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class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the <i>Rome</i> episode, see <a href="/wiki/Caesarion_(Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesarion (Rome)">Caesarion (Rome)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Caesarean_section" title="Caesarean section">Caesarean section</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Ptolemy XV Caesar</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/əm/: 'm' in 'rhythm'">əm</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Ptolemaios Kaisar</i></span>; 23 June 47 BC – 29 August 30 BC), nicknamed <b>Caesarion</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Καισαρίων</span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Kaisaríōn</i></span>, "Little Caesar"), was the last <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Egypt">Ptolemaic Egypt</a>, reigning with his mother <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a> from 2 September 44 BC until her death by 12 August 30 BC, then as sole ruler until his death was ordered by <a href="/wiki/Octavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavian">Octavian</a> (who would become the first <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> as Augustus). </p><table class="infobox vcard nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87;font-size:125%;">Caesarion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname">Theos Philopator Philometor</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Caesarion_granite_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Granite head attributed to Caesarion, hosted in Bibliotheca Alexandrina Antiquities Museum, Egypt"><img alt="Granite head attributed to Caesarion, hosted in Bibliotheca Alexandrina Antiquities Museum, Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Caesarion_granite_head.jpg/220px-Caesarion_granite_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Caesarion_granite_head.jpg/330px-Caesarion_granite_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Caesarion_granite_head.jpg/440px-Caesarion_granite_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2596" data-file-height="3342"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Granite head attributed to Caesarion, hosted in <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Alexandrina" title="Bibliotheca Alexandrina">Bibliotheca Alexandrina</a> Antiquities Museum, Egypt</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; font-weight:bold; font-size:13px; padding: 3px;"><a href="/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus">King</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_chronology" title="Egyptian chronology">Reign</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2 September 44 BC – late August 30 BC with <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> (until 12 August 30 BC)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XIV">Ptolemy XIV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Octavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavian">Octavian</a> (As Roman Emperor)'<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsible-leftside-toggle mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;margin:0;border:0;padding:0;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Royal titulary</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:2px solid #decd87;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox"></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> (reputedly)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">23 June 47 BC<br><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 August 30 BC (aged 17)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Dynasty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Caesarion was the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a> and the only known biological son of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, after whom he was named. He was the last <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sovereign" class="extiw" title="wikt:sovereign">sovereign</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a> of Egypt. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Pharaoh"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Pharaoh</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Death"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Death</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Depictions"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Depictions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Egyptian_names"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Egyptian names</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:410px;max-width:410px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:199px;max-width:199px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dendera_Cesarion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dendera_Cesarion.jpg/197px-Dendera_Cesarion.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="263" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 197px;height: 263px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dendera_Cesarion.jpg/197px-Dendera_Cesarion.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="197" data-height="263" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dendera_Cesarion.jpg/296px-Dendera_Cesarion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dendera_Cesarion.jpg/394px-Dendera_Cesarion.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:207px;max-width:207px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Limestone_stela_of_a_high_priest_of_god_Ptah._It_bears_the_cartouches_of_Cleopatra_and_Caesarion._From_Egypt._Ptolemaic_Period._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Limestone_stela_of_a_high_priest_of_god_Ptah._It_bears_the_cartouches_of_Cleopatra_and_Caesarion._From_Egypt._Ptolemaic_Period._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/205px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="263" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3922" data-file-height="5023"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 205px;height: 263px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Limestone_stela_of_a_high_priest_of_god_Ptah._It_bears_the_cartouches_of_Cleopatra_and_Caesarion._From_Egypt._Ptolemaic_Period._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/205px-thumbnail.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="205" data-height="263" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Limestone_stela_of_a_high_priest_of_god_Ptah._It_bears_the_cartouches_of_Cleopatra_and_Caesarion._From_Egypt._Ptolemaic_Period._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/308px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Limestone_stela_of_a_high_priest_of_god_Ptah._It_bears_the_cartouches_of_Cleopatra_and_Caesarion._From_Egypt._Ptolemaic_Period._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/410px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Left: reliefs of Cleopatra and Caesarion at the <a href="/wiki/Dendera_Temple_complex" title="Dendera Temple complex">Temple of Dendera</a><br>Right: a limestone stela of the <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Ptah" title="High Priest of Ptah">High Priest of Ptah</a> bearing the <a href="/wiki/Cartouch" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartouch">cartouches</a> of Cleopatra and Caesarion, Egypt, Ptolemaic Period, the <a href="/wiki/Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology" title="Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology">Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology</a>, London</div></div></div></div> <p>Ptolemy Caesar was born in <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Egypt</a> on 23 June 47 BC. His mother <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a> gave him the royal names Theos Philopator Philometor<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (lit. 'father-loving, mother-loving God') and insisted that he was the son of <a href="/wiki/Political_institutions_of_ancient_Rome" title="Political institutions of ancient Rome">Roman politician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_dictator" title="Roman dictator">dictator</a> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While he was said to have inherited Caesar's looks and manner,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caesar did not officially acknowledge him.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All accusations of bastardy against Caesarion were cast from a Roman perspective; their intention was not to portray Caesarion as inappropriate for the throne of Egypt, but rather to deny that he was Julius' heir by Roman law.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Caesar's supporters, <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Oppius" title="Gaius Oppius">Gaius Oppius</a>, even wrote a pamphlet which attempted to prove that Caesar could not have fathered Caesarion. Nevertheless, Caesar may have allowed Caesarion to use his name.<sup id="cite_ref-roller_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roller-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The matter became contentious when Caesar's adopted son, <a href="/wiki/Octavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavian">Octavian</a>, came into conflict with Cleopatra.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray-Fow2014_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-Fow2014-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caesarion spent two of his infant years, from 46 to 44 BC, in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, where he and his mother were Caesar's guests at his villa, <a href="/wiki/Horti_Caesaris" title="Horti Caesaris">Horti Caesaris</a>. Cleopatra hoped that her son would eventually succeed his father as the head of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>, as well as of Egypt. After <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_assassination" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar's assassination">Caesar's assassination</a> on 15 March 44 BC, Cleopatra and Caesarion returned to Egypt. Caesarion was named co-ruler by his mother on 2 September 44 BC at the age of three,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although he was pharaoh in name only, with Cleopatra keeping actual authority. Cleopatra compared her relationship to her son with that of the Egyptian goddess <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> and her divine child <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-roller_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roller-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no historical record of Caesarion between 44 BC until the Donations of Antioch in 36 BC. Two years later he also appears at the <a href="/wiki/Donations_of_Alexandria" title="Donations of Alexandria">Donations of Alexandria</a>. Cleopatra and Antony staged both "Donations" to donate lands dominated by Rome and <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthia</a> to Cleopatra's children: Caesarion, the twins <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Helios" title="Alexander Helios">Alexander Helios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Philadelphus_(son_of_Cleopatra)" title="Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)">Ptolemy Philadelphus</a> (the last three were his maternal half-siblings fathered by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>). Octavian gave public approval to the Donations of Antioch in 36 BC, which have been described as an Antonian strategy to rule the East making use of Cleopatra's unique royal <a href="/wiki/Seleucid" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid">Seleucid</a> lineage in the regions donated.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pharaoh" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In 34 BC, Antony granted further eastern lands and titles to Caesarion and his own three children with Cleopatra in the <a href="/wiki/Donations_of_Alexandria" title="Donations of Alexandria">Donations of Alexandria</a>. Caesarion was proclaimed to be <a href="/wiki/Deification" class="mw-redirect" title="Deification">a god</a>, <a href="/wiki/Divi_filius" title="Divi filius">a son of [a] god</a>, and "<a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings" title="King of Kings">King of Kings</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This grandiose title was "unprecedented in the management of Roman client-king relationships" and could be seen as "threatening the 'greatness' of the Roman people".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antony also declared Caesarion to be Caesar's true son and heir. This declaration was a direct threat to Octavian (whose claim to power was based on his status as Julius Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son). These proclamations partly caused the fatal breach in Antony's relations with Octavian, who used Roman resentment over the Donations to gain support for war against Antony and Cleopatra.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Wall_painting_from_the_House_of_Giuseppe_II,_Pompeii,_1st_century_AD,_death_of_Sophonisba,_but_more_likely_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt_consuming_poison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Roman_Wall_painting_from_the_House_of_Giuseppe_II%2C_Pompeii%2C_1st_century_AD%2C_death_of_Sophonisba%2C_but_more_likely_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt_consuming_poison.jpg/350px-Roman_Wall_painting_from_the_House_of_Giuseppe_II%2C_Pompeii%2C_1st_century_AD%2C_death_of_Sophonisba%2C_but_more_likely_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt_consuming_poison.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 263px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Roman_Wall_painting_from_the_House_of_Giuseppe_II%2C_Pompeii%2C_1st_century_AD%2C_death_of_Sophonisba%2C_but_more_likely_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt_consuming_poison.jpg/350px-Roman_Wall_painting_from_the_House_of_Giuseppe_II%2C_Pompeii%2C_1st_century_AD%2C_death_of_Sophonisba%2C_but_more_likely_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt_consuming_poison.jpg" data-width="350" data-height="263" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Roman_Wall_painting_from_the_House_of_Giuseppe_II%2C_Pompeii%2C_1st_century_AD%2C_death_of_Sophonisba%2C_but_more_likely_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt_consuming_poison.jpg/525px-Roman_Wall_painting_from_the_House_of_Giuseppe_II%2C_Pompeii%2C_1st_century_AD%2C_death_of_Sophonisba%2C_but_more_likely_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt_consuming_poison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Roman_Wall_painting_from_the_House_of_Giuseppe_II%2C_Pompeii%2C_1st_century_AD%2C_death_of_Sophonisba%2C_but_more_likely_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt_consuming_poison.jpg/700px-Roman_Wall_painting_from_the_House_of_Giuseppe_II%2C_Pompeii%2C_1st_century_AD%2C_death_of_Sophonisba%2C_but_more_likely_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt_consuming_poison.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Roman painting from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, early 1st century AD, most likely depicting Cleopatra VII, wearing her royal <a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">diadem</a>, taking poison in an <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Cleopatra" title="Death of Cleopatra">act of suicide</a>, while Caesarion, also wearing a royal diadem, stands behind her<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p> After the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Actium" title="Battle of Actium">Battle of Actium</a> in 31 BC, Cleopatra seems to have groomed Caesarion to take over as "sole ruler without his mother".<sup id="cite_ref-roller_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roller-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She may have intended to go into exile, perhaps with Antony, who may have hoped that he would be allowed to retire as <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aemilius_Lepidus_(triumvir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)">Lepidus</a> had. Caesarion reappears in the historical record in 30 BC, when Octavian invaded Egypt and searched for him. Cleopatra may have sent Caesarion, 17 years old at the time, to the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> port of <a href="/wiki/Berenice_Troglodytica" title="Berenice Troglodytica">Berenice</a> for safety, possibly as part of plans for an escape to <a href="/wiki/Middle_kingdoms_of_India" title="Middle kingdoms of India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray-Fow2014_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-Fow2014-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> does say that Caesarion was sent to India, but also that he was lured back by false promises of the kingdom of Egypt: </p><blockquote><p>Caesarion, who was said to be Cleopatra's son by Julius Caesar, was sent by his mother, with much treasure, into India, by way of Ethiopia. There Rhodon, another tutor like Theodorus, persuaded him to go back, on the ground that [Octavian] Caesar invited him to take the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Octavian captured the city of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> on 1 August 30 BC, the date that marks the official annexation of Egypt to the Roman Republic. Around this time Mark Antony and Cleopatra died, traditionally said to be by <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>, though murder has been suggested.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Octavian may have temporarily considered permitting Caesarion to succeed his mother and rule Egypt (though now a smaller and weaker kingdom), however, he is supposed to have had Caesarion executed in Alexandria on 29 August 30 BC, following the advice of his companion <a href="/wiki/Arius_Didymus" title="Arius Didymus">Arius Didymus</a>, who said "Too many Caesars is not good"<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a pun on a line in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surviving information on the death of Caesarion is scarce.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Octavian then assumed absolute control of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Egypt</a>. The year 30 BC was considered the first year of the new ruler's reign according to the traditional chronological system of Egypt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Depictions">Depictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Depictions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_and_Cupid_from_the_House_of_Marcus_Fabius_Rufus_at_Pompeii,_most_likely_a_depiction_of_Cleopatra_VII.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="This mid-1st century AD Roman wall painting in Pompeii, Italy, showing Venus holding a cupid is most likely a depiction of Cleopatra VII of Ptolemaic Egypt as Venus Genetrix, with her son Caesarion as the cupid[22][23][24]"><noscript><img alt="This mid-1st century AD Roman wall painting in Pompeii, Italy, showing Venus holding a cupid is most likely a depiction of Cleopatra VII of Ptolemaic Egypt as Venus Genetrix, with her son Caesarion as the cupid[22][23][24]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Venus_and_Cupid_from_the_House_of_Marcus_Fabius_Rufus_at_Pompeii%2C_most_likely_a_depiction_of_Cleopatra_VII.jpg/421px-Venus_and_Cupid_from_the_House_of_Marcus_Fabius_Rufus_at_Pompeii%2C_most_likely_a_depiction_of_Cleopatra_VII.jpg" decoding="async" width="281" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="662" data-file-height="472"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 281px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Venus_and_Cupid_from_the_House_of_Marcus_Fabius_Rufus_at_Pompeii%2C_most_likely_a_depiction_of_Cleopatra_VII.jpg/421px-Venus_and_Cupid_from_the_House_of_Marcus_Fabius_Rufus_at_Pompeii%2C_most_likely_a_depiction_of_Cleopatra_VII.jpg" data-alt="This mid-1st century AD Roman wall painting in Pompeii, Italy, showing Venus holding a cupid is most likely a depiction of Cleopatra VII of Ptolemaic Egypt as Venus Genetrix, with her son Caesarion as the cupid[22][23][24]" data-width="281" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Venus_and_Cupid_from_the_House_of_Marcus_Fabius_Rufus_at_Pompeii%2C_most_likely_a_depiction_of_Cleopatra_VII.jpg/631px-Venus_and_Cupid_from_the_House_of_Marcus_Fabius_Rufus_at_Pompeii%2C_most_likely_a_depiction_of_Cleopatra_VII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Venus_and_Cupid_from_the_House_of_Marcus_Fabius_Rufus_at_Pompeii%2C_most_likely_a_depiction_of_Cleopatra_VII.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">This mid-1st century AD <a href="/wiki/Pompeian_Styles" title="Pompeian Styles">Roman wall painting</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, Italy, showing <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a> holding a <a href="/wiki/Cupid" title="Cupid">cupid</a> is most likely a depiction of <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Egypt">Ptolemaic Egypt</a> as <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)#Epithets" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus Genetrix</a>, with her son Caesarion as the cupid<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Horus_in_Edfu_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of two statues of the falcon god Horus behind a smaller depiction of Caesarion at the Temple of Edfu in Edfu, Upper Egypt[25]"><noscript><img alt="One of two statues of the falcon god Horus behind a smaller depiction of Caesarion at the Temple of Edfu in Edfu, Upper Egypt[25]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Statue_of_Horus_in_Edfu_Temple.jpg/225px-Statue_of_Horus_in_Edfu_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Statue_of_Horus_in_Edfu_Temple.jpg/225px-Statue_of_Horus_in_Edfu_Temple.jpg" data-alt="One of two statues of the falcon god Horus behind a smaller depiction of Caesarion at the Temple of Edfu in Edfu, Upper Egypt[25]" data-width="150" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Statue_of_Horus_in_Edfu_Temple.jpg/337px-Statue_of_Horus_in_Edfu_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Statue_of_Horus_in_Edfu_Temple.jpg/450px-Statue_of_Horus_in_Edfu_Temple.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of two statues of the falcon god <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> behind a smaller depiction of Caesarion at the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Edfu" title="Temple of Edfu">Temple of Edfu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edfu" title="Edfu">Edfu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RPC-3901_Cleopatra_VII_with_baby_Ptolemy_XV_Caesarion_son_of_Julius_Caesar_on_coin_of_Cyprus_47BC_displayed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A coin depicting Cleopatra VII with her son Caesarion as an infant, British museum.[26]"><noscript><img alt="A coin depicting Cleopatra VII with her son Caesarion as an infant, British museum.[26]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/RPC-3901_Cleopatra_VII_with_baby_Ptolemy_XV_Caesarion_son_of_Julius_Caesar_on_coin_of_Cyprus_47BC_displayed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg/315px-RPC-3901_Cleopatra_VII_with_baby_Ptolemy_XV_Caesarion_son_of_Julius_Caesar_on_coin_of_Cyprus_47BC_displayed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="762"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/RPC-3901_Cleopatra_VII_with_baby_Ptolemy_XV_Caesarion_son_of_Julius_Caesar_on_coin_of_Cyprus_47BC_displayed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg/315px-RPC-3901_Cleopatra_VII_with_baby_Ptolemy_XV_Caesarion_son_of_Julius_Caesar_on_coin_of_Cyprus_47BC_displayed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg" data-alt="A coin depicting Cleopatra VII with her son Caesarion as an infant, British museum.[26]" data-width="210" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/RPC-3901_Cleopatra_VII_with_baby_Ptolemy_XV_Caesarion_son_of_Julius_Caesar_on_coin_of_Cyprus_47BC_displayed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg/472px-RPC-3901_Cleopatra_VII_with_baby_Ptolemy_XV_Caesarion_son_of_Julius_Caesar_on_coin_of_Cyprus_47BC_displayed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/RPC-3901_Cleopatra_VII_with_baby_Ptolemy_XV_Caesarion_son_of_Julius_Caesar_on_coin_of_Cyprus_47BC_displayed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg/630px-RPC-3901_Cleopatra_VII_with_baby_Ptolemy_XV_Caesarion_son_of_Julius_Caesar_on_coin_of_Cyprus_47BC_displayed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A coin depicting <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a> with her son Caesarion as an infant, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div> </li> </ul> <p>Few images of Caesarion survive. He is thought to be depicted in a partial statue found in the harbour of Alexandria in 1997 and is also portrayed twice in relief, as an adult pharaoh, with his mother on the Temple of <a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dendera" title="Dendera">Dendera</a>. His infant image appears on some bronze coins of Cleopatra.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Egyptian_names">Egyptian names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Egyptian names" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>In addition to his Greek name and nicknames, Caesarion also had a full set of royal names in the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian language</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-clayton_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clayton-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Iwapanetjer entynehem</i> – "Heir of the god who saves"</li> <li><i>Setepenptah</i> – "Chosen of <a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a>"</li> <li><i>Irmaatenre</i> – "Carrying out the rule of <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a>" or "Sun of righteousness"</li> <li><i>Sekhemankhamun</i> – "Living image of <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a>"</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesareum_of_Alexandria" title="Caesareum of Alexandria">Caesareum of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_gens" title="Julia gens">Julia gens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Cleopatra" title="Reign of Cleopatra">Reign of Cleopatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsolved_murders_(before_the_20th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of unsolved murders (before the 20th century)">List of unsolved murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisarion_(poem)" title="Kaisarion (poem)">Kaisarion (poem)</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Ptolemaic Kingdom was <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">annexed by the Roman Empire</a> in 30 BC and hence the office of pharaoh ceased to exist. However, due to the pharaoh's central position in Egyptian religion, the local people recognized <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> and all subsequent <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperors</a> as pharaohs for the sake of continuity; no emperor ever bore or recognized the title. See <a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">Roman pharaoh</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Later full name: <b>Ptolemy Caesar Theos Philopator Philometor</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ Θεὸς Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Θεὸς Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Realencyclop%C3%A4die_der_classischen_Altertumswissenschaft" title="Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft"><i>RE</i></a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/de:RE:Ptolemaios_37" class="extiw" title="s:de:RE:Ptolemaios 37">Ptolemaios 37</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Classical_Dictionary" title="Oxford Classical Dictionary">Oxford Classical Dictionary</a></i>, "Ptolemy XV Caesar"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHornblowerSpawforthEidinow2012" class="citation book cs1">Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bVWcAQAAQBAJ"><i>The Oxford Classical Dictionary</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p. 1236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954556-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954556-8"><bdi>978-0-19-954556-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Classical+Dictionary&rft.pages=1236&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954556-8&rft.aulast=Hornblower&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Spawforth%2C+Antony&rft.au=Eidinow%2C+Esther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbVWcAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSergeant2024" class="citation book cs1">Sergeant, Philip (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cleopatraofegypt00sergiala/page/93/mode/1up?ref=ol&view=theater"><i>Cleopatra of Egypt, Antiquity's Queen of Romance</i></a>. p. 94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cleopatra+of+Egypt%2C+Antiquity%27s+Queen+of+Romance&rft.pages=94&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Sergeant&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcleopatraofegypt00sergiala%2Fpage%2F93%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fref%3Dol%26view%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks1995" class="citation book cs1">Brooks, Polly (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cleopatragoddess0000broo/mode/1up?ref=ol&view=theater&q=Juilius"><i>Cleopatra: goddess of Egypt, enemy of Rome</i></a>. p. 64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cleopatra%3A+goddess+of+Egypt%2C+enemy+of+Rome&rft.pages=64&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Polly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcleopatragoddess0000broo%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fref%3Dol%26view%3Dtheater%26q%3DJuilius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cleopatra</i> 1996 by Green Robert p. 24 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgden2023" class="citation book cs1">Ogden, Daniel (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L-rDEAAAQBAJ&dq=caesarion+&pg=PA102"><i>Polygamy, Prostitutes and Death: The Hellenistic Dynasties</i></a>. Classical Press of Wales. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-914535-40-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-914535-40-6"><bdi>978-1-914535-40-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polygamy%2C+Prostitutes+and+Death%3A+The+Hellenistic+Dynasties&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Classical+Press+of+Wales&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-914535-40-6&rft.aulast=Ogden&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL-rDEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcaesarion%2B%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roller-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roller_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roller_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roller_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duane W. Roller, <i>Cleopatra: A Biography</i>, Oxford University Press US, 2010, pp. 70–73 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray-Fow2014-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gray-Fow2014_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray-Fow2014_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray-Fow2014" class="citation journal cs1">Gray-Fow, Michael (April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43297487">"What to Do With Caesarion"</a>. <i>Greece & Rome</i>. Second Series. <b>61</b> (1): 62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017383513000235">10.1017/S0017383513000235</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43297487">43297487</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154911628">154911628</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Greece+%26+Rome&rft.atitle=What+to+Do+With+Caesarion&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=62&rft.date=2014-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154911628%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43297487%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0017383513000235&rft.aulast=Gray-Fow&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43297487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">King, Arienne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/caesarion/">"Caesarion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_History_Encyclopedia" title="World History Encyclopedia">World History Encyclopedia</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Caesarion&rft.btitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Arienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2Fcaesarion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyldesley,_Joyce_A2008" class="citation book cs1">Tyldesley, Joyce A, Joyce (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cleopatralastque0000tyld"><i>Cleopatra: last queen of Egypt</i></a>. New York: Basic Books. p. 64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cleopatra%3A+last+queen+of+Egypt&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Basic+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Tyldesley%2C+Joyce+A&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcleopatralastque0000tyld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolf_Strootman2010" class="citation book cs1">Rolf Strootman (2010). "Queen of Kings: Cleopatra VII and the Donations of Alexandria". In M. Facella; T. Kaizer (eds.). <i>Kingdoms and Principalities in the Roman Near East</i>. Occidens et Oriens. Vol. 19. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 139–158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Queen+of+Kings%3A+Cleopatra+VII+and+the+Donations+of+Alexandria&rft.btitle=Kingdoms+and+Principalities+in+the+Roman+Near+East&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.series=Occidens+et+Oriens&rft.pages=139-158&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Rolf+Strootman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer_Reinhold2002" class="citation book cs1">Meyer Reinhold (2002). <i>Studies in Classical History and Society</i>. US: Oxford University Press. p. 58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Classical+History+and+Society&rft.place=US&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Meyer+Reinhold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer_Reinhold2002" class="citation book cs1">Meyer Reinhold (2002). <i>Studies in Classical History and Society</i>. US: Oxford University Press. p. 58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Classical+History+and+Society&rft.place=US&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Meyer+Reinhold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurstein2007" class="citation book cs1">Burstein, Stanley Mayer (2007). <i>The Reign of Cleopatra</i>. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reign+of+Cleopatra&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Burstein&rft.aufirst=Stanley+Mayer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoller,_Duane_W.2010" class="citation book cs1">Roller, Duane W. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EZo6DwAAQBAJ"><i>Cleopatra: A Biography</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 178–179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195365535" title="Special:BookSources/9780195365535"><bdi>9780195365535</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cleopatra%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=178-179&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780195365535&rft.au=Roller%2C+Duane+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEZo6DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plutarch, <i>Life of Antony</i>. As found in the Loeb Classical Library, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015002170010;view=1up;seq=335">Plutarch's Lives: With an English Translation by Bernadotte Perrin</a>.</i> Volume 9. p. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPat_Brown2013" class="citation book cs1">Pat Brown (2013). <i>The Murder of Cleopatra: History's Greatest Cold Case</i>. Prometheus Books. pp. 15–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1616146504" title="Special:BookSources/978-1616146504"><bdi>978-1616146504</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Murder+of+Cleopatra%3A+History%27s+Greatest+Cold+Case&rft.pages=15-18&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1616146504&rft.au=Pat+Brown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDraycott2023" class="citation book cs1">Draycott, Jane (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZIBwEAAAQBAJ&dq=caesarion&pg=PT94"><i>Cleopatra's Daughter: From Roman Prisoner to African Queen</i></a>. Liveright Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-324-09260-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-324-09260-5"><bdi>978-1-324-09260-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cleopatra%27s+Daughter%3A+From+Roman+Prisoner+to+African+Queen&rft.pub=Liveright+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-324-09260-5&rft.aulast=Draycott&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZIBwEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcaesarion%26pg%3DPT94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell2013" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Anton (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d_ZODgAAQBAJ&dq=death+of+caesarion&pg=PA193"><i>Hindsight in Greek and Roman History</i></a>. Classical Press of Wales. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-910589-12-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-910589-12-0"><bdi>978-1-910589-12-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindsight+in+Greek+and+Roman+History&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=Classical+Press+of+Wales&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-910589-12-0&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd_ZODgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Ddeath%2Bof%2Bcaesarion%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Braund et al, <i>Myth, History and Culture in Republican Rome: Studies in Honour of T.P. Wiseman</i>, University of Exeter Press, 2003, p. 305. The original line was "ουκ αγαθόν πολυκοιρανίη" ("ouk agathon polukoiranie"): "too many leaders are not good", or "the rule of many is a bad thing". (Homer's <i>Iliad</i>, Book II. vers 204–205) In Greek "ουκ αγαθόν πολυ<i>καισαρ</i>ίη" ("ouk agathon polu<i>kaisar</i>ie") is a variation on "ουκ αγαθόν πολυ<i>κοιραν</i>ίη" ("ouk agathon polu<i>koiran</i>ie"). "Καισαρ" (Caesar) replacing "κοίρανος", meaning leader.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The wall-painting of Venus Genetrix is similar in appearance to the now-lost statue of Cleopatra erected by Julius Caesar in the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Venus_Genetrix" title="Temple of Venus Genetrix">Temple of Venus Genetrix</a>, within the <a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Caesar" title="Forum of Caesar">Forum of Caesar</a>. The owner of the House at Pompeii of Marcus Fabius Rufus, walled off the room with this painting, most likely in immediate reaction to the execution of Caesarion on orders of <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> in 30 BC, when artistic depictions of Caesarion would have been considered <a href="/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae">a sensitive issue</a> for the ruling regime.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoller,_Duane_W.2010" class="citation book cs1">Roller, Duane W. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EZo6DwAAQBAJ"><i>Cleopatra: A Biography</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195365535" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195365535"><bdi>978-0195365535</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cleopatra%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0195365535&rft.au=Roller%2C+Duane+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEZo6DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker,_Susan2008" class="citation journal cs1">Walker, Susan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0068246200000404">"Cleopatra in Pompeii?"</a>. <i>Papers of the British School at Rome</i>. <b>76</b>: 35–46, 345–348. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0068246200000404">10.1017/S0068246200000404</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:62829223">62829223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Papers+of+the+British+School+at+Rome&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+in+Pompeii%3F&rft.volume=76&rft.pages=35-46%2C+345-348&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0068246200000404&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A62829223%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Walker%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2FS0068246200000404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher2008" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Joann_Fletcher" title="Joann Fletcher">Fletcher, Joann</a> (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cleopatragreatwo00flet/page/219"><i>Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend</i></a>, New York: Harper, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cleopatragreatwo00flet/page/219">219, image plates and caption between 246–247</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-058558-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-058558-7"><bdi>978-0-06-058558-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cleopatra+the+Great%3A+The+Woman+Behind+the+Legend&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=219%2C+image+plates+and+caption+between+246-247&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-06-058558-7&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Joann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcleopatragreatwo00flet%2Fpage%2F219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuartL1883" class="citation book cs1">Stuart, Reginald; L, Poole (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cataloguegreekc01medagoog/mode/1up?q=Cleopatra+"><i>BMC Greek (Ptolemies) / Catalogue of Greek coins: the Ptolemies, kings of Egypt</i></a>. The Trustees. p. 122.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BMC+Greek+%28Ptolemies%29+%2F+Catalogue+of+Greek+coins%3A+the+Ptolemies%2C+kings+of+Egypt&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=The+Trustees&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Stuart&rft.aufirst=Reginald&rft.au=L%2C+Poole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcataloguegreekc01medagoog%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fq%3DCleopatra%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSear" class="citation book cs1">Sear. <i>Greek Coins and Their Values</i>. Vol. II.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Coins+and+Their+Values&rft.au=Sear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clayton-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clayton_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton1994" class="citation book cs1">Clayton, Peter (1994). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronicle_of_the_Pharaohs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronicle of the Pharaohs (page does not exist)">Chronicle of the Pharaohs</a></i>. p. 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0500050740" title="Special:BookSources/0500050740"><bdi>0500050740</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+Pharaohs&rft.pages=213&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0500050740&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaesarion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://virtualreligion.net/iho/ptolemy_15">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004000821/http://virtualreligion.net/iho/ptolemy_15">Archived</a> 4 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Caesarion </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 47 BC</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 30 BC</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VII_Philopator" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII Philopator">Cleopatra VII Philopator</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pharaohs#Ptolemaic_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Pharaohs">Pharaoh of Egypt</a> </b><br>44–30 BCE<br><i>with <b><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a></b></i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Roman_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Roman Egypt">Egypt annexed by Rome</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caesarion&oldid=1252810247">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caesarion&oldid=1252810247</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarion&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Monkbot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1729646622"> <span>Last edited on 23 October 2024, at 01:23</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeus_XV_Caesarion" title="Ptolemeus XV Caesarion – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ptolemeus XV Caesarion" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1_(%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86)" title="بطليموس الخامس عشر (قيصرون) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بطليموس الخامس عشر (قيصرون)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_Ptolemey" title="XV Ptolemey – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XV Ptolemey" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="سزاریون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سزاریون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9sarion" title="Sésarion – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Sésarion" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisarion" title="Kaisarion – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kaisarion" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Цезарион – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цезарион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezarion" title="Cezarion – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Cezarion" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesari%C3%B3" title="Cesarió – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cesarió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_XV._Kaisarion" title="Ptolemaios XV. Kaisarion – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ptolemaios XV. Kaisarion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A6sarion" title="Cæsarion – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cæsarion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_XV." title="Ptolemaios XV. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ptolemaios XV." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Caesarion" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%95%CE%84_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Πτολεμαίος ΙΕ΄ Καισαρίων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πτολεμαίος ΙΕ΄ Καισαρίων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesari%C3%B3n" title="Cesarión – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cesarión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezariono" title="Cezariono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cezariono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zesarion" title="Zesarion – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zesarion" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="سزاریون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سزاریون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9e_XV" title="Ptolémée XV – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ptolémée XV" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%ED%86%A8%EB%A0%88%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4_15%EC%84%B8_%ED%95%84%EB%A1%9C%ED%8C%8C%ED%86%A0%EB%A5%B4_%ED%95%84%EB%A1%9C%EB%A9%94%ED%86%A0%EB%A5%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%AC%EB%A5%B4" title="프톨레마이오스 15세 필로파토르 필로메토르 카이사르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프톨레마이오스 15세 필로파토르 필로메토르 카이사르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B8%D5%BD_XV_%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Պտղոմեոս XV Կեսարիոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պտղոմեոս XV Կեսարիոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezarion" title="Cezarion – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cezarion" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisarion" title="Kaisarion – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaisarion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Caesarion" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolomeo_XV" title="Tolomeo XV – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tolomeo XV" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="קיסריון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קיסריון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Caesarion" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94_XV" title="პტოლემე XV – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პტოლემე XV" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9e_XV" title="Ptolémée XV – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ptolémée XV" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolem%C4%97jas_XV_Cezarionas" title="Ptolemėjas XV Cezarionas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ptolemėjas XV Cezarionas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV._Ptolemaiosz" title="XV. Ptolemaiosz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="XV. Ptolemaiosz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%98_XV_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Птоломеј XV Цезарион – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Птоломеј XV Цезарион" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pt%C3%B4lemai%C3%B4sy_XV" title="Ptôlemaiôsy XV – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ptôlemaiôsy XV" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="بطليموس الخمستاشر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بطليموس الخمستاشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaeus_XV_Caesarion" title="Ptolemaeus XV Caesarion – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ptolemaeus XV Caesarion" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B915%E4%B8%96" title="プトレマイオス15世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プトレマイオス15世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A6sarion" title="Cæsarion – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cæsarion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeusz_XV_Cezarion" title="Ptolemeusz XV Cezarion – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ptolemeusz XV Cezarion" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeu_XV_Cesari%C3%A3o" title="Ptolemeu XV Cesarião – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ptolemeu XV Cesarião" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeu_al_XV-lea" title="Ptolemeu al XV-lea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ptolemeu al XV-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9_XV_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Птолемей XV Цезарион – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Птолемей XV Цезарион" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="සිසේරියන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිසේරියන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caesarion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Цезарион – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цезарион" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezarion" title="Cezarion – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cezarion" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_XV" title="Ptolemaios XV – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ptolemaios XV" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Caesarion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolomeo_XV_Caesarion" title="Ptolomeo XV Caesarion – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ptolomeo XV Caesarion" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சிசாரியன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிசாரியன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_15_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ทอเลมีที่ 15 ซีซาเรียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทอเลมีที่ 15 ซีซาเรียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisarion" title="Kaisarion – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaisarion" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9_XV_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Птолемей XV Цезаріон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Птолемей XV Цезаріон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%86" title="سیزاریئن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیزاریئن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Caesarion" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Caesarion" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8B%92%E5%AF%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="托勒密十五世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托勒密十五世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 October 2024, at 01:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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