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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adabiyotlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adabiyotlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Adabiyotlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adabiyotlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oʻqish_uchun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oʻqish_uchun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Oʻqish uchun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oʻqish_uchun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Havolalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Havolalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Havolalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Havolalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hujayra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 175 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-175" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">175 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelle_(Biologie)" title="Zelle (Biologie) – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zelle (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8B%8B%E1%88%B5" title="ህዋስ – amxar" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ህዋስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amxar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celula" title="Celula – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Celula" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABfcl%C4%93ofa" title="Līfclēofa – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Līfclēofa" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="कोशिका – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कोशिका" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="خلية – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" title="بنيقة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بنيقة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="خليه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="কোষ (জীৱবিজ্ঞান) – assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কোষ (জীৱবিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Лъамел – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Лъамел" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCceyr%C9%99" title="Hüceyrə – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hüceyrə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87" title="حوجره – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حوجره" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Күҙәнәк – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Күҙәнәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8Dstel%C4%97" title="Lōstelė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lōstelė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula" title="Selula – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Selula" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Вуза – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вуза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="कोष (जीवविज्ञान) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कोष (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="သဲလ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သဲလ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="কোষ (জীববিজ্ঞান) – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোষ (জীববিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕྲ་ཕུང། – tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕྲ་ཕུང།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellig" title="Kellig – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kellig" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86elija_(biologija)" title="Ćelija (biologija) – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ćelija (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81" title="Эс – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эс" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8l%C2%B7lula" title="Cèl·lula – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cèl·lula" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1%CC%A4-b%C3%A0u" title="Sá̤-bàu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sá̤-bàu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="خانە – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%88ka" title="Buňka – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Buňka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Пайрăм – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пайрăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(bioleg)" title="Cell (bioleg) – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cell (bioleg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celle_(biologi)" title="Celle (biologi) – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Celle (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelle_(Biologie)" title="Zelle (Biologie) – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zelle (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Κύτταρο – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύτταρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology) – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cell (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88elo_(biologio)" title="Ĉelo (biologio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉelo (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakk" title="Rakk – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rakk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zelula" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="سلول – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solu" title="Solu – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Solu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kykna" title="Kykna – farercha" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kykna" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farercha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_(biologie)" title="Cellule (biologie) – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cellule (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8lula_(biologia)" title="Cèlula (biologia) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cèlula (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel – shimoliy friz" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="shimoliy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cill_(bitheola%C3%ADocht)" title="Cill (bitheolaíocht) – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cill (bitheolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9loul_(byoloji)" title="Séloul (byoloji) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Séloul (byoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cealla_(bith-e%C3%B2las)" title="Cealla (bith-eòlas) – shotland-gel" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cealla (bith-eòlas)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="shotland-gel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8A%D9%84" title="سللۊل – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سللۊل" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekoveap%E1%BB%B9i" title="Tekoveapỹi – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekoveapỹi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killag" title="Killag – men" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Killag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="men" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-p%C3%A2u" title="Se-pâu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Se-pâu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90" title="תא – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="कोशिका – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोशिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanica" title="Stanica – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stanica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selil" title="Selil – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Selil" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejt" title="Sejt – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sejt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%BB" title="Բջիջ – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բջիջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%BB" title="Բջիջ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բջիջ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_(biologia)" title="Cellula (biologia) – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cellula (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi) – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sel (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellul" title="Cellul – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cellul" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula_(biolohia)" title="Selula (biolohia) – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Selula (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3" title="Оагилг – ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Оагилг" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celulo" title="Celulo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Celulo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruma" title="Fruma – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fruma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cellula" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(bailoji)" title="Sel (bailoji) – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Sel (bailoji)" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ji%27esle" title="ji'esle – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ji'esle" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8l_(biologi)" title="Sèl (biologi) – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sèl (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="უჯრედი – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უჯრედი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kletka" title="Kletka – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kletka" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takwatt" title="Takwatt – kabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Takwatt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Уэтэ – kabardin" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Уэтэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Жасуша – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жасуша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="កោសិកាជីវវិទ្យា – xmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កោសិកាជីវវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="xmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6" title="ಜೀವಕೋಶ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವಕೋಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" title="세포 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세포" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xane" title="Xane – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xane" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kell" title="Kell – korn" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kell" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cellula" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zell_(Biologie)" title="Zell (Biologie) – lyuksemburgcha" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zell (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lyuksemburgcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Жаннакъатта – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Жаннакъатта" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – lezgin" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula" title="Selula – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Selula" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akataffaali" title="Akataffaali – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Akataffaali" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie) – limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cel (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cellula" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%A5_(%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2)" title="ເຊລ (ຊີວະວິທະຍາ) – laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຊລ (ຊີວະວິທະຍາ)" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%85stel%C4%97" title="Ląstelė – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ląstelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C5%ABna" title="Šūna – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šūna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sela" title="Sela – malagasiy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sela" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Илпарчак – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Илпарчак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi) – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sel (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="കോശം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81" title="Эс – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="पेशी – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पेशी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi) – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sel (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကလာပ်စည်း – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကလာပ်စည်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Човэриця – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Човэриця" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="سلول – mozandaron" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سلول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mozandaron" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zell_(Biologie)" title="Zell (Biologie) – quyi nemis" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Zell (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="quyi nemis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7" title="कोष – nevar" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोष" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie) – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cel (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celle" title="Celle – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Celle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celle" title="Celle – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Celle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%AEtre" title="Aître – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Aître" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_(biologia)" title="Cellula (biologia) – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cellula (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seelii_(Lubbiyyoo)" title="Seelii (Lubbiyyoo) – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Seelii (Lubbiyyoo)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B7" title="କୋଷ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୋଷ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82" title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kom%C3%B3rka" title="Komórka – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komórka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="خلیہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%87" title="ژونکه – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژونکه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsaykuq" title="Kawsaykuq – kechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsaykuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celul%C4%83_(biologie)" title="Celulă (biologie) – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Celulă (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celul%C3%A2_(biologie)" title="Celulâ (biologie) – arumin" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Celulâ (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Бунка (біолоґія) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Бунка (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7:" title="रसकोष: – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रसकोष:" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Саанык – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саанык" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8llula" title="Cèllula – sitsiliya" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cèllula" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiliya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88_%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%DA%99%D9%88" title="جيو گھرڙو – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جيو گھرڙو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealla" title="Sealla – shimoliy saam" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sealla" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="shimoliy saam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86elija_(biologija)" title="Ćelija (biologija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ćelija (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="සෛලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව) – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෛලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunka" title="Bunka – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bunka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celica" title="Celica – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Celica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyere_(Dzezvipenyu)" title="Nyere (Dzezvipenyu) – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nyere (Dzezvipenyu)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unug" title="Unug – somalicha" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Unug" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalicha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeliza" title="Qeliza – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qeliza" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ћелија (биологија) – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ћелија (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4lle_(Biologie)" title="Sälle (Biologie) – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sälle (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9l_(biologi)" title="Sél (biologi) – sundan" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sél (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seli" title="Seli – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Seli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sipaw" title="sipaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sipaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81" title="உயிரணு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரணு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="జీవకణం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవకణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ҳуҷайра – tojik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳуҷайра" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tojik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="เซลล์ (ชีววิทยา) – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซลล์ (ชีววิทยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96%C3%BDj%C3%BCk" title="Öýjük – turkman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Öýjük" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula" title="Selula – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Selula" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCcre" title="Hücre – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hücre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B7%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Күзәнәк – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күзәнәк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Клітина – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клітина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="خلیہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C5%82u%C5%82a" title="Sełuła – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sełuła" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BF_b%C3%A0o" title="Tế bào – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tế bào" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%BCl" title="Siül – volapyuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Siül" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celule" title="Celule – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Celule" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selul%C3%A1" title="Selulá – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Selulá" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-cell" title="I-cell – kxosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-cell" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="kxosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="თოლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%9C" title="צעל – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צעל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3r%C3%B3" title="Hóró – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hóró" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibau" title="Sibau – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sibau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="细胞 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="细胞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8-pau" title="Sè-pau – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sè-pau" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingqamuzana" title="Ingqamuzana – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ingqamuzana" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7868#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hujayra" title="Sahifani ko‘rish [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Maqola</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munozara:Hujayra" rel="discussion" title="Sahifa matni borasida munozara [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Til variantini oʻzgartirish" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">lotin/кирилл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-uz mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&variant=uz" lang="uz" hreflang="uz"><span>lotin/кирилл</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-uz-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&variant=uz-latn" lang="uz-Latn" hreflang="uz-Latn"><span>lotin</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-uz-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&variant=uz-cyrl" lang="uz-Cyrl" hreflang="uz-Cyrl"><span>кирилл</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Koʻrinishlar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hujayra"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&action=history" title="Bu sahifaning oʻzgarishlar tarixi [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Asboblar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Asboblar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Asboblar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Amallar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hujayra"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&action=history"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umumiy </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:WhatLinksHere/Hujayra" title="Ushbu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalar roʻyxati [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Bu yerga ishoratlar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChangesLinked/Hujayra" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalardagi yangi oʻzgarishlar [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Bogʻliq oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:SpecialPages" title="Maxsus sahifalar ro‘yxati [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Maxsus sahifalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&oldid=4024421" title="Sahifaning ushbu versiyasiga doimiy ishorat"><span>Doimiy havola</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&action=info" title="Bu sahifa haqida koʻproq maʼlumot"><span>Sahifa haqida maʼlumot</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CiteThisPage&page=Hujayra&id=4024421&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Sahifadan matn parchasi ajratish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHujayra"><span>Qisqartirilgan URL-manzilni olish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHujayra"><span>QR-kodni yuklab olish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nashr/eksport qilish </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hujayra&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF sifatida yuklash</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Ushbu sahifaning bosma uchun versiyasi [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bosma uchun versiya</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Boshqa loyihalarda </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cells" hreflang="en"><span>Vikiombor</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7868" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikimaʼlumotlar bandi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Qiyofa</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Epithelial-cells.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Epithelial-cells.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="202" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="202" /></a><figcaption>Hujayralar mikroskop ostida (qulay farqlanishi uchun boʻyalgan; suratda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keratin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keratin (sahifa yaratilmagan)">keratin</a> (qizil) va <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a> (yashil) koʻrinib turibdi.</figcaption></figure><table class="infobox" cellspacing="1" style="width:270px;"><caption class="" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; background-color:#AED4F2;"><a href="/wiki/Hayvonlar" title="Hayvonlar">Hayvon</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">hujayrasi</a></caption> <tbody><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Animal_Cell.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Animal_Cell.svg/300px-Animal_Cell.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Animal_Cell.svg/450px-Animal_Cell.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Animal_Cell.svg/600px-Animal_Cell.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="811" /></a></span><br /><span style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eukariotlar" title="Eukariotlar">Eukaryotik</a> hujayra <a href="/wiki/Organellalar" title="Organellalar">organellalari</a>: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Yadrocha" title="Yadrocha">Yadrocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujayra_yadrosi" title="Hujayra yadrosi">Hujayra yadrosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribosoma" title="Ribosoma">Ribosoma</a></li> <li>Vesicle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoplazmatik_to%CA%BBr" title="Endoplazmatik toʻr">Endoplazmatik toʻr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golji_kompleksi" title="Golji kompleksi">Golji kompleksi</a></li> <li>Cytoskeleton</li> <li>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitoxondriya" title="Mitoxondriya">Mitoxondriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakuolalar" title="Vakuolalar">Vakuolalar</a></li> <li>Cytosol (<a href="/wiki/Organellalar" title="Organellalar">organellalarni</a> o'z ichiga olgan suyuqlik; <a href="/wiki/Sitoplazma" title="Sitoplazma">sitoplazmani</a> o'z ichiga oladi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizosoma" title="Lizosoma">Lizosoma</a></li> <li>Centrosome</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazmatik_membrana" title="Plazmatik membrana">Plazmatik membrana</a></li></ol> </div></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Hujayra</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lotin_tili" title="Lotin tili">lotincha</a>: <i>cellula</i> — „katakcha“ uycha,,) barcha <a href="/wiki/Tiriklik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiriklik">hayot</a> <a href="/wiki/Organizm" title="Organizm">organizmlarning</a> tuzilish, tarkibiy va funksional birligidir (<a href="/wiki/Virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus">viruslar</a> bundan mustasno). Hujayra organizmning yashayotgan eng kichik boʻlagi, deb belgilanadi. Baʼzi organizmlar (masalan, <a href="/wiki/Bakteriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakteriya">bakteriyalar</a>) <a href="/wiki/Bir_hujayrali" class="mw-redirect" title="Bir hujayrali">bir hujayralidir</a>, yaʼni faqat bitta hujayraga ega. Boshqa organizmlar esa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%CA%BBp_hujayrali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koʻp hujayrali (sahifa yaratilmagan)">koʻp hujayralidir</a> (masalan, oʻrtacha <a href="/wiki/Odam" title="Odam">odam</a> 100 trillion yoki 10<sup>14</sup> hujayradan iboratdir; oʻrtacha hujayra oʻlchami 10 <a href="/wiki/Mikrometr" title="Mikrometr">mikrometr</a>, massasi esa 1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanogram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanogram (sahifa yaratilmagan)">nanogramdir</a>). Eng katta hujayra <a href="/wiki/Tuyaqush" title="Tuyaqush">tuyaqush</a> <a href="/wiki/Tuxum" title="Tuxum">tuxumi</a> boʻlib, uzunligi 15 sm, massasi 1.4 kg gacha boʻladi. Hujayrani ilk marta <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huk" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Huk">Robert Guk</a> 1665-yilda kashf qilgan<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Hujayra alohida organizm sifatida hayot kechirishi (bakteriyalar, <a href="/wiki/Eng_sodda_hayvonlar" title="Eng sodda hayvonlar">eng sodda hayvonlar</a>, ayrim <a href="/wiki/Suvo%CA%BBtlar" title="Suvoʻtlar">suvoʻtlar</a> va <a href="/wiki/Zamburug%CA%BBlar" title="Zamburugʻlar">zamburugʻlar</a>) yoki koʻp hujayrali organizmlar <a href="/wiki/To%CA%BBqima" title="Toʻqima">toʻqimalari</a> tarkibiga kirishi mumkin. Genetik apparat <a href="/wiki/Eukariotlar" title="Eukariotlar">eukariotlarda</a> <a href="/wiki/Sitoplazma" title="Sitoplazma">sitoplazma</a> <a href="/wiki/Membrana" class="mw-disambig" title="Membrana">membrana</a> bilan ajralgan <a href="/wiki/Yadro" title="Yadro">yadroda</a>; prokariotlar esa <a href="/wiki/Nukleotidlar" title="Nukleotidlar">nukleoidda</a> joylashadi. Jinsiy hujayra <a href="/wiki/Meyoz" title="Meyoz">meyoz</a> natijasida hosil boʻladi. </p><p>Hujayra oʻlchami 0,1—0,25 mkm dan (ayrim bakteriyalar) 155 mm gacha (tuyaqush tuxumi). Hujayraning xilma-xil funksiyasini ixtisoslashgan ichki strukturalar — organoidlar bajaradi. Hujayraning universal organoidlari: <a href="/wiki/Yadro" title="Yadro">yadroda</a> — <a href="/wiki/Xromosomalar" title="Xromosomalar">xromosomalar</a>, sitoplazmada — ribosomalar, mitoxondriyalar, endoplazmatik toʻr, Golji kompleksi, lizosomalgr. Ayrim manbalarda hujayra membranasi ham organoidlar qatoriga kiritiladi. Koʻpchilik hujayrada boʻladigan membrana strukturalari — mikronaychalar, mikrofibrillalar hujayra shaklining; hujayra kiritmalari hujayra tarkibining doimiyligini taʼminlash vazifasini bajaradi. </p><p>Hujayra ichida va organizmning ichki suyuq muhitida boʻladigan oqsillar, jumladan, fermentlar ham hujayrada sintezlanadi. Hujayraning har qaysi organoidi faqat unga xos vazifani bajaradi. Masalan, eukariotlarda hujayraning nafas olishi faqat mitoxondriyalar membranalarida, oqsil sintezi — ribosomalarda kechadi. Fermentlarning konsentratsiyalanishi va ularning hujayrastrukturasida muayyan tartibda joylashuvi kimyoviy reaksiyalarni tezlashtirib, ketma-ket borishi (konveyer prinsipi)ni taʼminlaydi. Hujayraga xos mikrogeterogenlik xususiyati bir xildagi komponentdan bir vaqtning oʻzida har xil moddalarni juda oz miqdor (mikrohajm)da sintezlash imkonini beradi. Ixchamlik prinsipi ayniqsa DNK strukturasi uchun xos. Masalan, odam tuxumhujayrasining 61012g keladigan DNK si organizm uchun xos boʻlgan barcha oqsillarni kodlaydi. Hujayra ichida ionlarning muayyan konsentratsiyasi saqlanadi. Hujayra muhitdan yirik molekulalar, jumladan, oqsillar, hatto viruslarni pinotsitoz, ayrim mayda hujayralar va ular fragmentlarini fagotsitoz orqali yutish xususiyatiga ega. </p><p>Oʻsimlik hujayrasi hujayra membranasi sirtidan qattiq qobiqbn qoplangan (qobiq jinsiy hujayrada boʻlmaydi). Hujayra qobigʻida teshikchalar bor. Bu teshikchalardan oʻtadigan sitoplazma oʻsimtalari orqali qoʻshni hujayra oʻzaro bogʻlangan. Oʻsishdan toʻxtagan hujayra qobigʻiga lignin, kremnezem yoki b. moddalar shimilishi natijasida ancha pishiq va qattiq boʻlib qoladi. Oʻsimlik yogʻochining pishiqligi ana shu moddalarga bogʻliq. Ayrim oʻsimliklar toʻqimasi hujayralari ayniqsa juda pishiqHujayra devoriga ega boʻlib, hujayra halok boʻlgandan soʻng ham oʻzining tayanch skeletlik funksiyasini saqlab qoladi. Ixtisoslashgan oʻsimlik hujayrasining bir necha yoki bitta markaziy vakuolasi bor; ularda har xil tuzlar eritmasi, uglevodlar, organik kislotalar, alkaloidlar, aminokislotalar, oqsillar, hatto zaxira suv boʻladi. Oʻsimlik hujayralari sitoplazmasida maxsus organoidlar — plastidalar bor; Golji kompleksi esa sitoplazmada tarqalgan diktiosomalardan iborat. </p><p>Barcha eukariotlar hujayrasi bir xildagi organoidlar va metabolizmni boshqarish mexanizmlariga ega. Ular prokariotlar singari metabolizmni boshqarish, energiyani jamgʻarish va saqlash, oqsil sintezida genetik koddan foydalanish xususiyatiga ega. Barcha hujayra membranasining funksiyasi ham oʻxshash. Hujayra tuzilishi va funksiyasining oʻxshashligi ular kelib chiqishidagi umumiylikdan dalolat beradi. Biroq organizmdagi hujayra oʻlchami va shakli, u yoki bu organoidlari soni, fermentlar majmui bilan bir-biridan farq qiladi. Bu farq organizmdagi hujayraning oʻzaro kooperatsiyasi va ularning funksional ixtisoslashuvi bilan bogʻliq. Bir hujayralilar hujayrasining tuzilishi va funksiyasi oʻrtasidagi tafovutni koʻp jihatdan ularning yashash muhitiga moslanishi bilan tushuntiriladi. Genetik apparat tuzilishidagi oʻxshashlik prokariot va eukariotlar kelib chiqishidagi umumiylikni tushuntirish uchun dalil boʻladi. Ammo bir hujayralilarning ajdodi har xil prokariotlar boʻlishi ham mumkin. Simbiogenez nazariyasiga binoan bir xil prokariotlar xoʻjayin hujayra mitoxondriyalariga, boshqalari — xloroplastlarga aylangan va organoid tarzida oʻz-oʻzidan koʻpaya boshlagan. Boshqa nazariyaga binoan esa prokariot hujayraning strukturalari asta-sekin rivojlanib, eukariotga aylangan. </p><p>Bir organizmning barcha hujayralari genomi potensial axborot hajmi jihatdan urugʻlangan tuxumhujayra genomidan farq qilmaydi. Ixtisoslashgan hujayra yadrosini yadrosi olib tashlangan hujayraga koʻchirib oʻtkazilganda normal organizm rivojlanishi buni isbotlaydi. Koʻp hujayrali organizmda hujayra xossalari oʻrtasidagi farq genlar faolligining bir xil boʻlmasligi tufayli kelib chiqadi. Hujayraning har xil ixtisoslashuvi natijasida bir xil hujayralar (nerv) qoʻzgʻaluvchanlik; boshqalari (muskul) miofibrillalar hosil qiluvchi oqsillarga ega boʻlishi tufayli qisqarish, uchinchi xillari (bezli hujayra) hazm qilish fermentlari va gormonlarni sintezlash xususiyatiga ega boʻladi. Koʻpchilik hujayra koʻp funksiyali, masalan, jigar hujayrasi qon plazmasi va oʻt suyuqligi oqsillarini sintezlaydi; glikogen toʻplaydi va uni glyukozaga aylantiradi; yot moddalar (jumladan, dorilar)ni parchalaydi. Barcha hujayrada umumiy funksiyaga ega boʻlgan genlar faol boʻladi. Shunday qilib, har xil hujayralar oʻrtasidagi oʻxshashlik belgilari ularni bir-biridan farq qiluvchi belgilarga nisbatan koʻproq boʻlib, kelib chiqishi va funksiyasiga koʻra oʻxshash hujayra toʻqimalarni hosil qiladi. </p><p>Metabolitlar va ionlar — hujayradagi jarayonlarni boshqaruvchi omillar. Ular genlarga taʼsir etish orqali fermentlar sintezini yoki bevosita fermentlarning oʻziga taʼsir koʻrsatib, ular faolligini oʻzgartirishi mumkin. Bunday oʻz-oʻzini boshqarish mexanizmlari tufayli hujayrada hayot uchun muhim boʻlgan koʻp jarayonlar optimal (eng qulay) holda saqlanib turadi. </p><p>Hujayralarning oʻzaro taʼsiri, nerv va gormonlarning hujayra faolligini oʻzgarishiga olib keladigan xususiyatlari tashqaridan boshqaradigan omillarga kiradi. Bunday omillar hujayraning oʻziga xos xususiyatlarini saqlab turish uchun zarur. Hujayra kulturasiga xos sunʼiy sharoitda hujayraning oʻziga hos koʻpgina xususiyatlari yoʻqoladi. </p><p>Eukariot hujayra mitoz orqali oʻz-oʻzidan koʻpayadi. Odam organizmidagi hujayra soni 1014. Ayrim toʻqimalarda hujayra soni hayot davomida doimiy boʻlib qoladi; faqat kam ixtisoslashgan hujayra boʻlinadi. Masalan, odam organizmida sutka davomida 70 milliard ga yaqin ichak epiteliysi hujayrasi, 2 milliard eritrotsit nobud boʻlib turadi. Bir qancha toʻqimalarda hujayra toʻliq ixtisoslashgan holda hujayra sikliga kiradi. Bunday hollarda mitoz hujayra boʻlinmasdan xromosomalarning 2 hissa ortishi bilan tugaydi (qarang <a href="/wiki/Poliploidiya" title="Poliploidiya">Poliploidiya</a>) yoki mitoz boshlanmasdan xromatidlar soni 2 hissa oshadi. Ayrim ixtisoslashgan hujayra yadrosi umuman hujayra sikliga kirishmaydi (masalan, neyronlar, skelet muskullari tolasi). Bunday hollarda hujayra hayoti organizm umrining uzoqligiga teng boʻladi. Odam hujayrasi oʻrtacha 1 — 2 kun (ichak epiteliysi) yashaydi. Barcha hujayralarda moddalar va struktura elementlari faol yangilanib turadi. <a href="/wiki/To%CA%BBqima" title="Toʻqima">Toʻqimalarni</a> hosil qiluvchi beqiyos koʻp sonli hujayralardagi metabolitik va boshqaruv jarayonlarining oʻzaro bogʻlanganligi, ular tarkibining doimo yangilanib turishi koʻp hujayrali organizm organlarining nuqsonsiz ishlab turishini taʼminlaydi. Hujayrani sitologiya fani oʻrganadi. Yana q. Hujayra nazariyasi, Hujayra sikli. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFKarp19-oktabr_2009-yil">Karp, Gerald<i>. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments</i>. John Wiley & Sons, 19-oktabr 2009-yil — 2-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780470483374" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780470483374">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">9780470483374</span></a>. „Hooke called the pores cells because they reminded him of the cells inhabited by monks living in a monastery.“</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cell+and+Molecular+Biology%3A+Concepts+and+Experiments&rft.aulast=Karp&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.date=19-oktabr+2009-yil&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.pages=2 &rft.isbn=9780470483374"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFTero1990">Tero, Alan Chong<i>. Achiever's Biology</i>. Allied Publishers, 1990 — 36-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9788184243697" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9788184243697">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">9788184243697</span></a>. „In 1665, an Englishman, Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of" cork under a simple microscope. (A simple microscope is a microscope with only one biconvex lens, rather like a magnifying glass). He saw many small box like structures. These reminded him of small rooms called "cells" in which Christian monks lived and meditated.“</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Achiever%27s+Biology&rft.aulast=Tero&rft.aufirst=Alan+Chong&rft.date=1990&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.pages=36 &rft.isbn=9788184243697"> </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adabiyotlar">Adabiyotlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Adabiyotlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Adabiyotlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Zaxarov V.B..Mamatov S.G.,So-n i i V.I., Obshaya biologiya. M., 2002; Ch ye n -sov Yu.S., Obshaya sitologiya, M., 1984; Grin N., Staut U., Teylor D., Biologiya, t. 1—3. M., 1990; M avlonov O., Biologiya (Maʼlumotnoma|, T., 2003.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oʻqish_uchun"><span id="O.CA.BBqish_uchun"></span>Oʻqish uchun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Oʻqish uchun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Oʻqish uchun"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFCITEREFAlberts2015">Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Morgan, David; Raff, Martin<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/molecularbiology0006edalbe">Molecular Biology of the Cell</a></i>, 6th, Garland Science, 2015 — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/molecularbiology0006edalbe/page/2">2</a>-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780815344322" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780815344322">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">9780815344322</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molecular+Biology+of+the+Cell&rft.aulast=Alberts&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Garland+Science&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmolecularbiology0006edalbe%2Fpage%2F2+2%5D &rft.isbn=9780815344322&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmolecularbiology0006edalbe"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garlandscience.com/product/isbn/9780815344322">Molecular Biology of the Cell</a></i>, 6th, Garland, 2014. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780815344322" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780815344322">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">9780815344322</span></a>. Qaraldi: 6-iyul 2016-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molecular+Biology+of+the+Cell&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Garland &rft.isbn=9780815344322&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.garlandscience.com%2Fproduct%2Fisbn%2F9780815344322"> </span>; The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.TOC&depth=2">fourth edition is freely available</a> from National Center for Biotechnology Information Bookshelf.</li> <li><span class="citation"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/molecularcellbio00harv">Molecular Cell Biology</a></i>, 5th, WH Freeman: New York, NY, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780716743668" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780716743668">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">9780716743668</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molecular+Cell+Biology&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=WH+Freeman%3A+New+York%2C+NY &rft.isbn=9780716743668&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmolecularcellbio00harv"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=cooper.TOC&depth=2">The cell: a molecular approach</a></i>, 2nd, Washington, D.C: ASM Press, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780878931026" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780878931026">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">9780878931026</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+cell%3A+a+molecular+approach&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=ASM+Press&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C &rft.isbn=9780878931026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2Fbv.fcgi%3Frid%3Dcooper.TOC%26depth%3D2"> </span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Havolalar">Havolalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Havolalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Havolalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata navigation-box" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em; clear:right; border:solid #aaa 1px; background:#f9f9f9; padding:1ex; font-size:88%; float:right"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vikiombor" title="Vikiombor">Vikiomborda</a> <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cells" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cells">Hujayra</a></b></i><br /> haqida turkum mavjud </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechanobio.info/">MBInfo — Hujayra haqida</a> <sup><span title="inglizcha" style="font-size:90%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-progressive, #36c);">(ingl.)</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150409081232/http://www.cellsalive.com/">Cells Alive!</a> <sup><span title="inglizcha" style="font-size:90%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-progressive, #36c);">(ingl.)</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hhmi.org/news/betzig20110304.html">New Microscope Produces Dazzling 3D Movies of Live Cells</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> saytida 2013-05-09 sanasida <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130509013311/http://www.hhmi.org/news/betzig20110304.html">arxivlangan</a>), March 4, 2011 — Howard Hughes tibbiyot instituti. <sup><span title="inglizcha" style="font-size:90%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-progressive, #36c);">(ingl.)</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.histology-world.com/photoalbum/thumbnails.php?album=44">Hujayra fotomikrograflari</a> <sup><span title="inglizcha" style="font-size:90%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-progressive, #36c);">(ingl.)</span></sup></li></ul> <p><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3736688">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style></p><table class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" 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href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114211&CON_LNG=ENG">ph114211</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminologia_Histologica" class="extiw" title="en:Terminologia Histologica">TH</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/ViewTH/THh100.html">H1.00.01.0.00001</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&oldid=4024421">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hujayra&oldid=4024421</a>" dan olindi </pre></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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