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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Comedy-music_relationship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedy-music_relationship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Comedy-music relationship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedy-music_relationship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> 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id="toc-Classical_and_Romantic_eras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_and_Romantic_eras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Classical and Romantic eras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_and_Romantic_eras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Associations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Associations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Associations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Counterculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counterculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Counterculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counterculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principal_techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Principal techniques</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Principal_techniques-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Principal techniques subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Principal_techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comic_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comic_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Comic text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comic_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_parody" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_parody"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Musical parody</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_parody-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Juxtapositions_of_syntactical_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juxtapositions_of_syntactical_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Juxtapositions of syntactical elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juxtapositions_of_syntactical_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Musical description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_to_particular_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_to_particular_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>References to particular styles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_to_particular_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incongruency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incongruency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Incongruency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incongruency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orchestral_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestral_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Orchestral devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestral_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allusions_to_a_famous_comic_character" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allusions_to_a_famous_comic_character"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Allusions to a famous comic character</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allusions_to_a_famous_comic_character-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texture,_dynamics,_rhythm,_and_melodic_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texture,_dynamics,_rhythm,_and_melodic_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Texture, dynamics, rhythm, and melodic design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texture,_dynamics,_rhythm,_and_melodic_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keys_and_modulations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keys_and_modulations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Keys and modulations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keys_and_modulations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_to_past_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_to_past_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>References to past styles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_to_past_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quotations_of_musical_materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quotations_of_musical_materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Quotations of musical materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quotations_of_musical_materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movement_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movement_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Movement titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movement_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tempo_modifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tempo_modifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>Tempo modifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tempo_modifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15</span> <span>Notation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genre_designations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genre_designations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.16</span> <span>Genre designations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genre_designations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.17</span> <span>Performance styles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texting_of_instrumental_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texting_of_instrumental_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.18</span> <span>Texting of instrumental works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texting_of_instrumental_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.19</span> <span>Chance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soggetto_cavato" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soggetto_cavato"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.20</span> <span>Soggetto cavato</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soggetto_cavato-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parody_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parody_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Parody music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parody_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novelty_song" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novelty_song"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Novelty song</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novelty_song-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comedy_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedy_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Comedy rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedy_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comedy_hip_hop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedy_hip_hop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Comedy hip hop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedy_hip_hop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grammy_Award_for_Best_Comedy_album" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammy_Award_for_Best_Comedy_album"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Grammy Award for Best Comedy album</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammy_Award_for_Best_Comedy_album-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_–_Musical_or_Comedy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_–_Musical_or_Comedy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_–_Musical_or_Comedy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_Comedy_Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_Comedy_Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Musical Comedy Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_Comedy_Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="موسیقی کمدی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موسیقی کمدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_humoristique" title="Musique humoristique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musique humoristique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komedi_musik" title="Komedi musik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komedi musik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מוזיקה קומית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוזיקה קומית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huumorimusiikki" title="Huumorimusiikki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Huumorimusiikki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanji_bodor" title="Tanji bodor – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tanji bodor" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Comedy music</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Musical comedy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Comedy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Vocals</li><li>various instruments</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parody_music" title="Parody music">Parody music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Novelty_song" title="Novelty song">novelty song</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Comedy rock</a></li><li>comedy pop</li><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_hip_hop" title="Comedy hip hop">comedy hip hop</a></li><li>comedy jazz</li><li>comedy country</li><li>acoustic comedy</li><li>comedy lounge</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AlYankovicByKristineSlipson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/AlYankovicByKristineSlipson.jpg/205px-AlYankovicByKristineSlipson.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/AlYankovicByKristineSlipson.jpg/308px-AlYankovicByKristineSlipson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/AlYankovicByKristineSlipson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic" title=""Weird Al" Yankovic">"Weird Al" Yankovic</a> performing live in concert during his 2010 tour</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Comedy music</b> or <b>musical comedy</b> is a genre of music that is comical, comedic or humorous in nature. Its history can be traced back to the first century in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, moving forward in time to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Medieval Period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_period_(music)" title="Classical period (music)">Classical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic</a> eras, and the 20th century. Various forms of comedic musical theatre, including "musical play", "musical comedy", "operetta" and "light opera", evolved from the comic operas first developed in late 17th-century Italy. Popular music artists in the 20th century interested in comedy include <a href="/wiki/Allan_Sherman" title="Allan Sherman">Allan Sherman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiny_Tim_(musician)" title="Tiny Tim (musician)">Tiny Tim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barenaked_Ladies" title="Barenaked Ladies">Barenaked Ladies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic" title=""Weird Al" Yankovic">"Weird Al" Yankovic</a>. Artists in the 21st century include <a href="/wiki/Tenacious_D" title="Tenacious D">Tenacious D</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Conchords" title="Flight of the Conchords">Flight of the Conchords</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lonely_Island" title="The Lonely Island">The Lonely Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ninja_Sex_Party" title="Ninja Sex Party">Ninja Sex Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Axis_of_Awesome" title="The Axis of Awesome">The Axis of Awesome</a>. </p><p>Comedy music is often associated with <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a>, due to the subversive messages it displays.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This informative nature of comedy music also contributes to the improvement of learning inside and outside the classroom.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forms of entertainment like musical theatre often incorporate comedy music as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To create comic effects in music, Composers have developed several principal <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">compositional</a> techniques, including the use of comic text, musical parody, and unexpected juxtapositions of syntactical elements among others.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comedy music can be further categorized into several types, such as <a href="/wiki/Parody_music" title="Parody music">parody music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novelty_song" title="Novelty song">novelty song</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">comedy rock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Comedy_hip_hop" title="Comedy hip hop">comedy hip hop</a>. Awards dedicated to comedy music include the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Comedy_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album">Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Musical_or_Comedy" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy">Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy</a>, and the Musical Comedy Awards. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comedy-music_relationship">Comedy-music relationship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Comedy-music relationship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comedy is a form of art that addresses comic or humorous situations, or even serious ones with a light or <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirical</a> approach.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music is also a form of art, and it is concerned with the <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmony</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vocal_music" title="Vocal music">vocal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instrumental" title="Instrumental">instrumental</a>, or mechanical sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One similarity between comedy and music is the way they both evoke psychological and emotional effects in their listeners, without them fully understanding the specific reason for their emotions of hilarity.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comedy in entertainment is also established as musical codes set up and confirm the audience's understanding of the symbolic meaning of a scene, before subverting that understanding to play with the audience's response.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, a multi-faceted musical experience has the ability to elicit emotions such as humor and comedy in its listeners.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of musical experience can be identified as comedy music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bell-Krater_with_an_Elderly_Satyr_Followed_by_Young_Dionysos_LACMA_50.8.30_(2_of_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bell-Krater_with_an_Elderly_Satyr_Followed_by_Young_Dionysos_LACMA_50.8.30_%282_of_2%29.jpg/204px-Bell-Krater_with_an_Elderly_Satyr_Followed_by_Young_Dionysos_LACMA_50.8.30_%282_of_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bell-Krater_with_an_Elderly_Satyr_Followed_by_Young_Dionysos_LACMA_50.8.30_%282_of_2%29.jpg/306px-Bell-Krater_with_an_Elderly_Satyr_Followed_by_Young_Dionysos_LACMA_50.8.30_%282_of_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bell-Krater_with_an_Elderly_Satyr_Followed_by_Young_Dionysos_LACMA_50.8.30_%282_of_2%29.jpg/407px-Bell-Krater_with_an_Elderly_Satyr_Followed_by_Young_Dionysos_LACMA_50.8.30_%282_of_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1953" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Ancient Greek <a href="/wiki/Krater" title="Krater">bell krater</a> pottery with an elderly satyr followed by young <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysos</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambarawa_performers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ambarawa_performers.jpg/232px-Ambarawa_performers.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ambarawa_performers.jpg/348px-Ambarawa_performers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ambarawa_performers.jpg/464px-Ambarawa_performers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1769" data-file-height="1389" /></a><figcaption>Dancers performing physical comedy</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Greece_and_Rome">Ancient Greece and Rome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient Greece and Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first uses of comedy in music can be traced back to the first century in ancient Greece and Rome, where poets and playwrights entertained with <a href="/wiki/Pun" title="Pun">puns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Word_play" title="Word play">wordplay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The origins of <a href="/wiki/Comedy_(drama)" title="Comedy (drama)">comedy play</a> in ancient Greece are first recorded on <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a> in the 6th century BCE, on which illustrations of actors dressed as horses, <a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">satyrs</a>, and dancers in exaggerated costumes are painted on.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another early origin are the explicit sexually humorous poems of <a href="/wiki/Hipponax" title="Hipponax">Hipponax</a> in the 6th century BCE and <a href="/wiki/Archilochus" title="Archilochus">Archilocus</a> in the 7th century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third origin are the <a href="/wiki/Phallic_processions" title="Phallic processions">phallic songs</a> sung during <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Dionysus" title="Cult of Dionysus">Dionysiac</a> festivals, as mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Playwrights of comedic theatre include <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Menander" title="Menander">Menander</a> whose works mocked politicians, philosophers, and fellow artists.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_Period">Medieval Period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Medieval Period, <a href="/wiki/Minstrel" title="Minstrel">minstrels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadours</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jester" title="Jester">court jesters</a> would continue performing comedic music, some satirical, accompanied by musical instruments. Court jesters in particular would display their wit and humor through songs, jokes, and physical comedy as a way to offer critique on society and authority, working in public squares or officially hired as licensed fools to work directly under the king or queen.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_and_Romantic_eras">Classical and Romantic eras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Classical and Romantic eras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forms of <a href="/wiki/Comic_opera" title="Comic opera">comic opera</a> first developed in late 17th-century Italy, leading to the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">opera buffa</a> as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Opera_seria" title="Opera seria">opera seria</a>. It quickly made its way to France, where it became opéra comique, and eventually, in the following century, French operetta, with <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Jacques Offenbach</a> as its most accomplished practitioner. Many countries developed their own genres of comic opera, incorporating the Italian and French models along with their own musical traditions. Examples include German <a href="/wiki/Singspiel" title="Singspiel">singspiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">Viennese operetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Spanish zarzuela</a>, Russian comic opera, English ballad and <a href="/wiki/Savoy_opera" title="Savoy opera">Savoy opera</a>, North American operetta and <a href="/wiki/Musical_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical comedy">musical comedy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Classical and Romantic eras, composers like <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Haydn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Schumann</a> would place comic passages side by side with the more serious sections to bring out the contrast between them.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This technique is called <a href="/wiki/Juxtaposition" title="Juxtaposition">juxtaposition</a>, which is a basic element of comedy.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haydn's Symphony No 45 of 1772 (the <i><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._45_(Haydn)" title="Symphony No. 45 (Haydn)">Farewell Symphony</a></i>) and his Symphony No 94 of 1792 (the <i><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._94_(Haydn)" title="Symphony No. 94 (Haydn)">Surprise Symphony</a></i>), are the most famous examples. A tradition of <a href="/wiki/Toy_Symphony" title="Toy Symphony">toy symphonies</a> - featuring toy musical instruments - began in the classical era and continued into the 19th century and beyond. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Progress in comedy music continued over years, until <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> entertainers of the early 20th century added lyrics to musical numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1923, one of the first comedy music hits '<a href="/wiki/Yes!_We_Have_No_Bananas" title="Yes! We Have No Bananas">Yes! We Have No Bananas</a>' sung by <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> was released. </p><p>In 1924 <a href="/wiki/Billy_Rose" title="Billy Rose">Billy Rose</a> asked, <a href="/wiki/Does_Your_Chewing_Gum_Lose_Its_Flavour_(On_the_Bedpost_Overnight%3F)" title="Does Your Chewing Gum Lose Its Flavour (On the Bedpost Overnight?)">"Does the Spearmint Lose Its Flavor on the Bedpost Overnight?"</a>. In 1958 the song was rereleased as, "<a href="/wiki/Does_Your_Chewing_Gum_Lose_Its_Flavour_(On_the_Bedpost_Overnight%3F)" title="Does Your Chewing Gum Lose Its Flavour (On the Bedpost Overnight?)">Does Your Chewing Gum Lose Its Flavour (On the Bedpost Overnight?)</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Donegan" title="Lonnie Donegan">Lonnie Donegan</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/King_of_Skiffle" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Skiffle">King of Skiffle</a></i>. </p><p>In the 1940s, <a href="/wiki/Spike_Jones" title="Spike Jones">Spike Jones</a> created songs with a comedy technique of replacing several musical notes with humorous sound effects.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Followed in 1951, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Freberg" title="Stan Freberg">Stan Freberg</a> released a series of cover songs that addressed the issue of <a href="/wiki/Commercialism" title="Commercialism">commercialism</a> in that age.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Spiegl" title="Fritz Spiegl">Fritz Spiegl</a> organised a popular series of "April Fools" concerts in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>. The idea was subsequently taken up by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Hoffnung" title="Gerard Hoffnung">Gerard Hoffnung</a> in London at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Royal Festival Hall">Royal Festival Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1956 "<a href="/wiki/Hoffnung_Music_Festival" title="Hoffnung Music Festival">Hoffnung Music Festival</a>" played to a sell-out audience in the hall and to <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> viewers throughout Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two more Hoffnung Festivals followed, the second in 1958 and the third in 1961, presented as a tribute after his death. Contributions included <a href="/wiki/Donald_Swann" title="Donald Swann">Donald Swann</a>'s revised version of Haydn's <i><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._94" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony No. 94">Surprise</a></i> Symphony to make it considerably more surprising,<sup id="cite_ref-ivan_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ivan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Arnold" title="Malcolm Arnold">Malcolm Arnold</a>'s <i>A Grand, Grand Overture</i>, scored for orchestra and three <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_cleaner" title="Vacuum cleaner">vacuum cleaners</a>, (dedicated to US President <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Hoffnung's death, similar concerts were promoted by his widow Annetta. </p><p>Malcolm Arnold's <i>Toy Symphony</i> was first performed at a <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel" title="Savoy Hotel">Savoy Hotel</a> fund raising dinner in London on 28 November 1957, with toy instruments played by a group of eminent composers, musicians and personalities, including <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Armstrong_(musician)" title="Thomas Armstrong (musician)">Thomas Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edric_Cundell" title="Edric Cundell">Edric Cundell</a>, Gerard Hoffnung, <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Joyce" title="Eileen Joyce">Eileen Joyce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steuart_Wilson" title="Steuart Wilson">Steuart Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Woodgate" title="Leslie Woodgate">Leslie Woodgate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 July 1958 the 'Mammoth Concert of Comic Music' was held at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a>. Pieces performed included a concerto for motor horn and orchestra by <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hopkins" title="Antony Hopkins">Antony Hopkins</a>, <i>Overture: The Masterdrinkers</i> by <a href="/wiki/Spike_Hughes" title="Spike Hughes">Spike Hughes</a> and a concertino for piano tuner and orchestra by <a href="/wiki/Lambert_Williamson" title="Lambert Williamson">Lambert Williamson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1960s and 1970s saw the rise of numerous comedy music artists whose careers went on for decades. These artists include: <a href="/wiki/Allan_Sherman" title="Allan Sherman">Allan Sherman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shel_Silverstein" title="Shel Silverstein">Shel Silverstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiny_Tim_(musician)" title="Tiny Tim (musician)">Tiny Tim</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a>. Particularly in 1970, the radio host <a href="/wiki/Dr._Demento" title="Dr. Demento">Barret Hansen</a> – better known as Dr. Demento – appeared. He played tracks sent in by amateur artists, one of which was a 16-year-old 'Weird Al' Yankovic. </p><p>Yankovic released his <a href="/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic_(album)" title=""Weird Al" Yankovic (album)">first album</a> in 1983, which eventually led to a 14-album contract that he did not complete until 2014. For over four decades, he released multiple hit parodies and originals, which made him a major player in the genre of comedy music and the counterculture associated with it.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, <a href="/wiki/The_Actors%27_Gang" title="The Actors' Gang">The Actors' Gang</a> members <a href="/wiki/Jack_Black" title="Jack Black">Jack Black</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyle_Gass" title="Kyle Gass">Kyle Gass</a> formed the iconic <a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">comedy rock</a> duo <a href="/wiki/Tenacious_D#cite_note-1" title="Tenacious D">Tenacious D</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and went on to release their <a href="/wiki/Tenacious_D_(album)" title="Tenacious D (album)">debut album</a> in 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A popular 21st century musical comedy act is <a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Conchords" title="Flight of the Conchords">Flight of the Conchords</a>, a <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> duo composed of musicians <a href="/wiki/Bret_McKenzie" title="Bret McKenzie">Bret McKenzie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jemaine_Clement" title="Jemaine Clement">Jemaine Clement</a>, which became the basis of the self-titled <a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Conchords_(radio_series)" title="Flight of the Conchords (radio series)">BBC radio series (2004)</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Conchords_(TV_series)" title="Flight of the Conchords (TV series)">HBO American television series (2007–2009)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the turn of the millennium, the band <a href="/wiki/Steel_Panther" title="Steel Panther">Steel Panther</a> formed in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> with songs, live shows and videos parodying the stereotypical <a href="/wiki/Glam_metal" title="Glam metal">glam metal</a> genre and lifestyle of the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, <a href="/wiki/The_Lonely_Island" title="The Lonely Island">The Lonely Island</a> formed in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a> with members <a href="/wiki/Akiva_Schaffer" title="Akiva Schaffer">Akiva Schaffer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Samberg" title="Andy Samberg">Andy Samberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jorma_Taccone" title="Jorma Taccone">Jorma Taccone</a>, who starred in a series of <a href="/wiki/SNL_Digital_Short" title="SNL Digital Short">SNL Digital Shorts</a> featuring songs like <a href="/wiki/Motherlover" title="Motherlover">Motherlover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_in_a_Box" title="Dick in a Box">Dick in a Box</a>, <a href="/wiki/I%27m_on_a_Boat" title="I'm on a Boat">I'm on a Boat</a>, <a href="/wiki/I_Just_Had_Sex" title="I Just Had Sex">I Just Had Sex</a> and more.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through the rest of the 2000s, a movement of <a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">comedy rock</a> acts started to take place in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> with bands such as <a href="/wiki/The_Axis_of_Awesome" title="The Axis of Awesome">The Axis of Awesome</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Beards_(Australian_band)" title="The Beards (Australian band)">The Beards</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Kransky_Sisters" title="The Kransky Sisters">The Kransky Sisters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tripod_(band)" title="Tripod (band)">Tripod</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When musician <a href="/wiki/Matt_Farley" title="Matt Farley">Matt Farley</a> discovered the only songs from his band Moes Haven that were getting any plays had more-comedic titles, he switched his focus to novelty songs in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, Farley has written over 22,000 songs about potty humor, celebrities, food and more<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under band names like The Toilet Bowl Cleaners, Papa Razzi and the Photogs, The Very Nice Interesting Singer Man and The Hungry Food Band. </p><p>Taking <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">synth-pop</a> influence in the more comedic direction, the duo <a href="/wiki/Ninja_Sex_Party" title="Ninja Sex Party">Ninja Sex Party</a> formed in 2009 with members <a href="/wiki/Dan_Avidan" title="Dan Avidan">Dan "Danny Sexbang" Avidan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Wecht" title="Brian Wecht">Brian "Ninja Brian" Wecht</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who went on to record <a href="/wiki/Ninja_Sex_Party_discography" title="Ninja Sex Party discography">five albums of original material, three cover albums and one re-recording album</a>. Ever since their album <a href="/wiki/Under_the_Covers_(Ninja_Sex_Party_album)" title="Under the Covers (Ninja Sex Party album)">Under the Covers</a>, NSP has been backed by the band <a href="/wiki/TWRP_(band)" title="TWRP (band)">TWRP</a>. For three albums, they collaborated with animator and internet personality <a href="/wiki/Arin_Hanson" title="Arin Hanson">Arin "Egoraptor" Hanson</a> to create the <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> themed side project <a href="/wiki/Starbomb" title="Starbomb">Starbomb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, rappers <a href="/wiki/Peter_Shukoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Shukoff">Peter "Nice Peter" Shukoff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Ahlquist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd Ahlquist">Lloyd "Epic Lloyd" Ahlquist</a> created the web-series <a href="/wiki/Epic_Rap_Battles_of_History" title="Epic Rap Battles of History">Epic Rap Battles of History</a>, a show that pinned famous figures both real and fictional in <a href="/wiki/Battle_rap" title="Battle rap">rap battles</a> against each other. It has run for seven seasons, featuring stars like <a href="/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic" title=""Weird Al" Yankovic">"Weird Al" Yankovic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a>, <a href="/wiki/T-Pain" title="T-Pain">T-Pain</a> and more.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The beginning of the 2010s saw <a href="/wiki/Nerf_Herder" title="Nerf Herder">Nerf Herder</a> front man <a href="/wiki/Parry_Gripp" title="Parry Gripp">Parry Gripp</a> starting to release a long series of successful tween pop songs such as "It's Raining Tacos", "Space Unicorn" and "Do You Like Waffles?" dealing with themes of animals and food, gaining him the nickname "the <a href="/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic" title=""Weird Al" Yankovic">"Weird Al" Yankovic</a> of <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associations">Associations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Bloody_Wilson_live_in_Scotland_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kevin_Bloody_Wilson_live_in_Scotland_2009.jpg/220px-Kevin_Bloody_Wilson_live_in_Scotland_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kevin_Bloody_Wilson_live_in_Scotland_2009.jpg/330px-Kevin_Bloody_Wilson_live_in_Scotland_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kevin_Bloody_Wilson_live_in_Scotland_2009.jpg/440px-Kevin_Bloody_Wilson_live_in_Scotland_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>Kevin Bloody Wilson live in Scotland, 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Gershwin_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/George_Gershwin_1937.jpg/194px-George_Gershwin_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/George_Gershwin_1937.jpg/291px-George_Gershwin_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/George_Gershwin_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>George Gershwin, 1898–1937</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counterculture">Counterculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Counterculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Counterculture is associated with comedy music due to the individual natures of comedy and music. Comedy often contains progressive and subversive messages that intend to provide listeners with information about issues, <a href="/wiki/Injustice" title="Injustice">Injustices</a>, and other topics that are important to the artist.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music has the ability to explain political issues in a way that is easily acceptable for a wide range of listeners.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both comedy and music have the power to create movements and spread ideas, allowing them to effectively advocate counterculture through the ages, one of them being the challenge of <a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>'Weird Al' Yankovic spread his message about the privilege of the upper class through his comedy music song, titled '<a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Fun" title="Mandatory Fun">First World Problems</a>': </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>My maid is cleaning the bathroom, so I can't take a shower / When I do, the water starts getting cold after an hour / I couldn't order off the breakfast menu, cause I slept in till two / Then I filled up on bread, didn't leave any room for tiramisu / Oh no, there's a pixel out in the corner of my laptop screen / I don't have any bills in my wallet small enough for the vending machine / Some idiot just called me up on the phone, what!? Don't they know how to text? OMG! / I got first world, first world problems.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Bloody_Wilson" title="Kevin Bloody Wilson">Kevin Bloody Wilson</a>'s song – '<a href="/wiki/Kev%27s_Back_(The_Return_of_the_Yobbo)" title="Kev's Back (The Return of the Yobbo)">Living Next Door to Alan</a>' – is about an indigenous family claiming land neighboring the millionaire <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bond" title="Alan Bond">Alan Bond</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>They came down from Meekatharra / In a burned-out blue FJ / That farted and just shit itself in Jutland Parade / Right next door to Bondy's / When the smoke had cleared a voice said: / 'Eh .. this place look all right / We'll tell the government it's a sacred site / Dead fuckin' easy' / 'Good day Mr Alan Bond, how you goin' bloke? / Hey, I'm your brand-new neighbour ... hey, mate you got a smoke? / And I think I'm gonna like it here / Livin' next door to Alan'.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comedy and music have both been found to improve the effectiveness of learning inside and outside the classroom.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comedy improves short-term issue <a href="/wiki/Recognition_memory" title="Recognition memory">recognition</a>, and can improve a student's learning by attracting and holding their attention for a longer duration of the class, also ensuring their continued motivation and engagement.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music improves a student's <a href="/wiki/Vocabulary_development" title="Vocabulary development">vocabulary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reading_comprehension" title="Reading comprehension">comprehensive</a> skills, simultaneously encouraging them to think <a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">creatively</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of the implementation of comedy music in education is the incorporation of parody songs to learn the English language.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1920s and 1930s, musical theatre is a form of entertainment that often incorporates comedy.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a musical setting, rhetorico-musical techniques contribute in creating comedic effect, and an example of this is <a href="/wiki/Aposiopesis" title="Aposiopesis">aposiopesis</a>, which is the device of suddenly breaking off in musical speech for dramatic or emotional effect.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another contributing aspect to it is dance – particularly <a href="/wiki/Tap_dance" title="Tap dance">tap dance</a>. Musical comedies differ from book musicals as they focus more on comedy and dance rather than on drama and character development.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This era's musical comedies include works created by brothers <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a>, and these musicals are: '<a href="/wiki/Strike_Up_the_Band_(musical)" title="Strike Up the Band (musical)">Strike Up the Band</a>', '<a href="/wiki/Lady,_Be_Good_(musical)" title="Lady, Be Good (musical)">Lady, Be Good</a>', '<a href="/wiki/Oh,_Kay!" title="Oh, Kay!">Oh, Kay!</a>', '<a href="/wiki/Girl_Crazy" title="Girl Crazy">Girl Crazy</a>', '<a href="/wiki/Crazy_for_You_(musical)" title="Crazy for You (musical)">Crazy for You</a>', and '<a href="/wiki/Of_Thee_I_Sing" title="Of Thee I Sing">Of Thee I Sing</a>'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principal_techniques">Principal techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Principal techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To create comic effects in music, composers have developed the following principal compositional techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comic_text">Comic text</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Comic text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of comic text or funny words immediately conveys humor. This can be traced back to 13th century <a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">Motets</a>, but it is the 18th century <a href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">opera buffa</a> that first explored deeply all the aspects of verbal comedy. An example of this is <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro" title="The Marriage of Figaro">Le nozze di Figaro</a> composed in 1786. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_parody">Musical parody</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Musical parody"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Musical parodies satirize certain styles or particular works of music. An example of this is Mozart's <a href="/wiki/A_Musical_Joke" title="A Musical Joke">Ein musikalischer Spass</a> composed in 1787, which parodies the style of incompetent composers and <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Ochs" title="Siegfried Ochs">Siegfried Ochs</a>'s variations on '<a href="/wiki/Kommt_ein_Vogel_geflogen" title="Kommt ein Vogel geflogen">Kommt ein Vogel geflogen</a>' that models the style of particular composers for each variation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Juxtapositions_of_syntactical_elements">Juxtapositions of syntactical elements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Juxtapositions of syntactical elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of unexpected juxtapositions of syntactical elements include changing the lengths of <a href="/wiki/Phrase_(music)" title="Phrase (music)">phrases</a>, startling turns of melody and <a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">dynamics</a>, and contrasting textures. An example of this is a minuet from Haydn's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._104_(Haydn)" title="Symphony No. 104 (Haydn)">Symphony No. 104</a> composed in 1796, where rests and a crescendo of the <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a> interrupt the regular flow of music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_description">Musical description</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Musical description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Musical description includes animal or even nonsensical sound effects that illustrate certain events or situations within the music piece. Examples of this are the bird calls in Beethoven's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)">Pastoral Symphony</a> composed in 1808, the bleating of sheep in <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(Strauss)" title="Don Quixote (Strauss)">Don Quixote</a> composed in 1897, and sound effects that illustrate hunting or market scenes in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">Medieval Italian caccie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_to_particular_styles">References to particular styles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References to particular styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a> or <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular</a> music techniques in certain passages creates humorous effect. Examples of this are the clumsy folk-like dance technique incorporated in the last movement of Haydn's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._82_(Haydn)" title="Symphony No. 82 (Haydn)">Symphony No. 82</a> – nicknamed The Bear – composed in 1786 and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Hindemith</a>'s use of the <a href="/wiki/Shimmy" title="Shimmy">Shimmy</a> in his Suite 1922 for Piano. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incongruency">Incongruency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Incongruency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of incongruency creates contrasts between music styles and techniques, and this is done with parodistic intent. An example of this is Haydn's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._60_(Haydn)" title="Symphony No. 60 (Haydn)">Symphony No. 60</a> – nicknamed Il Distratto – composed in 1774. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orchestral_devices">Orchestral devices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Orchestral devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of unusual orchestral devices creates the element of surprise. Examples of this are the tuning of violins in the last movement of Haydn's Symphony No. 60 composed in 1774, the use of <a href="/wiki/Col_legno" title="Col legno">col legno</a> in the last movement of <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioz</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphonie_fantastique" title="Symphonie fantastique">Symphonie fantastique</a> composed in 1830, and the use of <a href="/wiki/Toy_Symphony" title="Toy Symphony">toy instruments</a> in various classical pieces from the 1760s to the 21st century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allusions_to_a_famous_comic_character">Allusions to a famous comic character</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Allusions to a famous comic character"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The descriptive use of music can be used to <a href="/wiki/Allusion" title="Allusion">allude</a> to famous comic characters. Examples of this are <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Elgar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_poem" title="Symphonic poem">symphonic poem</a> on <a href="/wiki/Falstaff_(Elgar)" title="Falstaff (Elgar)">Falstaff</a> composed in 1913 and Strauss's depiction of <a href="/wiki/Till_Eulenspiegel%27s_Merry_Pranks" title="Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks">Till Eulenspiegel</a> composed in 1895. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texture,_dynamics,_rhythm,_and_melodic_design"><span id="Texture.2C_dynamics.2C_rhythm.2C_and_melodic_design"></span>Texture, dynamics, rhythm, and melodic design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Texture, dynamics, rhythm, and melodic design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of unusual effects of texture, dynamics, rhythm, and melodic design creates comic features within the music piece. Examples of this are the exaggerated large intervals of the <a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">bass voice</a> in 18th century opera buffa and the two <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">Sopranos</a> showing off their high register singing in Mozart's <a href="/wiki/Der_Schauspieldirektor" title="Der Schauspieldirektor">Der Schauspieldirektor</a> composed in 1785. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keys_and_modulations">Keys and modulations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Keys and modulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:268px;max-width:268px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perfect_octave_on_C.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A consonance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Perfect_octave_on_C.png/130px-Perfect_octave_on_C.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Perfect_octave_on_C.png/195px-Perfect_octave_on_C.png 1.5x, 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href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Perfect_octave_on_C.mid/Perfect_octave_on_C.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Perfect_octave_on_C.mid" title="File:Perfect octave on C.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minor_second_on_C.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A dissonance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Minor_second_on_C.png/130px-Minor_second_on_C.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Minor_second_on_C.png/195px-Minor_second_on_C.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Minor_second_on_C.png/260px-Minor_second_on_C.png 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Minor_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor second">minor second</a>, a dissonance <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8a\/Minor_second_on_C.mid\/Minor_second_on_C.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Minor second on C.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Minor_second_on_C.mid/Minor_second_on_C.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Minor_second_on_C.mid" title="File:Minor second on C.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The use of strange <a href="/wiki/Key_(music)" title="Key (music)">keys</a> and distant <a href="/wiki/Modulation_(music)" title="Modulation (music)">modulations</a> respectively create <a href="/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance" title="Consonance and dissonance">dissonance</a> and distant harmonic movements. These musical devices create a subtle humorous effect. Examples of this are <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance</a> <a href="/wiki/Madrigal" title="Madrigal">Madrigals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">Motets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque</a> <a href="/wiki/Cantata" title="Cantata">Cantatas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_to_past_styles">References to past styles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References to past styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>References to past styles and techniques are presented in a new context, and this is played with the assumption that the audience is familiar with the referenced style and technique. An example of this is the referencing of 18th century forms and instrumentation by <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism_(music)" title="Neoclassicism (music)">Neoclassic</a> composers <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a> and Hindemith in the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quotations_of_musical_materials">Quotations of musical materials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Quotations of musical materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Musical_quotation" title="Musical quotation">Musical quotations</a> are blended together in vertical and horizontal orders to form a <a href="/wiki/Medley_(music)" title="Medley (music)">medley</a>. In the Renaissance era, this type of musical composition is called the <a href="/wiki/Quodlibet" title="Quodlibet">quodlibet</a>. In the Romantic era, they are often medleys performed in Operas. Examples of this are C. Hopfner's <a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">operetta</a> for men's voices – Das Gastspiel der Lucca – composed in 1875 and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Charles Ives</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Symphony:_New_England_Holidays" title="A Symphony: New England Holidays">Holiday Symphony</a> composed in 1913. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movement_titles">Movement titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Movement titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Composers like Haydn and Beethoven often use specific movement titles to identify their work as humorous, labeling them as '<a href="/wiki/Scherzo" title="Scherzo">scherzo</a>', which means 'joke'. An example of this is the scherzo from <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._4_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Symphony No. 4 (Tchaikovsky)">Symphony No. 4</a> composed in 1878. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tempo_modifications">Tempo modifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Tempo modifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">Tempo</a> modifications not only sets the pace of music, but also imply mood and style. An example of this is Haydn's symphony finales in the late 18th century, where tempo modifications are used to display character. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notation">Notation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CordierColor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/CordierColor.jpg/193px-CordierColor.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/CordierColor.jpg/290px-CordierColor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/CordierColor.jpg/386px-CordierColor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>Baude Cordier's 'Belle bonne' heart-shaped manuscript</figcaption></figure> <p>The use of visually uncommon notations has been employed in the complex <a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphony</a> of the late 14th century, <a href="/wiki/Canon_(music)" title="Canon (music)">puzzle canons</a> of the Renaissance and Baroque eras, and <a href="/wiki/Aleatoric_music" title="Aleatoric music">aleatoric music</a> of the 20th century. An example of this is <a href="/wiki/Baude_Cordier" title="Baude Cordier">Baude Cordier</a>'s 'Belle bonne' heart-shaped manuscript composed in the late 14th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genre_designations">Genre designations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Genre designations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of specific terms in genre designations identifies certain types of music as humorous. Obvious designations include opera buffa, while subtler ones include terms like <a href="/wiki/Canzonetta" title="Canzonetta">canzonetta</a>, chansonetta, and operetta. An example of this is Schumann's use of the term '<a href="/wiki/Humoresque" title="Humoresque">humoresque</a>' to designate humorous music, as demonstrated in his own work – <a href="/wiki/Humoreske_(Schumann)" title="Humoreske (Schumann)">Humoreske</a> – composed in 1838. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance_styles">Performance styles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Performance styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Composers make fun of certain performance styles through the use of parody. Examples of this are <a href="/wiki/Victor_Borge" title="Victor Borge">Victor Borge</a> who made fun of conventional classical music by mimicking well-known pieces of music and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Russell" title="Anna Russell">Anna Russell</a> who satirized <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texting_of_instrumental_works">Texting of instrumental works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Texting of instrumental works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Satiric texts are incorporated within instrumental works to convey humor. An example of this is a vocal arrangement of Mozart's <a href="/wiki/Overture" title="Overture">overture</a> to <a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Flute" title="The Magic Flute">Die Zauberflote</a> that begins with "Vivat Carl Maria Weber". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chance">Chance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Chance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of chance to combine phrases in musical composition is known as ars combinatoria. In the 20th century, this genre is called aleatoric music or chance music. An example of this is <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Changes" title="Music of Changes">Music of Changes</a> composed in 1951. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soggetto_cavato">Soggetto cavato</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Soggetto cavato"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Soggetto_cavato" title="Soggetto cavato">Soggetto cavato</a> is a technique that substitutes syllables from <a href="/wiki/Solmization" title="Solmization">solmization</a> for letters, creating a <a href="/wiki/Musical_cryptogram" title="Musical cryptogram">musical cryptogram</a>. An example of this is the use of the letters ASCH and SCHA Schumann's <a href="/wiki/Carnaval_(Schumann)" title="Carnaval (Schumann)">Carnaval</a> composed in 1835. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parody_music">Parody music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Parody music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Parody_music" title="Parody music">Parody music</a> is a subgenre of comedy music that incorporates comic or satirical features, and is a reinterpretation of the original it is based upon.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bart_Baker" title="Bart Baker">Bart Baker</a> parodies <a href="/wiki/Nicki_Minaj" title="Nicki Minaj">Nicki Minaj</a>'s song – '<a href="/wiki/Anaconda_(Nicki_Minaj_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaconda (Nicki Minaj song)">Anaconda</a>' – by replacing original lyrics with new ones: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I'm dry humping bamboo in a jungle / My butt's so big it's like two gigantic bubbles / And I always show it off 'cause it's my greatest asset / But it's enhanced by surgery, yes, it's made out of plastic / It's not real, real, real.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schickele" title="Peter Schickele">Peter Schickele</a> composed and performed music allegedly written by the fictional <a href="/wiki/P._D._Q._Bach" title="P. D. Q. Bach">P. D. Q. Bach</a>, the "only forgotten son" of the Bach family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novelty_song">Novelty song</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Novelty song"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Novelty_song" title="Novelty song">Novelty song</a> is a subgenre of comedy music that is humorous, unique and original, sounding different from everything else being played in the media.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Bob the builder / Can we fix it? / Bob the builder / Yes we can!<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comedy_rock">Comedy rock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Comedy rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Comedy rock</a> is a subgenre of comedy music that focuses on <a href="/wiki/Dissent" title="Dissent">Dissenting</a> humor, a merge of youthful silliness and <a href="/wiki/Rebellion" title="Rebellion">rebellious</a> instincts.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(musician)" title="Stephen Lynch (musician)">Stephen Lynch</a> sings about the death of his grandfather in his song, titled '<a href="/wiki/Superhero_(Stephen_Lynch_album)" title="Superhero (Stephen Lynch album)">Grandfather</a>': </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When Grandfather dies / Life will be strange / When Grandfather dies / My whole world will change / When Grandfather dies / I'll scream and I'll yell / 'Cause I'll be fuckin' rich as hell.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comedy_hip_hop">Comedy hip hop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Comedy hip hop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Comedy_hip_hop" title="Comedy hip hop">Comedy hip hop</a> is a subgenre of comedy music that incorporates humor in the <a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rap</a> lyrics and in the music itself.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Lonely_Island" title="The Lonely Island">The Lonely Island</a> released their first comedy hip hop song – 'Ka-Blamo!' – in 2001: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When you're mining for coal and you forget what coal is / And you're sure to be fired, because that's your job! / When a mole's in your ass and you wonder where the mole is / You're screwed man, a mole is in your ass. Job!<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Comedy_album">Grammy Award for Best Comedy album</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Grammy Award for Best Comedy album"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Comedy_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album">Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album</a> acknowledges both spoken word and musical comedy albums. It is presented by the <a href="/wiki/The_Recording_Academy" title="The Recording Academy">National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences</a> of the United States, and is first awarded in 1959 until the present day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_–_Musical_or_Comedy"><span id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_.E2.80.93_Musical_or_Comedy"></span>Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Musical_or_Comedy" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy">Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy</a> recognizes musical or comedy films. It is presented by the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Foreign_Press_Association" title="Hollywood Foreign Press Association">Hollywood Foreign Press Association</a> of the United States, and is first awarded in 1952 until the present day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_Comedy_Awards">Musical Comedy Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Musical Comedy Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Musical Comedy Awards is an annual competition that acknowledges the United Kingdom's up-and-coming as well as established artists in the musical comedy genre.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ucl.ac.uk/whats-on/MCA-2022_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucl.ac.uk/whats-on/MCA-2022-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is first set up in 2008 by founder Ed Chappel.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novelty_song" title="Novelty song">Novelty song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_music" title="Outsider music">Outsider music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Borge" title="Victor Borge">Victor Borge</a>, "The Clown Prince of Denmark", famous for his own mixture of comedy and music.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comedy_music&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Comedy_footer" title="Template:Comedy footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Comedy_footer" title="Template talk:Comedy footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Comedy_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Comedy footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Comedy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">Comedy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedian" title="Comedian">Comedian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedic_device" title="Comedic device">Comedic device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_festival" title="Comedy festival">Comedy festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_troupe" title="Comedy troupe">Comedy troupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_timing" title="Comic timing">Comic timing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farce" title="Farce">Farce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humorist" title="Humorist">Humorist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humour" title="Humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impersonator" title="Impersonator">Impersonator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionist_(entertainment)" title="Impressionist (entertainment)">Impressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">Irony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke" title="Joke">Joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prank_call" title="Prank call">Prank call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_line" title="Punch line">Punch line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_gag" title="Visual gag">Visual gag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wit" title="Wit">Wit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_play" title="Word play">Word play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_comedy_films" title="American comedy films">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_comedy_films" title="British comedy films">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_comedy_films" title="French comedy films">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Italian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comedy_(drama)" title="Comedy (drama)">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_comedy" title="Ancient Greek comedy">Ancient Greek comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Italienne" title="Comédie-Italienne">Comédie-Italienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corral_de_comedias" title="Corral de comedias">Corral de comedias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Rome" title="Theatre of ancient Rome">Theatre of ancient Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_comedy" title="Chinese comedy">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangsheng" title="Xiangsheng">Xiangsheng</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hong Kong <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenong" title="Lenong">Lenong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludruk" title="Ludruk">Ludruk</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dgen" title="Kyōgen">Kyōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzai" title="Manzai">Manzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owarai" title="Owarai">Owarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakugo" title="Rakugo">Rakugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarugaku" title="Sarugaku">Sarugaku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_comedy" title="Korean comedy">Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_theatre_(aesthetic)" title="Boulevard theatre (aesthetic)">Boulevard theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Comedy drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_humours" title="Comedy of humours">Comedy of humours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_manners" title="Comedy of manners">Comedy of manners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_menace" title="Comedy of menace">Comedy of menace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_act" title="Double act">Double act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvisational_theatre" title="Improvisational theatre">Improvisational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macchietta" title="Macchietta">Macchietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-person_show" class="mw-redirect" title="One-person show">One-person show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantomime" title="Pantomime">Pantomime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harlequinade" title="Harlequinade">Harlequinade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_comedy" title="Restoration comedy">Restoration comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentimental_comedy" title="Sentimental comedy">Sentimental comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die_larmoyante" title="Comédie larmoyante">Comédie larmoyante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_play" title="Shadow play">Shadow play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_comedy" title="Shakespearean comedy">Shakespearean comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">Sketch comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spex_(theatre)" title="Spex (theatre)">Spex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">Stand-up comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_theatre" title="Street theatre">Street theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Absurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of the Absurd">Theatre of the Absurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragicomedy" title="Tragicomedy">Tragicomedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">Vaudeville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Music<br />and dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballad_opera" title="Ballad opera">Ballad opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">Cabaret</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9-chantant" title="Café-chantant">Café-chantant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9-th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre" title="Café-théâtre">Café-théâtre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-ballet" title="Comédie-ballet">Comédie-ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_club" title="Comedy club">Comedy club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_music" title="Light music">Light music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">Music hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">Musical theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_bouffe" title="Opéra bouffe">Opéra bouffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_bouffon" title="Opéra bouffon">Opéra bouffon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">Opera buffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_comique" title="Opéra comique">Opéra comique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">Revue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_album" title="Comedy album">Album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_hip_hop" title="Comedy hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_music" title="Parody music">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_comedians" title="List of musical comedians">Musical comedians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_novel" title="Comic novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_comedy" title="Radio comedy">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_comedy" title="Television comedy">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_(comedy)" title="Roast (comedy)">Roast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitcom" title="Sitcom">Sitcom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_sitcom" title="Animated sitcom">Animated sitcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_sitcom" title="Black sitcom">Black sitcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_sitcom" title="Teen sitcom">Teen sitcom</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comedic_genres" title="Comedic genres">Subgenres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_comedy" title="Alternative comedy">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribaldry" title="Ribaldry">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_comedy" title="Character comedy">Character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_comedy" title="Christian comedy">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown" title="Clown">Clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cringe_comedy" title="Cringe comedy">Cringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadpan" title="Deadpan">Deadpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_comedy" title="Documentary comedy">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_comedy" title="High comedy">High</a> / <a href="/wiki/Low_comedy" title="Low comedy">low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insult_comedy" title="Insult comedy">Insult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observational_comedy" title="Observational comedy">Observational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_comedy" title="Physical comedy">Physical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prop_comedy" title="Prop comedy">Prop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-referential_humor" title="Self-referential humor">Self-referential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_humour" title="Shock humour">Shock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_comedy" title="Sick comedy">Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick" title="Slapstick">Slapstick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_slapstick_comedy_topics" title="List of slapstick comedy topics">Topics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surreal_humour" title="Surreal humour">Surreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventriloquism" title="Ventriloquism">Ventriloquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Comedy" 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