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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life and sexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academic_works_and_biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_works_and_biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Academic works and biographies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_works_and_biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumous_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumous_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Posthumous publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posthumous_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C" title="لیتن استرچی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیتن استرچی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Литън Стрейчи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Литън Стрейчи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C" title="لیتن استرچی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیتن استرچی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B9%D5%AB" title="Լիտոն Ստրեյչի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիտոն Ստրեյչի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%99" title="ליטון סטרייצ'י – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליטון סטרייצ'י" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF" title="ಲಿಟ್ಟನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೇಚಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿಟ್ಟನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೇಚಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%89" title="ليتون ستراشى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليتون ستراشى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC" title="リットン・ストレイチー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リットン・ストレイチー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B8,_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Стрейчи, Литтон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стрейчи, Литтон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lytton Strachey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%87%D1%96" title="Літтон Стрейчі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літтон Стрейчі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E5%A5%87" title="利顿·斯特雷奇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利顿·斯特雷奇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q540427#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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searchaux" style="display:none">English writer and critic (1880–1932)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Lytton Strachey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrington_-_Strachey.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A study of Strachey's face and hands by Carrington"><img alt="A study of Strachey's face and hands by Carrington" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Carrington_-_Strachey.jpg/220px-Carrington_-_Strachey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Carrington_-_Strachey.jpg/330px-Carrington_-_Strachey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Carrington_-_Strachey.jpg/440px-Carrington_-_Strachey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="488" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">A study of Strachey's face and hands by <a href="/wiki/Dora_Carrington" title="Dora Carrington">Carrington</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Giles Lytton Strachey<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1880-03-01</span>)</span>1 March 1880<br />London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">21 January 1932<span style="display:none">(1932-01-21)</span> (aged 51)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ham,_Wiltshire" title="Ham, Wiltshire">Ham, Wiltshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Author, critic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strachey" title="Richard Strachey">Richard Strachey</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jane_Maria_Strachey" title="Jane Maria Strachey">Jane Grant</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Giles Lytton Strachey</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1 March 1880 – 21 January 1932) was an English writer and critic. A founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a> and author of <i><a href="/wiki/Eminent_Victorians" title="Eminent Victorians">Eminent Victorians</a></i>, he established a new form of biography in which <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychological</a> insight and sympathy are combined with irreverence and wit. His biography <i>Queen Victoria</i> (1921) was awarded the <a href="/wiki/James_Tait_Black_Memorial_Prize" title="James Tait Black Memorial Prize">James Tait Black Memorial Prize</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youth">Youth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Youth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strachey was born on 1 March 1880 at Stowey House, <a href="/wiki/Clapham_Common" title="Clapham Common">Clapham Common</a>, London, the fifth son and 11th child of Lieutenant General Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strachey" title="Richard Strachey">Richard Strachey</a>, an officer in the British colonial armed forces, and his second wife, the former <a href="/wiki/Jane_Maria_Strachey" title="Jane Maria Strachey">Jane Grant</a>, who became a leading supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom">women's suffrage</a> movement. He was named Giles Lytton after an early 16th-century Gyles Strachey and the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">first Earl of Lytton</a>, who had been a friend of Richard Strachey's when he was <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General of India">Viceroy of India</a> in the late 1870s. The Earl of Lytton was also Lytton Strachey's godfather.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Stracheys had thirteen children in total, ten of whom survived to adulthood, including Lytton's sister <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bussy" title="Dorothy Bussy">Dorothy Strachey</a> and youngest brother, the psychoanalyst, <a href="/wiki/James_Strachey" title="James Strachey">James Strachey</a>. </p><p>When Lytton was four years old the family moved from Stowey House to 69 <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_Gate" title="Lancaster Gate">Lancaster Gate</a>, north of <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was their home until Sir Richard retired 20 years later.<sup id="cite_ref-holroyd_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holroyd-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lady Strachey was an enthusiast for languages and literature, making her children perform their own plays and write verse from an early age. She thought that Lytton had the potential to become a great artist so she decided that he would receive the best education possible to be "enlightened."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1887 he had begun the study of French, and he was to admire French culture throughout his life.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Strachey was educated at a series of schools, beginning at <a href="/wiki/Parkstone" title="Parkstone">Parkstone</a>, Dorset. This was a small school with a wide range of after-class activities, where Strachey's acting skills exceeded those of other pupils; he was particularly convincing when portraying female parts. He told his mother how much he liked dressing as a woman in real life to confuse and entertain others.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lady Strachey decided in 1893 that her son should start his more serious education and sent him to <a href="/wiki/Abbotsholme_School" title="Abbotsholme School">Abbotsholme School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rocester" title="Rocester">Rocester</a>, Derbyshire, where pupils were required to do manual work every day. Strachey, who always had a fragile physique, objected to this requirement and after a few months, he was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Leamington_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Leamington College">Leamington College</a>, where he became a victim of savage bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir Richard, however, told his son to "grin and bear the petty bullying."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strachey did eventually adapt to the school and became one of its best pupils. In the 1960s one of the four 'houses' at the school was named after him. His health also seems to have improved during the three years he spent at Leamington, although various illnesses continued to plague him.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StracheyFamily.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/StracheyFamily.jpg/220px-StracheyFamily.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/StracheyFamily.jpg/330px-StracheyFamily.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/StracheyFamily.jpg/440px-StracheyFamily.jpg 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Sons and daughters of Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strachey" title="Richard Strachey">Richard Strachey</a> and Lady Strachey. Left to right: Marjorie, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bussy" title="Dorothy Bussy">Dorothea</a>, Lytton, Joan Pernel, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Strachey" title="Oliver Strachey">Oliver</a>, Dick, Ralph, <a href="/wiki/Pippa_Strachey" title="Pippa Strachey">Philippa</a>, Elinor, <a href="/wiki/James_Strachey" title="James Strachey">James</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When Strachey turned 17 in 1897, Lady Strachey decided that he was ready to leave school and go to university, but because she thought he was too young for <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> she decided that he should first attend a smaller institution, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a>. There Strachey befriended the professor of modern literature, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh_(professor)" title="Walter Raleigh (professor)">Walter Raleigh</a>, who, besides being his favourite teacher, also became the most influential figure in his life before he went up to <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. In 1899 Strachey took the <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church</a> scholarship examination, wanting to get into <a href="/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford">Balliol College, Oxford</a>, but the examiners determined that Strachey's academic achievements were not remarkable and were struck by his "shyness and nervousness."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They recommended <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_College,_Oxford" title="Lincoln College, Oxford">Lincoln College</a> as a more suitable institution, advice that Lady Strachey took as an insult, deciding then that he would attend <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>, instead.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cambridge">Cambridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cambridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strachey was admitted as a Pensioner at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>, on 30 September 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became an Exhibitioner in 1900 and a Scholar in 1902. He won the Chancellor's Medal for English Verse in 1902<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was given a BA degree after he had won a second class in the History Tripos in June 1903. He did not however take leave of Trinity but remained until October 1905 to work on a thesis that he hoped would gain him a fellowship.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strachey was often ill and had to leave Cambridge repeatedly to recover from the <a href="/wiki/Palpitations" title="Palpitations">palpitations</a> that affected him.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Strachey's years at Cambridge were happy and productive. Among the <a href="/wiki/Freshman" title="Freshman">freshers</a> at Trinity, there were three with whom Strachey soon became closely associated: <a href="/wiki/Clive_Bell" title="Clive Bell">Clive Bell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Woolf" title="Leonard Woolf">Leonard Woolf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saxon_Sydney-Turner" title="Saxon Sydney-Turner">Saxon Sydney-Turner</a>. With another undergraduate, A. J. Robertson, these students formed a group called the Midnight Society, which, in the opinion of Bell, was the source of the <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other close friends at Cambridge were <a href="/wiki/Thoby_Stephen" title="Thoby Stephen">Thoby Stephen</a> and his sisters <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Bell" title="Vanessa Bell">Vanessa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Stephen</a> (later Bell and Woolf respectively). </p><p>Strachey also belonged to the Conversazione Society, the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Apostles" title="Cambridge Apostles">Cambridge Apostles</a> to which <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Tennyson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hallam" title="Arthur Hallam">Hallam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Denison_Maurice" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Denison Maurice">Maurice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Sterling_(author)" title="John Sterling (author)">Sterling</a> had once belonged. The Apostles formulated an elitist doctrine of "Higher Sodomy" which differentiated the homosexual acts of the intelligent from those of "ordinary" men.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20–23">: 20–23 </span></sup> In these years Strachey was highly prolific in writing verse, much of which has been preserved and some of which was published at the time. Strachey also became acquainted with other men who greatly influenced him, including <a href="/wiki/G._Lowes_Dickinson" class="mw-redirect" title="G. Lowes Dickinson">G. Lowes Dickinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a>, Walter Lamb (brother of the painter <a href="/wiki/Henry_Lamb" title="Henry Lamb">Henry Lamb</a>), <a href="/wiki/George_Mallory" title="George Mallory">George Mallory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/G._E._Moore" title="G. E. Moore">G. E. Moore</a>. Moore's philosophy, with its assumption that the <i>summum bonum</i> lies in achieving a high quality of humanity, in experiencing delectable states of mind, and in intensifying experience by contemplating great works of art, was a particularly important influence.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the summer of 1903, Strachey applied for a position in the education department of the Civil Service. Even though the letters of recommendation written for him by those under whom he had studied showed that he was held in high esteem at Cambridge, he failed to get the appointment and decided to try for a fellowship at Trinity College.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1903 through 1905 he wrote a 400-page dissertation on <a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Warren Hastings</a>, the 18th-century Indian imperialist, but the work failed to secure Strachey the fellowship and led to his return to London.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings">Beginnings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CarringtonTidmarsh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/CarringtonTidmarsh.png/220px-CarringtonTidmarsh.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/CarringtonTidmarsh.png 1.5x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="179" /></a><figcaption>A painting by <a href="/wiki/Dora_Carrington" title="Dora Carrington">Dora Carrington</a> of the "Mill House", <a href="/wiki/Tidmarsh" title="Tidmarsh">Tidmarsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pangbourne" title="Pangbourne">Pangbourne</a>, on the upper <a href="/wiki/Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Thames">Thames</a>, where much of <i>Queen Victoria</i> was written</figcaption></figure><p> After Strachey left Cambridge in 1905, his mother assigned him a <a href="/wiki/Bedsit" title="Bedsit">bed-sitting</a> room at 69 Lancaster Gate. After the family moved to 67 Belsize Gardens in <a href="/wiki/Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a>, and later to another house in the same street, he was assigned other bed-sitters.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, as he was about to turn 30, family life started irritating him, and he took to travelling into the country more often, supporting himself by writing reviews and critical articles for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a></i> and other periodicals. In 1909 he spent some weeks at a health spa in <a href="/wiki/Saltsj%C3%B6baden" title="Saltsjöbaden">Saltsjöbaden</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> in Sweden. In this period he also lived for a while in a cottage on <a href="/wiki/Dartmoor" title="Dartmoor">Dartmoor</a> and about 1911–12 spent a whole winter at <a href="/wiki/East_Ilsley" title="East Ilsley">East Ilsley</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Downs" title="Berkshire Downs">Berkshire Downs</a>. During this time he decided to grow a beard, which became his most characteristic feature.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 May 1911 he wrote to his mother:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The chief news is that I have grown a beard! Its colour is very much admired, and it is generally considered extremely effective, though some ill-bred persons have been observed to laugh. It is a red-brown of the most approved tint and makes me look like a French decadent poet—or something equally distinguished.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lytton_Strachey,_1911-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lytton_Strachey%2C_1911-12.jpg/170px-Lytton_Strachey%2C_1911-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lytton_Strachey%2C_1911-12.jpg/255px-Lytton_Strachey%2C_1911-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Lytton_Strachey%2C_1911-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption>Strachey photographed by <a href="/wiki/Lady_Ottoline_Morrell" title="Lady Ottoline Morrell">Lady Ottoline Morrell</a> in 1911 or 1912</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1911 <a href="/wiki/H._A._L._Fisher" title="H. A. L. Fisher">H. A. L. Fisher</a>, a former President of the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a> and the Board of Education, was in search of someone to write a short one-volume survey of French literature. Fisher had read one of Strachey's reviews ("Two Frenchmen," <i>Independent Review</i> (1903)) and asked him to write an outline in 50,000 words, giving him <a href="/wiki/John_William_Mackail" title="John William Mackail">J. W. Mackail</a>'s <i>Latin Literature</i> (1909) as a model.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Landmarks in French Literature</i>, dedicated to "J[ane] M[aria] S[trachey]," his mother, was published on 12 January 1912. Despite almost a full column of praise in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_Literary_Supplement" title="The Times Literary Supplement">The Times Literary Supplement</a></i> of 1 February and sales that by April 1914 had reached nearly 12,000 copies in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and America, the book brought Strachey neither the fame he craved nor the money he badly needed.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eminent_Victorians_and_later_career"><i>Eminent Victorians</i> and later career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eminent Victorians and later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soon after the publication of <i>Landmarks</i>, Strachey's mother and his friend Harry Norton<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supported him financially. Each provided him with £100, which, together with his earnings from the <i><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Review" title="Edinburgh Review">Edinburgh Review</a></i> and other periodicals, made it possible for him to rent a small thatched cottage, The Lacket, outside the village of <a href="/wiki/Lockeridge" title="Lockeridge">Lockeridge</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Marlborough,_Wiltshire" title="Marlborough, Wiltshire">Marlborough, Wiltshire</a>. He lived there until 1916 and it was there that he wrote the first three parts of <i><a href="/wiki/Eminent_Victorians" title="Eminent Victorians">Eminent Victorians</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Strachey's theory of biography was now fully developed and mature. He was greatly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyodor Dostoyevsky">Dostoyevsky</a>, whose novels he had been reading and reviewing as they appeared in <a href="/wiki/Constance_Garnett" title="Constance Garnett">Constance Garnett</a>'s translations. The influence of <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Freud</a> was important in Strachey's later works, most notably on <i>Elizabeth and Essex</i>, but not at this earlier stage.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1916 Lytton Strachey was back in London, living with his mother at 6 <a href="/wiki/Belsize_Park_Gardens" title="Belsize Park Gardens">Belsize Park Gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a>, where she had now moved. In the late autumn of 1917, however, his brother Oliver and his friends Harry Norton, John Maynard Keynes, and Saxon Sydney-Turner agreed to pay the rent on the Mill House at <a href="/wiki/Tidmarsh" title="Tidmarsh">Tidmarsh</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Pangbourne" title="Pangbourne">Pangbourne</a>, Berkshire. </p><p>From 1904 to 1914 Strachey contributed book and theatre reviews to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a></i>. Under the pseudonym "Ignotus", he also published several drama reviews. </p><p>During the First World War, Strachey applied for recognition as a <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objector</a>, but in the event, he was granted exemption from military service on health grounds. He spent much of the war with like-minded people such as <a href="/wiki/Lady_Ottoline_Morrell" title="Lady Ottoline Morrell">Lady Ottoline Morrell</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsburys</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dora_Carrington;_Ralph_Partridge;_Lytton_Strachey;_Oliver_Strachey;_Frances_Catherine_Partridge_(n%C3%A9e_Marshall),_1923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Dora_Carrington%3B_Ralph_Partridge%3B_Lytton_Strachey%3B_Oliver_Strachey%3B_Frances_Catherine_Partridge_%28n%C3%A9e_Marshall%29%2C_1923.jpg/170px-Dora_Carrington%3B_Ralph_Partridge%3B_Lytton_Strachey%3B_Oliver_Strachey%3B_Frances_Catherine_Partridge_%28n%C3%A9e_Marshall%29%2C_1923.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Dora_Carrington%3B_Ralph_Partridge%3B_Lytton_Strachey%3B_Oliver_Strachey%3B_Frances_Catherine_Partridge_%28n%C3%A9e_Marshall%29%2C_1923.jpg/255px-Dora_Carrington%3B_Ralph_Partridge%3B_Lytton_Strachey%3B_Oliver_Strachey%3B_Frances_Catherine_Partridge_%28n%C3%A9e_Marshall%29%2C_1923.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Dora_Carrington%3B_Ralph_Partridge%3B_Lytton_Strachey%3B_Oliver_Strachey%3B_Frances_Catherine_Partridge_%28n%C3%A9e_Marshall%29%2C_1923.jpg/340px-Dora_Carrington%3B_Ralph_Partridge%3B_Lytton_Strachey%3B_Oliver_Strachey%3B_Frances_Catherine_Partridge_%28n%C3%A9e_Marshall%29%2C_1923.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>Dora Carrington, Ralph Partridge, Lytton and Oliver Strachey, and Frances Partridge; snapshot by Ottoline Morrell, 1923</figcaption></figure> <p>His first great success, and his most famous achievement, was <i><a href="/wiki/Eminent_Victorians" title="Eminent Victorians">Eminent Victorians</a></i> (1918), a collection of four short biographies of Victorian heroes. Unlike any biography of its time, <i>Eminent Victorians</i> examines the career and psychology of historical figures by using literary devices such as paradox, antithesis, hyperbole, and irony. This work was followed by another in the same style, <i>Queen Victoria</i> (1921).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dora_Carrington;_Stephen_Tomlin;_Walter_John_Herbert_(%27Sebastian%27)_Sprott;_Lytton_Strachey,_June_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dora_Carrington%3B_Stephen_Tomlin%3B_Walter_John_Herbert_%28%27Sebastian%27%29_Sprott%3B_Lytton_Strachey%2C_June_1926.jpg/220px-Dora_Carrington%3B_Stephen_Tomlin%3B_Walter_John_Herbert_%28%27Sebastian%27%29_Sprott%3B_Lytton_Strachey%2C_June_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dora_Carrington%3B_Stephen_Tomlin%3B_Walter_John_Herbert_%28%27Sebastian%27%29_Sprott%3B_Lytton_Strachey%2C_June_1926.jpg/330px-Dora_Carrington%3B_Stephen_Tomlin%3B_Walter_John_Herbert_%28%27Sebastian%27%29_Sprott%3B_Lytton_Strachey%2C_June_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dora_Carrington%3B_Stephen_Tomlin%3B_Walter_John_Herbert_%28%27Sebastian%27%29_Sprott%3B_Lytton_Strachey%2C_June_1926.jpg/440px-Dora_Carrington%3B_Stephen_Tomlin%3B_Walter_John_Herbert_%28%27Sebastian%27%29_Sprott%3B_Lytton_Strachey%2C_June_1926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>Dora Carrington; Stephen Tomlin; Walter John Herbert ('Sebastian') Sprott; Lytton Strachey, June 1926</figcaption></figure> <p>From then on, Strachey needed no further financial aid. He continued to live at Tidmarsh until 1924 when he moved to <a href="/wiki/Ham,_Wiltshire" title="Ham, Wiltshire">Ham Spray House</a> near <a href="/wiki/Marlborough,_Wiltshire" title="Marlborough, Wiltshire">Marlborough, Wiltshire</a>. This was his home for the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-sanders_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strachey died of stomach cancer on 21 January 1932, aged 51. It is reported that his final words were: "If this is dying, then I don't think much of it."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_sexuality">Personal life and sexuality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life and sexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strachey spoke openly about his homosexuality with his Bloomsbury friends and had relationships with a variety of men including <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Partridge" title="Ralph Partridge">Ralph Partridge</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He had a "passionate love affair" with the economist <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a>, another Bloomsbury member, who was bisexual.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StracheyCarrington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/StracheyCarrington.jpg/170px-StracheyCarrington.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/StracheyCarrington.jpg/255px-StracheyCarrington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/StracheyCarrington.jpg/340px-StracheyCarrington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="754" /></a><figcaption>Dora Carrington and Lytton Strachey at Ham Spray</figcaption></figure> <p>Strachey met the painter <a href="/wiki/Dora_Carrington" title="Dora Carrington">Dora Carrington</a> during the First World War and they had a strong but platonic relationship thereafter until his death. They eventually established a permanent home together at Ham Spray House, where Carrington would paint and Strachey would educate her in literature.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1921, Carrington agreed to marry Partridge, not for love but to secure a three-way relationship. Partridge eventually formed a relationship with <a href="/wiki/Frances_Partridge" title="Frances Partridge">Frances Marshall</a>, another Bloomsbury member.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after Strachey died, Carrington took her own life. Partridge married Marshall in 1933. Strachey was mainly interested sexually in Partridge, as well as in various other young men,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including a secret <a href="/wiki/Sadomasochistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadomasochistic">sadomasochistic</a> relationship with <a href="/wiki/Roger_Senhouse" title="Roger Senhouse">Roger Senhouse</a>, later the head of the publishing house <a href="/wiki/Secker_%26_Warburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Secker & Warburg">Secker & Warburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strachey's letters, edited by Paul Levy, were published in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>'s husband <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Woolf" title="Leonard Woolf">Leonard Woolf</a> said that in her experimental novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Waves" title="The Waves">The Waves</a></i>, "there is something of Lytton in Neville". Lytton is also said to have been the inspiration behind the character of St John Hirst in her novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyage_Out" title="The Voyage Out">The Voyage Out</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Holroyd" title="Michael Holroyd">Michael Holroyd</a> describes Strachey as the inspiration behind Cedric Furber in <a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Lewis" title="Wyndham Lewis">Wyndham Lewis</a>'s <i>The Self-Condemned</i>. In Lewis's novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Apes_of_God" title="The Apes of God">The Apes of God</a></i> he is seen in the character of Matthew Plunkett, whom Holroyd describes as "a maliciously distorted and hilarious caricature of Lytton".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Terminus Note in <a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">E. M. Forster</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Maurice_(novel)" title="Maurice (novel)">Maurice</a></i>, Forster remarks that the Cambridge undergraduate Risley in the novel is based on Strachey. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CarringtonFilm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/CarringtonFilm.jpg/220px-CarringtonFilm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/CarringtonFilm.jpg/330px-CarringtonFilm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e2/CarringtonFilm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Pryce" title="Jonathan Pryce">Jonathan Pryce</a> as Strachey, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Waddington" title="Steven Waddington">Steven Waddington</a> as Ralph Partridge and <a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> as <a href="/wiki/Dora_Carrington" title="Dora Carrington">Dora Carrington</a> in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Carrington_(film)" title="Carrington (film)">Carrington</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Strachey was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Pryce" title="Jonathan Pryce">Jonathan Pryce</a> in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Carrington_(film)" title="Carrington (film)">Carrington</a></i> (1995),<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which won the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival that year, while Pryce won Best Actor for his performance. In the film <i><a href="/wiki/Al_sur_de_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Al sur de Granada">Al sur de Granada</a></i> (2003), Strachey was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/James_Fleet" title="James Fleet">James Fleet</a>. </p><p>Strachey was portrayed by Ed Birch in the 2015 mini-series <i>Life in Squares</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Strachey was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Planer" title="Nigel Planer">Nigel Planer</a> as Lytton Scratchy in <i><a href="/wiki/Gloomsbury" title="Gloomsbury">Gloomsbury</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Sue_Limb" title="Sue Limb">Sue Limb</a>, a parody of the Bloomsbury Group, 5 series, 2012-2018 on BBC Radio 4. </p><p>Strachey was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> in the 2020 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a> play <i>Elizabeth and Essex</i> by <a href="/wiki/Robin_Brooks" title="Robin Brooks">Robin Brooks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lytton_Strachey_51_Gordon_Square_blue_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Lytton_Strachey_51_Gordon_Square_blue_plaque.jpg/220px-Lytton_Strachey_51_Gordon_Square_blue_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Lytton_Strachey_51_Gordon_Square_blue_plaque.jpg/330px-Lytton_Strachey_51_Gordon_Square_blue_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Lytton_Strachey_51_Gordon_Square_blue_plaque.jpg/440px-Lytton_Strachey_51_Gordon_Square_blue_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3167" data-file-height="3053" /></a><figcaption>Blue plaque, 51 Gordon Square</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_works_and_biographies">Academic works and biographies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Academic works and biographies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Landmarks in French Literature</i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eminent_Victorians" title="Eminent Victorians">Eminent Victorians</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Manning" title="Henry Edward Manning">Cardinal Manning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale" title="Florence Nightingale">Florence Nightingale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arnold" title="Thomas Arnold">Dr Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Gordon" title="Charles George Gordon">General Gordon</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i>Queen Victoria</i> (1921)</li> <li><i>Books and Characters</i> (1922)</li> <li><i>Elizabeth and Essex: A Tragic History</i> (1928)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Portraits in Miniature and Other Essays</i> (1931)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Posthumous_publications">Posthumous publications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Posthumous publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Characters and Commentaries</i>, ed. James Strachey (1933)</li> <li><i>Spectatorial Essays</i>, ed. James Strachey (1964)</li> <li><i>Ermyntrude and Esmeralda. An Entertainment</i>, illus. <a href="/wiki/Ert%C3%A9" title="Erté">Erté</a> (1969)</li> <li><i>Lytton Strachey by Himself: A Self-Portrait</i>, ed. Michael Holroyd (1971) (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-349-11812-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-349-11812-3">978-0-349-11812-3</a>)</li> <li><i>The Really Interesting Question, and Other Papers</i>, ed. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Levy_(journalist)" title="Paul Levy (journalist)">Paul Levy</a> (1972)</li> <li><i>The Shorter Strachey</i>, ed. Michael Holroyd and Paul Levy (1980)</li> <li><i>The Letters of Lytton Strachey</i>, ed. Paul Levy (2005) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-89112-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-89112-6">0-670-89112-6</a>)</li> <li><i>Unpublished Works of Lytton Strachey: Early Papers</i>, ed. Todd Avery (2011)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/lytton-strachey">Lytton Strachey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120122065442/http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/lytton-strachey">Archived</a> 22 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary</a>. Accessed 23 August 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanders-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanders_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Richard Sanders, <i>Lytton Strachey: His Mind and Art</i>, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Since May 1959 the Stracheys' former home has been part of Douglas House, the large American Forces Club that now occupies Nos. 66–71 Lancaster Gate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-holroyd-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-holroyd_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Holroyd" title="Michael Holroyd">Michael Holroyd</a>, <i>Lytton Strachey: A Biography</i>, Penguin, 1971. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-374-52465-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-374-52465-3">0-374-52465-3</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Stocks, <i>My Commonplace Book</i>. Peter Stocks, 1970.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holroyd, pp. 72–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holroyd, 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holroyd, 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holroyd, 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holroyd, 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holroyd, 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFACADSTRY899GL" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=STRY899GL&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Strachey, Giles Lytton (STRY899GL)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Strachey%2C+Giles+Lytton+%28STRY899GL%29&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DSTRY899GL%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"University intelligence". <i>The Times</i>. No. 36711. London. 10 March 1902. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=University+intelligence&rft.issue=36711&rft.pages=p.-11&rft.date=1902-03-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holroyd, 147–153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holroyd, 136–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaddeo2002" class="citation book cs1">Taddeo, Julie Anne (18 July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h027XP1CDnYC&q=Greek+love+male+bonding&pg=PA21"><i>Lytton Strachey and the search for modern sexual identity</i></a>. Routledge; 1 edition. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56023-359-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56023-359-6"><bdi>978-1-56023-359-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lytton+Strachey+and+the+search+for+modern+sexual+identity&rft.pub=Routledge%3B+1+edition&rft.date=2002-07-18&rft.isbn=978-1-56023-359-6&rft.aulast=Taddeo&rft.aufirst=Julie+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh027XP1CDnYC%26q%3DGreek%2Blove%2Bmale%2Bbonding%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In his <i>Autobiography</i>, Russell was quite amused by <i><a href="/wiki/Eminent_Victorians" title="Eminent Victorians">Eminent Victorians</a></i>, but did not like Strachey's cynicism about life. Russell writes on page 73 (George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1971): "Perhaps it was this attitude [about life] which made him, not a great man".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Letters of Lytton Strachey</i>, ed. Paul Levy, 2005 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-89112-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-89112-6">0-670-89112-6</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Tertius James Norton, the "H.T.J.N.", to whom <i>Eminent Victorians</i> is dedicated,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lytton-Strachey">"Lytton Strachey | British biographer"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230227155202/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lytton-Strachey">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Lytton+Strachey+%7C+British+biographer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FLytton-Strachey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRutledge1989" class="citation book cs1">Rutledge, L. W. (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gayfiresidecompa00rutl"><i>The Gay Fireside Companion</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Books" title="Alyson Books">Alyson Publications</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gayfiresidecompa00rutl/page/181">181</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781555831646" title="Special:BookSources/9781555831646"><bdi>9781555831646</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gay+Fireside+Companion&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Alyson+Publications&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9781555831646&rft.aulast=Rutledge&rft.aufirst=L.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgayfiresidecompa00rutl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.charleston.org.uk/object/lytton-strachey/">"Duncan Grant: Lytton Strachey"</a>. <i>Charleston</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charleston&rft.atitle=Duncan+Grant%3A+Lytton+Strachey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.charleston.org.uk%2Fobject%2Flytton-strachey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holroyd, 447.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holroyd, 485.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/Archive/Article/0,4273,3806156,00.html">Frances Partridge, Bloomsbury groupie</a> – Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved on 23 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3638752/Bloomsburys-final-secret.html">"Bloomsbury's final secret"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. 14 March 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203143105/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3638752/Bloomsburys-final-secret.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Bloomsbury%27s+final+secret&rft.date=2005-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2F3638752%2FBloomsburys-final-secret.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevy2005" class="citation news cs1">Levy, Paul (14 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3638752/Bloomsburys-final-secret.html">"Bloomsbury's final secret"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203143105/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3638752/Bloomsburys-final-secret.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Bloomsbury%27s+final+secret&rft.date=2005-03-14&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2F3638752%2FBloomsburys-final-secret.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRintoul1993" class="citation book cs1">Rintoul, M. C. (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofreal00rint"><i>Dictionary of Real People and Places in Fiction</i></a></span>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-05999-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-05999-2"><bdi>0-415-05999-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Real+People+and+Places+in+Fiction&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-415-05999-2&rft.aulast=Rintoul&rft.aufirst=M.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofreal00rint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTunzelmann2010" class="citation web cs1">Tunzelmann, Alex von (2 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/sep/02/reel-history-carrington">"Carrington: what a carry-on | Reel history"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204003106/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/sep/02/reel-history-carrington">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Carrington%3A+what+a+carry-on+%7C+Reel+history&rft.date=2010-09-02&rft.aulast=Tunzelmann&rft.aufirst=Alex+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2010%2Fsep%2F02%2Freel-history-carrington&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4034398/">"Life in Squares"</a>. IMDb. 27 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230213042114/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4034398/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+in+Squares&rft.pub=IMDb&rft.date=2015-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt4034398%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000h6t9">"BBC Radio 3 – Drama on 3, Elizabeth and Essex"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204002954/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000h6t9">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Radio+3+%E2%80%93+Drama+on+3%2C+Elizabeth+and+Essex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fm000h6t9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrachey2012" class="citation book cs1">Strachey, Lytton (19 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IOTuC8vd3UYC&pg=PA1"><i>Elizabeth & Essex</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780760490" title="Special:BookSources/9781780760490"><bdi>9781780760490</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth+%26+Essex&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2012-06-19&rft.isbn=9781780760490&rft.aulast=Strachey&rft.aufirst=Lytton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIOTuC8vd3UYC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALytton+Strachey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bell, Millicent. "Lytton Strachey's Eminent Victorians" in Meyers, Jeffrey (ed.) <i>The Biographer's Art</i>, London: Macmillan, 1989, 53–55.</li> <li>Diment, G. "Nabokov and Strachey". <i>Comparative Literature Studies</i> 27.4 (1990): 285–97.</li> <li>Ferns, John. <i>Lytton Strachey,</i> Boston: Twayne, 1988.</li> <li>Fromm, Harold. "Holroyd/Strachey/Shaw: Art and Archives in Literary Biography", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hudson_Review" title="The Hudson Review">The Hudson Review</a></i>, 42.2 (1989): 201–221.</li> <li>Hattersley, Roy. "Lytton Strachey's Elegant, Energetic Character Assassinations Destroyed For Ever the Pretensions of the Victorian Age to Moral Supremacy", <i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i> (12 August 2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Holroyd" title="Michael Holroyd">Holroyd, Michael</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lytton_Strachey:_A_Critical_Biography" title="Lytton Strachey: A Critical Biography">Lytton Strachey</a>,</i> 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-933291-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-933291-4">0-09-933291-4</a> (paperback)</li> <li>Kallich, Martin. <i>The Psychological Milieu of Lytton Strachey,</i> NY: Bookman Associates, 1961.</li> <li>MacCarthy, Desmond. <i>Lytton Strachey: The Art of Biography,</i> "Sunday Times" 5 November 1933: 8.</li> <li>Sanders, Charles Richard. <i>Lytton Strachey: his mind and art,</i> New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957.</li> <li>Taddeo, Julie Anne Taddeo. <i>Lytton Strachey and the Search for Modern Sexual Identity</i>, Binghamton: Harrington Park Press, 2002.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Giles_Lytton_Strachey" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Giles Lytton 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/csearch.php?author=Strachey%2C%20Giles%20Lytton">Works by Giles Lytton Strachey</a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Strachey%2C%20Lytton%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lytton%20Strachey%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Strachey%2C%20Lytton%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lytton%20Strachey%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Strachey%2C%20L%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Lytton%20Strachey%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Strachey%2C%20Lytton%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lytton%20Strachey%22%29%20OR%20%28%221880-1932%22%20AND%20Strachey%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Lytton Strachey</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/2940">Works by Lytton Strachey</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Allison" title="Lincoln Allison">Lincoln Allison</a> (Reader in Politics, University of Warwick) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialaffairsunit.org.uk/blog/archives/000519.php">Colourful Eminence – Lytton Strachey's Eminent Victorians: a Retrospective Review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009162512/http://www.socialaffairsunit.org.uk/blog/archives/000519.php">Archived</a> 9 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Social Affairs Unit Web Review, July 2005</li> <li>S. P. Rosenbaum, 'Strachey, (Giles) Lytton (1880–1932)', <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/36338">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a>, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charleston.org.uk/">Charleston Farmhouse</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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M. Forster">E. M. Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Fry" title="Roger Fry">Roger Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Grant" title="Duncan Grant">Duncan Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_MacCarthy" title="Desmond MacCarthy">Desmond MacCarthy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lytton Strachey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Woolf" title="Leonard Woolf">Leonard Woolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Old Bloomsbury</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Apostles" title="Cambridge Apostles">Cambridge Apostles</a> and <a href="/wiki/G._E._Moore" title="G. E. Moore">G. E. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Stephen" title="Adrian Stephen">Adrian Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karin_Stephen" title="Karin Stephen">Karin Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxon_Sydney-Turner" title="Saxon Sydney-Turner">Saxon Sydney-Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_MacCarthy" title="Mary MacCarthy">Mary MacCarthy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bell" title="Quentin Bell">Quentin Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Carrington" title="Dora Carrington">Dora Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelica_Garnett" title="Angelica Garnett">Angelica Garnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Garnett" title="David Garnett">David Garnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Ottoline_Morrell" title="Lady Ottoline Morrell">Lady Ottoline Morrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Partridge" title="Frances Partridge">Frances Partridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Partridge" title="Ralph Partridge">Ralph Partridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vita_Sackville-West" title="Vita Sackville-West">Vita Sackville-West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoby_Stephen" title="Thoby Stephen">Thoby Stephen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought_hoax" title="Dreadnought hoax"><i>Dreadnought</i> hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Press" title="Hogarth Press">Hogarth Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Workshops" title="Omega Workshops">Omega Workshops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group#Memoir_Club" title="Bloomsbury Group">Memoir Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable Addresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/33_Fitzroy_Square" title="33 Fitzroy Square">33 Fitzroy Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Square" title="Gordon Square">46 Gordon Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Farmhouse" title="Charleston Farmhouse">Charleston Farmhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk%27s_House" title="Monk's House">Monk's House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bloomsbury_Group_people" title="List of Bloomsbury Group people">List of Bloomsbury Group people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group_in_LGBT_history" title="Bloomsbury Group in LGBT history">Bloomsbury Group in LGBT history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540427#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3524" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540427#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3524" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108373969">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000354427344">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/36924878">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/46121/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdGQ9mVqbYFQTVT6PcVmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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