à côté de son nom.""</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161001173002/https://twitter.com/agnesmaltais/status/653232306979774464">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2017 – via Twitter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agn%C3%A8s+Maltais+on+Twitter%3A+%22Hier%2C+j%27ai+vot%C3%A9+pour+Charles+Mordret+du+Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois.+J%27ai+appos%C3%A9+ma+croix+avec+fiert%C3%A9+%C3%A0+c%C3%B4t%C3%A9+de+son+nom.%22&rft.au=Agn%C3%A8s+Maltais&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FAgnesMaltais%2Fstatus%2F653232306979774464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=8131817f-bf86-4739-9a70-6ef9de6f11b6&Language=E&Section=FederalExperience">"BELLAVANCE, André, B.A."</a> Parliament of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140427000223/http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=8131817f-bf86-4739-9a70-6ef9de6f11b6&Language=E&Section=FederalExperience">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BELLAVANCE%2C+Andr%C3%A9%2C+B.A.&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FFiles%2FParliamentarian.aspx%3FItem%3D8131817f-bf86-4739-9a70-6ef9de6f11b6%26Language%3DE%26Section%3DFederalExperience&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-poc-102"><a href="#cite_ref-poc_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Party.aspx?Item=a639384e-e1a0-4169-83da-904925139b6a&Section=ALL">"Bloc Québécois PARLINFO"</a>. Parliament of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140426202102/http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Party.aspx?Item=a639384e-e1a0-4169-83da-904925139b6a&Section=ALL">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois+PARLINFO&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FFiles%2FParty.aspx%3FItem%3Da639384e-e1a0-4169-83da-904925139b6a%26Section%3DALL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DuceppeReturns-103"><a href="#cite_ref-DuceppeReturns_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150810102600/http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=ed3d4160-8a5a-4efc-a0a6-d65deeb994d9&Language=E">"DUCEPPE, Gilles"</a>. House of Commons of Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/ParlInfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=ed3d4160-8a5a-4efc-a0a6-d65deeb994d9&Language=E">the original</a> on 10 August 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DUCEPPE%2C+Gilles&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlInfo%2FFiles%2FParliamentarian.aspx%3FItem%3Ded3d4160-8a5a-4efc-a0a6-d65deeb994d9%26Language%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABloc+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(in French) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blocquebecois.org/">Bloc Québécois website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220142720/http://www.pdac.ca/docs/default-source/public-affairs/bloc-quebecois-platform.pdf?sfvrsn=6">2011 election platform</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://habeascorpuscanada.50webs.com/tripartiteagreement12June1995.html">Text of the 1995 tripartite agreement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130714003044/http://habeascorpuscanada.50webs.com/tripartiteagreement12June1995.html">Archived</a> 14 July 2013 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></li> <li>(in French) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/dossiers/constitution/">SRC dossier on the constitutional saga</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/227/*/http://blocquebecois.org/">Bloc Québécois – Canadian Political Parties and Political Interest Groups</a> – Web Archive created by the University of Toronto Libraries</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Template:Bloc Québécois"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Template talk:Bloc Québécois"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bloc Québécois"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bloc_Québécois" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bloc Québécois</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#87cefa;;width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bouchard" title="Lucien Bouchard">Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Duceppe</a> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Gauthier" title="Michel Gauthier">Gauthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Duceppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Barbot" title="Vivian Barbot">Barbot</a> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Paill%C3%A9" title="Daniel Paillé">Paillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu" title="Mario Beaulieu">Beaulieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Duceppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin" title="Rhéal Fortin">Fortin</a> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martine_Ouellet" title="Martine Ouellet">Ouellet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Beaulieu (politician)">Beaulieu</a> (Interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Blanchet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#87cefa;;width:1%">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="1996 Bloc Québécois leadership election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="1997 Bloc Québécois leadership election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2011 Bloc Québécois leadership election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2014 Bloc Québécois leadership election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2017 Bloc Québécois leadership election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2019 Bloc Québécois leadership election">2019</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#87cefa;;width:1%">Parliamentary election candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2004_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2004 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#87cefa;;width:1%">Shadow cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_39th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Bloc Québécois Shadow Cabinet of the 39th Parliament of Canada">Duceppe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_40th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Bloc Québécois Shadow Cabinet of the 40th Parliament of Canada">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_41st_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Bloc Québécois Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Parliament of Canada">Plamondon/Bellavance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_42nd_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Bloc Québécois Shadow Cabinet of the 42nd Parliament of Canada">Fortin/Ouellet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_44th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Bloc Québécois Shadow Cabinet of the 44th Parliament of Canada">Blanchet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#87cefa;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_elections" title="Bloc Québécois leadership elections">Bloc Québécois leadership elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereignty_movement" title="Quebec sovereignty movement">Quebec sovereignty movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_political_parties_and_parliamentary_groups_in_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_federal_political_parties" title="Template:Canadian federal political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_federal_political_parties" title="Template talk:Canadian federal political 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href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> (119)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bloc Québécois</a> (33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> (25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (4)</li> <li>Vacant (2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Senators_Group" title="Independent Senators Group">Independent Senators Group</a> (41)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Senators_Group" title="Canadian Senators Group">Canadian Senators Group</a> (18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Non-affiliated</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Senate_Group" title="Progressive Senate Group">Progressive Senate Group</a> (14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada#Senate_Caucus" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> (12)</li> <li>Vacant (5)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other registered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Protection_Party_of_Canada" title="Animal Protection Party of Canada">Animal Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrist_Party_of_Canada" title="Centrist Party of Canada">Centrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada" title="Communist Party of Canada">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Party_Canada" title="Free Party Canada">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Future_Party" title="Canadian Future Party">Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Canada" title="Libertarian Party of Canada">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Party_(Canada)" title="Marijuana Party (Canada)">Marijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maverick_Party" title="Maverick Party">Maverick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_Party" title="Rhinoceros Party">Rhinoceros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable historical parties and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Confederation_Party" title="Anti-Confederation Party">Anti-Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_populaire" title="Bloc populaire">Bloc populaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Representative_Caucus" title="Democratic Representative Caucus">Democratic Representative Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Group" title="Ginger Group">Ginger Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_candidates_and_parties_in_Canada" title="Labour candidates and parties in Canada">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-Progressive_Party" title="Labor-Progressive Party">Labor-Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Canada)" title="New Democracy (Canada)">New Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Party of Canada">Progressive/United Farmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Québec debout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralliement_cr%C3%A9ditiste" title="Ralliement créditiste">Ralliement créditiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Party_of_Canada" title="Reconstruction Party of Canada">Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Liberal_Caucus" title="Senate Liberal Caucus">Senate Liberal Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_of_Canada" title="Social Credit Party of Canada">Social Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_in_Democracy" title="Strength in Democracy">Strength in Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Canada)" title="Unionist Party (Canada)">Unionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(Canada)" title="Unity (Canada)">Unity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicate a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group" title="Parliamentary group">parliamentary group</a> that acts as a party in the legislature, but does not contest elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Portal:Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics of Canada</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Quebec_sovereignty_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Quebec_sovereignty_movement" title="Template:Quebec sovereignty movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Quebec_sovereignty_movement" title="Template talk:Quebec sovereignty movement"><abbr title="Discuss this 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franc%C5%93ur_Motion" title="Francœur Motion">Francœur Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Crisis" title="October Crisis">October Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Quebec_referendum" title="1980 Quebec referendum">1980 referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Quebec_referendum" title="1995 Quebec referendum">1995 referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_Respecting_the_Future_of_Quebec" title="Act Respecting the Future of Quebec">Act Respecting the Future of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Contingency_Act" title="Quebec Contingency Act">Quebec Contingency Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_Re_Secession_of_Quebec" title="Reference Re Secession of Quebec">Reference Re Secession of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarity_Act" title="Clarity Act">Clarity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_99" title="Bill 99">Bill 99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Montreal_shooting" title="2012 Montreal shooting">2012 Montreal shooting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bloc Québécois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forum_jeunesse_du_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Forum jeunesse du Bloc Québécois">Forum jeunesse du Bloc Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climat_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Climat Québec">Climat Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Intellectuels_pour_la_souverainet%C3%A9" title="Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté">Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_national_des_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9coises_et_des_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Mouvement national des Québécoises et des Québécois">Mouvement national des Québécoises et des Québécois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Quebec" title="Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec">Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_solidaire" title="Québec solidaire">Québec solidaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_de_R%C3%A9sistance_du_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Réseau de Résistance du Québécois">Réseau de Résistance du Québécois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Baptiste_Society" title="Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society">Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front_de_lib%C3%A9ration_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Front de libération du Québec">Front de libération du Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_front_de_lib%C3%A9ration_populaire" title="Le front de libération populaire">Le front de libération populaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_de_lib%C3%A9ration_nationale_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec">Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_nationale" title="Option nationale">Option nationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partenaires_pour_la_souverainet%C3%A9" title="Partenaires pour la souveraineté">Partenaires pour la souveraineté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_r%C3%A9publique_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Parti république du Québec">Parti république du Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_socialiste_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Parti socialiste du Québec">Parti socialiste du Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_d%C3%A9mocratique_pour_l%27ind%C3%A9pendance" title="Rassemblement démocratique pour l'indépendance">Rassemblement démocratique pour l'indépendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_pour_l%27Ind%C3%A9pendance_Nationale" title="Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale">Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%27Action_nationale" title="L'Action nationale">L'Action nationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27aut%27journal" title="L'aut'journal">L'aut'journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_Point_(2005_film)" title="Breaking Point (2005 film)">Breaking Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Devoir" title="Le Devoir">Le Devoir</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gens_du_pays" title="Gens du pays">Gens du pays</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Jour" title="Le Jour">Le Jour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Le Journal de Montréal">Le Journal de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Le Journal de Québec">Le Journal de Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Maison-Bleue" title="La Maison-Bleue">La Maison-Bleue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Le Québécois">Le Québécois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_I_Am_a_Separatist" title="Why I Am a Separatist">Why I Am a Separatist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pur_et_dur" title="Pur et dur">Pur et dur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Quebec nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lower_Canada" title="Republic of Lower Canada">Republic of Lower Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Lower_Canada" title="Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada">Declaration 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