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</div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ptolemaic dynasty</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Ptolemaic_dynasty" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ptolemaic+dynasty" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>Ptolemaic dynasty</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Πτολεμαῖοι</span>, <i>Ptolemaioi</i>), also known as the <b>Lagid dynasty</b> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Λαγίδαι</span></span>, <i>Lagidai</i>; after <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy I">Ptolemy I</a>'s father, <a href="/wiki/Lagus" title="Lagus">Lagus</a>), was a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonians" title="Ancient Macedonians">Macedonian Greek</a><sup id='cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2006xiii:_"They_were_members_of_the_Ptolemaic_dynasty_of_Macedonian_Greeks,_who_ruled_Egypt_after_the_death_of_its_conqueror,_Alexander_the_Great"_1-0' class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2006xiii:_%22They_were_members_of_the_Ptolemaic_dynasty_of_Macedonian_Greeks,_who_ruled_Egypt_after_the_death_of_its_conqueror,_Alexander_the_Great%22-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id='cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJeffreys2005488:_"Ptolemaic_kings_were_still_crowned_at_Memphis_and_the_city_was_popularly_regarded_as_the_Egyptian_rival_to_Alexandria,_founded_by_the_Macedonian_Greeks"_2-0' class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJeffreys2005488:_%22Ptolemaic_kings_were_still_crowned_at_Memphis_and_the_city_was_popularly_regarded_as_the_Egyptian_rival_to_Alexandria,_founded_by_the_Macedonian_Greeks%22-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id='cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobins2001108:_"...Cleopatra_VII,_the_last_member_of_the_Greek_Ptolemaic_dynasty_to_govern_Egypt._Although_the_Ptolemies_were_not_only_Greek_by_origin_but_also_by_culture,_they_adopted_from_the_Egyptians_the_custom_of_royal_brother-sister_marriage"_3-0' class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobins2001108:_%22...Cleopatra_VII,_the_last_member_of_the_Greek_Ptolemaic_dynasty_to_govern_Egypt._Although_the_Ptolemies_were_not_only_Greek_by_origin_but_also_by_culture,_they_adopted_from_the_Egyptians_the_custom_of_royal_brother-sister_marriage%22-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id='cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthern200943:_"The_Ptolemaic_dynasty,_of_which_Cleopatra_was_the_last_representative_(...)_stemmed_from_Ptolemy_Soter,_a_Macedonian_Greek_in_the_entourage_of_Alexander_the_Great"_4-0' class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthern200943:_%22The_Ptolemaic_dynasty,_of_which_Cleopatra_was_the_last_representative_(...)_stemmed_from_Ptolemy_Soter,_a_Macedonian_Greek_in_the_entourage_of_Alexander_the_Great%22-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> royal house which ruled the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>. Reigning for 275 years, the Ptolemaic was the longest and last <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Dynasties of ancient Egypt">dynasty of ancient Egypt</a> from 305 BC until its incorporation into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> in 30 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones20063_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones20063-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Ptolemies<br><div style="display:inline;" class="nickname">Πτολεμαῖοι</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Royal_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal house">Royal house</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Ca1.png?0f9ce" height="44" title="<" alt="<"></td><td><table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr><td class="mw-hiero-box" style="height: 2px;"></td></tr><tr><td><table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Q3.png?42130" height="15" title="Q3 [p]" alt="p"><br><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1 [t]" alt="t"></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V4.png?e648c" height="36" title="V4 [wA]" alt="wA"></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_E23.png?e613a" height="15" title="E23 [l]" alt="l"><br><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Aa15.png?721ae" height="10" title="Aa15 [M]" alt="M"></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i"></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i"></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S29.png?58979" height="38" title="S29 [s]" alt="s"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td class="mw-hiero-box" style="height: 2px;"></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><img class="skin-invert" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Ca2.png?3dadc" height="44" title=">" alt=">"></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemaic_eagle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ptolemaic_eagle.png/220px-Ptolemaic_eagle.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ptolemaic_eagle.png/330px-Ptolemaic_eagle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ptolemaic_eagle.png/440px-Ptolemaic_eagle.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Eagle_of_Zeus" title="Eagle of Zeus">Eagle of Zeus</a> was the traditional symbol of Ptolemaic Egypt</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Ancient Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Ancient Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">305 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final ruler</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XV" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XV">Ptolemy XV</a><br><small>(Egypt)</small><br><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Philadelphus_(son_of_Cleopatra)" title="Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)">Ptolemy XVI</a><br><small>(Syria)</small><br><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_of_Mauretania" title="Ptolemy of Mauretania">Ptolemy of Mauretania</a><br><small>(<a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final head</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Drusilla_(daughter_of_Ptolemy_of_Mauretania)" title="Drusilla (daughter of Ptolemy of Mauretania)">Drusilla</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Titles</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a><br> Basileus of Egypt<br>King of Macedonia <br> King of Mauretania Caesariensis<br> King of Syria <br> King of Cyrene</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolution</th><td class="infobox-data">AD 79</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deposition</th><td class="infobox-data">279 BC <small>(Macedon)</small><br>30 BC <small>(Egypt)</small><br>AD 40 <small>(Mauretania)</small></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <p><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy</a>, a general and one of the <i><a href="/wiki/Somatophylakes" title="Somatophylakes">somatophylakes</a></i> (bodyguard companions) of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, was appointed <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a> after Alexander's death in 323 BC. In 305 BC he declared himself Pharaoh Ptolemy I, later known as <i>Sōter</i> "Saviour". The <a href="/wiki/Egyptians" title="Egyptians">Egyptians</a> soon accepted the Ptolemies as the successors to the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaohs</a> of independent Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new dynasty adopted the Egyptian titles and iconography, showing respect to local traditions, while also preserving their own <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Greek language</a> and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthern200943–44_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthern200943%E2%80%9344-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones20063_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones20063-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ptolemaic period was marked by the intense interactions and blending of the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Egypt" title="Culture of Egypt">Egyptian</a> cultures.<sup id='cite_ref-FOOTNOTERutherford20164:_"The_second_[phase_of_relationship_between_Greek_and_Egyptian_culture]_begins_when_Egypt_is_taken_over_by_a_Greek-speaking_elite_in_the_last_decades_of_the_fourth_century._From_then_on,_the_two_cultures_coexisted,_which_inevitably_resulted_in_interactions_and_mutual_influence_between_them"_10-0' class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERutherford20164:_%22The_second_%5Bphase_of_relationship_between_Greek_and_Egyptian_culture%5D_begins_when_Egypt_is_taken_over_by_a_Greek-speaking_elite_in_the_last_decades_of_the_fourth_century._From_then_on,_the_two_cultures_coexisted,_which_inevitably_resulted_in_interactions_and_mutual_influence_between_them%22-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the Ptolemies, <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_religion" title="Hellenistic religion">Hellenistic religion</a> was largely shaped by <a href="/wiki/Religious_syncretism" title="Religious syncretism">religious syncretism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Ruler_cults" title="Hellenistic religion">imperial cult</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2009419_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2009419-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id='cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney201395–100"Cults"_12-0' class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney201395%E2%80%93100%22Cults%22-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elements of Greek education became widespread in urban spaces, culminating in the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Mouseion" title="Mouseion">Mouseion</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria" title="Library of Alexandria">Library of Alexandria</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Serapeum_of_Alexandria" title="Serapeum of Alexandria">Serapeum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolbl200184_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolbl200184-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Hellenistic period, the city of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> founded by Alexander the Great would gradually surpass <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> taking its place as the intellectual centre of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones200610_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones200610-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To emulate the previous dynasties of Egypt, the Ptolemaic dynasty eventually adopted the practice of <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding" title="Inbreeding">inbreeding</a> including <a href="/wiki/Sibling_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibling marriage">sibling marriage</a>;<sup id='cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobins108:_"...they_adopted_from_the_Egyptians_the_custom_of_royal_brother-sister_marriage"_15-0' class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobins108:_%22...they_adopted_from_the_Egyptians_the_custom_of_royal_brother-sister_marriage%22-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this did not start in earnest until nearly a century into the dynasty's history.<sup id="cite_ref-avclub_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avclub-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the male rulers of the dynasty took the name <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_(name)" title="Ptolemy (name)">Ptolemy</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">queens regnant</a> were all called <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(given_name)" title="Cleopatra (given name)">Cleopatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Arsinoe (disambiguation)">Arsinoe</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Berenice" title="Berenice">Berenice</a>. The most famous member of the line was the last queen, <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a>, known for her role in the <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar's Civil War">Roman political battles</a> between <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>, and later between <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Octavian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Cleopatra" title="Death of Cleopatra">Her apparent suicide</a> after the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Actium" title="War of Actium">Roman conquest of Egypt</a> marked the end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Rulers_and_consorts"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Rulers and consorts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Family_tree"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Family tree</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Other_notable_members_of_the_Ptolemaic_dynasty"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Other notable members of the Ptolemaic dynasty</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Health"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Health</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Rulers_and_consorts">Rulers and consorts<span class="anchor" id="Rulers"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rulers and consorts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a> (303–282 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> married first <a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AFs" title="Thaïs">Thaïs</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Artakama" title="Artakama">Artakama</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Eurydice_of_Egypt" title="Eurydice of Egypt">Eurydice</a>, and finally <a href="/wiki/Berenice_I_of_Egypt" title="Berenice I of Egypt">Berenice I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a> (285–246 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> married <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_I" title="Arsinoe I">Arsinoe I</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a>; ruled jointly with <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Epigonos" title="Ptolemy Epigonos">Ptolemy Epigonos</a> (267–259 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a> (246–221 BC) married <a href="/wiki/Berenice_II_of_Egypt" title="Berenice II of Egypt">Berenice II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a> (221–203 BC) married <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_of_Egypt" title="Arsinoe III of Egypt">Arsinoe III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a> (203–181 BC) married <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I Syra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a> (181–164 BC, 163–145 BC) married <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra II of Egypt">Cleopatra II</a>, briefly ruled jointly with <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Eupator" title="Ptolemy Eupator">Ptolemy Eupator</a> in 152 BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a> (possibly never reigned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Physcon</a> (170–163 BC, 145–116 BC) married Cleopatra II, then <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra III of Egypt">Cleopatra III</a>; temporarily expelled from Alexandria by Cleopatra II from 131 to 127 BC, then reconciled with her in 124 BC.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra II of Egypt">Cleopatra II Philometor Soteira</a> (131–127 BC), in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Physcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Apion" title="Ptolemy Apion">Ptolemy Apion</a> (c. 120–96 BC), son of Ptolemy VIII. Last Ptolemaic king of <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra III of Egypt">Cleopatra III Philometor Soteira Dikaiosyne Nikephoros (Kokke)</a> (116–101 BC) ruled jointly with <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Lathyros</a> (116–107 BC) and <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander I</a> (107–101 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Lathyros</a> (116–107 BC, 88–81 BC as Soter II) married <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra IV of Egypt">Cleopatra IV</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_of_Syria" title="Cleopatra Selene of Syria">Cleopatra Selene</a>; ruled jointly with Cleopatra III in his first reign</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander I</a> (107–88 BC) married Cleopatra Selene, then <a href="/wiki/Berenice_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice III of Egypt">Berenice III</a>; ruled jointly with Cleopatra III till 101 BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice III of Egypt">Berenice III Philopator</a> (81–80 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI Alexander II</a> (80 BC) married and ruled jointly with Berenice III before murdering her; ruled alone for 19 days after that.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes)</a> (80–58 BC, 55–51 BC) married <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra V of Egypt">Cleopatra V Tryphaena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI" title="Cleopatra VI">Cleopatra VI Tryphaena</a> (58–57 BC) ruled jointly with <a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV Epiphaneia</a> (58–55 BC), possibly identical with <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V Tryphaena</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a> ("Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator", 51–30 BC) ruled jointly with <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator</a> (51–47 BC), <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XIV of Egypt">Ptolemy XIV</a> (47–44 BC) and <a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a> (44–30 BC).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoe IV of Egypt">Arsinoe IV</a> (48–47 BC), in opposition to Cleopatra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_of_Mauretania" title="Ptolemy of Mauretania">Ptolemy of Mauretania</a> (13 or 9 BC–AD 40) Client king and ruler of <a href="/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> for Rome</li></ul> <p>Dates in brackets on the <a href="/wiki/Cup_of_the_Ptolemies" title="Cup of the Ptolemies">Cup of the Ptolemies</a> represent the regnal dates of the Ptolemaic pharaohs. They frequently ruled jointly with their wives, who were often also their sisters, aunts or cousins. Several queens exercised regal authority. Of these, one of the last and most famous was <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a> ("Cleopatra VII Philopator", 51–30 BC), with her two brothers and her son serving as successive nominal <a href="/wiki/Coregency" title="Coregency">co-rulers</a>. Several systems exist for numbering the later rulers; the one used here is the one most widely employed by modern scholars. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family tree" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Special:EditPage/Ptolemaic dynasty">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible expanded" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:100%; width:100%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:100%">Ptolemaic family tree </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Lagus" title="Lagus">Lagus</a> of Eordea, Macedon</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_of_Macedon" title="Arsinoe of Macedon">Arsinoe of Macedon</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I<br>Soter</a></b> <br>(Kg 303–282 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Berenice_I_of_Egypt" title="Berenice I of Egypt">Berenice I</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Philip_(husband_of_Berenice_I_of_Egypt)" title="Philip (husband of Berenice I of Egypt)">Philip</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II<br>Philadelphus</a></b> <br>(Kg. 285–246 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_I" title="Arsinoe I">Arsinoe I</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Magas_of_Cyrene" title="Magas of Cyrene">Magas<br>of Cyrene</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Apama_II" title="Apama II">Apama II</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III<br>Euergetes</a></b> <br>(Kg. 246–221 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Berenice_II_of_Egypt" title="Berenice II of Egypt">Berenice II</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV<br>Philopator</a></b> <br>(Kg. 221–203 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_of_Egypt" title="Arsinoe III of Egypt">Arsinoe III</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V<br>Epiphanes</a></b> <br>(Kg. 203–181 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I<br>Syra</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI<br>Philometor</a></b> <br>(Kg. 181–164 BC,<br> 163–145 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra II of Egypt">Cleopatra II</a></b> <br>(Qn. 131–127 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII<br>Physcon</a></b> <br>(Kg. 170–163 BC,<br> 145–116 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Eirene</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII<br>Neos Philopator</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra III of Egypt">Cleopatra III</a></b> <br>(Qn, 116–101 BC)</td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Ptolemy<br>Memphites</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Apion" title="Ptolemy Apion">Ptolemy Apion</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra IV of Egypt">Cleopatra IV</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX<br>Lathyros</a></b> <br>(Kg. 116–107 BC,<br> as Soter II 88–81 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_of_Syria" title="Cleopatra Selene of Syria">Cleopatra<br>Selene</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X<br>Alexander I</a></b> <br>(Kg. 107–88 BC)</td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII<br>Auletes</a></b> <br>(Kg. 80–58 BC,<br> 55–51 BC)</td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice III of Egypt">Berenice III</a></b> <br>(Qn. 81–80 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI<br>Alexander II</a></b> <br>(Kg. 80 BC, <br>for 19 days)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra V of Egypt">Cleopatra V</a></b> <br>(Qn. 58–55 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VI of Egypt">Cleopatra VI</a></b> <br>(Qn. 58 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV</a></b> <br>(Qn. 58–55 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII<br>Theos Philopator</a></b> <br>(Kg. 51–47 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII<br>Thea Philopator</a></b> <br>(Qn. 51–30 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XIV of Egypt">Ptolemy XIV</a></b> <br>(Kg. 47–44 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoe IV of Egypt">Arsinoe IV</a></b> <br>(Qn. 48–47 BC)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius<br> Caesar</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark<br> Antony</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV<br>Caesarion</a></b> <br>(Kg. 44–30 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Helios" title="Alexander Helios">Alexander<br> Helios</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Philadelphus_(son_of_Cleopatra)" title="Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)">Ptolemy <br>Philadelphus</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra<br>Selene II</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_of_Mauretania" title="Ptolemy of Mauretania">Ptolemy of <br>Mauretania</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible expanded" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:60em; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:auto">Detailed Ptolemaic family tree </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Antipater" title="Antipater">Antipater</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Lagus" title="Lagus">Lagus</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_of_Macedon" title="Arsinoe of Macedon">Arsinoe of Macedon</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Eurydice_of_Egypt" title="Eurydice of Egypt">Eurydice</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br> <b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I<br>Soter</a></b> <br>(Kg 303–282 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Berenice_I_of_Egypt" title="Berenice I of Egypt">Berenice I</a><br><small>(∞ <a href="/wiki/Philip_(husband_of_Berenice_I_of_Egypt)" title="Philip (husband of Berenice I of Egypt)">Philip</a><br>↓<br><a href="/wiki/Magas_of_Cyrene" title="Magas of Cyrene">Magas<br>of Cyrene</a><br>∞ <a href="/wiki/Apama_II" title="Apama II">Apama II</a><br>↓<br><i>See below: <b>Berenice II</b></i>)</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Lysandra" title="Lysandra">Lysandra</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemais_(daughter_of_Ptolemy_I_Soter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ptolemais (daughter of Ptolemy I Soter) (page does not exist)">Ptolemais</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Ceraunus" title="Ptolemy Ceraunus">Ptolemy Ceraunus</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II<br>Philadelphus</a></b> <br>(Kg. 285–246 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_I" title="Arsinoe I">Arsinoe I</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Berenice_II_of_Egypt" title="Berenice II of Egypt">Berenice II of Egypt</a><br><small>(<i>daughter of<br>Magas of Cyrene,<br>see above: <b>Berenice I</b></i>)</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III<br>Euergetes</a></b> <br>(Kg. 246–221 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Berenice_(Seleucid_queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice (Seleucid queen)">Berenice Syra</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_the_Great" title="Antiochus III the Great">Antiochus III the Great</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_of_Egypt" title="Arsinoe III of Egypt">Arsinoe III</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV<br>Philopator</a></b> <br>(Kg. 221–203 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I<br>Syra</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br> <b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V<br>Epiphanes</a></b> <br>(Kg. 203–181 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI<br>Philometor</a></b> <br>(Kg. 181–164 BC,<br> 163-145 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra II of Egypt">Cleopatra II</a></b> <br>(Qn. 131–127 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br> <b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII<br>Physcon</a></b> <br>(Kg. 170–163 BC,<br> 145–116 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Eirene ?</i></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Eupator" title="Ptolemy Eupator">Ptolemy Eupator</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Thea" title="Cleopatra Thea">Cleopatra Thea</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII<br>Neos Philopator</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra III of Egypt">Cleopatra III</a></b> <br>(Qn, 116–101 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Ptolemy<br>Memphites</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Apion" title="Ptolemy Apion">Ptolemy Apion</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Tryphaena" title="Tryphaena">Cleopatra Tryphaena</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra IV of Egypt">Cleopatra IV</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX<br>Lathyros</a></b> <br>(Kg. 116–107 BC,<br> as Soter II 88–81 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_of_Syria" title="Cleopatra Selene of Syria">Cleopatra V<br>Selene</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X<br>Alexander I</a></b> <br>(Kg. 107–88 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>?</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice III of Egypt">Berenice III</a></b> <br>(Qn. 81–80 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br> <b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI<br>Alexander II</a></b> <br>(Kg. 80 BC, <br>for 19 days)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_of_Cyprus" title="Ptolemy of Cyprus">Ptolemy of Cyprus</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br> <b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII<br>Auletes</a></b> <br>(Kg. 80–58 BC,<br> 55–51 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VI of Egypt">Cleopatra VI</a></b> <br>(Qn. 58 BC)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><b><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV</a></b> <br>(Qn. 58–55 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br> <b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII<br>Theos Philopator</a></b> <br>(Kg. 51–47 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><b><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII<br>Thea Philopator</a></b> <br>(Qn. 51–30 BC)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XIV of Egypt">Ptolemy XIV</a></b> <br>(Kg. 47–44 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoe IV of Egypt">Arsinoe IV</a></b> <br>(Qn. 48–47 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius<br> Caesar</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark<br> Antony</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/25px-Double_crown.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/38px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/50px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br> <b><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV<br>Caesarion</a></b> <br>(Kg. 44–30 BC)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Helios" title="Alexander Helios">Alexander<br> Helios</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra<br>Selene II</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II<br>of Mauretania</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Philadelphus_(son_of_Cleopatra)" title="Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)">Ptolemy Philadelphus</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_of_Mauretania" title="Ptolemy of Mauretania">Ptolemy of <br>Mauretania</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_notable_members_of_the_Ptolemaic_dynasty">Other notable members of the Ptolemaic dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other notable members of the Ptolemaic dynasty" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_painting_from_Room_H_of_the_Villa_of_P._Fannius_Synistor_at_Boscoreale_MET_DP105943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wall_painting_from_Room_H_of_the_Villa_of_P._Fannius_Synistor_at_Boscoreale_MET_DP105943.jpg/204px-Wall_painting_from_Room_H_of_the_Villa_of_P._Fannius_Synistor_at_Boscoreale_MET_DP105943.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="205" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3762" data-file-height="3785"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 204px;height: 205px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wall_painting_from_Room_H_of_the_Villa_of_P._Fannius_Synistor_at_Boscoreale_MET_DP105943.jpg/204px-Wall_painting_from_Room_H_of_the_Villa_of_P._Fannius_Synistor_at_Boscoreale_MET_DP105943.jpg" data-width="204" data-height="205" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wall_painting_from_Room_H_of_the_Villa_of_P._Fannius_Synistor_at_Boscoreale_MET_DP105943.jpg/306px-Wall_painting_from_Room_H_of_the_Villa_of_P._Fannius_Synistor_at_Boscoreale_MET_DP105943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wall_painting_from_Room_H_of_the_Villa_of_P._Fannius_Synistor_at_Boscoreale_MET_DP105943.jpg/408px-Wall_painting_from_Room_H_of_the_Villa_of_P._Fannius_Synistor_at_Boscoreale_MET_DP105943.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A seated woman in a fresco from the Roman <a href="/wiki/Villa_Boscoreale" title="Villa Boscoreale">Villa Boscoreale</a>, dated mid-1st century BC. It likely represents <a href="/wiki/Berenice_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice II">Berenice II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Egypt">Ptolemaic Egypt</a> wearing a <i>stephane</i> (i.e. royal <a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">diadem</a>) on her head.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Keraunos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy Keraunos">Ptolemy Keraunos</a> (died 279 BC) – eldest son of Ptolemy I Soter. Eventually became king of Macedonia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Apion" title="Ptolemy Apion">Ptolemy Apion</a> (died 96 BC) – son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. Made king of <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a>. Bequeathed Cyrenaica to Rome.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Philadelphus_(son_of_Cleopatra)" title="Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)">Ptolemy Philadelphus</a> (born 36 BC) – son of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a> and Cleopatra VII.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_of_Mauretania" title="Ptolemy of Mauretania">Ptolemy of Mauretania</a> (died 40 AD) – son of King <a href="/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Numidia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a>, daughter of Cleopatra VII and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. King of Mauretania.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_of_Telmessos" title="Ptolemy II of Telmessos">Ptolemy II of Telmessos</a>, grandson of Ptolemy Epigonos, flourished second half of 3rd century BC and first half of 2nd century BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_of_Cyprus" title="Ptolemy of Cyprus">Ptolemy of Cyprus</a>, king of Cyprus c. 80–58 BC, younger brother of Ptolemy XII Auletes</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Health" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Incest#Antiquity" title="Incest">Incest § Antiquity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding#Royalty_and_nobility" title="Inbreeding">Inbreeding § Royalty and nobility</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolem%C3%A4er-Kameo_KHM_IXa_81.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ptolem%C3%A4er-Kameo_KHM_IXa_81.jpg/205px-Ptolem%C3%A4er-Kameo_KHM_IXa_81.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="206" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2009" data-file-height="2020"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 205px;height: 206px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ptolem%C3%A4er-Kameo_KHM_IXa_81.jpg/205px-Ptolem%C3%A4er-Kameo_KHM_IXa_81.jpg" data-width="205" data-height="206" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ptolem%C3%A4er-Kameo_KHM_IXa_81.jpg/307px-Ptolem%C3%A4er-Kameo_KHM_IXa_81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ptolem%C3%A4er-Kameo_KHM_IXa_81.jpg/410px-Ptolem%C3%A4er-Kameo_KHM_IXa_81.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cameo_(carving)" title="Cameo (carving)">Cameo</a> of Ptolemaic rulers (<a href="/wiki/Kunsthistorisches_Museum" title="Kunsthistorisches Museum">Kunsthistorisches Museum</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Continuing the tradition established by previous <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptian_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Egyptian dynasties">Egyptian dynasties</a>, the Ptolemies engaged in <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding" title="Inbreeding">inbreeding</a> including <a href="/wiki/Sibling_relationship#Sibling_marriage_and_incest" title="Sibling relationship">sibling marriage</a>, with many of the pharaohs being married to their siblings and often co-ruling with them.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ptolemy I and other early rulers of the dynasty were not married to their relatives, the childless marriage of siblings <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being an exception. The first child-producing incestuous marriage in the Ptolemaic dynasty was that of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_of_Egypt" title="Arsinoe III of Egypt">Arsinoe III</a>, who were succeeded as co-pharaohs by their son <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V</a>, born 210 BC. The best-known Ptolemaic pharaoh, <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a>, was at different times married to and ruled with two of her brothers (<a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII</a> until 47 BC and then <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XIV of Egypt">Ptolemy XIV</a> until 44 BC), and their parents were also likely to have been siblings or possibly cousins.<sup id="cite_ref-avclub_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avclub-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II,_III_sec._ac._(alessandria),_da_hermitage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg/205px-Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="260" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2156"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 205px;height: 260px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg/205px-Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg" data-width="205" data-height="260" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg/307px-Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg/410px-Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_Cameo" title="Gonzaga Cameo">Gonzaga Cameo</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Contemporaries describe a number of the Ptolemaic dynasty members as <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">extremely obese</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculptures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coins</a> reveal prominent eyes and swollen necks. Familial <a href="/wiki/Graves%27_disease" title="Graves' disease">Graves' disease</a> could explain the swollen necks and eye prominence (<a href="/wiki/Exophthalmos" title="Exophthalmos">exophthalmos</a>), although this is unlikely to occur in the presence of morbid obesity. This is all likely due to <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding_depression" title="Inbreeding depression">inbreeding depression</a>. In view of the familial nature of these findings, members of the Ptolemaic dynasty are likely to have suffered from a multi-organ fibrotic condition such as <a href="/wiki/Erdheim%E2%80%93Chester_disease" title="Erdheim–Chester disease">Erdheim–Chester disease</a>, or a familial <a href="/wiki/Multifocal_fibrosclerosis" title="Multifocal fibrosclerosis">multifocal fibrosclerosis</a> where thyroiditis, obesity and ocular proptosis may have all occurred concurrently.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy I, founder of the dynasty."><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy I, founder of the dynasty." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg/80px-Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="4050"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg/80px-Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg" data-alt="Ptolemy I, founder of the dynasty." data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg/120px-Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg/160px-Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ptolemy I, founder of the dynasty.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy II"><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg/90px-Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2812" data-file-height="3750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg/90px-Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg" data-alt="Ptolemy II" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg/135px-Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg/180px-Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ptolemy II</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy III"><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg/69px-Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2898"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 69px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg/69px-Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg" data-alt="Ptolemy III" data-width="69" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg/104px-Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg/139px-Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ptolemy III</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PtolemyIV-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy IV"><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PtolemyIV-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/76px-PtolemyIV-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1059" data-file-height="1669"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 76px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PtolemyIV-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/76px-PtolemyIV-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" data-alt="Ptolemy IV" data-width="76" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PtolemyIV-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/114px-PtolemyIV-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PtolemyIV-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/152px-PtolemyIV-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ptolemy IV</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemaeus_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy V"><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ptolemaeus_V.jpg/120px-Ptolemaeus_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="161" data-file-height="150"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 112px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ptolemaeus_V.jpg/120px-Ptolemaeus_V.jpg" data-alt="Ptolemy V" data-width="120" data-height="112" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Ptolemaeus_V.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ptolemy V</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_(3rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE)_-_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy VI"><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy VI" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg/92px-Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1499"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 92px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg/92px-Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg" data-alt="Ptolemy VI" data-width="92" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg/139px-Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg/185px-Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ptolemy VI</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cleopatra_II_and_III_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cleopatra II (right)"><noscript><img alt="Cleopatra II (right)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cleopatra_II_and_III_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg/77px-Cleopatra_II_and_III_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1752"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 77px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cleopatra_II_and_III_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg/77px-Cleopatra_II_and_III_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg" data-alt="Cleopatra II (right)" data-width="77" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cleopatra_II_and_III_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg/115px-Cleopatra_II_and_III_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cleopatra_II_and_III_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg/154px-Cleopatra_II_and_III_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cleopatra II (right)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_of_Ptolemy_VIII_in_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy VIII"><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy VIII" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Relief_of_Ptolemy_VIII_in_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg/80px-Relief_of_Ptolemy_VIII_in_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="505"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Relief_of_Ptolemy_VIII_in_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg/80px-Relief_of_Ptolemy_VIII_in_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg" data-alt="Ptolemy VIII" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Relief_of_Ptolemy_VIII_in_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg/120px-Relief_of_Ptolemy_VIII_in_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Relief_of_Ptolemy_VIII_in_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg/160px-Relief_of_Ptolemy_VIII_in_Kom_Ombo_Temple.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ptolemy VIII</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edfu29.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy IX"><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy IX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Edfu29.JPG/90px-Edfu29.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Edfu29.JPG/90px-Edfu29.JPG" data-alt="Ptolemy IX" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Edfu29.JPG/135px-Edfu29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Edfu29.JPG/180px-Edfu29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ptolemy IX</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Berlin_112.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy X"><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Berlin_112.jpg/99px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Berlin_112.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="2784"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 99px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Berlin_112.jpg/99px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Berlin_112.jpg" data-alt="Ptolemy X" data-width="99" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Berlin_112.jpg/149px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Berlin_112.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Berlin_112.jpg/199px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Berlin_112.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ptolemy X</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemaeus_XI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy XI"><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy XI" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ptolemaeus_XI.png/113px-Ptolemaeus_XI.png" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="153" data-file-height="163"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 113px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ptolemaeus_XI.png/113px-Ptolemaeus_XI.png" data-alt="Ptolemy XI" data-width="113" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Ptolemaeus_XI.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ptolemy XI</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kom_Ombo_0312.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy XII"><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy XII" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kom_Ombo_0312.JPG/80px-Kom_Ombo_0312.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kom_Ombo_0312.JPG/80px-Kom_Ombo_0312.JPG" data-alt="Ptolemy XII" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kom_Ombo_0312.JPG/120px-Kom_Ombo_0312.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kom_Ombo_0312.JPG/160px-Kom_Ombo_0312.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ptolemy XII</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kom_Ombo_0333.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy XIII and Sekhmet"><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy XIII and Sekhmet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kom_Ombo_0333.JPG/120px-Kom_Ombo_0333.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kom_Ombo_0333.JPG/120px-Kom_Ombo_0333.JPG" data-alt="Ptolemy XIII and Sekhmet" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kom_Ombo_0333.JPG/180px-Kom_Ombo_0333.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kom_Ombo_0333.JPG/240px-Kom_Ombo_0333.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_XIV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy XIV"><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy XIV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ptolemy_XIV.jpg/120px-Ptolemy_XIV.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="143"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 114px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ptolemy_XIV.jpg/120px-Ptolemy_XIV.jpg" data-alt="Ptolemy XIV" data-width="120" data-height="114" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Ptolemy_XIV.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIV Philopator">Ptolemy XIV</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cleopatra_VII_statue_fragment,_69-30_BC_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09761.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cleopatra VII"><noscript><img alt="Cleopatra VII" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cleopatra_VII_statue_fragment%2C_69-30_BC_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09761.JPG/90px-Cleopatra_VII_statue_fragment%2C_69-30_BC_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09761.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cleopatra_VII_statue_fragment%2C_69-30_BC_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09761.JPG/90px-Cleopatra_VII_statue_fragment%2C_69-30_BC_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09761.JPG" data-alt="Cleopatra VII" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cleopatra_VII_statue_fragment%2C_69-30_BC_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09761.JPG/135px-Cleopatra_VII_statue_fragment%2C_69-30_BC_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09761.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cleopatra_VII_statue_fragment%2C_69-30_BC_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09761.JPG/180px-Cleopatra_VII_statue_fragment%2C_69-30_BC_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09761.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denderah4_Cesarion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptolemy XV, commonly called Caesarion."><noscript><img alt="Ptolemy XV, commonly called Caesarion." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Denderah4_Cesarion.jpg/110px-Denderah4_Cesarion.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="407"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Denderah4_Cesarion.jpg/110px-Denderah4_Cesarion.jpg" data-alt="Ptolemy XV, commonly called Caesarion." data-width="110" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Denderah4_Cesarion.jpg/165px-Denderah4_Cesarion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Denderah4_Cesarion.jpg/220px-Denderah4_Cesarion.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ptolemy XV, commonly called Caesarion.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cameo_Ptolemaic_prince_Bab111_CdM_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sardonyx cameo of a Ptolemaic prince as the Greek god Hermes, Cabinet des médailles, Paris."><noscript><img alt="Sardonyx cameo of a Ptolemaic prince as the Greek god Hermes, Cabinet des médailles, Paris." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cameo_Ptolemaic_prince_Bab111_CdM_Paris.jpg/100px-Cameo_Ptolemaic_prince_Bab111_CdM_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2150"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cameo_Ptolemaic_prince_Bab111_CdM_Paris.jpg/100px-Cameo_Ptolemaic_prince_Bab111_CdM_Paris.jpg" data-alt="Sardonyx cameo of a Ptolemaic prince as the Greek god Hermes, Cabinet des médailles, Paris." data-width="100" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cameo_Ptolemaic_prince_Bab111_CdM_Paris.jpg/151px-Cameo_Ptolemaic_prince_Bab111_CdM_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cameo_Ptolemaic_prince_Bab111_CdM_Paris.jpg/201px-Cameo_Ptolemaic_prince_Bab111_CdM_Paris.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sardonyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardonyx">Sardonyx</a> <a href="/wiki/Cameo_(carving)" title="Cameo (carving)">cameo</a> of a Ptolemaic prince as the Greek god <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_des_m%C3%A9dailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet des médailles">Cabinet des médailles</a>, Paris.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Posthumous_painted_portrait_of_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt,_from_Herculaneum,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Posthumous portrait of Cleopatra VII, from Roman Herculaneum, mid-1st century AD.[25][26]"><noscript><img alt="Posthumous portrait of Cleopatra VII, from Roman Herculaneum, mid-1st century AD.[25][26]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Posthumous_painted_portrait_of_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt%2C_from_Herculaneum%2C_Italy.jpg/90px-Posthumous_painted_portrait_of_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt%2C_from_Herculaneum%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Posthumous_painted_portrait_of_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt%2C_from_Herculaneum%2C_Italy.jpg/90px-Posthumous_painted_portrait_of_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt%2C_from_Herculaneum%2C_Italy.jpg" data-alt="Posthumous portrait of Cleopatra VII, from Roman Herculaneum, mid-1st century AD.[25][26]" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Posthumous_painted_portrait_of_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt%2C_from_Herculaneum%2C_Italy.jpg/135px-Posthumous_painted_portrait_of_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt%2C_from_Herculaneum%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Posthumous_painted_portrait_of_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt%2C_from_Herculaneum%2C_Italy.jpg/180px-Posthumous_painted_portrait_of_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt%2C_from_Herculaneum%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Posthumous portrait of <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a>, from Roman <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>, mid-1st century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cup of the Ptolemies: front (top) of the cup (Cabinet des Médailles)"><noscript><img alt="The Cup of the Ptolemies: front (top) of the cup (Cabinet des Médailles)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_01.JPG/120px-Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1718" data-file-height="1402"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 98px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_01.JPG/120px-Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_01.JPG" data-alt="The Cup of the Ptolemies: front (top) of the cup (Cabinet des Médailles)" data-width="120" data-height="98" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_01.JPG/180px-Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_01.JPG/240px-Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_01.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Cup_of_the_Ptolemies" title="Cup of the Ptolemies">Cup of the Ptolemies</a>: front (<i>top</i>) of the cup (<a href="/wiki/Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet des Médailles">Cabinet des Médailles</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cup of the Ptolemies: back (bottom) of the cup (Cabinet des Médailles)"><noscript><img alt="The Cup of the Ptolemies: back (bottom) of the cup (Cabinet des Médailles)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_02.JPG/120px-Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1853" data-file-height="1404"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 91px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_02.JPG/120px-Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_02.JPG" data-alt="The Cup of the Ptolemies: back (bottom) of the cup (Cabinet des Médailles)" data-width="120" data-height="91" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_02.JPG/180px-Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_02.JPG/240px-Coupe_des_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9es_02.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Cup_of_the_Ptolemies" title="Cup of the Ptolemies">Cup of the Ptolemies</a>: back (<i>bottom</i>) of the cup (<a href="/wiki/Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet des Médailles">Cabinet des Médailles</a>)</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/28px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/28px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" data-alt="" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/42px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt" title="Portal:Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/32px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/32px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/48px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/64px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Egypt" title="Portal:Egypt">Egypt portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 31px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="31" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead dynasty</a>, another Greek dynasty in Egypt which ruled immediately prior to the Ptolemies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donations_of_Alexandria" title="Donations of Alexandria">Donations of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Egypt" title="History of ancient Egypt">History of ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Ptolemaic_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">List of pharaohs § Ptolemaic Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Seleucid_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Seleucid rulers">List of Seleucid rulers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Weights_and_Measures" title="On Weights and Measures">On Weights and Measures</a></i>, which contains a chronology of the Ptolemies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Decrees" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Decrees">Ptolemaic Decrees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">Roman pharaohs</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As such, in modern times they are sometimes called the <b>Thirty-third (XXXIII) Dynasty</b> in the context of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian history">Ancient Egyptian history</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id='cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2006xiii:_"They_were_members_of_the_Ptolemaic_dynasty_of_Macedonian_Greeks,_who_ruled_Egypt_after_the_death_of_its_conqueror,_Alexander_the_Great"-1'><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2006xiii:_%22They_were_members_of_the_Ptolemaic_dynasty_of_Macedonian_Greeks,_who_ruled_Egypt_after_the_death_of_its_conqueror,_Alexander_the_Great%22_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2006">Jones 2006</a>, p. xiii: "They were members of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Macedonian Greeks, who ruled Egypt after the death of its conqueror, Alexander the Great".</span> </li> <li id='cite_note-FOOTNOTEJeffreys2005488:_"Ptolemaic_kings_were_still_crowned_at_Memphis_and_the_city_was_popularly_regarded_as_the_Egyptian_rival_to_Alexandria,_founded_by_the_Macedonian_Greeks"-2'><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJeffreys2005488:_%22Ptolemaic_kings_were_still_crowned_at_Memphis_and_the_city_was_popularly_regarded_as_the_Egyptian_rival_to_Alexandria,_founded_by_the_Macedonian_Greeks%22_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJeffreys2005">Jeffreys 2005</a>, p. 488: "Ptolemaic kings were still crowned at Memphis and the city was popularly regarded as the Egyptian rival to Alexandria, founded by the Macedonian Greeks".</span> </li> <li id='cite_note-FOOTNOTERobins2001108:_"...Cleopatra_VII,_the_last_member_of_the_Greek_Ptolemaic_dynasty_to_govern_Egypt._Although_the_Ptolemies_were_not_only_Greek_by_origin_but_also_by_culture,_they_adopted_from_the_Egyptians_the_custom_of_royal_brother-sister_marriage"-3'><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobins2001108:_%22...Cleopatra_VII,_the_last_member_of_the_Greek_Ptolemaic_dynasty_to_govern_Egypt._Although_the_Ptolemies_were_not_only_Greek_by_origin_but_also_by_culture,_they_adopted_from_the_Egyptians_the_custom_of_royal_brother-sister_marriage%22_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobins2001">Robins 2001</a>, p. 108: "...Cleopatra VII, the last member of the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty to govern Egypt. Although the Ptolemies were not only Greek by origin but also by culture, they adopted from the Egyptians the custom of royal brother-sister marriage".</span> </li> <li id='cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthern200943:_"The_Ptolemaic_dynasty,_of_which_Cleopatra_was_the_last_representative_(...)_stemmed_from_Ptolemy_Soter,_a_Macedonian_Greek_in_the_entourage_of_Alexander_the_Great"-4'><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthern200943:_%22The_Ptolemaic_dynasty,_of_which_Cleopatra_was_the_last_representative_(...)_stemmed_from_Ptolemy_Soter,_a_Macedonian_Greek_in_the_entourage_of_Alexander_the_Great%22_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSouthern2009">Southern 2009</a>, p. 43: "The Ptolemaic dynasty, of which Cleopatra was the last representative (...) stemmed from Ptolemy Soter, a Macedonian Greek in the entourage of Alexander the Great".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDepuydt2005">Depuydt 2005</a>, p. 687: "during the Ptolemaic period, when Egypt was governed by rulers of Greek descent..."; <a href="#CITEREFPomeroy1990">Pomeroy 1990</a>, p. xvi: "...while Ptolemaic Egypt was a monarchy with a Greek ruling class"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones20063-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones20063_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones20063_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2006">Jones 2006</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a>, however, puts the total number of years of the Ptolemaic dynasty at 306, presumably calculated from 306/5 BC to 1 AD. See: <i>Epiphanius' Treatise on Weights and Measures – The Syriac Version</i> (ed. James Elmer Dean), University of Chicago Press 1935, p. 28 (note 104). Compare <i><a href="/wiki/On_Weights_and_Measures" title="On Weights and Measures">On Weights and Measures</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthern200943–44-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthern200943%E2%80%9344_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSouthern2009">Southern 2009</a>, pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id='cite_note-FOOTNOTERutherford20164:_"The_second_[phase_of_relationship_between_Greek_and_Egyptian_culture]_begins_when_Egypt_is_taken_over_by_a_Greek-speaking_elite_in_the_last_decades_of_the_fourth_century._From_then_on,_the_two_cultures_coexisted,_which_inevitably_resulted_in_interactions_and_mutual_influence_between_them"-10'><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERutherford20164:_%22The_second_%5Bphase_of_relationship_between_Greek_and_Egyptian_culture%5D_begins_when_Egypt_is_taken_over_by_a_Greek-speaking_elite_in_the_last_decades_of_the_fourth_century._From_then_on,_the_two_cultures_coexisted,_which_inevitably_resulted_in_interactions_and_mutual_influence_between_them%22_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRutherford2016">Rutherford 2016</a>, p. 4: "The second [phase of relationship between Greek and Egyptian culture] begins when Egypt is taken over by a Greek-speaking elite in the last decades of the fourth century. From then on, the two cultures coexisted, which inevitably resulted in interactions and mutual influence between them".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2009419-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2009419_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2009">Potter 2009</a>, p. 419.</span> </li> <li id='cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney201395–100"Cults"-12'><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney201395%E2%80%93100%22Cults%22_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarney2013">Carney 2013</a>, pp. 95–100, "Cults".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolbl200184-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolbl200184_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolbl2001">Holbl 2001</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones200610-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones200610_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2006">Jones 2006</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id='cite_note-FOOTNOTERobins108:_"...they_adopted_from_the_Egyptians_the_custom_of_royal_brother-sister_marriage"-15'><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobins108:_%22...they_adopted_from_the_Egyptians_the_custom_of_royal_brother-sister_marriage%22_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobins">Robins</a>, p. 108: "...they adopted from the Egyptians the custom of royal brother-sister marriage".<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFRobins (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-avclub-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avclub_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avclub_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/move-over-lannisters-no-one-did-incest-and-murder-lik-1830399087">Move over, Lannisters: No one did incest and murder like the last pharaohs</a> on <a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arce.org/resource/cleopatra-great-last-power-ptolemaic-dynasty/">"Cleopatra the Great: Last Power of the Ptolemaic Dynasty"</a>. <i>ARCE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARCE&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+the+Great%3A+Last+Power+of+the+Ptolemaic+Dynasty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farce.org%2Fresource%2Fcleopatra-great-last-power-ptolemaic-dynasty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasson2012" class="citation web cs1">Wasson, Donald (February 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Ptolemy_I/">"Ptolemy I"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_History_Encyclopedia" title="World History Encyclopedia">World History Encyclopedia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ptolemy+I&rft.pub=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2012-02-03&rft.aulast=Wasson&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FPtolemy_I%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tunny, Jennifer(2001)<i>The Health of Ptolemy II Philadelphus</i>. The Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists/ Vol.38(1/4), pp.119–134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Huß, <i>Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit</i> (<i>Egypt in Hellenistic times</i>). C. H. Beck, Munich 2001, p. 679</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pfrommer, Michael; Towne-Markus, Elana (2001). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d2aohiyo3d3idm.cloudfront.net/publications/virtuallibrary/0892366338.pdf">Greek Gold from Hellenistic Egypt</a></i>. Los Angeles: Getty Publications (J. Paul Getty Trust). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89236-633-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-89236-633-8">0-89236-633-8</a>, pp. 22–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter_Scheidel1996" class="citation journal cs1">Walter Scheidel (September 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0162-3095(96)00074-X">"Brother-sister and parent-child marriage outside royal families in ancient Egypt and Iran: A challenge to the sociobiological view of incest avoidance?"</a>. <i>Ethology and Sociobiology</i>. <b>17</b> (5): 321. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0162-3095%2896%2900074-X">10.1016/S0162-3095(96)00074-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethology+and+Sociobiology&rft.atitle=Brother-sister+and+parent-child+marriage+outside+royal+families+in+ancient+Egypt+and+Iran%3A+A+challenge+to+the+sociobiological+view+of+incest+avoidance%3F&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=321&rft.date=1996-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0162-3095%2896%2900074-X&rft.au=Walter+Scheidel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2FS0162-3095%2896%2900074-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-II-Philadelphus">Ptolemy II "Philadelphus"</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichalopoulosTzelepisGeroulanos2003" class="citation journal cs1">Michalopoulos, A.; Tzelepis, G.; Geroulanos, S. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thorax.bmj.com/content/58/3/281.3">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Morbid obesity and hypersomnolence in several members of an ancient royal family"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Thorax</i>. <b>58</b> (3): 281–282. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fthorax.58.3.281-b">10.1136/thorax.58.3.281-b</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1746609">1746609</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12612315">12612315</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thorax&rft.atitle=%22Morbid+obesity+and+hypersomnolence+in+several+members+of+an+ancient+royal+family%22&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=281-282&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1746609%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12612315&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fthorax.58.3.281-b&rft.aulast=Michalopoulos&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Tzelepis%2C+G.&rft.au=Geroulanos%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthorax.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F58%2F3%2F281.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshrafian2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ashrafian, Hutan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079400">"Familial proptosis and obesity in the Ptolemies"</a>. <i>J. R. Soc. Med</i>. <b>98</b> (2): 85–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F014107680509800224">10.1177/014107680509800224</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079400">1079400</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15684370">15684370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+R.+Soc.+Med.&rft.atitle=Familial+proptosis+and+obesity+in+the+Ptolemies&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=85-86&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1079400%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15684370&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F014107680509800224&rft.aulast=Ashrafian&rft.aufirst=Hutan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1079400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalkerHiggs2001" class="citation cs2">Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cleopatraofegypt0000unse/page/314">"Painting with a portrait of a woman in profile"</a>, in Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), <i>Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth</i>, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (British Museum Press), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cleopatraofegypt0000unse/page/314">314–315</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691088358" title="Special:BookSources/9780691088358"><bdi>9780691088358</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Painting+with+a+portrait+of+a+woman+in+profile&rft.btitle=Cleopatra+of+Egypt%3A+from+History+to+Myth&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=314-315&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press+%28British+Museum+Press%29&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780691088358&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Higgs%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcleopatraofegypt0000unse%2Fpage%2F314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fletcher, Joann (2008). <i>Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend</i>. New York: Harper. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-058558-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-058558-7">978-0-06-058558-7</a>, image plates and captions between pp. 246-247.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarney2013" class="citation book cs1">Carney, Elizabeth (2013). <i>Arsinoe of Egypt and Macedon, A Royal Life</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195365511" title="Special:BookSources/9780195365511"><bdi>9780195365511</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arsinoe+of+Egypt+and+Macedon%2C+A+Royal+Life&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780195365511&rft.aulast=Carney&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2006" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Prudence (2006). <i>Cleopatra: A Sourcebook</i>. University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780806137414" title="Special:BookSources/9780806137414"><bdi>9780806137414</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cleopatra%3A+A+Sourcebook&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780806137414&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Prudence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPomeroy1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_B._Pomeroy" title="Sarah B. Pomeroy">Pomeroy, Sarah</a> (1990). <i>Women in Hellenistic Egypt, From Alexander to Cleopatra</i>. Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814322307" title="Special:BookSources/9780814322307"><bdi>9780814322307</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Hellenistic+Egypt%2C+From+Alexander+to+Cleopatra&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780814322307&rft.aulast=Pomeroy&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouthern2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Southern" title="Pat Southern">Southern, Patricia</a> (2009) [2007]. <i>Antony and Cleopatra: The Doomed Love Affair That United Ancient Rome and Egypt</i>. Amberley Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848683242" title="Special:BookSources/9781848683242"><bdi>9781848683242</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antony+and+Cleopatra%3A+The+Doomed+Love+Affair+That+United+Ancient+Rome+and+Egypt&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781848683242&rft.aulast=Southern&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2009" class="citation book cs1">Potter, David (2009). "Hellenistic religion". In Erskine, Andrew (ed.). <i>A Companion to the Hellenistic World</i>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405154413" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405154413"><bdi>978-1405154413</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hellenistic+religion&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Hellenistic+World&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1405154413&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolbl2001" class="citation book cs1">Holbl, Gunther (2001). "Ptolemaic period". In Redford, Donald (ed.). <i>Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt</i>. Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195138236" title="Special:BookSources/0195138236"><bdi>0195138236</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ptolemaic+period&rft.btitle=Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0195138236&rft.aulast=Holbl&rft.aufirst=Gunther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffreys2005" class="citation book cs1">Jeffreys, David (2005) [1999]. "Memphis". In <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_A._Bard" title="Kathryn A. Bard">Bard, Kathryn</a> (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1134665253" title="Special:BookSources/1134665253"><bdi>1134665253</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Memphis&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Archaeology+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1134665253&rft.aulast=Jeffreys&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepuydt2005" class="citation book cs1">Depuydt, Leo (2005) [1999]. "Rosseta Stone". In Bard, Kathryn (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1134665253" title="Special:BookSources/1134665253"><bdi>1134665253</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rosseta+Stone&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Archaeology+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1134665253&rft.aulast=Depuydt&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobins2001" class="citation book cs1">Robins, Gay (2001). "Queens". In Redford, Donald (ed.). <i>Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt</i>. Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195138236" title="Special:BookSources/0195138236"><bdi>0195138236</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Queens&rft.btitle=Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0195138236&rft.aulast=Robins&rft.aufirst=Gay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutherford2016" class="citation book cs1">Rutherford, Ian (2016). <i>Greco-Egyptian Interactions: Literature, Translation, and Culture, 500 BCE-300 CE</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199656127" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199656127"><bdi>978-0199656127</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greco-Egyptian+Interactions%3A+Literature%2C+Translation%2C+and+Culture%2C+500+BCE-300+CE&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0199656127&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bingen, Jean. <i>Hellenistic Egypt</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007 (hardcover, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7486-1578-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7486-1578-4">0-7486-1578-4</a>; paperback, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7486-1579-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7486-1579-2">0-7486-1579-2</a>).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberta_Casagrande-Kim2014" class="citation book cs1">Roberta Casagrande-Kim, ed. (2014). <i>When the Greeks Ruled Egypt: From Alexander the Great to Cleopatra</i>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691165547" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691165547"><bdi>978-0691165547</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+the+Greeks+Ruled+Egypt%3A+From+Alexander+the+Great+to+Cleopatra&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0691165547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemaic+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>A. Lampela, <i>Rome and the Ptolemies of Egypt: The development of their political relations 273–80 B.C.</i> (Helsinki, 1998).</li> <li>J. G. Manning, <i>The Last Pharaohs: Egypt Under the Ptolemies, 305–30 BC</i> (Princeton, 2009).</li> <li>Susan Stephens, <i>Seeing Double: Intercultural Poetics in Ptolemaic Alexandria</i> (Berkeley, 2002).</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140906102445/https://www.livius.org/ps-pz/ptolemies/ptolemies.htm">Archived</a> 2014-09-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>—by Jona Lendering</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&oldid=1251940491">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&oldid=1251940491</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_dynasty&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Trappist the monk" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1729292970"> <span>Last edited on 18 October 2024, at 23:09</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolem%C3%A4er" title="Ptolemäer – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ptolemäer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9" title="بطالمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بطالمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Ptolemaica" title="Dinastía Ptolemaica – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dinastía Ptolemaica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeyl%C9%99r_s%C3%BClal%C9%99si" title="Ptolemeylər sülaləsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ptolemeylər sülaləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_%C3%94ng-ti%C3%A2u" title="Ptolemaios Ông-tiâu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ptolemaios Ông-tiâu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%96" title="Пталамеі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пталамеі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Птолемеи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Птолемеи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemejidi" title="Ptolemejidi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ptolemejidi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierniezh_ar_Btolemeed" title="Tierniezh ar Btolemeed – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tierniezh ar Btolemeed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_ptolemaica" title="Dinastia ptolemaica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dinastia ptolemaica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Птолемейсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Птолемейсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaiovci" title="Ptolemaiovci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ptolemaiovci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenhinllin_y_Ptolem%C3%AFaid" title="Brenhinllin y Ptolemïaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brenhinllin y Ptolemïaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios-dynastiet" title="Ptolemaios-dynastiet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ptolemaios-dynastiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolem%C3%A4er" title="Ptolemäer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ptolemäer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaioste_d%C3%BCnastia" title="Ptolemaioste dünastia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ptolemaioste dünastia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Δυναστεία των Πτολεμαίων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυναστεία των Πτολεμαίων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_ptolemaica" title="Dinastía ptolemaica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía ptolemaica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemea_dinastio_de_Egiptio" title="Ptolemea dinastio de Egiptio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ptolemea dinastio de Egiptio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolomeotar_dinastia" title="Ptolomeotar dinastia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ptolomeotar dinastia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="دودمان بطلمیوسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودمان بطلمیوسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastie_lagide" title="Dynastie lagide – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dynastie lagide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_tolemaica" title="Dinastía tolemaica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dinastía tolemaica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%ED%86%A8%EB%A0%88%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0" title="프톨레마이오스 왕조 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프톨레마이오스 왕조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Պտղոմեոսներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պտղոմեոսներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemejevi%C4%87i" title="Ptolemejevići – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ptolemejevići" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Ptolemaik" title="Dinasti Ptolemaik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dinasti Ptolemaik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastia_ptolemaic" title="Dynastia ptolemaic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dynastia ptolemaic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemajar%C3%ADki%C3%B0" title="Ptolemajaríkið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ptolemajaríkið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_tolemaica" title="Dinastia tolemaica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dinastia tolemaica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99" title="בית תלמי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית תלמי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Ptolemeus" title="Wangsa Ptolemeus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wangsa Ptolemeus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B6" title="ಪ್ಟೋಲೆಮಿಕ್ ರಾಜವಂಶ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ಟೋಲೆಮಿಕ್ ರಾಜವಂಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პტოლემეების დინასტია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პტოლემეების დინასტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasaba_ya_Waptolemaio" title="Nasaba ya Waptolemaio – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nasaba ya Waptolemaio" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Птолемейлер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Птолемейлер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaei" title="Ptolemaei – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ptolemaei" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaju_dinastija" title="Ptolemaju dinastija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ptolemaju dinastija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolem%C3%A4er" title="Ptolemäer – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ptolemäer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolem%C4%97j%C5%B3_dinastija" title="Ptolemėjų dinastija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ptolemėjų dinastija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaida-dinasztia" title="Ptolemaida-dinasztia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ptolemaida-dinasztia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Птоломејска династија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Птоломејска династија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianakavia-mpanjaka_lagida" title="Fianakavia-mpanjaka lagida – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fianakavia-mpanjaka lagida" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პტოლემეეფიშ დინასტია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პტოლემეეფიშ დინასტია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87" title="البطالمه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البطالمه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Ptolemy" title="Wangsa Ptolemy – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wangsa Ptolemy" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="တော်လမီဘုရင်များ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တော်လမီဘုရင်များ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemae%C3%ABn" title="Ptolemaeën – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ptolemaeën" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E6%9C%9D" title="プトレマイオス朝 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プトレマイオス朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeerdynastiet" title="Ptolemeerdynastiet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ptolemeerdynastiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_under_ptolemearane" title="Egypt under ptolemearane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Egypt under ptolemearane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_dels_Ptolem%C3%A8us" title="Dinastia dels Ptolemèus – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dinastia dels Ptolemèus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeylar" title="Ptolemeylar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ptolemeylar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بطلیموسی خاندان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بطلیموسی خاندان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%84%DA%93%DB%8D" title="بطلیموسي لړۍ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بطلیموسي لړۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeusze" title="Ptolemeusze – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ptolemeusze" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_ptolemaica" title="Dinastia ptolemaica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinastia ptolemaica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Ptolemeic%C4%83" title="Dinastia Ptolemeică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dinastia Ptolemeică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Птолемеи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Птолемеи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%BA" title="ටොලමියානු රාජවංශය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ටොලමියානු රාජවංශය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ptolemaic dynasty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaiovci" title="Ptolemaiovci – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ptolemaiovci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemajci" title="Ptolemajci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ptolemajci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Птолемејиди – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Птолемејиди" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeidi" title="Ptolemeidi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ptolemeidi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaiosten_hallitsijasuku" title="Ptolemaiosten hallitsijasuku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ptolemaiosten hallitsijasuku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeiska_dynastin" title="Ptolemeiska dynastin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ptolemeiska dynastin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தாலமி வம்சம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாலமி வம்சம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="ราชวงศ์ทอเลมี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์ทอเลมี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Ptolemaios Hanedanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ptolemaios Hanedanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%97" title="Птолемеї – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Птолемеї" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81" title="بطلیموسی شاہی سلسلہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بطلیموسی شاہی سلسلہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_Ptolemaios" title="Nhà Ptolemaios – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà Ptolemaios" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiya_Ptolemeonhon" title="Dinastiya Ptolemeonhon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dinastiya Ptolemeonhon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8B%92%E5%AF%86%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="托勒密王朝 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="托勒密王朝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8B%92%E5%AF%86%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="托勒密王朝 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="托勒密王朝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8B%92%E5%AF%86%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="托勒密王朝 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托勒密王朝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" 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