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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A" title="التعبد المريمي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التعبد المريمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_%C3%BActa" title="Mariánská úcta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mariánská úcta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marienverehrung" title="Marienverehrung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marienverehrung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devociones_marianas" title="Devociones marianas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Devociones marianas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorio:Kultado_de_Maria" title="Kategorio:Kultado de Maria – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kategorio:Kultado de Maria" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ارادت به مریم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارادت به مریم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devosi_Maria" title="Devosi Maria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Devosi Maria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devotiones_marian" title="Devotiones marian – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Devotiones marian" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sala_kwa_Bikira_Maria" title="Sala kwa Bikira Maria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sala kwa Bikira Maria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ria-tisztelet" title="Mária-tisztelet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mária-tisztelet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghormatan_terhadap_Maria_dalam_Gereja_Katolik" title="Penghormatan terhadap Maria dalam Gereja Katolik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penghormatan terhadap Maria dalam Gereja Katolik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariaverering" title="Mariaverering – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mariaverering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%BF%83%E6%A5%AD" title="聖母マリアへの信心業 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="聖母マリアへの信心業" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9votion_%C3%A0_la_sainte_Vierge" title="Dévotion à la sainte Vierge – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Dévotion à la sainte Vierge" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kult_maryjny" title="Kult maryjny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kult maryjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devo%C3%A7%C3%A3o_mariana" title="Devoção mariana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Devoção mariana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_Prayer" title="Marian Prayer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Marian Prayer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4n_k%C3%ADnh_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Maria" title="Tôn kính Đức Maria – Vietnamese" lang="vi" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Christian religious practices concerning Mary</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_FiveAngels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Madonna_FiveAngels.jpg/240px-Madonna_FiveAngels.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Madonna_FiveAngels.jpg/360px-Madonna_FiveAngels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Madonna_FiveAngels.jpg/480px-Madonna_FiveAngels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1670" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><i>Madonna and Five Angels</i>, <a href="/wiki/Botticelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Botticelli">Botticelli</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1485</span></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:16.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="font-weight:bold;line-height: 1.5em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Mariology" title="Category:Mariology">a series</a> of articles on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vierge_en_oraison_(Il_Sassoferrato).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Vierge_en_oraison_%28Il_Sassoferrato%29.jpg/120px-Vierge_en_oraison_%28Il_Sassoferrato%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Vierge_en_oraison_%28Il_Sassoferrato%29.jpg/180px-Vierge_en_oraison_%28Il_Sassoferrato%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Vierge_en_oraison_%28Il_Sassoferrato%29.jpg/240px-Vierge_en_oraison_%28Il_Sassoferrato%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> General perspective</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Specific views</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Eastern Orthodox</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_views_on_Mary" title="Protestant views on Mary">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Marian_theology" title="Anglican Marian theology">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Mariology" title="Lutheran Mariology">Lutheran</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_views_on_Mary" title="Latter Day Saint views on Mary">Latter-day Saint</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Islamic</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prayers and devotions</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Hail Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymns_to_Mary" title="Hymns to Mary">Hymns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Catholic Marian veneration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_and_entrustment_to_Mary" title="Consecration and entrustment to Mary">Marian consecration</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenical</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_meetings_and_documents_on_Mary" title="Ecumenical meetings and documents on Mary">Ecumenical views</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mariology" title="Template:Mariology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mariology" title="Template talk:Mariology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mariology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mariology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Marian devotions</b> are external pious practices directed to the person of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a>, by members of certain <a href="/wiki/Christian_traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian traditions">Christian traditions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Directory_on_Popular_Piety_and_the_Liturgy''2001_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Directory_on_Popular_Piety_and_the_Liturgy''2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are performed in <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Church_Lutheranism" class="mw-redirect" title="High Church Lutheranism">High Church Lutheranism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a>, but generally rejected in other <a href="/wiki/Christian_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian denominations">Christian denominations</a>. </p><p>Such devotional prayers or may be accompanied by specific requests for Mary's <a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">intercession</a> with <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burke667_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke667-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is significant diversity of form and structure in Marian devotions practiced by different groups of Christians. Orthodox Marian devotions are well-defined and closely linked to liturgy, while Roman Catholic practices are wide-ranging—they include multi-day prayers such as <a href="/wiki/Novena" title="Novena">novenas</a>, the celebration of <a href="/wiki/Canonical_coronation" title="Canonical coronation">canonical coronations</a> granted by the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>, the veneration of <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>, and pious acts which do not involve vocal prayers, such as the wearing of <a href="/wiki/Scapular" title="Scapular">scapulars</a> or maintaining a <a href="/wiki/Mary_garden" title="Mary garden">Mary garden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thurston_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thurston-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marian devotions are important to the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox traditions, as well as some <a href="/wiki/Anglicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans">Anglicans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a>, but most <a href="/wiki/Protestant_views_on_Mary" title="Protestant views on Mary">Protestants</a> do not accept them, because they believe such devotions are not widely promoted in the Bible. They believe this devotion may distract attention from Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to practitioners, devotion to the Virgin Mary does not amount to worship, which is reserved for God. Both the Catholic and Orthodox traditions view Mary as subordinate to Christ, but uniquely so, in that she is seen as above all other creatures. In 787 the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a> affirmed a three-level hierarchy of <i><a href="/wiki/Latria" title="Latria">latria</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hyperdulia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperdulia">hyperdulia</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Dulia_(Latin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulia (Latin)">dulia</a></i> that applies to God, the Virgin Mary, and then to the other <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marian_devotions&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Anglicanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anglican_devotions" title="Anglican devotions">Anglican devotions</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Marian_theology" title="Anglican Marian theology">Anglican Marian theology</a></div> <p>No single church with universal authority exists within the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>; different types of Marian devotions are practiced by various groups of Anglicans with varying degrees of emphasis.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the Anglican Communion and the <a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuing Anglican">Continuing Anglican</a> movement, devotions to the Virgin Mary have more emphasis within <a href="/wiki/High_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="High Church">High Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broad_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad Church">Broad Church</a> parishes than others. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_MaryJesus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_MaryJesus.png/220px-StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_MaryJesus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_MaryJesus.png/330px-StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_MaryJesus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_MaryJesus.png/440px-StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_MaryJesus.png 2x" data-file-width="1688" data-file-height="1688" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a> depiction of <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna and Child">Madonna and Child</a>, St. John's Anglican Church, <a href="/wiki/Ashfield,_New_South_Wales" title="Ashfield, New South Wales">Ashfield, New South Wales</a>, Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>The emphasis placed on Mary and Marian devotions changed over the history of Anglicanism. In the 16th century, following the independence of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> from Rome, a movement away from Marian themes took place; by 1552 mentions of Mary had been reduced to only two or three times a day in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a> but the Marian feasts of the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Purification_of_the_Blessed_Virgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Purification of the Blessed Virgin">Purification</a> had been retained. However, in the 17th century, there was a gradual return to Marianism and by 1662 there were five Marian feasts.<sup id="cite_ref-McLoughlin_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLoughlin-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British devotion to the Virgin Mary has often been expressed in poetry, <a href="/wiki/Hymns_to_Mary" title="Hymns to Mary">Marian hymns</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Carol" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Carol">Carols</a>, e.g., in the 17th-century poems of <a href="/wiki/John_Donne" title="John Donne">John Donne</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert" title="George Herbert">George Herbert</a>, or in the 18th-century works of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ken" title="Thomas Ken">Thomas Ken</a> such as <i>Saint Mary the Virgin</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marian_votive_shrine,_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_(Rosemont,_Pennsylvania).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Marian_votive_shrine%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg/220px-Marian_votive_shrine%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="533" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Marian_votive_shrine%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg/330px-Marian_votive_shrine%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Marian_votive_shrine%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg/440px-Marian_votive_shrine%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="2036" /></a><figcaption>Marian Votive Shrine at the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_(Rosemont,_Pennsylvania)" title="Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania)">Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania)</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Anglican devotion for the Virgin Mary was revived during the 19th century <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholicism</a> and by the activities of prominent figures such as <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">John Henry Newman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British theologians such as <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Faber" title="Frederick William Faber">Father Frederick Faber</a> (who composed several hymns to Mary) took an enthusiastic approach to the promotion of Marian devotions towards the end of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJosemaria2008173–175_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJosemaria2008173–175-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the liturgical renewal of the 20th century, Mary gained new prominence, and in most Anglican prayer books she is mentioned by name in the Eucharistic prayers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Mary:_Grace_and_Hope_in_Christ''200652_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Mary:_Grace_and_Hope_in_Christ''200652-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gradual increase in Marian devotions among Anglicans has also been manifested within the higher levels of the clergy in the Anglican Communion. <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> <a href="/wiki/Rowan_Williams" title="Rowan Williams">Rowan Williams</a> (who made a 2008 pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Our Lady of Lourdes</a>) wrote a book on how to pray with the icons of the Virgin Mary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally2009169_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNally2009169-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anglican devotions to Mary include the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Rosary" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Rosary">Anglican Rosary</a> (similar to the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">rosary</a>), <a href="/wiki/Votive_candles" class="mw-redirect" title="Votive candles">votive candles</a>, and pilgrimages to <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Walsingham" title="Our Lady of Walsingham">Walsingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Lourdes</a>. Some Anglicans, especially <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Catholic">Anglo-Catholics</a>, also pray the rosary itself.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuckworth2004118_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuckworth2004118-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For centuries, Our Lady of Walsingham has been a centerpiece in Anglican devotions to the Virgin Mary and her <a href="/wiki/Marian_feasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian feasts">feast</a> is celebrated on October 15,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a Catholic feast on September 24.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also common in Anglican cathedrals, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Catholic">Anglo-Catholic</a> parishes, and certain Anglican shrines are chapels or side altars dedicated to the Virgin Mary called <a href="/wiki/Lady_chapels" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady chapels">Lady chapels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuckworth2004125–126_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuckworth2004125–126-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Discussions between Roman Catholics and Anglicans within frameworks such as the <a href="/wiki/Anglican%E2%80%94Roman_Catholic_International_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican—Roman Catholic International Commission">Anglican–Roman Catholic International Commission</a>, and with the 2005 publication of the (non-binding) joint statement: <i>Mary: Grace and Hope in Christ</i>, have started a movement towards a closer agreement of Mary and Marian devotions between Catholics and Anglicans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchroedel200681–85_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchroedel200681–85-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Mary:_Grace_and_Hope_in_Christ''20067–10_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Mary:_Grace_and_Hope_in_Christ''20067–10-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marian_devotions&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lutheranism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StPierreJeuneP156.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/StPierreJeuneP156.JPG/220px-StPierreJeuneP156.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/StPierreJeuneP156.JPG/330px-StPierreJeuneP156.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/StPierreJeuneP156.JPG/440px-StPierreJeuneP156.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A statue of Mother Mary in the Lutheran church of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune_Protestant_Church" title="Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Protestant Church">Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune</a>, Strasbourg</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Mariology" title="Lutheran Mariology">Lutheran Mariology</a></div> <p>In his 1521 <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commentary_on_the_Magnificat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commentary on the Magnificat (page does not exist)">Commentary on the Magnificat</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> extolled the magnitude of God's grace towards Mother Mary and her own legacy of Christian instruction and example demonstrated in her canticle of praise.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This canticle continues to have an important place in the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Lutheran Mass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Reformation, on the advice of Martin Luther, Marian paintings and statues continued to adorn many Lutheran Churches.<sup id="cite_ref-Bäumer190_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bäumer190-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pre-Trent version of the <a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Hail Mary</a> (that is, "Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou among women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.") was retained by Martin Luther as a sign of reverence for and devotion to the Blessed Virgin.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1522 <i>Betbüchlein</i> (Prayer Book) retained the Ave Maria.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson2015_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2015-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eastern_Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marian_devotions&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Eastern Orthodoxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Marian_devotions" title="Special:EditPage/Marian devotions">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazan_moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kazan_moscow.jpg/220px-Kazan_moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kazan_moscow.jpg/330px-Kazan_moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kazan_moscow.jpg/440px-Kazan_moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3069" data-file-height="3696" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Kazan" title="Our Lady of Kazan">Our Lady of Kazan</a></i> has been the subject of devotions both in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JP2Kazan_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JP2Kazan-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A deep devotion to the "Aeiparthenos" (i.e., Ever Virgin) Mary is one of the key themes of Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a> and spirituality. Devotion to the Virgin Mary is "taken for granted" in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a>. It permeates the entire life of the Church and historically required no academic development as in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Church">Western Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmemann59_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmemann59-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Orthodox view, devotion to Mary is considered an important element of Christian spirituality, and indifference to her by other Christian denominations is troubling to the Orthodox.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orthodox theologian <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bulgakov" title="Sergei Bulgakov">Sergei Bulgakov</a> called denominations that do not venerate the Virgin Mary "another type of Christianity".<sup id="cite_ref-Bulgakov_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulgakov-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally2009168–169_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNally2009168–169-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a> (i.e., God-bearer, or Mother of God) <a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">title for Mary</a> is very important in Eastern Orthodoxy and is seen as an affirmation of the fullness of <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">God's incarnation</a>. </p><p>The Orthodox approach to Marian devotions is characterized by three elements: </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Orthodox understandings of Mary have for centuries been mostly <a href="/wiki/Doxology" title="Doxology">doxological</a> and devotional rather than academic: they have been expressed in <a href="/wiki/Hymns_to_Mary" title="Hymns to Mary">Marian hymns</a>, liturgical poetry and the veneration of icons, rather than formal treatises. Marian devotions thus form the nucleolus of Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchroedel200690_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchroedel200690-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Devotions to Mary are far more ingrained and integrated within Orthodox liturgy than in any other Christian traditions, e.g., there are many more <a href="/wiki/Hymns_to_Mary" title="Hymns to Mary">hymns to Mary</a> within the Eastern Orthodox yearly cycle of liturgy than in Roman Catholic liturgy.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feasts, icons and hymns are often combined, e.g., the <i><a href="/wiki/Theotokos_Iverskaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Theotokos Iverskaya">Theotokos Iverskaya</a></i> "wonder-working" icon is used on its own feast day, and the Akathistos is sung.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Orthodox focus on Mary as the <a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a> gives more emphasis to devotions that praise Mary's role in the mystery of Incarnation, rather than other devotions, e.g., those that consider her sorrows at Calvary.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmemann59_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmemann59-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devotions to the Theotokos are often combined with the veneration of icons depicting her with the <a href="/wiki/Child_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Child Jesus">Child Jesus</a>. For instance, in the <a href="/wiki/Sunday_of_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday of Orthodoxy">Sunday of Orthodoxy</a> the singing of <a href="/wiki/Hymns_to_Mary" title="Hymns to Mary">Marian hymns</a> and the veneration of icons reaffirm the identity of Mary as the Theotokos.<sup id="cite_ref-Vasilake_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vasilake-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <p>The Eastern Orthodox Church considers Mary to have been elevated by God to the highest status, above all other creatures, though still only a human being. The Orthodox hymn <i><a href="/wiki/Axion_Estin" title="Axion Estin">Axion Estin</a></i> speaks of Mary as being "More honorable than the <a href="/wiki/Cherubim" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherubim">cherubim</a> and more glorious beyond compare than the <a href="/wiki/Seraphim" class="mw-redirect" title="Seraphim">seraphim</a>." Although most Orthodox consider Mary <i>sinless</i>, they do not accept the Roman Catholic definition of the <a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a> of Mary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally2009168–169_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNally2009168–169-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mary is mentioned numerous times in all of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Office">Divine Services</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a>. The final petition of each <a href="/wiki/Ektenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ektenia">ektenia</a> (litany) ends with an invocation of the Virgin Mary. When a series of <a href="/wiki/Troparion" title="Troparion">troparia</a> are chanted, the final one is often a <a href="/wiki/Theotokion" title="Theotokion">Theotokion</a> (hymn to the Virgin Mary). There are numerous <a href="/wiki/Marian_litanies" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian litanies">Marian litanies</a> in the Eastern church which may cover a multitude of themes, some dogmatic, others of moral and patriotic character. </p><p>Devotions to icons of the Theotokos (often considered miraculous) are common in Eastern Orthodoxy. Many such icons are considered the protector of a region, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Kazan" title="Our Lady of Kazan">Our Lady of Kazan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Theotokos_Fyodorovskaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Theotokos Fyodorovskaya">Theotokos Fyodorovskaya</a> as the protector of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Volga_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Volga region">Upper Volga region</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Theotokos_of_Tolga" title="Theotokos of Tolga">Theotokos of Tolga</a> as the patroness of <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a>. A number of local (and often ancient) Orthodox Marian devotions also exist around the world, e.g., to the icon of the Theotokos of the <a href="/wiki/Life-giving_Spring" title="Life-giving Spring">Life-giving Spring</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>. </p><p>One of the most important Marian devotions is the <a href="/wiki/Akathist" title="Akathist">Akathist</a> to the Theotokos, which is chanted every year during <a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a>, and is frequently chanted throughout the year as a private devotion. Some people chant the Akathist as part of their <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline" title="Eucharistic discipline">preparation for Holy Communion</a>. A metrical translation of an ancient Orthodox prayer is found in the second verse of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> hymn, <a href="/wiki/Ye_Watchers_and_Ye_Holy_Ones" title="Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones">Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marian_devotions&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Catholicism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_devotions" title="Catholic devotions">Catholic devotions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ostrabrama-prayer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ostrabrama-prayer.jpg/240px-Ostrabrama-prayer.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ostrabrama-prayer.jpg/360px-Ostrabrama-prayer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ostrabrama-prayer.jpg/480px-Ostrabrama-prayer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Praying before<i> <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Gate_of_Dawn" title="Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn">Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the popular level, for centuries books such as <i><a href="/wiki/True_Devotion_to_Mary" title="True Devotion to Mary">True Devotion to Mary</a></i> have built a ground swell of Marian devotions among Catholics, to the point that tens of millions of pilgrims visit Marian shrines every year.<sup id="cite_ref-zenitewtn_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zenitewtn-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statue of our <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Zapopan" title="Basilica of Our Lady of Zapopan">Our Lady of Zapopan</a> attracts over one million pilgrims on 12 October each year as the statue travels through the streets moving from one cathedral to another.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marian devotions can take a unifying national dimension, e.g., devotion to <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe">Our Lady of Guadalupe</a> is a national symbol in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, and in 1979 Pope John Paul II placed Mexico under her protection.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, national devotions to <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_%C5%A0iluva" title="Our Lady of Šiluva">Our Lady of Šiluva</a> resulted in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> being formally <a href="/wiki/Consecration_and_entrustment_to_Mary" title="Consecration and entrustment to Mary">consecrated to Mary</a> by Cardinal Sladkevicius and the Chairman of the Lithuanian Parliament, in September 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-daytonSiluva_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daytonSiluva-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marian devotions are also associated with a number of beliefs among Catholics which have not been dogmatically approved by the Church, but have been asserted by saints and theologians. An example is the belief that devotion to Mary is a sign of <a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">predestination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally2009144–147_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNally2009144–147-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saint <a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a> in the 12th century, Saint <a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a> in the 13th century, and Saint <a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Ligouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonsus Ligouri">Alphonsus Ligouri</a> in the 18th century affirmed this belief, and 20th century theologian <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Garrigou-Lagrange" class="mw-redirect" title="Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange">Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange</a>, who taught Pope John Paul II, supported it with modern theological arguments regarding the "signs of predestination."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJosemaria2008401–403_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJosemaria2008401–403-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a century of growing emphasis on Marian devotions, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> (1962–1965), in <i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum Concilium</a></i>, #13, sought to give guidance on the place of devotion to Mary in Christian piety:<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Devotions should be so drawn up that they harmonize with the liturgical seasons, accord with the sacred liturgy, are in some fashion derived from it, and lead the people to it, since, in fact, the liturgy by its very nature far surpasses any of them.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_devotions">Types of devotions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marian_devotions&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Types of devotions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marian devotions among Roman Catholics are varied and have diverse cultural dimensions. While there are many well-known devotions, there are many small, local and regional devotions. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Grand_Marian_Procession,_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/2012_Grand_Marian_Procession%2C_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg/220px-2012_Grand_Marian_Procession%2C_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/2012_Grand_Marian_Procession%2C_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg/330px-2012_Grand_Marian_Procession%2C_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/2012_Grand_Marian_Procession%2C_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg/440px-2012_Grand_Marian_Procession%2C_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Annual Grand Marian Procession through Downtown Los Angeles</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Examples">Examples</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marian_devotions&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some devotions relate to particular episodes in the life of the Virgin Mary, such as the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows" title="Our Lady of Sorrows">Seven Sorrows of Mary</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Joys_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Joys of Mary">Seven Joys of Mary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have developed from purported apparitions such as <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Hens" title="Our Lady of the Hens">Our Lady of the Hens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe">Our Lady of Guadalupe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Our Lady of Lourdes</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Fatima" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Fatima">Our Lady of Fatima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various icons, images and statues of the Virgin have been associated with reports of miraculous events such as healings and have resulted in local and national devotions and the construction of Marian shrines. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Black_Madonna_of_Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Black Madonna of Częstochowa">Black Madonna of Częstochowa</a> in Poland, and <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Gate_of_Dawn" title="Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn">Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn</a> in Lithuania. Among devotional articles, probably the most common are the <a href="/wiki/Brown_Scapular" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Scapular">scapular</a> of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Our Lady of Mount Carmel">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the icon of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Hens" title="Our Lady of the Hens">Our Lady of the Hens</a> and the "<a href="/wiki/Miraculous_Medal" title="Miraculous Medal">Miraculous Medal</a>". Its origins go back to 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regional devotions continue to generate local support such as festivals and celebrations. The <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Hens" title="Feast of Our Lady of the Hens">feast of Our Lady of the Hens</a> and the festival of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Solitude_of_Porta_Vaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga">Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga</a> in the Philippines have been celebrated for centuries, and their icons continue to be venerated.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each year around <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>, as part of a local Marian devotion, about a million people attend the <i><a href="/wiki/Romer%C3%ADa_de_El_Roc%C3%ADo" title="Romería de El Rocío">Romería de El Rocío</a></i> in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many other forms of devotional expression take place. For example, there has also been the long-established practice of dedicating side altars in Catholic churches, often called <a href="/wiki/Lady_Chapels" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Chapels">Lady Chapels</a>, to Mary.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgen_de_guadalupe1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe Mexico"><img alt="Our Lady of Guadalupe Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Virgen_de_guadalupe1.jpg/77px-Virgen_de_guadalupe1.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Virgen_de_guadalupe1.jpg/116px-Virgen_de_guadalupe1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Virgen_de_guadalupe1.jpg/154px-Virgen_de_guadalupe1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1226" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Our Lady of Guadalupe Mexico</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgilio_Tojetti_1877_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Notre Dame de Lourdes France"><img alt="Notre Dame de Lourdes France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Virgilio_Tojetti_1877_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes.jpg/103px-Virgilio_Tojetti_1877_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Virgilio_Tojetti_1877_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes.jpg/155px-Virgilio_Tojetti_1877_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Virgilio_Tojetti_1877_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes.jpg/206px-Virgilio_Tojetti_1877_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Notre Dame de Lourdes France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fatima_(3_%E2%80%93_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of Fátima Portugal"><img alt="Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of Fátima Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Fatima_%283_%E2%80%93_cropped%29.jpg/68px-Fatima_%283_%E2%80%93_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Fatima_%283_%E2%80%93_cropped%29.jpg/101px-Fatima_%283_%E2%80%93_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Fatima_%283_%E2%80%93_cropped%29.jpg/135px-Fatima_%283_%E2%80%93_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1970" data-file-height="3487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of Fátima Portugal </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_Fatima.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_Fatima.svg/113px-Coat_of_Arms_Fatima.svg.png" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_Fatima.svg/170px-Coat_of_Arms_Fatima.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_Fatima.svg/226px-Coat_of_Arms_Fatima.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="439" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marian_devotions&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/48px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/64px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_and_entrustment_to_Mary" title="Consecration and entrustment to Mary">Consecration and entrustment to Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Mary in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procession#Christian_processions" title="Procession">Procession § Christian processions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/With_God/Devotions_to_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="extiw" title="s:With God/Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary">Devotions in Honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a>, from <i>With God: A Book of Prayers and Reflections</i> by Rev. F. X. Lasance, 1911</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marian_devotions&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Directory_on_Popular_Piety_and_the_Liturgy''2001-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Directory_on_Popular_Piety_and_the_Liturgy''2001_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDirectory_on_Popular_Piety_and_the_Liturgy2001"><i>Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy</i> 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarmion2006" class="citation book cs1">Marmion, Columba (2006). <i>Christ, the Ideal of the Priest</i>. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85244-657-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85244-657-8"><bdi>0-85244-657-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christ%2C+the+Ideal+of+the+Priest&rft.pages=332&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-85244-657-8&rft.aulast=Marmion&rft.aufirst=Columba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burke667-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burke667_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke2008" class="citation book cs1">Burke, Raymond L. (2008). <i>Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons</i>. pp. 667–679. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57918-355-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57918-355-4"><bdi>978-1-57918-355-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mariology%3A+A+Guide+for+Priests%2C+Deacons%2C+Seminarians%2C+and+Consecrated+Persons&rft.pages=667-679&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-57918-355-4&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Raymond+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thurston-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thurston_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12275b.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia: Popular Devotions"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia%3A+Popular+Devotions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F12275b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillerbrand2003" class="citation book cs1">Hillerbrand, Hans Joachim (2003). <i>Encyclopedia of Protestantism, Volume 3</i>. p. 1174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-92472-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-92472-3"><bdi>0-415-92472-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Protestantism%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=1174&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-415-92472-3&rft.aulast=Hillerbrand&rft.aufirst=Hans+Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2009" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Philip (2009). <i>The History of the Christian Church</i>. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-150-72245-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-150-72245-5"><bdi>978-1-150-72245-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pages=288&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-150-72245-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrigilioBrighenti2007" class="citation book cs1">Trigilio, John; Brighenti, Kenneth (2007). <i>The Catholicism Answer Book</i>. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4022-0806-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4022-0806-5"><bdi>978-1-4022-0806-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catholicism+Answer+Book&rft.pages=58&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4022-0806-5&rft.aulast=Trigilio&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Brighenti%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Milton, Anthony <i>Catholic and Reformed</i> 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89329-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-89329-1">0-521-89329-1</a> page 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLoughlin-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McLoughlin_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McLoughlin, William. <i>Mary for Time and Eternity</i>, Jill Pinnock 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85244-651-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85244-651-9">0-85244-651-9</a> pp. 4-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tavard, George Henry. <i>The thousand faces of the Virgin Mary</i>, 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-5914-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-5914-4">0-8146-5914-4</a> pp. 153-161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Ken1868" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Ken (1868). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/christianyearor00kengoog"><i>Christian Year: Or, Hymns and Poems for the Holy Days and Festivals of the Church</i></a>. Harvard University. Pickering.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Year%3A+Or%2C+Hymns+and+Poems+for+the+Holy+Days+and+Festivals+of+the+Church&rft.pub=Pickering&rft.date=1868&rft.au=Thomas+Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristianyearor00kengoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newman, John Henry. <i>Mary: the Virgin Mary in the life and writings of John Henry Newman</i>, 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85244-529-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85244-529-6">0-85244-529-6</a> pp. 15-18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJosemaria2008173–175-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJosemaria2008173–175_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJosemaria2008">Josemaria 2008</a>, pp. 173–175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Mary:_Grace_and_Hope_in_Christ''200652-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Mary:_Grace_and_Hope_in_Christ''200652_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMary:_Grace_and_Hope_in_Christ2006"><i>Mary: Grace and Hope in Christ</i> 2006</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNally2009169-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally2009169_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNally2009">McNally 2009</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rowan_Williams" title="Rowan Williams">Williams, Rowan</a>, 2002 <i>Ponder these things: praying with icons of the Virgin</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85311-362-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85311-362-X">1-85311-362-X</a> p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schultz, Thomas.<i>The Rosary for Episcopalians/Anglicans</i>. 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58790-055-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-58790-055-6">1-58790-055-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuckworth2004118-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuckworth2004118_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuckworth2004">Duckworth 2004</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oggins, Robin S., <i>Cathedrals</i>, 2000 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-281-05349-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-281-05349-9">0-281-05349-9</a> p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160912050150/http://www.walsinghamanglican.org.uk/welcome/index.htm">"Introduction"</a>. Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walsinghamanglican.org.uk/welcome/index.htm">the original</a> on 12 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction&rft.pub=Shrine+of+Our+Lady+of+Walsingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walsinghamanglican.org.uk%2Fwelcome%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obbard, Elizabeth. <i>Every Pilgrim's Guide to Walsingham</i>, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85311-808-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85311-808-7">1-85311-808-7</a> pages 17 and 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walsingham.org.uk/romancatholic/history.html">The National Catholic Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229120525/http://www.walsingham.org.uk/romancatholic/history.html">Archived</a> 2010-12-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuckworth2004125–126-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuckworth2004125–126_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuckworth2004">Duckworth 2004</a>, pp. 125–126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchroedel200681–85-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchroedel200681–85_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchroedel2006">Schroedel 2006</a>, pp. 81–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Mary:_Grace_and_Hope_in_Christ''20067–10-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Mary:_Grace_and_Hope_in_Christ''20067–10_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMary:_Grace_and_Hope_in_Christ2006"><i>Mary: Grace and Hope in Christ</i> 2006</a>, pp. 7–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Luther, <i>Luther's Works</i>, The American Edition, Jaroslav J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia%3A+Raccolta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F12620a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hermkens, Anna-Karina and Jansen, Willy. <i>Moved by Mary: The Power of Pilgrimage in the Modern World</i>, 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-6789-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-6789-8">0-7546-6789-8</a> p. 217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13508b.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia: Scapular"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia%3A+Scapular&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F13508b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirvin" class="citation web cs1">Dirvin, Fr. Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/saint-catherine-laboure-of-the-miraculous-medal-5307">"Saint Catherine Laboure of the Miraculous Medal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EWTN&rft.atitle=Saint+Catherine+Laboure+of+the+Miraculous+Medal&rft.aulast=Dirvin&rft.aufirst=Fr.+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fcatholicism%2Flibrary%2Fsaint-catherine-laboure-of-the-miraculous-medal-5307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwinburne1790" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Swinburne" title="Henry Swinburne">Swinburne, Henry</a> (1790). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JgALAAAAYAAJ&q=Madonna+delle+Galline&pg=PA166"><i>Travels in the Two Sicilies</i></a>. Vol. 3 (2 ed.). London: J. Nichols. p. 166<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travels+in+the+Two+Sicilies&rft.place=London&rft.pages=166&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=J.+Nichols&rft.date=1790&rft.aulast=Swinburne&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJgALAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DMadonna%2Bdelle%2BGalline%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aluit, Alphonso J., <i>The Galleon guide to Philippine festivals</i>, 1969 ASIN B004CWODBO p. 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roughguidetospain.com/el-rocio/">El Rocío</a>, <i>Rough Guide to Spain</i>. Retrieved 2010-04-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715204314/http://www.roughguidetospain.com/el-rocio/">Archived</a> July 15, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Devotion_to_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary">"Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Devotion+to+the+Blessed+Virgin+Mary&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marian_devotions&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonStaffordBurgess1992" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, H. George; Stafford, J. Francis; Burgess, Joseph A., eds. (1992). <i>The One Mediator, The Saints, and Mary</i>. Lutherans and Catholics in Dialogue. Vol. VIII. Minneapolis: Augsburg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8066-2579-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8066-2579-1"><bdi>0-8066-2579-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+One+Mediator%2C+The+Saints%2C+and+Mary&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.series=Lutherans+and+Catholics+in+Dialogue&rft.pub=Augsburg&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8066-2579-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuckworth2004" class="citation book cs1">Duckworth, Penelope (2004). <i>Mary: The Imagination of Her Heart</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56101-260-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-56101-260-2"><bdi>1-56101-260-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary%3A+The+Imagination+of+Her+Heart&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-56101-260-2&rft.aulast=Duckworth&rft.aufirst=Penelope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosemaria2008" class="citation book cs1">Josemaria, Brother Anthony (2008). <i>The Blessed Virgin Mary in England</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-595-50074-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-595-50074-1"><bdi>978-0-595-50074-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blessed+Virgin+Mary+in+England&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-595-50074-1&rft.aulast=Josemaria&rft.aufirst=Brother+Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary:_Grace_and_Hope_in_Christ2006" class="citation book cs1"><i>Mary: Grace and Hope in Christ: The Seattle Statement of the Anglican-Roman Catholics</i>. Anglican/Roman Catholic International Group. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-8155-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-8155-8"><bdi>0-8264-8155-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary%3A+Grace+and+Hope+in+Christ%3A+The+Seattle+Statement+of+the+Anglican-Roman+Catholics&rft.pub=Anglican%2FRoman+Catholic+International+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8264-8155-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNally2009" class="citation book cs1">McNally, Terrence (2009). <i>What Every Catholic Should Know about Mary</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4415-1051-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4415-1051-8"><bdi>978-1-4415-1051-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Every+Catholic+Should+Know+about+Mary&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4415-1051-8&rft.aulast=McNally&rft.aufirst=Terrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchroedel2006" class="citation book cs1">Schroedel, Jenny (2006). <i>The Everything Mary Book</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59337-713-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-59337-713-4"><bdi>1-59337-713-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Everything+Mary+Book&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-59337-713-4&rft.aulast=Schroedel&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirectory_on_Popular_Piety_and_the_Liturgy2001" class="citation book cs1">"Veneration of the Holy Mother of God". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20020513_vers-direttorio_en.html"><i>Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy</i></a>. Vatican City: Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Veneration+of+the+Holy+Mother+of+God&rft.btitle=Directory+on+Popular+Piety+and+the+Liturgy&rft.place=Vatican+City&rft.pub=Congregation+for+Divine+Worship+and+the+Discipline+of+the+Sacraments&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fcongregations%2Fccdds%2Fdocuments%2Frc_con_ccdds_doc_20020513_vers-direttorio_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarian+devotions" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maria.gogocarto.fr/">Collaborative World Map with Marian devotion places</a> pilgrimage sites, churches, grotto, cloisters, chapels.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virgin_Mary" title="Template:Virgin Mary"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virgin_Mary" title="Template talk:Virgin Mary"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virgin_Mary" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virgin Mary"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vierge_en_oraison_(Il_Sassoferrato).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Vierge_en_oraison_%28Il_Sassoferrato%29.jpg/125px-Vierge_en_oraison_%28Il_Sassoferrato%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Vierge_en_oraison_%28Il_Sassoferrato%29.jpg/188px-Vierge_en_oraison_%28Il_Sassoferrato%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Vierge_en_oraison_%28Il_Sassoferrato%29.jpg/250px-Vierge_en_oraison_%28Il_Sassoferrato%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a>: early life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_of_the_Virgin" title="Marriage of the Virgin">Marriage to Joseph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virginal motherhood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentation of Jesus at the Temple">Presentation of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_family_of_Jesus_to_Nazareth" title="Return of the family of Jesus to Nazareth">Return to Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_in_the_Temple" title="Finding in the Temple">Finding of Jesus in the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_at_Cana" title="Wedding at Cana">Miracle at the Wedding at Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">Deposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a>: later life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar" title="Our Lady of the Pillar">Bilocation to Saint James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Virgin_Mary" title="Tomb of the Virgin Mary">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Virgin" title="Coronation of the Virgin">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven" title="Queen of Heaven">Queenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Woman of the Apocalypse">Woman of the Apocalypse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">Apocryphal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_James" title="Gospel of James">Protoevangelium of James</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_meetings_and_documents_on_Mary" title="Ecumenical meetings and documents on Mary">Christian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Marian_theology" title="Anglican Marian theology">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Catholic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_Mariology" title="History of Catholic Mariology">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" title="Mariology of the popes">papal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_views_on_Mary" title="Protestant views on Mary">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Marian_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Luther's Marian theology">Lutheran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Islamic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Veneration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Apparitions_**_list_*_Catholic_churches_*_Christmas_*_Devotions_**_month_of_May_*_Feast_days_*_Patronage_*_Shrines_*_Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Apparitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marian_apparitions" title="List of Marian apparitions">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_church_buildings" title="Catholic Marian church buildings">Catholic churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Devotions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_devotions_to_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary">month of May</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_feast_days" title="Marian feast days">Feast days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronage_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Patronage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrines_to_the_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrines to the Virgin Mary">Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christotokos" title="Christotokos">Christotokos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-Redemptrix" title="Co-Redemptrix">Coredemptrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Help_of_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Help of Christians">Help of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Immaculate Heart of Mary">Immaculate Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life-giving_Spring" title="Life-giving Spring">Life-giving Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediatrix" title="Mediatrix">Mediatrix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mediatrix_of_all_graces" title="Mediatrix of all graces">of all graces</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Eve" title="New Eve">New Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagia" title="Panagia">Panagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Navigators" title="Our Lady of Navigators">Our Lady of Navigators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows" title="Our Lady of Sorrows">Our Lady of Sorrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Rosary" title="Our Lady of the Rosary">Our Lady of Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady,_Star_of_the_Sea" title="Our Lady, Star of the Sea">Star of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_Wisdom" title="Seat of Wisdom">Seat of Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_antiphons" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian antiphons">Antiphons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Redemptoris_Mater" title="Alma Redemptoris Mater">Alma Redemptoris Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Regina_caelorum" title="Ave Regina caelorum">Ave Regina caelorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salve_Regina" title="Salve Regina">Salve Regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_caeli" title="Regina caeli">Regina caeli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Ave Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1tima_prayers" title="Fátima prayers">Fátima prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymns_to_Mary" title="Hymns to Mary">Hymns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akathist_to_the_Theotokos" class="mw-redirect" title="Akathist to the Theotokos">Akathist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_maris_stella" title="Ave maris stella">Ave maris stella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub_tuum_praesidium" title="Sub tuum praesidium">Sub tuum praesidium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_litany" title="Marian litany">Litany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Loreto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Mother_of_Grace" title="Mary, Mother of Grace">Maria mater gratiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorare" title="Memorare">Memorare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Hail_Marys" title="Three Hail Marys">Three Hail Marys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(art)" title="Madonna (art)">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_the_Virgin_Mary_in_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Assumption of the Virgin Mary in art">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Madonna" title="Black Madonna">Black Madonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Madonna_of_Essen" title="Golden Madonna of Essen">Golden Madonna of Essen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0" title="Pietà">Pietà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven_in_Catholic_art" title="Queen of Heaven in Catholic art">Queen of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater_(art)" title="Stabat Mater (art)">Stabat Mater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agiosoritissa" title="Agiosoritissa">Agiosoritissa</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Maria_Advocata_(Madonna_del_Rosario)" title="Maria Advocata (Madonna del Rosario)">Madonna del Rosario</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_Derzhavnaya" title="Our Lady Derzhavnaya">Derzhavnaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleusa_icon" title="Eleusa icon">Eleusa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Vladimir" title="Virgin of Vladimir">Theotokos of Vladimir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodegetria" title="Hodegetria">Hodegetria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_the_Virgin" title="Life of the Virgin">Life of the Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Luke_painting_the_Virgin" title="Saint Luke painting the Virgin">Saint Luke painting the Virgin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Category:Mary, mother of Jesus">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prayers_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prayers_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Prayers of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prayers_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Prayers of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prayers_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prayers of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prayers_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Prayer in the Catholic Church">Prayers of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">Prayers of the <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiteor" title="Confiteor">Confiteor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creeds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria in excelsis Deo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Patri" title="Gloria Patri">Gloria Patri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie eleison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Pater noster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Signum crucis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Infant Samuel at Prayer"><img alt="Infant Samuel at Prayer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png/90px-The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png/135px-The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png/180px-The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marian prayers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Redemptoris_Mater" title="Alma Redemptoris Mater">Alma Redemptoris Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Ave Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_maris_stella" title="Ave maris stella">Ave maris stella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Regina_caelorum" title="Ave Regina caelorum">Ave Regina caelorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1tima_prayers" title="Fátima prayers">Fátima prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_litany" title="Marian litany">Litany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Loreto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Mother_of_Grace" title="Mary, Mother of Grace">Maria mater gratiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorare" title="Memorare">Memorare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_caeli" title="Regina caeli">Regina caeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salve_Regina" title="Salve Regina">Salve Regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub_tuum_praesidium" title="Sub tuum praesidium">Sub tuum praesidium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Hail_Marys" title="Three Hail Marys">Three Hail Marys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">Other Catholic prayers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Contrition" title="Act of Contrition">Act of Contrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoro_te_devote" title="Adoro te devote">Adoro te devote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_God" title="Angel of God">Angele Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anima_Christi" title="Anima Christi">Anima Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_verum_corpus" title="Ave verum corpus">Ave verum corpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_(Song_of_Zechariah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)">Benedictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplet_(prayer)" title="Chaplet (prayer)">Chaplets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Come,_Holy_Spirit" title="Come, Holy Spirit">Come, Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Praises" title="Divine Praises">Divine Praises (Laudes divinae)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mental_prayer" title="Mental prayer">Mental prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany" title="Litany">Litanies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Saints" title="Litany of the Saints">Litany of the Saints</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_offering" title="Morning offering">Morning offering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novena" title="Novena">Novena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunc_dimittis" title="Nunc dimittis">Nunc dimittis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_salutaris_hostia" title="O salutaris hostia">O salutaris hostia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="Penitential Psalms">Penitential Psalms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_51" title="Psalm 51">51: Miserere mei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_130" title="Psalm 130">130: De profundis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_before_a_crucifix" title="Prayer before a crucifix">Prayer before a crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Saint_Francis" title="Prayer of Saint Francis">Prayer of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_to_Saint_Joseph" title="Prayer to Saint Joseph">Prayer to Saint Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_to_Saint_Michael" title="Prayer to Saint Michael">Prayer to Saint Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Rest" title="Eternal Rest">Requiem æternam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual Communion">Spiritual Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantum_ergo" title="Tantum ergo">Tantum ergo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Deum" title="Te Deum">Te Deum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_after_Communion" title="Thanksgiving after Communion">Thanksgiving after Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veni_Creator_Spiritus" title="Veni Creator Spiritus">Veni Creator Spiritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veni_Sancte_Spiritus" title="Veni Sancte Spiritus">Veni Sancte Spiritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Visit to the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" 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