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<li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_circuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_circuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Modern circuses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_circuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th-century_North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th-century_North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>20th-century North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th-century_North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Circus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Circus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Circus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Circus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pierrot_and_Harlequin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pierrot_and_Harlequin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pierrot and Harlequin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pierrot_and_Harlequin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-White_and_Auguste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_and_Auguste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>White and Auguste</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_and_Auguste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_horror" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_horror"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>In horror</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_horror-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Character" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Character</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Character-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Terminology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roles_and_skills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roles_and_skills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Roles and skills</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roles_and_skills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frameworks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frameworks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Frameworks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frameworks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gags,_bits_and_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gags,_bits_and_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Gags, bits and business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gags,_bits_and_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Menu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interludes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interludes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Interludes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interludes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prop_stunts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prop_stunts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Prop stunts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prop_stunts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Clown</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nar" title="Nar – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clown" title="Clown – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Clown" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="مهرج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مهرج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%A1%D5%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ծաղրածու – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ծաղրածու" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payasu" title="Payasu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Payasu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloun" title="Kloun – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kloun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A1u-thi%C3%BA-%C3%A1" title="Siáu-thiú-á – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siáu-thiú-á" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD" title="Клоўн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клоўн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Клоун – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клоун" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clown" title="Clown – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Clown" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallasso" title="Pallasso – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pallasso" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Клоун – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Клоун" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaun" title="Klaun – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klaun" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clown" title="Clown – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Clown" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klovn" title="Klovn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Klovn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86" title="كلون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كلون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clown" title="Clown – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Clown" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloun" title="Kloun – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kloun" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD" title="Κλόουν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλόουν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj%C3%A0s" title="Pajàs – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pajàs" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payaso" title="Payaso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Payaso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kla%C5%ADno" title="Klaŭno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klaŭno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pailazo" title="Pailazo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pailazo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%82%DA%A9" title="دلقک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دلقک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clown" title="Clown – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Clown" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_grinn" title="Fear grinn – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fear grinn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallaso,_pallasa" title="Pallaso, pallasa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pallaso, pallasa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3)" title="Жуккарг (саг) – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Жуккарг (саг)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%8C%80" title="광대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%A1%D5%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ծաղրածու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծաղրածու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="जोकर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जोकर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaun" title="Klaun – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klaun" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klauno" title="Klauno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Klauno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badut" title="Badut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Badut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagliaccio" title="Pagliaccio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pagliaccio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9F" title="ליצן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליצן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badhut" title="Badhut – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Badhut" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Клоун – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Клоун" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloun" title="Kloun – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kloun" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurra" title="Scurra – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scurra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klauns" title="Klauns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klauns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klounas" title="Klounas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klounas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagiasso" title="Pagiasso – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Pagiasso" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boh%C3%B3c" title="Bohóc – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bohóc" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD" title="Кловн – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кловн" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF" title="കോമാളി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോമാളി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badut" title="Badut – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Badut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clown" title="Clown – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Clown" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8C%96%E5%B8%AB" title="道化師 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="道化師" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Жухарг – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Жухарг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klovn" title="Klovn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klovn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klovn" title="Klovn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Klovn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ii mw-list-item"><a href="https://ii.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="首页 – Sichuan Yi" lang="ii" hreflang="ii" data-title="首页" data-language-autonym="ꆇꉙ" data-language-local-name="Sichuan Yi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꆇꉙ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palhassa" title="Palhassa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Palhassa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaun" title="Klaun – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Klaun" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palha%C3%A7o" title="Palhaço – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palhaço" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovn" title="Clovn – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clovn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Клоун – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клоун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloun" title="Cloun – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cloun" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pala%C3%A7o" title="Palaço – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Palaço" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clown" title="Clown – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Clown" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klovn" title="Klovn – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Klovn" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%BE%D8%AC%D8%A7%DA%95" title="گەپجاڕ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەپجاڕ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klovn" title="Klovn – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Klovn" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaun" title="Klaun – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klaun" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klovni" title="Klovni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Klovni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clown" title="Clown – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Clown" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payaso" title="Payaso – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Payaso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="கோமாளி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோமாளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Клоун – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Клоун" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%9F%E1%8F%97_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%9B%E1%8F%81%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎤᏬᏟᏗ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏬᏟᏗ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palya%C3%A7o" title="Palyaço – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Palyaço" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Клоун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клоун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BA_h%E1%BB%81" title="Chú hề – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chú hề" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaunan" title="Klaunan – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Klaunan" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%B5un" title="Klõun – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Klõun" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payaso" title="Payaso – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Payaso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%91" title="小丑 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="小丑" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%91" title="小丑 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="小丑" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%91" title="小丑 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="小丑" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7358#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Clown_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Clown (disambiguation)">Clown (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:antiquewhite;">Clown</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Auguste_clown_reading_a_book_upside-down.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Auguste_clown_reading_a_book_upside-down.jpg/220px-Auguste_clown_reading_a_book_upside-down.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Auguste_clown_reading_a_book_upside-down.jpg/330px-Auguste_clown_reading_a_book_upside-down.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Auguste_clown_reading_a_book_upside-down.jpg/440px-Auguste_clown_reading_a_book_upside-down.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1453" data-file-height="2193" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A typical clown of the Western "buffoon" tradition</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Medium</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Physical_comedy" title="Physical comedy">Physical comedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acting" title="Acting">acting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mime_artist" title="Mime artist">mime</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Types</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Circus" title="Circus">circus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_circus" title="Contemporary circus">contemporary circus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">comedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ancestor arts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jester" title="Jester">Jester</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descendant arts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harlequinade" title="Harlequinade">Harlequinade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comedian" title="Comedian">comedian</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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skills</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(illusion)" title="Magic (illusion)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mime_artist" title="Mime artist">Mime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">Professional wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppetry" title="Puppetry">Puppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_speaking" title="Public speaking">Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">Stand-up comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_performance" title="Street performance">Street performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventriloquism" title="Ventriloquism">Ventriloquism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Performing_arts" title="Template:Performing arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Performing_arts" title="Template talk:Performing arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Performing_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Performing arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>clown</b> is a person who performs <a href="/wiki/Physical_comedy" title="Physical comedy">physical comedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts">arts</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Improvisational_theatre#Comedy" title="Improvisational theatre">open-ended fashion</a>, typically while wearing distinct <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">makeup</a> or <a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">costuming</a> and reversing <a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">folkway-norms</a>. The art of performing as a clown is known as <b>clowning</b> or <b>buffoonery</b>, and the term "clown" may be used synonymously with predecessors like <b>jester</b>, <b>joker</b>, <b>buffoon</b>, <b>fool</b>, or <b>harlequin</b>. Clowns have a diverse tradition with significant variations in costume and performance. The most recognisable clowns are those that commonly perform in the circus, characterized by colorful wigs, red noses, and oversized shoes. However, clowns have also played roles in theater and folklore, like the <a href="/wiki/Court_jester" class="mw-redirect" title="Court jester">court jesters</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and the jesters and ritual clowns of various <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous cultures">indigenous cultures</a>. Their performances can elicit a range of emotions, from humor and laughter to fear and discomfort, reflecting complex societal and psychological dimensions. Through the centuries, clowns have continued to play significant roles in society, evolving alongside changing cultural norms and artistic expressions.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>The most ancient clowns have been found in the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifth Dynasty of Egypt</a>, around 2400 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Bala2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bala2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike <a href="/wiki/Jester" title="Jester">court jesters</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (August 2015)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Clown#Dubious" title="Talk:Clown">discuss</a></i>]</sup> clowns have traditionally served a socio-religious and psychological role, and traditionally<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the roles of <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> and clown have been held by the same persons.<sup id="cite_ref-Bala2010_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bala2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter Berger writes, "It seems plausible that folly and fools, like religion and magic, meet some deeply rooted needs in human society."<sup id="cite_ref-BergerP78_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BergerP78-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason, clowning is often considered an important part of training as a <a href="/wiki/Physical_theatre" title="Physical theatre">physical performance</a> discipline, partly because tricky subject matter can be dealt with, but also because it requires a high level of risk and play in the performer.<sup id="cite_ref-CalleryP64_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CalleryP64-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In anthropology, the term <i>clown</i> has been extended to comparable jester or fool characters in non-Western cultures. A society in which such clowns have an important position are termed <i><a href="/wiki/Clown_society" title="Clown society">clown societies</a></i>, and a clown character involved in a religious or ritual capacity is known as a <i><a href="/wiki/Ritual_clown" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual clown">ritual clown</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many native tribes have a history of clowning, such as the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_clown" title="Pueblo clown">Pueblo clown</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kachina" title="Kachina">Kachina</a> culture. A <a href="/wiki/Heyoka" title="Heyoka">Heyoka</a> is an individual in <a href="/wiki/Lakota_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakota tribe">Lakota</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dakota_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakota tribe">Dakota</a> cultures who lives outside the constraints of normal cultural roles, playing the role of a backwards clown by doing everything in reverse. The Heyoka role is sometimes best filled by a <a href="/wiki/Winkte" title="Winkte">Winkte</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_First_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian First Nations">Canadian First Nations</a> also feature jester-like ritual performers, translated by one Anishinaabe activist as "Harlequins", though the exact nature of their role is kept secret from non-members of the tribe into the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_clowning" title="Canadian clowning">Canadian clowning</a> method developed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pochinko" title="Richard Pochinko">Richard Pochinko</a> and furthered by his former apprentice, Sue Morrison, combines European and Native American clowning techniques. In this tradition, masks are made of clay while the creator's eyes are closed. A mask is made for each direction of the <a href="/wiki/Medicine_wheel" title="Medicine wheel">medicine wheel</a>. During this process, the clown creates a personal mythology that explores their personal experiences. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"Grimaldi was the first recognizable ancestor of the modern clown, sort of the <i>Homo erectus</i> of clown evolution. Before him, a clown may have worn make-up, but it was usually just a bit of rouge on the cheeks to heighten the sense of them being florid, funny drunks or rustic yokels. Grimaldi, however, suited up in bizarre, colorful costumes, stark white face paint punctuated by spots of bright red on his cheeks and topped with a blue mohawk. He was a master of physical comedy—he leapt in the air, stood on his head, fought himself in hilarious fisticuffs that had audiences rolling in the aisles—as well as of satire lampooning the absurd fashions of the day, comic impressions, and ribald songs." </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<i>The History and Psychology of Clowns Being Scary</i>, <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian">Smithsonian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Circus_clown" title="Circus clown">circus clown</a> tradition developed out of earlier comedic roles in theatre or <i>Varieté</i> shows during the 19th to mid 20th centuries. This recognizable character features outlandish costumes, distinctive makeup, colorful wigs, exaggerated footwear, and colorful clothing, with the style generally being designed to entertain large audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first mainstream clown role was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grimaldi" title="Joseph Grimaldi">Joseph Grimaldi</a> (who also created the traditional whiteface make-up design). In the early 1800s, he expanded the role of Clown in the <a href="/wiki/Harlequinade" title="Harlequinade">harlequinade</a> that formed part of British <a href="/wiki/Pantomime" title="Pantomime">pantomimes</a>, notably at the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Drury_Lane" title="Theatre Royal, Drury Lane">Theatre Royal, Drury Lane</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sadler%27s_Wells_Theatre" title="Sadler's Wells Theatre">Sadler's Wells</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House">Covent Garden</a> theatres. He became so dominant on the London comic stage that harlequinade Clowns became known as "Joey", and both the nickname and Grimaldi's whiteface make-up design are still used by other clowns.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">comedy</a> that clowns perform is usually in the role of a fool whose everyday actions and tasks become extraordinary—and for whom the ridiculous, for a short while, becomes ordinary. This style of comedy has a long history in many countries and cultures across the world. Some writers have argued that due to the widespread use of such comedy and its long history it is a need that is part of the human condition.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Modern_clowning" title="Modern clowning">modern clowning</a> school of comedy in the 21st century diverged from white-face clown tradition, with more of an emphasis on personal vulnerability<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_Fear_Factor_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Fear_Factor-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and heightened sexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_CARNAL_CLOWNS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_CARNAL_CLOWNS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3></div> <p>The <i>clown</i> character developed out of the <a href="/wiki/Zanni" title="Zanni">zanni</a> <i>rustic fool</i> characters of the early modern <a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">commedia dell'arte</a>, which were themselves directly based on the <i>rustic fool</i> characters of ancient <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Rome" title="Theatre of ancient Rome">Roman theatre</a>. Rustic buffoon characters in Classical Greek theater were known as <i>sklêro-paiktês</i> (from <i>paizein</i>: <i>to play (like a child)</i>) or <i>deikeliktas</i>, besides other generic terms for <i>rustic</i> or <i>peasant</i>. In Roman theater, a term for clown was <i>fossor</i>, literally <i>digger; labourer</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Grimaldi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Joseph_Grimaldi.jpg/225px-Joseph_Grimaldi.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Joseph_Grimaldi.jpg/338px-Joseph_Grimaldi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Joseph_Grimaldi.jpg/450px-Joseph_Grimaldi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grimaldi" title="Joseph Grimaldi">Joseph Grimaldi</a> as "Joey" the Clown, c. 1810</figcaption></figure> <p>The English word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clown" class="extiw" title="wikt:clown">clown</a></i> was first recorded c. 1560 (as <i>clowne, cloyne</i>) in the generic meaning <i>rustic, boor, peasant</i>. The origin of the word is uncertain, perhaps from a Scandinavian word cognate with <i>clumsy</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is in this sense that <i>Clown</i> is used as the name of <a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_fool" title="Shakespearean fool">fool characters</a> in Shakespeare's <i><a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter%27s_Tale" title="The Winter's Tale">The Winter's Tale</a></i>. The sense of <i>clown</i> as referring to a professional or habitual fool or jester developed soon after 1600, based on <a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance_theatre" title="English Renaissance theatre">Elizabethan</a> <i>rustic fool</i> characters such as Shakespeare's. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Harlequinade" title="Harlequinade">harlequinade</a> developed in England in the 17th century, inspired by <a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Arlecchino</a> and the commedia dell'arte. It was here that <i><a href="/wiki/Clown_(Harlequinade)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clown (Harlequinade)">Clown</a></i> came into use as the given name of a stock character. Originally a foil for Harlequin's slyness and adroit nature, Clown was a buffoon or bumpkin fool who resembled less a jester than a comical idiot. He was a lower class character dressed in tattered servants' garb. </p><p>The now-classical features of the clown character were developed in the early 1800s by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grimaldi" title="Joseph Grimaldi">Joseph Grimaldi</a>, who played Clown in <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dibdin_the_younger" title="Charles Dibdin the younger">Charles Dibdin's</a> 1800 pantomime <i>Peter Wilkins: or Harlequin in the Flying World</i> at <a href="/wiki/Sadler%27s_Wells_Theatre" title="Sadler's Wells Theatre">Sadler's Wells Theatre</a>, where Grimaldi built the character up into the central figure of the harlequinade.<sup id="cite_ref-Neville6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neville6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilkins_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkins-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_circuses"><span class="anchor" id="Auguste"></span><span class="anchor" id="Red"></span>Modern circuses</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Circus_clown" title="Circus clown">Circus clown</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Circus_clown" title="Circus clown">circus clown</a> developed in the 19th century. The modern circus derives from <a href="/wiki/Philip_Astley" title="Philip Astley">Philip Astley</a>'s London riding school, which opened in 1768. Astley added a clown to his shows to amuse the spectators between equestrian sequences. American <a href="/wiki/Comedian" title="Comedian">comedian</a> <a href="/wiki/George_L._Fox_(clown)" title="George L. Fox (clown)">George L. Fox</a> became known for his clown role, directly inspired by Grimaldi, in the 1860s. Tom Belling senior (1843–1900) developed the <i>red clown</i> or <i>Auguste</i> (<i>Dummer August</i>) character c. 1870, acting as a foil for the more sophisticated <i>white clown</i>. Belling worked for <a href="/wiki/Circus_Renz" title="Circus Renz">Circus Renz</a> in Vienna. Belling's costume became the template for the modern stock character of circus or children's clown, based on a lower class or <i>hobo</i> character, with red nose, white makeup around the eyes and mouth, and oversized clothes and shoes. The clown character as developed by the late 19th century is reflected in <a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Leoncavallo" title="Ruggero Leoncavallo">Ruggero Leoncavallo</a>'s 1892 opera <i><a href="/wiki/Pagliacci" title="Pagliacci">Pagliacci</a></i> (<i>Clowns</i>). Belling's <i>Auguste</i> character was further popularized by <a href="/wiki/Nicolai_Poliakoff" title="Nicolai Poliakoff">Nicolai Poliakoff</a>'s <i>Coco</i> in the 1920s to 1930s. </p><p>The English word <i>clown</i> was borrowed, along with the circus clown act, by many other languages, such as French <i>clown</i>, Russian (and other Slavic languages) кло́ун, Greek κλόουν, Danish/Norwegian <i>klovn</i>, Romanian <i>clovn</i> etc. </p><p>Italian retains <i>Pagliaccio</i>, a Commedia dell'arte <a href="/wiki/Zanni" title="Zanni">zanni</a> character,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and derivations of the Italian term are found in other Romance languages, such as French <i>Paillasse</i>, Spanish <i>payaso</i>, Catalan/Galician <i>pallasso</i>, Portuguese <i>palhaço</i>, Greek παλιάτσος, Turkish <i>palyaço</i>, German <i>Pajass</i> (via French)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yiddish פּאַיאַץ (<i>payats</i>), Russian пая́ц, Romanian <i>paiață</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th-century_North_America">20th-century North America</h3></div> <p>In the early 20th century, with the disappearance of the rustic simpleton or village idiot character of everyday experience, North American circuses developed characters such as the <a href="/wiki/Tramp" title="Tramp">tramp</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hobo" title="Hobo">hobo</a>. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Marceline_Orbes" title="Marceline Orbes">Marceline Orbes</a>, who performed at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Hippodrome" title="New York Hippodrome">Hippodrome Theater</a> (1905), <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tramp" title="The Tramp">The Tramp</a></i> (1914), and <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Kelly" title="Emmett Kelly">Emmett Kelly</a>'s <i>Weary Willie</i> based on hobos of the Depression era. Another influential tramp character was played by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Griebling" title="Otto Griebling">Otto Griebling</a> during the 1930s to 1950s. <a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a>'s Dodo the Clown in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Clown_(1953_film)" title="The Clown (1953 film)">The Clown</a></i> (1953), depicts the circus clown as a tragicomic stock character, "a funny man with a drinking problem".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the United States, <a href="/wiki/Bozo_the_Clown" title="Bozo the Clown">Bozo the Clown</a> was an influential <i>Auguste</i> character since the late 1950s. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bozo_Show" title="The Bozo Show">The Bozo Show</a></i> premiered in 1960 and appeared nationally on cable television in 1978. <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> derived its mascot clown, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_McDonald" title="Ronald McDonald">Ronald McDonald</a>, from the <i>Bozo</i> character in the 1960s. <a href="/wiki/Willard_Scott" title="Willard Scott">Willard Scott</a>, who had played <i>Bozo</i> during 1959–1962, performed as the mascot in 1963 television spots. The McDonald's trademark application for the character dates to 1967. </p><p>Based on the <i>Bozo</i> template, the US custom of birthday clown, private contractors who offer to perform as clowns at children's parties, developed in the 1960s to 1970s. The strong association of the (<i>Bozo</i>-derived) clown character with children's entertainment as it has developed since the 1960s also gave rise to <a href="/wiki/Clown_Care" title="Clown Care">Clown Care</a> or <i>hospital clowning</i> in children's hospitals by the mid-1980s. <a href="/wiki/Clowns_of_America_International" title="Clowns of America International">Clowns of America International</a> (established 1984) and <a href="/wiki/World_Clown_Association" title="World Clown Association">World Clown Association</a> (established 1987) are associations of semi-professionals and professional performers. </p><p>The shift of the <i>Auguste</i> or <i>red clown</i> character from his role as a foil for the white in circus or pantomime shows to a <i>Bozo</i>-derived standalone character in children's entertainment by the 1980s also gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/Evil_clown" title="Evil clown">evil clown</a> character, with the attraction of clowns for small children being based in their fundamentally threatening or frightening nature.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fear of clowns, particularly circus clowns, has become known by the term "coulrophobia."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Clown" title="Special:EditPage/Clown">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are different types of clowns portrayed around the world. They include </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circus_clown#The_auguste" title="Circus clown">Auguste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackface" title="Blackface">Blackface</a></li> <li>Buffoon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jester" title="Jester">Jester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mime_artist" title="Mime artist">Mime artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Clowns" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo Clowns">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodeo_clown" title="Rodeo clown">Rodeo clown</a></li> <li>Tramp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_clown#The_whiteface_clown" title="Circus clown">Whiteface</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Circus">Circus</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Circus_clown" title="Circus clown">Circus clown</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pierrot_and_Harlequin">Pierrot and Harlequin</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Harlequinade" title="Harlequinade">Harlequinade</a></div> <p>The classical pairing of the White Clown with Auguste in modern tradition has a precedent in the pairing of <a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'arte</a>. Originally, Harlequin's role was that of a light-hearted, nimble and astute servant, paired with the sterner and melancholic Pierrot. </p><p>In the 18th-century English <a href="/wiki/Harlequinade" title="Harlequinade">Harlequinade</a>, Harlequin was now paired with Clown. As developed by Joseph Grimaldi around 1800, Clown became the mischievous and brutish foil for the more sophisticated Harlequin, who became more of a romantic character. The most influential such pair in Victorian England were the Payne Brothers, active during the 1860s and 1870s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_and_Auguste"><span class="anchor" id="White"></span><span class="anchor" id="White_clown_and_Auguste"></span><span class="anchor" id="Sad"></span>White and Auguste</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LES_ROSSYANN_Weisscloun_und_dummer_August.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/LES_ROSSYANN_Weisscloun_und_dummer_August.JPG/220px-LES_ROSSYANN_Weisscloun_und_dummer_August.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/LES_ROSSYANN_Weisscloun_und_dummer_August.JPG/330px-LES_ROSSYANN_Weisscloun_und_dummer_August.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/LES_ROSSYANN_Weisscloun_und_dummer_August.JPG/440px-LES_ROSSYANN_Weisscloun_und_dummer_August.JPG 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="1114" /></a><figcaption>Les Rossyann, <i>white clown</i> and clumsy <i>Auguste</i> from France</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>white clown</i>, or <i>clown blanc</i> in French, is a sophisticated character, as opposed to the clumsy Auguste.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two types are also distinguished as the <i>sad clown</i> (blanc) and <i>happy clown</i> (Auguste).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Auguste face base makeup color is a variation of pink, red, or tan rather than white. Features are exaggerated in size, and are typically red and black in color. The mouth is thickly outlined with white (called the muzzle) as are the eyes. Appropriate to the character, the Auguste can be dressed in either well-fitted garb or a costume that does not fit – oversize or too small, either is appropriate. Bold colors, large prints or patterns, and suspenders often characterize Auguste costumes. </p><p>The Auguste character-type is often an anarchist, a joker, or a fool. He is clever and has much lower status than the whiteface. Classically the whiteface character instructs the Auguste character to perform his bidding. The Auguste has a hard time performing a given task, which leads to funny situations. Sometimes the Auguste plays the role of an anarchist and purposefully has trouble following the whiteface's directions. Sometimes the Auguste is confused or is foolish and makes errors less deliberately. </p><p>The <i>contra-auguste</i> plays the role of the mediator between the white clown and the Auguste character. He has a lower status than the white clown but a higher status than the Auguste. He aspires to be more like the white clown and often mimics everything the white clown does to try to gain approval. If there is a contra-auguste character, he often is instructed by the whiteface to correct the Auguste when he is doing something wrong. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G.L._Fox_the_original_Humpty_Dumpty._LCCN2014635786.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/G.L._Fox_the_original_Humpty_Dumpty._LCCN2014635786.jpg/220px-G.L._Fox_the_original_Humpty_Dumpty._LCCN2014635786.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/G.L._Fox_the_original_Humpty_Dumpty._LCCN2014635786.jpg/330px-G.L._Fox_the_original_Humpty_Dumpty._LCCN2014635786.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/G.L._Fox_the_original_Humpty_Dumpty._LCCN2014635786.jpg/440px-G.L._Fox_the_original_Humpty_Dumpty._LCCN2014635786.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2130" data-file-height="2687" /></a><figcaption>G.L. Fox, the original Humpty Dumpty, c. 1860s</figcaption></figure> <p>There are two major types of clowns with whiteface makeup: The classic <i>white clown</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a> character. His makeup is white, usually with facial features such as eyebrows emphasized in black. He is the more intelligent and sophisticated clown, contrasting with the rude or grotesque <i>Auguste</i> types. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Caroli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Caroli (page does not exist)">Francesco Caroli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glen_Little_(clown)" title="Glen Little (clown)">Glenn "Frosty" Little</a> are examples of this type. The second type of whiteface is the buffoonish clown of the <i><a href="/wiki/Bozo_the_Clown" title="Bozo the Clown">Bozo</a></i> type, known as <i>Comedy</i> or <i>Grotesque Whiteface</i>. This type has grotesquely emphasized features, especially a red nose and red mouth, often with partial (mostly red) hair. In the comedic partnership of <a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Abbott and Costello">Abbott and Costello</a>, Bud Abbot would have been the classic whiteface and Lou Costello the comedy whiteface or Auguste.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, the whiteface clown uses <i>clown white</i> makeup to cover the entire face and neck, leaving none of the underlying natural skin visible.<sup id="cite_ref-MCS117-118_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCS117-118-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the European whiteface makeup, the ears are painted red. </p><p>Whiteface makeup was originally designed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grimaldi" title="Joseph Grimaldi">Joseph Grimaldi</a> in 1801. He began by painting a white base over his face, neck and chest before adding red triangles on the cheeks, thick eyebrows and large red lips set in a mischievous grin. Grimaldi's design is used by many modern clowns. According to Grimaldi's biographer Andrew McConnell Stott, it was one of the most important theatrical designs of the 1800s.<sup id="cite_ref-MCS117-118_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCS117-118-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>America's first great whiteface clown was stage star <a href="/wiki/George_L._Fox_(clown)" title="George L. Fox (clown)">George "G.L." Fox</a>. Inspired by Grimaldi, Fox popularised the Humpty Dumpty stories throughout the U.S. in the 1860s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_horror">In horror</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Evil_clown" title="Evil clown">Evil clown</a></div> <p>The scary clown, also known as the evil clown or killer clown, is a subversion of the traditional comic clown character, in which the playful trope is instead depicted in a more disturbing nature through the use of <a href="/wiki/Horror_and_terror" title="Horror and terror">horror</a> elements and <a href="/wiki/Dark_humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark humor">dark humor</a>. The character can be seen as playing on the sense of unease felt by those with coulrophobia, the <a href="/wiki/Phobia" title="Phobia">fear</a> of clowns. The modern archetype of the evil clown was popularized by <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> character <a href="/wiki/Joker_(character)" title="Joker (character)">the Joker</a> starting in 1940 and again by <a href="/wiki/It_(character)" title="It (character)">Pennywise</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/It_(novel)" title="It (novel)">It</a></i>, which introduced the fear of an evil clown to a modern audience. In the novel, the eponymous character is a pan-dimensional monster which feeds mainly on children by luring them in the form of a clown, named "Pennywise", and then assuming the shape of whatever the victim fears the most. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Character">Character</h3></div> <p>The character clown adopts an eccentric character of some type, such as a butcher, a baker, a policeman, a housewife or <a href="/wiki/Hobo" title="Hobo">hobo</a>. Prime examples of this type of clown are the circus tramps <a href="/wiki/Otto_Griebling" title="Otto Griebling">Otto Griebling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Kelly" title="Emmett Kelly">Emmett Kelly</a>. <a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Lloyd" title="Harold Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mr._Bean_(character)" title="Mr. Bean (character)">Rowan Atkinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacha_Baron_Cohen" title="Sacha Baron Cohen">Sacha Baron Cohen</a> would all fit the definition of a character clown. </p><p>The character clown makeup is a comic slant on the standard human face. Their makeup starts with a flesh tone base and may make use of anything from glasses, mustaches and beards to freckles, warts, big ears or strange haircuts. </p><p>The most prevalent character clown in the American circus is the <i>hobo</i>, <i>tramp</i> or <i>bum</i> clown. There are subtle differences in the American character clown types. The primary differences among these clown types is <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(psychology)" title="Attitude (psychology)">attitude</a>. According to American circus expert <a href="/wiki/Hovey_Burgess" class="mw-redirect" title="Hovey Burgess">Hovey Burgess</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2020)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup> they are: </p> <ul><li>The Hobo: Migratory and finds work where he travels. Down on his luck but maintains a positive <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(psychology)" title="Attitude (psychology)">attitude</a>.</li> <li>The Tramp: Migratory and does not work where he travels. Down on his <a href="/wiki/Luck" title="Luck">luck</a> and depressed about his situation.</li> <li>The Bum: Non-migratory and non-working.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Clown_Association" title="World Clown Association">World Clown Association</a> is a worldwide organization for clowns, jugglers, magicians, and face painters. It holds an annual convention, mainly in the United States. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Clowns_of_America_International" title="Clowns of America International">Clowns of America International</a> is a Minnesota-based non-profit clown arts membership organization which aims "to share, educate, and act as a gathering place for serious minded amateurs, semiprofessionals, and professional clowns". </p><p><b>Clowns International</b> is a British clowning organisation dating back to the 1940s. It is responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Clowns_Gallery-Museum" title="Clowns Gallery-Museum">Clown Egg Register</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roles_and_skills">Roles and skills</h3></div> <p>In the circus, a clown might perform other circus roles or skills. Clowns may perform such skills as <a href="/wiki/Tightrope" class="mw-redirect" title="Tightrope">tightrope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juggling" title="Juggling">juggling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unicycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicycling">unicycling</a>, <a href="/wiki/MC" class="mw-redirect" title="MC">Master of Ceremonies</a>, or ride an animal. Clowns may also "sit in" with the <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestra</a>. Other circus performers may also temporarily stand in for a clown and perform their skills in clown costume. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frameworks">Frameworks</h3></div> <p>Frameworks are the general outline of an act that clowns use to help them build out an act.<sup id="cite_ref-simplycircus.com_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simplycircus.com-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frameworks can be loose, including only a general beginning and ending to the act, leaving it up to the clown's creativity to fill in the rest, or at the other extreme a fully developed script that allows very little room for creativity. </p><p>Shows are the overall production that a clown is a part of, it may or may not include elements other than clowning, such as in a circus show. In a circus context, clown shows are typically made up of some combination of <i>entrées, side dishes, clown stops, track gags, gags</i> and <i>bits</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gags,_bits_and_business"><span id="Gags.2C_bits_and_business"></span>Gags, bits and business</h3></div> <ul><li><b>Business</b> – the individual motions the clown uses, often used to express the clown's character.</li> <li><b>Gag</b> – very short piece of clown comedy that, when repeated within a <i>bit</i> or <i>routine</i>, may become a <i><a href="/wiki/Running_gag" title="Running gag">running gag</a></i>. Gags are, loosely, the jokes clowns play on each other. A gag may have a beginning, a middle, and an end – or may not. Gags can also refer to the prop stunts/tricks or the stunts that clowns use, such as a squirting flower.</li> <li><b>Bit</b> – the clown's sketch or routine, made up of one or more gags either worked out and timed before going on stage, or impromptu bits composed of familiar improvisational material</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menu">Menu</h3></div> <ul><li><b>Entrée</b> — clowning acts lasting 5–10 minutes. Typically made up of various gags and bits, usually within a clowning framework. Entrées almost always end with a <i>blow-off</i> — the comedic ending of a show segment, bit, gag, stunt, or routine.</li> <li><b>Side dish</b> — shorter feature act. Side dishes are essentially shorter versions of the <i>entrée,</i> typically lasting 1–3 minutes. Typically made up of various gags and bits, side dishes are usually within a clowning framework. Side dishes almost always end with a <i>blow-off.</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interludes">Interludes</h3></div> <p><i>Clown Stops</i> or <i>interludes</i> are the brief appearances of clowns in a circus while the props and rigging are changed. These are typically made up of a few <i>gags</i> or several <i>bits</i>. Clown stops will always have a beginning, a middle, and an end to them, invariably culminating in a blow-off. These are also called <i>reprises</i> or <i>run-ins</i> by many, and in today's circus they are an art form in themselves. Originally they were bits of <i>business</i> usually parodying the preceding act. If for instance there had been a <a href="/wiki/Tightrope_walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Tightrope walker">tightrope walker</a> the reprise would involve two chairs with a piece of rope between and the clown trying to imitate the <i>artiste</i> by trying to walk between them, with the resulting falls and cascades bringing laughter from the audience. Today, interludes are far more complex, and in many modern shows the clowning is a thread that links the whole show together. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prop_stunts">Prop stunts</h3></div> <p>Among the more well-known clown stunts are: squirting flower; the <i><a href="/wiki/Clown_car" title="Clown car">too-many-clowns-coming-out-of-a-tiny-car</a></i> stunt; doing just about anything with a <a href="/wiki/Rubber_chicken" title="Rubber chicken">rubber chicken</a>, tripping over one's own feet (or an air pocket or imaginary blemish in the floor), or riding any number of ridiculous vehicles or <a href="/wiki/Clown_bicycle" title="Clown bicycle">clown bicycles</a>. Individual prop stunts are generally considered individual bits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph-Grimaldi-head.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Grimaldi as Clown, showing his own make-up design (1820)"><img alt="Joseph Grimaldi as Clown, showing his own make-up design (1820)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Joseph-Grimaldi-head.jpg/120px-Joseph-Grimaldi-head.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Joseph-Grimaldi-head.jpg/180px-Joseph-Grimaldi-head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Joseph-Grimaldi-head.jpg/240px-Joseph-Grimaldi-head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grimaldi" title="Joseph Grimaldi">Joseph Grimaldi</a> as Clown, showing his own make-up design (1820)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Actor_in_clown_costume_-_Weir_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Actor in a clown costume (c. 1870)"><img alt="Actor in a clown costume (c. 1870)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Actor_in_clown_costume_-_Weir_Collection.jpg/89px-Actor_in_clown_costume_-_Weir_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Actor_in_clown_costume_-_Weir_Collection.jpg/133px-Actor_in_clown_costume_-_Weir_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Actor_in_clown_costume_-_Weir_Collection.jpg/178px-Actor_in_clown_costume_-_Weir_Collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3370" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Actor in a clown costume (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Italian Pagliaccio of c. 1600 (Maurice Sand, Masques et bouffons (Comedie Italienne), 1860)"><img alt="The Italian Pagliaccio of c. 1600 (Maurice Sand, Masques et bouffons (Comedie Italienne), 1860)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_05.jpg/67px-SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_05.jpg/101px-SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_05.jpg/134px-SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="1034" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Pagliaccio</i></span> of c. 1600 (Maurice Sand, <i>Masques et bouffons (Comedie Italienne)</i>, 1860)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuchin_the_clown.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chuchín (José de Jesus Medrano), a famous Mexican circus clown from the late 1960s to 1984"><img alt="Chuchín (José de Jesus Medrano), a famous Mexican circus clown from the late 1960s to 1984" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chuchin_the_clown.jpg/89px-Chuchin_the_clown.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chuchin_the_clown.jpg/133px-Chuchin_the_clown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chuchin_the_clown.jpg/178px-Chuchin_the_clown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1103" data-file-height="1487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Chuch%C3%ADn" title="Chuchín">Chuchín</a></i> (José de Jesus Medrano), a famous Mexican circus clown from the late 1960s to 1984</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arm_%26_Hammer_Brand_Soda_poster_ca._1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A circus clown in an Arm & Hammer Brand Soda advertisement poster (c. 1900)"><img alt="A circus clown in an Arm & Hammer Brand Soda advertisement poster (c. 1900)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Arm_%26_Hammer_Brand_Soda_poster_ca._1900.jpg/87px-Arm_%26_Hammer_Brand_Soda_poster_ca._1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Arm_%26_Hammer_Brand_Soda_poster_ca._1900.jpg/131px-Arm_%26_Hammer_Brand_Soda_poster_ca._1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Arm_%26_Hammer_Brand_Soda_poster_ca._1900.jpg/175px-Arm_%26_Hammer_Brand_Soda_poster_ca._1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Circus_clown" title="Circus clown">circus clown</a> in an <i>Arm & Hammer Brand Soda</i> advertisement poster (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auguste_clown_with_a_pie_at_a_parade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clowns are often associated with the pie-in-the-face gag. An auguste clown holds a pie at a parade."><img alt="Clowns are often associated with the pie-in-the-face gag. An auguste clown holds a pie at a parade." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Auguste_clown_with_a_pie_at_a_parade.jpg/104px-Auguste_clown_with_a_pie_at_a_parade.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Auguste_clown_with_a_pie_at_a_parade.jpg/156px-Auguste_clown_with_a_pie_at_a_parade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Auguste_clown_with_a_pie_at_a_parade.jpg/208px-Auguste_clown_with_a_pie_at_a_parade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1296" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Clowns are often associated with the <a href="/wiki/Pieing" title="Pieing">pie-in-the-face</a> gag. An auguste clown holds a pie at a parade.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_C%C3%A9zanne-_Pierrot_and_Harlequin.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pierrot and Harlequin by Paul Cézanne (1898)"><img alt="Pierrot and Harlequin by Paul Cézanne (1898)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne-_Pierrot_and_Harlequin.JPG/93px-Paul_C%C3%A9zanne-_Pierrot_and_Harlequin.JPG" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne-_Pierrot_and_Harlequin.JPG/140px-Paul_C%C3%A9zanne-_Pierrot_and_Harlequin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne-_Pierrot_and_Harlequin.JPG/186px-Paul_C%C3%A9zanne-_Pierrot_and_Harlequin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="709" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Pierrot and Harlequin</i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a> (1898)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smilie_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Smilie The Clown"><img alt="Smilie The Clown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Smilie_2.JPG/80px-Smilie_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Smilie_2.JPG/120px-Smilie_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Smilie_2.JPG/160px-Smilie_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Smilie The Clown</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Geclown.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Swedish actor Gösta Ekman senior (1890–1938) as a whiteface clown in the play Han som får örfilarna (He Who Gets Slapped) by Leonid Andreyev (1926)"><img alt="Swedish actor Gösta Ekman senior (1890–1938) as a whiteface clown in the play Han som får örfilarna (He Who Gets Slapped) by Leonid Andreyev (1926)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Geclown.jpg/56px-Geclown.jpg" decoding="async" width="56" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Geclown.jpg/85px-Geclown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Geclown.jpg/113px-Geclown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="423" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Swedish actor <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6sta_Ekman_(senior)" title="Gösta Ekman (senior)">Gösta Ekman senior</a> (1890–1938) as a whiteface clown in the play <i>Han som får örfilarna</i> (<a href="/wiki/He_Who_Gets_Slapped" title="He Who Gets Slapped">He Who Gets Slapped</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Andreyev" title="Leonid Andreyev">Leonid Andreyev</a> (1926)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lasse_Beischer_(2686825990).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Typical aspects of an Auguste; white muzzle and eyes (Swedish actor Lasse Beischer [sv] in a performance of 1 2 3 Schtunk [sv], 2008 photograph)"><img alt="Typical aspects of an Auguste; white muzzle and eyes (Swedish actor Lasse Beischer [sv] in a performance of 1 2 3 Schtunk [sv], 2008 photograph)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lasse_Beischer_%282686825990%29.jpg/80px-Lasse_Beischer_%282686825990%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lasse_Beischer_%282686825990%29.jpg/120px-Lasse_Beischer_%282686825990%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lasse_Beischer_%282686825990%29.jpg/160px-Lasse_Beischer_%282686825990%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Typical aspects of an Auguste; white muzzle and eyes (Swedish actor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lasse_Beischer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lasse Beischer (page does not exist)">Lasse Beischer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasse_Beischer" class="extiw" title="sv:Lasse Beischer">sv</a>]</span> in a performance of <a href="/w/index.php?title=1_2_3_Schtunk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 2 3 Schtunk (page does not exist)">1 2 3 Schtunk</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_2_3_Schtunk" class="extiw" title="sv:1 2 3 Schtunk">sv</a>]</span>, 2008 photograph)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inger-Nilsson-1970-in-Helsinki.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="10-year-old Swedish actress Inger Nilsson during her visit to Helsinki, Finland in February 1970; she is here seen with the Finnish clown Onni Gideon in Helsinki Ice Hall"><img alt="10-year-old Swedish actress Inger Nilsson during her visit to Helsinki, Finland in February 1970; she is here seen with the Finnish clown Onni Gideon in Helsinki Ice Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Inger-Nilsson-1970-in-Helsinki.jpg/120px-Inger-Nilsson-1970-in-Helsinki.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Inger-Nilsson-1970-in-Helsinki.jpg/180px-Inger-Nilsson-1970-in-Helsinki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Inger-Nilsson-1970-in-Helsinki.jpg/240px-Inger-Nilsson-1970-in-Helsinki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1081" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">10-year-old Swedish actress <a href="/wiki/Inger_Nilsson" title="Inger Nilsson">Inger Nilsson</a> during her visit to <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland in February 1970; she is here seen with the Finnish clown Onni Gideon in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Ice_Hall" title="Helsinki Ice Hall">Helsinki Ice Hall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bozo%27s_Circus_1968.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1968 postcard, main cast of Bozo's Circus (WGN-TV); left to right, Ringmaster Ned (Ned Locke), Mr. Bob (bandleader Bob Trendler), Bozo the Clown (Bob Bell), Oliver O. Oliver (Ray Rayner), Sandy the Clown (Don Sandburg)"><img alt="1968 postcard, main cast of Bozo's Circus (WGN-TV); left to right, Ringmaster Ned (Ned Locke), Mr. Bob (bandleader Bob Trendler), Bozo the Clown (Bob Bell), Oliver O. Oliver (Ray Rayner), Sandy the Clown (Don Sandburg)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bozo%27s_Circus_1968.JPG/120px-Bozo%27s_Circus_1968.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bozo%27s_Circus_1968.JPG/180px-Bozo%27s_Circus_1968.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bozo%27s_Circus_1968.JPG/240px-Bozo%27s_Circus_1968.JPG 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="509" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1968 postcard, main cast of <i><a href="/wiki/Bozo%27s_Circus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bozo's Circus">Bozo's Circus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/WGN-TV" title="WGN-TV">WGN-TV</a>); left to right, <i>Ringmaster Ned</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ned_Locke" title="Ned Locke">Ned Locke</a>), <i>Mr. Bob</i> (bandleader <a href="/wiki/Bob_Trendler" title="Bob Trendler">Bob Trendler</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Bozo_the_Clown" title="Bozo the Clown">Bozo the Clown</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Bob_Bell_(actor)" title="Bob Bell (actor)">Bob Bell</a>), <i>Oliver O. Oliver</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ray_Rayner" title="Ray Rayner">Ray Rayner</a>), <i>Sandy the Clown</i> (<a href="/wiki/Don_Sandburg" title="Don Sandburg">Don Sandburg</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colorful_Clown_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Toddles The Clown"><img alt="Toddles The Clown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Colorful_Clown_3.jpg/95px-Colorful_Clown_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Colorful_Clown_3.jpg/143px-Colorful_Clown_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Colorful_Clown_3.jpg/190px-Colorful_Clown_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1918" data-file-height="2417" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Toddles The Clown</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clown_chili_peppers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clown at a Memorial Day parade, 2004"><img alt="Clown at a Memorial Day parade, 2004" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Clown_chili_peppers.jpg/95px-Clown_chili_peppers.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Clown_chili_peppers.jpg/143px-Clown_chili_peppers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Clown_chili_peppers.jpg/190px-Clown_chili_peppers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Clown at a <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> parade, 2004</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clown_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clown of Düsseldorf"><img alt="Clown of Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Clown_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/120px-Clown_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Clown_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/180px-Clown_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Clown_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/240px-Clown_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Clown of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joker.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joker Clown"><img alt="Joker Clown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Joker.jpg/120px-Joker.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Joker.jpg/180px-Joker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Joker.jpg/240px-Joker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Joker Clown</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnival_Joker.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carnival Joker"><img alt="Carnival Joker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Carnival_Joker.jpg/120px-Carnival_Joker.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Carnival_Joker.jpg/180px-Carnival_Joker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Carnival_Joker.jpg/240px-Carnival_Joker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="3632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carnival Joker</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AU_Wien,_Prater,_arlekin_1,_2011.08.05_(4)_COR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A sculpture of a clown at the Wurstelprater amusement park, Vienna"><img alt="A sculpture of a clown at the Wurstelprater amusement park, Vienna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/AU_Wien%2C_Prater%2C_arlekin_1%2C_2011.08.05_%284%29_COR.jpg/120px-AU_Wien%2C_Prater%2C_arlekin_1%2C_2011.08.05_%284%29_COR.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/AU_Wien%2C_Prater%2C_arlekin_1%2C_2011.08.05_%284%29_COR.jpg/180px-AU_Wien%2C_Prater%2C_arlekin_1%2C_2011.08.05_%284%29_COR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/AU_Wien%2C_Prater%2C_arlekin_1%2C_2011.08.05_%284%29_COR.jpg/240px-AU_Wien%2C_Prater%2C_arlekin_1%2C_2011.08.05_%284%29_COR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A sculpture of a clown at the <a href="/wiki/Wurstelprater" title="Wurstelprater">Wurstelprater</a> amusement park, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhutanese_clown,_Paro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bhutanese clown in Paro, Bhutan"><img alt="Bhutanese clown in Paro, Bhutan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bhutanese_clown%2C_Paro.jpg/86px-Bhutanese_clown%2C_Paro.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bhutanese_clown%2C_Paro.jpg/128px-Bhutanese_clown%2C_Paro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bhutanese_clown%2C_Paro.jpg/171px-Bhutanese_clown%2C_Paro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2079" data-file-height="2910" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bhutanese clown in <a href="/wiki/Paro,_Bhutan" title="Paro, Bhutan">Paro, Bhutan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clown_Dog_(8126571992).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clown Dog"><img alt="Clown Dog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Clown_Dog_%288126571992%29.jpg/80px-Clown_Dog_%288126571992%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Clown_Dog_%288126571992%29.jpg/120px-Clown_Dog_%288126571992%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Clown_Dog_%288126571992%29.jpg/161px-Clown_Dog_%288126571992%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2217" data-file-height="3311" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Clown Dog</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clown_costume.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A man dressed in clown costume"><img alt="A man dressed in clown costume" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Clown_costume.jpg/86px-Clown_costume.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Clown_costume.jpg/128px-Clown_costume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Clown_costume.jpg/171px-Clown_costume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2333" data-file-height="3267" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A man dressed in clown costume</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:-Clown-_MET_DP325372.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clown, circa 1860"><img alt="Clown, circa 1860" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/-Clown-_MET_DP325372.jpg/101px--Clown-_MET_DP325372.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/-Clown-_MET_DP325372.jpg/152px--Clown-_MET_DP325372.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/-Clown-_MET_DP325372.jpg/202px--Clown-_MET_DP325372.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2725" data-file-height="3234" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Clown, circa 1860</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clown_Bassie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clown Bassie from Bassie & Adriaan"><img alt="Clown Bassie from Bassie & Adriaan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Clown_Bassie.jpg/99px-Clown_Bassie.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Clown_Bassie.jpg/149px-Clown_Bassie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Clown_Bassie.jpg/198px-Clown_Bassie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1047" data-file-height="1268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Clown Bassie from <i><a href="/wiki/Bassie_%26_Adriaan" title="Bassie & Adriaan">Bassie & Adriaan</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:34_Ulica_-_Teatr_Pinezka_-_Epidemia_%C5%9Bmiechu_-_20210709_1829_8275.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Teatr Pinezka in the show "An Epidemic of Laughter" at 34. ULICA – The International Festival of Street Theatres in Kraków"><img alt="Teatr Pinezka in the show "An Epidemic of Laughter" at 34. ULICA – The International Festival of Street Theatres in Kraków" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/34_Ulica_-_Teatr_Pinezka_-_Epidemia_%C5%9Bmiechu_-_20210709_1829_8275.jpg/110px-34_Ulica_-_Teatr_Pinezka_-_Epidemia_%C5%9Bmiechu_-_20210709_1829_8275.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/34_Ulica_-_Teatr_Pinezka_-_Epidemia_%C5%9Bmiechu_-_20210709_1829_8275.jpg/166px-34_Ulica_-_Teatr_Pinezka_-_Epidemia_%C5%9Bmiechu_-_20210709_1829_8275.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/34_Ulica_-_Teatr_Pinezka_-_Epidemia_%C5%9Bmiechu_-_20210709_1829_8275.jpg/221px-34_Ulica_-_Teatr_Pinezka_-_Epidemia_%C5%9Bmiechu_-_20210709_1829_8275.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2547" data-file-height="2766" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Teatr Pinezka in the show "An Epidemic of Laughter" at 34. ULICA – The International Festival of Street Theatres in Kraków</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_Payne_clown_slnsw.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of Englishman Harry Payne, a clown, between 1863 and 1867"><img alt="Portrait of Englishman Harry Payne, a clown, between 1863 and 1867" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Harry_Payne_clown_slnsw.jpg/74px-Harry_Payne_clown_slnsw.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Harry_Payne_clown_slnsw.jpg/111px-Harry_Payne_clown_slnsw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Harry_Payne_clown_slnsw.jpg/148px-Harry_Payne_clown_slnsw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2076" data-file-height="3358" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait of Englishman Harry Payne, a clown, between 1863 and 1867</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_clowns" title="List of clowns">List of clowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffon" title="Bouffon">Bouffon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_car" title="Clown car">Clown car</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Icelandic <i>klunni</i>, Swedish <i>kluns</i> "clumsy, boorish person"; c.f. North Frisian <i>klönne</i> and <i>kluns</i>, also meaning <i>clumsy person</i>. An alternative proposal derives <i>clown</i> from Latin <i>colonus</i> "colonist, farmer". The verb <i>to clown</i> "to play the clown onstage" is from about 1600.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From <i>paglia</i>, the word for <i>straw</i> (after the straw costume of the rustic buffoon character), or from <i>bajaccio</i> "mocker, scoffer".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> A study by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">University of Sheffield</a> concluded "that clowns are universally disliked by children. Some found them quite frightening and unknowable."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The natural dislike of clowns makes them effective in eliciting laughter by releasing tension in acting clumsy or rendering themselves helpless.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRogers1980" class="citation journal cs1">Rogers, Phyllis (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1090&context=svc">"My Favorite Foods are Dr Pepper, Collard Greens, and Pizza. I'm sure I'll Be a Good Clown"</a>. ScholarlyCommons. <i>Studies in Visual Communication</i>. <b>6</b> (1). University of Pennsylvania: 44–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.2326-8492.1980.tb00116.x">10.1111/j.2326-8492.1980.tb00116.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0276-6558">0276-6558</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>. <q>Your face was your fortune, and to copy another man's face without his permission was theft, punishable by ostracism. Every man had some kind of special trick which made his makeup look perfect...The old clowns feel that the quickest and easiest way for a person to distinguish between a clown and a person in makeup is the clown's ability to make his face move...The old clowns say that anyone can apply greasepaint to his face but very few practitioners of the art of clowning ever acquire the skill to make their faces move.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Visual+Communication&rft.atitle=My+Favorite+Foods+are+Dr+Pepper%2C+Collard+Greens%2C+and+Pizza.+I%27m+sure+I%27ll+Be+a+Good+Clown&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=44-45&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.2326-8492.1980.tb00116.x&rft.issn=0276-6558&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Phyllis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.upenn.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1090%26context%3Dsvc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2012" class="citation journal cs1">Butler, Laurel (March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210429000133/https://repository.upenn.edu/svc/vol6/iss1/7/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Everything seemed new': Clown as Embodied Critical Pedagogy"</a>. <i>Theatre Topics</i>. <b>22</b> (1). Johns Hopkins University Press: 63–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Ftt.2012.0014">10.1353/tt.2012.0014</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191476878">191476878</a>. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>. <q>Italian clown pedagogue Giovanni Fusetti proposes...conceiving of clown as a state of being...'a state of playing where everyone has access to the key question: what is so funny about myself?' Lecoq describes entering into 'the clown dimension,' which requires 'a state of openness, entirely without defense...a state of reaction and surprise' (146). John Wright...[says] 'the state of bafflement that we see in clown...as a common state of humanity...Clown reminds us that, deep down, we're all in exactly the same bemused state' (218). John Flax (2009)...says that, for Lecoq, 'theatrical clown was just about finding that basic state of vulnerability and allowing the audience to exist in that state with you...A clown state is a state of innocence and poetry and naivety that allows the audience to draw their own conclusions. That's the state that you bring them to, and they'll make the connections or not, but they love to be in that state because we don't go there very often. It's a state of anti-intellectualism, a kind of pure emotion.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theatre+Topics&rft.atitle=%27Everything+seemed+new%27%3A+Clown+as+Embodied+Critical+Pedagogy&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=63-72&rft.date=2012-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Ftt.2012.0014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191476878%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Laurel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.upenn.edu%2Fsvc%2Fvol6%2Fiss1%2F7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeisalo2017" class="citation journal cs1">Keisalo, Marianna (24 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.fi/suomenantropologi/article/view/63057">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Picking People to Hate': Reversible reversals in stand-up comedy"</a>. <i>Suomen Antropologi</i>. <b>41</b> (4): 62<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>. <q>Reversals, broadly defined as switching to the opposite of what is considered 'the normal order' ... Reversals are an important aspect of the performance of many ritual clown figures (Keisalo-Galvan 2011; Steward 1991 [1929]) as well as more everyday instances of clowning and humor (e.g., Basso 1979).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suomen+Antropologi&rft.atitle=%27Picking+People+to+Hate%27%3A+Reversible+reversals+in+stand-up+comedy&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=62&rft.date=2017-03-24&rft.aulast=Keisalo&rft.aufirst=Marianna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.fi%2Fsuomenantropologi%2Farticle%2Fview%2F63057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouble2014" class="citation book cs1">Double, Oliver (2014) [2005]. "Licence". <i>Getting the Joke: the inner workings of stand-up comedy</i>. Quote by <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Lee" title="Stewart Lee">Stewart Lee</a> (2nd ed.). New York: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama. p. 264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-7460-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-7460-9"><bdi>978-1-4081-7460-9</bdi></a>. <q>According to Stewart Lee, 'By reversing the norms and breaking the taboos, the clowns show us what we have to lose, and what we might also stand to gain, if we stand outside the restrictions of social convention and polite everyday discourse.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Licence&rft.btitle=Getting+the+Joke%3A+the+inner+workings+of+stand-up+comedy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=264&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Methuen+Drama&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4081-7460-9&rft.aulast=Double&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bala2010-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bala2010_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bala2010_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBala2010" class="citation journal cs1">Bala, Michael (Winter 2010). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trickster%27s+Way&rft.atitle=Coulrophobia+and+the+Trickster&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2004-11-15&rft.issn=1538-9030&rft.aulast=Durwin&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.trinity.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1080%26context%3Dtrickstersway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurwin" class="citation web cs1">Durwin, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624001158/http://www.trinity.edu/org/tricksters/trixway/current/Vol%203/Vol3_1/Durwin.htm">"Coulrophobia and the Trickster"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coulrophobia+and+the+Trickster&rft.pub=Trinity.edu&rft.aulast=Durwin&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trinity.edu%2Forg%2Ftricksters%2Ftrixway%2Fcurrent%2FVol%25203%2FVol3_1%2FDurwin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrosswell2009" class="citation cs2">Crosswell, Julia (2009), <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199547920.001.0001/acref-9780199547920-e-1047">"clown"</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199547920.001.0001/acref-9780199547920"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins</i></a> (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954792-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954792-0"><bdi>978-0-19-954792-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=clown&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Word+Origins&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954792-0&rft.aulast=Crosswell&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199547920.001.0001%2Facref-9780199547920-e-1047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchechter2003" class="citation book cs1">Schechter, Joel (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=avG5rDz3ENUC&pg=PA139"><i>Popular Theatre: A Sourcebook</i></a>. Worlds of performance. Routledge. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415258302" title="Special:BookSources/9780415258302"><bdi>9780415258302</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2002026941">2002026941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Theatre%3A+A+Sourcebook&rft.series=Worlds+of+performance&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2002026941&rft.isbn=9780415258302&rft.aulast=Schechter&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DavG5rDz3ENUC%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>World Book</i> (72nd ed.). Chicago: World Book. 2022. p. 712. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780716601227" title="Special:BookSources/9780716601227"><bdi>9780716601227</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Book&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=712&rft.edition=72nd&rft.pub=World+Book&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9780716601227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBertonSimard2007" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berton, Danièle; Simard, Jean-Pierre (2007), <i>Création théâtrale: Adaptation, schèmes, traduction</i> (in French)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cr%C3%A9ation+th%C3%A9%C3%A2trale%3A+Adaptation%2C+sch%C3%A8mes%2C+traduction&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Berton&rft.aufirst=Dani%C3%A8le&rft.au=Simard%2C+Jean-Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q7FLWMA8MiAC&pg=PA330">p. 330</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCoy2010" class="citation web cs1">McCoy, Tiffany (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151026152528/http://new.4-hcurriculum.org/projects/theatre/TheatreArts/Clowning/Clown%20Types.html">"Clown Types"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.4-hcurriculum.org/projects/theatre/TheatreArts/Clowning/Clown%20Types.html">the original</a> on 2015-10-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clown+Types&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=McCoy&rft.aufirst=Tiffany&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnew.4-hcurriculum.org%2Fprojects%2Ftheatre%2FTheatreArts%2FClowning%2FClown%2520Types.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MCS117-118-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MCS117-118_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MCS117-118_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConnell_Stott2009">McConnell Stott 2009</a>, pp. 117–118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clownsinternational.com/">"The Oldest Organisation To Support The Art Of Clowning Since 1947"</a>. Clowns International. 2022-03-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Oldest+Organisation+To+Support+The+Art+Of+Clowning+Since+1947&rft.pub=Clowns+International&rft.date=2022-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clownsinternational.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-simplycircus.com-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-simplycircus.com_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313202950/http://simplycircus.com/circus_dictionary/clowning_framework">"Clowning Framework"</a>. <i>simplycircus.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.simplycircus.com/Circus_Dictionary/Clowning_Framework">the original</a> on March 13, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=simplycircus.com&rft.atitle=Clowning+Framework&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.simplycircus.com%2FCircus_Dictionary%2FClowning_Framework&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger1997" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ludwig_Berger" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Ludwig Berger">Berger, Peter L.</a> (1997), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/redeeminglaughte0000berg"><i>Redeeming Laughter: The Comic Dimension of Human Experience</i></a></span>, Walter de Gruyter, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-015562-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-015562-1"><bdi>3-11-015562-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Redeeming+Laughter%3A+The+Comic+Dimension+of+Human+Experience&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=3-11-015562-1&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Peter+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fredeeminglaughte0000berg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallery2001" class="citation cs2">Callery, Dymphna (2001), <i>Through the Body: A Practical Guide to Physical Theatre</i>, Nick Hern Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85459-630-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85459-630-6"><bdi>1-85459-630-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+the+Body%3A+A+Practical+Guide+to+Physical+Theatre&rft.pub=Nick+Hern+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-85459-630-6&rft.aulast=Callery&rft.aufirst=Dymphna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcConnell_Stott2009" class="citation book cs1">McConnell Stott, Andrew (2009). <i>The Pantomime Life of Joseph Grimaldi</i>. Edinburgh: Canongate Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84767-761-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84767-761-7"><bdi>978-1-84767-761-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pantomime+Life+of+Joseph+Grimaldi&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Canongate+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84767-761-7&rft.aulast=McConnell+Stott&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeville1980" class="citation book cs1">Neville, Giles (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/incidentsinlifeo0000nevi"><i>Incidents In the Life of Joseph Grimaldi</i></a>. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-224-01869-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-224-01869-8"><bdi>0-224-01869-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Incidents+In+the+Life+of+Joseph+Grimaldi&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape+Ltd&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-224-01869-8&rft.aulast=Neville&rft.aufirst=Giles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fincidentsinlifeo0000nevi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClown" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://famousclowns.org/famous-clowns/clown-quotes-famous-sayings-clowns/">Quotes by and about Clowns</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/23671">Collection: "Clowns"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106141458/https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/23671">Archived</a> 2020-11-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Museum_of_Art" title="University of Michigan Museum of Art">University of Michigan Museum of Art</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Clowns" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Clowns">Clowns</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Clowns" class="extiw" title="q:Clowns">Clowns</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Clowns" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clowns" title="Template:Clowns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clowns" title="Template talk:Clowns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clowns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clowns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clowns" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clowns</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_clowns" title="List of clowns">List of clowns</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_jesters" title="List of jesters">List of jesters</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackface" title="Blackface">Blackface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffon" title="Bouffon">Bouffon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chou_role" title="Chou role">Chou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_clown" title="Circus clown">Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_clown" title="Evil clown">Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyoka" title="Heyoka">Heyoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jester" title="Jester">Jester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mime_artist" title="Mime artist">Mime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_clown" title="Pueblo clown">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodeo_clown" title="Rodeo clown">Rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaramouche" title="Scaramouche">Scaramouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silly_Billy" title="Silly Billy">Silly Billy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skomorokh" title="Skomorokh">Skomorokh</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clown_chili_peppers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Clown_chili_peppers.jpg/70px-Clown_chili_peppers.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Clown_chili_peppers.jpg/105px-Clown_chili_peppers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Clown_chili_peppers.jpg/140px-Clown_chili_peppers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Clown_Association" title="World Clown Association">World Clown Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_Conservatory" title="Clown Conservatory">Clown Conservatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clowns_of_America_International" title="Clowns of America International">Clowns of America International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Festival_of_Clowns_in_Yekaterinburg" title="The World Festival of Clowns in Yekaterinburg">The World Festival of Clowns in Yekaterinburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loldiers_of_Odin" title="Loldiers of Odin">Loldiers of Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clandestine_Insurgent_Rebel_Clown_Army" title="Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army">Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_clown_sightings" title="2016 clown sightings">2016 clown sightings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_alley" title="Clown alley">Clown alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_bicycle" title="Clown bicycle">Clown bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_car" title="Clown car">Clown car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_Care" title="Clown Care">Clown Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_society" title="Clown society">Clown society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulrophilia" title="Coulrophilia">Coulrophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggalo" title="Juggalo">Juggalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motley" title="Motley">Motley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Clowns" title="Category:Clowns">Category</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Humor_and_wit_characters" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Humor_and_wit_characters" title="Template:Humor and wit characters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Humor_and_wit_characters" title="Template talk:Humor and wit characters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Humor_and_wit_characters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Humor and wit characters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Humor_and_wit_characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Humor and wit characters</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakor_Patel" title="Bakor Patel">Bakor Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birbal" title="Birbal">Birbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonu_Jha" title="Gonu Jha">Gonu Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Bhar" title="Gopal Bhar">Gopal Bhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal_Bahadur_Gurung" title="Dal Bahadur Gurung">Hum Jayega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miya_Fuski" title="Miya Fuski">Miya Fuski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_Do-Piyaza" title="Mulla Do-Piyaza">Mulla Do-Piyaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenali_Rama" title="Tenali Rama">Tenali Rama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romanian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bul%C4%83" title="Bulă">Bulă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilibi_Moise" title="Cilibi Moise">Cilibi Moise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%83nil%C4%83_Prepeleac" title="Dănilă Prepeleac">Dănilă Prepeleac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Turbinc%C4%83" title="Ivan Turbincă">Ivan Turbincă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitic%C4%83" title="Mitică">Mitică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%83cal%C4%83" title="Păcală">Păcală</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abed" title="Abu Abed">Abu Abed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuf%C3%A0" title="Giufà">Giufà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanswurst" title="Hanswurst">Hanswurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hershel_of_Ostropol" title="Hershel of Ostropol">Hershel of Ostropol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitar_Petar" title="Hitar Petar">Hitar Petar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ncili_%C3%87avu%C5%9F" title="İncili Çavuş">İncili Çavuş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Soldier_%C5%A0vejk" title="The Good Soldier Švejk">Josef Švejk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lange_Wapper" title="Lange Wapper">Lange Wapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasreddin" title="Nasreddin">Nasreddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onufry_Zag%C5%82oba" title="Onufry Zagłoba">Onufry Zagłoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Urdemales" title="Pedro Urdemales">Pedro Urdemales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickelhering" title="Pickelhering">Pickelhering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Till_Eulenspiegel" title="Till Eulenspiegel">Till Eulenspiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonderful_Fool" title="Wonderful Fool">Wonderful Fool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jester" title="Jester">Jester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_fool" title="Shakespearean fool">Shakespearean fool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wise_fool" title="Wise fool">Wise fool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stock_characters" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stock_characters" title="Template:Stock characters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stock_characters" title="Template talk:Stock characters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stock_characters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stock characters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stock_characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">Stock characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_characters" title="List of stock characters">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">Archetype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_ethics_and_morality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By ethics and morality</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Classic hero</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_hero" title="Action hero">Action hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_figure" title="Christ figure">Christ figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chosen_One_(trope)" title="The Chosen One (trope)">Chosen One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman" title="Everyman">Everyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">Folk hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight-errant" title="Knight-errant">Knight-errant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_hero" title="Legacy hero">Legacy hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythological_king" title="Mythological king">Mythological king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paladin" title="Paladin">Paladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngest_son" title="Youngest son">Youngest son</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">Antihero</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_alone" title="Man alone">Man alone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_hero" title="Tragic hero">Tragic hero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberhero" title="Cyberhero">Cyberhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_soldier" title="Super soldier">Super soldier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_marine" title="Space marine">Space marine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rogue_literature" title="Rogue literature">Rogues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lovable_rogue" title="Lovable rogue">Lovable rogue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_detective" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentleman detective">Gentleman detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_(hero)" title="Jack (hero)">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickster" title="Trickster">Trickster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tricky_slave" title="Tricky slave">Tricky slave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanni" title="Zanni">Zanni</a> (servants, clowns: <a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brighella" title="Brighella">Brighella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scapino" title="Scapino">Scapino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulcinella" title="Pulcinella">Pulcinella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(stock_character)" title="Outlaw (stock character)">Outlaw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bad_boy_archetype" title="Bad boy archetype">Bad boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirates in popular culture">Pirate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pirate" title="Air pirate">Air pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_pirate" title="Space pirate">Space pirate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_cop/bad_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Good cop/bad cop">Good cop/bad cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rake_(stock_character)" title="Rake (stock character)">Rake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">Villains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Villain#Sympathetic_villain" title="Villain">Antivillains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_hero" title="False hero">False hero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">The <a href="/wiki/Mole_(espionage)" title="Mole (espionage)">mole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_agent" title="Double agent">Double agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_twin" title="Evil twin">Evil twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Darwinist">Social Darwinist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_lord" title="Dark lord">Dark lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_scientist" title="Mad scientist">Mad scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervillain" title="Supervillain">Supervillain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">Monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bug-eyed_monster" title="Bug-eyed monster">Bug-eyed monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_clown" title="Evil clown">Evil clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_toy" title="Killer toy">Killer toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_girl" title="Monster girl">Monster girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(undead)" title="Skeleton (undead)">Skeleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slime_(monster)" title="Slime (monster)">Slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_swamp_monsters" title="List of swamp monsters">Swamp monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampires_in_popular_culture" title="Vampires in popular culture">Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_zombies" title="Nazi zombies">Nazi zombies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alazon" title="Alazon">Alazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archenemy" title="Archenemy">Archenemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_devil" title="Folk devil">Folk devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_(character)" title="Igor (character)">Igor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masked_villain" title="Masked villain">Masked villain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miser" title="Miser">Miser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecchio" title="Vecchio">Vecchio</a> (wealthy old men, <a href="/wiki/Pantalone" title="Pantalone">Pantalone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Il_Dottore" title="Il Dottore">Il Dottore</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Capitano" title="Il Capitano">Il Capitano</a> (self styled captain, braggart)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_sex_and_gender" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By sex and gender</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feminine" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminine">Feminine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Love interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bish%C5%8Djo" title="Bishōjo">Bishōjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blonde_stereotype" title="Blonde stereotype">Blonde stereotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_daughter" title="Farmer's daughter">Farmer's daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_next_door" title="Girl next door">Girl next door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooker_with_a_heart_of_gold" title="Hooker with a heart of gold">Hooker with a heart of gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nue" title="Ingénue">Ingénue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loosu_ponnu" title="Loosu ponnu">Loosu ponnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girlfriend" title="Magical girlfriend">Magical girlfriend</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catgirl" title="Catgirl">Catgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_girl" title="Monster girl">Monster girl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manic_Pixie_Dream_Girl" title="Manic Pixie Dream Girl">Manic Pixie Dream Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vixen_(stock_character)" title="Vixen (stock character)">Vixen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hag" title="Hag">Hag</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_lady" title="Cat lady">Cat lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crone" title="Crone">Crone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_godmother" title="Fairy godmother">Fairy godmother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ruffiana" title="La Ruffiana">La Ruffiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loathly_lady" title="Loathly lady">Loathly lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hawksian_woman" title="Hawksian woman">Hawksian woman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Lady" title="Dragon Lady">Dragon Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femme_fatale" title="Femme fatale">Femme fatale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsundere" title="Tsundere">Tsundere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture" title="Women warriors in literature and culture">Woman warrior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_girl" title="Jungle girl">Jungle girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virago" title="Virago">Virago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_bee_(sociology)" title="Queen bee (sociology)">Queen bee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princesse_lointaine" title="Princesse lointaine">Princesse lointaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_belle" title="Southern belle">Southern belle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_girl" title="Valley girl">Valley girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_nadeshiko" title="Yamato nadeshiko">Yamato nadeshiko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_stereotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT stereotypes">LGBT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Class_S_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class S (genre)">Class S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotong" title="Laotong">Laotong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lady-in-waiting" title="Lady-in-waiting">Lady-in-waiting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbina" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbina">Columbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammy_stereotype" title="Mammy stereotype">Mammy stereotype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geek_girl" title="Geek girl">Geek girl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamer_girl" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamer girl">Gamer girl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Damsel_in_distress" title="Damsel in distress">Damsel in distress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_girl" title="Final girl">Final girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_and_dragon" title="Princess and dragon">Princess and dragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Masculine" class="mw-redirect" title="Masculine">Masculine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaramouche" title="Scaramouche">Scaramouche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Father_figure" title="Father figure">Father figure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wise_old_man" title="Wise old man">Wise old man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elderly_martial_arts_master" title="Elderly martial arts master">Elderly martial arts master</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Young</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_mappillai" title="American mappillai">American mappillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himbo" title="Himbo">Himbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Fool" title="Ivan the Fool">Ivan the Fool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_(hero)" title="Jack (hero)">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_(stereotype)" title="Jock (stereotype)">Jock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Johnny" title="Little Johnny">Little Johnny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_guy" title="Nice guy">Nice guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_Jewish_boy_stereotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Nice Jewish boy stereotype">Nice Jewish boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfluous_man" title="Superfluous man">Superfluous man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charming" title="Prince Charming">Prince Charming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bish%C5%8Dnen" title="Bishōnen">Bishōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight-errant" title="Knight-errant">Knight-errant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Primitive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feral_child" title="Feral child">Feral child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_savage" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble savage">Noble savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caveman" title="Caveman">Caveman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_man" title="Mountain man">Mountain man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_stereotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT stereotypes">LGBT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi#Seme_and_uke" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Seme and uke</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Otokonoko" title="Otokonoko">Otokonoko</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bad_boy_archetype" title="Bad boy archetype">Bad boy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pachuco" title="Pachuco">Pachuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_knight" title="Black knight">Black knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Others" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Others</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_clique" title="Adolescent clique">Adolescent clique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">Barbarian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonslayer" title="Dragonslayer">Dragonslayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_(fairy_tale)" title="Donor (fairy tale)">Donor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fool_(stock_character)" title="Fool (stock character)">Fool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_formation" title="Identity formation">Identity formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_friend" title="Imaginary friend">Imaginary friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innamorati" title="Innamorati">Innamorati</a> ("The Lovers")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men" title="Little green men">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_Negro" title="Magical Negro">Magical Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_people_(fiction)" title="Mole people (fiction)">Mole people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_icon" title="Pop icon">Pop icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshirt_(stock_character)" title="Redshirt (stock character)">Redshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_angel" title="Shoulder angel">Shoulder angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidekick" title="Sidekick">Sidekick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_man" title="Straight man">Straight man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokenism" title="Tokenism">Tokenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_drunk" title="Town drunk">Town drunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_mulatto" title="Tragic mulatto">Tragic mulatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck-kun" title="Truck-kun">Truck-kun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_idiot" title="Village idiot">Village idiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_savior_narrative_in_film" title="White savior narrative in film">White savior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Circus_skills" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Circus_skills" title="Template:Circus skills"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Circus_skills" title="Template talk:Circus skills"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Circus_skills" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Circus skills"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Circus_skills" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_circus_skills" title="List of circus skills">Circus skills</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acrobatics" title="Acrobatics">Acrobatics</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Balance_(ability)" title="Balance (ability)">balance</a>, and<br /><a href="/wiki/Contortion" title="Contortion">contortion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrobalance" title="Acrobalance">Acrobalance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adagio_(acrobatics)" title="Adagio (acrobatics)">Adagio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_hoop" title="Aerial hoop">Aerial hoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_silk" title="Aerial silk">Aerial silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_straps" title="Aerial straps">Aerial straps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_board" title="Balance board">Balance board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chair_acrobatics" title="Chair acrobatics">Chair acrobatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_pole" title="Chinese pole">Chinese pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_swing" title="Cloud swing">Cloud swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contortion" title="Contortion">Contortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corde_lisse" title="Corde lisse">Corde lisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradle_(circus_act)" title="Cradle (circus act)">Cradle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyr_wheel" title="Cyr wheel">Cyr wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_hang" title="Hair hang">Hair hang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_to_hand_acrobatics" title="Hand to hand acrobatics">Hand to hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_pyramid" title="Human pyramid">Human pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perch_(equilibristic)" title="Perch (equilibristic)">Perch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risley_(circus_act)" title="Risley (circus act)">Risley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_globe" title="Rolling globe">Rolling globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_ladders" title="Roman ladders">Roman ladders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_bar" title="Russian bar">Russian bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_swing" title="Russian swing">Russian swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slacklining" title="Slacklining">Slacklining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slackwire" title="Slackwire">Slackwire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_web" title="Spanish web">Spanish web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tightrope_walking" title="Tightrope walking">Tightrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapeze" title="Trapeze">Trapeze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flying_trapeze" title="Flying trapeze">Flying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Static_trapeze" title="Static trapeze">Static</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_riding" title="Trick riding">Trick riding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Juggling" title="Juggling">Juggling</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Object_manipulation" title="Object manipulation">object<br />manipulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullwhip" title="Bullwhip">Bullwhip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cigar_box_(juggling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cigar box (juggling)">Cigar box manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_juggling" title="Contact juggling">Contact juggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabolo" title="Diabolo">Diabolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat_manipulation" title="Hat manipulation">Hat manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twirling" title="Twirling">Twirling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baton_twirling" title="Baton twirling">Baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooping" title="Hooping">Hoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_spinning" title="Plate spinning">Plate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_performance" title="Fire performance">Fire performance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_breathing_(circus_act)" title="Fire breathing (circus act)">Fire breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_eating" title="Fire eating">Fire eating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewalking" title="Firewalking">Firewalking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toss_juggling" title="Toss juggling">Toss juggling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">Vaulting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_vaulting" title="Equestrian vaulting">Equestrian vaulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_cannonball" title="Human cannonball">Human cannonball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeterboard" title="Teeterboard">Teeterboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trampoline" title="Trampoline">Trampoline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_training" title="Animal training">Animal trainer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lion_taming" title="Lion taming">Lion taming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circus_clown" title="Circus clown">Circus clown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_of_death" title="Globe of death">Globe of death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_firecracker" class="mw-redirect" title="Human firecracker">Human firecracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppeteer" title="Puppeteer">Puppeteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringmaster_(circus)" title="Ringmaster (circus)">Ringmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strongman_(strength_athlete)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strongman (strength athlete)">Strongman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Target_girl" title="Target girl">Target girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_Death_(Space_Wheel)" title="Wheel of Death (Space Wheel)">Wheel of Death</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carny" title="Carny">Carny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_school" title="Circus school">Circus school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roustabout" title="Roustabout">Roustabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showman" title="Showman">Showman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideshow" title="Sideshow">Sideshow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flea_circus" title="Flea circus">Flea circus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Circuses" title="Category:Circuses">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Circus" class="extiw" title="c:Circus">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Comedy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Comedy_footer" title="Template:Comedy footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Comedy_footer" title="Template talk:Comedy footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Comedy_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Comedy footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Comedy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">Comedy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedian" title="Comedian">Comedian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedic_device" title="Comedic device">Comedic device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_festival" title="Comedy festival">Comedy festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_troupe" title="Comedy troupe">Comedy troupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_timing" title="Comic timing">Comic timing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farce" title="Farce">Farce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humorist" title="Humorist">Humorist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humour" title="Humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impersonator" title="Impersonator">Impersonator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionist_(entertainment)" title="Impressionist (entertainment)">Impressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">Irony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke" title="Joke">Joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prank_call" title="Prank call">Prank call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_line" title="Punch line">Punch line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_gag" title="Visual gag">Visual gag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wit" title="Wit">Wit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_play" title="Word play">Word play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_comedy_films" title="American comedy films">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_comedy_films" title="British comedy films">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_comedy_films" title="French comedy films">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Italian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comedy_(drama)" title="Comedy (drama)">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_comedy" title="Ancient Greek comedy">Ancient Greek comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Italienne" title="Comédie-Italienne">Comédie-Italienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corral_de_comedias" title="Corral de comedias">Corral de comedias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Rome" title="Theatre of ancient Rome">Theatre of ancient Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_comedy" title="Chinese comedy">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangsheng" title="Xiangsheng">Xiangsheng</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hong Kong <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenong" title="Lenong">Lenong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludruk" title="Ludruk">Ludruk</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dgen" title="Kyōgen">Kyōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzai" title="Manzai">Manzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owarai" title="Owarai">Owarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakugo" title="Rakugo">Rakugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarugaku" title="Sarugaku">Sarugaku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_comedy" title="Korean comedy">Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_theatre_(aesthetic)" title="Boulevard theatre (aesthetic)">Boulevard theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Comedy drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_humours" title="Comedy of humours">Comedy of humours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_manners" title="Comedy of manners">Comedy of manners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_menace" title="Comedy of menace">Comedy of menace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_act" title="Double act">Double act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvisational_theatre" title="Improvisational theatre">Improvisational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macchietta" title="Macchietta">Macchietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-person_show" class="mw-redirect" title="One-person show">One-person show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantomime" title="Pantomime">Pantomime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harlequinade" title="Harlequinade">Harlequinade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_comedy" title="Restoration comedy">Restoration comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentimental_comedy" title="Sentimental comedy">Sentimental comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die_larmoyante" title="Comédie larmoyante">Comédie larmoyante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_play" title="Shadow play">Shadow play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_comedy" title="Shakespearean comedy">Shakespearean comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">Sketch comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spex_(theatre)" title="Spex (theatre)">Spex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">Stand-up comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_theatre" title="Street theatre">Street theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Absurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of the Absurd">Theatre of the Absurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragicomedy" title="Tragicomedy">Tragicomedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">Vaudeville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Music<br />and dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballad_opera" title="Ballad opera">Ballad opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">Cabaret</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9-chantant" title="Café-chantant">Café-chantant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9-th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre" title="Café-théâtre">Café-théâtre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-ballet" title="Comédie-ballet">Comédie-ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_club" title="Comedy club">Comedy club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_music" title="Light music">Light music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">Music hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">Musical theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_bouffe" title="Opéra bouffe">Opéra bouffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_bouffon" title="Opéra bouffon">Opéra bouffon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">Opera buffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_comique" title="Opéra comique">Opéra comique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">Revue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_music" title="Comedy music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_album" title="Comedy album">Album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_hip_hop" title="Comedy hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_music" title="Parody music">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_comedians" title="List of musical comedians">Musical comedians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_novel" title="Comic novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_comedy" title="Radio comedy">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_comedy" title="Television comedy">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_(comedy)" title="Roast (comedy)">Roast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitcom" title="Sitcom">Sitcom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_sitcom" title="Animated sitcom">Animated sitcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_sitcom" title="Black sitcom">Black sitcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_sitcom" title="Teen sitcom">Teen sitcom</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comedic_genres" title="Comedic genres">Subgenres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_comedy" title="Alternative comedy">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribaldry" title="Ribaldry">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_comedy" title="Character comedy">Character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_comedy" title="Christian comedy">Christian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cringe_comedy" title="Cringe comedy">Cringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadpan" title="Deadpan">Deadpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_comedy" title="Documentary comedy">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_comedy" title="High comedy">High</a> / <a href="/wiki/Low_comedy" title="Low comedy">low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insult_comedy" title="Insult comedy">Insult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observational_comedy" title="Observational comedy">Observational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_comedy" title="Physical comedy">Physical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prop_comedy" title="Prop comedy">Prop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-referential_humor" title="Self-referential humor">Self-referential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_humour" title="Shock humour">Shock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_comedy" title="Sick comedy">Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick" title="Slapstick">Slapstick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_slapstick_comedy_topics" title="List of slapstick comedy topics">Topics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surreal_humour" title="Surreal humour">Surreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventriloquism" title="Ventriloquism">Ventriloquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7358#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7358#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7358#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Clown"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010309-2">Germany</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Clownin"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4836926-3">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85027215">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318806h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318806h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="klauni"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph189271&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="klaunky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1173985&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX526179">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007283916005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10636910">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clown&oldid=1254891121">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clown&oldid=1254891121</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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