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The protective" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/67179135/The_effect_of_hormone_replacement_therapy_in_menopause_on_cardioprotection" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The effect of hormone replacement therapy in menopause on cardioprotection" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, and after menopause the incidence increases rapidly. The premenopausal state and estrogen status, appear to be a prophylactic against the mortality risk from CVD. The protective" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/Erenus" /> <meta name="description" content="Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, and after menopause the incidence increases rapidly. The premenopausal state and estrogen status, appear to be a prophylactic against the mortality risk from CVD. The protective" /> <title>(PDF) The effect of hormone replacement therapy in menopause on cardioprotection | M. Erenus - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/67179135/The_effect_of_hormone_replacement_therapy_in_menopause_on_cardioprotection" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'c7ac46e400875c3b13c788ad246730fe5f6b36cc'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732752543000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732752543000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, and after menopause the incidence increases rapidly. The premenopausal state and estrogen status, appear to be a prophylactic against the mortality risk from CVD. The protective effect is believed to be mediated by beneficial changes in cholesterol levels. Estrogen decreases low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The other possible mechanism is the direct effect of estrogen on arterial intima. The type and route of estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy determines the positive and negative effect of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. Most studies show a 50% or greater reduction in CVD and related mortality with postmenopausal estrogen administration. Progestogen addition to hormone replacement, may attenuate the beneficial effects of estrogen on cholesterol. However if used in low doses progesteron may not exert this negative effect on the c...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"M. 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The premenopausal state and estrogen status, appear to be a prophylactic against the mortality risk from CVD. The protective effect is believed to be mediated by beneficial changes in cholesterol levels. Estrogen decreases low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The other possible mechanism is the direct effect of estrogen on arterial intima. The type and route of estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy determines the positive and negative effect of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. Most studies show a 50% or greater reduction in CVD and related mortality with postmenopausal estrogen administration. Progestogen addition to hormone replacement, may attenuate the beneficial effects of estrogen on cholesterol. However if used in low doses progesteron may not exert this negative effect on the c...","publication_date":"1993,,"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The effect of hormone replacement therapy in menopause on cardioprotection","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [181714198]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":78094644,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The effect of hormone replacement therapy in menopause on cardioprotection”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/78094644/mini_magick20220104-22852-1bxkkqk.png?1641367337" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The effect of hormone replacement therapy in menopause on cardioprotection</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="181714198" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Erenus"><img alt="Profile image of M. Erenus" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />M. Erenus</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1993</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">6 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 67179135; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=67179135"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, and after menopause the incidence increases rapidly. The premenopausal state and estrogen status, appear to be a prophylactic against the mortality risk from CVD. The protective effect is believed to be mediated by beneficial changes in cholesterol levels. Estrogen decreases low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The other possible mechanism is the direct effect of estrogen on arterial intima. The type and route of estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy determines the positive and negative effect of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. Most studies show a 50% or greater reduction in CVD and related mortality with postmenopausal estrogen administration. Progestogen addition to hormone replacement, may attenuate the beneficial effects of estrogen on cholesterol. However if used in low doses progesteron may not exert this negative effect on the c...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":78094644,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/67179135/The_effect_of_hormone_replacement_therapy_in_menopause_on_cardioprotection"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":78094644,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/67179135/The_effect_of_hormone_replacement_therapy_in_menopause_on_cardioprotection"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/85977204/Cardiovascular_Risk_During_the_Menopause">Cardiovascular Risk During the Menopause</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2358346" href="https://barcelona.academia.edu/CamilCasteloBranco">Camil Castelo-Branco</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Vascular Disease Prevention, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cardiovascular Risk During the Menopause","attachmentId":90530778,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85977204/Cardiovascular_Risk_During_the_Menopause","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free 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replacement therapy in women with angiographically verified coronary artery disease. Characteristics of the study population. Effects on lipids and lipoproteins</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42449155" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnneJacobsen3">Anne Jacobsen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Internal Medicine, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The EWA (Estrogen in Women with Atherosclerosis) Study: a randomized study of the use of hormone replacement therapy in women with angiographically verified coronary artery disease. Characteristics of the study population. Effects on lipids and lipoproteins","attachmentId":41833959,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21361424/The_EWA_Estrogen_in_Women_with_Atherosclerosis_Study_a_randomized_study_of_the_use_of_hormone_replacement_therapy_in_women_with_angiographically_verified_coronary_artery_disease_Characteristics_of_the_study_population_Effects_on_lipids_and_lipoproteins","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21361424/The_EWA_Estrogen_in_Women_with_Atherosclerosis_Study_a_randomized_study_of_the_use_of_hormone_replacement_therapy_in_women_with_angiographically_verified_coronary_artery_disease_Characteristics_of_the_study_population_Effects_on_lipids_and_lipoproteins"><span 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data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50002649/New_information_about_hormone_therapy_and_cardiovascular_disease_prevention_in_women">New information about hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease prevention in women</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32871504" href="https://dsm-academy.academia.edu/MariaGoldie">Maria Goldie</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"New information about hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease prevention in 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ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3085757/Postmenopausal_estrogen_and_progestin_use_and_the_risk_of_cardiovascular_disease">Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3043637" href="https://wustl.academia.edu/GrahamColditz">Graham Colditz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The New England journal of medicine, 1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular 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ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102824113/Hormone_Replacement_Therapy_and_Cardiovascular_Disease_Lessons_from_a_Monkey_Model_of_Postmenopausal_Women">Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease: Lessons from a Monkey Model of Postmenopausal Women</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="237099025" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SupartoIrma">Irma Suparto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease: Lessons from a Monkey Model of Postmenopausal 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js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13972161/Lipid_levels_and_cardiovascular_risk_in_elderly_women_a_general_population_study_of_the_effects_of_hormonal_treatment_and_lipid_lowering_agents">Lipid levels and cardiovascular risk in elderly women: a general population study of the effects of hormonal treatment and lipid-lowering agents</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33019866" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JScali">J. Scali</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Climacteric, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lipid levels and cardiovascular risk in elderly women: a general population study of the effects of hormonal treatment and lipid-lowering agents","attachmentId":44749292,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13972161/Lipid_levels_and_cardiovascular_risk_in_elderly_women_a_general_population_study_of_the_effects_of_hormonal_treatment_and_lipid_lowering_agents","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13972161/Lipid_levels_and_cardiovascular_risk_in_elderly_women_a_general_population_study_of_the_effects_of_hormonal_treatment_and_lipid_lowering_agents"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="75660473" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75660473/Cardiovascular_disease_in_postmenopausal_women">Cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42758412" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GoranSamsioe">Göran Samsioe</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Maturitas, 1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women","attachmentId":83341442,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75660473/Cardiovascular_disease_in_postmenopausal_women","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75660473/Cardiovascular_disease_in_postmenopausal_women"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="116153106" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116153106/Invited_Commentary_Hormone_Therapy_and_Risk_of_Coronary_Heart_Disease_Why_Renew_the_Focus_on_the_Early_Years_of_Menopause">Invited Commentary: Hormone Therapy and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Why Renew the Focus on the Early Years of Menopause?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="690488" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/JoAnnManson">JoAnn Manson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Epidemiology, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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