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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Walled vineyard</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clos_de_Vougeot_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Clos_de_Vougeot_01.jpg/220px-Clos_de_Vougeot_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Clos_de_Vougeot_01.jpg/330px-Clos_de_Vougeot_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Clos_de_Vougeot_01.jpg/440px-Clos_de_Vougeot_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clos_de_Vougeot" title="Clos de Vougeot">Clos de Vougeot</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>clos</b> (French 'enclosure'<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a walled <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walled vineyards protected the grapes from <a href="/wiki/Theft" title="Theft">theft</a> and may improve the <a href="/wiki/Mesoclimate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoclimate">mesoclimate</a>. They were often the vineyards of <a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercian</a> monasteries. The word is often used in the name of famous wines even when the wall no longer exists. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clos_(vineyard)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France"><a href="/wiki/French_wine" title="French wine">France</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clos_(vineyard)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_wine" title="Bordeaux wine">Bordeaux</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_L%C3%A9oville-Las_Cases" title="Château Léoville-Las Cases">Château Léoville-Las Cases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clos_Haut-Peyraguey" class="mw-redirect" title="Clos Haut-Peyraguey">Clos Haut-Peyraguey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clos_Fourtet" title="Clos Fourtet">Clos Fourtet</a>, Clos des Jacobins, Clos de l'Oratoire, Clos de Plince, Clos Saint-Martin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundy_wine" title="Burgundy wine">Burgundy</a>: Clos Napoléon (<a href="/wiki/Fixin" title="Fixin">Fixin</a>), <a href="/wiki/Chambertin" title="Chambertin">Chambertin-Clos de Bèze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clos_de_Tart" title="Clos de Tart">Clos de Tart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clos_des_Lambrays" title="Clos des Lambrays">Clos des Lambrays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clos_de_la_Roche" title="Clos de la Roche">Clos de la Roche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clos_Saint-Denis" title="Clos Saint-Denis">Clos Saint-Denis</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Roman%C3%A9e" title="La Romanée">La Romanée</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_la_Roman%C3%A9e-Conti" title="Domaine de la Romanée-Conti">La Romanée-Conti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clos_de_Vougeot" title="Clos de Vougeot">Clos de Vougeot</a>, Clos des Réas (<a href="/wiki/Vougeot" title="Vougeot">Vougeot</a>), <a href="/wiki/Corton_(wine)" title="Corton (wine)">Corton</a>-Clos du Roi, Clos des Ursules, Clos des Mouches (<a href="/wiki/Beaune" title="Beaune">Beaune</a>), Clos des Épeneaux (<a href="/wiki/Pommard" title="Pommard">Pommard</a>), Clos du Val (<a href="/wiki/Auxey-Duresses" title="Auxey-Duresses">Auxey-Duresses</a>), Clos des Chênes (<a href="/wiki/Volnay_AOC" class="mw-redirect" title="Volnay AOC">Volnay</a>), <a href="/wiki/Montrachet" title="Montrachet">Montrachet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne_(wine_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Champagne (wine region)">Champagne</a>: Clos des Goisses (<a href="/wiki/Mareuil-sur-A%C3%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Mareuil-sur-Aÿ">Mareuil-sur-Aÿ</a>; see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Champagne_Philipponnat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champagne Philipponnat (page does not exist)">Champagne Philipponnat</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champagne_Philipponnat" class="extiw" title="fr:Champagne Philipponnat">fr</a>]</span>), Clos du Mesnil (<a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-sur-Oger" title="Le Mesnil-sur-Oger">Le Mesnil-sur-Oger</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Champagne_Krug" title="Champagne Krug">Champagne Krug</a>), Clos Saint Hilaire (<a href="/wiki/Mareuil-sur-A%C3%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Mareuil-sur-Aÿ">Mareuil-sur-Aÿ</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Billecart-Salmon" title="Billecart-Salmon">Billecart-Salmon</a>), Clos d’Ambonnay (<a href="/wiki/Ambonnay" title="Ambonnay">Ambonnay</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Champagne_Krug" title="Champagne Krug">Champagne Krug</a>), Clos du Moulin (<a href="/wiki/Chigny_les_Roses" class="mw-redirect" title="Chigny les Roses">Chigny les Roses</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Cattier" title="Cattier">Cattier</a>), Clos Cazals (<a href="/wiki/Oger,_Marne" title="Oger, Marne">Oger</a>; of Champagne Claude Cazals), Clos des Faubourgs de Notre Dame (<a href="/wiki/Vertus" title="Vertus">Vertus</a>; of Champagne Veuve Fourny), (Clos) Vieilles Vignes Françaises (from Clos Saint Jacques (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%BF" title="Aÿ">Aÿ</a>) plus the parcelles Chaudes-Terres (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%BF" title="Aÿ">Aÿ</a>) and Croix Rouge (<a href="/wiki/Bouzy" title="Bouzy">Bouzy</a>); see <a href="/wiki/Champagne_Bollinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Champagne Bollinger">Champagne Bollinger</a>), Clos Virgile (<a href="/wiki/Beaumont-sur-Vesle" title="Beaumont-sur-Vesle">Beaumont-sur-Vesle</a>; of Champagne Paul Sadi (Portier)), Clos des Chaulins (<a href="/wiki/Pargny-les-Reims" class="mw-redirect" title="Pargny-les-Reims">Pargny-les-Reims</a>; of Champagne Médot), Le Petit Clos (<a href="/wiki/Bouzy" title="Bouzy">Bouzy</a>; of Champagne Jean Veselle), Clos l’Abbé (<a href="/wiki/Cramant" title="Cramant">Cramant</a>; of Champagne Hubert Soreau), Clos des Belvals (<a href="/wiki/Vertus" title="Vertus">Vertus</a>; of Champagne Person), Clos des Bouveries (<a href="/wiki/Vertus" title="Vertus">Vertus</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Duval-Leroy" title="Duval-Leroy">Duval-Leroy</a>), Clos Lanson (<a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Champagne_Lanson" title="Champagne Lanson">Champagne Lanson</a>), Le Clos (<a href="/wiki/Pierry" title="Pierry">Pierry</a>; of Champagne Henri Mandois), Clos des Bergeronneau (<a href="/wiki/Ville-Dommange" title="Ville-Dommange">Ville-Dommange</a>; of Champagne Florent Bergeronneau-Marion), Clos de l’Abbaye (<a href="/wiki/Vertus" title="Vertus">Vertus</a>; of Champagne Doyard), Clos Pompadour (<a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Pommery" title="Pommery">Pommery</a>), Le Clos (<a href="/wiki/Bouzy" title="Bouzy">Bouzy</a>; of Champagne André Clouet), Clos Jarot (<a href="/wiki/Vandi%C3%A8res,_Marne" title="Vandières, Marne">Vandières</a>; of Champagne Nowack), Clos Bourmault (<a href="/wiki/Avize" title="Avize">Avize</a>; of Champagne Christian Bourmault), Clos du Château de Bligny (<a href="/wiki/Bligny,_Aube" title="Bligny, Aube">Bligny</a>; of Champagne Chateau de Bligny), Clos Rocher (<a href="/wiki/Balnot-sur-Laignes" title="Balnot-sur-Laignes">Balnot-sur-Laignes</a>; of Champagne Jean-Michel Grémillet), Clos Sainte-Sophie (<a href="/wiki/Montgueux" title="Montgueux">Montgueux</a>; of Champagne Jacques Lassaigne), Clos à Doré (<a href="/wiki/Ludes" title="Ludes">Ludes</a>; of Champagne Doré Monmarthe), Clos Barnaut (<a href="/wiki/Bouzy" title="Bouzy">Bouzy</a>; of Champagne Edmond Barnaut), Clos de Marzilly (<a href="/wiki/Hermonville" title="Hermonville">Hermonville</a>; of Champagne Olivier Fagot at <a href="/wiki/Rilly-la-Montagne" title="Rilly-la-Montagne">Rilly-la-Montagne</a>), Clos des Monnaies (<a href="/wiki/Damery,_Marne" title="Damery, Marne">Damery</a>; of Champagne Goutorbe-Bouillot), Clos de Cumières (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89pernay" title="Épernay">Épernay</a>; of Champagne Jestin), Le Clos d’Hortense (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%BF" title="Aÿ">Aÿ</a>; of Champagne Pierre Leboeuf), Clos des Maladries (<a href="/wiki/Avize" title="Avize">Avize</a>; of Champagne Etienne Calsac), Clos des Trois Clochers (<a href="/wiki/Villers-Allerand" title="Villers-Allerand">Villers-Allerand</a>); of Champagne Leclerc Briant), Clos du Montdorin (<a href="/wiki/Charly-sur-Marne" title="Charly-sur-Marne">Charly-sur-Marne</a>; of Champagne Léguillette-Romelot), Clos 667 (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89pernay" title="Épernay">Épernay</a>; of Champagne Boivin), as officially recognised as clos. Also officially recognised are the following lieu-dits ‘clos’: Clos des Graviers (<a href="/wiki/Le_Breuil,_Marne" title="Le Breuil, Marne">Le Breuil</a>; of Champagne Pierre Mignon), Clos Jacquin (<a href="/wiki/Avize" title="Avize">Avize</a>; of Champagne Pierre Callot), Clos Colin (<a href="/wiki/Bouzy" title="Bouzy">Bouzy</a>; of Champagne <a href="/wiki/Veuve_Clicquot" title="Veuve Clicquot">Veuve Cliquot</a>), Clos Saint Jean (<a href="/wiki/Moussy,_Marne" title="Moussy, Marne">Moussy</a>; of Champagne José Michel), Clos des Fourches (<a href="/wiki/Tauxi%C3%A8res-Mutry" title="Tauxières-Mutry">Tauxières-Mutry</a>; of Champagne Lejeune-Dirvang), Clos des Plants de Chêne (<a href="/wiki/Moussy,_Marne" title="Moussy, Marne">Moussy</a>; of Champagne José Michel) is not currently producing clos-cuvées, Clos Jacquesson (<a href="/wiki/Dizy,_Marne" title="Dizy, Marne">Dizy</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Champagne_Jacquesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Champagne Jacquesson">Champagne Jacquesson</a>) is not currently producing clos-cuvées (all according to the Comité Champagne<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (May 2024)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_wine" title="Alsace wine">Alsace</a>: Clos Sainte-Hune in <a href="/wiki/Alsace_Grand_Cru" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace Grand Cru">Grand Cru</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alsace_Grand_Cru_Rosacker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alsace Grand Cru Rosacker (page does not exist)">Rosacker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hunawihr" title="Hunawihr">Hunawihr</a>), Clos Sainte-Odile (<a href="/wiki/Obernai" title="Obernai">Obernai</a>), Clos Saint-Urbain (Turkheim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley_(wine)" title="Loire Valley (wine)">Loire</a>: Clos de la Coulée-de-Serrant, Clos du Papillon (<a href="/wiki/Savenni%C3%A8res_wine" title="Savennières wine">Savennières</a>), Le Grand Clos (<a href="/wiki/Bourgueil" title="Bourgueil">Bourgueil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_wine" title="Rhône wine">Rhône</a>: Clos des Papes, Clos du Mont-Olivet, Clos de l'Oratoire des Papes (<a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-du-Pape" title="Châteauneuf-du-Pape">Châteauneuf-du-Pape</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_France_(wine_region)" title="South West France (wine region)">South West France</a>: Clos La Coutale, Clos de Gamot, Clos Lapeyre,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clos Triguedina (<a href="/wiki/Cahors_wine" title="Cahors wine">Cahors</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_wine" title="Swiss wine">Switzerland</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clos_(vineyard)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a>: Clos des Abbayes, Clos des Moines (<a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9zaley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dézaley (page does not exist)">Dézaley</a>), Clos du Paradis (<a href="/wiki/Aigle_VD" class="mw-redirect" title="Aigle VD">Aigle</a>), Clos du Rocher, Clos des Rennauds (<a href="/wiki/Yvorne" title="Yvorne">Yvorne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a>: Clos Grand Brûlé, Clos des Montibeux (<a href="/wiki/Leytron" title="Leytron">Leytron</a>), Clos de Balavaud (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9troz" title="Vétroz">Vétroz</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany"><a href="/wiki/German_wine" title="German wine">Germany</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clos_(vineyard)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rheingau_(wine_region)" title="Rheingau (wine region)">Rheingau</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hattenheim" title="Hattenheim">Hattenheimer</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattenheimer_Pfaffenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hattenheimer Pfaffenberg (page does not exist)">Pfaffenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steinberg,_Kloster_Eberbach" title="Steinberg, Kloster Eberbach">Steinberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eberbach_Abbey" title="Eberbach Abbey">Eberbach Abbey</a>), <a href="/wiki/Neroberg" title="Neroberg">Neroberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinhessen_(wine_region)" title="Rheinhessen (wine region)">Rheinhessen</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heidesheim_am_Rhein#The_Castle_Mill" title="Heidesheim am Rhein">Schlossmühle</a> in Heidesheim, <a href="/wiki/Niersteiner_Gl%C3%B6ck" title="Niersteiner Glöck">Niersteiner Glöck</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_wine" title="Portuguese wine">Portugal</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clos_(vineyard)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pico_IPR" title="Pico IPR">Pico</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7ores_VR" title="Açores VR">Azores</a>: Nearly all of the vineyards on the island of Pico are enclosed by stone walls, both for protection and as a way to re-use the large number of volcanic rocks that had to be shifted off the soil when vines were first planted.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States"><a href="/wiki/United_States_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="United States wine">United States</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clos_(vineyard)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napa_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Napa Valley">Napa Valley</a>: Clos Du Val, Clos Pegase</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa"><a href="/wiki/South_African_wine" title="South African wine">South Africa</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clos_(vineyard)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stellenbosch_(wine_region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stellenbosch (wine region) (page does not exist)">Stellenbosch</a>: Clos Malverne</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="México"><span id="M.C3.A9xico"></span>México</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clos_(vineyard)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: México"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Valle de Guadalupe: Clos de Tres Cantos</li></ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steinberg_clos_rheingau-01s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior view of Steinberg, Kloster Eberbach walled vineyard"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Steinberg_clos_rheingau-01s.jpg/1800px-Steinberg_clos_rheingau-01s.jpg" decoding="async" width="1800" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Steinberg_clos_rheingau-01s.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1809" data-file-height="244" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Steinberg_clos_rheingau-01s.jpg" title="File:Steinberg clos rheingau-01s.jpg"> </a></div>Exterior view of <a href="/wiki/Steinberg,_Kloster_Eberbach" title="Steinberg, Kloster Eberbach">Steinberg, Kloster Eberbach</a> walled vineyard</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clos_(vineyard)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jancis_Robinson" title="Jancis Robinson">Robinson, Jancis</a> (2006). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Wine" title="The Oxford Companion to Wine">The Oxford Companion to Wine</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860990-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860990-2"><bdi>978-0-19-860990-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Wine&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-860990-2&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Jancis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClos+%28vineyard%29" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=739">Wine Pros</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090828034918/http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=739">Archived</a> 2009-08-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ciocco, Tom.: A wine term "Clos", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://terroir.winelibrary.com/2007/07/25/a-wine-term-clos/">Wine Library Terroir</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090828041233/http://terroir.winelibrary.com/2007/07/25/a-wine-term-clos/">Archived</a> 2009-08-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_Interprofessionnel_du_vin_de_Champagne" title="Comité Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne">Comité Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jurancon-lapeyre.fr/en">"Clos Lapeyre : Vin blanc sec et moelleux du Jurançon | Clos Lapeyre - Vins de Jurançon"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clos+Lapeyre+%3A+Vin+blanc+sec+et+moelleux+du+Juran%C3%A7on+%26%23124%3B+Clos+Lapeyre+-+Vins+de+Juran%C3%A7on&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jurancon-lapeyre.fr%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClos+%28vineyard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson" class="citation web cs1">Robinson, Jancis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jancisrobinson.com/articles/the-volcanic-wines-of-the-azores">"The volcanic wines of the Azores"</a>. <i>Jancis Robinson</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jancis+Robinson&rft.atitle=The+volcanic+wines+of+the+Azores&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Jancis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jancisrobinson.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-volcanic-wines-of-the-azores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClos+%28vineyard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Viticulture" title="Template:Viticulture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Viticulture" title="Template talk:Viticulture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Viticulture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Viticulture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Viticulture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biology and<br /> horticulture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampelography" title="Ampelography">Ampelography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_growth_cycle_of_grapevines" title="Annual growth cycle of grapevines">Annual growth cycle of grapevines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grape_varieties" title="List of grape varieties">Grape varieties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">Grapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_grape" title="Hybrid grape">Hybrid grape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Grape_Genome_Program" title="International Grape Genome Program">International Grape Genome Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripeness_in_viticulture" title="Ripeness in viticulture">Ripening</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Veraison" title="Veraison">Veraison</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootstock" title="Rootstock">Rootstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">Vineyard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis">Vitis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environmental<br /> variation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_categories_in_viticulture" title="Climate categories in viticulture">Climate categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diurnal_temperature_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Diurnal temperature variation">Diurnal temperature variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage" title="Drainage">Drainage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">Microclimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_climate_levels_in_viticulture" title="Regional climate levels in viticulture">Regional climate levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vineyard_soil_types" title="List of vineyard soil types">Soil types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">Topography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspect_(geography)" title="Aspect (geography)">aspect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">elevation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_(slope)" title="Grade (slope)">slope</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vineyard<br /> planting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Grapevine planting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propagation_of_grapevines" title="Propagation of grapevines">Propagation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_viticulture" title="Precision viticulture">Row orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trellis_(architecture)" title="Trellis (architecture)">Trellis design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine_training" title="Vine training">Vine training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yield_(wine)" title="Yield (wine)">Yield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vineyard<br /> management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canopy_(grape)" title="Canopy (grape)">Canopy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulure" title="Coulure">Coulure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erosion_control" title="Erosion control">Erosion control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">Fertilizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost" title="Frost">Frost damage prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viticulture#Green_harvest" title="Viticulture">Green harvest (<i>Vendange verte</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_pest_management" title="Integrated pest management">Integrated pest management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation_in_viticulture" title="Irrigation in viticulture">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klopotec" title="Klopotec">Klopotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerandage" title="Millerandage">Millerandage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruning" title="Pruning">Pruning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weed_control" title="Weed control">Weed control</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvest_(wine)" title="Harvest (wine)">Harvest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brix" title="Brix">Brix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripeness_in_viticulture" title="Ripeness in viticulture">Ripeness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage" title="Vintage">Vintage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather" title="Weather">Weather</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pests and<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_grape_diseases" title="List of grape diseases">diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_rot_(grape_disease)" title="Black rot (grape disease)">Black rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botrytis_cinerea" title="Botrytis cinerea">Botrytis bunch rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasiodiplodia_theobromae" title="Lasiodiplodia theobromae">Bot canker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_arm_of_grapevine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead arm of grapevine">Dead arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downy_mildew" title="Downy mildew">Downy mildew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapevine_yellows" title="Grapevine yellows">Grapevine yellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_French_Wine_Blight" title="Great French Wine Blight">Great French Wine Blight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agricultural_pest_nematode_species" title="List of agricultural pest nematode species">Nematodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylloxera" title="Phylloxera">Phylloxera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylella_fastidiosa" title="Xylella fastidiosa">Pierce's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powdery_mildew" title="Powdery mildew">Powdery mildew</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncinula_necator" title="Uncinula necator">Uncinula necator</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetranychus_urticae" title="Tetranychus urticae">Red spider mite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupoecilia_ambiguella" title="Eupoecilia ambiguella">Vine moth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approaches<br /> and issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_management" title="Adaptive management">Adaptive management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_wine" title="Biodynamic wine">Biodynamic wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_wine_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of climate change on wine production">Effects of climate change on wine production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_stewardship" title="Environmental stewardship">Environmental stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">Organic farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">Sustainable agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_viticulture_terms" title="Glossary of viticulture terms">Glossary of viticulture terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_wine_terms" title="Glossary of wine terms">Glossary of wine terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_winemaking_terms" title="Glossary of winemaking terms">Glossary of winemaking terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenology" title="Oenology">Oenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_wine" title="Outline of wine">Outline of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Viticulture" title="Category:Viticulture">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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