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It's been well-established that numerous English philosophies produced during the empire relate racial superiority with industrialization in a keen and accurate fashion.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"65424150"},"document_type":"draft","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Final Submission of Jack Linardos Semester I Humanities Final Essay","broadcastable":true,"draft":true,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [170741802]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div 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class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Final Submission of Jack Linardos Semester I Humanities Final Essay</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="170741802" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JackLinardos"><img alt="Profile image of Jack Linardos" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/170741802/50642840/38676836/s65_jack.linardos.png" />Jack Linardos</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" 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To a lesser or greater degree, many people nowadays believe that different human ‘races’ exist and are that these ‘races’ are characterised by distinctive and unchangeable features. Over the course of time, such convictions have led to the creation of racially-based stereotypes. These stereotypes have resulted in the formation of many barriers of inequality and exclusion among different ethnicities. To remove these barriers, it is crucial to understand that ideas revolving around the concept of ‘race’ do not stem from ‘natural’, objective or scientifically-proven findings, but have historical origins and fulfil precise requirements. In order to gain this understanding, I will explore in this essay how notions of ‘race’ were reformulated during the ‘age of Enlightenment’ through theories that, masked with the pretexts of ‘reason’ and ‘scientific’ study, were in fact aimed at legitimising Europe’s thirst for power, land and wealth overseas. This culminated in violent and repressive policies such as slavery and colonialism. The success of European colonial policy has led directly to the current powerful status of ‘the West ’, the mis- or under-representation of certain ethnicities in the social, cultural and political arena, and high levels of racial inequality and exclusion. In the second part of this essay, I will exemplify the historical treatment of the Australian Aboriginals to illustrate the above argument. I will demonstrate that the Aboriginal ‘race’ was an invention of the European colonial machine. By creating a stereotype of the Aboriginal people as lesser, incapable beings that needed to be controlled and protected by ‘paternal’ interventions, the West succeeded in excluding them from discourses around power, and in so doing strengthened and legitimised the newly founded white settler society. By discussing the case of Australian Aboriginals I also intend to explore more closely how the Enlightenment attitude portrayed indigenous people as objects of scientific study and anthropological curiosity, with particular emphasis on sexuality.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"How were ideas of ‘race’ reformulated during the ‘age of Enlightenment’","attachmentId":50682026,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30222859/How_were_ideas_of_race_reformulated_during_the_age_of_Enlightenment_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30222859/How_were_ideas_of_race_reformulated_during_the_age_of_Enlightenment_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="120415705" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120415705/Racism_M_Eliav_Feldon_B_Isaac_J_Ziegler_edd_The_Origins_of_Racism_in_the_West_Pp_xiv_333_ills_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_2009_Cased_55_US_99_ISBN_978_0521_88855_4">Racism - (M.) Eliav-Feldon, (B.) Isaac, (J.) Ziegler (edd.) The Origins of Racism in the West. Pp. xiv + 333, ills. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Cased, £55, US$99. ISBN: 978-0521-88855-4</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3256798" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/JeremyMcInerney">Jeremy McInerney</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Classical Review, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Racism - (M.) Eliav-Feldon, (B.) Isaac, (J.) Ziegler (edd.) The Origins of Racism in the West. Pp. xiv + 333, ills. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Cased, £55, US$99. ISBN: 978-0521-88855-4","attachmentId":115572468,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120415705/Racism_M_Eliav_Feldon_B_Isaac_J_Ziegler_edd_The_Origins_of_Racism_in_the_West_Pp_xiv_333_ills_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_2009_Cased_55_US_99_ISBN_978_0521_88855_4","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120415705/Racism_M_Eliav_Feldon_B_Isaac_J_Ziegler_edd_The_Origins_of_Racism_in_the_West_Pp_xiv_333_ills_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_2009_Cased_55_US_99_ISBN_978_0521_88855_4"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="38496319" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38496319/Syllabus_Inventing_Race_in_the_British_Empire">Syllabus: Inventing Race in the British Empire</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30615720" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/ZakLeonard">Zak Leonard</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This course reveals how the British encounter with racial difference in the Caribbean, Australasia, and India could both validate and subvert the project of empire-building. We will begin by examining the ways in which ethnographical and anthropological societies in the metropole clashed over the question of racial differentiation in the nineteenth century. We will then determine how these “scientific” theories of race were deployed in colonial settings; did they inform relations between colonized and settler populations, or did the local states innovate novel race-based policies to undergird their rule? By investigating how an array of actors instrumentally invoked race to accomplish specific objectives, we will further deconstruct the narrative of a unitary, overarching “civilizing mission.” A host of primary sources, including anthropological treatises, missionary accounts, public speeches, and fictional works, will aid us in this pursuit.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Syllabus: Inventing Race in the British Empire","attachmentId":67466854,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38496319/Syllabus_Inventing_Race_in_the_British_Empire","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38496319/Syllabus_Inventing_Race_in_the_British_Empire"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":65424150,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":65424150,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_65424150" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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