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.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup-lang plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article should <b>specify the language</b> of its non-English content, using <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Lang" title="Template:Lang">lang</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Transliteration" title="Template:Transliteration">transliteration</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for transliterated languages, and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_ISO_639_codes" title="Lists of ISO 639 codes">ISO 639 code</a>. Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_multilingual_support_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates">multilingual support templates</a> may also be used.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Lang#Rationale" title="Template:Lang">See why</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg/230px-Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg/345px-Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg/460px-Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Banner_of_Scotland" title="Royal Banner of Scotland">Royal Banner of Scotland</a>, used as a personal flag of the monarchs of Scotland since the early 12th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>style of the Scottish sovereign</b> refers to the styles and <a href="/wiki/Forms_of_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Forms of address">forms of address</a> used by <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royalty</a>, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Monarchs_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchs of Scotland">monarchs of Scotland</a> from the earliest to the present, including monarchs from the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Pictish</a> period to the British period. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earliest_styles">Earliest styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Earliest styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%AD" title="Rí">Rí</a></div> <p>Examples of the earliest styles are primarily found in sources originating from <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. For the earlier medieval period, the <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Ulster" title="Annals of Ulster">Annals of Ulster</a></i> (AU) and <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Tigernach" title="Annals of Tigernach">Annals of Tigernach</a></i> (AT) derive from the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iona_Chronicle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iona Chronicle (page does not exist)">Iona Chronicle</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Chronicle" title="Chronicle">chronicle</a> kept in Scotland. The <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Innisfallen" class="mw-redirect" title="Annals of Innisfallen">Annals of Innisfallen</a></i> are less reliable, and the forms given in that source, when in doubt, do not need to be trusted. Other sources used here are the <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Connacht" title="Annals of Connacht">Annals of Connacht</a></i> (AC) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicon_Scotorum" title="Chronicon Scotorum">Chronicon Scotorum</a></i> (CS) The style almost always King's name, followed by <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a>, followed by title. The source of each style is given in brackets, followed by the year under which it follows (s.a. = <i>sub anno</i>); it is usually the year in which the king died. Until the eleventh century, there is no one fixed term for <i>Scotland</i> in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Gaelic</a>. Before tenth century, the <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">kings</a> the area now comprising modern Scotland are either "of <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a>", "of <a href="/wiki/Fortriu" title="Fortriu">Fortriu</a>" or "of <a href="/wiki/Alba" title="Alba">Alba</a>", standardising after 900; but the <a href="/wiki/Mormaer_of_Moray" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormaer of Moray">rulers of Moray</a>, not by <a href="/wiki/Historiographical" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiographical">historiographical</a> tradition called "King", <i>are</i> called king in the sources; moreover, they are sometimes called "kings of Alba". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_Pictish_period">Traditional Pictish period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Traditional Pictish period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Domangurt mac Nissi ri Alban</i> (AT506)</li> <li><i>Comgall mac Domanguirt ri Alban</i> (AT537)</li> <li><i>Gabrain maic Domanguirt ríg Alban</i> (AT559)</li> <li><i>Cindaeladh rex Pictorum</i> (AT578)</li> <li><i>Cennalath, rex Pictorum</i> (AU, s.a. 580)</li> <li><i>Bruidhe mac Maelchon, ri Cruithneach</i> (AT, s.a. 581)</li> <li><i>Bruide mc. Maelcon regis Pictorum</i> (AU584)</li> <li><i>Bridei mac Maelchon, Ard Rig Toí</i> (ACC)</li> <li><i>Ceannath K. of the Picts</i> (AClon580)</li> <li><i>Garnat King of the Picts</i> (AClon590)</li> <li><i>Gartnaidh regis Pictorum</i> (AT597)</li> <li><i>Aedhain m. Gabrain mc. Domangairt righ Alban</i> (AU606)</li> <li><i>Ægþan Scotta cyng</i> (ASC603)</li> <li><i>Echdach Buidhe, regis Pictorum, filii Aedain</i> (AU629)</li> <li><i>Conid Cerr, rex Dal Riati</i> (AU629)</li> <li><i>Cinedon filii Lugthreni, regis Pictorum</i> (AU631)</li> <li><i>Cined mac Luchtren, rex Pictorum</i> (CS631)</li> <li><i>Cenay mc Lachtren king of the Picts</i> (AClon632)</li> <li><i>Cinaed, rí Alban</i> (AI 633)</li> <li><i>Cínaetha maic Luchtren, regis Pictorum</i> (AT633)</li> <li><i>Octlarge m c Fogith K. of Picts</i> (AClon649)</li> <li><i>Tolairg m. Fooith regis Pictorum</i> (AU653)</li> <li><i>Tolairg mac Foóith regis Pictorum</i> (AT653)</li> <li><i>Tolorchan mc Anfrith K. of the Picts</i> (AClon653)</li> <li><i>Tolargain mc. Anfrith regis Pictorum</i> (AU657)</li> <li><i>Tolorcan mac Ainfrith, rí Cruithne</i> (AT656)</li> <li><i>Gartnait maic Domnaill, rig Cruithneach</i> (AT663)</li> <li><i>Gartnayt son of Donall king of Picts</i> (AClon659)</li> <li><i>Bruidhe mac Bile, rex Fortrend</i> (AT693)</li> <li><i>Bruide m. Bili, rex Fortrend</i> (AU693)</li> <li><i>Brude mac Derilei, ri Cruithintuathi</i> (697 Cáin Adomnáin)</li> <li><i>Neactain reigis Pictorum</i> (AT724)</li> <li><i>Drust regem Pictorum</i> (AU729)</li> <li><i>Aongas, rí Foirtreann</i> (FA?729)</li> <li><i>Drust, righ Alban</i> (FA?729)</li> <li><i>Aengus mac Fergusa, rex Picctorum</i> (AT736)</li> <li><i>Oengus m. Fergusso, rex Pictorum</i> (AU736)</li> <li><i>Owinus rex píctorum</i> (ACamb~741)</li> <li><i>Talargan rex pictorum</i> (ACamb~750)</li> <li><i>Aengus rí Alban</i> (AT759)</li> <li><i>Aengus mac Fergusa, rex Pictorum</i> (AT761)</li> <li><i>Oengus m. Fherghussa rex Pictorum</i> (AU761)</li> <li><i>Bruidhi rí Fortrenn</i> (AT763)</li> <li><i>Bruide, rex Fortrenn</i> (AU763)</li> <li><i>Cinadhon regis Pictorum</i> (AU775)</li> <li><i>Cemoid rex pictorum</i> (ACamb~775)</li> <li><i>Dub Tholargg rex Pictorum citra Monoth</i> (AU782)</li> <li><i>Causantín mac Fergussa, ri Alban</i> (AI820)</li> <li><i>Custantin m. Fergusa, rex Fortreinn</i> (AU820)</li> <li><i>Oengus m. Fergusa, rex Fortrenn</i> (AU834)</li> <li><i>Eoganán mac Oengusa rí Dáil Riatai</i> (CGG)</li> <li><i>Cináed mac Alpín, ri Alban</i> (AI858)</li> <li><i>Cinaedh m. Ailpin rex Pictorum</i> (AU858)</li> <li><i>Ceínod rex pictorum</i> (ACamb~858)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_Scottish_period">Traditional Scottish period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Traditional Scottish period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Constantin mac Cinaeda ardri Alban</i> (CGG)</li> <li><i>Domnall m. Caustantin, ri Alban</i> (AU 900)</li> <li><i>Custantin m. Aedha ri Alban</i> (AU 952)</li> <li><i>Mael Coluim m. Domnaill, ri Alban</i> (AU 954)</li> <li><i>Dub m. Mael Coluim, ri Alban</i> (AU 967)</li> <li><i>Culen m. Illuilb, ri Alban</i> (AU 971)</li> <li><i>Amhlaim m. Ailuilbh, .i. ri Alban</i> (AU 977)</li> <li><i>Amlaim mac Illuilb, rí Alban</i> (AT 977)</li> <li><i>Cinaedh m. Mael Cholaim, ri Alban</i> (AU 995)</li> <li><i>Cináeth mac Mail Cholaim, rí Alban</i> (AT 995)</li> <li><i>Constantin mac Cuilindaín rí Alban</i> (AT 997)</li> <li><i>ri Alban, .i. Cinaedh m. Duibh</i> (AU 1005)</li> <li><i>Finnloech m. Ruaidhri, ri Alban</i> (AU 1020)</li> <li><i>Findlaech mac Ruadrí rí Alban</i> (LL)</li> <li><i>Mael Colaim mac Mael-Brighdi mac Ruaidrí, rí Alban</i> (1029)</li> <li><i>Mael Coluim m. Cinaedha, ri Alban</i> (AU 1034)</li> <li><i>Donnchad m. Crinan, rí Alban</i> (AU 1040)</li> <li><i>Donncadh mac Crínan, aird-rí Alban</i> (AT 1040)</li> <li><i>M. Beathadh m. Finnlaich airdrigh Alban</i> (AU 1058)</li> <li><i>Mac Bethadh mac Findlaich, aird-rí Alban</i> (AT 1058)</li> <li><i>Lulach, rí Alban</i> (AT 1058)</li> <li><i>Mael Snechtai m. Lulaigh ri Muireb</i> (AU 1085)</li> <li><i>Mael Coluim ri Alban</i> (AU 1085)</li> <li><i>Mael Coluim m. Donnchadha airdri Alban</i> (AU 1093)</li> <li><i>Mael Colaim mac Donnchadha, rí Alban</i> (AT 1093)</li> <li><i>Mael Coluim mac Dondchada ri Alban</i> (LL)</li> <li><i>Donnchadh m. Mael Coluim ri Alban</i> (AU 1094)</li> <li><i>Domnall mac Donnchada, rí Alban</i> (AT 1099)</li> <li><i>Etgair ri Alban</i> (AU 1107)</li> <li><i>Alaxandair m. Mael Choluim ri Alban</i> (AU 1124)</li> <li><i>Oenghus m. ingine Luluigh (ri Moréb)</i> (AU 1130)</li> <li><i>Dabid, rí Alban</i> (AT 1152)</li> <li><i>Dabid mac Mail Colaim, rí Alban & Saxan</i> (AT 1153)</li> <li><i>Mael Coluim Cennmor, mac Eanric, ardri Alban, in cristaidhe as ferr do bai do Gaidhelaibh re muir anair</i> (AU 1165)</li> <li><i>Ri Alban, Uilliam Garm</i> (AU 1214)</li> <li><i>Uilliam, ri Alban</i> (AU 1214)</li> <li><i>Roibert a Briuis, mormaer .. righ n-Alba</i>n (AU 1302 = 1306)</li> <li><i>Roberd a Briuis mormaer .. rig a nAlbain (AC 1306)</i></li> <li><i>Edubart Mor Ri Saxan & Bretan & Alban & Duice na Gascune & tigerna na hErend</i> (AC 1307)</li> <li><i>Roibeat a Briuis, ri Alban</i> (AU 1314)</li> <li><i>Righ Alban .i. Semus Sdibard</i> (AC 1499)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medieval_Charter_styles">Medieval Charter styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval Charter styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Poppleton_manuscript" title="Poppleton manuscript">Poppleton manuscript</a> preserves a <a href="/wiki/Land_grant" title="Land grant">grant</a> supposedly made by King <a href="/wiki/Nechtan_II_of_the_Picts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nechtan II of the Picts">Nechtan</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigid of Ireland">St. Brigid</a> at <a href="/wiki/Abernethy,_Perth_and_Kinross" title="Abernethy, Perth and Kinross">Abernethy</a>, c. early sixth century: </p> <ul><li>Latin: <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Nectonius magnus filius Uuirp rex omnium prouiciarum Pictorum</i></span><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Nechtan"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign#endnote_Nechtan">[1]</a></sup> <ul><li>English: 'Great Nechtan, son of Uurp, King of all the provinces of the Picts'</li></ul></li></ul> <p>In the Scottish period, the charter styles vary at first, but later become more formulaic. Here are some examples from the early charter period. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_numeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman numeral">Roman numeral</a> which follows is the number given to the charter in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_C._Lawrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald C. Lawrie (page does not exist)">Archibald C. Lawrie</a>'s <i>Early Scottish Charters: Prior to A.D. 1153</i>, (<a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, 1905): </p> <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Machbet filius Finlach et Gruoch filia Bodhe, rex et regina Scottorum</i></span> (Lawrie, V.) <ul><li>English: 'Macbeth son of Findláech and Gruoch daughter of Bodhe, King and Queen of the Scots'. Source is the Registrum of the Priory of St Andrews, and the document is a Latin translation from an earlier Gaelic document, so the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">rex Scottorum</i></span> style is not reliable</li></ul></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Malcolmus Dei gratia Scottorum basileus</i></span> (X) <ul><li>'Malcolm by the Grace of God, High King of the Scots'</li></ul></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Edgarus Dei gratia Rex Scottorum</i></span> (XVII: 1095) <ul><li>'Edgar by the Grace of God, King of the Scots'</li></ul></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Alexander Dei gratia Rex Scottorum</i></span> (XXVII) <ul><li>'Alexander by the Grace of God, King of the Scots'</li></ul></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">David Dei gratia Rex Scotiae</i></span> (LXIX) <ul><li>'David by the Grace of God, King of Scotland'</li></ul></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">David Dei gratia Rex Scottorum</i></span> (CIV) <ul><li>'David by the Grace of God, King of the Scots'</li></ul></li></ul> <p>From <a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" title="David I of Scotland">David I</a> onwards, the royal style is either <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">rex Scottorum</i></span> or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">rex Scotiae</i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="From_the_late_Middle_Ages_to_the_Acts_of_Union">From the late Middle Ages to the Acts of Union</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: From the late Middle Ages to the Acts of Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late Middle Ages the styles <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">rex Scottorum</i></span> ('king of the Scots') and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">rex Scotiae</i></span> ('king of Scotland') were used interchangeably. Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/Monarchs_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchs of England">monarchs of England</a> could be referred to as the "king of the English" as indeed <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a> was in the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Arbroath" title="Declaration of Arbroath">Declaration of Arbroath</a> (1320). <i>King of the Scots</i> was used in "The Declaration of the Clergy in favour of Robert the Bruce" (1334), as it was in the charter by which <a href="/wiki/Edward_Balliol" title="Edward Balliol">Edward Balliol</a> ceded the southern counties of Scotland to England. However, in many other documents <i>King of Scotland</i> was the preferred style, including "The Letter of the Magnates of Scotland to the King of France" (1308), "The Settlement of Succession on Robert the Bruce" (1315), <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Corbeil_(1326)" title="Treaty of Corbeil (1326)">the Treaty of Corbeuil</a> (1326), the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Edinburgh%E2%80%93Northampton" title="Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton">Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton</a> (1328), the <a href="/wiki/Papal_Bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Bull">Papal Bull</a> authorising the anointing of Scottish Kings (1329) and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berwick_(1357)" title="Treaty of Berwick (1357)">Treaty of Berwick</a> (1357). This remained the case until the last three monarchs of Scotland, <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne</a>, who became Queen of Great Britain following the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_day">Modern day</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">King of Scots</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_the_United_Kingdom_(in_Scotland).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Royal_Standard_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28in_Scotland%29.svg/80px-Royal_Standard_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28in_Scotland%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Royal_Standard_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28in_Scotland%29.svg/120px-Royal_Standard_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28in_Scotland%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Royal_Standard_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28in_Scotland%29.svg/160px-Royal_Standard_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28in_Scotland%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Standard_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Royal Standard of the United Kingdom">Royal Standard of the United Kingdom</a> (In Scotland)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Present holder</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Heir apparent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Duke of Rothesay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Extinct (merged in the Crown), <i>Still used in Official subnational capacity in parts of Scotland to refer to British Monarch, since 1999</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Honorific title of the <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the United Kingdom">King of the United Kingdom</a> in Scotland</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since the Act of Union, the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">monarch of the United Kingdom</a>, is styled His/Her Majesty King/Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="King_of_Scots">King of Scots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: King of Scots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title <b>King of Scots</b> (Queen of Scots when the monarch is female) is an alternative title used to refer to British monarch when in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most notably the title was widely used by the Scottish Parliament in the motion of condolence when paying tribute to <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> following her death in 2022. The title had been reintroduced by Elizabeth II when she allowed the Scottish Parliament to refer to her as Queen of Scots when it was founded in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current holder of the title is <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Your_Grace">Your Grace</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Your Grace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Grace_(style)" title="Grace (style)">Grace (style)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2008</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Scottish <a href="/wiki/Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchs">monarchs</a> were addressed as "Your Grace" before the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union</a> of 1707, when <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> became part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>. From then, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> monarchs have been addressed as "Your Majesty", even with reference to their being King/Queen of Scots. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Nechtan"><b><a href="#ref_Nechtan">^</a></b></span> , Anderson, <i>Kings</i>, (1973), p. 249</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/scottish-royal-titles-here-are-13-royal-titles-linked-to-scotland-and-who-holds-them-from-lord-of-the-isles-to-the-earl-of-forfar-4125772">https://www.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/scottish-royal-titles-here-are-13-royal-titles-linked-to-scotland-and-who-holds-them-from-lord-of-the-isles-to-the-earl-of-forfar-4125772</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-40352697">"Queen Elizabeth: Monarch with a genuine love for Scotland"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 8 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Queen+Elizabeth%3A+Monarch+with+a+genuine+love+for+Scotland&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-40352697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStyle+of+the+Scottish+sovereign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.gov.scot/publications/motion-condolence/">https://www.gov.scot/publications/motion-condolence/</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Anderson, Marjorie O., <i>Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland</i>, (Edinburgh, 1973)</li> <li>Lawrie, Archibald C., <i>Early Scottish Charters: Prior to A.D. 1153</i>, (Glasgow, 1905):</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading 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styles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Forms of address</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">popes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royalty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Nəgusä Nägäst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkosi" title="Nkosi">Nkosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_(style)" title="Holiness (style)">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Royal_Majesty" title="Imperial and Royal Majesty">Imperial and Royal Majesty</a> (HI&RM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Most_Faithful_Majesty" title="Imperial and Most Faithful Majesty">Imperial and Most Faithful Majesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Majesty" title="Imperial Majesty">Imperial Majesty</a> (HIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Majesty" title="Apostolic Majesty">Apostolic Majesty</a> (HAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Catholicissimus" title="Rex Catholicissimus">Catholic Majesty</a> (HCM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_French_sovereign#Most_Christian_King" title="Style of the French sovereign">Most Christian Majesty</a> (HMCM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_Faithful_Majesty" title="Most Faithful Majesty">Most Faithful Majesty</a> (HFM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Majesty" title="Orthodox Majesty">Orthodox Majesty</a> (HOM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannic_Majesty" title="Britannic Majesty">Britannic Majesty</a> (HBM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_Excellent_Majesty" title="Most Excellent Majesty">Most Excellent Majesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_Gracious_Majesty" title="Most Gracious Majesty">Most Gracious Majesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">Royal Majesty</a> (HRM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">Majesty</a> (HM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_(style)" title="Grace (style)">Grace</a> (HG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">Royal Highness</a> (HRH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monseigneur" title="Monseigneur">Monseigneur</a> (Msgr)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Eminence" class="mw-redirect" title="His Eminence">Most Eminent Highness</a> (HMEH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exalted_Highness" class="mw-redirect" title="Exalted Highness">Exalted Highness</a> (HEH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">Highness</a> (HH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serene_Highness" title="Serene Highness">Serene Highness</a> (HSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrious_Highness" title="Illustrious Highness">Illustrious Highness</a> (HIll.H)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Excellency</a> (HE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Excellent" title="The Most Excellent">Most Excellent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Illustrious" title="The Most Illustrious">Most Illustrious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochgeboren" title="Hochgeboren">Hochgeboren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochwohlgeboren" title="Hochwohlgeboren">Hochwohlgeboren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wohlgeboren" title="Wohlgeboren">Wohlgeboren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Much_Honoured" title="The Much Honoured">Much Honoured</a> (The Much Hon.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milord" title="Milord">Milord</a> (Millourt)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pater_Patriae" title="Pater Patriae">Pater Patriae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_(title)" title="Augustus (title)">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastos" title="Sebastos">Sebastos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominus_(title)" title="Dominus (title)">Dominus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mepe" title="Mepe">Mepe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Royal_Highness" title="Imperial and Royal Highness">Imperial and Royal Highness</a> (HI&RH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Highness" title="Imperial Highness">Imperial Highness</a> (HIH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">Royal Highness</a> (HRH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Highness" title="Grand Ducal Highness">Grand Ducal Highness</a> (HGDH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">Highness</a> (HH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducal_Serene_Highness" title="Ducal Serene Highness">Ducal Serene Highness</a> (HDSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serene_Highness" title="Serene Highness">Serene Highness</a> (HSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenity_(style)" title="Serenity (style)">Serenity</a> (HS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrious_Highness" title="Illustrious Highness">Illustrious Highness</a> (HIll.H)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_(style)" title="Grace (style)">Grace</a> (HG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Excellency</a> (HE)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_(honorific)" title="Don (honorific)">Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senhor" title="Senhor">Senhor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Most_Serene_Republic" title="Most Serene Republic">Most Serene Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghatur" title="Baghatur">Baghatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duli_Yang_Maha_Mulia" title="Duli Yang Maha Mulia">Duli Yang Maha Mulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_king" title="Great king">Great king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings" title="King of Kings">King of Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Mikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogun" title="Shogun">Shogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Heaven" title="Son of Heaven">Son of Heaven</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_the_Two_Holy_Mosques" title="Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques">Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrat" title="Hadrat">Hadrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanic_Highness" title="Sultanic Highness">Sultanic Highness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_French_sovereign" title="Style of the French sovereign">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Georgian_sovereign" title="Style of the Georgian sovereign">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Dutch_sovereign" title="Style of the Dutch sovereign">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Portuguese_sovereign" title="Style of the Portuguese sovereign">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Serbian_sovereign" title="Style of the Serbian sovereign">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Swedish_sovereign" title="Style of the Swedish sovereign">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_British_sovereign" title="Style of the British sovereign">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Style_and_title_of_the_Canadian_sovereign" title="Style and title of the Canadian sovereign">Canada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scotland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By_the_Grace_of_God" title="By the Grace of God">By the Grace of God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Faith" title="Defender of the Faith">Defender of the Faith</a> (<i>Fidei defensor</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon" title="Godfrey of Bouillon">Defender of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Roman_Emperor" title="Last Roman Emperor">Great Catholic Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_sovereign_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current sovereign monarchs">List of current sovereign monarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent monarchs">List of current constituent monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_king" title="Sacred king">Sacred king</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Translatio_imperii" title="Translatio imperii">Translatio imperii</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_title" title="Victory title">Victory title</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Royalty_and_Nobility" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Royalty and Nobility">Wikipedia:WikiProject Royalty and Nobility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&oldid=1253560547">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign&oldid=1253560547</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_monarchs" title="Category:Scottish monarchs">Scottish monarchs</a></li><li><a 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