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id="toc-Maniot_Greek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maniot_Greek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Maniot Greek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maniot_Greek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pontic_Greek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pontic_Greek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Pontic Greek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pontic_Greek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thracian_Greek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thracian_Greek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Thracian Greek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thracian_Greek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sarakatsanika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarakatsanika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Sarakatsanika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarakatsanika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsakonian_Greek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsakonian_Greek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Tsakonian Greek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsakonian_Greek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yevanic_Greek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yevanic_Greek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Yevanic Greek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yevanic_Greek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek_Sign_Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_Sign_Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Greek Sign Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_Sign_Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minority_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minority_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Minority languages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Minority_languages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Minority languages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Minority_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Albanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albanian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Albanian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albanian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arvanitika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arvanitika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Arvanitika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arvanitika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armenian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Armenian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aromanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aromanian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Aromanian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aromanian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Megleno-Romanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Megleno-Romanian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Megleno-Romanian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Megleno-Romanian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slavic_dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slavic_dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Slavic dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slavic_dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bulgarian_and_Macedonian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulgarian_and_Macedonian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Bulgarian and Macedonian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulgarian_and_Macedonian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ladino" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ladino"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Ladino</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ladino-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Romani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Russian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Turkish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greco-Turkic_or_Urum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greco-Turkic_or_Urum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Greco-Turkic or Urum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greco-Turkic_or_Urum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Georgian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunanistan%27da_konu%C5%9Fulan_diller" title="Yunanistan'da konuşulan diller – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yunanistan'da konuşulan diller" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3347069#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#efefef;">Languages of Greece</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek (Demotic)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_language" title="Regional language">Regional</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Greek" title="Cretan Greek">Cretan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greek" title="Cappadocian Greek">Cappadocian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek" title="Pontic Greek">Pontic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maniots#Maniot_dialect" title="Maniots">Maniot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thracian_language" title="Thracian language">Thracian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsakonian_language" title="Tsakonian language">Tsakonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">Minority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">Foreign</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> (51%)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> (9%)<br /><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (8.5%)<br /><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> (8%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Signed</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Sign_Language" title="Greek Sign Language">Greek Sign Language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">Keyboard layout</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;">Greek keyboard<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KB_Greek.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/KB_Greek.svg/200px-KB_Greek.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/KB_Greek.svg/300px-KB_Greek.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/KB_Greek.svg/400px-KB_Greek.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="301" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Greece" title="Category:Greece">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Culture of Greece</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/100px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/150px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/200px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greece" title="History of Greece">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Ancient regions</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tribes" title="List of ancient Greek tribes">tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greeks" title="Byzantine Greeks">Byzantine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greeks" title="Ottoman Greeks">Ottoman Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Greco-Roman_polytheism" class="mw-redirect" title="Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism">Christianization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation" title="Greek colonisation">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="List of Greek coups d'état">Coups d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Greece" title="Demographic history of Greece">Demographic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_modern_Greece" title="Demographic history of modern Greece">Modern</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Greece_and_the_Greek_world" title="Economic history of Greece and the Greek world">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_name_changes_in_Greece" title="Geographical name changes in Greece">Geographical name changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_Greek_countries_and_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic Greek countries and regions">Greek countries and regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Muslims" title="Greek Muslims">Greek Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_scholars_in_the_Renaissance" title="Greek scholars in the Renaissance">Renaissance scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_languages" title="Hellenic languages">Hellenic languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek_language" title="Proto-Greek language">Proto-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Greek inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language_question" title="Greek language question">Language question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece" title="Military history of Greece">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Greece" title="Monarchy of Greece">Monarchy</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Greece" title="List of kings of Greece">Kings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_royal_family" title="Greek royal family">royal family</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanariotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phanariotes">Phanariotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">Polis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey" title="Population exchange between Greece and Turkey">Population exchange of 1923</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">People</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology of Greece">Mythology</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Greece" title="Public holidays in Greece">Festivals</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Ancient religion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_religion" title="Mycenaean religion">Origins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Modern Revival</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerico" title="Aerico">Aerico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism_in_Greece" title="Category:Buddhism in Greece">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Greece" title="Catholic Church in Greece">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosoulites" title="Drosoulites">Drosoulites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> (Timeline: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(33%E2%80%93717)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (33–717)">Antiquity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(717%E2%80%931204)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (717–1204)">Early Middle Ages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(1204%E2%80%931453)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (1204–1453)">Late Middle Ages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(1453%E2%80%931821)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (1453–1821)">Early Modern Era</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(1821%E2%80%931924)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (1821–1924)">19th century</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(1924%E2%80%931974)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (1924–1974)">Early 20th century</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(1974%E2%80%932008)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (1974–2008)">Late 20th century</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(from_2008)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (from 2008)">Contemporary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greek_fairy_tales" title="Category:Greek fairy tales">Fairy tales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gello" title="Gello">Gello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Flag of the Greek Orthodox Church">Flag</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Old_Calendarists" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Old Calendarists">Greek Old Calendarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Greece" title="Hinduism in Greece">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertimos" title="Hypertimos">Hypertimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Greece" title="Islam in Greece">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Judaism_in_Greece" title="Category:Judaism in Greece">Judaism</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Greece" title="History of the Jews in Greece">History</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallikantzaros" title="Kallikantzaros">Kallikantzaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamia" title="Lamia">Lamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormo" title="Mormo">Mormo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Mythology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Primordial deities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan (mythology)">Titans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jason" title="Jason">Jason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perseus" title="Perseus">Perseus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daedalus" title="Daedalus">Daedalus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bellerophon" title="Bellerophon">Bellerephon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">Satyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaur</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Greece" title="Protestantism in Greece">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychai" title="Psychai">Psychai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Greece" title="Sikhism in Greece">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterion" title="Thymiaterion">Thymiaterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_days_in_Greece" title="Name days in Greece">Name days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrykolakas" title="Vrykolakas">Vrykolakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayside_shrine" title="Wayside shrine">Wayside shrine</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Greece">Art</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Greece">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Ancient (to 4th century AD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_literature" title="Byzantine literature">Byzantine (4th–15th century)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_literature" title="Modern Greek literature">Modern (post 11th century)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greece" title="Music of Greece">Music</a> and performing arts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_theatre" title="Modern Greek theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Greece">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio in Greece">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Greece" title="Television in Greece">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Greece" title="Cinema of Greece">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Greece" title="Sport in Greece">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_in_Greece" title="Baseball in Greece">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_in_Greece" title="Basketball in Greece">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Greece" title="Cricket in Greece">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Greece" title="Football in Greece">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_in_Greece" title="Hockey in Greece">Hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_Greece" title="Ice hockey in Greece">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_Olympics" title="Greece at the Olympics">Modern Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896</a>, <a href="/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games" title="1906 Intercalated Games">1906</a>, <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_in_Greece" title="Rugby league in Greece">Rugby league</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Greece" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Greece">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Greece" title="Flag of Greece">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Greece" title="Coat of arms of Greece">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Greece">National anthem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/17px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/26px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/34px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Greece" title="Portal:Greece">Greece portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Greece" title="Template:Culture of Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Greece" title="Template talk:Culture of Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The official language of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> is <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, spoken by 99% of the population. In addition, a number of non-official, minority languages and some Greek dialects are spoken as well. The most common foreign languages learned by Greeks are English, German, French and Italian. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Greek">Modern Greek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Modern Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg/200px-Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg/300px-Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg/400px-Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>The distribution of major modern Greek dialect areas.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Greek language">Modern Greek language</a> (Νεοελληνική γλώσσα) is the only official language of the Hellenic Republic, and is spoken by some 99.5% of the population — about 11,100,000 people<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (though not necessarily as a first language). <a href="/wiki/Standard_Modern_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Modern Greek">Standard Modern Greek</a> is the officially used standard, but there are several non-official dialects and distinct <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_languages" title="Hellenic languages">Hellenic languages</a> spoken as well. Regional spoken dialects exist side by side with learned, archaic written forms. All surviving forms of modern Greek, except the <a href="/wiki/Tsakonian_language" title="Tsakonian language">Tsakonian language</a>, are descendants of the common supra-regional (<i>koiné</i>) as it was spoken in late antiquity. As such, they can ultimately be classified as descendants of <a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic Greek</a>, the dialect spoken in and around <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> in the classical era. Tsakonian, an isolated dialect spoken today by a dwindling community in the Peloponnese, is a descendant of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Doric dialect</a>. Some other dialects have preserved elements of various ancient non-Attic dialects, but Attic Koine is nevertheless regarded by most scholars as the principal source of all of them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cappadocian_Greek">Cappadocian Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cappadocian Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greek" title="Cappadocian Greek">Cappadocian Greek</a> (Καππαδοκικά) is a <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_languages" title="Hellenic languages">Hellenic language</a> originally spoken in <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a> and since the 1920s spoken in Greece. It has very few speakers and was previously thought to be extinct. The Cappadocians rapidly shifted to Standard Modern Greek and their language was thought to be extinct since the 1960s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cretan_Greek">Cretan Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cretan Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Greek" title="Cretan Greek">Cretan Greek</a> is spoken by more than 500,000 people on the island of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, as well as in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Diaspora">Greek Diaspora</a>. It is rarely used in written language, and differs much less from Standard Greek than other varieties. The Cretan dialect is spoken by the majority of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_Greeks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cretan Greeks (page does not exist)">Cretan Greeks</a> in the island of Crete, as well as by several thousand Cretans who have settled in major Greek cities, notably in Athens, and in areas settled by Ottoman-era Cretan <a href="/wiki/Greek_Muslims" title="Greek Muslims">Greek Muslims</a> (the so-called <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Turks">Cretan Turks</a>), such as the town of <a href="/wiki/Al-Hamidiyah" title="Al-Hamidiyah">Al-Hamidiyah</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cypriot_Greek">Cypriot Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cypriot Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot Greek</a> (Κυπριακή διάλεκτος) is spoken by <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a>. In Cyprus about 659,115 (in 2011) spoke the language, and many of them settled in Greek cities. The language is prevalent in many other parts of the world including Australia, Canada and the Americas. The total speakers are about 1.20 million people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maniot_Greek">Maniot Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Maniot Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Maniots#Maniot_dialect" title="Maniots">Maniot Greek dialect</a> (Μανιάτικη διάλεκτος) of the local area of <a href="/wiki/Mani_Peninsula" title="Mani Peninsula">Mani</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pontic_Greek">Pontic Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pontic Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek" title="Pontic Greek">Pontic Greek</a> (Ποντιακή διάλεκτος) is a <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_languages" title="Hellenic languages">Hellenic language</a> originally spoken in <a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Greeks" title="Caucasus Greeks">Caucasus Greeks</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a> region, although now mostly spoken in Greece by some 500,000 people. The linguistic lineage of Pontic Greek stems from <a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic Greek</a> via <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Greek">Byzantine Greek</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thracian_Greek">Thracian Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Thracian Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thracian_Greek_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thracian Greek dialect (page does not exist)">Thracian Greek dialect</a> is spoken mainly in <a href="/wiki/Western_Thrace" title="Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a> and by the Greek minority in other areas of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> outside the <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek borders</a>, and by greek refugees who came from East Thrace in Macedonia mainly </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sarakatsanika">Sarakatsanika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sarakatsanika"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An archaic dialect of Greek spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Sarakatsani" title="Sarakatsani">Sarakatsani</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Macedonia">Greek Macedonia</a> and elsewhere in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Greece" title="Northern Greece">Northern Greece</a>, a traditionally transhument, clan-based community of mountain shepherds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tsakonian_Greek">Tsakonian Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tsakonian Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The little-spoken <a href="/wiki/Tsakonian_language" title="Tsakonian language">Tsakonian language</a> (Τσακωνική διάλεκτος) is used by some in the <a href="/wiki/Tsakonia" title="Tsakonia">Tsakonia</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>. The language is split into three dialects: Northern, Southern, and Propontis. The language is spoken by 1,200 people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yevanic_Greek">Yevanic Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Yevanic Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Jewish dialect of Greek</a> (Ρωμανιώτικη διάλεκτος) spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Romaniotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Romaniotes">Romaniotes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a> is almost completely extinct today. There are a total of roughly 50 speakers, around 35 of whom now reside in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. The language may still be used by some elderly Romaniotes in <a href="/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina">Ioannina</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Greek_Sign_Language">Greek Sign Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Greek Sign Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Greek_Sign_Language" title="Greek Sign Language">Greek Sign Language</a> (Ελληνική Νοηματική Γλώσσα) is the sign language of the Greek deaf community. It has been legally recognised as the official language of the Deaf Community in Greece and is estimated to be used by about 42,000 signers (12,000 children and 30,000 active adult users) in 1986. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minority_languages">Minority languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Minority languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greece_linguistic_minorities.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Greece_linguistic_minorities.svg/180px-Greece_linguistic_minorities.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Greece_linguistic_minorities.svg/270px-Greece_linguistic_minorities.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Greece_linguistic_minorities.svg/360px-Greece_linguistic_minorities.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption>Regions with a traditional presence of languages other than Greek. Greek is today spoken as the dominant language throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albanian">Albanian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Albanian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Albanian_communities_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian communities in Greece">Albanian communities in Greece</a></div> <p>Since the 1990s, large numbers of Albanian immigrants have arrived in Greece, forming the largest immigrant group (443,550 in the 2001 census). Due to immigration, Albanian is considered as one of the widely spoken foreign languages in the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arvanitika">Arvanitika</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Arvanitika"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike the recent immigrants from Albania, the <a href="/wiki/Arvanites" title="Arvanites">Arvanites</a> are a centuries-old local Albanian-speaking Greek community living in parts of Greece especially in the south. Their language, now in danger of extinction, is known as <a href="/wiki/Arvanitika" title="Arvanitika">Arvanitika</a>. Their number has been estimated as between 30,000 and 140,000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian">Armenian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Armenian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Greece" title="Armenians in Greece">Armenians in Greece</a></div> <p>Of the 35,000 <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> in Greece today, some 20,000 speak the language.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Need the year this event took place (May 2018)">year needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aromanian">Aromanian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Aromanian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-balkans-vlachs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Map-balkans-vlachs.png/180px-Map-balkans-vlachs.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Map-balkans-vlachs.png/270px-Map-balkans-vlachs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Map-balkans-vlachs.png/360px-Map-balkans-vlachs.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>The distribution of Romanians and Vlachs in the Balkans (Aromanians marked in red).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Aromanians" title="Aromanians">Aromanians</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Vlachs" title="Vlachs">Vlachs</a>, are a population group linguistically related to <a href="/wiki/Romanian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian people">Romanians</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Romance_languages" title="Eastern Romance languages">Eastern Romance language</a>. It is spoken by the around 250,000 <a href="/wiki/Aromanians_in_Greece" title="Aromanians in Greece">Aromanians in Greece</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Megleno-Romanian">Megleno-Romanian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Megleno-Romanian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanian_language" title="Megleno-Romanian language">Megleno-Romanian</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance language</a> spoken in Greece and <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>. There are roughly 2,500 speakers in Greece. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavic_dialects">Slavic dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Slavic dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Slavic_dialects_of_Greece" title="Slavic dialects of Greece">Slavic dialects of Greece</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bulgarian_and_Macedonian">Bulgarian and Macedonian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bulgarian and Macedonian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Greece, <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> dialects <a href="/wiki/Heteronomous_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Heteronomous language">heteronomous</a> with standard Bulgarian and <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> are spoken; however, the speakers do not all identify their language with their national identity. Some historians consider the local Macedonian dialect as a Bulgarian dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some prefer to identify as <i>dopii</i> and their dialect as <i>dopia</i> which mean <i>local</i> or <i>indigenous</i> in Greek. </p><p>According to Riki van Boeschoten, the Slavic dialects of Greek Macedonia are divided into three main dialects (Eastern, Central and Western), of which the <a href="/wiki/Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop_dialect" title="Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect">Eastern dialect</a> used in the areas of <a href="/wiki/Serres" title="Serres">Serres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">Drama</a> is closer to <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Solun-Voden_dialect" title="Solun-Voden dialect">Central dialect</a> used in the area between <a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonica">Salonica</a> is an intermediate between Macedonian and Bulgarian.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, there are an estimated 30,000 native speakers of <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Thrace" title="Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it is referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomak</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ladino">Ladino</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ladino"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_Thessaloniki_1896.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Calendar_Thessaloniki_1896.jpg/180px-Calendar_Thessaloniki_1896.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Calendar_Thessaloniki_1896.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption>1896 <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">calendar</a> from <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> written in <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladino_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladino language">Ladino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ladino_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladino language">Ladino</a>, the Judeo-Spanish language, was traditionally spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Sephardic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic">Sephardic</a> community in Greece, particularly in the city of <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, where, at their peak percentage, they made up 56% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many of Greece's Jews were murdered in World War II, and a large number emigrated to Israel after 1948. It is maintained today by between 2,000 and 8,000 people in Greece. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romani">Romani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Romani"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Roma_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma in Greece">Roma in Greece</a></div> <p>In the population of 200,000 to 300,000 <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a>, or Gypsy, people in Greece today, the <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani language</a> is spoken widely. Romani is an <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Aryan language">Indo-Aryan language</a> similar to many Indian languages, due to the origins of the Roma people in northern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. The dialect spoken in Greece (as well as in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>) is known as <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Romani" title="Balkan Romani">Balkan Romani</a>. There are 160,000 Romani speakers in Greece today (90% of the Roma population).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian">Russian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Russian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> has become widely spoken in Greece, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Macedonia">Greek Macedonia</a> and other parts of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Greece" title="Northern Greece">Northern Greece</a>, mainly by wealthy Russians settled in Greece and Russian speaking economic migrants who went there in the 1990s. Russian is also spoken as a second or third language by many <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a> from <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Georgia" title="Greeks in Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeks in Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeks in Russia">Russia</a> who settled in Greece in large numbers in the same period. The older generation of <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Greeks" title="Caucasus Greeks">Caucasus Greeks</a> settled mainly in <a href="/wiki/Salonika" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonika">Salonika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilkis" title="Kilkis">Kilkis</a> and elsewhere in <a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a> in circa 1920 also speak Russian as a second language, as do most Greeks who had settled in <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Greeks in the Czech Republic">Czechoslovakia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeks in Russia and the Soviet Union">USSR</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> states following the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a>, returning to Greece mainly in the early 1990s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkish">Turkish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Turkish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> is one of the most widely spoken minority languages in Greece today, with approximately 50,000 to 60,000 speakers. Turkish sources claim that as many as 128,000 people consist the minority group, but this is unlikely. According to <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i>, in 2014 there were 40,000 Turkish speakers in Greece, including 9,700 native speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These are usually defined as <a href="/wiki/Western_Thrace_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Thrace Turks">Western Thrace Turks</a>. Traditionally, there were many more Turkish speakers in Greece, due to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">long period of Ottoman rule</a>. But after the <a href="/wiki/Exchange_of_populations_between_Greece_and_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey">exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey</a>, a much smaller number remain, with even Turkish-speaking <a href="/wiki/Greek_Muslims" title="Greek Muslims">Greek Muslims</a> forcibly expatriated to Turkey in 1923. The Turkish-speaking population of Greece is mainly concentrated in the region of <a href="/wiki/East_Macedonia_and_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="East Macedonia and Thrace">East Macedonia and Thrace</a>. Turkish speakers also make up a large part of Greece's <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Greece" title="Islam in Greece">Muslim</a> minority. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greco-Turkic_or_Urum">Greco-Turkic or Urum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Greco-Turkic or Urum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This refers to the hybrid Greco-Turkish dialect spoken by the so-called <a href="/wiki/Urums" title="Urums">Urums</a> or those who define themselves as Greek from the <a href="/wiki/Tsalka" title="Tsalka">Tsalka</a> (mainly Pontians) region of central <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> and also to the Greco-Tatar dialect spoken by ethnic <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeks in Ukraine">Greeks in Ukraine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>. Most speakers of Urum now live in mainly <a href="/wiki/Northern_Greece" title="Northern Greece">Northern Greece</a>, having left Georgia in the 1990s the sold tons of rum, although many of those from Crimea and southeastern <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> are still living in these areas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgian">Georgian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Georgian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> is widely spoken particularly in <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> and other parts of <a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Macedonia">Greek Macedonia</a> by economic migrants who settled in Greece in the 1990s. As well as ethnic <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a>, these include those defined as <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Greeks" title="Caucasus Greeks">Caucasus Greeks</a> or ethnic <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Georgia" title="Greeks in Georgia">Greeks in Georgia</a>, from especially the south of the country and the <a href="/wiki/Tsalka" title="Tsalka">Tsalka</a> region in the centre.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Greece&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106183351/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf">"SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 386 Europeans and their Languages"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ec.europa.eu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-01-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SPECIAL+EUROBAROMETER+386+Europeans+and+their+Languages&rft.pub=ec.europa.eu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fpublic_opinion%2Farchives%2Febs%2Febs_386_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Greece" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf">Europeans and their Languages</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greece/">"Greece"</a>, <i>The World Factbook</i>, Central Intelligence Agency, 2025-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-10</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Greece&rft.date=2025-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fgreece%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Greece" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=GR&seq=10">etchnologue.com</a> Euromosaic, <i>Le (slavo)macédonien / bulgare en Grèce</i>, <i>L'arvanite / albanais en Grèce</i>, <i>Le valaque/aromoune-aroumane en Grèce</i>, and Mercator-Education: European Network for Regional or Minority Languages and Education, <i>The Turkish language in education in Greece</i>. cf. also P. Trudgill, "Greece and European Turkey: From Religious to Linguistic Identity", in S Barbour, C Carmichael (eds.), <i>Language and nationalism in Europe</i>, Oxford University Press 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.eurac.edu:8085/mugs2/do/blob.html?type=html&serial=1044526702223">dev.eurac.edu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030523145306/http://dev.eurac.edu:8085/mugs2/do/blob.html?type=html&serial=1044526702223">Archived</a> 2003-05-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boeschoten, Riki van (1993): Minority Languages in Northern Greece. Study Visit to Florina, Aridea, (Report to the European Commission, Brussels) "The Western dialect is used in Florina and Kastoria and is closest to the language used north of the border, the Eastern dialect is used in the areas of Serres and Drama and is closest to Bulgarian, the Central dialect is used in the area between Edessa and Salonica and forms an intermediate dialect"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bul">ethnologue.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmth.gr/web/thejews/pages/pages/history/pages/his.htm">jmth.gr</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081226001725/http://www.jmth.gr/web/thejews/pages/pages/history/pages/his.htm">Archived</a> 2008-12-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://romani.uni-graz.at/rombase/cd/data/lang/gen/data/numbers.en.pdf">romani.uni-graz.at</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GR/languages">Greece - Languages</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=GR">Ethnologue - Languages of Greece</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pnt">Ethnologue - Pontic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=yej">Ethnologue - Yevanic</a></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/copyright-and-contributors/">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/"><i>The World Factbook</i></a> (2025 ed.). <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.edition=2025&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Greece" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2006.zip">(Archived 2006 edition.)</a> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Greece84" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Greece" title="Template:Languages of Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Greece" title="Template talk:Languages of Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Greece84" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages of Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Greek" title="Cretan Greek">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greek" title="Cappadocian Greek">Cappadocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek" title="Pontic Greek">Pontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maniots#Maniot_dialect" title="Maniots">Maniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano-Greek language">Romano-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakonian_language" title="Tsakonian language">Tsakonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Sign_Language" title="Greek Sign Language">Greek Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvanitika" title="Arvanitika">Arvanitika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia" title="Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia">Macedonian Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanian_language" title="Megleno-Romanian language">Megleno-Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomak_language" title="Pomak language">Pomak Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Romani" title="Balkan Romani">Balkan Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlax_Romani_language" title="Vlax Romani language">Vlax Romani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Europe124" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Europe" title="Template:Languages of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Languages of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Europe124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">Languages of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Albania" title="Languages of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Andorra" title="Languages of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Armenia" title="Languages of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Austria" title="Languages of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Azerbaijan" title="Languages of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Belarus" title="Languages of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Belgium" title="Languages of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bulgaria" title="Languages of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cyprus" title="Languages of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Denmark" title="Languages of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Estonia" title="Languages of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Finland" title="Languages of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_France" title="Languages of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Germany" title="Languages of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hungary" title="Languages of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iceland" title="Languages of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ireland" title="Languages of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Languages of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Liechtenstein" title="Languages of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Luxembourg" title="Languages of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malta" title="Languages of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Moldova" title="Languages of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Monaco" title="Languages of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Montenegro" title="Languages of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Netherlands" title="Languages of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_North_Macedonia" title="Languages of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norway" title="Languages of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Poland" title="Languages of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Portugal" title="Languages of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Romania" title="Languages of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Russia" title="Languages of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_San_Marino" title="Languages of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Serbia" title="Languages of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Slovenia" title="Languages of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sweden" title="Languages of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Turkey" title="Languages of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ukraine" title="Languages of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Languages of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wales" title="Languages of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vatican_City" title="Languages of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_%C3%85land" title="Languages of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Languages of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gibraltar" title="Languages of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Languages of the Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Languages of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Jersey" title="Languages of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Svalbard" title="Languages of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Minority_languages_of_Europe547" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Minority_languages_of_Europe" title="Template:Minority languages of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Minority_languages_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Minority languages of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Minority_languages_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Minority languages of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minority_languages_of_Europe547" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">Minority languages</a> of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European<br /> Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Austria" title="Minority languages of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bulgaria#Minority_languages" title="Languages of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Croatia" title="Minority languages of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cyprus#Minority_languages" title="Languages of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Minority languages of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Denmark" title="Minority languages of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Estonia#Minority_languages" title="Languages of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Germany#Minority_languages" title="Languages of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Minority_languages">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilingual_communes_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilingual communes in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_law_of_Slovakia" title="Language law of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_minority_languages_of_Sweden" title="Official minority languages of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <br />European states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Albania (page does not exist)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Georgia (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Moldova#Official_minority_languages" title="Languages of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Norway (page does not exist)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine" title="Language policy in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom#Principal_minority_language_areas" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Vatican_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Vatican City (page does not exist)">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited <br />recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Kosovo" title="Minority languages of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (page does not exist)">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">Languages of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages" title="European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages">European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_National_Minorities" title="Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities">Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Day_of_Languages" title="European Day of Languages">European Day of Languages</a></li> <li><a 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