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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Biological Psychiatry</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">4,948 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Biological Psychiatry</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Biological_Psychiatry">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47103306" data-work_id="47103306" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47103306/Neuroleptic_effects_on_the_respiratory_chain">Neuroleptic effects on the respiratory chain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Illinois tit ChicOlgo, Chicago, IL The authors examined the relationship between the uBc of illness onset and the abilily to tolerate a medication-frce period in a sample of acutely ill schizophrenic p:l1ients, Patients were admilted to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47103306" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Illinois tit ChicOlgo, Chicago, IL The authors examined the relationship between the uBc of illness onset and the abilily to tolerate a medication-frce period in a sample of acutely ill schizophrenic p:l1ients, Patients were admilted to an inpalient research unit for the treatment of acule tlnd recurrent psychiatrlc symptoms. Prior medications were disconlinued upon admission to the unit for purposes of clinical research and beh:!vioral assessment uncontamimued by medication side cffecls. The age of illness onset waS significantly and positively correlated with the duration of hospital willlhout. Furthennore, agc of illness onset was significantly correlated with the BPRS total score and the BPRS !lostility/suspiciousness faclOr measured at the end of washout. Our results suggest that early onset schizophrenics ddcrior.J.tc more rnpidly in an acute episode than do their later onset countel'Jlilt15.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47103306" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b722eee595be4bbfad6d4d8f84838ea9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66374382,"asset_id":47103306,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66374382/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32736302" href="https://amc.academia.edu/DonaldHiggins">Donald S Higgins</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32736302" type="text/json">{"id":32736302,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Higgins","domain_name":"amc","page_name":"DonaldHiggins","display_name":"Donald S Higgins","profile_url":"https://amc.academia.edu/DonaldHiggins?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32736302/25944143/24592592/s65_donald.higgins.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47103306 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47103306"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47103306, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47103306", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47103306 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47103306; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47103306"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47103306 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47103306"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47103306; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47103306]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47103306").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47103306").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47103306"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159283" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_Respiratory_Chain">Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159283" type="text/json">{"id":159283,"name":"Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_Respiratory_Chain?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2922956" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences">Psychology and Cognitive Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2922956" type="text/json">{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47103306]'), work: {"id":47103306,"title":"Neuroleptic effects on the respiratory chain","created_at":"2021-04-20T19:28:26.754-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47103306/Neuroleptic_effects_on_the_respiratory_chain?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_47103306","summary":"Illinois tit ChicOlgo, Chicago, IL The authors examined the relationship between the uBc of illness onset and the abilily to tolerate a medication-frce period in a sample of acutely ill schizophrenic p:l1ients, Patients were admilted to an inpalient research unit for the treatment of acule tlnd recurrent psychiatrlc symptoms. Prior medications were disconlinued upon admission to the unit for purposes of clinical research and beh:!vioral assessment uncontamimued by medication side cffecls. The age of illness onset waS significantly and positively correlated with the duration of hospital willlhout. Furthennore, agc of illness onset was significantly correlated with the BPRS total score and the BPRS !lostility/suspiciousness faclOr measured at the end of washout. Our results suggest that early onset schizophrenics ddcrior.J.tc more rnpidly in an acute episode than do their later onset countel'Jlilt15.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66374382,"asset_id":47103306,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32736302,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Higgins","domain_name":"amc","page_name":"DonaldHiggins","display_name":"Donald S Higgins","profile_url":"https://amc.academia.edu/DonaldHiggins?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32736302/25944143/24592592/s65_donald.higgins.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":159283,"name":"Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_Respiratory_Chain?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8930775" data-work_id="8930775" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8930775/481_Effect_of_maternal_separation_on_behavioural_analogues_of_depression_in_C57BL_6J_mice">481. Effect of maternal separation on behavioural analogues of depression in C57BL/6J mice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) are an ideal population for evaluating physiological effects of circulating concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-S. Secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8930775" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) are an ideal population for evaluating physiological effects of circulating concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-S. Secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to adrenocorticotropin, these neurosteroids are in vitro negative modulators of the GABAA-receptor. The study was designed to assess the effects of DHEA and the GABA-agonist alprazolam (ALP) on saccadic eye movements (SEMs) in 4 AI patients and matched control subjects. The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover with treatments of placebo, DHEA, ALP, and ALPϩDHEA. On each study day, blood samples were obtained and SEMs were assessed at 10 sessions in 12 hours after single-day oral administration of study drug(s). Patients with AI had lower DHEA and DHEA-S than control subjects in the placebo treatment (p Ͻ 0.0001). After DHEA, there were similar DHEA-S, but lower DHEA concentrations in AI subjects. Baseline SEMs were similar for both groups. AI and controls missed 7 and 1 sessions, respectively due to impairment. After ALP and ALPϩDHEA, 5 and 3 sessions were missed, respectively. Peak SEM velocity (VEL) was faster (2) or equal (2) after ALPϩDH than after ALP in AI; in controls, VEL was slower (3) or equal (1), respectively. These data from a limited number of subjects suggest that single day DHEA ameliorates ALP-induced slowing of VEL in patients with AI. In controls, DHEA worsens impairment. Since SEM VEL is a GABAAreceptor mediated response not under voluntary control, these data support justification for administering DHEA to patients with AI, but not to healthy individuals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8930775" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51d3b5a467031309661a80f50aafd895" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47949514,"asset_id":8930775,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47949514/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19748342" href="https://ucalgary.academia.edu/GMacQueen">G MacQueen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19748342" type="text/json">{"id":19748342,"first_name":"G","last_name":"MacQueen","domain_name":"ucalgary","page_name":"GMacQueen","display_name":"G MacQueen","profile_url":"https://ucalgary.academia.edu/GMacQueen?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8930775 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8930775"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8930775, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8930775", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8930775 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8930775; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8930775"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8930775 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8930775"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8930775; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8930775]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8930775").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8930775").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8930775"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8930775]'), work: {"id":8930775,"title":"481. Effect of maternal separation on behavioural analogues of depression in C57BL/6J mice","created_at":"2014-10-23T13:02:17.857-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8930775/481_Effect_of_maternal_separation_on_behavioural_analogues_of_depression_in_C57BL_6J_mice?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_8930775","summary":"Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) are an ideal population for evaluating physiological effects of circulating concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-S. Secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to adrenocorticotropin, these neurosteroids are in vitro negative modulators of the GABAA-receptor. The study was designed to assess the effects of DHEA and the GABA-agonist alprazolam (ALP) on saccadic eye movements (SEMs) in 4 AI patients and matched control subjects. The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover with treatments of placebo, DHEA, ALP, and ALPϩDHEA. On each study day, blood samples were obtained and SEMs were assessed at 10 sessions in 12 hours after single-day oral administration of study drug(s). Patients with AI had lower DHEA and DHEA-S than control subjects in the placebo treatment (p Ͻ 0.0001). After DHEA, there were similar DHEA-S, but lower DHEA concentrations in AI subjects. Baseline SEMs were similar for both groups. AI and controls missed 7 and 1 sessions, respectively due to impairment. After ALP and ALPϩDHEA, 5 and 3 sessions were missed, respectively. Peak SEM velocity (VEL) was faster (2) or equal (2) after ALPϩDH than after ALP in AI; in controls, VEL was slower (3) or equal (1), respectively. These data from a limited number of subjects suggest that single day DHEA ameliorates ALP-induced slowing of VEL in patients with AI. In controls, DHEA worsens impairment. Since SEM VEL is a GABAAreceptor mediated response not under voluntary control, these data support justification for administering DHEA to patients with AI, but not to healthy individuals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47949514,"asset_id":8930775,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19748342,"first_name":"G","last_name":"MacQueen","domain_name":"ucalgary","page_name":"GMacQueen","display_name":"G MacQueen","profile_url":"https://ucalgary.academia.edu/GMacQueen?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11027084" data-work_id="11027084" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11027084/HPA_axis_reactivity_a_mechanism_underlying_the_associations_among_5_HTTLPR_stress_and_depression">HPA axis reactivity: a mechanism underlying the associations among 5-HTTLPR, stress, and depression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Recent evidence indicates that individuals who are homozygous for the short (s) allele in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene have higher rates of depression and other psychiatric disorders as a function of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11027084" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Recent evidence indicates that individuals who are homozygous for the short (s) allele in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene have higher rates of depression and other psychiatric disorders as a function of exposure to increasing levels of stressful life events than do individuals who have one or two copies of the long (l ) allele. Despite the reliability of this association, the mechanism by which this polymorphism confers risk for psychopathology in the presence of stress is not understood. This study was designed to examine the formulation that individuals who are homozygous for the s allele are characterized by a greater biological reactivity to stress than are their counterparts who have one or two copies of the l allele.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11027084" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f35d8c8638c177b8913f27b0579289e4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46960166,"asset_id":11027084,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46960166/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26683470" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MinorKelly">Kelly Minor</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26683470" type="text/json">{"id":26683470,"first_name":"Kelly","last_name":"Minor","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MinorKelly","display_name":"Kelly Minor","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MinorKelly?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11027084 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11027084"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11027084, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11027084", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11027084 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11027084; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11027084"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11027084 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11027084"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11027084; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11027084]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11027084").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11027084").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11027084"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9729" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress">Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9729" type="text/json">{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11027084]'), work: {"id":11027084,"title":"HPA axis reactivity: a mechanism underlying the associations among 5-HTTLPR, stress, and depression","created_at":"2015-02-23T16:13:53.745-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11027084/HPA_axis_reactivity_a_mechanism_underlying_the_associations_among_5_HTTLPR_stress_and_depression?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_11027084","summary":"Background: Recent evidence indicates that individuals who are homozygous for the short (s) allele in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene have higher rates of depression and other psychiatric disorders as a function of exposure to increasing levels of stressful life events than do individuals who have one or two copies of the long (l ) allele. Despite the reliability of this association, the mechanism by which this polymorphism confers risk for psychopathology in the presence of stress is not understood. This study was designed to examine the formulation that individuals who are homozygous for the s allele are characterized by a greater biological reactivity to stress than are their counterparts who have one or two copies of the l allele.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46960166,"asset_id":11027084,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26683470,"first_name":"Kelly","last_name":"Minor","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MinorKelly","display_name":"Kelly Minor","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MinorKelly?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=49600"},{"id":77794,"name":"Major Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":102339,"name":"Serotonin Transporter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin_Transporter?f_ri=49600"},{"id":131835,"name":"HPA axis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HPA_axis?f_ri=49600"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=49600"},{"id":306766,"name":"Arousal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arousal?f_ri=49600"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=49600"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12649873" data-work_id="12649873" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12649873/Impaired_Hierarchical_Control_Within_the_Lateral_Prefrontal_Cortex_in_Schizophrenia">Impaired Hierarchical Control Within the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In schizophrenia, disturbances of cognitive control have been associated with impaired functional specialization within the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), but little is known about the functional interactions between specialized LPFC... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12649873" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In schizophrenia, disturbances of cognitive control have been associated with impaired functional specialization within the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), but little is known about the functional interactions between specialized LPFC subregions. Here, we addressed this question with a recent model that describes the LPFC functioning as a cascade of control processes along a rostrocaudal axis, whereby anterior frontal regions influence the processing in posterior frontal regions to guide action selection on the basis of the temporal structure of information.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12649873" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="328668adbd7f1e6bd9977d6c6464ac65" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46028985,"asset_id":12649873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46028985/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31635258" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhilippeDomenech">Philippe Domenech</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31635258" type="text/json">{"id":31635258,"first_name":"Philippe","last_name":"Domenech","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PhilippeDomenech","display_name":"Philippe Domenech","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PhilippeDomenech?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12649873 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12649873"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12649873, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12649873", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12649873 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12649873; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12649873"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12649873 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12649873"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12649873; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12649873]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12649873").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12649873").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12649873"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1026" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysiology">Psychophysiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1026" type="text/json">{"id":1026,"name":"Psychophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysiology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28576" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex">Prefrontal Cortex</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28576" type="text/json">{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12649873]'), work: {"id":12649873,"title":"Impaired Hierarchical Control Within the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia","created_at":"2015-05-28T07:14:06.354-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12649873/Impaired_Hierarchical_Control_Within_the_Lateral_Prefrontal_Cortex_in_Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_12649873","summary":"In schizophrenia, disturbances of cognitive control have been associated with impaired functional specialization within the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), but little is known about the functional interactions between specialized LPFC subregions. Here, we addressed this question with a recent model that describes the LPFC functioning as a cascade of control processes along a rostrocaudal axis, whereby anterior frontal regions influence the processing in posterior frontal regions to guide action selection on the basis of the temporal structure of information.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46028985,"asset_id":12649873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31635258,"first_name":"Philippe","last_name":"Domenech","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PhilippeDomenech","display_name":"Philippe Domenech","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PhilippeDomenech?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1026,"name":"Psychophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysiology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":124951,"name":"Effective Connectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effective_Connectivity?f_ri=49600"},{"id":142889,"name":"Mental processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_processes?f_ri=49600"},{"id":704401,"name":"Neural pathways","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_pathways?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1621567,"name":"Hierarchical Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hierarchical_Control?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13428080" data-work_id="13428080" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13428080/Long_term_treatment_with_paroxetine_increases_verbal_declarative_memory_and_hippocampal_volume_in_posttraumatic_stress_disorder">Long-term treatment with paroxetine increases verbal declarative memory and hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Animal studies have shown that stress is associated with damage to the hippocampus, inhibition of neurogenesis, and deficits in hippocampal-based memory dysfunction. Studies in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) found... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13428080" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Animal studies have shown that stress is associated with damage to the hippocampus, inhibition of neurogenesis, and deficits in hippocampal-based memory dysfunction. Studies in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) found deficits in hippocampal-based declarative verbal memory and smaller hippocampal volume, as measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recent preclinical evidence has shown that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors promote neurogenesis and reverse the effects of stress on hippocampal atrophy. This study assessed the effects of long-term treatment with paroxetine on hippocampal volume and declarative memory performance in PTSD. Declarative memory was assessed with the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised and Selective Reminding Test before and after 9-12 months of treatment with paroxetine in PTSD. Hippocampal volume was measured with MRI. Of the 28 patients who started the protocol, 23 completed the full course of treatment and neuropsychological testin...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13428080" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bac80d8d4a3820e4ba5a5abc9ec15fd7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45354172,"asset_id":13428080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45354172/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30185021" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/EricVermetten">Eric Vermetten</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30185021" type="text/json">{"id":30185021,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Vermetten","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"EricVermetten","display_name":"Eric Vermetten","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/EricVermetten?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30185021/8840702/9869469/s65_eric.vermetten.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13428080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13428080"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13428080, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13428080", }); 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Studies in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) found deficits in hippocampal-based declarative verbal memory and smaller hippocampal volume, as measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recent preclinical evidence has shown that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors promote neurogenesis and reverse the effects of stress on hippocampal atrophy. This study assessed the effects of long-term treatment with paroxetine on hippocampal volume and declarative memory performance in PTSD. Declarative memory was assessed with the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised and Selective Reminding Test before and after 9-12 months of treatment with paroxetine in PTSD. Hippocampal volume was measured with MRI. Of the 28 patients who started the protocol, 23 completed the full course of treatment and neuropsychological testin...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45354172,"asset_id":13428080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30185021,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Vermetten","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"EricVermetten","display_name":"Eric Vermetten","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/EricVermetten?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30185021/8840702/9869469/s65_eric.vermetten.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3595,"name":"Individuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individuality?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":46858,"name":"Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological 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report","created_at":"2015-10-30T00:55:25.804-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17501787/Behavioral_laterality_in_individuals_with_Gilles_de_la_Tourettes_syndrome_and_basal_ganglia_alterations_A_preliminary_report?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_17501787","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39545383,"asset_id":17501787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15215435,"first_name":"Yanki","last_name":"Yazgan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YankiYazgan","display_name":"Yanki Yazgan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YankiYazgan?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15215435/13323962/14571730/s65_yanki.yazgan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" 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rad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JavadAlaghbandrad?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48810210/78759263/67315332/s65_javad.alaghband_rad.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":28663,"name":"Language disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_disorders?f_ri=49600"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological 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Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74392284" data-work_id="74392284" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74392284/Effect_of_transcranial_magnetic_stimulation_in_posttraumatic_stress_disorder_a_preliminary_study">Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation in posttraumatic stress disorder: a preliminary study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become, over the last few years, a promising avenue for new research in affective disorders. In this study we have evaluated the clinical effect of slow TMS on posttraumatic stress... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74392284" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become, over the last few years, a promising avenue for new research in affective disorders. In this study we have evaluated the clinical effect of slow TMS on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Methods: Ten PTSD patients were given one session of slow TMS with 30 pulses of 1 m/sec each, 15 to each side of the motor cortex. Results: Symptoms of PTSD were assessed by using three psychological assessment scales, at four different time points. In this first, pilot, open study, TMS was found to be effective in lowering the core symptoms of PTSD: avoidance (as measured by the Impact of Event Scale), anxiety, and somatization (as measured by the Symptom Check List-90). A general clinical improvement was found (as measured by the Clinical Global Impression scale); however, the effect was rather short and transient. Conclusions: The present study showed TMS to be a safe and tolerable intervention with possibly indications of therapeutic efficacy for PTSD patients.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74392284" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7d2745a4f2569d52c89eb449e8d5239f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82561276,"asset_id":74392284,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82561276/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32234344" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CohenHagit">Hagit Cohen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32234344" type="text/json">{"id":32234344,"first_name":"Hagit","last_name":"Cohen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CohenHagit","display_name":"Hagit Cohen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CohenHagit?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74392284 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74392284"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74392284, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74392284", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74392284]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74392284").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74392284").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74392284"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Assessment">Psychological Assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="227" type="text/json">{"id":227,"name":"Psychological Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Assessment?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9729" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress">Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9729" type="text/json">{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28973" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity">Comorbidity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28973" type="text/json">{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74392284]'), work: {"id":74392284,"title":"Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation in posttraumatic stress disorder: a preliminary study","created_at":"2022-03-23T09:03:31.381-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74392284/Effect_of_transcranial_magnetic_stimulation_in_posttraumatic_stress_disorder_a_preliminary_study?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_74392284","summary":"Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become, over the last few years, a promising avenue for new research in affective disorders. In this study we have evaluated the clinical effect of slow TMS on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Methods: Ten PTSD patients were given one session of slow TMS with 30 pulses of 1 m/sec each, 15 to each side of the motor cortex. Results: Symptoms of PTSD were assessed by using three psychological assessment scales, at four different time points. In this first, pilot, open study, TMS was found to be effective in lowering the core symptoms of PTSD: avoidance (as measured by the Impact of Event Scale), anxiety, and somatization (as measured by the Symptom Check List-90). A general clinical improvement was found (as measured by the Clinical Global Impression scale); however, the effect was rather short and transient. Conclusions: The present study showed TMS to be a safe and tolerable intervention with possibly indications of therapeutic efficacy for PTSD patients.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82561276,"asset_id":74392284,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32234344,"first_name":"Hagit","last_name":"Cohen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CohenHagit","display_name":"Hagit Cohen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CohenHagit?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":227,"name":"Psychological Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Assessment?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":81691,"name":"Posttraumatic stress disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":153836,"name":"Motor Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_Cortex?f_ri=49600"},{"id":157943,"name":"Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=49600"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1355489,"name":"Affective Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2663477,"name":"Personality Inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Inventory?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60469628" data-work_id="60469628" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60469628/Clinical_utility_of_the_selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors_in_the_spectrum_of_anxiety">Clinical utility of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the spectrum of anxiety</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are now being employed in the treatment of the full spectrum of anxiety disorders. In comparative trials, the SSRIs are proving to be equal or superior in efficacy to traditional... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60469628" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are now being employed in the treatment of the full spectrum of anxiety disorders. In comparative trials, the SSRIs are proving to be equal or superior in efficacy to traditional antianxiety medications. Due to their favorable side effect profile, safety, and tolerability, they are rapidly replacing older agents in the treatment of anxiety. Neuroanatomical pathways that may be important in the antianxiety effect of the SSRIs are outline and discussed, followed by a review of the clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of this class of medications in the treatment of anxiety disorders.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60469628" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f839656edaead9bc2f29d0a26aefb5a8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73902160,"asset_id":60469628,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73902160/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47205248" href="https://downstate.academia.edu/JCoplan">Jeremy Coplan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47205248" type="text/json">{"id":47205248,"first_name":"Jeremy","last_name":"Coplan","domain_name":"downstate","page_name":"JCoplan","display_name":"Jeremy Coplan","profile_url":"https://downstate.academia.edu/JCoplan?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47205248/18007179/18015128/s65_jeremy.coplan.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60469628 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60469628"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60469628, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60469628", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60469628]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60469628").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60469628").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60469628"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1314" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety_Disorders">Anxiety Disorders</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1314" type="text/json">{"id":1314,"name":"Anxiety Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety_Disorders?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3931" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear">Fear</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3931" type="text/json">{"id":3931,"name":"Fear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60469628]'), work: {"id":60469628,"title":"Clinical utility of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the spectrum of anxiety","created_at":"2021-10-30T14:48:14.224-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60469628/Clinical_utility_of_the_selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors_in_the_spectrum_of_anxiety?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_60469628","summary":"The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are now being employed in the treatment of the full spectrum of anxiety disorders. In comparative trials, the SSRIs are proving to be equal or superior in efficacy to traditional antianxiety medications. Due to their favorable side effect profile, safety, and tolerability, they are rapidly replacing older agents in the treatment of anxiety. Neuroanatomical pathways that may be important in the antianxiety effect of the SSRIs are outline and discussed, followed by a review of the clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of this class of medications in the treatment of anxiety disorders.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73902160,"asset_id":60469628,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47205248,"first_name":"Jeremy","last_name":"Coplan","domain_name":"downstate","page_name":"JCoplan","display_name":"Jeremy Coplan","profile_url":"https://downstate.academia.edu/JCoplan?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47205248/18007179/18015128/s65_jeremy.coplan.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1314,"name":"Anxiety Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety_Disorders?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":3931,"name":"Fear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin?f_ri=49600"},{"id":53331,"name":"Social behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior?f_ri=49600"},{"id":77792,"name":"Generalized Anxiety Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Generalized_Anxiety_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":81691,"name":"Posttraumatic stress disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117218,"name":"Panic Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panic_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":289331,"name":"Social phobia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_phobia?f_ri=49600"},{"id":628583,"name":"Social Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Behavior-1?f_ri=49600"},{"id":698785,"name":"Side Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Side_Effect?f_ri=49600"},{"id":704401,"name":"Neural pathways","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_pathways?f_ri=49600"},{"id":836997,"name":"Anxiety Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1661112,"name":"Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin_Uptake_Inhibitors?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2182370,"name":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":3048514,"name":"Phobic disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phobic_disorders?f_ri=49600"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6007663" data-work_id="6007663" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6007663/Juvenile_Administration_of_Methylphenidate_Attenuates_Adult_Hippocampal_Neurogenesis">Juvenile Administration of Methylphenidate Attenuates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The neural consequences of early-life exposure to methylphenidate (MPH; Ritalin) are of great interest given the widespread, and sometimes inappropriate, use in children. Here we examine the impact of juvenile MPH exposure on adult... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6007663" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The neural consequences of early-life exposure to methylphenidate (MPH; Ritalin) are of great interest given the widespread, and sometimes inappropriate, use in children. Here we examine the impact of juvenile MPH exposure on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Methods: Rats received MPH (2.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, twice daily) or saline (SAL) during preadolescence (postnatal days 20 -35). Hippocampal cell proliferation (Experiment 1), neurogenesis (Experiment 2), and stress-induced changes in cell proliferation (Experiment 3) were assessed at several developmental stages including adulthood. Results: Juvenile exposure to MPH did not alter proliferation at any developmental time point relative to control rats; however, exposure to MPH significantly decreased the long-term survival of newborn cells in adult rats, particularly in the temporal hippocampus. Although MPH-treated rats had higher levels of corticosterone after restraint stress, they did not show the expected greater decrease in hippocampal cell proliferation relative to control animals. Conclusions: Early-life exposure to MPH inhibits the survival of adult-generated neurons in the temporal hippocampus and may reduce progenitor sensitivity to corticosterone-induced decreases in proliferation. These findings suggest that decreased adult neurogenesis is an enduring consequence of early-life exposure to MPH and are discussed for their relevance to humans.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6007663" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="797caa6dcd9d11c4b2243c062e3a3831" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49056797,"asset_id":6007663,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49056797/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8985602" href="https://independent.academia.edu/bola%C3%B1oscarlos">carlos bolaños</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8985602" type="text/json">{"id":8985602,"first_name":"carlos","last_name":"bolaños","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bolañoscarlos","display_name":"carlos bolaños","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bola%C3%B1oscarlos?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6007663 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6007663"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6007663, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6007663", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6007663]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6007663").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6007663").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6007663"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3777" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurogenesis">Neurogenesis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3777" type="text/json">{"id":3777,"name":"Neurogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurogenesis?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6007663]'), work: {"id":6007663,"title":"Juvenile Administration of Methylphenidate Attenuates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis","created_at":"2014-02-09T08:07:33.520-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6007663/Juvenile_Administration_of_Methylphenidate_Attenuates_Adult_Hippocampal_Neurogenesis?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_6007663","summary":"The neural consequences of early-life exposure to methylphenidate (MPH; Ritalin) are of great interest given the widespread, and sometimes inappropriate, use in children. Here we examine the impact of juvenile MPH exposure on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Methods: Rats received MPH (2.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, twice daily) or saline (SAL) during preadolescence (postnatal days 20 -35). Hippocampal cell proliferation (Experiment 1), neurogenesis (Experiment 2), and stress-induced changes in cell proliferation (Experiment 3) were assessed at several developmental stages including adulthood. Results: Juvenile exposure to MPH did not alter proliferation at any developmental time point relative to control rats; however, exposure to MPH significantly decreased the long-term survival of newborn cells in adult rats, particularly in the temporal hippocampus. Although MPH-treated rats had higher levels of corticosterone after restraint stress, they did not show the expected greater decrease in hippocampal cell proliferation relative to control animals. Conclusions: Early-life exposure to MPH inhibits the survival of adult-generated neurons in the temporal hippocampus and may reduce progenitor sensitivity to corticosterone-induced decreases in proliferation. These findings suggest that decreased adult neurogenesis is an enduring consequence of early-life exposure to MPH and are discussed for their relevance to humans.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49056797,"asset_id":6007663,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8985602,"first_name":"carlos","last_name":"bolaños","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bolañoscarlos","display_name":"carlos bolaños","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bola%C3%B1oscarlos?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2749,"name":"Animal 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Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=49600"},{"id":908227,"name":"Organogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organogenesis?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1015223,"name":"Methylphenidate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methylphenidate?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26857435" data-work_id="26857435" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26857435/The_interaction_of_motor_memory_and_emotional_dysfunction_in_Wilsons_disease">The interaction of motor, memory, and emotional dysfunction in Wilson's disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26857435" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06a17ee0eac76976f3f36cae0f743654" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47127958,"asset_id":26857435,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47127958/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MMPI-2">MMPI-2</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2224" type="text/json">{"id":2224,"name":"MMPI-2","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MMPI-2?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43367" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement_disorders">Movement disorders</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43367" type="text/json">{"id":43367,"name":"Movement disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement_disorders?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a 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Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper?f_ri=49600"},{"id":232534,"name":"Health Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Status?f_ri=49600"},{"id":974411,"name":"Memory Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Disorders?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1739636,"name":"Hepatolenticular degeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatolenticular_degeneration?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2444775,"name":"Psychomotor Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychomotor_Performance?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2463800,"name":"Severity of Illness Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Severity_of_Illness_Index?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2467548,"name":"Neuropsychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychological_Tests?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14332758" data-work_id="14332758" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14332758/Association_Study_of_Nonsynonymous_Single_Nucleotide_Polymorphisms_in_Schizophrenia">Association Study of Nonsynonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Schizophrenia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Genome-wide association studies using several hundred thousand anonymous markers present limited statistical power. Alternatively, association studies restricted to common nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14332758" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Genome-wide association studies using several hundred thousand anonymous markers present limited statistical power. Alternatively, association studies restricted to common nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) have the advantage of strongly reducing the multiple testing problem, while increasing the probability of testing functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14332758" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b8252f2c0efd792ff9089a737e7b55a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44313318,"asset_id":14332758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44313318/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33283952" href="https://lincolnutc.academia.edu/josegonzalez">jose gonzalez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33283952" type="text/json">{"id":33283952,"first_name":"jose","last_name":"gonzalez","domain_name":"lincolnutc","page_name":"josegonzalez","display_name":"jose gonzalez","profile_url":"https://lincolnutc.academia.edu/josegonzalez?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33283952/9856937/10986691/s65_jose.gonzalez.jpg_oh_b83b9ae3d5c3402444d342176bc7cdb3_oe_5656bd3a___gda___1447232402_19d3848f6648d281736794cfc3b7977e"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14332758 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14332758"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14332758, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14332758", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14332758 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14332758; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14332758"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14332758 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14332758"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14332758; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14332758]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14332758").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14332758").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14332758"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40516" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain">Spain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40516" type="text/json">{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14332758]'), work: {"id":14332758,"title":"Association Study of Nonsynonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Schizophrenia","created_at":"2015-07-23T08:20:01.974-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14332758/Association_Study_of_Nonsynonymous_Single_Nucleotide_Polymorphisms_in_Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_14332758","summary":"Background: Genome-wide association studies using several hundred thousand anonymous markers present limited statistical power. Alternatively, association studies restricted to common nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) have the advantage of strongly reducing the multiple testing problem, while increasing the probability of testing functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44313318,"asset_id":14332758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33283952,"first_name":"jose","last_name":"gonzalez","domain_name":"lincolnutc","page_name":"josegonzalez","display_name":"jose gonzalez","profile_url":"https://lincolnutc.academia.edu/josegonzalez?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33283952/9856937/10986691/s65_jose.gonzalez.jpg_oh_b83b9ae3d5c3402444d342176bc7cdb3_oe_5656bd3a___gda___1447232402_19d3848f6648d281736794cfc3b7977e"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":52739,"name":"Association study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Association_study?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":125069,"name":"Genetic Association Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Association_Studies?f_ri=49600"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=49600"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=49600"},{"id":403740,"name":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Single_Nucleotide_Polymorphism?f_ri=49600"},{"id":590943,"name":"Metal ion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_ion?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81844190" data-work_id="81844190" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81844190/An_open_trial_of_bupropion_for_the_treatment_of_adults_with_attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_and_bipolar_disorder">An open trial of bupropion for the treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Despite the increasing recognition of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) in adults, there are no prospective trials of pharmacological agents to treat ADHD in these patients.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81844190" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Despite the increasing recognition of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) in adults, there are no prospective trials of pharmacological agents to treat ADHD in these patients. Given the efficacy of bupropion for ADHD in adults, as well as its use in the management of bipolar depression, we studied the tolerability and efficacy of sustained-release (SR) bupropion in adults with ADHD plus BPD. Methods: This was an open, prospective, 6-week trial of bupropion SR (up to 200 mg b.i.d.) in adults with DSM-IV ADHD plus historical bipolar I disorder (BPD I) (10%) or bipolar II disorder (BPD II) (90%). Adults receiving adjunct antimanic agents (mood stabilizers and antipsychotics) at baseline were included in the study. We used standardized psychiatric instruments for diagnosis and outcome. Efficacy was based primarily on the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) for ADHD and the ADHD symptom checklist. Results: Of 36 patients entered (75% male, mean age 34 years), 30 patients (83%) completed the protocol. At end point (last observation carried forward [LOCF]) compared to baseline, treatment with bupropion SR resulted in significant reductions in the ADHD symptom checklist (Ϫ55%, z ϭ 5.63, p Ͻ .001) and CGI severity of ADHD (Ϫ40%, z ϭ 6.285, p Ͻ .001). Bupropion was associated with reductions in ratings of mania and depression. Conclusions: The results from this open study of adults with ADHD plus BPD suggest that sustained-release bupropion may be effective in treating ADHD in the context of a lifetime diagnosis of BPD, without significant activation of mania. Further controlled trials are warranted.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81844190" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f016dcf3d254d5a5ae69640a72ced0f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87746835,"asset_id":81844190,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87746835/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37924126" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertDoyle6">Robert Doyle</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37924126" type="text/json">{"id":37924126,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Doyle","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertDoyle6","display_name":"Robert Doyle","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertDoyle6?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37924126/159630270/149299062/s65_robert.doyle.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81844190 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81844190"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81844190, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81844190", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_81844190 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81844190; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_81844190"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_81844190 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81844190"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81844190; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81844190]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81844190").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81844190").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81844190"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder">Bipolar Disorder</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3230" type="text/json">{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81844190]'), work: {"id":81844190,"title":"An open trial of bupropion for the treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder","created_at":"2022-06-19T13:50:13.385-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81844190/An_open_trial_of_bupropion_for_the_treatment_of_adults_with_attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_and_bipolar_disorder?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_81844190","summary":"Background: Despite the increasing recognition of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) in adults, there are no prospective trials of pharmacological agents to treat ADHD in these patients. Given the efficacy of bupropion for ADHD in adults, as well as its use in the management of bipolar depression, we studied the tolerability and efficacy of sustained-release (SR) bupropion in adults with ADHD plus BPD. Methods: This was an open, prospective, 6-week trial of bupropion SR (up to 200 mg b.i.d.) in adults with DSM-IV ADHD plus historical bipolar I disorder (BPD I) (10%) or bipolar II disorder (BPD II) (90%). Adults receiving adjunct antimanic agents (mood stabilizers and antipsychotics) at baseline were included in the study. We used standardized psychiatric instruments for diagnosis and outcome. Efficacy was based primarily on the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) for ADHD and the ADHD symptom checklist. Results: Of 36 patients entered (75% male, mean age 34 years), 30 patients (83%) completed the protocol. At end point (last observation carried forward [LOCF]) compared to baseline, treatment with bupropion SR resulted in significant reductions in the ADHD symptom checklist (Ϫ55%, z ϭ 5.63, p Ͻ .001) and CGI severity of ADHD (Ϫ40%, z ϭ 6.285, p Ͻ .001). Bupropion was associated with reductions in ratings of mania and depression. Conclusions: The results from this open study of adults with ADHD plus BPD suggest that sustained-release bupropion may be effective in treating ADHD in the context of a lifetime diagnosis of BPD, without significant activation of mania. Further controlled trials are warranted.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87746835,"asset_id":81844190,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37924126,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Doyle","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertDoyle6","display_name":"Robert Doyle","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertDoyle6?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37924126/159630270/149299062/s65_robert.doyle.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":50238,"name":"Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect?f_ri=49600"},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2467548,"name":"Neuropsychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychological_Tests?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2526151,"name":"Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention_deficit_disorder_with_hyperactivity?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2602264,"name":"bupropion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/bupropion?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2754641,"name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder-1?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69254133" data-work_id="69254133" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69254133/The_regulation_of_forebrain_dopamine_transmission_relevance_to_the_pathophysiology_and_psychopathology_of_schizophrenia">The regulation of forebrain dopamine transmission: relevance to the pathophysiology and psychopathology of schizophrenia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since the discovery that the therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic drugs was significantly correlated to their ability to block dopamine D 2 receptors, abnormal dopamine transmission in the forebrain has been postulated to underlie... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69254133" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since the discovery that the therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic drugs was significantly correlated to their ability to block dopamine D 2 receptors, abnormal dopamine transmission in the forebrain has been postulated to underlie psychosis in schizophrenia. In the past 15 years, an impressive amount of clinical and basic research aimed at the study of schizophrenia has indicated that prefrontal and temporal cortical abnormalities may be more important in the etiology of many of the symptoms of schizophrenia, including psychosis. However, the cortical systems that appear to have structural and/or metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia patients potently regulate forebrain dopamine transmission through a number of mechanisms. In turn, dopamine modulates excitatory transmission mediated by frontal and temporal cortical projections to the basal ganglia and other regions. The present review summarizes the multiple interactions between forebrain DA systems and frontal and temporal corticostriatal transmission. It then examines the role of these interactions in normal behaviors and the psychopa</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69254133" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="373e1765f63d1ed487498025fa70afb5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79419971,"asset_id":69254133,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79419971/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="207329028" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HollyMoore33">Holly Moore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="207329028" type="text/json">{"id":207329028,"first_name":"Holly","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HollyMoore33","display_name":"Holly Moore","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HollyMoore33?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/207329028/67559368/55927894/s65_holly.moore.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69254133 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69254133"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69254133, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69254133", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69254133 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69254133; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69254133"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69254133 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69254133"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69254133; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69254133]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69254133").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69254133").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69254133"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69254133]'), work: {"id":69254133,"title":"The regulation of forebrain dopamine transmission: relevance to the pathophysiology and psychopathology of schizophrenia","created_at":"2022-01-23T07:32:03.556-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69254133/The_regulation_of_forebrain_dopamine_transmission_relevance_to_the_pathophysiology_and_psychopathology_of_schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_69254133","summary":"Since the discovery that the therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic drugs was significantly correlated to their ability to block dopamine D 2 receptors, abnormal dopamine transmission in the forebrain has been postulated to underlie psychosis in schizophrenia. In the past 15 years, an impressive amount of clinical and basic research aimed at the study of schizophrenia has indicated that prefrontal and temporal cortical abnormalities may be more important in the etiology of many of the symptoms of schizophrenia, including psychosis. However, the cortical systems that appear to have structural and/or metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia patients potently regulate forebrain dopamine transmission through a number of mechanisms. In turn, dopamine modulates excitatory transmission mediated by frontal and temporal cortical projections to the basal ganglia and other regions. The present review summarizes the multiple interactions between forebrain DA systems and frontal and temporal corticostriatal transmission. It then examines the role of these interactions in normal behaviors and the psychopa","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79419971,"asset_id":69254133,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":207329028,"first_name":"Holly","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HollyMoore33","display_name":"Holly Moore","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HollyMoore33?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/207329028/67559368/55927894/s65_holly.moore.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=49600"},{"id":57557,"name":"Temporal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Lobe?f_ri=49600"},{"id":61233,"name":"Glutamate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutamate?f_ri=49600"},{"id":93922,"name":"Nitric oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_oxide?f_ri=49600"},{"id":151951,"name":"Animal Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Model?f_ri=49600"},{"id":176503,"name":"Synaptic Transmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synaptic_Transmission?f_ri=49600"},{"id":432613,"name":"Animal models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_models?f_ri=49600"},{"id":484219,"name":"Basal ganglia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basal_ganglia?f_ri=49600"},{"id":524508,"name":"Basic Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basic_Research?f_ri=49600"},{"id":612870,"name":"Psychotic Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotic_Disorders?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52831771" data-work_id="52831771" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52831771/Glutamatergic_neurotransmission_involves_structural_and_clinical_deficits_of_schizophrenia">Glutamatergic neurotransmission involves structural and clinical deficits of schizophrenia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Phencyclidine and ketamine induce a syndrome closely resembling schizophrenia due to their blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. These findings suggested that some aspects of schizophrenia are associated with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52831771" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Phencyclidine and ketamine induce a syndrome closely resembling schizophrenia due to their blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. These findings suggested that some aspects of schizophrenia are associated with decreased NMDA-glutamatergic function. We hypothesized that structural and symptomatic deficits in schizophrenia are related to glutamatergic neurotransmission. Methods: We studied the relationships among cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamatergic markers, clinical presentation of schizophrenia, and CT parameters of brain structure in drug-free schizophrenics. Results: We found no significant differences between patients with schizophrenia and controls in CSF glutamatergic markers. When patients with schizophrenia were considered as a group, significant negative correlations between glutamatergic markers and brain structural measures as well as clinical measures were observed. Cluster analysis reveals a group of lower indices of glutamatergic neurotransmission, and more prominent thought disorder as well as ventricular enlargement, and a group with increased glutamate level. Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis that altered glutamatergic neurotransmission plays a role in the brain structure and the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52831771" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a7a9d34a75b78c7d115befb383ab1548" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69905988,"asset_id":52831771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69905988/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38772586" href="https://pitt.academia.edu/DanielVanKammen">Daniel Van Kammen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38772586" type="text/json">{"id":38772586,"first_name":"Daniel Van","last_name":"Kammen","domain_name":"pitt","page_name":"DanielVanKammen","display_name":"Daniel Van Kammen","profile_url":"https://pitt.academia.edu/DanielVanKammen?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38772586/171777567/161773978/s65_daniel_van.kammen.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52831771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52831771"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52831771, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52831771", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52831771]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52831771").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52831771").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52831771"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52831771]'), work: {"id":52831771,"title":"Glutamatergic neurotransmission involves structural and clinical deficits of schizophrenia","created_at":"2021-09-19T06:11:15.029-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52831771/Glutamatergic_neurotransmission_involves_structural_and_clinical_deficits_of_schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_52831771","summary":"Background: Phencyclidine and ketamine induce a syndrome closely resembling schizophrenia due to their blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. These findings suggested that some aspects of schizophrenia are associated with decreased NMDA-glutamatergic function. We hypothesized that structural and symptomatic deficits in schizophrenia are related to glutamatergic neurotransmission. Methods: We studied the relationships among cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamatergic markers, clinical presentation of schizophrenia, and CT parameters of brain structure in drug-free schizophrenics. Results: We found no significant differences between patients with schizophrenia and controls in CSF glutamatergic markers. When patients with schizophrenia were considered as a group, significant negative correlations between glutamatergic markers and brain structural measures as well as clinical measures were observed. Cluster analysis reveals a group of lower indices of glutamatergic neurotransmission, and more prominent thought disorder as well as ventricular enlargement, and a group with increased glutamate level. Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis that altered glutamatergic neurotransmission plays a role in the brain structure and the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69905988,"asset_id":52831771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38772586,"first_name":"Daniel Van","last_name":"Kammen","domain_name":"pitt","page_name":"DanielVanKammen","display_name":"Daniel Van Kammen","profile_url":"https://pitt.academia.edu/DanielVanKammen?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38772586/171777567/161773978/s65_daniel_van.kammen.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":176503,"name":"Synaptic Transmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synaptic_Transmission?f_ri=49600"},{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=49600"},{"id":981291,"name":"Brain Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Chemistry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1292998,"name":"Glutamic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutamic_Acid?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11830364" data-work_id="11830364" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11830364/Some_effects_of_folate_deficiency_on_mentals_status_in_street_dwelling_homeless_mentally_ill">Some effects of folate deficiency on mentals status in street dwelling homeless mentally ill</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11830364" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="303f336461382c7bec3a877efcfee5ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46499298,"asset_id":11830364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46499298/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29187425" href="https://brooklyn-cuny.academia.edu/EnriquePouget">Enrique R Pouget</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29187425" type="text/json">{"id":29187425,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Pouget","domain_name":"brooklyn-cuny","page_name":"EnriquePouget","display_name":"Enrique R Pouget","profile_url":"https://brooklyn-cuny.academia.edu/EnriquePouget?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29187425/19242282/141762869/s65_enrique.pouget.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11830364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11830364"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11830364, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11830364", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11830364]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11830364").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11830364").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11830364"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health">Mental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2827" type="text/json">{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35141" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Illness">Mental Illness</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35141" type="text/json">{"id":35141,"name":"Mental Illness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Illness?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11830364]'), work: {"id":11830364,"title":"Some effects of folate deficiency on mentals status in street dwelling homeless mentally ill","created_at":"2015-04-07T08:37:22.274-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11830364/Some_effects_of_folate_deficiency_on_mentals_status_in_street_dwelling_homeless_mentally_ill?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_11830364","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46499298,"asset_id":11830364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29187425,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Pouget","domain_name":"brooklyn-cuny","page_name":"EnriquePouget","display_name":"Enrique R Pouget","profile_url":"https://brooklyn-cuny.academia.edu/EnriquePouget?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29187425/19242282/141762869/s65_enrique.pouget.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":35141,"name":"Mental Illness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Illness?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68558640" data-work_id="68558640" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68558640/The_%CE%B2_secretase_BACE1_in_Alzheimer_s_disease">The β-secretase BACE1 in Alzheimer’s disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACE1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1) was initially cloned and characterized in 1999. It is required for the generation of all monomeric forms of amyloid-b (Ab), including Ab 42 , which aggregates into bioactive... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68558640" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACE1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1) was initially cloned and characterized in 1999. It is required for the generation of all monomeric forms of amyloid-b (Ab), including Ab 42 , which aggregates into bioactive conformational species and likely initiates toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). BACE1 concentrations and rates of activity are increased in AD brains and body fluids, thereby supporting the hypothesis that BACE1 plays a critical role in AD pathophysiology. Therefore, BACE1 is a prime drug target for slowing down Ab production in early AD. Besides the amyloidogenic pathway, BACE1 has other substrates that may be important for synaptic plasticity and synaptic homeostasis. Indeed, germline and adult conditional BACE1 knockout mice display complex neurological phenotypes. Despite BACE1 inhibitor clinical trials conducted so far being discontinued for futility or safety reasons, BACE1 remains a well-validated therapeutic target for AD. A safe and efficacious compound with high substrate selectivity as well as a more accurate dose regimen, patient population, and disease stage may yet be found. Further research should focus on the role of Ab and BACE1 in physiological processes and key pathophysiological mechanisms of AD. The functions of BACE1 and the homologue BACE2, as well as the biology of Ab in neurons and glia, deserve further investigation. Cellular and molecular studies of BACE1 and BACE2 knockout mice coupled with biomarker-based human research will help elucidate the biological functions of these important enzymes and identify their substrates and downstream effects. Such studies will have critical implications for BACE1 inhibition as a therapeutic approach for AD.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68558640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5573e785ecf5d3427c36b75a2733852e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78992162,"asset_id":68558640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78992162/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="77825030" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MTimmers">Maarten Timmers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="77825030" type="text/json">{"id":77825030,"first_name":"Maarten","last_name":"Timmers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MTimmers","display_name":"Maarten Timmers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MTimmers?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68558640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68558640"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68558640, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68558640", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68558640]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68558640").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68558640").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68558640"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68558640]'), work: {"id":68558640,"title":"The β-secretase BACE1 in Alzheimer’s disease","created_at":"2022-01-17T13:04:24.364-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68558640/The_%CE%B2_secretase_BACE1_in_Alzheimer_s_disease?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_68558640","summary":"BACE1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1) was initially cloned and characterized in 1999. It is required for the generation of all monomeric forms of amyloid-b (Ab), including Ab 42 , which aggregates into bioactive conformational species and likely initiates toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). BACE1 concentrations and rates of activity are increased in AD brains and body fluids, thereby supporting the hypothesis that BACE1 plays a critical role in AD pathophysiology. Therefore, BACE1 is a prime drug target for slowing down Ab production in early AD. Besides the amyloidogenic pathway, BACE1 has other substrates that may be important for synaptic plasticity and synaptic homeostasis. Indeed, germline and adult conditional BACE1 knockout mice display complex neurological phenotypes. Despite BACE1 inhibitor clinical trials conducted so far being discontinued for futility or safety reasons, BACE1 remains a well-validated therapeutic target for AD. A safe and efficacious compound with high substrate selectivity as well as a more accurate dose regimen, patient population, and disease stage may yet be found. Further research should focus on the role of Ab and BACE1 in physiological processes and key pathophysiological mechanisms of AD. The functions of BACE1 and the homologue BACE2, as well as the biology of Ab in neurons and glia, deserve further investigation. Cellular and molecular studies of BACE1 and BACE2 knockout mice coupled with biomarker-based human research will help elucidate the biological functions of these important enzymes and identify their substrates and downstream effects. Such studies will have critical implications for BACE1 inhibition as a therapeutic approach for AD.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78992162,"asset_id":68558640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":77825030,"first_name":"Maarten","last_name":"Timmers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MTimmers","display_name":"Maarten Timmers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MTimmers?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30739634" data-work_id="30739634" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30739634/The_Prevention_of_Recurrent_Episodes_of_Depression_with_Venlafaxine_for_Two_Years_PREVENT_Study_Outcomes_from_the_Acute_and_Continuation_Phases">The Prevention of Recurrent Episodes of Depression with Venlafaxine for Two Years (PREVENT) Study: Outcomes from the Acute and Continuation Phases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">To report second-year results from the 2-year maintenance phase of a longterm study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine extended release (ER) in preventing recurrence of depression.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30739634" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d98b8058e88376ecf9f78d49fcd111a6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51184852,"asset_id":30739634,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51184852/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32945687" href="https://miami.academia.edu/CharlesNemeroff">Charles Nemeroff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32945687" type="text/json">{"id":32945687,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Nemeroff","domain_name":"miami","page_name":"CharlesNemeroff","display_name":"Charles Nemeroff","profile_url":"https://miami.academia.edu/CharlesNemeroff?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30739634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30739634"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30739634, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30739634", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30739634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30739634; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30739634"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30739634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30739634"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30739634; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30739634]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30739634").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30739634").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30739634"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">34</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life">Quality of life</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7470" type="text/json">{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30739634]'), work: {"id":30739634,"title":"The Prevention of Recurrent Episodes of Depression with Venlafaxine for Two Years (PREVENT) Study: Outcomes from the Acute and Continuation Phases","created_at":"2017-01-04T09:47:47.141-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30739634/The_Prevention_of_Recurrent_Episodes_of_Depression_with_Venlafaxine_for_Two_Years_PREVENT_Study_Outcomes_from_the_Acute_and_Continuation_Phases?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_30739634","summary":"To report second-year results from the 2-year maintenance phase of a longterm study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine extended release (ER) in preventing recurrence of depression.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51184852,"asset_id":30739634,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32945687,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Nemeroff","domain_name":"miami","page_name":"CharlesNemeroff","display_name":"Charles Nemeroff","profile_url":"https://miami.academia.edu/CharlesNemeroff?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=49600"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600"},{"id":27240,"name":"Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevention?f_ri=49600"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension?f_ri=49600"},{"id":77794,"name":"Major Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":103108,"name":"Headache","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Headache?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=49600"},{"id":157943,"name":"Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":245071,"name":"Rating Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rating_Scale?f_ri=49600"},{"id":311947,"name":"Major Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depression?f_ri=49600"},{"id":378991,"name":"Outpatients","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outpatients?f_ri=49600"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=49600"},{"id":425873,"name":"Adverse Event","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adverse_Event?f_ri=49600"},{"id":442522,"name":"FLUOXETINE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FLUOXETINE?f_ri=49600"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=49600"},{"id":509782,"name":"Respiratory Tract Infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_Tract_Infections?f_ri=49600"},{"id":543531,"name":"Drug evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_evaluation?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1137107,"name":"Delayed-Action Preparations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delayed-Action_Preparations?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1214764,"name":"Dizziness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dizziness?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1246554,"name":"SECONDARY PREVENTION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SECONDARY_PREVENTION?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1271415,"name":"Long Term Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Study?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1661112,"name":"Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin_Uptake_Inhibitors?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1666580,"name":"Extended release","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extended_release?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1993786,"name":"Cumulant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cumulant?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2430299,"name":"Gastrointestinal Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastrointestinal_Diseases?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2463800,"name":"Severity of Illness Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Severity_of_Illness_Index?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2507648,"name":"Hamilton Depression Rating Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hamilton_Depression_Rating_Scale?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4009089" data-work_id="4009089" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4009089/Amygdala_response_to_facial_expressions_in_children_and_adults">Amygdala response to facial expressions in children and adults</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: The amygdala plays a central role in the human response to affective or emotionally charged stimuli, particularly fear-producing stimuli. We examined the specificity of the amygdala response to facial expressions in adults and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4009089" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: The amygdala plays a central role in the human response to affective or emotionally charged stimuli, particularly fear-producing stimuli. We examined the specificity of the amygdala response to facial expressions in adults and children.Methods: Six adults and 12 children were scanned in a 1.5-T scanner during passive viewing of fearful and neutral faces using an EPI BOLD sequence. All scans were registered to a reference brain, and analyses of variance were conducted on the pooled data to examine interactions with age and gender.Results: Overall, we observed predominantly left amygdala and substantia innominata activity during the presentation of nonmasked fearful faces relative to fixation, and a decrease in activation in these regions with repeated exposure to the faces. Adults showed increased left amygdala activity for fearful faces relative to neutral faces. This pattern was not observed in the children who showed greater amygdala activity with neutral faces than with fearful faces. For the children, there was an interaction of gender and condition whereby boys but not girls showed less activity with repeated exposure to the fearful faces.Conclusions: This is the first study to examine developmental differences in the amygdala response to facial expressions using functional magnetic resonance imaging.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4009089" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1fd45972d3977c026e57e64959672b14" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50088413,"asset_id":4009089,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50088413/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4821017" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClaytonEccard">Clayton Eccard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4821017" type="text/json">{"id":4821017,"first_name":"Clayton","last_name":"Eccard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClaytonEccard","display_name":"Clayton Eccard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClaytonEccard?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4821017/2058531/2423794/s65_clayton.eccard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4009089 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4009089"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4009089, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4009089", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4009089 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4009089; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4009089"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4009089 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4009089"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4009089; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4009089]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4009089").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4009089").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4009089"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21269" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_expression">Facial expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21269" type="text/json">{"id":21269,"name":"Facial expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_expression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4009089]'), work: {"id":4009089,"title":"Amygdala response to facial expressions in children and adults","created_at":"2013-07-12T01:52:46.647-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4009089/Amygdala_response_to_facial_expressions_in_children_and_adults?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_4009089","summary":"Background: The amygdala plays a central role in the human response to affective or emotionally charged stimuli, particularly fear-producing stimuli. We examined the specificity of the amygdala response to facial expressions in adults and children.Methods: Six adults and 12 children were scanned in a 1.5-T scanner during passive viewing of fearful and neutral faces using an EPI BOLD sequence. All scans were registered to a reference brain, and analyses of variance were conducted on the pooled data to examine interactions with age and gender.Results: Overall, we observed predominantly left amygdala and substantia innominata activity during the presentation of nonmasked fearful faces relative to fixation, and a decrease in activation in these regions with repeated exposure to the faces. Adults showed increased left amygdala activity for fearful faces relative to neutral faces. This pattern was not observed in the children who showed greater amygdala activity with neutral faces than with fearful faces. For the children, there was an interaction of gender and condition whereby boys but not girls showed less activity with repeated exposure to the fearful faces.Conclusions: This is the first study to examine developmental differences in the amygdala response to facial expressions using functional magnetic resonance imaging.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50088413,"asset_id":4009089,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4821017,"first_name":"Clayton","last_name":"Eccard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClaytonEccard","display_name":"Clayton Eccard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClaytonEccard?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4821017/2058531/2423794/s65_clayton.eccard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":21269,"name":"Facial expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_expression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=49600"},{"id":103260,"name":"Neuroimage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimage?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":159962,"name":"Amygdala","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amygdala?f_ri=49600"},{"id":306766,"name":"Arousal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arousal?f_ri=49600"},{"id":383087,"name":"Globus Pallidus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globus_Pallidus?f_ri=49600"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27822918 coauthored" data-work_id="27822918" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27822918/Association_between_dementia_and_elevated_TSH_A_community_based_study">Association between dementia and elevated TSH: A community-based study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We report on 194 individuals (96 men and 98 women), aged 65 and over, who had dementia assessments and basal TSH measurements as part of an ongoing epidemiological study of dementing disorders in a larger population. Dementia was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27822918" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We report on 194 individuals (96 men and 98 women), aged 65 and over, who had dementia assessments and basal TSH measurements as part of an ongoing epidemiological study of dementing disorders in a larger population. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R and measured by the Clinical Dementia Rating scale; CDR scores of O, 0.5, and >-1, represent individuals with no dementia (n = 122), possible dementia (n = 29), and definite dementia (n = 43), respectively. The odds ratio for the association of elevated TSH with definite dementia (CDR >-1) was 3.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.6, 9.1) and with possible and~or definite dementia (CDR >-0.5) was 3.8 (95% confidence interval = 1. 6, 9.2), after adjusting for the effects of age, gender, and level of education. This is the first community-based study to report an association between TSH elevation and dementia. Our findings are consistent with recent evidence that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with cognitive impairment, and that thyroidal state may influence cerebral metabolism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27822918" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b8fd645c525f897da257368725568bc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48105695,"asset_id":27822918,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48105695/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52145958" href="https://spanalumni.academia.edu/LynnBurmeister">Lynn Burmeister</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52145958" type="text/json">{"id":52145958,"first_name":"Lynn","last_name":"Burmeister","domain_name":"spanalumni","page_name":"LynnBurmeister","display_name":"Lynn Burmeister","profile_url":"https://spanalumni.academia.edu/LynnBurmeister?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27822918">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27822918"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaryGanguli">Mary Ganguli</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27822918'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27822918').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27822918 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27822918"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27822918, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27822918", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27822918 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27822918; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27822918"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27822918 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27822918"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27822918; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27822918]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27822918").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27822918").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27822918"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3662" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia">Dementia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3662" type="text/json">{"id":3662,"name":"Dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27822918]'), work: {"id":27822918,"title":"Association between dementia and elevated TSH: A community-based study","created_at":"2016-08-16T18:48:24.268-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27822918/Association_between_dementia_and_elevated_TSH_A_community_based_study?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_27822918","summary":"We report on 194 individuals (96 men and 98 women), aged 65 and over, who had dementia assessments and basal TSH measurements as part of an ongoing epidemiological study of dementing disorders in a larger population. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R and measured by the Clinical Dementia Rating scale; CDR scores of O, 0.5, and \u003e-1, represent individuals with no dementia (n = 122), possible dementia (n = 29), and definite dementia (n = 43), respectively. The odds ratio for the association of elevated TSH with definite dementia (CDR \u003e-1) was 3.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.6, 9.1) and with possible and~or definite dementia (CDR \u003e-0.5) was 3.8 (95% confidence interval = 1. 6, 9.2), after adjusting for the effects of age, gender, and level of education. This is the first community-based study to report an association between TSH elevation and dementia. Our findings are consistent with recent evidence that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with cognitive impairment, and that thyroidal state may influence cerebral metabolism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48105695,"asset_id":27822918,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52145958,"first_name":"Lynn","last_name":"Burmeister","domain_name":"spanalumni","page_name":"LynnBurmeister","display_name":"Lynn Burmeister","profile_url":"https://spanalumni.academia.edu/LynnBurmeister?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":52226040,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Ganguli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MaryGanguli","display_name":"Mary Ganguli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MaryGanguli?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":3662,"name":"Dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":213439,"name":"Pennsylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pennsylvania?f_ri=49600"},{"id":231186,"name":"Hypothyroidism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothyroidism?f_ri=49600"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14522716" data-work_id="14522716" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14522716/Childhood_Predictors_of_Adult_Attention_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_Results_from_the_World_Health_Organization_World_Mental_Health_Survey_Initiative">Childhood Predictors of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Although it is known that childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood, childhood predictors of this persistence have not been widely studied.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33477211" href="https://ufro.academia.edu/Mar%C3%ADaMora">María Mora</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33477211" type="text/json">{"id":33477211,"first_name":"María","last_name":"Mora","domain_name":"ufro","page_name":"MaríaMora","display_name":"María Mora","profile_url":"https://ufro.academia.edu/Mar%C3%ADaMora?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14522716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14522716"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14522716, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14522716", }); 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persistence have not been widely studied.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44093676,"asset_id":14522716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33477211,"first_name":"María","last_name":"Mora","domain_name":"ufro","page_name":"MaríaMora","display_name":"María Mora","profile_url":"https://ufro.academia.edu/Mar%C3%ADaMora?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2350,"name":"Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention-Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":8270,"name":"Forecasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence">Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1697" type="text/json">{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2073" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anger">Anger</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2073" type="text/json">{"id":2073,"name":"Anger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anger?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" 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cases","created_at":"2021-10-18T06:46:42.419-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/58817135/The_use_of_carbamazepine_for_episodic_violence_in_multiple_personality_disorder_and_dissociative_disorder_not_otherwise_specified_Two_additional_cases?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_58817135","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73045464,"asset_id":58817135,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40728578,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Coons","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CoonsPhilip","display_name":"Philip Coons","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CoonsPhilip?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":2073,"name":"Anger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anger?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=49600"},{"id":96213,"name":"Hospitalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitalization?f_ri=49600"},{"id":154385,"name":"Dissociative disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissociative_disorders?f_ri=49600"},{"id":382466,"name":"Carbamazepine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbamazepine?f_ri=49600"},{"id":770520,"name":"Multiple Personality Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Personality_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15152296" data-work_id="15152296" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15152296/Activity_and_Connectivity_of_Brain_Mood_Regulating_Circuit_in_Depression_A_Functional_Magnetic_Resonance_Study">Activity and Connectivity of Brain Mood Regulating Circuit in Depression: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Functional imaging studies indicate that imbalances in cortico-limbic activity and connectivity may underlie the pathophysiology of MDD. In this study, using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), we investigated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15152296" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Functional imaging studies indicate that imbalances in cortico-limbic activity and connectivity may underlie the pathophysiology of MDD. In this study, using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), we investigated differences in cortico-limbic activity and connectivity between depressed patients and healthy controls. Methods: Fifteen unmedicated unipolar depressed patients and 15 matched healthy subjects underwent fMRI during which they first completed a conventional block-design activation experiment in which they were exposed to negative and neutral pictures. Next, low frequency blood oxygenation dependent (BOLD) related fluctuations (LFBF) data were acquired at rest and during steady-state exposure to neutral, positive and negative pictures. LFBF correlations were calculated between anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and limbic regions -amygdala (AMYG), pallidostriatum (PST) and medial thalamus (MTHAL) and used as a measure of cortico-limbic connectivity. Results: Depressed patients had increased activation of cortical and limbic regions. At rest and during exposure to neutral, positive, and negative pictures cortico-limbic LFBF correlations were decreased in depressed patients compared to healthy subjects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15152296" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="995578093af876fdd0b7e944663d43b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42806238,"asset_id":15152296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42806238/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34192688" href="https://case.academia.edu/AmitAnand">Amit Anand</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34192688" type="text/json">{"id":34192688,"first_name":"Amit","last_name":"Anand","domain_name":"case","page_name":"AmitAnand","display_name":"Amit Anand","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/AmitAnand?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15152296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15152296"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15152296, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15152296", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15152296]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15152296").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15152296").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15152296"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30372" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Frequency">Low Frequency</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30372" type="text/json">{"id":30372,"name":"Low Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Frequency?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42162" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions">Emotions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42162" type="text/json">{"id":42162,"name":"Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15152296]'), work: {"id":15152296,"title":"Activity and Connectivity of Brain Mood Regulating Circuit in Depression: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Study","created_at":"2015-08-24T12:24:39.644-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15152296/Activity_and_Connectivity_of_Brain_Mood_Regulating_Circuit_in_Depression_A_Functional_Magnetic_Resonance_Study?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_15152296","summary":"Background: Functional imaging studies indicate that imbalances in cortico-limbic activity and connectivity may underlie the pathophysiology of MDD. In this study, using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), we investigated differences in cortico-limbic activity and connectivity between depressed patients and healthy controls. Methods: Fifteen unmedicated unipolar depressed patients and 15 matched healthy subjects underwent fMRI during which they first completed a conventional block-design activation experiment in which they were exposed to negative and neutral pictures. Next, low frequency blood oxygenation dependent (BOLD) related fluctuations (LFBF) data were acquired at rest and during steady-state exposure to neutral, positive and negative pictures. LFBF correlations were calculated between anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and limbic regions -amygdala (AMYG), pallidostriatum (PST) and medial thalamus (MTHAL) and used as a measure of cortico-limbic connectivity. Results: Depressed patients had increased activation of cortical and limbic regions. At rest and during exposure to neutral, positive, and negative pictures cortico-limbic LFBF correlations were decreased in depressed patients compared to healthy subjects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42806238,"asset_id":15152296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34192688,"first_name":"Amit","last_name":"Anand","domain_name":"case","page_name":"AmitAnand","display_name":"Amit Anand","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/AmitAnand?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":30372,"name":"Low Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Frequency?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":42162,"name":"Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":50238,"name":"Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect?f_ri=49600"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=49600"},{"id":100946,"name":"Functional Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Imaging?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":119259,"name":"Magnetic Resonance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance?f_ri=49600"},{"id":157943,"name":"Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":226366,"name":"Connectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Connectivity?f_ri=49600"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=49600"},{"id":494840,"name":"Limbic System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Limbic_System?f_ri=49600"},{"id":704401,"name":"Neural pathways","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_pathways?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1024379,"name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19481515 coauthored" data-work_id="19481515" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19481515/Morphometric_evidence_for_neuronal_and_glial_prefrontal_cell_pathology_in_major_depression">Morphometric evidence for neuronal and glial prefrontal cell pathology in major depression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: This report provides histopathological evidence to support prior neuroimaging findings of decreased volume and altered metabolism in the frontal cortex in major depressive disorder. Methods: Computer-assisted three-dimensional... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19481515" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: This report provides histopathological evidence to support prior neuroimaging findings of decreased volume and altered metabolism in the frontal cortex in major depressive disorder. Methods: Computer-assisted three-dimensional cell counting was used to reveal abnormal cytoarchitecture in left rostral and caudal orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical regions in subjects with major depression as compared to psychiatrically normal controls.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19481515" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2894642ee753b0a7a4190715e7a4d4d4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40644001,"asset_id":19481515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40644001/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39752972" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CraigStockmeier">Craig Stockmeier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39752972" type="text/json">{"id":39752972,"first_name":"Craig","last_name":"Stockmeier","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CraigStockmeier","display_name":"Craig Stockmeier","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CraigStockmeier?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19481515">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19481515"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://case.academia.edu/JamesOverholser">James Overholser</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/HerbertMeltzer">Herbert Meltzer</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GrazynaRajkowska">Grazyna Rajkowska</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19481515'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19481515').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19481515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19481515"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19481515, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19481515", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19481515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19481515; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19481515"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19481515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19481515"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19481515; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19481515]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19481515").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19481515").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19481515"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28576" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex">Prefrontal Cortex</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28576" type="text/json">{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19481515]'), work: {"id":19481515,"title":"Morphometric evidence for neuronal and glial prefrontal cell pathology in major depression","created_at":"2015-12-04T12:49:34.139-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19481515/Morphometric_evidence_for_neuronal_and_glial_prefrontal_cell_pathology_in_major_depression?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_19481515","summary":"Background: This report provides histopathological evidence to support prior neuroimaging findings of decreased volume and altered metabolism in the frontal cortex in major depressive disorder. Methods: Computer-assisted three-dimensional cell counting was used to reveal abnormal cytoarchitecture in left rostral and caudal orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical regions in subjects with major depression as compared to psychiatrically normal controls.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40644001,"asset_id":19481515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39752972,"first_name":"Craig","last_name":"Stockmeier","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CraigStockmeier","display_name":"Craig Stockmeier","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CraigStockmeier?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33698990,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Overholser","domain_name":"case","page_name":"JamesOverholser","display_name":"James Overholser","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/JamesOverholser?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33698990/10951601/12222098/s65_james.overholser.jpg"},{"id":55724822,"first_name":"Herbert","last_name":"Meltzer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HerbertMeltzer","display_name":"Herbert Meltzer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HerbertMeltzer?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33785795,"first_name":"Grazyna","last_name":"Rajkowska","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GrazynaRajkowska","display_name":"Grazyna Rajkowska","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GrazynaRajkowska?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":77794,"name":"Major Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":130117,"name":"Glial Cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glial_Cell?f_ri=49600"},{"id":134352,"name":"Frontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frontal_Cortex?f_ri=49600"},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons?f_ri=49600"},{"id":201456,"name":"Orbitofrontal cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orbitofrontal_cortex?f_ri=49600"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=49600"},{"id":311947,"name":"Major Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depression?f_ri=49600"},{"id":504035,"name":"Three Dimensional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Dimensional?f_ri=49600"},{"id":609834,"name":"Cortical Thickness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortical_Thickness-1?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1257483,"name":"Frontal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frontal_Lobe?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1877951,"name":"Cell Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Size?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1888321,"name":"Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2449847" data-work_id="2449847" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2449847/Ventricular_Enlargement_in_Poor_Outcome_Schizophrenia">Ventricular Enlargement in Poor-Outcome Schizophrenia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: A subset of patients with schizophrenia, defined on the basis of longitudinal deficits in self-care, may show a classic (“Kraepelinian”) degenerative course. An independent validator of the phenomenologically defined... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2449847" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: A subset of patients with schizophrenia, defined on the basis of longitudinal deficits in self-care, may show a classic (“Kraepelinian”) degenerative course. An independent validator of the phenomenologically defined Kraepelinian subtype might be provided by a structural indicator of possible brain degeneration: ventricular size as measured by computed tomography (CT).Methods: To examine whether Kraepelinian patients would show a differential increase in ventricular size over time, two CT scans were conducted at intervals separated by >4 years, an average of 5 years. Fifty-three male patients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of chronic schizophrenia were subdivided into Kraepelinian (n = 22; mean age = 42 ± 8.6 years) and non-Kraepelinian (n = 31; mean age = 38 ± 12.2 years) subgroups. Kraepelinian patients were defined on the basis of longitudinal criteria: >5 years of complete dependence on others for life necessities and care, lack of employment, and sustained symptomatology. Thirteen normal elderly volunteers (mean age = 60 ± 17.8) were also scanned at 4-year intervals. CT measurements were made by raters without knowledge of subgroup membership. A semiautomated computer program was used to trace the anterior horn, lateral ventricles, and temporal horns for each slice level on which they were clearly seen.Results: The ventricles showed a bilateral increase in size over the 4-year interval in the Kraepelinian subgroup, more marked in the left hemisphere than the right. By contrast, neither the non-Kraepelinian subgroup nor the normal volunteers showed significant CT changes from scan 1 to scan 2.Conclusions: Thus, the longitudinal dysfunctions in self-care that characterize the Kraepelinian patients were associated with an independent indicator of brain abnormality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2449847" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b5cb85732c99f46faaa2019fab464c84" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50619489,"asset_id":2449847,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50619489/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3190936" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/MonteBuchsbaum">Monte Buchsbaum</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3190936" type="text/json">{"id":3190936,"first_name":"Monte","last_name":"Buchsbaum","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"MonteBuchsbaum","display_name":"Monte Buchsbaum","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/MonteBuchsbaum?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3190936/1049535/1310739/s65_monte.buchsbaum.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2449847 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2449847"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2449847, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2449847", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2449847 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2449847; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2449847"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2449847 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2449847"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2449847; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2449847]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2449847").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2449847").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2449847"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1648" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computed_Tomography">Computed Tomography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1648" type="text/json">{"id":1648,"name":"Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computed_Tomography?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37848" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurodegenerative_Diseases">Neurodegenerative Diseases</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37848" type="text/json">{"id":37848,"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurodegenerative_Diseases?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2449847]'), work: {"id":2449847,"title":"Ventricular Enlargement in Poor-Outcome Schizophrenia","created_at":"2013-01-23T02:48:50.905-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2449847/Ventricular_Enlargement_in_Poor_Outcome_Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_2449847","summary":"Background: A subset of patients with schizophrenia, defined on the basis of longitudinal deficits in self-care, may show a classic (“Kraepelinian”) degenerative course. An independent validator of the phenomenologically defined Kraepelinian subtype might be provided by a structural indicator of possible brain degeneration: ventricular size as measured by computed tomography (CT).Methods: To examine whether Kraepelinian patients would show a differential increase in ventricular size over time, two CT scans were conducted at intervals separated by \u003e4 years, an average of 5 years. Fifty-three male patients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of chronic schizophrenia were subdivided into Kraepelinian (n = 22; mean age = 42 ± 8.6 years) and non-Kraepelinian (n = 31; mean age = 38 ± 12.2 years) subgroups. Kraepelinian patients were defined on the basis of longitudinal criteria: \u003e5 years of complete dependence on others for life necessities and care, lack of employment, and sustained symptomatology. Thirteen normal elderly volunteers (mean age = 60 ± 17.8) were also scanned at 4-year intervals. CT measurements were made by raters without knowledge of subgroup membership. A semiautomated computer program was used to trace the anterior horn, lateral ventricles, and temporal horns for each slice level on which they were clearly seen.Results: The ventricles showed a bilateral increase in size over the 4-year interval in the Kraepelinian subgroup, more marked in the left hemisphere than the right. By contrast, neither the non-Kraepelinian subgroup nor the normal volunteers showed significant CT changes from scan 1 to scan 2.Conclusions: Thus, the longitudinal dysfunctions in self-care that characterize the Kraepelinian patients were associated with an independent indicator of brain abnormality.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50619489,"asset_id":2449847,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3190936,"first_name":"Monte","last_name":"Buchsbaum","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"MonteBuchsbaum","display_name":"Monte Buchsbaum","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/MonteBuchsbaum?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3190936/1049535/1310739/s65_monte.buchsbaum.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1648,"name":"Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computed_Tomography?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":37848,"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurodegenerative_Diseases?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":57557,"name":"Temporal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Lobe?f_ri=49600"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=49600"},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=49600"},{"id":209591,"name":"Ct Scan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ct_Scan?f_ri=49600"},{"id":258979,"name":"Computer Program","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Program?f_ri=49600"},{"id":280458,"name":"Brain atrophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_atrophy?f_ri=49600"},{"id":330953,"name":"Longitudinal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Studies?f_ri=49600"},{"id":357850,"name":"Atrophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atrophy?f_ri=49600"},{"id":436755,"name":"Degeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Degeneration?f_ri=49600"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=49600"},{"id":810789,"name":"Left Hemisphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Hemisphere?f_ri=49600"},{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26848348" data-work_id="26848348" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26848348/Histones_are_components_of_senile_plaques_in_Alzheimers_disease">Histones are components of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An altered histone complement has been demonstrated biochemically in the brain cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to study the morphological correlates of this finding we applied the ammoniacal silver reaction... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26848348" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An altered histone complement has been demonstrated biochemically in the brain cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to study the morphological correlates of this finding we applied the ammoniacal silver reaction which visualizes color differences in the nuclear histones in Epon semithin sections. Yellow staining reveals lysine-rich histones, whereas black staining reveals arginine-rich components. Pieces of frontal cortex of three AD patients and three controls were fixed in sodium acetate neutralized formalin and processed for electron microscopy. We examined several semithin sections of the cortex of the controls and noted black deposits only in the neuronal, glial, and endothelial nuclei as expected. Semithin sections of the cortex of the AD patients, while not showing differences in the staining of the nuclei from that of controls, revealed intense staining of all senile plaques (SP) in the section, from diffuse to burnt out. The arginine-rich histones were localized in central cores and in neurites of the SP, while lysine-rich histones were more prevalent in the diffuse and the primitive SP. These results show enormous amounts of histones abnormally localized in extranuclear sites. This finding may justify the high-serum titers of antihistone antibodies reported in AD patients. The arginine-rich histones are localized in sites of 13-amyloid precursor protein accumulation. Support for such a co-localization derives from biochemical studies showing that 13-APP tightly and selectively binds histories, especially the arginine-rich H4. The significance of these findings for AD pathogenesis remains to be determined.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26848348" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f0fed4a97c255f6ff9f4e1effeee72e6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47118413,"asset_id":26848348,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47118413/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50816372" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/GeorgePappas">George Pappas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50816372" type="text/json">{"id":50816372,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Pappas","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"GeorgePappas","display_name":"George Pappas","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/GeorgePappas?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50816372/13437536/66399650/s65_george.pappas.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26848348 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26848348"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26848348, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26848348", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26848348 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26848348; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26848348"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26848348 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26848348"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26848348; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26848348]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26848348").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26848348").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26848348"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2058474" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Senile_Plaques">Senile Plaques</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2058474" type="text/json">{"id":2058474,"name":"Senile Plaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Senile_Plaques?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26848348]'), work: {"id":26848348,"title":"Histones are components of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease","created_at":"2016-07-08T18:12:06.532-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26848348/Histones_are_components_of_senile_plaques_in_Alzheimers_disease?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_26848348","summary":"An altered histone complement has been demonstrated biochemically in the brain cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to study the morphological correlates of this finding we applied the ammoniacal silver reaction which visualizes color differences in the nuclear histones in Epon semithin sections. Yellow staining reveals lysine-rich histones, whereas black staining reveals arginine-rich components. Pieces of frontal cortex of three AD patients and three controls were fixed in sodium acetate neutralized formalin and processed for electron microscopy. We examined several semithin sections of the cortex of the controls and noted black deposits only in the neuronal, glial, and endothelial nuclei as expected. Semithin sections of the cortex of the AD patients, while not showing differences in the staining of the nuclei from that of controls, revealed intense staining of all senile plaques (SP) in the section, from diffuse to burnt out. The arginine-rich histones were localized in central cores and in neurites of the SP, while lysine-rich histones were more prevalent in the diffuse and the primitive SP. These results show enormous amounts of histones abnormally localized in extranuclear sites. This finding may justify the high-serum titers of antihistone antibodies reported in AD patients. The arginine-rich histones are localized in sites of 13-amyloid precursor protein accumulation. Support for such a co-localization derives from biochemical studies showing that 13-APP tightly and selectively binds histories, especially the arginine-rich H4. The significance of these findings for AD pathogenesis remains to be determined.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47118413,"asset_id":26848348,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50816372,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Pappas","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"GeorgePappas","display_name":"George Pappas","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/GeorgePappas?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50816372/13437536/66399650/s65_george.pappas.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":2058474,"name":"Senile Plaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Senile_Plaques?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_994900" data-work_id="994900" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/994900/Biologie_en_psychiatrie_Ethische_aspecten_van_de_preventie_van_antisocial_gedrag_bij_kinderen_Biology_and_psychiatry_Ethical_aspects_of_the_prevention_of_antisocial_behaviour_in_children_in_Dutch_">Biologie en psychiatrie, Ethische aspecten van de preventie van antisocial gedrag bij kinderen”, [Biology and psychiatry, Ethical aspects of the prevention of antisocial behaviour in children, in Dutch]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"[English below] Achtergrond Genetisch en neurobiologisch onderzoek naar het ontstaan van antisociaal gedrag spelen een steeds belangrijker rol in de forensische psychiatrie. Doel Bijdragen aan ethische en maatschappelijke reflectie... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_994900" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"[English below] <br /> <br />Achtergrond Genetisch en neurobiologisch onderzoek naar het ontstaan van antisociaal gedrag spelen een steeds belangrijker rol in de forensische psychiatrie. <br /> <br />Doel Bijdragen aan ethische en maatschappelijke reflectie op de mogelijke consequenties van dergelijk onderzoek voor de preventie van antisociaal gedrag. <br /> <br />Methode Een ethische analyse waarin wij met de concepten ‘geïnformeerde toestemming’ en ‘best-interests’ onderzoeken met wie en met welke belangen rekening gehouden moet worden bij de toepassing van mogelijke nieuwe preventiemaatregelen. <br /> <br />Resultaten Het is belangrijk om te differentiëren tussen verschillende mogelijke doelgroepen. Vanuit ethisch oogpunt maakt het verschil of het gaat om vroege herkenning en <br />preventieve ingrepen bij kinderen zonder symptomen, maar met een verhoogd risico, om de (sub)typering en preventieve behandeling van kinderen met al bestaande relevante gedragsproblemen, of om de behandeling van kinderen met een antisociale gedragsstoornis van wie de ouders de <br />kinderpsychiater om hulp vragen. <br /> <br />Conclusie Vanuit ethisch oogpunt is het van secundair belang of preventieve maatregelen gebaseerd zijn op genetisch en neurobiologisch dan wel op sociaal en psychologisch onderzoek. <br />Belangrijker is om te bepalen op wie zij gericht zijn en hoe met preventie om wordt gegaan. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />English <br /> <br />Background Genetic and neurobiological research into the causes of antisocial behaviour is playing an increasingly important role in forensic psychiatry. <br /> <br />Aim To contribute some ethical and societal reflections on the possible consequences of this kind of research for the prevention of antisocial behaviour. <br /> <br />Method In this ethical analysis, which gives attention to the concepts of ‘informed consent’ and ‘best interests’, we investigate which persons and which interests need to be taken into account when new preventive measures are implemented. <br /> <br />Results It is important to differentiate between distinct target groups. From an ethical point of view it makes a difference whether measures are related to the early identification of <br />a-symptomatic high-risk children and appropriate preventive interventions, or whether they are directed towards the (sub)typing and preventive treatment of children who already have <br />behavioural problems or whether they are concerned with the treatment of children with conduct disorders whose parents have asked the child psychiatrist for assistance. <br /> <br />Conclusion From an ethical point of view it is not really important whether prevention measures are based on genetic and neurobiological research or on societal and psychological <br />research. What is more important is that these measures target particular groups of children and that prevention is implemented in an appropriate manner."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/994900" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a45b779f0a029c85edbd40fc54fd022b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31457927,"asset_id":994900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31457927/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="119591" href="https://unimaas.academia.edu/DorotheeHorstk%C3%B6tter">Dorothee Horstkötter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="119591" type="text/json">{"id":119591,"first_name":"Dorothee","last_name":"Horstkötter","domain_name":"unimaas","page_name":"DorotheeHorstkötter","display_name":"Dorothee Horstkötter","profile_url":"https://unimaas.academia.edu/DorotheeHorstk%C3%B6tter?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/119591/32105/17881226/s65_dorothee.horstk_tter.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_994900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="994900"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 994900, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_994900", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=994900]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_994900").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_994900").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="994900"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8562" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informed_Consent">Informed Consent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8562" type="text/json">{"id":8562,"name":"Informed Consent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informed_Consent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26965" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention">Crime Prevention</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26965" type="text/json">{"id":26965,"name":"Crime Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28690" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Genetics">Psychiatric Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28690" type="text/json">{"id":28690,"name":"Psychiatric Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Genetics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antisocial_Behaviour">Antisocial Behaviour</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38370" type="text/json">{"id":38370,"name":"Antisocial Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antisocial_Behaviour?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=994900]'), work: {"id":994900,"title":"Biologie en psychiatrie, Ethische aspecten van de preventie van antisocial gedrag bij kinderen”, [Biology and psychiatry, Ethical aspects of the prevention of antisocial behaviour in children, in Dutch]","created_at":"2011-10-10T05:58:10.255-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/994900/Biologie_en_psychiatrie_Ethische_aspecten_van_de_preventie_van_antisocial_gedrag_bij_kinderen_Biology_and_psychiatry_Ethical_aspects_of_the_prevention_of_antisocial_behaviour_in_children_in_Dutch_?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_994900","summary":"\"[English below]\r\n\r\nAchtergrond Genetisch en neurobiologisch onderzoek naar het ontstaan van antisociaal gedrag spelen een steeds belangrijker rol in de forensische psychiatrie.\r\n\r\nDoel Bijdragen aan ethische en maatschappelijke reflectie op de mogelijke consequenties van dergelijk onderzoek voor de preventie van antisociaal gedrag.\r\n\r\nMethode Een ethische analyse waarin wij met de concepten ‘geïnformeerde toestemming’ en ‘best-interests’ onderzoeken met wie en met welke belangen rekening gehouden moet worden bij de toepassing van mogelijke nieuwe preventiemaatregelen.\r\n\r\nResultaten Het is belangrijk om te differentiëren tussen verschillende mogelijke doelgroepen. Vanuit ethisch oogpunt maakt het verschil of het gaat om vroege herkenning en\r\npreventieve ingrepen bij kinderen zonder symptomen, maar met een verhoogd risico, om de (sub)typering en preventieve behandeling van kinderen met al bestaande relevante gedragsproblemen, of om de behandeling van kinderen met een antisociale gedragsstoornis van wie de ouders de\r\nkinderpsychiater om hulp vragen.\r\n\r\nConclusie Vanuit ethisch oogpunt is het van secundair belang of preventieve maatregelen gebaseerd zijn op genetisch en neurobiologisch dan wel op sociaal en psychologisch onderzoek.\r\nBelangrijker is om te bepalen op wie zij gericht zijn en hoe met preventie om wordt gegaan.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nEnglish\r\n\r\nBackground Genetic and neurobiological research into the causes of antisocial behaviour is playing an increasingly important role in forensic psychiatry.\r\n\r\nAim To contribute some ethical and societal reflections on the possible consequences of this kind of research for the prevention of antisocial behaviour. \r\n\r\nMethod In this ethical analysis, which gives attention to the concepts of ‘informed consent’ and ‘best interests’, we investigate which persons and which interests need to be taken into account when new preventive measures are implemented.\r\n\r\nResults It is important to differentiate between distinct target groups. From an ethical point of view it makes a difference whether measures are related to the early identification of\r\na-symptomatic high-risk children and appropriate preventive interventions, or whether they are directed towards the (sub)typing and preventive treatment of children who already have\r\nbehavioural problems or whether they are concerned with the treatment of children with conduct disorders whose parents have asked the child psychiatrist for assistance.\r\n\r\nConclusion From an ethical point of view it is not really important whether prevention measures are based on genetic and neurobiological research or on societal and psychological\r\nresearch. What is more important is that these measures target particular groups of children and that prevention is implemented in an appropriate manner.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31457927,"asset_id":994900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":119591,"first_name":"Dorothee","last_name":"Horstkötter","domain_name":"unimaas","page_name":"DorotheeHorstkötter","display_name":"Dorothee Horstkötter","profile_url":"https://unimaas.academia.edu/DorotheeHorstk%C3%B6tter?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/119591/32105/17881226/s65_dorothee.horstk_tter.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8562,"name":"Informed Consent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informed_Consent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":26965,"name":"Crime Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":28690,"name":"Psychiatric Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Genetics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":38370,"name":"Antisocial Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antisocial_Behaviour?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11842747" data-work_id="11842747" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11842747/Aberrant_striatal_functional_connectivity_in_children_with_autism">Aberrant striatal functional connectivity in children with autism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background-Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) as neural dysconnection syndromes have been predominantly supported by examinations of abnormalities in corticocortical networks in adults with autism. A broader body of research... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11842747" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background-Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) as neural dysconnection syndromes have been predominantly supported by examinations of abnormalities in corticocortical networks in adults with autism. A broader body of research implicates subcortical structures, particularly the striatum, in the physiopathology of autism. Resting state fMRI has revealed detailed maps of striatal circuitry in healthy and psychiatric populations, and vividly captured maturational changes in striatal circuitry during typical development.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11842747" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0800f8610810beb59742587ecff7f97a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46491687,"asset_id":11842747,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46491687/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29230001" href="https://radboud.academia.edu/MaartenMennes">Maarten Mennes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29230001" type="text/json">{"id":29230001,"first_name":"Maarten","last_name":"Mennes","domain_name":"radboud","page_name":"MaartenMennes","display_name":"Maarten Mennes","profile_url":"https://radboud.academia.edu/MaartenMennes?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/9a7b8e37b6de311fcd0d6ec908fa168d?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11842747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11842747"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11842747, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11842747", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11842747]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11842747").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11842747").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11842747"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23848" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23848" type="text/json">{"id":23848,"name":"Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquaculture?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11842747]'), work: {"id":11842747,"title":"Aberrant striatal functional connectivity in children with autism","created_at":"2015-04-08T01:24:19.730-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11842747/Aberrant_striatal_functional_connectivity_in_children_with_autism?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_11842747","summary":"Background-Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) as neural dysconnection syndromes have been predominantly supported by examinations of abnormalities in corticocortical networks in adults with autism. A broader body of research implicates subcortical structures, particularly the striatum, in the physiopathology of autism. Resting state fMRI has revealed detailed maps of striatal circuitry in healthy and psychiatric populations, and vividly captured maturational changes in striatal circuitry during typical development.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46491687,"asset_id":11842747,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29230001,"first_name":"Maarten","last_name":"Mennes","domain_name":"radboud","page_name":"MaartenMennes","display_name":"Maarten Mennes","profile_url":"https://radboud.academia.edu/MaartenMennes?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/9a7b8e37b6de311fcd0d6ec908fa168d?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":23848,"name":"Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquaculture?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=49600"},{"id":52763,"name":"Functional Connectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Connectivity?f_ri=49600"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=49600"},{"id":78467,"name":"Cerebral Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Cortex?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":704401,"name":"Neural pathways","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_pathways?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13203781 coauthored" data-work_id="13203781" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13203781/Pharmacologic_Rescue_of_Impaired_Cognitive_Flexibility_Social_Deficits_Increased_Aggression_and_Seizure_Susceptibility_in_Oxytocin_Receptor_Null_Mice_A_Neurobehavioral_Model_of_Autism">Pharmacologic Rescue of Impaired Cognitive Flexibility, Social Deficits, Increased Aggression, and Seizure Susceptibility in Oxytocin Receptor Null Mice: A Neurobehavioral Model of Autism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Oxytocin (OT) has been suggested as a treatment to improve social behavior in autistic patients. Accordingly, the OT (Oxt Ϫ/Ϫ ) and the OT receptor null mice (Oxtr Ϫ/Ϫ ) display autistic-like deficits in social behavior,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13203781" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Oxytocin (OT) has been suggested as a treatment to improve social behavior in autistic patients. Accordingly, the OT (Oxt Ϫ/Ϫ ) and the OT receptor null mice (Oxtr Ϫ/Ϫ ) display autistic-like deficits in social behavior, increased aggression, and reduced ultrasonic vocalization.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13203781" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8cef1023bd0ac86a179d5c34691bd01d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45594327,"asset_id":13203781,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45594327/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32520864" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanielaBraida">Daniela Braida</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32520864" type="text/json">{"id":32520864,"first_name":"Daniela","last_name":"Braida","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DanielaBraida","display_name":"Daniela Braida","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DanielaBraida?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13203781">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13203781"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariaelvinaSala">Mariaelvina Sala</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartaBusnelli">Marta Busnelli</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13203781'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13203781').html(); 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A meta-analysis and meta-regression of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The effect of antipsychotic treatment on cortical gray matter changes in schizophrenia: does the class matter? 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A meta-analysis and meta-regression of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies","created_at":"2015-07-15T16:49:25.090-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14093510/The_effect_of_antipsychotic_treatment_on_cortical_gray_matter_changes_in_schizophrenia_does_the_class_matter_A_meta_analysis_and_meta_regression_of_longitudinal_magnetic_resonance_imaging_studies?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_14093510","summary":"The effect of antipsychotic treatment on cortical gray matter changes in schizophrenia: does the class matter? A meta-analysis and meta-regression of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies, Biological Psychiatry, http://dx.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44610382,"asset_id":14093510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33100744,"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Barlati","domain_name":"unibs","page_name":"StefanoBarlati","display_name":"Stefano Barlati","profile_url":"https://unibs.academia.edu/StefanoBarlati?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20320768 coauthored" data-work_id="20320768" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20320768/Major_Depression_Affects_Perceptual_Filling_In">Major Depression Affects Perceptual Filling-In</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Major depression disorder is a syndrome that involves impairment of cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and plasticity. In this study, we explored whether depression affects perception as well.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20320768" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="304060e6a42454e4f076d721121ee55b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41281641,"asset_id":20320768,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41281641/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41599592" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeonGrunhaus">Leon Grunhaus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41599592" type="text/json">{"id":41599592,"first_name":"Leon","last_name":"Grunhaus","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LeonGrunhaus","display_name":"Leon Grunhaus","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LeonGrunhaus?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20320768">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20320768"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/UriPolat">Uri Polat</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20320768'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-20320768').html(); 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In this study, we explored whether depression affects perception as well.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41281641,"asset_id":20320768,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41599592,"first_name":"Leon","last_name":"Grunhaus","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LeonGrunhaus","display_name":"Leon Grunhaus","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LeonGrunhaus?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":41894861,"first_name":"Uri","last_name":"Polat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UriPolat","display_name":"Uri Polat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UriPolat?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":246,"name":"Psychophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":5359,"name":"Visual 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49233491/Genetic_discoveries_in_human_behavior_Small_effect_genes_loom_large">Genetic discoveries in human behavior: Small effect genes loom large</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49233491" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8651e0618e1341d7cb7c56652a25197d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67617412,"asset_id":49233491,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67617412/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63620977" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElliotGershon">Elliot Gershon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63620977" type="text/json">{"id":63620977,"first_name":"Elliot","last_name":"Gershon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElliotGershon","display_name":"Elliot Gershon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElliotGershon?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63620977/16515347/16852626/s65_elliot.gershon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49233491 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49233491"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49233491, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49233491", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49233491 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49233491; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49233491"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49233491 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49233491"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49233491; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49233491]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49233491").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49233491").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49233491"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2672" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality">Personality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2672" type="text/json">{"id":2672,"name":"Personality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49233491]'), work: {"id":49233491,"title":"Genetic discoveries in human behavior: Small effect genes loom 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Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":87818,"name":"Human behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_behavior?f_ri=49600"},{"id":129917,"name":"Human Behavioral Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Behavioral_Genetics?f_ri=49600"},{"id":171144,"name":"Mental Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2002433,"name":"Genetic Linkage Map","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Linkage_Map?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12896472" data-work_id="12896472" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12896472/Decreased_volume_and_increased_asymmetry_of_the_anterior_limb_of_the_internal_capsule_in_patients_with_schizophrenia">Decreased volume and increased asymmetry of the anterior limb of the internal capsule in patients with schizophrenia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BackgroundThe anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) contains the anterior thalamic peduncle connecting the medial and anterior thalamic nuclei with the prefrontal cortex and the cingulate gyrus. The purpose of this study was to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12896472" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BackgroundThe anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) contains the anterior thalamic peduncle connecting the medial and anterior thalamic nuclei with the prefrontal cortex and the cingulate gyrus. The purpose of this study was to detect the volumetric changes in the ALIC in view of the putative abnormal frontothalamic connectivity in schizophrenia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12896472" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0fbd0e62129d58e1df2ef2a314cd58e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45861362,"asset_id":12896472,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45861362/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32051634" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MasayoshiKurachi">Masayoshi Kurachi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32051634" type="text/json">{"id":32051634,"first_name":"Masayoshi","last_name":"Kurachi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MasayoshiKurachi","display_name":"Masayoshi Kurachi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MasayoshiKurachi?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12896472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12896472"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12896472, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12896472", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12896472]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12896472").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12896472").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12896472"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28576" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex">Prefrontal Cortex</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28576" type="text/json">{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12896472]'), work: {"id":12896472,"title":"Decreased volume and increased asymmetry of the anterior limb of the internal capsule in patients with schizophrenia","created_at":"2015-06-10T00:02:45.862-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12896472/Decreased_volume_and_increased_asymmetry_of_the_anterior_limb_of_the_internal_capsule_in_patients_with_schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_12896472","summary":"BackgroundThe anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) contains the anterior thalamic peduncle connecting the medial and anterior thalamic nuclei with the prefrontal cortex and the cingulate gyrus. The purpose of this study was to detect the volumetric changes in the ALIC in view of the putative abnormal frontothalamic connectivity in schizophrenia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45861362,"asset_id":12896472,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32051634,"first_name":"Masayoshi","last_name":"Kurachi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MasayoshiKurachi","display_name":"Masayoshi Kurachi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MasayoshiKurachi?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":65637,"name":"Caudate Nucleus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caudate_Nucleus?f_ri=49600"},{"id":103265,"name":"Voxel Based Morphometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Voxel_Based_Morphometry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2234200,"name":"Functional Laterality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Laterality?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2439414,"name":"Magnetic resonance image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_resonance_image?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13601573" data-work_id="13601573" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13601573/Prenatal_Perinatal_and_Postnatal_Risk_Factors_in_Obsessive_Compulsive_Disorder">Prenatal, Perinatal, and Postnatal Risk Factors in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remains unknown, although it is thought to involve an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to identify prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13601573" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remains unknown, although it is thought to involve an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to identify prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors in OCD. Methods: We compared retrospectively 68 OCD patients to 70 control subjects based on responses given on a standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate environmental factors, with a special focus on gestation, labor, birth, and early infancy aspects. Results: The group of OCD patients had risk factors with greater frequency than the control group. Notable among the significant findings (p Յ 0.001) were edema of the hands, feet, or face and excessive weight gain during gestation; hyperemesis gravidarum; prolonged labor; preterm birth; and jaundice. When socioeconomic class was used as a covariable in the logistic regression analysis, prolonged labor and edema during pregnancy remained statistically significant. Conclusions: Some early risk factors may be associated with the expression of OCD later in life such as edema during pregnancy and prolonged labor. If our findings are confirmed in future studies, greater attention should be given to such factors in predisposed individuals, especially in prenatal care and delivery.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13601573" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c40778fd646b00af005f3f1ec7a4078f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45166326,"asset_id":13601573,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45166326/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32776479" href="https://ufba.academia.edu/AntonioLopes">Antonio Lopes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32776479" type="text/json">{"id":32776479,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Lopes","domain_name":"ufba","page_name":"AntonioLopes","display_name":"Antonio Lopes","profile_url":"https://ufba.academia.edu/AntonioLopes?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13601573 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13601573"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13601573, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13601573", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13601573 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13601573; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13601573"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13601573 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13601573"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13601573; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13601573]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13601573").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13601573").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13601573"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="625" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obstetrics">Obstetrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="625" type="text/json">{"id":625,"name":"Obstetrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obstetrics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4307" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior">Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4307" type="text/json">{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13601573]'), work: {"id":13601573,"title":"Prenatal, Perinatal, and Postnatal Risk Factors in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder","created_at":"2015-07-03T19:17:34.616-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13601573/Prenatal_Perinatal_and_Postnatal_Risk_Factors_in_Obsessive_Compulsive_Disorder?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_13601573","summary":"The etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remains unknown, although it is thought to involve an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to identify prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors in OCD. Methods: We compared retrospectively 68 OCD patients to 70 control subjects based on responses given on a standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate environmental factors, with a special focus on gestation, labor, birth, and early infancy aspects. Results: The group of OCD patients had risk factors with greater frequency than the control group. Notable among the significant findings (p Յ 0.001) were edema of the hands, feet, or face and excessive weight gain during gestation; hyperemesis gravidarum; prolonged labor; preterm birth; and jaundice. When socioeconomic class was used as a covariable in the logistic regression analysis, prolonged labor and edema during pregnancy remained statistically significant. Conclusions: Some early risk factors may be associated with the expression of OCD later in life such as edema during pregnancy and prolonged labor. If our findings are confirmed in future studies, greater attention should be given to such factors in predisposed individuals, especially in prenatal care and delivery.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45166326,"asset_id":13601573,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32776479,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Lopes","domain_name":"ufba","page_name":"AntonioLopes","display_name":"Antonio Lopes","profile_url":"https://ufba.academia.edu/AntonioLopes?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":625,"name":"Obstetrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obstetrics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=49600"},{"id":63890,"name":"Complication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complication?f_ri=49600"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":119379,"name":"Obsessive Compulsive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsessive_Compulsive_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=49600"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=49600"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=49600"},{"id":313857,"name":"Risk Factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factor?f_ri=49600"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=49600"},{"id":382481,"name":"Edema","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Edema?f_ri=49600"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=49600"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=49600"},{"id":767173,"name":"Parturition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parturition?f_ri=49600"},{"id":800822,"name":"Neonatal Jaundice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_Jaundice?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1141692,"name":"Weight Gain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Gain?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1294607,"name":"Logistic Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Models?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20540519" data-work_id="20540519" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20540519/Predictors_of_Cortisol_and_3_Methoxy_4_Hydroxyphenylglycol_Responses_in_the_Acute_Aftermath_of_Rape">Predictors of Cortisol and 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylglycol Responses in the Acute Aftermath of Rape</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Prospective studies of trauma survivors can provide information about the relationship between rape characteristics and the development of subsequent symptoms. Methods: The present study examined the relationship of prior... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20540519" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Prospective studies of trauma survivors can provide information about the relationship between rape characteristics and the development of subsequent symptoms. Methods: The present study examined the relationship of prior assault, rape severity, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following rape, and subsequent PTSD diagnosis, to the acute cortisol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) response to this traumatic event in 20 women. Results: Women with a history of prior physical or sexual assault showed a significantly attenuated cortisol response to the acute stress of rape compared to women without such a history. MHPG appeared to be associated with injury-related rape characteristics, and symptoms of active avoidance, but not prior history. PTSD status at the 3-month follow-up was predicted by both a prior history of assault and high injury rape, but was not directly predicted by either cortisol or MHPG levels. MHPG and cortisol were not correlated in the sample as a whole, but were correlated among individuals who did not subsequently develop PTSD (p ϭ .04).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20540519" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="405004032328f78728bdc4867e6af606" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41948213,"asset_id":20540519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41948213/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32993000" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesSchmeidler">James Schmeidler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32993000" type="text/json">{"id":32993000,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Schmeidler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesSchmeidler","display_name":"James Schmeidler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesSchmeidler?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20540519 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20540519"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20540519, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20540519", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20540519 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20540519; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20540519"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20540519 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20540519"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20540519; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20540519]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20540519").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20540519").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20540519"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6372" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Victimology">Victimology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6372" type="text/json">{"id":6372,"name":"Victimology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Victimology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9729" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress">Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9729" type="text/json">{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16442" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Assault">Sexual Assault</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16442" type="text/json">{"id":16442,"name":"Sexual Assault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Assault?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20540519]'), work: {"id":20540519,"title":"Predictors of Cortisol and 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylglycol Responses in the Acute Aftermath of Rape","created_at":"2016-01-22T06:18:47.090-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20540519/Predictors_of_Cortisol_and_3_Methoxy_4_Hydroxyphenylglycol_Responses_in_the_Acute_Aftermath_of_Rape?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_20540519","summary":"Background: Prospective studies of trauma survivors can provide information about the relationship between rape characteristics and the development of subsequent symptoms. Methods: The present study examined the relationship of prior assault, rape severity, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following rape, and subsequent PTSD diagnosis, to the acute cortisol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) response to this traumatic event in 20 women. Results: Women with a history of prior physical or sexual assault showed a significantly attenuated cortisol response to the acute stress of rape compared to women without such a history. MHPG appeared to be associated with injury-related rape characteristics, and symptoms of active avoidance, but not prior history. PTSD status at the 3-month follow-up was predicted by both a prior history of assault and high injury rape, but was not directly predicted by either cortisol or MHPG levels. MHPG and cortisol were not correlated in the sample as a whole, but were correlated among individuals who did not subsequently develop PTSD (p ϭ .04).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41948213,"asset_id":20540519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32993000,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Schmeidler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesSchmeidler","display_name":"James Schmeidler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesSchmeidler?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6372,"name":"Victimology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Victimology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":16442,"name":"Sexual Assault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Assault?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":58431,"name":"Cortisol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortisol?f_ri=49600"},{"id":63890,"name":"Complication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complication?f_ri=49600"},{"id":81691,"name":"Posttraumatic stress disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=49600"},{"id":234187,"name":"Recurrence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recurrence?f_ri=49600"},{"id":306766,"name":"Arousal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arousal?f_ri=49600"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1312754,"name":"Prospective Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_Study?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2016105,"name":"Acute stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_stress?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13355700" data-work_id="13355700" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13355700/Anxiety_and_decision_making">Anxiety and decision-making</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although the everyday decision-making of clinically anxious individuals is clearly influenced by their excessive fear and worry, the relationship between anxiety and decision-making remains relatively unexplored in neuroeconomic studies.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13355700" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although the everyday decision-making of clinically anxious individuals is clearly influenced by their excessive fear and worry, the relationship between anxiety and decision-making remains relatively unexplored in neuroeconomic studies. In this review, we attempt to explore the role of anxiety in decision-making with a neuroeconomic approach. We first review the neural systems mediating fear and anxiety, which overlap with a network of brain regions implicated in studies of economic decision-making. We then discuss the potential influence of cognitive biases associated with anxiety upon economic choice, focusing on a set of decision-making biases involving choice in the face of potential aversive outcomes. We propose that the neural circuitry supporting fear learning and regulation may mediate the influence of anxiety upon choice and suggest that techniques for altering fear and anxiety may also change decisions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13355700" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca2c6b0924810fd9679b36e2601bd759" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45437033,"asset_id":13355700,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45437033/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32590574" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CatherineHartley2">Catherine Hartley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32590574" type="text/json">{"id":32590574,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Hartley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CatherineHartley2","display_name":"Catherine Hartley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CatherineHartley2?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13355700 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13355700"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13355700, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13355700", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13355700 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13355700; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13355700"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13355700 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13355700"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13355700; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13355700]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13355700").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13355700").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13355700"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="739" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroeconomics">Neuroeconomics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="739" type="text/json">{"id":739,"name":"Neuroeconomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroeconomics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making">Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1681" type="text/json">{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3931" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear">Fear</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3931" type="text/json">{"id":3931,"name":"Fear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13355700]'), work: {"id":13355700,"title":"Anxiety and decision-making","created_at":"2015-06-27T11:04:12.162-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13355700/Anxiety_and_decision_making?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_13355700","summary":"Although the everyday decision-making of clinically anxious individuals is clearly influenced by their excessive fear and worry, the relationship between anxiety and decision-making remains relatively unexplored in neuroeconomic studies. In this review, we attempt to explore the role of anxiety in decision-making with a neuroeconomic approach. We first review the neural systems mediating fear and anxiety, which overlap with a network of brain regions implicated in studies of economic decision-making. We then discuss the potential influence of cognitive biases associated with anxiety upon economic choice, focusing on a set of decision-making biases involving choice in the face of potential aversive outcomes. We propose that the neural circuitry supporting fear learning and regulation may mediate the influence of anxiety upon choice and suggest that techniques for altering fear and anxiety may also change decisions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45437033,"asset_id":13355700,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32590574,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Hartley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CatherineHartley2","display_name":"Catherine Hartley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CatherineHartley2?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":739,"name":"Neuroeconomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroeconomics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":3931,"name":"Fear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=49600"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=49600"},{"id":61603,"name":"Uncertainty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uncertainty?f_ri=49600"},{"id":167036,"name":"Fear conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear_conditioning?f_ri=49600"},{"id":623821,"name":"ANXIETY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANXIETY-1?f_ri=49600"},{"id":648060,"name":"Economics Behavioral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_Behavioral?f_ri=49600"},{"id":704401,"name":"Neural pathways","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_pathways?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1420132" data-work_id="1420132" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1420132/Dawn_simulation_and_bright_light_in_the_treatment_of_SAD_a_controlled_study">Dawn simulation and bright light in the treatment of SAD: a controlled study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Some small controlled studies have found that dawn simulation is effective in treating seasonal affective disorder (SAD). With a larger sample size and a longer duration of treatment, we compared dawn simulation with bright... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1420132" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Some small controlled studies have found that dawn simulation is effective in treating seasonal affective disorder (SAD). With a larger sample size and a longer duration of treatment, we compared dawn simulation with bright light therapy and a placebo condition in patients with SAD. Method: Medication-free patients with SAD were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: bright light therapy (10,000 lux for 30 min, from 6:00 AM to 6:30 AM), dawn simulation (1.5 hour dawn signal from 4:30 AM to 6:00 AM peaking at 250 lux), and a placebo condition, a dim red light (1.5 hour dawn signal from 4:30 AM to 6:00 AM peaking at 0.5 lux.) Over the subsequent 6 weeks, the subjects were blindly rated by a psychiatrist using the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating-Seasonal Affective Disorder Version (SIGH-SAD). We modeled the profiles of the remissions (SIGH-SAD Յ 8) and response (Ն50% decrease in SIGH-SAD) to treatment over time using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The sample consisted of 95 subjects who were randomized to the three conditions: bright light (n ϭ 33), dawn simulation (n ϭ 31) and placebo (n ϭ 31). Dawn simulation was associated with greater remission (p Ͻ .05) and response (p Ͻ .001) rates compared to the placebo. Bright light did not differ significantly from the placebo. Dawn simulation was associated with greater remission (p Ͻ .01) and response (p Ͻ .001) rates compared to the bright light therapy. The mean daily hours of sunshine during the week before each visit were associated with a significant increase in likelihood of both remission (p Ͻ .001) and response (p Ͻ .001). Conclusions: Dawn simulation was associated with greater remission and response rates compared to the placebo and compared to bright light therapy. The hours of sunshine during the week before each assessment were associated with a positive clinical response. Biol Psychi-atry 2001;50:205-216</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1420132" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="78a1bef16230e994d2656a763e9e970e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":9890640,"asset_id":1420132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/9890640/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1228943" href="https://gu-se.academia.edu/derekeder">derek eder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1228943" type="text/json">{"id":1228943,"first_name":"derek","last_name":"eder","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"derekeder","display_name":"derek eder","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/derekeder?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1228943/445616/554656/s65_derek.eder.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1420132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1420132"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1420132, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1420132", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1420132]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1420132").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1420132").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1420132"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Use">Time Use</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13845" type="text/json">{"id":13845,"name":"Time Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Use?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39421" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phototherapy">Phototherapy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="39421" type="text/json">{"id":39421,"name":"Phototherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phototherapy?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1420132]'), work: {"id":1420132,"title":"Dawn simulation and bright light in the treatment of SAD: a controlled study","created_at":"2012-02-21T02:03:55.855-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1420132/Dawn_simulation_and_bright_light_in_the_treatment_of_SAD_a_controlled_study?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_1420132","summary":"Background: Some small controlled studies have found that dawn simulation is effective in treating seasonal affective disorder (SAD). With a larger sample size and a longer duration of treatment, we compared dawn simulation with bright light therapy and a placebo condition in patients with SAD. Method: Medication-free patients with SAD were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: bright light therapy (10,000 lux for 30 min, from 6:00 AM to 6:30 AM), dawn simulation (1.5 hour dawn signal from 4:30 AM to 6:00 AM peaking at 250 lux), and a placebo condition, a dim red light (1.5 hour dawn signal from 4:30 AM to 6:00 AM peaking at 0.5 lux.) Over the subsequent 6 weeks, the subjects were blindly rated by a psychiatrist using the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating-Seasonal Affective Disorder Version (SIGH-SAD). We modeled the profiles of the remissions (SIGH-SAD Յ 8) and response (Ն50% decrease in SIGH-SAD) to treatment over time using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The sample consisted of 95 subjects who were randomized to the three conditions: bright light (n ϭ 33), dawn simulation (n ϭ 31) and placebo (n ϭ 31). Dawn simulation was associated with greater remission (p Ͻ .05) and response (p Ͻ .001) rates compared to the placebo. Bright light did not differ significantly from the placebo. Dawn simulation was associated with greater remission (p Ͻ .01) and response (p Ͻ .001) rates compared to the bright light therapy. The mean daily hours of sunshine during the week before each visit were associated with a significant increase in likelihood of both remission (p Ͻ .001) and response (p Ͻ .001). Conclusions: Dawn simulation was associated with greater remission and response rates compared to the placebo and compared to bright light therapy. The hours of sunshine during the week before each assessment were associated with a positive clinical response. Biol Psychi-atry 2001;50:205-216","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":9890640,"asset_id":1420132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1228943,"first_name":"derek","last_name":"eder","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"derekeder","display_name":"derek eder","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/derekeder?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1228943/445616/554656/s65_derek.eder.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":13845,"name":"Time Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Use?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":39421,"name":"Phototherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phototherapy?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":48636,"name":"Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":51866,"name":"Red Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_Light?f_ri=49600"},{"id":55214,"name":"Seasonal Affective Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonal_Affective_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":55215,"name":"Light therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light_therapy?f_ri=49600"},{"id":89121,"name":"Circadian Rhythm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circadian_Rhythm?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":126465,"name":"Efficacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efficacy?f_ri=49600"},{"id":196189,"name":"Sample Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Size?f_ri=49600"},{"id":222432,"name":"Seasonal variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonal_variation?f_ri=49600"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1484104" data-work_id="1484104" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1484104/Relationship_of_depression_to_diabetes_types_1_and_2_epidemiology_biology_and_treatment">Relationship of depression to diabetes types 1 and 2: epidemiology, biology, and treatment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article reviews the rapidly accumulating literature on the relationship between mood disorders and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have demonstrated that depression and its associated symptoms constitute a major risk factor in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1484104" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article reviews the rapidly accumulating literature on the relationship between mood disorders and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have demonstrated that depression and its associated symptoms constitute a major risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes and may accelerate the onset of diabetes complications. Since the mid-1980s, multiple longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have scrutinized the association of diabetes with depressive symptoms and major depression. Utilizing the search terms depressive disorders, psychiatry, diabetes, and pathophysiology in MEDLINE searches (1966–2003), this article reviews studies investigating pathophysiological alterations related to glucose intolerance and diabetes in depressed patients. The few randomized, controlled studies of treatment of depression in patients with diabetes are also described. Short-term treatment of depression in patients with diabetes improves their dysphoria and other signs and symptoms of depression. Future research will confirm whether response to psychotherapy and/or psychopharmacologic treatment improves glucose control, encourages compliance with diabetes treatment, and perhaps even increases longevity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1484104" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5a0ed6571e5ec2f369768f06244336f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50952511,"asset_id":1484104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50952511/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1356822" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HaAnTran">Ha An Tran</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1356822" type="text/json">{"id":1356822,"first_name":"Ha An","last_name":"Tran","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HaAnTran","display_name":"Ha An Tran","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HaAnTran?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1484104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1484104"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1484104, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1484104", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1484104]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1484104").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1484104").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1484104"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2240" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2240" type="text/json">{"id":2240,"name":"Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9334" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation">Inflammation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9334" type="text/json">{"id":9334,"name":"Inflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28973" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity">Comorbidity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28973" type="text/json">{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1484104]'), work: {"id":1484104,"title":"Relationship of depression to diabetes types 1 and 2: epidemiology, biology, and treatment","created_at":"2012-03-24T02:43:42.168-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1484104/Relationship_of_depression_to_diabetes_types_1_and_2_epidemiology_biology_and_treatment?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_1484104","summary":"This article reviews the rapidly accumulating literature on the relationship between mood disorders and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have demonstrated that depression and its associated symptoms constitute a major risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes and may accelerate the onset of diabetes complications. Since the mid-1980s, multiple longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have scrutinized the association of diabetes with depressive symptoms and major depression. Utilizing the search terms depressive disorders, psychiatry, diabetes, and pathophysiology in MEDLINE searches (1966–2003), this article reviews studies investigating pathophysiological alterations related to glucose intolerance and diabetes in depressed patients. The few randomized, controlled studies of treatment of depression in patients with diabetes are also described. Short-term treatment of depression in patients with diabetes improves their dysphoria and other signs and symptoms of depression. Future research will confirm whether response to psychotherapy and/or psychopharmacologic treatment improves glucose control, encourages compliance with diabetes treatment, and perhaps even increases longevity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50952511,"asset_id":1484104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1356822,"first_name":"Ha An","last_name":"Tran","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HaAnTran","display_name":"Ha An Tran","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HaAnTran?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2240,"name":"Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":9334,"name":"Inflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":71300,"name":"Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose?f_ri=49600"},{"id":71511,"name":"Diabetes mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus?f_ri=49600"},{"id":157943,"name":"Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=49600"},{"id":311947,"name":"Major Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depression?f_ri=49600"},{"id":437478,"name":"Glycemic Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycemic_Control?f_ri=49600"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=49600"},{"id":706975,"name":"Depressive Symptoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Symptoms?f_ri=49600"},{"id":915951,"name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Type_2_Diabetes_Mellitus?f_ri=49600"},{"id":966020,"name":"Cross sectional Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_sectional_Study?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1161028,"name":"Glucose Intolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucose_Intolerance?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1208692,"name":"Mood Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mood_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2497309,"name":"Diabetic complication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetic_complication?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5668854" data-work_id="5668854" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5668854/Sertraline_safety_and_efficacy_in_major_depression_A_double_blind_fixed_dose_comparison_with_placebo">Sertraline safety and efficacy in major depression: A double-blind fixed-dose comparison with placebo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In a randomized, multicenter trial, sertraline 50 mg, IO0 mg, or 200 mg, or placebo, wa~ administered once daily to 369 patients with DSM-lll-defined major depression. Efficacy variables included changes from baseline scores for total... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5668854" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In a randomized, multicenter trial, sertraline 50 mg, IO0 mg, or 200 mg, or placebo, wa~ administered once daily to 369 patients with DSM-lll-defined major depression. Efficacy variables included changes from baseline scores for total Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). HAMD Bech Depression Cluster, Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Severity, CGI Improvement, and Profile of Mood States Depression/ Dejection Factor. For the evaluable-patients analysis, all sertraline groups showed significantly (p < 0.05 or better) greater improvements in all efficacy variables except one when compared with the placebo group. For the all-patients analysis, all efficacy variables in the 50 mg group were statistically signi[icantly (p < 0.05) better than placebo. Side effects increased with increasing dosage but were usually mild and well tolerated. The results of this study show that sertraline 50 mg once daily is as effective as higher dosages Cbr the treatment of major depression with )ewer side effects and therapy discontinuations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5668854" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="44880f9d30235aeebb2077c790fdbbe8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49189886,"asset_id":5668854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49189886/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8169021" href="https://independent.academia.edu/mamin5">m amin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8169021" type="text/json">{"id":8169021,"first_name":"m","last_name":"amin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"mamin5","display_name":"m amin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/mamin5?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5668854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5668854"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5668854, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5668854", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5668854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5668854; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5668854"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5668854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5668854"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5668854; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5668854]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5668854").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5668854").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5668854"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5668854]'), work: {"id":5668854,"title":"Sertraline safety and efficacy in major depression: A double-blind fixed-dose comparison with placebo","created_at":"2014-01-10T01:10:31.461-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5668854/Sertraline_safety_and_efficacy_in_major_depression_A_double_blind_fixed_dose_comparison_with_placebo?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_5668854","summary":"In a randomized, multicenter trial, sertraline 50 mg, IO0 mg, or 200 mg, or placebo, wa~ administered once daily to 369 patients with DSM-lll-defined major depression. Efficacy variables included changes from baseline scores for total Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). HAMD Bech Depression Cluster, Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Severity, CGI Improvement, and Profile of Mood States Depression/ Dejection Factor. For the evaluable-patients analysis, all sertraline groups showed significantly (p \u003c 0.05 or better) greater improvements in all efficacy variables except one when compared with the placebo group. For the all-patients analysis, all efficacy variables in the 50 mg group were statistically signi[icantly (p \u003c 0.05) better than placebo. Side effects increased with increasing dosage but were usually mild and well tolerated. The results of this study show that sertraline 50 mg once daily is as effective as higher dosages Cbr the treatment of major depression with )ewer side effects and therapy discontinuations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49189886,"asset_id":5668854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8169021,"first_name":"m","last_name":"amin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"mamin5","display_name":"m amin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/mamin5?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":157943,"name":"Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":168147,"name":"Tremor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tremor?f_ri=49600"},{"id":217554,"name":"Nausea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nausea?f_ri=49600"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=49600"},{"id":311947,"name":"Major Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depression?f_ri=49600"},{"id":405071,"name":"SERTRALINE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SERTRALINE?f_ri=49600"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=49600"},{"id":564878,"name":"Body Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Weight?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2182370,"name":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11382166" data-work_id="11382166" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11382166/Parsing_the_association_between_bipolar_conduct_and_substance_use_disorders_a_familial_risk_analysis">Parsing the association between bipolar, conduct, and substance use disorders: a familial risk analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Bipolar disorder has emerged as a risk factor for substance use disorders (alcohol or drug abuse or dependence) in youth; however, the association between bipolar disorder and substance use disorders is complicated by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11382166" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Bipolar disorder has emerged as a risk factor for substance use disorders (alcohol or drug abuse or dependence) in youth; however, the association between bipolar disorder and substance use disorders is complicated by comorbidity with conduct disorder. We used familial risk analysis to disentangle the association between the three disorders. Methods: We compared relatives of four proband groups: 1) conduct disorder ϩ bipolar disorder, 2) bipolar disorder without conduct disorder, 3) conduct disorder without bipolar disorder, and 4) control subjects without bipolar disorder or conduct disorder. All subjects were evaluated with structured diagnostic interviews. For the analysis of substance use disorders, Cox proportional hazard survival models were utilized to compare age-at-onset distributions. Results: Bipolar disorder in probands was a risk factor for both drug and alcohol addiction in relatives, independent of conduct disorder in probands, which was a risk factor for alcohol dependence in relatives independent of bipolar disorder in probands, but not for drug dependence. The effects of bipolar disorder and conduct disorder in probands combined additively to predict the risk for substance use disorders in relatives.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11382166" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="842728b583f9f5e64b4520631a46c5e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46740589,"asset_id":11382166,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46740589/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27672661" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WozniakJanet">Janet Wozniak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27672661" type="text/json">{"id":27672661,"first_name":"Janet","last_name":"Wozniak","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WozniakJanet","display_name":"Janet Wozniak","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WozniakJanet?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11382166 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11382166"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11382166, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11382166", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11382166 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11382166; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11382166"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11382166 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11382166"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11382166; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11382166]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11382166").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11382166").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11382166"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder">Bipolar Disorder</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3230" type="text/json">{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk">Risk</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8207" type="text/json">{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28973" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity">Comorbidity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28973" type="text/json">{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11382166]'), work: {"id":11382166,"title":"Parsing the association between bipolar, conduct, and substance use disorders: a familial risk analysis","created_at":"2015-03-11T18:28:10.723-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11382166/Parsing_the_association_between_bipolar_conduct_and_substance_use_disorders_a_familial_risk_analysis?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_11382166","summary":"Background: Bipolar disorder has emerged as a risk factor for substance use disorders (alcohol or drug abuse or dependence) in youth; however, the association between bipolar disorder and substance use disorders is complicated by comorbidity with conduct disorder. We used familial risk analysis to disentangle the association between the three disorders. Methods: We compared relatives of four proband groups: 1) conduct disorder ϩ bipolar disorder, 2) bipolar disorder without conduct disorder, 3) conduct disorder without bipolar disorder, and 4) control subjects without bipolar disorder or conduct disorder. All subjects were evaluated with structured diagnostic interviews. For the analysis of substance use disorders, Cox proportional hazard survival models were utilized to compare age-at-onset distributions. Results: Bipolar disorder in probands was a risk factor for both drug and alcohol addiction in relatives, independent of conduct disorder in probands, which was a risk factor for alcohol dependence in relatives independent of bipolar disorder in probands, but not for drug dependence. The effects of bipolar disorder and conduct disorder in probands combined additively to predict the risk for substance use disorders in relatives.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46740589,"asset_id":11382166,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27672661,"first_name":"Janet","last_name":"Wozniak","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WozniakJanet","display_name":"Janet Wozniak","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WozniakJanet?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=49600"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=49600"},{"id":91863,"name":"Alcoholism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcoholism?f_ri=49600"},{"id":173071,"name":"Conduct Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conduct_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=49600"},{"id":209189,"name":"Drug abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_abuse?f_ri=49600"},{"id":460445,"name":"Nuclear Family","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Family?f_ri=49600"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=49600"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1272981,"name":"Proportional Hazards Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proportional_Hazards_Models?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1275779,"name":"Drug Dependence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Dependence?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1423077,"name":"Substance-Related Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance-Related_Disorders?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1489115,"name":"Age of Onset","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_of_Onset?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11814102" data-work_id="11814102" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11814102/The_latent_inhibition_model_of_schizophrenia_further_validation_using_the_atypical_neuroleptic_clozapine">The latent inhibition model of schizophrenia: further validation using the atypical neuroleptic, clozapine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Latent inhibition (LI) refers to retarded conditioning to a stimulus that has been repeatedly presented without reinforcement. LI is impaired in schizophrenic patients and in rats treated with amphetamine. Neuroleptic drugs produce two... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11814102" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Latent inhibition (LI) refers to retarded conditioning to a stimulus that has been repeatedly presented without reinforcement. LI is impaired in schizophrenic patients and in rats treated with amphetamine. Neuroleptic drugs produce two effects in this test paradigm: antagonism of amphetamine-induced disruption of LI, and enhancement of LI when administered on their own. The present experiments tested the effects of the atypical neuroleptic, clozapine, on LI. The experiments used a conditioned emotional response procedure in rats licking for water, consisting of three stages: preexposure, in which the to-be-conditioned stimulus (tone) was repeatedly presented without reinforcement; conditioning, in which the preexposed stimulus was paired with reinforcement (foot shock); and test, in which LI was indexed by animals' degree of suppression of licking during tone presentation. In experiments 1 and 2, the effects of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg clozapine on LI were assessed following 20 or 10 tone preexposures, respectively. Experiments 3 and 4 used 40 preexposures and investigated antagonism of amphetamine-induced disruption of LI by 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg clozapine, respectively. The results demonstrated that clozapine possesses a neuroleptic profile in the LI model, namely, it facilitates the development of LI and antagonizes amphetamine-induced disruption of LI.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11814102" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69d604c7d95a74a97b778743eb886fca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46510374,"asset_id":11814102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46510374/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29124221" href="https://telaviv.academia.edu/RicardoTarrasch">Ricardo Tarrasch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29124221" type="text/json">{"id":29124221,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Tarrasch","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"RicardoTarrasch","display_name":"Ricardo Tarrasch","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/RicardoTarrasch?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11814102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11814102"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11814102, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11814102", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11814102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11814102; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11814102"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11814102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11814102"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11814102; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11814102]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11814102").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11814102").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11814102"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="250942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latent_Inhibition">Latent Inhibition</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="250942" type="text/json">{"id":250942,"name":"Latent Inhibition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latent_Inhibition?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11814102]'), work: {"id":11814102,"title":"The latent inhibition model of schizophrenia: further validation using the atypical neuroleptic, clozapine","created_at":"2015-04-06T09:19:22.329-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11814102/The_latent_inhibition_model_of_schizophrenia_further_validation_using_the_atypical_neuroleptic_clozapine?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_11814102","summary":"Latent inhibition (LI) refers to retarded conditioning to a stimulus that has been repeatedly presented without reinforcement. LI is impaired in schizophrenic patients and in rats treated with amphetamine. Neuroleptic drugs produce two effects in this test paradigm: antagonism of amphetamine-induced disruption of LI, and enhancement of LI when administered on their own. The present experiments tested the effects of the atypical neuroleptic, clozapine, on LI. The experiments used a conditioned emotional response procedure in rats licking for water, consisting of three stages: preexposure, in which the to-be-conditioned stimulus (tone) was repeatedly presented without reinforcement; conditioning, in which the preexposed stimulus was paired with reinforcement (foot shock); and test, in which LI was indexed by animals' degree of suppression of licking during tone presentation. In experiments 1 and 2, the effects of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg clozapine on LI were assessed following 20 or 10 tone preexposures, respectively. Experiments 3 and 4 used 40 preexposures and investigated antagonism of amphetamine-induced disruption of LI by 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg clozapine, respectively. The results demonstrated that clozapine possesses a neuroleptic profile in the LI model, namely, it facilitates the development of LI and antagonizes amphetamine-induced disruption of LI.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46510374,"asset_id":11814102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29124221,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Tarrasch","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"RicardoTarrasch","display_name":"Ricardo Tarrasch","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/RicardoTarrasch?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":250942,"name":"Latent Inhibition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latent_Inhibition?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11869133" data-work_id="11869133" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11869133/Age_related_changes_in_the_association_between_serotonergic_function_and_aggression_in_boys_with_ADHD">Age-related changes in the association between serotonergic function and aggression in boys with ADHD</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The results of several studies have indicated an inverse relationship between central serotonergic (5-HT) mechanisms and aggression in animals and adults, but studies in children have yielded conflicting results. This study assessed 5-HT... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11869133" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The results of several studies have indicated an inverse relationship between central serotonergic (5-HT) mechanisms and aggression in animals and adults, but studies in children have yielded conflicting results. This study assessed 5-HT function, using a fenfluramine (FEN) challenge procedure, in an attempt to replicate a previously reported enhancement of the prolactin (PRL) response to FEN in aggressive relative to nonaggressive ADHD boys. The study failed to replicate the previous finding. Samples from both studies were then examined to reconcile the discrepant findings. The samples differed significantly in age. The entire group (n = 50) was then divided into older and younger subgroups and reanalyzed using a two-way (age-group X aggression) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for plasma medication level. The ANCOVA generated a significant age-group X aggression interaction. Young aggressive boys had a significantly greater PRL response to FEN than young nonaggressive boys, but no such difference existed in the older age-group. These findings raise the possibility of different developmental trajectories in 5-HT function between aggressive and nonaggressive boys.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11869133" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14b30895618b29130bee23ba7077aff1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46474837,"asset_id":11869133,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46474837/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29320646" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LarrySiever">Larry Siever</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29320646" type="text/json">{"id":29320646,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Siever","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LarrySiever","display_name":"Larry Siever","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LarrySiever?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11869133 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11869133"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11869133, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11869133", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11869133 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11869133; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11869133"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11869133 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11869133"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11869133; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11869133]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11869133").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11869133").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11869133"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51565" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin">Serotonin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51565" type="text/json">{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11869133]'), work: {"id":11869133,"title":"Age-related changes in the association between serotonergic function and aggression in boys with ADHD","created_at":"2015-04-09T09:20:52.302-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11869133/Age_related_changes_in_the_association_between_serotonergic_function_and_aggression_in_boys_with_ADHD?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_11869133","summary":"The results of several studies have indicated an inverse relationship between central serotonergic (5-HT) mechanisms and aggression in animals and adults, but studies in children have yielded conflicting results. This study assessed 5-HT function, using a fenfluramine (FEN) challenge procedure, in an attempt to replicate a previously reported enhancement of the prolactin (PRL) response to FEN in aggressive relative to nonaggressive ADHD boys. The study failed to replicate the previous finding. Samples from both studies were then examined to reconcile the discrepant findings. The samples differed significantly in age. The entire group (n = 50) was then divided into older and younger subgroups and reanalyzed using a two-way (age-group X aggression) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for plasma medication level. The ANCOVA generated a significant age-group X aggression interaction. Young aggressive boys had a significantly greater PRL response to FEN than young nonaggressive boys, but no such difference existed in the older age-group. These findings raise the possibility of different developmental trajectories in 5-HT function between aggressive and nonaggressive boys.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46474837,"asset_id":11869133,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29320646,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Siever","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LarrySiever","display_name":"Larry Siever","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LarrySiever?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=49600"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=49600"},{"id":82732,"name":"Aggression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aggression?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1298851,"name":"Fenfluramine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fenfluramine?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1661112,"name":"Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin_Uptake_Inhibitors?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12873570" data-work_id="12873570" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12873570/Organizational_strategies_mediate_nonverbal_memory_impairment_in_obsessive_compulsive_disorder">Organizational strategies mediate nonverbal memory impairment in obsessive–compulsive disorder</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Previous neuropsychological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have indicated impaired executive functioning and nonverbal memory. The extent to which impaired executive functioning impacts nonverbal memory has not... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12873570" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Previous neuropsychological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have indicated impaired executive functioning and nonverbal memory. The extent to which impaired executive functioning impacts nonverbal memory has not been established. The current study investigated the mediating effects of organizational strategies used when copying a figure on subsequent nonverbal memory for that figure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12873570" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="17c0b0fe9633245eac4f5bb969c680ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45874122,"asset_id":12873570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45874122/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32000542" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/MichaelJenike">Michael Jenike</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32000542" type="text/json">{"id":32000542,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Jenike","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"MichaelJenike","display_name":"Michael Jenike","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/MichaelJenike?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12873570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12873570"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12873570, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12873570", }); 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The extent to which impaired executive functioning impacts nonverbal memory has not been established. The current study investigated the mediating effects of organizational strategies used when copying a figure on subsequent nonverbal memory for that figure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45874122,"asset_id":12873570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32000542,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Jenike","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"MichaelJenike","display_name":"Michael Jenike","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/MichaelJenike?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":33732,"name":"Executive Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Executive_Function?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":46858,"name":"Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49419,"name":"Problem Solving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problem_Solving?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":68802,"name":"Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organization?f_ri=49600"},{"id":110632,"name":"Organisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organisation?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":119379,"name":"Obsessive Compulsive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsessive_Compulsive_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=49600"},{"id":224578,"name":"Multiple Regression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Regression?f_ri=49600"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=49600"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=49600"},{"id":521655,"name":"Visual Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Memory?f_ri=49600"},{"id":615949,"name":"Volition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volition?f_ri=49600"},{"id":816819,"name":"Psychological Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Models?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2444775,"name":"Psychomotor Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychomotor_Performance?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2467548,"name":"Neuropsychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychological_Tests?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_715160" data-work_id="715160" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/715160/Transcranial_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_of_Psychiatric_Disorders_Marcolin_MA_Sao_Paulo_Padberg_F_Munich_Eds_Karger_AG_Basel_2007_">Transcranial Brain Stimulation for Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders. Marcolin, MA (Sao Paulo), Padberg, F.(Munich)(Eds.). Karger AG, Basel (2007)( …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Conca, A.; Herwig, U.; Gattaz, W.F.; Marcolin, M.A. Dowd, S.M.; Marcolin, M.A.; Rosa, M.A. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Schizophrenia: Odebrecht Rosa, M.; Belmonte-de-Abreu, P.; Eichhammer, P.; Hajak, G.; Marcolin, M.A.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/715160" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f456d0f69c0dceb6afe0328a0ee06d0c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51275268,"asset_id":715160,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51275268/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="113995" href="https://charite-de.academia.edu/bajbouj">Malek Bajbouj</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="113995" type="text/json">{"id":113995,"first_name":"Malek","last_name":"Bajbouj","domain_name":"charite-de","page_name":"bajbouj","display_name":"Malek Bajbouj","profile_url":"https://charite-de.academia.edu/bajbouj?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113995/30714/218520/s65_malek.bajbouj.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_715160 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="715160"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 715160, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_715160", }); 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Marcolin, MA (Sao Paulo), Padberg, F.(Munich)(Eds.). Karger AG, Basel (2007)( …","created_at":"2011-07-04T00:07:34.300-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/715160/Transcranial_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_of_Psychiatric_Disorders_Marcolin_MA_Sao_Paulo_Padberg_F_Munich_Eds_Karger_AG_Basel_2007_?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_715160","summary":"Conca, A.; Herwig, U.; Gattaz, W.F.; Marcolin, M.A. Dowd, S.M.; Marcolin, M.A.; Rosa, M.A. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Schizophrenia: Odebrecht Rosa, M.; Belmonte-de-Abreu, P.; Eichhammer, P.; Hajak, G.; Marcolin, M.A.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51275268,"asset_id":715160,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":113995,"first_name":"Malek","last_name":"Bajbouj","domain_name":"charite-de","page_name":"bajbouj","display_name":"Malek Bajbouj","profile_url":"https://charite-de.academia.edu/bajbouj?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113995/30714/218520/s65_malek.bajbouj.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":133761,"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoneuroendocrinology?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2988160" data-work_id="2988160" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2988160/Mood_Linked_Responses_in_Medial_Prefrontal_Cortex_Predict_Relapse_in_Patients_with_Recurrent_Unipolar_Depression">Mood-Linked Responses in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Predict Relapse in Patients with Recurrent Unipolar Depression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Altered cognitive processing following mood challenge is associated with elevated relapse risk in remitted unipolar depressed patients, but little is known about the neural basis of this reactivity and its link to depressive... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2988160" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Altered cognitive processing following mood challenge is associated with elevated relapse risk in remitted unipolar depressed patients, but little is known about the neural basis of this reactivity and its link to depressive relapse and prophylaxis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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type="text/json">{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a><script 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prophylaxis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30941213,"asset_id":2988160,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":166534,"first_name":"Norman","last_name":"Farb","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"NormanFarb","display_name":"Norman Farb","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/NormanFarb?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/166534/87620/928544/s65_norman.farb.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance 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Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":194916,"name":"ROC Curve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ROC_Curve?f_ri=49600"},{"id":234187,"name":"Recurrence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recurrence?f_ri=49600"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=49600"},{"id":572592,"name":"Negotiating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negotiating?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1621346,"name":"Medial Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medial_Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1929731,"name":"Reactivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactivity?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20876581" data-work_id="20876581" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20876581/Rapid_Effects_of_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_Resistant_Major_Depression">Rapid Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Major Depression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Background: Treatment-resistant major depressive disorder is a prevalent and debilitating condition. Deep brain stimulation to different targets has been proposed as a putative treatment.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20876581" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="10c21420e0ca4fb95a477c25f8837072" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41609518,"asset_id":20876581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41609518/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36350239" href="https://unimedizin-mainz.academia.edu/SarahKayser">Sarah Kayser</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36350239" type="text/json">{"id":36350239,"first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Kayser","domain_name":"unimedizin-mainz","page_name":"SarahKayser","display_name":"Sarah Kayser","profile_url":"https://unimedizin-mainz.academia.edu/SarahKayser?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20876581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20876581"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20876581, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20876581", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20876581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20876581").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20876581").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20876581"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="635" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="635" type="text/json">{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation">Deep Brain Stimulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2583" type="text/json">{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20876581]'), work: {"id":20876581,"title":"Rapid Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Major Depression","created_at":"2016-01-26T23:16:02.279-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20876581/Rapid_Effects_of_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_Resistant_Major_Depression?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_20876581","summary":"Background: Treatment-resistant major depressive disorder is a prevalent and debilitating condition. Deep brain stimulation to different targets has been proposed as a putative treatment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41609518,"asset_id":20876581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36350239,"first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Kayser","domain_name":"unimedizin-mainz","page_name":"SarahKayser","display_name":"Sarah Kayser","profile_url":"https://unimedizin-mainz.academia.edu/SarahKayser?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":8929,"name":"Diffusion Tensor Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_Tensor_Imaging?f_ri=49600"},{"id":9088,"name":"Affective Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Neuroscience?f_ri=49600"},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=49600"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=49600"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":77794,"name":"Major Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=49600"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=49600"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=49600"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=49600"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47946308" data-work_id="47946308" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47946308/Markers_of_Gluten_Sensitivity_and_Celiac_Disease_in_Recent_Onset_Psychosis_and_Multi_Episode_Schizophrenia">Markers of Gluten Sensitivity and Celiac Disease in Recent-Onset Psychosis and Multi-Episode Schizophrenia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Background: Increased immune sensitivity to gluten has been reported in schizophrenia. However, studies are inconsistent about this association.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47946308" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="207ed11e0f68553e948d364d986bbacd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66814094,"asset_id":47946308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66814094/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="496083" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SunilKhushalani">Sunil Khushalani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="496083" type="text/json">{"id":496083,"first_name":"Sunil","last_name":"Khushalani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SunilKhushalani","display_name":"Sunil Khushalani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SunilKhushalani?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/496083/170178/198331/s65_sunil.khushalani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47946308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47946308"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47946308, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47946308", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47946308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47946308; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47946308"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47946308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47946308"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47946308; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47946308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47946308").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47946308").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47946308"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28850" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models">Linear models</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28850" type="text/json">{"id":28850,"name":"Linear models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47946308]'), work: {"id":47946308,"title":"Markers of Gluten Sensitivity and Celiac Disease in Recent-Onset Psychosis and Multi-Episode Schizophrenia","created_at":"2021-05-03T15:42:51.874-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47946308/Markers_of_Gluten_Sensitivity_and_Celiac_Disease_in_Recent_Onset_Psychosis_and_Multi_Episode_Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_47946308","summary":"Background: Increased immune sensitivity to gluten has been reported in schizophrenia. However, studies are inconsistent about this association.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66814094,"asset_id":47946308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":496083,"first_name":"Sunil","last_name":"Khushalani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SunilKhushalani","display_name":"Sunil Khushalani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SunilKhushalani?f_ri=49600","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/496083/170178/198331/s65_sunil.khushalani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":28850,"name":"Linear models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":71668,"name":"Celiac Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celiac_Disease?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":357811,"name":"Antibody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibody?f_ri=49600"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=49600"},{"id":612870,"name":"Psychotic Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotic_Disorders?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1272906,"name":"Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Linked_Immunosorbent_Assay?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1716403,"name":"immunoglobulin G","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/immunoglobulin_G?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2483297,"name":"Immunoglobulin A","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoglobulin_A?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30436416" data-work_id="30436416" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30436416/Oxytocin_and_autistic_disorder_alterations_in_peptide_forms">Oxytocin and autistic disorder: alterations in peptide forms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Oxytocin (OT) is synthesized as a prohormone that is sequentially processed to peptides. These peptides are the bioactive amidated form (OT) and the C-terminal extended peptides, OT-Gly, OT-Gly-Lys and OT-Gly-Lys-Arg, which... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30436416" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Oxytocin (OT) is synthesized as a prohormone that is sequentially processed to peptides. These peptides are the bioactive amidated form (OT) and the C-terminal extended peptides, OT-Gly, OT-Gly-Lys and OT-Gly-Lys-Arg, which are designated together as OT-X. As an extension of our previous study finding decreased plasma OT in autism, studies were conducted to determine whether there were changes in OT peptide forms in autistic children. Methods: Twenty eight male subjects (97 Ϯ 20 months; range, 70 -139 months), diagnosed with DSM-IV autistic disorder through observation and semi-structured interview, were compared with 31 age-matched nonpsychiatric control subjects (106 Ϯ 22 months; range, 74 -140 months). Using OT antisera with different specificity for the peptide forms, we measured plasma OT and OT-X in each group. Results: T tests showed that there was a decrease in plasma OT (t ϭ 4.4, p Ͻ .0001), an increase in OT-X (t ϭ 2.3, p Ͻ .03) and an increase in the ratio of OT-X/OT (t ϭ 4.5, p Ͻ .0001) in the autistic sample, compared with control subjects. Conclusions: The results suggest that children with autistic disorder show alterations in the endocrine OT system. Deficits in OT peptide processing in children with autism may be important in the development of this syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 2001;50:609 -613</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30436416" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e2f74ade5b3735c0d33b59dbb18385d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50879116,"asset_id":30436416,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50879116/download_file?st=MTc0MDk0NjcyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="695570" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LynnWaterhouse">Lynn Waterhouse</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="695570" type="text/json">{"id":695570,"first_name":"Lynn","last_name":"Waterhouse","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LynnWaterhouse","display_name":"Lynn Waterhouse","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LynnWaterhouse?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30436416 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30436416"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30436416, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30436416", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30436416]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30436416").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30436416").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30436416"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="631" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="631" type="text/json">{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2249" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism">Autism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2249" type="text/json">{"id":2249,"name":"Autism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4307" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior">Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4307" type="text/json">{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4888" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Assessment">Personality Assessment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4888" type="text/json">{"id":4888,"name":"Personality Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Assessment?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30436416]'), work: {"id":30436416,"title":"Oxytocin and autistic disorder: alterations in peptide forms","created_at":"2016-12-14T00:46:12.832-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30436416/Oxytocin_and_autistic_disorder_alterations_in_peptide_forms?f_ri=49600","dom_id":"work_30436416","summary":"Background: Oxytocin (OT) is synthesized as a prohormone that is sequentially processed to peptides. These peptides are the bioactive amidated form (OT) and the C-terminal extended peptides, OT-Gly, OT-Gly-Lys and OT-Gly-Lys-Arg, which are designated together as OT-X. As an extension of our previous study finding decreased plasma OT in autism, studies were conducted to determine whether there were changes in OT peptide forms in autistic children. Methods: Twenty eight male subjects (97 Ϯ 20 months; range, 70 -139 months), diagnosed with DSM-IV autistic disorder through observation and semi-structured interview, were compared with 31 age-matched nonpsychiatric control subjects (106 Ϯ 22 months; range, 74 -140 months). Using OT antisera with different specificity for the peptide forms, we measured plasma OT and OT-X in each group. Results: T tests showed that there was a decrease in plasma OT (t ϭ 4.4, p Ͻ .0001), an increase in OT-X (t ϭ 2.3, p Ͻ .03) and an increase in the ratio of OT-X/OT (t ϭ 4.5, p Ͻ .0001) in the autistic sample, compared with control subjects. Conclusions: The results suggest that children with autistic disorder show alterations in the endocrine OT system. Deficits in OT peptide processing in children with autism may be important in the development of this syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 2001;50:609 -613","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50879116,"asset_id":30436416,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":695570,"first_name":"Lynn","last_name":"Waterhouse","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LynnWaterhouse","display_name":"Lynn Waterhouse","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LynnWaterhouse?f_ri=49600","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":2249,"name":"Autism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":4888,"name":"Personality Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Assessment?f_ri=49600","nofollow":true},{"id":7000,"name":"Neuroendocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroendocrinology?f_ri=49600"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=49600"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=49600"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=49600"},{"id":53735,"name":"Oxytocin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxytocin?f_ri=49600"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=49600"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=49600"},{"id":1929419,"name":"Nino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nino?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2489699,"name":"Autistic disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autistic_disorder?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=49600"},{"id":2583478,"name":"Neuropeptide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropeptide?f_ri=49600"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14600200 coauthored" data-work_id="14600200" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14600200/GABAA_Receptor_Promoter_Hypermethylation_in_Suicide_Brain_Implications_for_the_Involvement_of_Epigenetic_Processes">GABAA Receptor Promoter Hypermethylation in Suicide Brain: Implications for the Involvement of Epigenetic Processes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Background: Epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in the reprogramming of gene expression in response to stressful stimuli. 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