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id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Začiatok</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Delenie_podľa_štruktúry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delenie_podľa_štruktúry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Delenie podľa štruktúry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Delenie_podľa_štruktúry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Delenie podľa štruktúry</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Delenie_podľa_štruktúry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prokaryotické_bunky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prokaryotické_bunky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prokaryotické bunky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prokaryotické_bunky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eukaryotické_bunky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eukaryotické_bunky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Eukaryotické bunky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eukaryotické_bunky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vlastnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vlastnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vlastnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vlastnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tvar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tvar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tvar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tvar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veľkosť" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veľkosť"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Veľkosť</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veľkosť-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bunková_diferenciácia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bunková_diferenciácia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bunková diferenciácia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bunková_diferenciácia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rozmnožovanie_a_vývin_bunky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rozmnožovanie_a_vývin_bunky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rozmnožovanie a vývin bunky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rozmnožovanie_a_vývin_bunky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referencie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iné_projekty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iné_projekty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Iné projekty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iné_projekty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pozri_aj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pozri_aj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pozri aj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pozri_aj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externé_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externé_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Externé odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externé_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bunka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 175 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-175" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">175 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel – afrikánčina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelle_(Biologie)" title="Zelle (Biologie) – nemčina (švajčiarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zelle (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemčina (švajčiarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8B%8B%E1%88%B5" title="ህዋስ – amharčina" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ህዋስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celula" title="Celula – aragónčina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Celula" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABfcl%C4%93ofa" title="Līfclēofa – stará angličtina" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Līfclēofa" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="stará angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="कोशिका – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कोशिका" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="خلية – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" title="بنيقة – arabština (marocká)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بنيقة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabština (marocká)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="خليه – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="কোষ (জীৱবিজ্ঞান) – ásamčina" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কোষ (জীৱবিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ásamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – astúrčina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúrčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Лъамел – avarčina" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Лъамел" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCceyr%C9%99" title="Hüceyrə – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hüceyrə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87" title="حوجره – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حوجره" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článok"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Күҙәнәк – baškirčina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Күҙәнәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8Dstel%C4%97" title="Lōstelė – žemaitština" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lōstelė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula" title="Selula – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Selula" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Вуза – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вуза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="कोष (जीवविज्ञान) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कोष (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="သဲလ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သဲလ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="কোষ (জীববিজ্ঞান) – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোষ (জীববিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕྲ་ཕུང། – tibetčina" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕྲ་ཕུང།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellig" title="Kellig – bretónčina" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kellig" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86elija_(biologija)" title="Ćelija (biologija) – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ćelija (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81" title="Эс – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эс" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8l%C2%B7lula" title="Cèl·lula – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cèl·lula" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1%CC%A4-b%C3%A0u" title="Sá̤-bàu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sá̤-bàu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – čečenčina" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="خانە – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%88ka" title="Buňka – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Buňka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Пайрăм – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пайрăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(bioleg)" title="Cell (bioleg) – waleština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cell (bioleg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="waleština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celle_(biologi)" title="Celle (biologi) – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Celle (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelle_(Biologie)" title="Zelle (Biologie) – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zelle (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Κύτταρο – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύτταρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology) – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cell (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88elo_(biologio)" title="Ĉelo (biologio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉelo (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakk" title="Rakk – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rakk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zelula" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – extremadurština" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremadurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="سلول – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solu" title="Solu – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Solu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kykna" title="Kykna – faerčina" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kykna" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faerčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_(biologie)" title="Cellule (biologie) – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cellule (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8lula_(biologia)" title="Cèlula (biologia) – franko-provensálština" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cèlula (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="franko-provensálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel – severná frízština" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cill_(bitheola%C3%ADocht)" title="Cill (bitheolaíocht) – írčina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cill (bitheolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9loul_(byoloji)" title="Séloul (byoloji) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Séloul (byoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cealla_(bith-e%C3%B2las)" title="Cealla (bith-eòlas) – škótska gaelčina" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cealla (bith-eòlas)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škótska gaelčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8A%D9%84" title="سللۊل – gilačtina" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سللۊل" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekoveap%E1%BB%B9i" title="Tekoveapỹi – guaraníjčina" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekoveapỹi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraníjčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killag" title="Killag – mančina" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Killag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-p%C3%A2u" title="Se-pâu – čínština (dialekty Hakka)" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Se-pâu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Hakka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90" title="תא – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="कोशिका – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोशिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – hindština (Fidži)" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindština (Fidži)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanica" title="Stanica – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stanica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selil" title="Selil – haitská kreolčina" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Selil" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitská kreolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejt" title="Sejt – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sejt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%BB" title="Բջիջ – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բջիջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%BB" title="Բջիջ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բջիջ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_(biologia)" title="Cellula (biologia) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cellula (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi) – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sel (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellul" title="Cellul – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cellul" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula_(biolohia)" title="Selula (biolohia) – ilokánčina" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Selula (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3" title="Оагилг – inguština" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Оагилг" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celulo" title="Celulo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Celulo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruma" title="Fruma – islandčina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fruma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cellula" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(bailoji)" title="Sel (bailoji) – jamajská kreolština" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Sel (bailoji)" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamajská kreolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ji%27esle" title="ji'esle – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ji'esle" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8l_(biologi)" title="Sèl (biologi) – jávčina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sèl (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jávčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="უჯრედი – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უჯრედი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kletka" title="Kletka – karakalpačtina" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kletka" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takwatt" title="Takwatt – kabylčina" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Takwatt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Уэтэ – kabardčina" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Уэтэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Жасуша – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жасуша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="កោសិកាជីវវិទ្យា – khmérčina" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កោសិកាជីវវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmérčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6" title="ಜೀವಕೋಶ – kannadčina" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವಕೋಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" title="세포 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세포" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xane" title="Xane – kurdčina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xane" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kell" title="Kell – kornčina" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kell" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – kirgizština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cellula" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zell_(Biologie)" title="Zell (Biologie) – luxemburčina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zell (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Жаннакъатта – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Жаннакъатта" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – lezginčina" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula" title="Selula – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Selula" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akataffaali" title="Akataffaali – gandčina" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Akataffaali" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="gandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie) – limburčina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cel (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cellula" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%A5_(%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2)" title="ເຊລ (ຊີວະວິທະຍາ) – laoština" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຊລ (ຊີວະວິທະຍາ)" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%85stel%C4%97" title="Ląstelė – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ląstelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C5%ABna" title="Šūna – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šūna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sela" title="Sela – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sela" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Илпарчак – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Илпарчак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi) – minangkabaučina" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sel (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabaučina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="കോശം – malajálamčina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81" title="Эс – mongolčina" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="पेशी – maráthčina" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पेशी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi) – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sel (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကလာပ်စည်း – barmčina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကလာပ်စည်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Човэриця – erzjančina" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Човэриця" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="سلول – mázandaránčina" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سلول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mázandaránčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zell_(Biologie)" title="Zell (Biologie) – dolná nemčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Zell (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolná nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7" title="कोष – nevárčina" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोष" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie) – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cel (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celle" title="Celle – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Celle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celle" title="Celle – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Celle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%AEtre" title="Aître – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Aître" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_(biologia)" title="Cellula (biologia) – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cellula (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seelii_(Lubbiyyoo)" title="Seelii (Lubbiyyoo) – oromčina" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Seelii (Lubbiyyoo)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B7" title="କୋଷ – uríjčina" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୋଷ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="uríjčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82" title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ – pandžábčina" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžábčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – kapampangančina" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="kapampangančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kom%C3%B3rka" title="Komórka – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komórka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="خلیہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%87" title="ژونکه – paštčina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژونکه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsaykuq" title="Kawsaykuq – kečuánčina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsaykuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celul%C4%83_(biologie)" title="Celulă (biologie) – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Celulă (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celul%C3%A2_(biologie)" title="Celulâ (biologie) – arumunčina" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Celulâ (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Бунка (біолоґія) – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Бунка (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7:" title="रसकोष: – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रसकोष:" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Саанык – jakutčina" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саанык" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8llula" title="Cèllula – sicílčina" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cèllula" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicílčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88_%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%DA%99%D9%88" title="جيو گھرڙو – sindhčina" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جيو گھرڙو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealla" title="Sealla – saamčina (severná)" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sealla" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="saamčina (severná)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86elija_(biologija)" title="Ćelija (biologija) – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ćelija (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="සෛලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව) – sinhalčina" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෛලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celica" title="Celica – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Celica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyere_(Dzezvipenyu)" title="Nyere (Dzezvipenyu) – šončina" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nyere (Dzezvipenyu)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unug" title="Unug – somálčina" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Unug" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeliza" title="Qeliza – albánčina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qeliza" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ћелија (биологија) – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ћелија (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4lle_(Biologie)" title="Sälle (Biologie) – fríština (saterlandská)" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sälle (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="fríština (saterlandská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9l_(biologi)" title="Sél (biologi) – sundčina" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sél (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seli" title="Seli – swahilčina" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Seli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sipaw" title="sipaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sipaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81" title="உயிரணு – tamilčina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரணு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="జీవకణం – telugčina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవకణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ҳуҷайра – tadžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳуҷайра" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="เซลล์ (ชีววิทยา) – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซลล์ (ชีววิทยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96%C3%BDj%C3%BCk" title="Öýjük – turkménčina" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Öýjük" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula" title="Selula – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Selula" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCcre" title="Hücre – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hücre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B7%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Күзәнәк – tatárčina" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күзәнәк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Клітина – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клітина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="خلیہ – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujayra" title="Hujayra – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hujayra" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C5%82u%C5%82a" title="Sełuła – benátština" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sełuła" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="benátština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BF_b%C3%A0o" title="Tế bào – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tế bào" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%BCl" title="Siül – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Siül" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celule" title="Celule – valónčina" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Celule" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selul%C3%A1" title="Selulá – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Selulá" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-cell" title="I-cell – xhoština" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-cell" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhoština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="თოლი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%9C" title="צעל – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צעל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3r%C3%B3" title="Hóró – jorubčina" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hóró" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibau" title="Sibau – čuangčina" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sibau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="čuangčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="细胞 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="细胞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – čínština (klasická)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="čínština (klasická)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8-pau" title="Sè-pau – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sè-pau" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – kantončina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingqamuzana" title="Ingqamuzana – zuluština" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ingqamuzana" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7868#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bunka" title="Zobraziť 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><div id="Vorlage_BK" class="toccolours" style="border-width:0 0 1px 0; text-align: left; font-size: 95%; vertical-align: middle; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Symbol rozcestia"><img alt="Symbol rozcestia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/20px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/30px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/40px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> O iných významoch výrazu <i>Bunka</i> pozri <i><a href="/wiki/Bunka_(rozli%C5%A1ovacia_str%C3%A1nka)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bunka (rozlišovacia stránka)">Bunka (rozlišovacia stránka)</a></i>.</div> <p><b>Bunka</b> je najmenšia stavebná a funkčná jednotka všetkých <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiv%C3%BD_organizmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Živý organizmus">živých organizmov</a> (okrem <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADrus" title="Vírus">vírusov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viroid" title="Viroid">viroidov</a> a <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADrusoid" title="Vírusoid">vírusoidov</a>, ak sú aj tieto považované za živé organizmy), ktorá má všetky základné vlastnosti <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život">života</a>. Autorom tejto definície je český fyziológ <a href="/wiki/Jan_Evangelista_Purkyn%C4%9B" title="Jan Evangelista Purkyně">Jan Evangelista Purkyně</a>, ktorý ju prvýkrát vyslovil v roku 1837 na zjazde nemeckých lekárov a prírodovedcov v Prahe.<sup id="cite_ref-LF_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Môže byť samostatným <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiv%C3%A1_bytos%C5%A5" title="Živá bytosť">organizmom</a> alebo len časťou celku neschopnou samostatného života (napr. <a href="/wiki/Nervov%C3%A1_bunka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervová bunka">nervová bunka</a>). V prvom prípade sa hovorí o <a href="/wiki/Jednobunkov%C3%BD_organizmus" title="Jednobunkový organizmus">jednobunkovom</a>, v druhom o <a href="/wiki/Mnohobunkov%C3%BD_organizmus" title="Mnohobunkový organizmus">mnohobunkovom organizme</a>. </p><p>Bunky rôznych skupín živých organizmov sú veľmi rozmanité z hľadiska veľkosti a stavby, ale niektoré vlastnosti majú spoločné. Vnútorný živý obsah každej bunky (protoplast, <a href="/wiki/Protoplazma" title="Protoplazma">protoplazma</a>) je ohraničený dvojitou <a href="/wiki/Cytoplazmatick%C3%A1_membr%C3%A1na" title="Cytoplazmatická membrána">fosfolipidovou membránou</a> (tzv. cytoplazmatickou alebo bunkovou membránou). Vo vnútri bunky sa nachádza genetický materiál vždy vo forme <a href="/wiki/Deoxyribonukleov%C3%A1_kyselina" title="Deoxyribonukleová kyselina">DNA</a>, na rozdiel od vírusov, ktoré v niektorých prípadoch majú len <a href="/wiki/RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a>. Všetky bunky obsahujú tiež <a href="/wiki/Riboz%C3%B3m" title="Ribozóm">ribozómy</a>, malé organely slúžiace na syntézu proteínov (<a href="/wiki/Bielkovina" title="Bielkovina">bielkovín</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Delenie_podľa_štruktúry"><span id="Delenie_pod.C4.BEa_.C5.A1trukt.C3.BAry"></span>Delenie podľa štruktúry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Delenie podľa štruktúry" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Delenie podľa štruktúry"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Celltypes_SK.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Celltypes_SK.png/220px-Celltypes_SK.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Celltypes_SK.png/330px-Celltypes_SK.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Celltypes_SK.png/440px-Celltypes_SK.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="227" /></a><figcaption>Schéma <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoty" title="Eukaryoty">eukaryotickej</a> a <a href="/wiki/Prokaryota" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryota">prokaryotickej</a> bunky</figcaption></figure> <p>Existujú dva základné typy bunky, takzvané <a href="/wiki/Prokaryotick%C3%A1_bunka" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotická bunka">prokaryotické</a> (neobsahujú jadro) a <a href="/wiki/Eukaryotick%C3%A1_bunka" title="Eukaryotická bunka">eukaryotické</a> (obsahujú jadro). Prokaryoty sú jednobunkové organizmy, zatiaľ čo eukaryoty môžu byť jednobunkové alebo mnohobunkové. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prokaryotické_bunky"><span id="Prokaryotick.C3.A9_bunky"></span>Prokaryotické bunky</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Prokaryotické bunky" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Prokaryotické bunky"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hlavný článok:</i> <a href="/wiki/Prokaryoty" title="Prokaryoty">Prokaryoty</a> </p><p>Prokaryoty zahŕňajú <a href="/wiki/Bakt%C3%A9rie" title="Baktérie">baktérie</a> a <a href="/wiki/Arche%C3%B3ny" title="Archeóny">archeóny</a>, dve z troch domén <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život">života</a>. Prokaryotické bunky boli prvou formou života na Zemi, ktorá sa vyznačovala životne dôležitými biologickými procesmi vrátane bunkovej signalizácie. Prokaryotické bunky sú jednoduchšie a menšie ako eukaryotické bunky a neobsahujú membránovo viazané <a href="/wiki/Organela" title="Organela">organely</a>, ako je bunkové <a href="/wiki/Bunkov%C3%A9_jadro" title="Bunkové jadro">jadro</a>. DNA prokaryotickej bunky sa skladá z jedného kruhového chromozómu, ktorý je v priamom kontakte s <a href="/wiki/Cytoplazma" title="Cytoplazma">cytoplazmou</a>. Jadrová oblasť v cytoplazme sa nazýva <a href="/wiki/Nukleoid" title="Nukleoid">nukleoid</a> (jadrový ekvivalent). Väčšina prokaryotov patrí k najmenším organizmom s priemerom od 0,5 do 2,0 μm.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prokaryotická bunka má tri morfologické oblasti: </p> <ul><li>Bunku uzatvára <a href="/wiki/Cytoplazmatick%C3%A1_membr%C3%A1na" title="Cytoplazmatická membrána">plazmatická membrána</a> pokrytá bunkovou <a href="/wiki/Bunkov%C3%A1_stena" title="Bunková stena">stenou</a>. Bunková stena môže byť u niektorých baktérií obalená treťou vrstvou nazývanou kapsula. Aj keď väčšina prokaryotov má bunkovú membránu aj bunkovú stenu, existujú výnimky, ako napríklad Mycoplasma (baktérie) a Thermoplasma (archaea), u ktorých sa vyskytuje len vrstva bunkovej membrány. Plazmatická membrána a bunková stena dodávajú bunke tuhosť a oddeľujú vnútro bunky od jej okolia. Zároveň slúžia aj ako ochranný filter. Bunková stena baktérií pozostáva z peptidoglykánu a pôsobí ako ochranná bariéra proti vplyvom vonkajšieho prostredia. Taktiež zabraňuje rozširovaniu bunky a prasknutiu (cytolýze) v dôsledku osmotického tlaku v hypotonickom prostredí. Niektoré eukaryotické bunky (rastlinné bunky a bunky húb) tiež obsahujú bunkovú stenu.</li></ul> <ul><li>Vnútri bunky sa nachádza cytoplazmatická oblasť, ktorá obsahuje genóm (DNA), <a href="/wiki/Riboz%C3%B3m" title="Ribozóm">ribozómy</a> a rôzne druhy inklúzií. Nakoľko prokaryotická bunka neobsahuje jadro genetický materiál sa nachádza v cytoplazme, v jadrovej oblasti zvanej <a href="/wiki/Nukleoid" title="Nukleoid">nukleoid</a>. Prokaryoty môžu obsahovať extrachromozomálnu DNA v podobe <a href="/wiki/Plazmid" title="Plazmid">plazmidov</a>, ktoré sú zvyčajne kruhové. Lineárne bakteriálne plazmidy boli identifikované u niekoľkých druhoch spirochét, vrátane členov rodu Borrelia, najmä Borrelia burgdorferi, ktoré spôsobujú <a href="/wiki/Lymsk%C3%A1_boreli%C3%B3za" title="Lymská borelióza">lymskú boreliózu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plazmidy obsahujú dodatočné gény, ako napríklad gény zodpovedné za rezistenciu voči antibiotikám.</li></ul> <ul><li>Z povrchu bunky vyčnievajú do vonkajšieho prostredia <a href="/wiki/Bi%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Bičík">bičíky</a> a pili. Tieto štruktúry (nie sú prítomné u všetkých prokaryotoch) sú vyrobené z proteínov, ktoré uľahčujú pohyb a komunikáciu medzi bunkami.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eukaryotické_bunky"><span id="Eukaryotick.C3.A9_bunky"></span>Eukaryotické bunky</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Eukaryotické bunky" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Eukaryotické bunky"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hlavný článok:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoty" title="Eukaryoty">Eukaryoty</a> </p><p>Medzi eukaryotické organizmy patria rastliny, zvieratá, huby, slizovky, prvoky a riasy. Eukaryotické bunky sú asi pätnásťkrát väčšie ako typické prokaryotické bunky a môžu byť až tisíckrát objemnejšie. Hlavným rozlišovacím znakom eukaryotov v porovnaní s prokaryotmi je kompartmentalizácia, to znamená prítomnosť membránových <a href="/wiki/Organela" title="Organela">organel</a> (kompartmentov), v ktorých sa vykonávajú špecifické činnosti. Najdôležitejšou organelou je <a href="/wiki/Bunkov%C3%A9_jadro" title="Bunkové jadro">bunkové jadro</a>, v ktorej je umiestnená jadrová <a href="/wiki/Deoxyribonukleov%C3%A1_kyselina" title="Deoxyribonukleová kyselina">DNA</a>. Medzi ďalšie rozdiely v porovnaní s prokaryotickými bunkami patrí: </p> <ul><li>Funkcie plazmatickej membrány sú podobné ako u prokaryotov s malými rozdielmi v usporiadaní.</li> <li>Eukaryotická DNA je usporiadaná do jednej alebo viacerých lineárnych molekúl, nazývaných <a href="/wiki/Chromoz%C3%B3m" title="Chromozóm">chromozómy</a>, ktoré sú spojené s <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3n" title="Histón">histónovými proteínmi</a>. Celá chromozomálna DNA je uložená v bunkovom jadre a je oddelená od cytoplazmy jadrovou membránou. Niektoré eukaryotické organely, ako sú mitochondrie, taktiež obsahujú molekuly DNA.</li> <li>Mnoho eukaryotických buniek obsahuje primárnu <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADlium_(bunka)" title="Cílium (bunka)">cíliu</a>. Primárna cília má dôležitú úlohu v chemosenzácii, mechanosenzácii a termosenzácii. Každé cílium možno teda: „Vnímať ako zmyslový receptor bunky, ktorý koordinuje veľké množstvo bunkových signálnych dráh. Niekedy je ciliárna motilita prepojená so signalizáciu, prípadne s <a href="/wiki/Bunkov%C3%A9_delenie" title="Bunkové delenie">bunkovým delením</a> a diferenciáciou bunky.“<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pohyblivé eukaryoty sa môžu hýbať pomocou pohyblivých rias a <a href="/wiki/Bi%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Bičík">bičíkov</a>. Ihličnaté a kvitnúce rastliny neobsahujú pohyblivé bunky.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eukaryotické bičíky sú zložitejšie ako tie u prokaryotov.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Základný rozdiel medzi prokaryotickými a eukaryotickými bunkami je teda ten, že eukaryotické bunky sú vo všeobecnosti zložitejšie štruktúrované ako prokaryotické. Majú <a href="/wiki/Organela" title="Organela">organely</a> endomembránovej sústavy (okrem jadra sú to napríklad <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" title="Mitochondria">mitochondrie</a>, endoplazmatické retikulum, Golgiho aparát, lyzozómy a ďalšie). <a href="/wiki/Riboz%C3%B3m" title="Ribozóm">Ribozómy</a> eukaryotickej bunky, ktoré sa nachádzajú v cytoplazme, sú typu 80 <a href="/wiki/Svedberg" title="Svedberg">S</a>, ribozómy v mitochondriách a plastidoch sú približne 70 <a href="/wiki/Svedberg" title="Svedberg">S</a>, čo zodpovedá veľkosti prokaryotických ribozómov. Táto skutočnosť je jedným z dôkazov podporujúcich <a href="/wiki/Endosymbiotick%C3%A1_te%C3%B3ria" title="Endosymbiotická teória">endosymbiotickú teóriu</a> vzniku eukaryotických organizmov. </p><p>Iba rastlinné eukaryotické bunky majú <a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">plastidy</a>, špeciálne organely, ktorých primárnou funkciou je <a href="/wiki/Fotosynt%C3%A9za" title="Fotosyntéza">fotosyntéza</a>. Ďalšia odlišnosť <a href="/wiki/Rastlina" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastlina">rastlinných</a> od iných eukaryotických buniek (napr. živočíšnych) je tá, že majú <a href="/wiki/Bunkov%C3%A1_stena" title="Bunková stena">bunkovú stenu</a> a viac <a href="/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola">vakuol</a>. Bunkovú stenu majú aj bunky <a href="/wiki/Huby" title="Huby">húb</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Plant_cell_structure_sk.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Plant_cell_structure_sk.png/400px-Plant_cell_structure_sk.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Plant_cell_structure_sk.png/600px-Plant_cell_structure_sk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Plant_cell_structure_sk.png/800px-Plant_cell_structure_sk.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Schéma rastlinnej bunky. <a href="/wiki/Organela" title="Organela">Organely</a> (postupne od ľavého dolného rohu): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadrov%C3%BD_obal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadrový obal (stránka neexistuje)">jadrový obal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jadierko" title="Jadierko">jadierko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jadro" class="mw-disambig" title="Jadro">jadro</a>, drsné <a href="/wiki/Endoplazmatick%C3%A9_retikulum" title="Endoplazmatické retikulum">endoplazmatické retikulum</a> (ER), <a href="/wiki/Leukoplast" class="mw-disambig" title="Leukoplast">leukoplast</a>, (ostatná) <a href="/wiki/Cytoplazma" title="Cytoplazma">cytoplazma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golgiho_apar%C3%A1t" title="Golgiho aparát">Golgiho aparát</a> (GA), <a href="/wiki/Bunkov%C3%A1_stena" title="Bunková stena">bunková stena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peroxiz%C3%B3m" title="Peroxizóm">peroxizóm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cytoplazmatick%C3%A1_membr%C3%A1na" title="Cytoplazmatická membrána">cytoplazmatická membrána</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" title="Mitochondria">mitochondria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola">vakuola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplast</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plazmodezma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plazmodezma (stránka neexistuje)">plazmodezmy</a>, hladké ER, <a href="/wiki/Cytoskelet" title="Cytoskelet">cytoskelet</a>, malé membránové vezikuly (vačky) - súčasť membránového komplexu ER a GA, <a href="/wiki/Riboz%C3%B3m" title="Ribozóm">ribozóm</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Biological_cell.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg/400px-Biological_cell.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg/600px-Biological_cell.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg/800px-Biological_cell.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1466" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Schéma živočíšnej bunky. <a href="/wiki/Organela" title="Organela">Organely</a>: (1) <a href="/wiki/Jadierko" title="Jadierko">jadierko</a> (2) <a href="/wiki/Jadro" class="mw-disambig" title="Jadro">jadro</a> (3) <a href="/wiki/Riboz%C3%B3m" title="Ribozóm">ribozóm</a> (4) <a href="/wiki/Vezikula" title="Vezikula">vezikula</a> (membránový vačok), (5) drsné <a href="/wiki/Endoplazmatick%C3%A9_retikulum" title="Endoplazmatické retikulum">endoplazmatické retikulum</a> (ER), (6) <a href="/wiki/Golgiho_apar%C3%A1t" title="Golgiho aparát">Golgiho aparát</a>, (7) <a href="/wiki/Cytoskelet" title="Cytoskelet">cytoskelet</a>, (8) hladké endoplazmatické retikulum, (9) <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" title="Mitochondria">mitochondria</a>, (10) <a href="/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola">vakuola</a>, (11) (ostatná) <a href="/wiki/Cytoplazma" title="Cytoplazma">cytoplazma</a>, (12) <a href="/wiki/Lyzoz%C3%B3m" title="Lyzozóm">lyzozóm</a>, (13) <a href="/wiki/Centriola" title="Centriola">centrioly</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vlastnosti">Vlastnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Vlastnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vlastnosti"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Všetky bunky majú schopnosť <a href="/wiki/Proteosynt%C3%A9za" title="Proteosyntéza">syntézy bielkovín</a>, rozmnožovania, stálej látkovej a energetickej výmeny s okolím, samoregulácie a prispôsobovania, ukladania a premeny energie a látok (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1tkov%C3%A1_premena" title="Látková premena">metabolizmus)</a> </p><p>Všetky tieto vlastnosti súvisia s pôsobením a vznikom <a href="/wiki/Biomolekula" title="Biomolekula">biomolekúl</a>, ktorých vnútorná štruktúra sa značne líši od anorganickej hmoty. V bunke sa nachádzajú v určitých štruktúrach; najcharakteristickejšími sú membránové sústavy z lipidov a bielkovín a bunkové <a href="/wiki/Organela" title="Organela">organely</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADrus" title="Vírus">Vírusy</a> nemajú všetky uvedené vlastnosti, len pomerne samostatne existujúcimi bunkovými časťami. </p><p>Živá bunka je otvorený, vysoko usporiadaný a dynamický systém. Cez plazmatickú membránu si neustále vymieňa látky, energiu a informácie s okolím. Prebieha to tak, že hoci cez bunku stále tečie hmota a energia, je koncentrácia stavebných látok v bunke približne rovnaká. Reakcie vyžadujúce energiu sú spojené s reakciami uvoľňujúcimi energiu. </p><p><b><u>Látky prijímané bunkou sú potrebné na:</u></b> </p> <ul><li>krytie spotreby energie (tuky, cukry)</li> <li>stavbu bunky (<a href="/wiki/Bielkovina" title="Bielkovina">bielkoviny</a>, cukry)</li> <li>riadenie bunkovej činnosti (<a href="/wiki/Enz%C3%BDm" title="Enzým">enzýmy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horm%C3%B3n" title="Hormón">hormóny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bielkovina" title="Bielkovina">bielkoviny</a>)</li> <li>metabolizmus (<a href="/wiki/Vitam%C3%ADn" title="Vitamín">vitamíny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a>, <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B3n_(%C4%8Dastica)" title="Ión (častica)">ióny</a>)</li></ul> <p><b><u>Látky vylučované bunkou sú také, ktoré:</u></b> </p> <ul><li>bunka nepotrebuje, sú jej škodlivé alebo sú produktom jej metabolizmu (<a href="/wiki/Oxid_uhli%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid uhličitý">CO<sub>2</sub></a>, močovina)</li> <li>potrebujú iné bunky (<a href="/wiki/Horm%C3%B3n" title="Hormón">hormóny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitam%C3%ADn" title="Vitamín">vitamíny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enz%C3%BDm" title="Enzým">enzýmy</a>)</li> <li>treba na ochranu (<a href="/wiki/Protil%C3%A1tka" title="Protilátka">protilátky</a>)</li></ul> <p><u>Osmotickými vlastnosťami bunky sú <a href="/wiki/Osmotick%C3%BD_tlak" title="Osmotický tlak">osmotický tlak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osmotick%C3%BD_potenci%C3%A1l" title="Osmotický potenciál">osmotický potenciál</a> a <a href="/wiki/Vodn%C3%BD_potenci%C3%A1l" title="Vodný potenciál">vodný potenciál</a>.</u> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tvar">Tvar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Tvar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Tvar"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bunky môžu mať rozmanitý tvar. Základný tvar je guľovitý, s ktorým sa možno stretnúť prevažne u voľných buniek. Bunky zoskupené do <a href="/wiki/Tkanivo" title="Tkanivo">tkanív</a> a <a href="/wiki/Pletivo_(bunky)" title="Pletivo (bunky)">pletív</a> nadobúdajú rôzne tvary, ktoré sú závislé od ich funkcie a miesta, ktoré v organizme zaberajú. V <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8D%C3%ADch" class="mw-redirect" title="Živočích">živočíšnom</a> tele sa nachádza široká škála tvarov buniek od guľovitého až po vláknitý s rôznymi prechodmi. Bunky <a href="/wiki/Kryc%C3%AD_epitel" title="Krycí epitel">krycích epitelov</a> bývajú kubické, prípadne valcovité, <a href="/wiki/Myocyt" title="Myocyt">svalové bunky</a> bývajú vretenovité, <a href="/wiki/Fibrocyt" title="Fibrocyt">väzivové bunky</a> nadobúdajú hviezdicovitý tvar, <a href="/wiki/Nervov%C3%A1_bunka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervová bunka">nervové</a> a <a href="/wiki/Osteocyt" title="Osteocyt">kostené</a> majú mnoho výbežkov. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veľkosť"><span id="Ve.C4.BEkos.C5.A5"></span>Veľkosť</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Veľkosť" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Veľkosť"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Podobne sa bunky odlišujú aj veľkosťou. Väčšina buniek svojimi rozmermi neprekročí 10 – 30 µm. Niektoré bunky však dosahujú extrémne rozmery (napr. <a href="/wiki/Ax%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Axón">axóny</a> niektorých nervových buniek človeka dosahujú dĺžku až 1 m). Medzi najväčšie bunky patria živočíšne vajíčka. Najväčšou známou bunkou je vajce <a href="/wiki/P%C5%A1tros" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pštros">pštrosa</a>, ktoré obsahuje veľa prídavných látok a má obsah niekoľko litrov. (Vajcia najväčších druhohorných dinosaurov boli, samozrejme, ešte väčšie.) Medzi najmenšie eukaryotické bunky patria <a href="/wiki/Spermia" title="Spermia">spermie</a>. Čo sa týka dolnej hranice, priemer bunky nemôže klesnúť pod 20 nm. Najmenšie bunky sú <a href="/wiki/Mykoplazma" title="Mykoplazma">mykoplazmy</a>. </p><p>Zaujímavé je, hoci to nie je pravidlom, že rozmery buniek a organizmov sú si úmerné. Veľké živočíchy mávajú veľké bunky. Bunky zhodných orgánov u rôznych jedincov majú obyčajne zhodné rozmery. Podobne aj počet buniek v telách živočíchov toho istého druhu kolíše v určitom rozmedzí; napr. človek má približne 25 x 10<sup>15</sup> buniek.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sú známe aj prípady, keď je počet buniek stály. Tento jav sa nazýva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eut%C3%A9lia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eutélia (stránka neexistuje)">eutélia</a> a pozoruje sa u niektorých <a href="/wiki/Hl%C3%ADstovce" title="Hlístovce">hlístovcov</a> a iných <a href="/wiki/Pseudocoelomata" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudocoelomata">pseudocoelomových</a> živočíchov. </p><p>Hmotnosť živočíšnych buniek je priemerne 2 ng. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bunková_diferenciácia"><span id="Bunkov.C3.A1_diferenci.C3.A1cia"></span>Bunková diferenciácia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Bunková diferenciácia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Bunková diferenciácia"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U mnohobunkových organizmov spravidla dochádza k <a href="/wiki/Bunkov%C3%A1_diferenci%C3%A1cia" title="Bunková diferenciácia">bunkovej diferenciácii</a>, čiže bunky sa v organizme špecializujú na určité funkcie. Zhluk rovnako diferencovaných (teda rovnako špecializovaných) buniek sa nazýva <a href="/wiki/Tkanivo" title="Tkanivo">tkanivo</a> alebo <a href="/wiki/Pletivo_(bunky)" title="Pletivo (bunky)">pletivo</a>. </p><p>Bunky mnohobunkovcov mávajú oproti bunkám jednobunkovcov často aj dodatočné štrukturálne a funkčné vlastnosti, ktoré vyplývajú z nutnosti spolupráce bunky s tkanivom, vedenia látok a vzruchov, mechanického spevnenia a podobne. Niektoré bunky plnia funkcie v organizme aj (alebo výlučne) po <a href="/wiki/Bunkov%C3%A1_smr%C5%A5" title="Bunková smrť">svojej smrti</a>, napríklad bunky <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cievice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cievice (stránka neexistuje)">cievic</a> (tracheíd) v rastlinách. </p><p>U človeka sa rozoznáva 5 základných druhov buniek:<sup id="cite_ref-LF_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nervov%C3%A9_tkanivo" title="Nervové tkanivo">nervové bunky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svalov%C3%A9_tkanivo" title="Svalové tkanivo">svalové bunky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitel" title="Epitel">bunky epitelu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podporn%C3%A9_tkanivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Podporné tkanivo">bunky spojiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krvné elementy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rozmnožovanie_a_vývin_bunky"><span id="Rozmno.C5.BEovanie_a_v.C3.BDvin_bunky"></span>Rozmnožovanie a vývin bunky</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Upraviť sekciu: Rozmnožovanie a vývin bunky" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Rozmnožovanie a vývin bunky"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bunky sa vždy rozmnožujú delením – pozri <a href="/wiki/Bunkov%C3%A9_delenie" title="Bunkové delenie">Bunkové delenie</a>. Poznáme tri základné typy delenia bunky. Prokaryoty sa rozmnožujú tzv. <a href="/wiki/Amit%C3%B3za" title="Amitóza">amitózou</a>. Ďalšie dva typy bunkového delenia, <a href="/wiki/Mit%C3%B3za" title="Mitóza">mitóza</a> a <a href="/wiki/Mei%C3%B3za" title="Meióza">meióza</a> sa vyskytujú len u eukaryotov. </p><p>Vývin bunky medzi dvoma deleniami sa nazýva <a href="/wiki/Bunkov%C3%BD_cyklus" title="Bunkový cyklus">bunkový cyklus</a>. Trvanie tohto cyklu je geneticky naprogramované a určuje dĺžku života bunky (u niektorých baktérií 30 minút, niektoré jednobunkovce 24 hodín, nervové bunky toľko ako celý organizmus). Všeobecne platí, že čím je bunka špecializovanejšia, tým má menšiu schopnosť sa deliť. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Referencie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LF-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-LF_1-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LF_1-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">KITTNAR, Otomar a kol. <i>Lékařská fyziologie</i>. Praha : <a href="/wiki/Grada" class="mw-redirect" title="Grada">Grada</a>, 2011. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-80-247-3068-4" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-80-247-3068-4">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-80-247-3068-4</span></a></span>. S. 11. (po česky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">BLACK, JACQUELYN G.. <i>Microbiology : principles and explorations</i>. [s.l.] : John Wiley & Sons, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/300261388">Dostupné online.</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/0471420840" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/0471420840">ISBN <span class="ISBN">0471420840</span></a></span>. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">STOESSER, Guenter. <i>EBI (EMBL-EBI, European Bioinformatics Institute)</i>. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004-10-15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471650129.dob0196">Dostupné online.</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/0471650129" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/0471650129">ISBN <span class="ISBN">0471650129</span></a></span>. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">SATIR, Peter; CHRISTENSEN, Søren T.. Structure and function of mammalian cilia. <i>Histochemistry and Cell Biology</i>, 2008-03-26, roč. 129, čís. 6, s. 687–693. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00418-008-0416-9">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2019-08-16]. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/0948-6143">0948-6143</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00418-008-0416-9">10.1007/s00418-008-0416-9</a>. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">EVERT, Ray F.; EICHHORN, Susan E.. Biology of Plants. <i>6th edition</i>, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-319-15626-8">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2019-08-16]. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-319-15626-8">10.1007/978-1-319-15626-8</a>. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">BLAIR, David F.; DUTCHER, Susan K.. Flagella in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. <i>Current Opinion in Genetics & Development</i>, 1992-01, roč. 2, čís. 5, s. 756–767. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80136-4">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2019-08-16]. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/0959-437X">0959-437X</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0959-437x%2805%2980136-4">10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80136-4</a>. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">ČIHÁK. <i>Anatomie 1</i>. Praha : Grada Publishing, 2011 (3. vydanie). <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-80-247-3817-8" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-80-247-3817-8">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-80-247-3817-8</span></a></span>. Kapitola Přehled stavby lidského těla, s. 8. (po česky)</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iné_projekty"><span id="In.C3.A9_projekty"></span>Iné projekty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Upraviť sekciu: Iné projekty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Iné projekty"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cell_biology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cell biology">Commons</a></div><div class="interProject wiktionary" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sk.wiktionary.org/wiki/bunka" class="extiw" title="wikt:bunka">Wikislovník</a></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spolupracuj na Commons"><img alt="Spolupracuj na Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na tému <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cell_biology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cell biology">Bunka</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spolupracuj na Wikislovníku"><img alt="Spolupracuj na Wikislovníku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png/18px-Wiktionary-ico-de.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png/27px-Wiktionary-ico-de.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></span></span> Wikislovník ponúka heslo <b><a href="https://sk.wiktionary.org/wiki/bunka" class="extiw" title="wikt:bunka"><b>Bunka</b></a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pozri_aj">Pozri aj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Upraviť sekciu: Pozri aj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&action=edit&section=11" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pozri aj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rastlinn%C3%A1_bunka" title="Rastlinná bunka">rastlinná bunka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8D%C3%AD%C5%A1na_bunka" title="Živočíšna bunka">živočíšna bunka</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externé_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.A9_odkazy"></span>Externé odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Upraviť sekciu: Externé odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunka&action=edit&section=12" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externé odkazy"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cytgen.com/">Cytology and Genetics</a> – časopis "Cytológia a Genetika"</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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