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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_so_santid%C3%A1" title="La so santidá – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="La so santidá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiligkeit_(Anrede)" title="Heiligkeit (Anrede) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heiligkeit (Anrede)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Αγιώτατος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγιώτατος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_santidad" title="Su santidad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Su santidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa_Saintet%C3%A9" title="Sa Sainteté – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sa Sainteté" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1%ED%95%98_(%ED%98%B8%EC%B9%AD)" title="성하 (호칭) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성하 (호칭)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Teramat_Mulia" title="Yang Teramat Mulia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yang Teramat Mulia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santit%C3%A0_(trattamento)" title="Santità (trattamento) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Santità (trattamento)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%B8%8B" title="聖下 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="聖下" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jego_%C5%9Bwi%C4%85tobliwo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Jego świątobliwość – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jego świątobliwość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sua_Santidade" title="Sua Santidade – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sua Santidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Его Святейшество – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Его Святейшество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Holiness" title="His Holiness – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="His Holiness" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Његова Светост – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Његова Светост" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaniyang_Kabanal-banalan" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Holiness%22+style">"Holiness" style</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Holiness%22+style+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Holiness%22+style&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Holiness%22+style+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Holiness%22+style">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Holiness%22+style&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: gold;"><span style="font-size:80%">Papal styles of</span><br /><b><span class="fn">Holiness (style)</span></b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1190" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data">His Holiness</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data">Your Holiness</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religious style</th><td class="infobox-data">Holy Father</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The title <b>His Holiness</b> (and the associated <a href="/wiki/Form_of_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Form of address">form of address</a> <b>Your Holiness</b>) is an official title or style referring to leaders in a number of religious traditions. It is used to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>; this use can be traced back several hundred years.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also an official title for <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarchs</a>, and used to refer to religious leaders in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a>. Buddhist leaders referred to this way include the <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Menri_Monastery" title="Menri Monastery">Menri Trizin</a>, among others; the <a href="/wiki/Da%27i_al-Mutlaq" title="Da'i al-Mutlaq">Da'i al-Mutlaq</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohras" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawoodi Bohras">Dawoodi Bohras</a> is one example of a Muslim leader styled this way. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buddhism_and_Bon">Buddhism and Bon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holiness_(style)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Buddhism and Bon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English-language honorific "His Holiness"(<a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>: အရှင်သူမြတ်ဘုရား; Ashin Thumyat Phya and the female version "<b>Her Holiness</b>" have commonly and very recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title=""very recently" dosen't tell me when. (October 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> been used for <a href="/wiki/Religious_leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious leader">religious leaders</a> from other traditions, including <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leaders such as the <a href="/wiki/Thanlyin_Mingyaung_Sayadaw" title="Thanlyin Mingyaung Sayadaw">Thanlyin Mingyaung Sayadaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashin_Nandam%C4%81l%C4%81bhiva%E1%B9%81sa" title="Ashin Nandamālābhivaṁsa">Ashin Nandamalabhivamsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Gyalwa_Karmapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyalwa Karmapa">Gyalwa Karmapa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Je_Khenpo" title="Je Khenpo">Je Khenpo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shinso_Ito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shinso Ito (page does not exist)">Shinso Ito</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Shinnyo-en" title="Shinnyo-en">Shinnyo-en</a> branch of <a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon Buddhism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bön">Bön</a> tradition it is used for the <a href="/wiki/Menri_Monastery" title="Menri Monastery">Menri Trizin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 71.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 69.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalai_Lama_1430_Luca_Galuzzi_2007crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso (b. 1935)"><img alt="Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso (b. 1935)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dalai_Lama_1430_Luca_Galuzzi_2007crop.jpg/104px-Dalai_Lama_1430_Luca_Galuzzi_2007crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dalai_Lama_1430_Luca_Galuzzi_2007crop.jpg/156px-Dalai_Lama_1430_Luca_Galuzzi_2007crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dalai_Lama_1430_Luca_Galuzzi_2007crop.jpg/208px-Dalai_Lama_1430_Luca_Galuzzi_2007crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="1234" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenzin_Gyatso" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenzin Gyatso">Tenzin Gyatso</a> (b. 1935)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PanchenLama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="11° Panchen Lama, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima (b. 1989)"><img alt="11° Panchen Lama, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima (b. 1989)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PanchenLama.jpg/222px-PanchenLama.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PanchenLama.jpg/333px-PanchenLama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PanchenLama.jpg/444px-PanchenLama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">11° Panchen Lama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gedhun_Choekyi_Nyima" title="Gedhun Choekyi Nyima">Gedhun Choekyi Nyima</a> (b. 1989)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:17-Karmapa-Lon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="17° Karmapa, Trinley Thaye Dorje (b. 1983)"><img alt="17° Karmapa, Trinley Thaye Dorje (b. 1983)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/17-Karmapa-Lon.jpg/114px-17-Karmapa-Lon.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/17-Karmapa-Lon.jpg/172px-17-Karmapa-Lon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/17-Karmapa-Lon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Karmapa" title="Karmapa">17° Karmapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinley_Thaye_Dorje" title="Trinley Thaye Dorje">Trinley Thaye Dorje</a> (b. 1983)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ogyen_Trinley_Dorje_by_Prince_Roy_cropped.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="17° Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje (b. 1985)"><img alt="17° Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje (b. 1985)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ogyen_Trinley_Dorje_by_Prince_Roy_cropped.jpeg/202px-Ogyen_Trinley_Dorje_by_Prince_Roy_cropped.jpeg" decoding="async" width="135" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ogyen_Trinley_Dorje_by_Prince_Roy_cropped.jpeg/302px-Ogyen_Trinley_Dorje_by_Prince_Roy_cropped.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Ogyen_Trinley_Dorje_by_Prince_Roy_cropped.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Karmapa" title="Karmapa">17° Karmapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ogyen_Trinley_Dorje" title="Ogyen Trinley Dorje">Ogyen Trinley Dorje</a> (b. 1985)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Druk_white_lotus_school_gya.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="12° Gyalwang Drukpa, Jigme Pema Wangchen (b. 1963)"><img alt="12° Gyalwang Drukpa, Jigme Pema Wangchen (b. 1963)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Druk_white_lotus_school_gya.jpg/229px-Druk_white_lotus_school_gya.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Druk_white_lotus_school_gya.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gyalwang_Drukpa" title="Gyalwang Drukpa">12° Gyalwang Drukpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jigme_Pema_Wangchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigme Pema Wangchen">Jigme Pema Wangchen</a> (b. 1963)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holiness_(style)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholic_Church">Catholic Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holiness_(style)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Catholic Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Francis_South_Korea_2014.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Pope_Francis_South_Korea_2014.png/130px-Pope_Francis_South_Korea_2014.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Pope_Francis_South_Korea_2014.png/195px-Pope_Francis_South_Korea_2014.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Pope_Francis_South_Korea_2014.png/260px-Pope_Francis_South_Korea_2014.png 2x" data-file-width="1665" data-file-height="2114" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a> (b. 1936)</figcaption></figure> <p><i>His Holiness</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Sanctitas</i>) is the official <a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">style</a> used to address the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>. </p><p>The full <a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">papal title</a>, rarely used, is: </p> <dl><dd><i>His Holiness (Francis), <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Rome">Bishop of Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vicar_of_Christ" title="Vicar of Christ">Vicar of Jesus Christ</a>, Successor of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Prince of the Apostles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontifex_Maximus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifex Maximus">Supreme</a> <a href="/wiki/Pontiff#Christianity" title="Pontiff">Pontiff</a> of the Universal Church, <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_the_West" title="Patriarch of the West">Patriarch of the West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a> of Italy, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Archbishop and Metropolitan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Roman_Catholic_dioceses_in_Italy#Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the Roman Catholic dioceses in Italy">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_province#Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical province">Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sovereigns_of_the_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sovereigns of the Vatican City State">Sovereign</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> State, <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_servants_of_God" title="Servant of the servants of God">Servant of the servants of God</a>.</i></dd></dl> <p>The best-known title, that of "Pope", does not appear in the official list of titles, but is commonly used in the titles of documents and appears, in abbreviated form, in their signatures as "PP", standing for <i>Papa</i> (<i>Pope</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2020 <i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i> lists all of his formal titles, except Bishop of Rome, as "historical titles".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is customary when referring to popes to translate the <a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">regnal name</a> into local languages. Thus he is <i>Papa Franciscus</i> in Latin (the official language of the Holy See), <i>Papa Francesco</i> in Italian (the language of the Vatican), <i>Papa Francisco</i> in his native Spanish, and <i>Pope Francis</i> in English.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> announced that former <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> would retain the style "His Holiness" after resigning and becoming <a href="/wiki/Pope_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope emeritus">pope emeritus</a>. </p><p>The term is sometimes abbreviated as "<b>HH</b>" or "<b>H.H.</b>" when confusion with "His/Her Highness" is unlikely. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oriental_and_Eastern_Orthodox_churches">Oriental and Eastern Orthodox churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holiness_(style)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oriental and Eastern Orthodox churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>His Holiness</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Sanctitas</i>) is the official <a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">style</a> also used to address the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholicoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicoi">Catholicoi</a>/<a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarchs</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_patriarch_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople">ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople</a> has the title of <b>His All Holiness</b> (abbreviation <b>HAH</b>). It is also used for certain other Eastern patriarchs, notably those who head a church or rite which recognizes neither Rome's nor Constantinople's primacy. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tawadros_II_of_Alexandria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Papa Tawadros II of Alexandria of the Coptic Orthodox Church (b. 1952)"><img alt="Papa Tawadros II of Alexandria of the Coptic Orthodox Church (b. 1952)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tawadros_II_of_Alexandria.jpg/130px-Tawadros_II_of_Alexandria.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tawadros_II_of_Alexandria.jpg/195px-Tawadros_II_of_Alexandria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tawadros_II_of_Alexandria.jpg/260px-Tawadros_II_of_Alexandria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="716" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Papa <a href="/wiki/Tawadros_II_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawadros II of Alexandria">Tawadros II of Alexandria</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a> (b. 1952)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 68.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 66.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patriarch Kirill of Moscow (b. 1946)"><img alt="Patriarch Kirill of Moscow (b. 1946)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow.jpg/100px-Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow.jpg/150px-Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow.jpg/200px-Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Kirill of Moscow">Patriarch Kirill of Moscow</a><br />(b. 1946)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 74.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 72.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bartolomeo_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Bartholomew I (b. 1940)"><img alt="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Bartholomew I (b. 1940)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Bartolomeo_I.jpg/109px-Bartolomeo_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Bartolomeo_I.jpg/163px-Bartolomeo_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Bartolomeo_I.jpg/217px-Bartolomeo_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="878" data-file-height="1212" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew I</a><br />(b. 1940)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 68.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 66.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodore_of_Alexandria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patriarch of Alexandria Theodore II (b. 1954)"><img alt="Patriarch of Alexandria Theodore II (b. 1954)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Theodore_of_Alexandria.jpg/100px-Theodore_of_Alexandria.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Theodore_of_Alexandria.jpg/150px-Theodore_of_Alexandria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Theodore_of_Alexandria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="299" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Patriarch of Alexandria</a> <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Theodore_II_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria">Theodore II</a><br />(b. 1954)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 68.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 66.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarch_Daniil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patriarch Daniil of Bulgaria (b. 1972)"><img alt="Patriarch Daniil of Bulgaria (b. 1972)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Patriarch_Daniil.jpg/100px-Patriarch_Daniil.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Patriarch_Daniil.jpg/150px-Patriarch_Daniil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Patriarch_Daniil.jpg/200px-Patriarch_Daniil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Daniil_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Daniil of Bulgaria">Patriarch Daniil of Bulgaria</a> (b. 1972)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Assyrian_Patriarch_Dinkha_IV_Khanania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mar Dinkha IV, Patriarch of the Church of the East (b. 1935)"><img alt="Mar Dinkha IV, Patriarch of the Church of the East (b. 1935)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Assyrian_Patriarch_Dinkha_IV_Khanania.jpg/200px-Assyrian_Patriarch_Dinkha_IV_Khanania.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Assyrian_Patriarch_Dinkha_IV_Khanania.jpg/300px-Assyrian_Patriarch_Dinkha_IV_Khanania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Assyrian_Patriarch_Dinkha_IV_Khanania.jpg/400px-Assyrian_Patriarch_Dinkha_IV_Khanania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mar_Dinkha_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Dinkha IV">Mar Dinkha IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_the_Church_of_the_East" title="Patriarch of the Church of the East">Patriarch of the Church of the East</a> (b. 1935)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 69.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 67.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarch_Ignatius_Aphrem_II,_seated.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ignatius Aphrem II, of the Syriac Orthodox Church (b.1965)"><img alt="Ignatius Aphrem II, of the Syriac Orthodox Church (b.1965)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Patriarch_Ignatius_Aphrem_II%2C_seated.jpg/101px-Patriarch_Ignatius_Aphrem_II%2C_seated.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Patriarch_Ignatius_Aphrem_II%2C_seated.jpg/151px-Patriarch_Ignatius_Aphrem_II%2C_seated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Patriarch_Ignatius_Aphrem_II%2C_seated.jpg/201px-Patriarch_Ignatius_Aphrem_II%2C_seated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="4514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Aphrem_II" title="Ignatius Aphrem II">Ignatius Aphrem II</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> (b.1965)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 64px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 62px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garegin_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Armenian Apostolic Church Garegin II (b. 1951)"><img alt="Armenian Apostolic Church Garegin II (b. 1951)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Garegin_II.jpg/93px-Garegin_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="62" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Garegin_II.jpg/139px-Garegin_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Garegin_II.jpg/186px-Garegin_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="334" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a> <a href="/wiki/Garegin_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Garegin II">Garegin II</a><br />(b. 1951)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 62px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 60px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baselius_Marthoma_Mathews_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III, of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (b. 1949)"><img alt="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III, of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (b. 1949)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Baselius_Marthoma_Mathews_III.jpg/79px-Baselius_Marthoma_Mathews_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="53" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Baselius_Marthoma_Mathews_III.jpg/119px-Baselius_Marthoma_Mathews_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Baselius_Marthoma_Mathews_III.jpg/158px-Baselius_Marthoma_Mathews_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Baselios Marthoma Mathews III</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a> (b. 1949)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holiness_(style)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Islam, it is used in <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> for the 5th <a href="/wiki/Khalifatul_Masih" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalifatul Masih">Caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Masroor_Ahmad" title="Mirza Masroor Ahmad">Mirza Masroor Ahmad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fifth_khalifa_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fifth_khalifa-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is used in the <a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohra</a> sect of <a href="/wiki/Ismaili" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismaili">Ismaili</a> Shia for the office of <a href="/wiki/Da%27i_al-Mutlaq" title="Da'i al-Mutlaq">Da'i al-Mutlaq</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syedna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syedna (page does not exist)">Syedna</a>. Syedna <a href="/wiki/Mufaddal_Saifuddin" title="Mufaddal Saifuddin">Mufaddal Saifuddin</a> is recognized by most <a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohras" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawoodi Bohras">Dawoodi Bohras</a> as the 53rd <a href="/wiki/Da%27i_al-Mutlaq" title="Da'i al-Mutlaq">Da'i al-Mutlaq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-livemintbattle_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-livemintbattle-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m5002020_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m5002020-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 98px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baitan_Nur_Mosque_Inauguration_-_Stephen_Harper-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mirza Masroor Ahmad, Fifth Ahmadiyya Caliph"><img alt="Mirza Masroor Ahmad, Fifth Ahmadiyya Caliph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Baitan_Nur_Mosque_Inauguration_-_Stephen_Harper-2.jpg/147px-Baitan_Nur_Mosque_Inauguration_-_Stephen_Harper-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Baitan_Nur_Mosque_Inauguration_-_Stephen_Harper-2.jpg/221px-Baitan_Nur_Mosque_Inauguration_-_Stephen_Harper-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Baitan_Nur_Mosque_Inauguration_-_Stephen_Harper-2.jpg/294px-Baitan_Nur_Mosque_Inauguration_-_Stephen_Harper-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="1507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Masroor_Ahmad" title="Mirza Masroor Ahmad">Mirza Masroor Ahmad</a>, Fifth <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Caliphate" title="Ahmadiyya Caliphate">Ahmadiyya Caliph</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mufaddal_Saifuddin_Houstan_Ashara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq"><img alt="Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mufaddal_Saifuddin_Houstan_Ashara.jpg/338px-Mufaddal_Saifuddin_Houstan_Ashara.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mufaddal_Saifuddin_Houstan_Ashara.jpg/507px-Mufaddal_Saifuddin_Houstan_Ashara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mufaddal_Saifuddin_Houstan_Ashara.jpg/675px-Mufaddal_Saifuddin_Houstan_Ashara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Syedna <a href="/wiki/Mufaddal_Saifuddin" title="Mufaddal Saifuddin">Mufaddal Saifuddin</a>, 53rd <a href="/wiki/Da%27i_al-Mutlaq" title="Da'i al-Mutlaq">Da'i al-Mutlaq</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holiness_(style)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorifics" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_honorifics" title="English honorifics">English honorifics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorifics_(linguistics)" title="Honorifics (linguistics)">Honorifics (linguistics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Papal titles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holiness_(style)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicherald.com/article/columns/why-is-the-pope-called-your-holiness/">"Why is the pope called 'Your Holiness'? - Arlington Catholic Herald"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+is+the+pope+called+%27Your+Holiness%27%3F+-+Arlington+Catholic+Herald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicherald.com%2Farticle%2Fcolumns%2Fwhy-is-the-pope-called-your-holiness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rising-dragon.co.uk/about/his-holiness-grand-master-sheng-yen-lu/">His Holiness Living Buddha Lian Sheng, Grand Master Sheng-Yen Lu</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715035111/http://www.royalalberthall.com/tickets/dalai-lama/default.aspx">"Royal Albert Hall ticket office: His Holiness the Dalai Lama, 19 June 2012"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalalberthall.com/tickets/dalai-lama/default.aspx">the original</a> on July 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Albert+Hall+ticket+office%3A+His+Holiness+the+Dalai+Lama%2C+19+June+2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalalberthall.com%2Ftickets%2Fdalai-lama%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dalailama.com/">"His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama"</a>. July 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=His+Holiness+the+14th+Dalai+Lama&rft.date=2023-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dalailama.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rumtek.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=k1bootstrap:bigsquared&id=8&Itemid=102&lang=en">"Rumtek Dharma Chakra Centre - the Karmapa"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rumtek+Dharma+Chakra+Centre+-+the+Karmapa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rumtek.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Dcategory%26layout%3Dk1bootstrap%3Abigsquared%26id%3D8%26Itemid%3D102%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moh.gov.bt/message-from-his-holiness-the-je-khenpo-on-the-launch-of-our-gyenkhu-campaign/">"Message from His Holiness the Je Khenpo on the launch of "Our Gyenkhu" campaign | Ministry of Health"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Message+from+His+Holiness+the+Je+Khenpo+on+the+launch+of+%22Our+Gyenkhu%22+campaign+%26%23124%3B+Ministry+of+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moh.gov.bt%2Fmessage-from-his-holiness-the-je-khenpo-on-the-launch-of-our-gyenkhu-campaign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2012/07/02/visit-most-venerable-revudugama-sri-buddharakkitha-thero-japan">Asian Tribune: example of reference to "Her Holiness Shinso Ito, the Head Priest of Shinnyo en Temple in Tachikawa, Tokyo", 3 July 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ybmcs.org/biography-of-hh33rd-menri-trizin-rinpoche/">"Biography of His Holiness the 33rd Abbot of Menri Lungtok Tenpei Nyima Rinpoche – Yungdrung Bon Monastic Centre Society"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+His+Holiness+the+33rd+Abbot+of+Menri+Lungtok+Tenpei+Nyima+Rinpoche+%E2%80%93+Yungdrung+Bon+Monastic+Centre+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fybmcs.org%2Fbiography-of-hh33rd-menri-trizin-rinpoche%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ligmincha.org/bon-buddhism-read-more/">"His Holiness the 34th Menri Trizin | Ligmincha"</a>. 27 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=His+Holiness+the+34th+Menri+Trizin+%26%23124%3B+Ligmincha&rft.date=2019-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fligmincha.org%2Fbon-buddhism-read-more%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahan,_Thomas_Joseph1907" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Shahan, Thomas Joseph (1907). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ecclesiastical Abbreviations"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Ecclesiastical_Abbreviations">"Ecclesiastical Abbreviations" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ecclesiastical+Abbreviations&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1907&rft.au=Shahan%2C+Thomas+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/469994/pope">"Pope"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Other+than+%27bishop+of+Rome%2C%27+yearbook+lists+papal+titles+as+%27historic%27&rft.pub=Crux&rft.date=2020-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcruxnow.com%2Fvatican%2F2020%2F04%2Fother-than-bishop-of-rome-yearbook-lists-papal-titles-as-historic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2013" class="citation news cs1">Parker, Alan (15 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140411184409/http://blogs.canoe.ca/parker/news/a-few-things-you-might-not-know-about-pope-francis/">"A Few Things You Might Not Know About Pope Francis"</a>. <i>Toronto Sun</i>. Archived from the original on 11 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=A+Few+Things+You+Might+Not+Know+About+Pope+Francis&rft.date=2013-03-15&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.canoe.ca%2Fparker%2Fnews%2Fa-few-things-you-might-not-know-about-pope-francis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fifth_khalifa-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fifth_khalifa_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/khilafat/fifth/">"Life Sketch and Services of His Holiness Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad Khalifatul Masih V"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712203655/https://www.alislam.org/profile/hazrat-mirza-masroor-ahmad/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+Sketch+and+Services+of+His+Holiness+Hazrat+Mirza+Masroor+Ahmad+Khalifatul+Masih+V&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fkhilafat%2Ffifth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-livemintbattle-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-livemintbattle_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKappal2019" class="citation web cs1">Kappal, Bhanuj (2019-07-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/the-battle-for-the-leadership-of-the-dawoodi-bohras-1564140215359.html">"The battle for the leadership of the Dawoodi Bohras"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+battle+for+the+leadership+of+the+Dawoodi+Bohras&rft.date=2019-07-28&rft.aulast=Kappal&rft.aufirst=Bhanuj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2Fmint-lounge%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-battle-for-the-leadership-of-the-dawoodi-bohras-1564140215359.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m5002020-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m5002020_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchleifer2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_Schleifer" title="Abdallah Schleifer">Schleifer, S Abdallah</a>, ed. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200612095355/https://www.themuslim500.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/TheMuslim500-2020-low.pdf"><i>The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Islamic_Strategic_Studies_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre">The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789957635459" title="Special:BookSources/9789957635459"><bdi>9789957635459</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themuslim500.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/TheMuslim500-2020-low.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muslim+500%3A+The+World%27s+500+Most+Influential+Muslims&rft.place=Jordan&rft.pub=The+Royal+Islamic+Strategic+Studies+Centre&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9789957635459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themuslim500.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F10%2FTheMuslim500-2020-low.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoliness+%28style%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial,_royal,_and_noble_styles" title="Template:Imperial, royal, and noble styles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial,_royal,_and_noble_styles" title="Template talk:Imperial, royal, and noble styles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial,_royal,_and_noble_styles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial, royal, and noble styles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Imperial,_royal,_and_noble_styles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal,_and_noble_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial, royal, and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble styles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Forms of address</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">popes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royalty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Nəgusä Nägäst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkosi" title="Nkosi">Nkosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Royal_Majesty" title="Imperial and Royal Majesty">Imperial and Royal Majesty</a> (HI&RM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Most_Faithful_Majesty" title="Imperial and Most Faithful Majesty">Imperial and Most Faithful Majesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Majesty" title="Imperial Majesty">Imperial Majesty</a> (HIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Majesty" title="Apostolic Majesty">Apostolic Majesty</a> (HAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Catholicissimus" title="Rex Catholicissimus">Catholic Majesty</a> (HCM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_French_sovereign#Most_Christian_King" title="Style of the French sovereign">Most Christian Majesty</a> (HMCM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_Faithful_Majesty" title="Most Faithful Majesty">Most Faithful Majesty</a> (HFM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Majesty" title="Orthodox Majesty">Orthodox Majesty</a> (HOM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannic_Majesty" title="Britannic Majesty">Britannic Majesty</a> (HBM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_Excellent_Majesty" title="Most Excellent Majesty">Most Excellent Majesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_Gracious_Majesty" title="Most Gracious Majesty">Most Gracious Majesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">Royal Majesty</a> (HRM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">Majesty</a> (HM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_(style)" title="Grace (style)">Grace</a> (HG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">Royal Highness</a> (HRH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monseigneur" title="Monseigneur">Monseigneur</a> (Msgr)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Eminence" class="mw-redirect" title="His Eminence">Most Eminent Highness</a> (HMEH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exalted_Highness" class="mw-redirect" title="Exalted Highness">Exalted Highness</a> (HEH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">Highness</a> (HH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serene_Highness" title="Serene Highness">Serene Highness</a> (HSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrious_Highness" title="Illustrious Highness">Illustrious Highness</a> (HIll.H)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Excellency</a> (HE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Excellent" title="The Most Excellent">Most Excellent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Illustrious" title="The Most Illustrious">Most Illustrious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochgeboren" title="Hochgeboren">Hochgeboren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochwohlgeboren" title="Hochwohlgeboren">Hochwohlgeboren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wohlgeboren" title="Wohlgeboren">Wohlgeboren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Much_Honoured" title="The Much Honoured">Much Honoured</a> (The Much Hon.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milord" title="Milord">Milord</a> (Millourt)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pater_Patriae" title="Pater Patriae">Pater Patriae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_(title)" title="Augustus (title)">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastos" title="Sebastos">Sebastos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominus_(title)" title="Dominus (title)">Dominus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mepe" title="Mepe">Mepe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Royal_Highness" title="Imperial and Royal Highness">Imperial and Royal Highness</a> (HI&RH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Highness" title="Imperial Highness">Imperial Highness</a> (HIH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">Royal Highness</a> (HRH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Highness" title="Grand Ducal Highness">Grand Ducal Highness</a> (HGDH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">Highness</a> (HH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducal_Serene_Highness" title="Ducal Serene Highness">Ducal Serene Highness</a> (HDSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serene_Highness" title="Serene Highness">Serene Highness</a> (HSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenity_(style)" title="Serenity (style)">Serenity</a> (HS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrious_Highness" title="Illustrious Highness">Illustrious Highness</a> (HIll.H)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_(style)" title="Grace (style)">Grace</a> (HG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Excellency</a> (HE)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_(honorific)" title="Don (honorific)">Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senhor" title="Senhor">Senhor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Most_Serene_Republic" title="Most Serene Republic">Most Serene Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghatur" title="Baghatur">Baghatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duli_Yang_Maha_Mulia" title="Duli Yang Maha Mulia">Duli Yang Maha Mulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_king" title="Great king">Great king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings" title="King of Kings">King of Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Mikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogun" title="Shogun">Shogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Heaven" title="Son of Heaven">Son of Heaven</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_the_Two_Holy_Mosques" title="Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques">Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrat" title="Hadrat">Hadrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanic_Highness" title="Sultanic Highness">Sultanic Highness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_French_sovereign" title="Style of the French sovereign">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Georgian_sovereign" title="Style of the Georgian sovereign">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Dutch_sovereign" title="Style of the Dutch sovereign">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Portuguese_sovereign" title="Style of the Portuguese sovereign">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Serbian_sovereign" title="Style of the Serbian sovereign">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Swedish_sovereign" title="Style of the Swedish sovereign">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_British_sovereign" title="Style of the British sovereign">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Style_and_title_of_the_Canadian_sovereign" title="Style and title of the Canadian sovereign">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Scottish_sovereign" title="Style of the Scottish sovereign">Scotland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By_the_Grace_of_God" title="By the Grace of God">By the Grace of God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Faith" title="Defender of the Faith">Defender of the Faith</a> (<i>Fidei defensor</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon" title="Godfrey of Bouillon">Defender of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Roman_Emperor" title="Last Roman Emperor">Great Catholic Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_sovereign_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current sovereign monarchs">List of current sovereign monarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent monarchs">List of current constituent monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_king" title="Sacred king">Sacred king</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Translatio_imperii" title="Translatio imperii">Translatio imperii</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_title" title="Victory title">Victory title</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Royalty_and_Nobility" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Royalty and Nobility">Wikipedia:WikiProject Royalty and Nobility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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